News from no man's land, by James Green—A Project Gutenberg eBook

Produced by: Guus Snijders and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from scans of public domain works at The National Library of Australia.)

I am indebted to the Rev. James Green for the privilege of writing an introduction to his book, in which he gives a lucid and interesting description of the life of our gallant soldiers of the A.I.F. In his capacity as one of our Chaplains to the Force, all of whom have done such noble work during the war, he has been able to enjoy a close personal touch with our men—more particularly perhaps at Gallipoli; the record of his sympathetic observation and experience will, I am sure, be heartily welcomed by all who are interested in the welfare of the A.I.F.

Previous publications have, I know, chronicled the incidents of our campaign in Egypt and on the Gallipoli Peninsula—deeds in which the greatest courage, determination, and self-sacrifice have been displayed by our men from the Southern Seas, many of whom, alas! have made 6the supreme sacrifice in the cause of Justice and Freedom. Chaplain Green's work will, however, be an interesting sequel in that he describes what one may call our second phase of operations on the Western Front.

Here, in France, our Australian troops have continued to show that magnificent bravery and spirit which has enabled them to undergo cheerfully the severest hardships, and even to enhance their fine reputation as soldiers, which now stands second to none in this huge Army. No words of mine can adequately express my admiration and affection for them. I am proud to think that for nearly three years now I have been privileged to serve with them, during which period they have made traditions which will live for all time in the history of Australia.

For reasons known to the men of the Australian Imperial Force, I am always interested in meeting others who wear the green badge on their arm. A good soldier is always as proud of the colours he wears on his shoulder as the colours he wears on his breast. He knows that each brigade and battalion possesses a soul of its own, and he is proud to belong to his battalion and to worthily wear its colours. For these reasons I ask the privilege of dedicating this book to the officers and men of the First and the Fourteenth Brigades. Sister brigades they are, from the Mother State; with them I campaigned, and for them I have a proud affection.

Heroes of many a fight,--for those two Brigades will stand out specially in Australian History, the story of the Landing 8at Anzac, the Battle of the Lone Pine, Pozières, Fromelles, Bapaume, and Bullecourt. Some of the men drafted from the First to the Fourteenth shared in the perils of Gallipoli, and all are associated with the fighting on the Western Front.

For them all, I wish that they may fight on to the certain and glorious victory, and have the luck to return to Australia, the land of sunshine and opportunity—there to help in building up the Commonwealth in harmony with the principles of freedom for which they are fighting.

In spite of necessary suppression, or vagueness of names of localities, my comrades of the Fifty-fifth Battalion, to which I was attached, will recognize many of the incidents described, and I can only hope that reading what the padre has to say may cheer them in some lonely places, or help them to be happy though miserable in some indifferent billets.

We are getting near IT at last. We have started our march through the quaint Flemish villages, past canals where long strings of barges, painted grey, and bearing the marks of the wonderful Army Service Corps of the British Army, are being towed steadily forward.

Occasionally, we march through good French towns, with their fine churches and cathedrals. We hate the pavé. It is hard for marching; but we recognize that it is a great advantage to possess such hard roads to bear the enormous War traffic of great guns and heavy motor-lorries, proceeding constantly to the front. Our band cheers us up. We are proud of 14it. The tunes we like best are, 'Advance, Australia Fair,' 'Australia will be There,' and 'Bonnie Dundee.'

The women and children and a few old men come out to cheer and clap, and, occasionally, we see some woman in black turn aside to weep. Is she thinking of some brave husband or son who marched to the front just as gaily as we are doing, and who did not come back?

But what rouses the enthusiasm of those stricken people is the 'Marseillaise.' When our band strikes up the martial strains of that most wonderful melody, the old men square their shoulders and the boys march bravely alongside us, and the whole roadside seems to be vibrant with the fighting spirit.

I remember one little fellow with a crutch who, though a confirmed cripple, hobbled in front of our band for miles. It was a sight which made us forget that we were footsore and hungry. Away, behind us, are the memories of the long 15train journey from Ismailia to Alexandria. Only a vague recollection remains of our small fleet of transports sailing the beautiful waters of the Mediterranean. We do sometimes think of the reception we got as we steamed into Marseilles, with its statue of Notre Dame guarding the seas from her eminence on the hill above. Then the long troop trains and longer journey across La Belle France. A beautiful country, 'worth fighting for,' is the verdict of many a stalwart Australian from 'out back,' and from perhaps some little Bush township, with but a church, a blacksmith's shop, and an hotel. Further out, of course, there was a race-course, and divided by miles there were the stations and farms, but it was a land of magnificent distances. Here, however, there is intensive cultivation, and towns close to each other. A pleasant land of beautiful trees and rivers, and grass of greenness new to us. But we are getting closer to the desolation of war, closer to the valley of decision.

16By and by we rest in a small village, and it is Sunday. The church bells are ringing, and as I have made elaborate arrangements for church parades, I am looking forward to a good padre's day.

The brigadier, however, cancels everything. 'Sorry, padre, the men are going to be "gassed" this morning, but not by you.' They are, and they look very uncanny manœuvring there in the fields with gas-helmets on. No one is harmed by the gas, and they learn that it is possible to live and move under gas. But I am sure they would have preferred my gas for once.

I am billeted with a very nice family here; and as the daughter is quite charming, I have many visits from the younger officers. I did not know I was so popular with them. Mademoiselle has learnt to speak English quite well.

'Don't you like Australians best of all?' said Lieutenant Gallant, with a languishing look to mademoiselle.

17'We have many good soldiers here; English (they do not say much); Scotch—very good men; they speak more, and ask if there is any place where they can buy whisky. I like them all, and I do like Australians best.' The gallant lieutenant beams with joy; but she continues archly, 'Because I always like those best who come last.'

'I know why,' I ventured to say. 'It is Sunday, and to-day you would have worn your beautiful dress.'

'Ah, oui,' she says sadly, 'you are very wise, and it is true. Come'; and she leads us into the house again, opens the wardrobe, and behold the costume from Paris, très chic, the lovely hat—a creation; the high-heeled boots, they are 18all there. Quite innocently she tells us that, had we stayed, she, with many another fair one, would have 'made promenade.'

Oh, what we have missed! and what greater pleasure they have missed who would have 'made promenade' to the big church and along the quaint streets of that beautiful village. We have seen them working in the fields, on the railway, in the signal-boxes; but the brave women of this village would have liked us to see another side of their life when in their Parisian costumes they promenaded the streets with the grace which seems natural to every Frenchwoman.

We have had the deep sound of the big guns in our ears for days now, and we are getting so near that we have seen fights in the air. Our band instruments have been packed away, and we are in our last billet before 'going in.'

It is afternoon, the day following. The whole brigade is on the move in readiness to fight. The men march in file under the 19avenues of poplar-trees. The points where the various companies enter the sector have all been detailed, and officers who have been down to the sector before act as guides. At a cross-road the colonel on his horse watches the men break off for their different directions, and receives reports from time to time; nevertheless, in the darkness, the transport which I am temporarily with goes too far, and we have to halt for instructions.

By this time our guns are booming out. We don't know whether there is some 'stunt' on, or whether they are merely firing to cover our 'changing over.' Some thousands of men are 'coming out' and 'going in.' It is a difficult operation. The noise of shell-fire is great, and now we can see the festoons of flares going up in the Hun lines. The lieutenant has inquired, and he says we are right and must go on. I don't believe it. I have been down the road and I saw a parapet. I wish I had not come with the transport. 20They are so visible on the white road. At any time we may be discovered and a machine-gun turned on to us. The horses are getting restive. The doctor has kindly lent me his horse, and it is jumping about. I seem so high up and exposed there in the saddle, and yet I cannot hold the beast when I dismount.

The wagons, too, make such a distinct noise as they rumble over the metal road. I agree with one of the men whom I hear declaring to a chum that 'the whole bally thing is "no bon."' The men inquire, when a fresh gun-shock is heard, 'Is that ours or theirs?' With a brave optimism, I assure them that all the guns in action are ours. They take me for a veteran, and say, 'It's all right; the padre says they are all ours.' Most of the men who have been in action before add to their authority by agreeing with me. But I have a shrewd suspicion that, like me, they think they are all ours, and I know they hope they are all ours. With a splendid 21audacity and tone of finality, reminiscent of my cricket-umpiring days, I continue coolly to announce to every inquirer, 'Yes, of course that's one of ours.' At last a shell breaks on the road with a vicious 'whiz-bang.' No one is hurt, thank God, but it was close, and the horses are playing up. Amid the silence which follows, one of our Australians cries out: 'Now, then, padre, what about that? Is that one of ours?' Such a question, and at such a time, demands a moment's thought. But I answer quite confidently, 'Yes, that's ours—now.' Everybody laughs, but it relieves the tension. It is relieved more by the fact that the lieutenant, realizing that we have gone too far, has given the order to 'About turn,' and we are getting the horses and wagons behind the bend of the road.

More inquiries. I've lost my faith in the transport. The doctor's groom has come for the restless 'Rosinante,' and I'm free. If I am to get to the Battalion 22Head Quarters, I must proceed 'on my own.' But first I will turn into this little shelter, a forsaken dug-out covered with stout beams and sand-bags.

Two of us light up our pipes, but a profane sentry draws near. 'Now, then, you blighters, put out those pipes. You mustn't show the Huns a light. Don't you know you're in a very dangerous place?'

It's all dangerous, but we didn't know that this place was specially dangerous. I must make some inquiries of my own. I would have to leave the transport some time. Why not now? I get into a long communication sap. Like many another on the Western Front it is called Watling Street. But it gives me a cue. I remember now that it leads into Convent Avenue, and that, I heard them say, leads into Plug Street, and that is the road to the Battalion Head Quarters.

I pull my tin-hattin-hat firmly down, and when the banks are low I crouch, for the machine-gun 23bullets are whistling overhead, and all the choir and orchestra of the guns on both sides are in full voice now. The Concert of Europe has, by a metallic crescendo, reached its fortissimo.

The full diapason is out, but, as always in war, the vox humana is silent. There are little islands (traverses) in the communication trench, and suddenly emerging from the sap near one of these, I nearly bump into a sturdy machine-gunner I know well. He is a member of my Church, a sweet singer in my choir when he is at home. And this is the night for the choir practice, too. I see it now as in a vision. The choir is gathered round the great organ, and the conductor raps out his admonitions with the baton. They are practising one of my favourite anthems, 'Send out Thy Light.'

