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*The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary*
<-- Begin file 1 of 10: Version 0.4 of
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Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
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<-- p. 1 -->
A.
A (named \'be in the English, and most commonly
\'84 in other languages). The first letter of the
English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the
alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter
(a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all
descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek
Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the
first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian
origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a
guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek
articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel
Alpha with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet
having no vowel symbols.
This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel
sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, 43-74. The
regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a
comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till
about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the
quality of \'84 (as in far).
2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in
the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor
scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second
string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A
sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A
and B. -- A flat (A
A per se (L. per se by
itself), one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch.
[Obs.]
O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se
Of Troy and Greece.
Chaucer.
A (# emph. #). 1.
[Shortened form of an. AS. \'ben one. See
One.] An adjective, commonly called the
indefinite article, and signifying one or
any, but less emphatically. \'bdAt a
birth\'b8; \'bdIn a word\'b8; \'bdAt a
blow\'b8. Shak. It is placed before nouns of the
singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality
individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural
nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great
many or good many is interposed; as,
a dog, a house, a man; a
color; a sweetness; a hundred, a
fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many
days. It is used for an, for the sake of
euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for
exception of certain words beginning with h, see
An]; as, a table, a woman, a year,
a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a
oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an
was used both before vowels and consonants.
2. [Originally the preposition a
(an, on).] In each; to or for
each; as, \'bdtwenty leagues a day\'b8, \'bda
hundred pounds a year\'b8, \'bda dollar a
yard\'b8, etc.
A (#), prep. [Abbreviated form
of an (AS. on). See On.]
1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.]
\'bdA God's name.\'b8 \'bdTorn a
pieces.\'b8 \'bdStand a tiptoe.\'b8 \'bdA
Sundays\'b8 Shak. \'bdWit that men have now a
days.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdSet them a work.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia)
2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used
with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a
consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition
an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in
a hunting, a building, a
begging. \'bdJacob, when he was a dying\'b8 Heb.
xi. 21. \'bdWe'll a birding together.\'b8 \'bd
It was a doing.\'b8 Shak. \'bdHe burst out
a laughing.\'b8 Macaulay. The hyphen may be
used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as,
a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be
written separately. This form of expression is now for the most
part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal
substantive treated as a participle.
A. [From AS. of off, from. See
Of.] Of. [Obs.] \'bdThe
name of John a Gaunt.\'b8 \'bdWhat time a
day is it ?\'b8 Shak. \'bdIt's six a
clock.\'b8 B. Jonson.
A. A barbarous corruption of have, of
he, and sometimes of it and of
they. \'bdSo would I a done\'b8
\'bdA brushes his hat.\'b8
Shak.
A. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the
meter
A merry heart goes all the day,
Your sad tires in a mile-a.
Shak.
A-. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived
from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on
or in (from an, a forms of AS.
on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on
foot, abed, amiss, asleep,
aground, aloft, away (AS.
onweg), and analogically, ablaze,
atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in
adown (AS. ofd\'81ne off the dun
or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. us-, ur-,
Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and
sometimes the sense of away, on,
back, as in arise, abide,
ago. (4) Old English y- or i-
(corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-,
cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth.
ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition
to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French \'85 (L.
ad to), as in abase, achieve.
(6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in
avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix abyss, atheist; akin
to E. un-.
Besides these, there are other sources from which the
prefix a takes its origin.
A 1 (#). A registry mark given by
underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition.
Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3.
A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply
superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.
\'d8Aam (#), n. [D.
aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a
water bucket, Gr. /] A Dutch and German measure of
liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41
wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac.
[Written also Aum and Awm.]
\'d8Aard"-vark` (#), n. [D.,
earth-pig.] (Zo\'94l.) An edentate mammal,
of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig,
common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the
ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its
long, slimy tongue.
\'d8Aard"-wolf` (#), n. [D,
earth-wolf] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous
quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa,
resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.
{ Aa*ron"ic (#), Aa*ron"ic*al
(#), } a. Pertaining to Aaron, the
first high priest of the Jews.
Aar"on's rod` (#). [See Exodus vii. 9 and
Numbers xvii. 8] 1. (Arch.) A rod
with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the
caduceus of Mercury, which has two.
2. (Bot.) A plant with a tall flowering
stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the
golden-rod.
Ab- (#). [Latin prep., etymologically the
same as E. of, off. See Of.]
A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies
from, away , separating, or
departure, as in abduct,
abstract, abscond. See
A-(6).
\'d8Ab (#), n. [Of Syriac
origin.] The fifth month of the Jewish year according
to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil
computation, coinciding nearly with August.
W. Smith.
\'d8Ab"a*ca (#), n. [The native
name.] The Manila-hemp plant (Musa
textilis); also, its fiber. See Manila hemp
under Manila.
A*bac"i*nate (#), v.t. [LL.
abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare;
ab off + bacinus a basin.] To
blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes.
[R.]