'You must duck your head here, padre; it is a bad place, and you are not supposed to loiter.'

But I must wait. I am asking myself, 24'Are these guns sending out the Light and Truth?' 'Yes, they are,' I say to myself. It is a quick mental process, but I am satisfied with the conclusion.

We crouch down together and talk of the old church. He gives me more information, and I press on again. I am talking to myself, a bad sign, but the meeting and the memory has stirred up emotions not to be stilled.

'We must have two anthems next Sunday,' I say to the conductor as though he were present. 'First, "Send out Thy Light," and second, "The Radiant Morn."'

I wonder if, after this fury, there will be a radiant morn for Europe; not one that has passed away.

25A few more turns of the sap, and then I come to three trenches meeting, and it is a dangerous spot, for shells are dropping close. But the sentry, with bayonet fixed, is on guard.

'Yes, padre, you can plop one any time here. I keep to the left side as much as possible under the bank.'

'Men of the "Fifty-fifth" are to be directed down this sap to the front line, and men of the "Fifty-fourth" go down that, and by this you can find your way to the Battalion Head Quarters.'

'Eureka! I've found it. Bon soir,' and 'bonne chance, sonny'; my present troubles are over.

Arriving at the Battalion Head Quarters, I find it to be a farm-house, ruined beyond recognition as such. Kindly nature has covered it with a screen of verdure, rendering it almost invisible. The cook is there 26and his assistant. My kit has not come down to trolley-line yet, but the major, who has been 'in' some days, shows me my dug-out, a mere hole.

Hours after the officers begin to turn up after various adventures. They seem surprised to see me in first. 'Our padre is the limit,' says the colonel. 'Chuck him into the centre of Darkest Africa, and he would strike out for home.' They glare at me with vengeful jealousy, but they have to confess I got supper on the way with the help of the cook.

Hot coffee melts them. It is professional jealousy. I tell them we ought to have a few non-combatants to settle this war. We're good pals after all, and I know they would not care for a padre who got lost; worse still, they wouldn't want one who didn't go in with them at all.

There's nothing like sticking up to these fine young fellows now and again. Mutual admiration, tempered by strong opinions 27on irrelevant questions. The colonel is jubilant because our battalion is right in now without a casualty. Others, both going in and getting out, have, unfortunately, not been so lucky.

Now to get to my dug-out. I walk quietly to the left behind a wall of sand-bags, then going through an opening, I run smartly for the hole, for machine-gun bullets are splitting the air. I have a bag in front of my dug-out, and a sheet of corrugated iron to keep in the light. All night long the guns boom, but you sleep all the same.

When we get our papers up a day afterwards, we read of this particular night a neutral paragraph, headed, 'A Quiet Night on the Western Front.'

At the gate of a ruined farm in our sector in Flanders is a little chapel to 'Our Lady of Deliverance.' It is seventy years old. The brickwork at one corner is broken down by shell-fire, but the ancient picture above the altar, and the altar also, are intact.

What was the idea of the ancient proprietor in building this chapel at his gate? for most of the wayside sanctuaries hereabout are dedicated to our Saviour. It was a large farm-house, evidently the property of some wealthy farmer. It must have survived the Franco-German War of 1870; but it has not survived this, for the huge grange is a mass of ruins. Perhaps the shrine is a recognition of deliverance during 32the first war. Although it stands amid ruin to-day, the chapel is prophetic of a deliverance which is in process of being worked out.

Near it there is a battery of field-gunsfield-guns, and in rear of it a battery of 'heavies'; in fact, all around there are guns, guns, and more guns!

They were hurling an avalanche of shells into the Hun lines when I passed on a Sunday afternoon to conduct a service at a post in the second line. What a horror of sound!

The Huns began to reply, and they sent nothing over but high explosives. 'Crump, crump, crump,' went the shells as they exploded, raising clouds of dust and smoke, but fortunately missing all our batteries. To be comparatively safe it was necessary for me to go by a way which avoided all the targets the German gunners were aiming at. As though despairing of getting our guns the Germans began to belabour our trenches with minenwerfers, and soon 33the crash of mortars began to mingle with the noise of our howitzers, field-guns, and machine-guns.

Thank God it did not last long. In ten minutes' intense bombardment in a large sector like this hundreds of projectiles are launched in the air. But we had the last word in this duel, and when it died down we were not done. A flight of our aeroplanes droned overhead. They were going over for the usual afternoon 'strafe.' There is some danger to pedestrians from fragments of anti-aeroplane shells, for the Germans ceaselessly bombard our 'planes, usually without any luck. They go right over the German lines, probably carrying bombs for some depotdepot or ammunition dump. When they have passed, a different, a solitary aeroplane appears. The 'flight' was of battle-planes. This one is for spotting purposes, and a single battery begins to fire in its direction.

The intense bombardment therefore gives place to a deliberate slow firing of shell 34after shell in obedience to the observer above. They are trying to get some special object, and 'registering' their shots for future guidance.

At night-time this little sanctuary of Our Lady of Deliverance becomes the centre of a scene which might be taken from some drama of the underworld. Huge ammunition motor-lorries dash past with a reverberation which makes the ruined walls tremble. They are delivering stores of shell (largely made by the women of England) for the daily consumption of the guns. Our Lady of Deliverance has many disciples among both English and French women in these days; daughters of deliverance we might call them.

Then very often at night-time the gun positions are changed, and by immense efforts great howitzers are hauled into new pits. The Army Service Corps must deliver its goods also by the light of the moon, and from the front glide past the motor-ambulances with wounded and sick. 35They are protected by a mesh of expanded steel, for they go right into the zone of fire.

In this way deliverance is worked out for unhappy Flanders. Amid thunderous roar of cannon, the rising and falling of star-shells, rockets, and flares, of all colours and meanings, and the ceaseless rattle of machine-guns, Our Lady of Deliverance is thrusting forth the flail of retribution and the banner of freedom.

It is no sacrilege to ascribe our slow and sure pressure on the enemy to higher and divine powers, even if we acknowledge, for our sins, that the backward sweep of the awful flail smites us also. This would be the last thought to the inhabitants of these war-stricken areas. To begin with, they are a deeply religious people, and their religion gives them hope and faith for the future. The Germans have destroyed their church but not their faith. They have removed the altar from the ruins of their once beautiful church to a neighbouring 36farm-house, and there they pray to Notre Dame de Délivrance.

The same spirit is seen in the neighbouring towns and villages. In such churches as are left standing you usually see the Union Jack and the Tricolour at each side of the chancel, and always the statue of St. Jeanne D'Arc is prominent, decorated, sometimes illuminated, and ever the object of many devotions. It is this spirit which possesses the women of France. Yet religion here to-day manifests itself in masculine types, and even the Maid of Orleans is portrayed in the garb of a soldier and with a drawn sword.

It is the effigy of Christ which is usually seen in wayside sanctuaries, and they are not usually dedicated to Notre Dame. This is natural enough in such a virile country as Northern France. The women, however, are doing their share in working out the deliverance. Near this very sanctuary you may see women and girls on the top of the haystacks building them 37up. A soldier on leave is usually seen tossing the stooks up, and boys drive the big Flemish horses in the lumbering old fashioned wains, but all the rest is the work of the women, even to harrowing the fields. The harvest is being got in right up to the guns, and the soldiers are not allowed to harm crops or traverse fields. The heavy traffic on roads by guns and army transport has necessitated a good deal of reconstruction. The boys and the old men are doing it. How the women can stay on and attend to the little shops in the villages at the front is a mystery to us, for these shops and houses are being steadily demolished by gunfiregunfire.

During one of our heavy bombardments recently I went into a little shop to make a small purchase. The building alongside had been shelled the previous week and had to be abandoned. The girl behind the counter was obviously nervous, and she said to me in broken English, 'Too much bombardment I do not like.' 38'Tout Anglais,' I replied. Immediately she brightened up wonderfully. 'Très bon pour les Allemands,' she said, and went about her work singing.

A curious note amid this quaint Flemish environment of red brick and tiles, interspersed with trees and grass of a greenness unknown to Australia, is produced by the London motor-buses. They rush past with a roar, filled with Tommies singing, 'Keep the home-fires burning.'

From one end of the line to the other every man has his job. There are snipers, machine-gunners, trench-mortar men, bombers, signallers, pigeon-men. This last suggests the pigeon service. Men who know pigeons are chosen for this work, and they like it. In the stress and strain of battle 'wireless' and 'wire' may break down, so pigeons are trained by a daily service of duplicate messages. They have their regular flights, and there is a constant service of cages being brought up to the lines by motor-bike, and flights of pigeons returning 39to their lots at stated times. We see the German birds flying back too, so that man, beast, and bird have all been drawn into this great war. They get very wise too, and the older pigeons fly low along the hedges and by the avenues of poplar-trees to avoid gunfire. The pigeon-man follows the commander into battle as well as the telephonist.

But most useful and enthusiastic of all are the observers. 'O. Pip' observers' post is a place the enemy is always seeking to discover and 'knock out.' But they are cleverly hidden. The other day, however, one of our men fell by his enthusiasm. He was directing gunfire on an enemy battery, and by and by he got it. When the Hun gun position was hit he forgot for a moment how precarious a foothold he had in his eyrie in the spreading branches of a tree. 'We've got it!' he cried, standing up and waving his hands. He fell out of his perch and broke his leg. He is now rejoicing in a hospital. We 40must not forget the wonderful work of the miners. They drive tunnels and construct weird 'bomb-proofs' and other works, thus contributing their share to the coming deliverance in which everybody at the Front firmly believes.

Yes, that little chapel is a parable and a prophecy. Itself intact amid the ruins, it reminds us that although we ourselves are imperfect instruments, our cause is good, and the day is surely coming when these farm-houses and churches will be rebuilt in this beautiful countryside and prosperity and peace will rule. Every gun-shot expresses our faith and what we suffer in the price we pay for freedom and security which shall be ours and for many long years our children's.

In the quiet days they brought their offering of flowers to this shrine. To-day we bring our howitzers drawn by huge traction engines, our field-guns, our mortars, our machine-guns, our rifles, and these are our offerings.