A*bac`i*na"tion (#), n. The act
of abacinating. [R.]
\'d8Ab`a*cis"cus (#), n.
[Gr./, dim of /. See Abacus.]
(Arch.) One of the tiles or squares of a
tessellated pavement; an abaculus.
Ab"a*cist (#), n. [LL
abacista, fr. abacus.] One who
uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.
A*back" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + back; AS. on b\'91c at, on,
or toward the back. See Back.] 1.
Toward the back or rear; backward. \'bdTherewith aback
she started.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Behind; in the rear.
Knolles.
3. (Naut.) Backward against the
mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind.
Totten.
To be taken aback. (a) To be driven
backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship
when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly
checked, baffled, or discomfited.
Dickens.
Ab"ack (#), n. An abacus.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ab*ac"ti*nal (#), a. [L.
ab + E. actinal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the surface or end
opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to
actinal. \'bdThe aboral or abactinal area.\'b8
L. Agassiz.
Ab*ac"tion (#), n. Stealing
cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]
Ab*ac"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
abigere to drive away; ab+agere to
drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives
away cattle or beasts by herds or droves.
[Obs.]
\'d8A*bac"u*lus (#), n.; pl.
Abaculi (#). [L., dim. of
abacus.] (Arch.) A small tile of
glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in
making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements.
Fairholt.
Ab"a*cus (#), n.>; E. pl.
Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci (#).
[L. abacus, abax, Gr. /]
1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used
for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.]
2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for
performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires,
or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the
second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.
3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost
member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under
the architrave. See Column. (b) A
tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.
4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated
compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of
cupboard, buffet, or sideboard.
Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an
ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys
of an instrument.
Crabb.
Ab"a*da (#), n. [Pg., the
female rhinoceros.] The rhinoceros.
[Obs.]
Purchas.
A*bad"don (#), n. [Heb.
\'bebadd\'d3n destruction, abyss, fr.
\'bebad to be lost, to perish.] 1.
The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same
as Apollyon and Asmodeus.
2. Hell; the bottomless pit.
[Poetic]
In all her gates, Abaddon rues
Thy bold attempt.
Milton.
A*baft" (#), prep. [Pref.
a-on + OE. baft, baften,
biaften, AS. be\'91ftan; be by +
\'91ftan behind. See After, Aft,
By.] (Naut.) Behind; toward the
stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse.
Abaft the beam. See under
Beam.
A*baft", adv. (Naut.) Toward
the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.
A*bai"sance (#), n. [For
obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E.
abase] Obeisance. [Obs.]
Jonson.
A*bai"ser (#), n. Ivory black
or animal charcoal.
Weale.
<-- p. 2 -->
A*baist" (#), p.p. Abashed;
confounded; discomfited. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab*al"ien*ate (#), v.t. [L.
abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab +
alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]
1. (Civil Law) To transfer the title of
from one to another; to alienate.
2. To estrange; to withdraw.
[Obs.]
3. To cause alienation of (mind).
Sandys.
Ab*al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [L.
abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.]
The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement.
[Obs.]
\'d8Ab`a*lo"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A univalve mollusk of the genus
Haliotis. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and
used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species
are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the
rocks.
A*band" (#), v.t. [Contracted
from abandon.]
1. To abandon. [Obs.]
Enforced the kingdom to aband.
Spenser.
2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.]
Mir. for Mag.
A*ban"don (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abandoned
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abandoning.] [OF. abandoner,
F.abandonner; a (L.
ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL.
bandum, bannum, public proclamation,
interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic
origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to
designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to
proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE.,
to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and
hence, to give up. See Ban.] 1. To
cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.
[Obs.]
That he might . . . abandon them from him.
Udall.
Being all this time abandoned from your bed.
Shak.
2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to
renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern
on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or
fidelity; to quit; to surrender.
Hope was overthrown, yet could not be
abandoned.
I. Taylor.
3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without
attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ;
-- often in a bad sense.
He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite
vice.
Macaulay.
4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim
to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all
claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after
loss or damage by a peril insured against.
Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;
abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave;
retire; withdraw from. -- To Abandon,
Desert, Forsake. These words agree in
representing a person as giving up or
leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of
doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a
thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends,
places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a
shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable
than forsake or desert. The Latin original
of desert appears to have been originally applied to
the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb,
when used of persons in the active voice, has usually
or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,
etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully
stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to
desert one's post, to desert one's
principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not
necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a
deserted village, deserted halls.
Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit,
association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been
familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to
forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his
cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad
sense.
A*ban"don, n. [F. abandon.
fr. abandonner. See Abandon,
v.] Abandonment; relinquishment.
[Obs.]
\'d8A`ban`don" (#), n. [F. See
Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural
impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or
ease.
A*ban"doned (#), a. 1.
Forsaken, deserted. \'bdYour abandoned
streams.\'b8
Thomson.
2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely
wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ;
as, an abandoned villain.
Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved;
reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. --
Abandoned, Profligate,
Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea
of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to
open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or
political conduct; as, a profligate court, a
profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and
has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart
produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a
man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes
the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and
who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of
recovery.
God gave them over to a reprobate mind.
Rom. i. 28.
A*ban"doned*ly, adv.
Unrestrainedly.
A*ban`don*ee" (#), n.
(Law) One to whom anything is legally
abandoned.
A*ban"don*er (#), n. One who
abandons.
Beau. & Fl.
A*ban"don*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abandonnement.]
1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being
abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.
The abandonment of the independence of Europe.
Burke.
2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the
insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property
insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.
3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of
a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The
voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special
relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.
4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'d8A*ban"*dum (#), n. [LL. See
Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited
or confiscated.
Ab"a*net (#), n. See
Abnet.
\'d8A*ban"ga (#), n. [Name
given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A
West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which
are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.
{ Ab`an*na"tion (#), Ab`an*nition
(#), } n. [LL.
abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to
banish.] (Old Law) Banishment.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ab + E. articulation : cf. F.
abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.)
Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits
of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis.
Coxe.
A*base" (#), v.t.
[imp.&p.p. Abased (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F.
abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad
+ bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base,
a.]
1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down;
as, to abase the eye.
[Archaic]
Bacon.
Saying so, he abased his lance.
Shelton.
2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank,
office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to
depress; to humble; to degrade.
Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased.
Luke xiv. ll.
Syn. -- To Abase, Debase,
Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down
from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to
a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase
one's self before God. Debase has reference to the
bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base.
It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to
debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase
the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style
by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference
to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some
standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical
office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in
character and just estimation; as, degraded by
intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. \'bdArt is
degraded when it is regarded only as a
trade.\'b8
A*based" (#), a. 1.
Lowered; humbled.
2. (Her.) [F.
abaiss\'82.] Borne lower than usual, as a
fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards
the point of the shield.
A*bas"ed*ly (#), adv. Abjectly;
downcastly.
A*base"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abaissement.] The act of abasing, humbling,
or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled;
humiliation.
A*bas"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, abases.
A*bash" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abashed (#);
p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.]
[OE. abaissen, abaisshen,
abashen, OF.esbahir, F.
\'82bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the
interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE.
somewhat confused with abase. Cf.
Finish.] To destroy the self-possession of;
to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness
of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to
disconcert; to discomfit.
Abashed, the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is.
Milton.
He was a man whom no check could abash.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame.
-- To Abash, Confuse, Confound.
Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but
not so strong as confound. We are abashed
when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of
inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of
those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from
some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of
thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by
a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused
in entering a room full of strangers. We are
confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were,
by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that
we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually
confounded at the discovery of his guilt.
Satan stood
Awhile as mute, confounded what to say.
Milton.
A*bash"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
abashed manner.
A*bash"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
\'82bahissement.] The state of being
abashed; confusion from shame.
{ \'d8A*bas"si (#), \'d8A*bas"sis
(#), } n. [Ar.& Per.
ab\'bes\'c6, belonging to Abas (a king of
Persia).] A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty
cents.
A*bat"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abated; as, an abatable writ or
nuisance.
A*bate" (#), v.t.
[imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. &
. Abating.] [OF.
abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL.
abatere; ab or ad + batere,
battere (popular form for L. batuere to
beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]
1. To beat down; to overthrow.
[Obs.]
The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls.
Edw. Hall.
2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower
state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to
moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to
abate pride, zeal, hope.
His eye was not dim, nor his natural force
abated.
Deut. xxxiv. 7.
3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate
something from a price.
Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd
hundreds.
Fuller.
4. To blunt. [Obs.]
To abate the edge of envy.
Bacon.
5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive.
[Obs.]
She hath abated me of half my train.
Shak.
6. (Law) (a) To bring entirely down or
put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a
nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng.
Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be
abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of
assets.
To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or
in part.
A*bate" (#), v.i. [See
Abate, v.t.] 1.
To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as,
pain abates, a storm abates.
The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated.
Macaulay.
2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall
through; to fail; as, a writ abates.
To abate into a freehold, To abate in
lands (Law), to enter into a freehold
after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes
possession. See Abatement, 4.
Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish;
lessen. -- To Abate, Subside.
These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some
previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses
this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or
of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold
abates, the force of the wind abates; or,
the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside
(to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation
or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the
wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively,
the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a
thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the
word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger
abates, the ardor of one's love abates, \'bdWinter
rage abates\'b8. But if the image be that of a sinking
down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word
to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people
subsides, the public mind subsided into a
calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are
tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides,
his joy quickly subsided, his grief
subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such
cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion,
we might use abate; as, his joy will abate
in the progress of time; and so in other instances.
A*bate (#), n. Abatement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*bate"ment (#), n. [OF.
abatement, F. abattement.]
1. The act of abating, or the state of being
abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting
an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the
suppression thereof.
2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by
way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount
allowed.
3. (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an
escutcheon.
4. (Law) The entry of a stranger,
without right, into a freehold after the death of the last
possessor, before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
Defense in abatement, Plea in
abatement, (Law), plea to the effect
that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of
jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.
A*bat"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, abates.
{ Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, }
(#) n. [F. abatis,
abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr.
abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.)
A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose
branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the
enemy.
Ab"a*tised (#), a. Provided
with an abatis.
A*ba"tor (#), n. (Law)
(a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without
right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor,
before the heir or devisee.
Blackstone.
\'d8A`bat`toir" (#), n.; pl.
Abattoirs (#). [F., fr.
abattre to beat down. See Abate.]
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.
Ab"a*ture (#), n. [F.
abatture, fr. abattre. See
Abate.] Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled
down by a stag passing through them.
Crabb.
\'d8A`bat`voix" (#), n. [F.
abattre to beat down + voix voice.]
The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.
Ab*awed" (#), p.p. [Perh. p.p.
of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr.
L. ad + balbus stammering.] Astonished;
abashed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Ab*ax"i*al (#), Ab*ax"ile (#),}
a. [L. ab + axis
axle.] (Bot.) Away from the axis or central
line; eccentric.
Balfour.
A*bay" (#), n. [OF.
abay barking.] Barking; baying of dogs upon
their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]
Abb (#), n. [AS.
\'beweb, \'beb; pref. a- +
web. See Web.] Among weaves, yarn
for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the
abb.
Ab"ba (#), n. [Syriac
abb\'be father. See Abbot.]
Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and
Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the
bishops to the patriarch.
Ab"ba*cy (#), n.; pl.
Abbacies (#). [L.
abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis,
abbot. See Abbey.] The dignity, estate, or
jurisdiction of an abbot.
Ab*ba"tial (#), a. [LL.
abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.]
Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial
rights.
Ab*bat"ic*al (#), a.
Abbatial. [Obs.]
\'d8Ab"b\'82` (#), n.[F.
abb\'82. See Abbot.] The French
word answering to the English abbot, the head of an
abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every
one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress.
\'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social
parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of
the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary
and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be
applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally.
Littr\'82.
Ab"bess (#), n.
[OF.abaesse, abeesse, F.
abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of
abbas, abbatis, abbot. See
Abbot.] A female superior or governess of a
nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the
nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See
Abbey.
Ab"bey (#), n.; pl.
Abbeys (#). [OF.
aba\'8be, F. abbaye, L. abbatia,
fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.] 1. A
monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the
world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic
building or buildings.
monks, and governed by
an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by
an abbess.
2. The church of a monastery.
<-- p. 3 -->
In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey,
and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name
is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey;
as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord
Byron.
Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See
Cloister.
Ab"bot (#), n. [AS.
abbod, abbad, L. abbas,
abbatis, Gr. /, fr. Syriac abb\'be
father. Cf. Abba, Abb\'90.]
1. The superior or head of an abbey.
2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were
formerly abbeys.
Encyc. Brit.
Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to
one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot
of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in
medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in
Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason.
Encyc. Brit.
Ab"bot*ship (#), n.
[Abbot + -ship.] The state
or office of an abbot.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abbreviated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abbreviating.] [L.
abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad +
breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See
Abridge.] 1. To make briefer; to
shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission,
especially of words written or spoken.
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting,
another by cutting off.
Bacon.
2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as
a fraction.
Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), a. [L.
abbreviatus, p.p.] 1. Abbreviated;
abridged; shortened. [R.] \'bdThe
abbreviate form.\'b8
Earle.
2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively
shorter than another or than the ordinary type.
Ab*bre"vi*ate, n. An abridgment.
[Obs.]
Elyot.
Ab*bre"vi*a`ted (#), a.
Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.
Ab*bre`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
abbreviatio: cf. F. abbr\'82viation.]
1. The act of shortening, or reducing.
2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment.
Tylor.
3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by
contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a
word or phrase of which they are a part; as,
Gen. for Genesis;
U.S.A. for United States of
America.
4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the
stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers,
semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers.
Moore.
Ab*bre"vi*a`tor (#), n. [LL.:
cf. F. abbr\'82viateur.] 1. One
who abbreviates or shortens.
2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the
papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on
a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards
expand the minute into official form.
Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening;
abridging.
Ab*bre"vi*a*ture (#), n. 1.
An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form.
[Obs.]
2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.
This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty
of a Christian.
Jer. Taylor.
Abb" wool (#). See Abb.
A B C" (#). 1. The first three
letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.
2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first
elements of reading. [Obs.]
3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as,
the A B C of finance.
A B C book, a primer.
Shak.
\'d8Ab"dal (#), n. [Ar.
bad\'c6l, pl. abd\'bel, a substitute, a
good, religious man, saint, fr. badala to change,
substitute.] A religious devotee or dervish in
Persia.