41More: from distant lands many thousands of miles across the ocean men have come. Nay, they have been sent. They have been given up by their women, for they are husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers. These men, greater than they know themselves to be, are the living offerings at this shrine, given to the cause of Notre Dame de Délivrance.

'No Man's Land' is that bit of ground six hundred yards, and sometimes only thirty yards, between our trenches and those of the enemy. Over this disputed area we 'strafe' each other night and day. There are often water-holes, even swamps, in No Man's Land, and both sides have a habit of draining trenches into it. Wild flowers and even garden flowers grow in this area, for it contains ruined farm-houses and orchards. Poppies red as blood, lilies white as snow, roses, and blue cornflowers are often seen there waving in the breeze, sometimes swaying before the hail of bullets from machine-guns.

The birds sing oblivious of war here, 46but sometimes you see pigeons trying to fly across. I say trying, because our men always endeavour and sometimes succeed in shooting them. Why? Because probably they are carrying spies' messages to the Huns which may mean death to us. We do not want the enemy to know how we are distributing our batteries in the rear, so we try to stop enemy aeroplanes or pigeons crossing either way.

As soon as daylight appears you will usually hear the droning of a swarm of great bees humming their way across No Man's Land. They are British aeroplanes, often flown by young men from eighteen years of age and upwards. They never refuse a fight, and the best proof of their efficiency is seen in the fact that fortunes are wasted by the Germans every day in anti-aeroplane fire, in the vain hope of stopping them. They often cross in ordered ranks, and go through wonderful evolutions on their way—circling over each other like catherine-wheels, and looping 47the loop as if in the joy of battle and contempt of the enemy.

Our airmen are the pride of the infantry. If you want to be cheered up, all you have to do is to look up, and watch these adventurers of the air. Many a stirring fight have we witnessed in the air over that unowned terrain called No Man's Land. One evening we watched a fearless observer making his regular circles amid such intense anti-aeroplane fire that we trembled for him. By-and-by he began to fall, and we watched his descent with our hearts in our mouths. When we saw that he was going to land just in our lines, we raced madly to the spot. Some of the officers, revolver in hand, thinking they might need to fend off the enemy, were so eager that they forgot their tin-hats which were really more necessary. To make sure of him the Boches simply plastered the spot where he had landed with shell-fire. Arriving, we saw him desperately dragging the engine, which was intact, under a parapet. 48Then he took refuge, and we congratulated him, saying he was 'very lucky.'

There was a legend with us in one sector not far from Armentières of an airman whom we called 'the mad major.' I don't know whether he was one, or two, or three. Like the gun we called 'Beechy Bill' at Gallipoli, perhaps there were several of him. All we knew was that we would see an airman flying gamely among the puffballs of the breaking anti-aeroplane shells of the enemy, and sometimes he seemed to get into trouble, and we used to cry out, 'They have got him!' He would fall like a stone, recover, fall again, and then when we looked for the awful end he would skim low over the German trenches plying his machine-gun like one o'clock. Good luck to the mad major! There was a method in his madness, although we never knew what he was going to do next. Nor 49did the Hun. In spite of danger and orders, we used to crouch behind the parapets watching our airmen, and it was a tonic to us.

Of course at any time, and for long periods all the time, shells, from spitting rifle batteries to 60-lb. projectiles from big guns in the rear, are screaming and hissing over No Man's Land; and wherever you are 'you never know your luck.' Moral: Do not despise your tin-hat. It may be uncomfortable, but it would be more uncomfortable to 'stop one' even if it were but a fragment.

New monsters called Tanks have taken to moving across the debateable territory called No Man's Land, spitting out flaming death as they go. In short, all the accumulating frightfulness which we are learning to use is being used to say to the Hun in tongues of fire and steel, 'This is not your land; begone, and take up once more your watch on the Rhine!'

But you wonder why we do not annex 50No Man's Land, and advance. The strategy of staying here till the right moment comes is wise and humane. There are fine towns and villages containing non-combatants on the other side of No Man's Land. It would be but to mock their hopes to advance unless we could sweep on everywhere. Nor do we wish to conquer in such a way that every village is left in ruins. Here and there at strategic points we may have to do that. It is not so much that we want to break through as that we want the whole line to break. Meanwhile it is a very hot and unhealthy place for Fritz.

Besides that, we are beating the enemy every day on this line. It suits us. We have organized it. Here we have trolley-lines, concrete bomb-proof stores, and many things that take time to build. Later, when the right time comes, we shall cross No Man's Land at many places, and it will become France again for ever. Until 51that time comes we cannot do more than present our claim to No Man's Land. We do this frequently and 'in person.' Our patrols and scouts enter it nightly, and it requires courage and craft to do this. Through secret sally-ports, over parapets, and where the line has been damaged by shell-fire, they steal out in the darkness, and the German sentries keep a succession of flares and star-shells going to detect them. What hairbreadth escapes they have, and what escapes the Hun sentries have; for sometimes they find themselves very near to one, and they have to get back with their information without raising an alarm if possible. Sometimes, however, through a mistake, in the fog or darkness they get into the German line, and they have to fight and escape amid following bullets. At such times our men at the parapets have carefully to cover their return with rifle-fire, and even help them over or under our defences back again to safety. Young intelligence officers 52take many risks as they crawl amid the hollows in No Man's Land, revolver in hand, in search of information.

We got a few body-shields for our scouts in our battalion, and they went out for a long time with a greater confidence. The protection they afforded gave them a calmer frame of mind, which produced extra efficiency. But we make more serious claims on this disputed ground by our 'raids,' which occur in many places every night. The raid is a survival, or perhaps a revival, of the old hand-to-hand fighting. It is a curious anti-climax of science in war, of which there are so many illustrations to-day.

In spite of long-range guns of great power and high-velocity telescopic rifles, we fight in trenches close together, and we have got back to grenadier days. Hand-grenades, rifle-grenades, and trench-mortar bombs as big as howitzer-shells are tossed over to the enemy lines at the same murderous distances as those at which 53Wellington's and Napoleon's veterans fired at each other in Peninsula days.

The raid is the last illustration of our backsliding in an age of science to the primaeval fighting instinct, unrelieved by the chivalry of a knightly age. You may be sure there are no banners flying or trumpets blowing, no heraldic challenge to warn the Hun that he is to be raided. It is a form of frightfulness calculated to jar the nerves of the most militant disciple of the gospel of blood and iron.

We were warned that our battalion, in common with others, would be expected to raid the enemy's lines in its turn, and volunteers were immediately called for. There was no lack of response. Then the men had to go through a long and careful training, as those do who are out to win a county football cup. In the rear of the sector they dug trenches which were a replica of those to be raided. They did this from photographs provided by our indomitable airmen. On this ground the 54men were trained physically, and in the use of the special arms they were to carry. Relay races to give them speed, crawling attacks at night to make them wary and acquaint them with the 'lie of the land'; and added to this, bayonet-fighting, revolver-practice, and all this again and again, and in all sorts of light or darkness, until at last they were smitten with a desire to 'get it through,' and a confidence that they could 'put it through.' So much so, that two of their number who became due for leave declined it, as they thought it was 'up to them' to be in the raid after training for it.

At last the great day arrived. No one knew until almost the last moment. When the raiders came up in two London motor-buses singing 'Australia will be There,' we did not know them at first. They were a disgrace to the battalion as far as clothing went, for they were clad in ragged and dirty clothes from which all marks of identification were absent. Short as the 55notice was, we had organized a 'banquet' for them, and even got a huge three-decker bride-cake from a neighbouring village. We had a solid meal of three courses, and you may be sure it was none the less hearty because of the absence of intoxicants. Every one was cheerful, but there was an undercurrent of seriousness and grim determination. The chaplain had to propose a toast, and after he had wished them 'Good luck' and 'God bless you,' the men came up with apparent casualness to say a word or two of intimate confidence not to be divulged in this sketch.

Then the men were prepared. They all wore aprons containing bombs; some had rifle and bayonet, some clubs, entrenching-tool handles with cog-wheels at the end—commonly called chloroform sticks—some bombs and revolvers. Every non-com. had a watch set to divisional time and an electric torch.

Amid a good deal of merriment they 56blackened each other's faces—not for fun, but because white faces would be easily revealed under the white light of the German flares. Then the motor-lorries came up to take them into the sector, and with many cheerful wishes they drove away as jolly as though they were going to a party. A motor-ambulance followed with the regimental doctor, the chaplain, and the stretcher-bearers. Down the long communication trenches we followed them silently over the duck-boards, from which occasionally some would slip partially into the water draining below.

The arrival at the front line is marked by a 'fading away' of the troops holding it. 'It's me for my dug-out,' I heard one man say. 'It ain't healthy with raiders about.' This is wise, because when the raid begins the Boches will rain shells on No Man's Land, and then put a barrage on or about the parapets to get them on the return. Now the raiders are sorted out and put round the three secret sally-ports 57through which each party will enter the 'verboten' land. The doctor inspects the special aid-posts to see if all arrangements are perfect. Yes, the bandages and doctor's kit are all laid out, and the A.M. Corps men at their posts, and I and the doc., with an A.M.C. sergeant, repair to the main aid-post to wait. It is three-quarters of an hour yet to zero time, but before that many of the raiders will be lying out in No Man's Land in holes and hollows. We try to read a bit, then talk, and all the time smoke. Smoking has a curious psychological effect. It steadies the nerves, makes you believe you are not perturbed, but there is no doubt that the time of waiting is always the worst.

Every now and again we look at the watches. 'Quarter of an hour to go.' 'Yes,' says the doc. 'I expect some of them have crawled out now.' 'Ten minutes to go.' You throw down your book. It is no good pretending to read. For three days our gunners have been 58'wire-cutting.' They have cut the wire over a very wide front, but they always take care to cut it where our men are going to attack.

Zero time is 9 p.m., and exactly on the second hell breaks out. Guns in the rear roar out in fury. Trench mortars close at hand vomit forth their missiles of death, and even machine-guns and rifle batteries help to swell the crescendo of battle. The ranges are well known, and the guns do their work without harming our men, who are now crawling forward.

Our aid-post is a dug-out covered with steel joists and sand-bags; but it rocks with the swish, swish, swish of the shells flying through the air like hail. Now the Boche begins to reply, and every now and then a 'whiz-bang' bursts on the parapets. We can only hope that no high explosive will happen to break on our dug-out. Now the guns lift, and the raiders get closer up. A frenzy of flares go up, and we are so curious that we sneak out to see across 59No Man's Land. We cannot see a man of our party, and we take that to indicate that the Huns, too, cannot see them yet.