Ab*de"ri*an (#), a. [From
Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus,
the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.] Given to
laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.
Ab*de"rite (#), n. [L.
Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '/.]
An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace.
The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing
Philosopher.
Ab"dest (#), n. [Per.
\'bebdast; ab water + dast
hand.] Purification by washing the hands before
prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite.
Heyse.
Ab"di*ca*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abdicated.
Ab"di*cant (#), a. [L.
abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.]
Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders.
Whitlock.
Ab"di*cant, n. One who abdicates.
Smart.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abdicated
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abdicating.] [L. abdicatus,
p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim,
akin to dicere to say. See Diction.]
1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power;
to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high
office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the
throne, the crown, the papacy.
abdicate was held to mean, in
the case of James II., to abandon without a formal
surrender.
The cross-bearers abdicated their service.
Gibbon.
2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of
authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.
He abdicates all right to be his own governor.
Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions.
Froude.
3. To reject; to cast off.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel
from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to
disinherit.
Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake;
abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To
Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly
expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding
up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the
government. Resign is applied to the act of any
person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the
hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister
resigns, a military officer resigns, a
clerk resigns. The expression, \'bdThe king
resigned his crown,\'b8 sometimes occurs in our later
literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There
are other senses of resign which are not here brought
into view.
Ab"di*cate (#), v.i. To
relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or
dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he
cannot abdicate for the monarchy.
Burke.
Ab`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.]
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office,
dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary
renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of
the throne, government, power, authority.
Ab"di*ca*tive (#), a. [L.
abdicativus.] Causing, or implying,
abdication. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
abdicates.
Ab"di*tive (#), a. [L.
abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.]
Having the quality of hiding. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab"di*to*ry (#), n. [L.
abditorium.] A place for hiding or
preserving articles of value.
Cowell.
Ab*do"men (#), n. [L.
abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F.
abdomen.] 1. (Anat.)
The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and
the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the
peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera.
In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and
the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the
pelvic cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The posterior section of
the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other
Arthropoda.
Ab*dom"i*nal (#), a. [Cf. F.
abdominal.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions,
muscles, cavity.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having abdominal fins;
belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal
fishes.
Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied
ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and
superior to the pubes; -- called also inguinal
ring.
Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl.
Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales.
A fish of the group Abdominales.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"les (#), n. pl.
[NL., masc. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group
including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine
ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the
pectorals.
\'d8Ab*dom`i*na"li*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., neut. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
cirripeds having abdominal appendages.
Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py (#), n. [L.
abdomen + Gr. / to examine.] (Med.)
Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal
disease.
Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic (#), a.
Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.
Ab*dom"i*nous (#), a. Having a
protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan,
Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan.
Cowper.
Ab*duce" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abduced (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] [L.
abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead.
See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw
or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part.
[Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object
will not duplicate.
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*duct" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abducted
(#); p.pr. & vb.n.
Abducting.] [L. abductus,
p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]
1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry
away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to
kidnap.
2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its
ordinary position.
Ab*duc"tion (#), n. [L.
abductio: cf. F. abduction.]
1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing
apart; a carrying away.
Roget.
2. (Physiol.) The movement which
separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of
the body.
3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the
forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the
abduction of a child, the abduction of an
heiress.
4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of
argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only
probable.
Ab*duc"tor (#), n. [NL.]
1. One who abducts.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw
a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the
abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.
A*beam" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + beam.] (Naut.)
On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle
with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's
side.
A*bear" (#), v.t. [AS.
\'beberan; pref. \'be- + beran
to bear.] 1. To bear; to behave.
[Obs.]
So did the faery knight himself abear.
Spenser.
2. To put up with; to endure.
[Prov.]
Dickens.
A*bear"ance (#), n.
Behavior. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
A*bear"ing, n. Behavior.
[Obs.]
Sir. T. More.
A`be*ce*da"ri*an (#), n. [L.
abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the
alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the
alphabet; hence, a tyro.
2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet.
Wood.
{ A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry
(#), } a. Pertaining to, or formed
by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence,
rudimentary.
Abecedarian psalms, hymns,
etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew)
distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of
the alphabet.
Hook.
A`be*ce"da*ry (#), n. A primer;
the first principle or rudiment of anything.
[R.]
Fuller.
A*bed" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- in, on + bed.] 1. In
bed, or on the bed.
Not to be abed after midnight.
Shak.
2. To childbed (in the phrase \'bdbrought
abed,\'b8 that is, delivered of a child).
Shak.
A*beg"ge (#). Same as Aby.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bele" (#), n. [D.
abeel (abeel-boom), OF.
abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L.
albus white.] The white polar (Populus
alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow.
Mrs. Browning.
{ A*bel"i*an (#), A"bel*ite
(#), A`bel*o"ni*an (#), }
n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in
Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that
they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they
pretended, of Abel.