Now it is 9.10, and on the instant there is a silence as terrible as was the fearful noise. The raiders are among the Germans now. They rush from dug-out to dug-out bombing. Meeting Huns, they fight face to face and hand to hand. German fire breaks out on No Man's Land, and occasionally a rifle shot. Then, 'bad luck to us,' the Hun ceases to engage our guns, and he puts his high explosives on, and just over our parapets. And this is the time we must get out for our work, for casualties soon come back; indeed a message has come to say that two are back. One man who has brought a wounded comrade and himself has suffered a fall, injuring the knee. As we run along the duck-boards behind the parapet we bend low and listen fearfully to the crump, crump, crump of shells exploding behind our line. The raiders have just ten 60minutes for their fighting. At that time our guns will raise another curtain of fire behind them to keep the Huns from a counter-attack.

They must not stay under our own fire. Now they begin to return, with their eyes bright with the excitement of battle, covered with mud, with a German helmet or two, with many stories of the fighting, and with their wounded. The stretcher-bearers are out in No Man's Land seeking others, and we have enough to do dealing with those at hand. We have got most of them close up to the parapet, and the doctor has difficult work to do under circumstances the reverse of helpful, for German shells are landing in our lines pretty thickly. But when you reach this point in a 'stunt' you cease to think of danger; you are absorbed in helping. The wounded turn to the padre as a friend and almost as a father. They babble of their home folks, give you messages, and they hold your hand tightly when they 61are in pain. You cannot stay with one longer than is necessary, for others ask for you. 'Ask the padre to come' is something which makes it worth your while to be with the men in battle. One man, not at all young, gives me many loving messages to one whom I took to be his wife. I send them all to Australia, and receive thanks from his mother, who explains that her son was a confirmed bachelor. Another poor chap has a slight wound; but it does not bleed, and he is so cold. We heap blankets and new sand-bags on him and give him stimulants. But he gets colder and colder, and just as the ambulance reaches the billets in the village he dies of shell-shock. The wounded men are put on the trolleys, and the stretcher-bearers begin to push them out of the sector; and while they do so the Huns' shells fall all round. 'But who cares?' That is the feeling you have at this stage. Now we have a bother. Some of the raiders are not easily persuaded to start on 62the homeward march up the communication trench. The special officer stands, notebook in hand, ticking off the names of the raiders who have returned. In spite of his assurance some want to go back to find chums who are really not lost. Others seek excuses because they want to go back for trophies or booty which they now remember to have seen.

One of our company is still missing, and a wounded man tells me where he has seen him. As a matter of fact, things have quietened down a lot now, and we have virtual possession of No Man's Land; the Huns have hidden. They are satisfied to sprinkle our sector with shells in the hope of getting returning men. But our stretcher-bearers are indignant at the idea of my attempting to get the lost man. Securing my information, they go into No Man's Land and find him. We still have a number of less seriously wounded men behind the parapets. Everybody is talking of the exploits of one of them. He is an 63athletic fellow whom the doctor is attending. To counterbalance the pain he is suffering I congratulate him, and suggest that he will probably get recommended for reward.

'No fear of that,' he says laughing. 'More likely ten days' C.B.' (confinement to barracks).

'Well, sir, I'm not a raider at all; but when I heard the shots, I couldn't resist, so I slipped over the parapet and into it.'

It is difficult to tell exactly what success the raid has had; but the men seem to agree that with those they accounted for and Huns they found killed by our artillery fire altogether twenty-five of the enemy were destroyed. We have lost three killed in action, and a number of wounded who will recover. One prisoner has been 64brought back, and he seems to be a regular walking orderly-room for the number of official documents in his possession. It may be but a small affair; but when we remember that there were twenty-five raids the same night, it will be recognized that we are not sitting down tamely and submitting to the German occupation of any part of France.

Probably the British press will announce to-morrow, 'All calm on the Western Front'; but we know that every night No Man's Land is the scene of deeds of valour and self-sacrifice, proving that our men have the fighting spirit of their fathers; and that apart from the clash of material forces, in the great battle of spirits which is the ultimate basis upon which a decision in war depends, we need not doubt the 'will to victory' of our men. No Man's Land, with all its pathos and sorrow, the grave of unknown heroes, the battle-ground on which many a brave exploit is enacted which is unnoticed and 65unrecognized, is still the pledge and prophecy of our final victory.

Now we must trudge back to the village. We walk about two miles in saps, and then join the ambulances waiting on the road. You begin to feel tired at this stage!

We had a treasure in our battalion—a sergeant who knew all about bombs. He liked them, and knew exactly how to treat them. Of course we could not keep such a man in the battalion. He was manifestly called to the vocation of Instructor for Bombing Schools.

They will never make a general of him—he is too valuable in his present capacity. Besides, his grammar and pronunciation are not equal to such a strain. The more lucid his explanations are, the looser is his control of the aspirate; although that is nothing in these days, for I heard a member of the British Parliament speaking the other day, and he---- But that is another story!

70'Bombs is all right if you treat them properly. They will never do no 'arm to you if you don't monkey with them. They are gentle and 'armless things to them as is wise to them,' he would say, addressing his group of humble disciples. 'Gather round and I'll learn you about bombs.' And what time he toyed with the vicious missile the 'class' would gather somewhat fearfully around him.

'When you remove this 'ere pin you release the spring which causes the charge to explode the bomb in the time that you count five—so.' He removes the pin and proceeds to deliberately count, 'One, two, three'; now his disciples begin to melt away, 'four'--'Oh, you needn't worry, five, there ain't no charge in this one. It's empty for experimental purposes.'

He has a wonderful command of hard, technical words, only equalled by his disregard of the proper pronunciation of simple words.

Now with reassured courage the class 72gather round again, and he takes up a 'live' bomb.

'As you count three, you hurl the bomb, not with a jerk, but with a smooth round arm bowling motion. So—one, two, three,' and he hurls the bomb clear into a trench forty yards away. It explodes with a loud detonation, smashing up the trench, and he resumes his lecture.

'Although you 'ave removed the pin, you can still keep your bomb right, by pressing the spring until you are ready for action, so you can 'ave a bomb in your 'and just ready for throwing as you go up a German trench. You've got to do it just right, so that Fritz has no time to pick up your bomb and throw it back at you.

'You can 'ave faith in your bombs now. It's not like them there Gallipoli days, when we 'ad to fire jam-tin bombs made on the premises. They was filled with Turkish bullets and all sorts of things, but they couldn't be relied on to do the 73same thing every time. Did you ever 'ear of Lieutenant Forshaw, V.C., down Cape Hellis way? He hurled jam-tin bombs for forty-two hours at Johnny Turk. He 'ad to light them with his cigarette.

'Not been used to smoking cigarettes, 'im 'aving been brought up as a schoolmaster, the smoking did 'im a lot of 'arm, for which reason the King made 'im a V.C. Lucky fellow, I call 'im. Many's the time I've been short of a fag.'

At once quite a number of the sergeant's pupils present fags, and having made a selection and put a few in his pocket for future use, the sergeant proceeds:

'There's another man I want to tell you about—Captain Shout, V.C., of the 1st Battalion. 'E was throwing bombs at such close range at the Turks that 'e had to have three lit at once for 'im, and 'e fired them just so as they would explode among the enemy. 'E kept this up a long time, and 'eld the enemy up, but one burst too 74near 'im, and after some time, he died of 'is wounds. A great loss to the A.I.F., believe me. You needn't worry about such-like 'appenings now; only one in two thousand of our Mills' grenade goes wrong, and with the odd one you've got your sporting chance.

'Now, what about bombs that land close to you, sometimes thrown by the enemy, and sometimes by accident, our own, when a man 'its the side of the trench? Don't be too scared. Even then bombs is 'armless properly treated. Get behind a traverse if there is one. If not, then you render the live bomb 'armless. Gather round. I'll show you.'

Sitting on a chair, he took a bomb, and, after counting three, threw it on the ground, not a great way off. The men scatter for all they are worth; but the sergeant, having thrown an overcoat over the bomb, calmly resumes his seat. Crash! goes the bomb at the fifth second. The coat rises with the bomb, the fragments drop 75harmlessly around, and the coat is not much worse.

'Now then, let that learn you to throw sand-bags, blankets, your own overcoat or some such thing over a bomb, and ten to one no 'arm will follow.

'Did you ever hear of Mulga Bill at Quinn's Post? A bomb dropped in the trench amongst them, and 'e promptly put a sand-bag from the parapet on top of it. To make sure, 'e sat on top of the sand-bag. When it exploded 'e went up with the bag a little way. 'E came down all right and none the worse. But 'e was narked--annoyed, to find his chums laughing at 'im. "What are yer laughing at?" 'e said. "I did that to save you fellows, but I'll never do it again."

'That's where Mulga Bill was wrong. He done right, except sitting on top of it. That was an extra act—a sort of curtain-raiser at the wrong end of the play.

'Let that learn you not to put 'ard 76substances on a live bomb. It don't take kindly to pressure. I'll show you. Gather round.'

The instructor then proceeds to throw another bomb. As, counting three, he throws the bomb down, he proceeds quickly to put a sheet of corrugated iron on it.

The bomb, exploding, sends fragments, throws the torn iron all around, and the men have learnt another strange lesson in regard to the behaviour of bombs.

Notwithstanding the confident handling of bombs by this expert, I am privately of opinion that men should beware of 'the familiarity which breeds contempt' in the matter of bombs.

There was a man in our Brigade who had just returned from a bombing school with his head stuffed full of all sorts of knowledge about the manufacture and use of bombs. He had a small collection of them, and one morning in the shadow of 77the Calvary at the cross-roads-at Fleurbaix, having an audience, he held forth on his new subject, illustrating his remarks by fiddling with a small screw-driver at a bomb which he professed to know all about. Suddenly it exploded, wounding him sadly. 'A little learning' had for the moment 'made him mad.'

To get back to our Bombing School. After the instructor's talks, the men in turn would hurl bombs from one trench to another, until they were no longer 'bomb-shy.' As a matter of fact, a good bomber is just as good a 'life' in the army as any other expert. Indeed, a man may lose his life through the absence of a bomb or the knowledge of how to use it.

In the words of our instructor, 'The cure for the bombing craze is--"A hair of the dog that bit you."'

The Germans are good bombers, and when, in their counter-attack, they come down a trench throwing bombs, the only way is to bomb them back and out again.

78He used to say, 'The Boches began this blooming bombing business,' only his adjectives were sometimes profane. 'What we have to do is to give them a fair sickening of it. Bomb their ZeppelinsZeppelins, bomb their submarines, bomb their dug-outs'--then, in one final outburst, he would say, 'Bomb the Boches; and if you don't believe what I say, ask the Chaplain.'

Our 'bomber' often surprised us, even to alarm. But the biggest surprise he ever gave us was when he had been granted ten days' (well deserved) leave in 'Blighty,' he turned up again in six. Wondering, the men, who envied him his leave, inquired why he had returned before his leave was up.

The Army Chaplain, drawn by Mars from his quiet round of parish work and life, made up, as it is, of pastoral visitation, educational and devotional meetings, and the public services of the Sabbath, is certain to find active service a restless experience. His battles aforetime, fierce enough sometimes, were in the arena of Synod or Conference Hall, and his duels were of the more or less friendly sort of the Ministers' Fraternal. Now he sees something of battles more dramatic, in which the missiles are more than words. He moves in an atmosphere of romance mingled with grim reality, and he begins to feel that he is living in heroic days. He sees the world in processprocess of reconstruction, 82and looks on whilst the fabric of man's life and character is taken down and built up again according to a new pattern.

Our disappointment in not being allowed to proceed straight to the front in France was somewhat mitigated by the news that we were to train and wait beneath the shadows of the mighty Pyramids at Cairo. On the ground where Napoleon, addressing his troops, reminded them that 'forty centuries looked down upon them' and awaited their achievements, we trekked through the sand, sweated through the hot days and shivered during the cold nights, as we camped amid sand which is always either very hot or cold. There was a hard winter's work for padres here who desired to do something to counteract the evil attractions of Cairo for the troops. The reality was, however, always tinctured with the romantic glamour of Egypt and the Nile.

There was Vieux Cairo—the ancient Forstad—with its undoubted earliest Christian 83Church; the place to which we can say with almost certainty that Joseph and Mary came with the Infant Christ. Wanderings amid the antiquities of this ancient place full of Coptic traditions, and an occasional mingling with the multi-coloured crowds gathering among the BazaarsBazaars of the Monsky, somewhat relieved the tedium of evolutions amid the eternal sand of the Libyan Desert.

A hard three days' manœuvring was set over against the interesting fact that we fought our sham battles at Sakkara, the City of the Dead, and our Brigade signallers flashed or flagged their messages from the Step Pyramid—the very oldest building in the world to-day.

'Going down to Egypt' had the same dangerous fascination for us as for the ancient Israelites, and padres had to be modern Isaiahs, warning the men of the languorous seductions which Egypt in modern times, as in ancient, holds out to men of a sturdy race.

84Then came the never-to-be-forgotten day when we marched out of our Mena Camp, headed by our bands—away from the sand of the desert, and on through the crowded streets of Cairo, singing, 'Advance, Australia Fair' and 'Good-bye, Cairo.' We were going to fight, and we were glad. We had left the back-block townships away beyond sunset for this very purpose: to strike a blow for Old England.

That we were going to strike a blow at the heart of the Turkish Empire made it all the more thrilling. Whether we would succeed or not we could not tell, but we knew that we were going to strike hard. No ancient crusaders ever felt higher enthusiasm than did we amid the marshalling of the armada of transports at Alexandria. Then, with Pompey's Pillar looking down upon us, we sailed away from the city of Alexander the Great, passed the Pharos and out to the blue Mediterranean.

Whither bound? We hardly knew, but 85in those days, when padres stood upon the higher decks and spoke to the men in their ranks below in the deep well decks of those huge transports, the romance of it all impelled them to call men to high endeavour and heroic faith. We had to 'do censor' on this voyage, and we found that the men's letters were surcharged in almost equal quantities with reality and romance. They complained that they had to sleep on an iron deck, eat iron rations, and, to crown all, some one said, 'We are commanded by a General called Iron Hamilton.' But they felt the glory of it, and displayed the spirit of adventurers.

With St. John's Patmos in sight, with its white buildings on the summit of the hill, we steamed on for Lemnos. Lemnos, the island to which, in Greek myth, Jove's son was hurled from heaven, in disgrace, and where the Greek army called on its way to the Trojan War, was beautiful to us after the hot sands of Egypt.

We manœuvred on shore among the 86most beautiful wild flowers, and we sailed in Mudros Bay around the formidable battleshipsbattleships of a mighty allied fleet.

Those were romantic days for the padre. Everything one said was flavoured with the seriousness of last words and final exhortations. The last Communion service, and the last service on the huge flagship of the A.I. Force, the MinnewaskaMinnewaska, is something to remember. On April 11 the topic was 'Consecration.' 'And Joshua said unto the people, Sanctify yourselves; for to-morrow the Lord will begin to do wonders among you.' The lesson was the story of the preparation of Joshua's army for the crossing of the Jordan. Knowing how desperate was our enterprise, we girded ourselves for the attack, and whatever the result of our campaign may have been—and we shall not know that fully until the war is over—we can claim that we obeyed the word which said, 'When ye come to the brink of the water of Jordan, ye shall stand still 87in Jordan.' How many of our brave fellows on the brink of the water of the last Jordan stood firm on that bit of land we wrested from the Turk?

The last service of all on the deck of the flagship, on April 18, 1915, had for its message: 'Faith in God's leadership,' 'The Pillar of Cloud by day and the Pillar of Fire by night.' It was a pillar of cloud—clouds of battle-smoke—and a pillar of fire from the thunderous guns of our Fleet; and although it was not written in the Book of Fate that we should take Gallipoli, we may yet believe that God was with us.

In that address, after showing, first, that God does lead nations, and, secondly, we are not in the war for Empire aggrandizement, but for the preservation of God-given ideals—I turned to ask: 'Are we suitable instruments for the fulfilment of God's will?'

I look back with thankfulness to the fact that my last words to the men who 88were going to land at Gallipoli were on 'personal salvation.' 'Some of you may be satisfied that we are right as a nation in regard to God, but you may have confused and troubled thoughts about your own relation to God. You say, "I am not a church member or communicant. What about my personal salvation?" In regard to the forgiveness of sins, there is no magic or mystery about it. A man can be a Christian without knowing the creeds, just as a man can be a soldier without knowing the military text-books. The great revelation of the Bible is of God as a Father. Think of a good father. He would forgive even a prodigal son. So will God. But there must be repentance. If you thus come, God will accept you and say: "Thy sins which were many are all forgiven; go in peace and sin no more." Thus you may go forward, and fight all your battles knowing that at last, when you ground your arms before the Throne of God, and answer the roll-call 89of eternity, you will hear the Father say, "Well done, thou hast been faithful unto death; enter into Life."'

On a brilliant day of Mediterranean beauty our ships lifted their anchors, and, amid resounding cheers, one after another steamed out into the Ægean Sea, in the wake of the fabled Argonauts and on the ancient track of the Greek army sailing for the Plains of Troy. In the darkness battleships and transports took up their allotted positions, and in the early dawn there began one of the greatest combined naval and military battles which the world has ever seen.

Even amid the tragedy of those Gallipoli days we lived under the spell of the storied past. We were living in St. Paul's world. On a certain bright Sunday morning we addressed some hundreds of men on 'Paul's vision and call to Macedonia.'

We were fairly safe, for the shells flew over us on their way to the beach, and the hill intervening stopped the rifle-fire of 90the enemy. It is a good thing to be on the right side of the hill.

The men were always glad to hear about that indomitable fighter, Paul. We were able to point to Kum Kale in the distance, which our battleships had bombarded some days previously. It is the ancient Troas, from which Paul sailed, and Troas again is the more ancient Troy. He 'made a straight course to Samothrace.'

This would take his little ship (something like that Greek lugger sailing in our sight) over the place where a few days before our good friend, H.M.S. Triumph, was sunk by a submarine. And there, to the right, was Samothrace, in its snow-capped beauty, facing us.

That was the romance. We were in the ancient world. The reality was that we were verminous, plagued with flies and all the diseases they bring.

After visiting the dug-outs that day, I had to bathe in the Gulf of Saros, wash all my clothes, and, dressed in others less 91worrying, try to sleep in my cave of Adullam that night. Experiences solemn and weird were ours on that craggy shore.

A Communion service at that same place stands out in my memory. How freely the men came to the Table of the Lord! In the beautiful twilight they sang hymn after hymn as relays of men took their places. It was a setting solemn and impressive as any cathedral of man's building for such a service. But there was a grim reality about it too, for as they sang:

others, who had left the service for duty, were passing in single file up the long communication trench armed for the fray.

It seems a strange and romantic fact that when we returned to Egypt, after the 92evacuation of Gallipoli, our main camp was at Tel-el-Kebir. Sir Garnet Wolseley's trenches were visible on the outskirts of our camp. But what is more interesting, is that on the march to the desert front our force followed the line mainly of the sweet-water canal, which is probably the route of the Israelites under the wise generalship of Moses.

Some units took a route through the Desert to Ismailia. There was less romance about their experiences, and a reality which does not lend itself to description here. Crossing the Suez Canal, we campaigned for some months on a route which ultimately brought us to a post seventeen miles out in the desert. What an opportunity for the padre of re-telling the story of the wandering and fighting of the hordes of Israel under Moses and Joshua!

Our Arab camel convoys, on a new-made road parallel with a strategic railway, traversed by electric locomotives—East and 93West together!--lent an air of romance to this period of service. But it was counterbalanced by a severe reality, for on occasions we marched at 7 a.m. with the thermometer at 100 degrees. And a padre's Sunday, beginning with the first church parade at 5 a.m. and conducting others at various posts among the sand-dunes, was a day which left one more conscious of reality than romance.

An atmosphere of romantic interest hangs about our French campaign. The scene changes, and for the white-robed hosts following Saladin or Mehemet Ali, for the bronzed warriors who followed Cambyses, Alexander the Great, Rameses II, for the Red and Blue arrayed against each other under Napoleon or Abercromby, we have to exchange the chivalry and battle represented by such names as Poictiers, Cressy, or Waterloo. In our fleet of six transports, our division en route had to watch and pray, wearing a lifebelt always.