A"bel*mosk` (#), n. [NL.
abelmoschus, fr. Ar.
abu-l-misk father of musk,
i.e., producing musk. See
Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub
(Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus), of
the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds
are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called
musk mallow.
Ab` er-de-vine" (#), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small
green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.
Ab*err" (#), v.i. [L.
aberrare. See Aberrate.] To
wander; to stray. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ Ab*er"rance (#), Ab*er"ran*cy
(#), } n. State of being aberrant;
a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude,
etc.
Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the
deviation of a curve from a circular form.
Ab*er"rant (#), a. [L.
aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of
aberrare.] See Aberr.] 1.
Wandering; straying from the right way.
2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary
or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must
have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory,
have been exterminated.
Darwin.
Ab"er*rate (#), v.i. [L.
aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab +
errare to wander. See Err.] To go
astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision.
De Quincey.
Ab`er*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See
Aberrate.] 1. The act of wandering;
deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the
natural state, or from a type. \'bdThe
aberration of youth.\'b8 Hall.
\'bdAberrations from theory.\'b8 Burke.
2. A partial alienation of reason.
\'bdOccasional aberrations of intellect.\'b8
Lingard.
Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a
single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form.
I. Taylor.
3. (Astron.) A small periodical change
of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the
combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the
observer; called annual aberration, when the
observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and
dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the
earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case,
to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary
aberration is that due to the motion of light and the
motion of the planet relative to the earth.
4. (Opt.) The convergence to different
foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one
and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single
focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the
spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different
foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic
aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the
colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a
distinct focus.
5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or
other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.
6. (Law) The producing of an unintended
effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended
for A glances and strikes B.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation;
mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See
Insanity.
Ab`er*ra"tion*al (#), a.
Characterized by aberration.
Ab`e*run"cate (#), v.t. [L.
aberuncare, for aberruncare. See
Averruncate.] To weed out.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab`e*run"ca*tor (#), n. A
weeding machine.
A*bet" (#), v.t.
[imp. & p.p. Abetted (#);
p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.]
[OF. abeter; a (L. ad) +
beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita
to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel.
b\'c6ta to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See
Bait, Bet.] 1. To instigate
or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of
persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to
abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice;
to abet an insurrection. \'bdThe whole tribe
abets the villany.\'b8
South.
Would not the fool abet the stealth,
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth?
Gay.
2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a
good sense. [Obs.].
Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted.
Jer. Taylor.
3. (Law)To contribute, as an assistant
or instigator, to the commission of an offense.
Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment;
advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist;
support; sustain; back; connive at.
A*bet" (#), n. [OF.
abet, fr. abeter.] Act of
abetting; aid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bet"ment (#), n. The act of
abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime,
etc.
A*bet"tal (#), n.
Abetment. [R.]
<-- p. 4 -->
{ A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor }
(#), n. One who abets; an instigator of
an offense or an offender.
abettor is the legal term and
also in general use.
Syn. -- Abettor, Accessory,
Accomplice. These words denote different
degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An
abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act,
without sharing in its performance. An accessory
supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor
in an offense, nor present at its performance, but
accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by
some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging,
aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An
accomplice is one who participates in the commission
of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in
treason, there are no abettors or
accessories, but all are held to be principals or
accomplices.
Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion (#), n.
[Pref. ab- + evacuation.]
(Med.) A partial evacuation.
Mayne.
A*bey"ance (#), n. [OF.
abeance expectation, longing; a (L.
ad) + baer, beer, to gape, to
look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer, LL.
badare to gape.] 1. (Law)
Expectancy; condition of being undetermined.
abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering
it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a
proper owner appears.
Blackstone.
2. Suspension; temporary suppression.
Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant
state, or state of abeyance.
De Quincey.
A*bey"an*cy (#), n.
Abeyance. [R.]
Hawthorne.
A*bey"ant (#), a. Being in a
state of abeyance.
\'d8Ab"hal (#), n. The berries
of a species of cypress in the East Indies.
Ab*hom"i*na*ble (#), a.
Abominable. [A false orthography anciently used;
h was foisted into various words; hence
abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would
call abominable.
Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.
Ab*hom`i*nal (#), a. [L.
ab away from + homo, hominis,
man.] Inhuman. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ab*hor" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abhorred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abhorring.] [L. abhorrere;
ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F.
abhorrer. See Horrid.] 1.
To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror
or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to
extremity; to loathe.
Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is
good.
Rom. xii. 9.
2. To fill with horror or disgust.
[Obs.]
It doth abhor me now I speak the word.
Shak.
3. (Canon Law) To protest against; to
reject solemnly. [Obs.]
I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul
Refuse you for my judge.
Shak.
Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See
Hate.
Ab*hor", v. i. To shrink back with
horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; --
with from. [Obs.] \'bdTo
abhor from those vices.\'b8
Udall.
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all
law.
Milton.