94We steamed into a bay of Malta on a Sunday morning. This gave us another memory of Paul, and we had to speak of his shipwreck and landing there.

Arriving in La Belle France, we realize that it is a land of chivalry and romance. We move under the banner of Joan of Arc, and fight on old battle-fields. Every town has its storied past; but this is no war of chivalry, and our battalions do not flaunt the banners of heraldry. The reality is cold mud, dripping dug-outs, and hard fighting night and day; and yet over all are the crossed flags of the two most romantic and adventurous races in the world—the British and the French.

The achievements both of Napoleon and Wellington call us, the one to the path of glory and the other to the path of duty; and a second greater Waterloo awaits us as victors in the struggle for the freedom of Europe.

At this time we may still hear the 95ringing cry of Henry V at Harfleur in our English ears:

Everything is in the melting-pot. Even our ideas of religion are changing. The development of theology is being hastened by the 'big push,' and orthodoxy is being tested in the red crucible of war. There is a lot of confusion, and that all the contending nations claim God is embarrassing to us, but not to God. We may be sure that there is no jostling or confusion in the Eternal mind. The Good Shepherd knows His own and is not deceived by our claims and counter-claims. 'Gott mit uns' is engraved upon the belt of each German soldier, and the Kaiser claims God as the German God. He has been appealed to by theby the Austrian Emperor, by the Czar; even the Sultan's soldiers advance to the charge 100crying, 'Allah, Allah.' We appeal to God too. It is all natural and, from the human standpoint, right. We may be sure that the God of Battles knows the worth of all our claims, knows how much of truth is contained in our cause. In His name the conscientious objector declines to fight, and God only knows where conscience ends and cowardice begins. 'The Lord is a Man of War,' and if history shows anything it shows that God does not despise the sword as an instrument whereby men contend for the faith, and even the blood of men is not too precious to spill for the defence of the ideals of freedom and right. Like the pulsator on the diamond fields of Kimberley, war, the mill of God, throbs back and forth. We may throw on it the heaps of earth, but as it throbs it will shake away the clods and wash away the mire; the true diamonds will remain.

To the superficial, war seems to be a grim contradiction of the fact that God is the Ruler of the world. To them it 101seems as though this world were governed by a demon. But really war is a terrible confirmation of God's presence in the world and a lurid re-emphasis of His inevitable and inexorable Law.

The mental disease of selfishness, lust of power, and military glory was present; it was slumbering in the heart of the nations in times of peace. The disease (which shows itself in commercial competition too) broke out in the violent inflammation and irruption of war. War is a delirium, a delusion, and a degeneracy. It is made possible by the brute strength of a soulless people on the one part and the weak unpreparedness of an easy-going, prosperous, and pleasure-loving people on the other part.

Suddenly a bolt from the blue fuses all antagonisms into the mad storm which we call 'War.' A good deal of dross will be burnt up, but the pure gold will remain. Out of the collision of national ideals which are right or wrong, heroism and 102self-sacrifice are born. Out of the commotion of contending ideals, truth, single-eyed, in clear perspective and circular, containing every point of view in its comprehensiveness, will emerge. It is not to the balance of power or the inter-relation of dynastic connexions that we must look for peace, but to the balance of the naked truth and the essential solidarity and brotherhood of man.

The Concert of Europe has broken down in discord, the Conductor is rapping out with His baton the true music of humanity, and He insists that we should all recognize the Keynote.

The pre-millenarian sees in it all a superhuman interference with the human will which is the prelude to a forcible application of the Divine Will and a millennium of peace and perfection. But when we investigate, we see that there is no mental violence in the coming of the Great War. We are reaping what we sowed. It arises out of logical and adequate causes. 103It will not end until these causes have been removed.

Political excrescences must be sloughed off. Nations will be born or reborn in a day. So war is working the world-fever out of our blood, cleansing our hearts, and making us seriously face life's issues.

To get to particulars. We hear much about man-power to-day. It is the last word of the strategist, the first thought of the statesman, and the secret of victory. But who bothered about man-power a few years ago?

A Russian peasant in Petrograd, after the Revolution, said to an English press correspondent: 'We shall have fine times in the church now. There will not be so many long prayers for the Czar, the Imperial family, and all the nobility, with a little prayer for the poor peasants at the tail end.'

Yet it is the great mass of men which Russia possesses which forms the famous 'steam-roller' upon which so many have 104placed their hope for the liberation of Europe. It may be that the God of Battles has ordained that in saving Russia, and in part Europe, the Russian people are to save themselves.

How was it with us? How many cubic feet of air have our men had to breathe in the wretched and monotonous tenements in which they were compelled to live? Houses must be built that way, I am told, because the land is dear. Who made the land dear and men cheap?

Men in many callings could not obtain a living wage. Some weird economic law--'supply and demand' or other phrase—made it impossible to give the worker more! But, suddenly, a struggle for national life is thrust upon us, and there is money enough!

I know it is a very complicated question, but it is there. We must face it; we are 'our brothers' keepers.' They are like 'sheep without a shepherd,' unless they are cared for. It is a national obligation 105to provide right conditions of life, proper education for mind and body for the boy who is going to be the unit in the man-power of the nation.

We must organize our national life to allow of this, for we have no right to permit our industrial development to outpace our humanitarian provision of the fair conditions of a full-orbed, manly life. Each nation contending is 'up against it.' Men are precious in France, but scarce. The birth-rate has fallen off. Why? We leave it to French patriots to solve, and turn to our own affairs once more.

We have suffered in this war, and victory has been delayed because we lacked organization, and yet we prided ourselves upon being organizers.

The victories in war are manufactured in days of peace. We were not organized in pre-war days. Things happened. Under the pressure of war we have had to organize ourselves in many ways. The railways have been brought under central control 106to serve England and not companies merely. The vested interest of the Drink Traffic has had to be squeezed into more reasonable proportions, and may have to go altogether to secure victory. Men and women are being mobilized for national service, and agitation for women's suffrage is silenced for the present. In the silence it may be that we shall learn that the claim for suffrage depends not upon being but upon doing. National service is surely a good claim for suffrage. Representation should not merely depend upon taxation, but upon a wider qualification—service for the common good in war and peace.

We are not the only people under the pressure of war and compelled to listen to the will of the God of Battles.

We have seen an Anglo-Saxon nation, claimed to be the freest in the world, struggling to grasp at the same time peace and conserve its liberty, reluctant to grasp the sword even to protect its nationals. Led by a far-seeing, cautious, 107and astute President, it made a wonderful attempt to keep out of war; but the grim circles of battle have with ever-widening sweep reached this huge nation of peace-lovers, and it is learning that in citizenship quantity is not everything; quality, racial purity, counts for something.

Moreover, nations are not permitted, any more than individuals, by the God of Battles to evade or shirk the great moral issues of life:

The Church is being tested by war. It had not been prepared by its human leaders for this test, though history shows clearly War, Revolution, Crisis, and Persecution are the foster-mothers of Religion.

But we built up the Church for peace and prosperity. Its ordinances, ceremonials, customs, and solemn pomps; its appeal, apparel, and ambition, all needed 108peace for their opportunity and prosperity for their support. When a nation strips for war, however, it needs a religion from which everything which is extraneous and superfluous is eliminated.

When the soldier, living in the world of elemental passions and away from all the Church aids and props, free from the suggestiveness of the church as a sacred place and all the sensuous accessories and aids to worship, asks for religion, he wants it neat. He needs the fundamental, the essential, the irreducible minimum.

Now the Church has to work in an altogether different atmosphere. It must not be thought that it is an atmosphere less favourable to religion. The drama of the soul never has so fitting a setting as in the red landscape of war, with its alternations of lively death and deadly life.

The very processes of soul growth and the problems of time and eternity are, so to speak, 'filmed.' A lifetime is compressed into a campaign.

109As the individual soul has its tragic opportunities, so the Church itself has its great chance. Never was such a setting for the divine drama since it was first enacted. Never were the truths of religion so clearly illustrated or the comforts of religion so pathetically needed. The suitability of the gospel message as a response to man's needs, and the perfection of Christ as man's Comrade and Saviour, never shine forth so fully as in the lurid glare of war's terrible perspective.

It is the business of the soldier's preacher to interpret this. He has abundant mental material to hand, and he works in an atmosphere solemn, insistent, and impressive.

If he turns aside to talk of lesser things, he wastes his time. He must not get between the men and God, or put the Church, or its ordinances, or its rules, so far as they are human, between the men and God.

If this is so when we speak of the Church 110in the larger sense, how much more is it so when we speak of the Church as a denomination!--and all Churches are denominations when we are at war.

The minister, too, has to cut his baggage down. His spiritual equipment is in his mind and heart. The soldier does not inquire what college his padre comes from, or what qualifications the titles before or after his name stand for. Whether he is a bishop, a great evangelist, or a popular preacher means little to the man. What the man asks is, 'What sort of chap is he? How is he sticking it? What has he got to say? Does he help a fellow?'

The chaplain's one object is to lead men in thought and faith to God as God is revealed in Christ, and to get him there quickly.

In regard to the Church as an institution, there is a feeling among the men, more or less articulate, that it has humbugged them. It has denounced the sins it does not often commit, but has been too 111silent about the sins which are common to its own membership. The Church, in time of peace, has built up a vast superstructure of respectability. The sins of the flesh and drunkenness and swearing were not respectable; but it has not turned the white burning light of truth against the sins of the spirit—covetousness, selfishness, lying, fraud, greed, and injustice. The soldier has many things to put up with, but for the time he is freed from the soul-destroying influence of an industrial system built upon the basis of competition. He is not afraid of losing his job, and he need not toady to any one to secure the chance of his bread-and-butter. Under the pressure of campaigning he begins to exalt comradeship and self-sacrifice to the first place in the list of virtues. Battle forges a new and strong bond of brotherhood.

He does not possess this at first. He comes out of a world of self-seeking, but he gradually discovers that men depend 112on each other. In a word, the shells that fly, knocking the parapets about, and the rough and tumble of campaigning knock a man's creed about fearfully. He has to re-sort his ideas of religion and the Church, and when he puts them together again, he finds that they fit his complex needs better when they are built up the other way. Perhaps an arrangement of topics which I have found to be dead topics as far as work amongst soldiers is concerned, and others which seem to be live topics, will help to show what I mean.

Dead Topics	Live Topics.

Future punishment	Personal salvation
Baptismal regeneration	Prayer and providence
Apostolic succession	Comradeship and Communion
Claims of the Church	Christ as Friend and Lord
Sabbath observance	Righteousness
Observance of Holy Days and Church ordinances	God as a Ruler
Sectarianism and all Church shibboleths	Here, hereafter, and the soul's destiny

113The soldier is particularly interested in spiritual biography, and very glad to hear about what God did for Paul, Peter, Moses, Joshua, and David. There are vestiges of superstition lingering in many men, and it is hard to see where superstition ends and faith begins. I have known men sample all sorts of religion during the campaign, trying to find out perhaps what different chaplains have to say about things.

There is a species of fatalism; they value luck, and would sympathize with the Prayer-Book phrase, 'Good luck in the name of the Lord.'

It is strange that men should turn to the elements of religion in which the Church is getting slack. They value prayer, and I think most of them pray in their own way. They believe in providence, but do not expect that prayer for them means necessarily immunity from wounds or death; but they know quite well that whatever may be their lot they 114will be the better for the prayers which ascend for them and for their own prayers.

An Australian of the real primitive sort was moving across No Man's Land to the attack on Fromelles, and he stopped amid the hail of bullets and bursting shells and leaned on his rifle. A comrade rushed up and inquired, 'What is the matter, mate; are you hit?' 'Hit, no,' he shouted; 'if you want to know what I am doing, I'll tell you. I am saying a prayer.' With that he seized his rifle and went forward to the charge.

An Australian non-com., who went right through Gallipoli and was in many a fight, wrote to me and said that since a certain service at Mena Camp, in Egypt, he had made prayer the habit of his life, and it helped him to play the game. 'I have never gone over the bags without prayer first, and specially commending myself to God, and I find it bucks me up a lot.'

Another, referring to an address on the text, 'Thy rod and Thy staff comfort 115me,' wrote: 'The note of guidance and strengthening helped me a great deal in the hard business of the attack on the Lone Pine, and it was constantly with me in the Gallipoli days.'

Whilst so many in pulpit and pew have ceased to ponder and wonder at the mystery of the Atonement, soldiers have seen a new meaning in it. A man in our force at Anzac said to me: 'I never could understand before; but now, when I know I may be blown out, I reckon there isn't much chance for me unless somebody has made up for my failure and done for me what I have not been able to do for myself. I guess that is what it means.'

He did not express it very well, but agreed with me when I said that 'Calvary has made up for our failure to come up to the standard of Sinai.'

That most difficult idea of substitution for us and representation of us in the death on the cross is forced into men's minds by many an illustration now. To a soldier 116dying at Étaples, a chaplainchaplain said, 'Do you understand, and does it help you to know that Christ died for you?' 'Oh, yes,' he said, 'I know He died for me, just as I am dying for those shirkers at home.' He used the word 'shirkers' without condemnation, just as the first word which came to him, and passed away at peace and content.

For so long the Cross, with its extended arms, has spoken to the world of a redemption of love. But we passed by carelessly, not choosing to understand; so that we might well ask of the multitude:

Now we know a little of what it means, for so many of our best have died for us. So many real if not material crosses have been lifted on the low hills of Flanders; so many have laid down their lives for the race, that we are beginning to understand.

117There is nothing morbid in these thoughts of Christ dying. The Cross to the soldier is full of sweet helpfulness, it appeals to him with comfort.

Everard Owen, in a poem which we are allowed to reprint from The Times, called 'A Kind Hill to Souls in Jeopardy,' gives us the idea of tender succour which men see in Calvary:

118What will the Church do with the men when the God of Battles gives the remnant back to us? We shall have to make room for them. They will want a simple and strong religion. Something to call forth and use the heroic in them. They will not stay in the Church if there is 'nothing doing,' for they are intensely practical.

To recapitulate. The war has shown the political unimportance of the Churches in Europe. The Will of God was not expressed clearly enough or sufficiently by them to prevent the war. The World was stronger than the Church and imposed its will upon the Church.

Now that we are at war, the Churches are still divided in their witness for righteousness. Even the Church, which, beyond all others, calls itself Catholic, is not catholic in the sense of unity, for it speaks with different voices in Austria, Belgium, Germany, and France. The Church which calls itself Orthodox has failed to give the people a lead in Russia. 119With us the lack of unity in the Christian Church has weakened its testimony in the nation and marred its work in the Army. Once more, therefore, in the history of the world, the King of Righteousness, who is also the Prince of Peace, is recalled in human life as the God of Battles.

Still, He will make the wrath of men to serve Him, and He will gird the soldier to execute His purposes, unconsciously, it may be, as He girded and used Cyrus the Persian: 'I girded thee, though thou hast not known Me' (Isa. xlv. 5). In spite of the failure of the Churches, He is setting up His kingdom of Brotherhood and righteousness in the earth.

There is some very fine architecture in London, and buildings which reveal some of the finest workmanship in the world, for the London craftsmen are famous.

Sometimes the brickwork of the chimneys is built from one angle to another above the roof; like a zigzag, and then surmounted on the same building with chimney-pots of different designs and heights, pointing, too, in different directions, and again capped with many weird contrivances to make them draw. They are certainly out of drawing, as any artist will confess.

There are machines that whirl in the 124wind and by their mad circling withdraw the smoke, and there are cowls that move with the wind, swinging in such a direction that the wind cannot blow down the chimney. There are hoods, and tin monstrosities that rear their ugliness over palaces, and there are chimneys that have been built up so much higher than the original ending, that in their fresh start to the sky they spoil the sky view as well as the contour of the building. There are beautiful chimneys, which begin well, but have to be assisted to do their work by horrible tin extensions soaring into the air.

These hideous makeshifts disfigure the dwellings of the rich and the poor alike with a deadly equality of utility unrelieved by any beauty. To see it all stretching out beneath you from the Monument fills you with disappointment at the wretched discord. I believe there are experts in chimneys in London, men who doctor them. If one could be found with an artistic soul, who could make them 125beautiful, he would deserve well of his country.

But it would never do to take all these ugly things down, for uniformity and even beauty may cost too much. A house full of smoke would, added to the London fog, be intolerable. 'Handsome is as handsome does.'

The housewife says 'Ours is a beautiful chimney. It draws so well.' When you sit by the bright fire on a winter's night, you do not think of the ugly chimney aloft except as a plain-featured but dear friend.

But, for all that, these chimney-pots of London are a sad commentary on our human nature. Our architecture and building goes wrong just where it comes into contact with rough nature, with its treacherous tempest and veering winds. The architect plans a beautiful Gothic mansion and everything goes right. It is a dream, a vision of harmony, until he comes to the chimneys—then brief and 126tragic experience demands a distorted chimney or a tin contrivance, and the plan is spoiled.

So we build our lives up to a point. It is to be a Gothic career for the noble son. What Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Oxford, or Cambridge can do for him is done. The Church, the Army—Society (with a big 'S') lend a hand, and he is turned out true to sample—the right accent, the right dress, the right manner. But, alas! when he comes into contact with the intricate promptings of nature and the subtle temptings of the world, some strain, inherited from the days of the Conqueror, makes him wobble. He marries the wrong woman, or doesn't marry her at all, misses the bus, or catches the wrong one. His career is altogether different from plan and specification, and yet he may be quite a good sort!

Here is another case. We set out to build a really artistic life. She, the favoured creature, is nurtured amid culture and reared in the atmosphere of poetry. 127Listening to smart conversation in epigram and lightning-sketch style, she goes out into the world without a practical notion; and because these things 'require money,' drifts into a business-like marriage with an unpoetic person, who makes glue or blue. Settles down—a Queen Anne villa with Mary Ann chimneys.

These are mild cases. How few of us live up to our fond parents' hopes and prayers! How many of us end far otherwise than our education, advantages, and associations seemed to promise. We have power of choice, we are not made uniform, and we do wobble a lot when we are turned loose among the currents and storms of life.

At first we are foolish enough to think that this mighty capital of our far-flung Empire should be an epitome of all our British virtues. Coming to the fountainhead, we expect the water to be pure. 128We soon learn that it is not a fountainhead of anything. It is a great bay of human life and action into which a thousand rivers, of different quality and force, empty themselves.

London is a magnified expression of the life of the whole Empire. The currents which we on the frontiers of the Empire set going all come pulsing towards this mighty mother of cities; but with the boundless generosity of a mother of nations, mature but still vigorous, she receives this inflowing life and sends it back again in responsive floods to the end of the earth.

The jaundiced critic treads this mighty city with the blinded eyes of ignorance, and seeing faults and sins, identifies her as 'Babylon the Great, Mother of Harlots'; but to those who look for goodness, London suggests the city of which it is written: 'And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it; and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.'

129Let us not hide the truth from ourselves. These chimney-pots of London, for all their ugliness, mean a lot of kindly comfort. They draw well, they are comfortable to live with.

There is a warm sympathy for sorrow, a motherly helpfulness in need, a maternal solicitude for the welfare of the humblest, which stretches down from the throne, and is reflected in the kindness of the poor towards each other. No good movement will ever lack support here, and no stauncher friend to freedom is planted four-square upon this earth than the City of London, which so gallantly fought for its own freedom and so jealously guards it still.

If all these classic characters planned by fond parents had materialized right up to the very chimney-pots, they would probably have been less companionable and kindly. Purity of style does not 130always mean domestic harmony. Go into these houses with the distorted chimneys, and you will often find them 'all beautiful within,' carrying an atmosphere of peace and well-being which is refreshing to the soul. Think, too, of how many of them have been turned into hospitals for our wounded soldiers, and of others which dispense a hospitality to the men from overseas which helps them to forget or at least to bear their exile.

It is unreasonable to expect the discourse and decisions of the great mother of Parliaments to match the classic purity of the building in which it meets. Its members are men, swayed by many winds of interest and influence, and if they wobble a bit it is only natural. We youngsters would settle the Irish Question and the problem of the Drink Traffic monopoly very quickly! We would fix up the Suffrage for them and bring everything up-to-date very soon! We would indeed—until we get the over-sea mail and are reminded of 131our own lesser problems unsolved and see our own wobbling. If we have nicer chimneys it is because our climate is more kindly; and if life seems easier with us it is because we are so young. We did not have so much hoary feudalism to dig up; neither, however, have we such golden traditions and such a storied history. Our life is free, but is it so full?