Ab*hor"rence (#), n. Extreme
hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.
Ab*hor"ren*cy (#), n.
Abhorrence. [Obs.]
Locke.
Ab*hor"rent (#), a. [L.
abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of
abhorrere.] 1. Abhorring;
detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence,
strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent
thoughts.
The persons most abhorrent from blood and
treason.
Burke.
The arts of pleasure in despotic courts
I spurn abhorrent.
Clover.
2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent;
-- followed by to. \'bdInjudicious profanation,
so abhorrent to our stricter principles.\'b8
Gibbon.
3. Detestable. \'bdPride,
abhorrent as it is.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv. With
abhorrence.
Ab*hor"rer (#), n. One who
abhors.
Hume.
Ab*hor"ri*ble (#), a.
Detestable. [R.]
Ab*hor"ring (#), n. 1.
Detestation.
Milton.
2. Object of abhorrence.
Isa. lxvi. 24.
\'d8A"bib (#), n. [Heb.
ab\'c6b, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called
from barley being at that time in ear.] The first
month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to
our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called
Nisan.
Kitto.
A*bid"ance (#), n. The state of
abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy
hill of Palestine.
Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules.
Helps.
A*bide" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abode (#),
formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abiding (#).] [AS.
\'beb\'c6dan; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ b\'c6dan to bide. See Bide.]
1. To wait; to pause; to delay.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's
abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with with before a
person, and commonly with at or in before a
place.
Let the damsel abide with us a few days.
Gen. xxiv. 55.
3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or
condition; to continue; to remain.
Let every man abide in the same calling.
1 Cor. vii. 20.
Followed by by: To abide by. (a)
To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by
what he said at first.
Fielding.
(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide
by a decision or an award.
A*bide", v. t. 1. To wait for;
to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I
abide my time. \'bdI will abide
the coming of my lord.\'b8
Tennyson.
[[Obs.], with a personal object.
Bonds and afflictions abide me.
Acts xx. 23.
2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.
[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it.
Tennyson.
3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up
with.
She could not abide Master Shallow.
Shak.
4. [Confused with aby to pay for. See
Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to
answer for; to suffer for.
Dearly I abide that boast so vain.
Milton.
A*bid"er (#), n. 1.
One who abides, or continues. [Obs.]
\'bdSpeedy goers and strong abiders.\'b8
Sidney.
2. One who dwells; a resident.
Speed.
A*bid"ing, a. Continuing; lasting.
A*bid"ing*ly, adv. Permanently.
Carlyle.
\'d8A"bi*es (#), n. [L., fir
tree.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees,
properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The
spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.
Ab"i*e*tene (#), n. [L.
abies, abietis, a fir tree.] A
volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine
(Pinus sabiniana) of California.
Ab`i*et"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as,
abietic acid, called also sylvic
acid.
Watts.
{ Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine }
(#), n. [See Abietene.]
(Chem.) A resinous obtained from Strasburg
turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the
boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether.
Watts.
Ab`i*e*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic
acid.
Ab"i*e*tite (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance resembling mannite, found in
the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies
pectinata).
Eng. Cyc.
Ab"i*gail (#), n. [The proper
name used as an appellative.] A lady's
waiting-maid.
Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set
of night curls for sleeping in.
Leslie.
A*bil"i*ment (#), n.
Habiliment. [Obs.]
A*bil"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abilities(#). [F.
habilet\'82, earlier spelling habilit\'82
(with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude,
ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.]
The quality or state of being able; power to perform,
whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal;
capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength,
skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty,
talent.
Then the disciples, every man according to his
ability, determined to send relief unto the
brethren.
Acts xi. 29.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that
need pruning by study.
Bacon.
The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of
ability.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability;
efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill.
Ability, Capacity. These words come
into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers.
Ability has reference to the active
exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of
mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from
mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with
which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation
carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and
the power of doing it. Capacity has
reference to the receptive powers. In its higher
exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth
of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and
retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of
resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the
extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon,
Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. \'bdCapacity,\'b8
says H. Taylor, \'bdis requisite to devise, and
ability to execute, a great enterprise.\'b8 The word
abilities, in the plural, embraces both these
qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.
A*bime" or A*byme" (#),
n. [F. ab\'8cme. See
Abysm.] A abyss. [Obs.]
Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / life + /, origin, birth.]
(Biol.) The supposed origination of living
organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve
the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called
also abiogeny, and opposed to
biogenesis.
I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be
produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of
abiogenesis.
Huxley, 1870.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ab`i*og"e*nist (#), n.
(Biol.) One who believes that life can be
produced independently of antecedent.
Huxley.
Ab`i*og"e*nous (#), a.
(Biol.) Produced by spontaneous generation.
Ab`i*og"e*ny (#), n.
(Biol.) Same as Abiogenesis.
Ab`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. biological.] Pertaining to
the study of inanimate things.
Ab*ir"ri*tant (#), n.