Let us be very charitable to the homely chimney-pots of London. We have poured out our treasure and blood for the Empire in this great war gladly, but this one city has sent over a million of her sons to fight and given readily scores of millions of her wealth without a murmur, and is still giving out, giving out, without stint. It is the most heroic, adventurous city in the world, where men use big maps, think in millions, and build nationhood not for to-day only but for the centuries to come.

To speak of lesser things, where is there a more orderly, a more good-tempered crowd than the crowd of London? Paris 132has its gay beauty, Edinburgh its classic lines; but here they have dug parks out of the quarries of bricks and mortar. The trees, squares, little green patches, breathing-spaces, unexpected quiet nooks—all these are a surprise to us because they have cost so much, and they represent a city of ideals which embrace the past as well as the future.

Later on, when we are older and wiser, you will call us to your council-chambers. And we shall bring something with us of the freedom of the large spaces, some vaulting ambitions from new countries where life is a young man's adventure, some clearness of vision brought from the solitary places.

We shall bring Home some of the sweeping perspective of a land of magnificent distances. Freighted, too, we shall be with that love for England which only those can feel who have left her shores behind to strike the long trail of Empire. But we can never bring back such gifts 133to the mother county as she first dowered us with when she sent us out to the great new lands with a love for freedom which she nourished through the centuries with her own blood.

Ah, London of the crazy chimney-pots! what we like about you specially is your marvellous courage. London afraid, shrinking, timorous! Only madmen would think it! How you wrestled with your mighty problems!--problems of transport (you plant mighty railway systems in your heart, and dig ways underground for your people), and problems of administration greater than those of many nations!

But your courage is still challenged. You will not fail us, Great Mother of Cities! We look to you for a lead. You are going to root out your slum public-houses. You are going to do more for the housing of your people. And in the larger sphere of the politics of the world you are still going to hold aloft the banner of freedom and righteousness. Send out your life-blood 134of brave endeavour, and we shall feel every heart-beat and respond to it, away under the Southern Cross, and wherever the Union Jack flies or English is spoken.

When the great war is over there are some places which will live in the minds of the Australians. Mena and the desert around the Pyramids has become a part of the perspective of many Australian lives. It is stamped there by many a long route march, and the training of the Australian Forces there is a page in the annals of the history of Egypt, which includes so much that is military, most noteworthy being the assembling, training, and fighting of Napoleon's Army at the same place. We had our Battle of the Pyramids, strenuous enough if only a sham battle.

Heliopolis, with its old associations—the City of the Sun in the days of Joseph 138and the place of his marriage, was the centre for our New Zealand troops and also for many of our Australian units. Particularly will it be remembered by the thousands of sick and wounded who came there to our great No. 1 Australian General Hospital, which occupied the largest hotel in the world, the Heliopolis Palace. The classic island of Lemnos, both before our landing at Gallipoli and after our evacuation, loomed large in our life. Salisbury Plain with its ancient towns and its Druidical remains at Stonehenge also comes into the picture.

But Horseferry Road has its special place in our records. Thousands of Australians, on business bent, visit Head Quarters there, and the number who report there on duty or leave every week never falls below four figures. They see that it is a college, and that the officers are working in libraries surrounded by memorial busts and bronzes of old Masters, Tutors, and Scholars. They see hundreds of clerks working in lecture-halls, 139class-rooms, or College Chapel. It will be interesting for them to know that Horseferry Road is worthy of coming into the historic perspective of the Australian Army.

To begin with, it is probably the oldest road in England, certainly older than Watling Street. The Archbishop's horse ferry began when his Grace was more powerful than any of the several kings in England, and brought the traffic from one side of the Thames to the other before bridges were thought of. The Horseferry Road carried this ancient traffic, and was laid out by use, very much the same as Parramatta Road followed the tracks of the bullock teams along the ridge leading from Sydney to Parramatta—and thus became in a casual way the first road in the history of the new nation under the Southern Cross.

The ancient Archbishop never could in his wildest dreams foreshadow the time when hosts of British soldiers from the 140other side of the world would march along his narrow horse ferry road.

The building occupied by our Head Quarters is the Westminster Training College for teachers, whose principal is Dr. Workman, a leading scholar of England, and one of the first authorities on Mediaeval History. It was first thought of taking the College for an officers' training depot, but the War Office ultimately handed it over to the Australian Commonwealth.

The Australian Imperial Force but continues the war record of this great college. Of its 800 or more pre-war students who have attested, 735 are on active service: 47 have been killed in action, 23 wounded, 7 reported missing, and 3 are prisoners of war. It has contributed 97 commissioned officers and 218 non-commissioned officers to the army. The men of this college have obtained many distinctions in the field. Lieutenant William F. Forshaw and Lieutenant Donald Simpson Bell have won the V.C. The first case is well known to 141Australians, for Lieutenant Forshaw won his V.C. in the critical days of Gallipoli by holding up Turks for forty-one hours by throwing bombs. Captain C. H. Hill Roberts and Captain J. W. Wood won the Military Cross, and Lieutenant E. J. Phillips the Distinguished Conduct Medal and the Médaille Militaire. Private Herbert Brindle and Gunner W. L. Cooper, B.A., have won the Military Medal.

This does not profess to be a complete record of the honours won by Westminster Training College men, but just a list dug out of the statistics while the war continues, to show that the Australians have become citizens of no mean city in coming to Horseferry Road, Westminster.

Besides this war work, the Westminster College has done a great deal for Britain in sending one of its old tutors, Dr. Lowry, to the Munition Board. He is a great chemist, and the author of some of the surprise packets which have been sent to Fritz in the shape of new explosives.

142In peace, as well as war, the college, which was founded over seventy years ago at Horseferry Road, has gained honourable distinction. Hedley Fitton, the famous etcher, was one of its old pupils. Sir James Yoxall, author and M.P., is another old student. James Smetham, the famous artist and letter-writer, was a tutor here. John Scott, grandfather of the Rev. Dr. Scott Lidgett, was the first Principal, and was followed by Dr. Rigg, the great educational expert and writer on Methodism and Anglican theology. Besides that, it is linked to Australia by the fact that some of its old pupils have gone to occupy honourable positions as teachers and in some cases ministers in the Commonwealth.

At least one of our great Australian schoolmasters, Mr. F. Chapple, M.A., B.Sc., Principal of the largest boys' college in Australia, Prince Alfred College, Adelaide, was a student and a member of the staff here.

143One of the strange things that war does is to bring back in khaki men from Australia, on business to the A.I.F. Head Quarters to find that it is their own old college. Men from Westminster Training College are fighting in France, Palestine, Mesopotamia, on the Salonica front, and some of them are in naval work; and while this famous Alma Mater sends out her own sons to the frontiers of the Empire, she opens wide her hospitable portals to receive the brawny pioneers of New Lands away 'down under.' Thus men from back-block townships in Australia are brought into a sort of fellowship of service with the English trainers of the old Horseferry Road Training College.

Our men will think kindly, too, of Horseferry Road, because the War Chest Club, just opposite the Head Quarters, was so often their home. Here, under the hostess, Mrs. Samuel, a capable group of lady workers have dispensed thousands of hot meals to sore-footed and war-weary 144Australians on leave from France. Then there was the quiet refuge of the Y.M.C.A. Hostel on the other side of the road, in the Wesleyan Central Hall, where, under the lady superintendent, Mrs. Workman, and her voluntary assistants, similar good work was done.

To Horseferry Road the Australian came gladly, leaving it regretfully for war again; and when the war is over it will be a kindly memory. In close proximity to Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament, where so many bonds of Empire are forged, the old Westminster Training College will continue to do its useful part in Empire building.

Reference	correction	original text
22.26	tin-hat	I pull my tin hat firmly down
32.6	field-guns	a battery of field guns
33.18	depot	bombs for some dépot
37.16	gunfire	demolished by gun-fire
77.5	Zeppelins	Bomb their Zeppelyns,
81.20	process	world in prosess of reconstruction
83.8	Bazaars	Bazars of the Monsky
86.3	battleships	battle-ships of a mighty
86.10	Minnewaska	the Minniwaska is something
99.16	by the	by Austrian Emperor
116.1	chaplain	at Étaples, a chaplaín said

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CHAPTER		PAGE
I.	A QUIET NIGHT ON THE WESTERN FRONT	11
II.	NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE	29
III.	NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND	43
IV.	THE BOMBER	67
V.	ROMANCE AND REALITY	79
VI.	THE GOD OF BATTLES	97
VII.	THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON	121
VIII.	HORSEFERRY ROAD	135

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

INTRODUCTION

FOREWORD

CONTENTS

I

A QUIET NIGHT ON THE WESTERN FRONT

II

NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

II

NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

III

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

III

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

IV

THE BOMBER

IV

THE BOMBER

V

ROMANCE AND REALITY

V

ROMANCE AND REALITY.

VI

THE GOD OF BATTLES

VI

THE GOD OF BATTLES

VII

THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VII

THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VIII

HORSEFERRY ROAD

VIII

HORSEFERRY ROAD

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

INTRODUCTION

FOREWORD

CONTENTS

I A QUIET NIGHT ON THE WESTERN FRONT

II NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

II NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

III NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

III NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

IV THE BOMBER

IV THE BOMBER

V ROMANCE AND REALITY

V ROMANCE AND REALITY.

VI THE GOD OF BATTLES

VI THE GOD OF BATTLES

VII THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VII THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VIII HORSEFERRY ROAD

VIII HORSEFERRY ROAD

I

A QUIET NIGHT ON THE WESTERN FRONT

II

NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

II

NOTRE DAME DE DÉLIVRANCE

III

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

III

NEWS FROM NO MAN'S LAND

IV

THE BOMBER

IV

THE BOMBER

V

ROMANCE AND REALITY

V

ROMANCE AND REALITY.

VI

THE GOD OF BATTLES

VI

THE GOD OF BATTLES

VII

THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VII

THE CHIMNEY-POTS OF LONDON

VIII

HORSEFERRY ROAD

VIII

HORSEFERRY ROAD