(Med.) A medicine that diminishes
irritation.
Ab*ir"ri*tate (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + irritate.] (Med.)
To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.
Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion (#), n.
(Med.) A pathological condition opposite to that
of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.
Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive (#), a.
(Med.) Characterized by abirritation or
debility.
A*bit" (#), 3d sing. pres. of
Abide. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ab"ject (#), a. [L.
abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away;
ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting
forth.] 1. Cast down; low-lying.
[Obs.]
From the safe shore their floating carcasses
And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown
Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood.
Milton.
2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope;
degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject
posture, fortune, thoughts. \'bdBase and
abject flatterers.\'b8 Addison. \'bdAn
abject liar.\'b8 Macaulay.
And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams.
Shak.
Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish;
ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.
Ab*ject" (#), v. t. [From
Abject, a.] To cast off or down;
hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase.
[Obs.]
Donne.
Ab"ject (#), n. A person in the
lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway.
[Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts,
know any thing of pleasure?
I. Taylor.
Ab*ject"ed*ness (#), n. A very
abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.]
Boyle.
Ab*jec"tion (#), n. [F.
abjection, L. abjectio.] 1.
The act of bringing down or humbling. \'bdThe
abjection of the king and his realm.\'b8
Joe.
2. The state of being rejected or cast out.
[R.]
An adjection from the beatific regions where God,
and his angels and saints, dwell forever.
Jer. Taylor.
3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit;
abasement; degradation.
That this should be termed baseness, abjection of
mind, or servility, is it credible?
Hooker.
Ab"ject*ly (#), adv. Meanly;
servilely.
Ab"ject*ness, n. The state of being
abject; abasement; meanness; servility.
Grew.
Ab*judge" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ab- + judge, v. Cf.
Abjudicate.] To take away by judicial
decision. [R.]
Ab*ju"di*cate (#), v. t. [L.
abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab +
judicare. See Judge, and cf.
Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence;
also, to abjudge. [Obs.]
Ash.
Ab*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n.
Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.]
Knowles.
Ab"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.]
To unyoke. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab +
jungere to join.] Exceptional.
[R.]
It is this power which leads on from the accidental and
abjunctive to the universal.
I. Taylor.
Ab`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]
1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a
renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm,
a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never
to return.
2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an
abjuration of heresy.
Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the
right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and
expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the
Pretender.
Brande & C.
Ab*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a.
Containing abjuration.
Ab*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring
(#).] [L. abjurare to deny
upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus,
juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See
Jury.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to
forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a
prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to
abandon it forever.
2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant;
to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to
abjure errors. \'bdMagic I here
abjure.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- See Renounce.
Ab*jure", v. i. To renounce on
oath.
Bp. Burnet.
Ab*jure"ment (#), n.
Renunciation. [R.]
Ab*jur"er (#), n. One who
abjures.
Ab*lac"tate (#), v. t. [L.
ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab +
lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.] To
wean. [R.]
Bailey.
Ab`lac*ta"tion (#). n. 1.
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts
from their dam.
Blount.
2. (Hort.) The process of grafting now
called inarching, or grafting by
approach.
Ab*la"que*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr.
ab + laqueus a noose.] To lay bare, as the
roots of a tree. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*la`que*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ablaqueatio.] The act or process of laying
bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and
water. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Ab`las*tem"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / growth.] (Biol.)
Non-germinal.
Ab*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of
auferre to carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of
ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See
Tolerate.] 1. A carrying or taking
away; removal.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Extirpation.
Dunglison.
3. (Geol.) Wearing away; superficial
waste.
Tyndall.
Ab`la*ti"tious (#), a.
Diminishing; as, an ablatitious
force.
Sir J. Herschel.
Ab"la*tive (#), a. [F.
ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus
fr. ablatus. See Ablation.] 1.
Taking away or removing. [Obs.]
Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion,
ablative directions are found needful to unteach
error, ere we can learn truth.
Bp. Hall.
2. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases
of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental
meaning of the case being removal,
separation, or taking away.
Ab"la*tive, (Gram.) The ablative
case.
ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in
which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either
expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and
case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being
unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as,
Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e.,
Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.
\'d8Ab"laut (#), n. [Ger.,
off-sound; ab off + laut sound.]
(Philol.) The substitution of one root vowel for
another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or
meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat,
got; sing, song; hang,
hung.
Earle.
<-- p. 5 -->
A*blaze" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blaze.] 1. On
fire; in a blaze, gleaming.
Milman.
All ablaze with crimson and gold.
Longfellow.
2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent
desire.
The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to
assist Torrijos.
Carlyle.
A"ble (#), a.
[Comp. Abler (#);
superl. Ablest (#).]
[OF. habile, L. habilis that may be
easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to
have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]
1. Fit; adapted; suitable.
[Obs.]
A many man, to ben an abbot able.
Chaucer.
2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill,
means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object;
possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end;
competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman,
soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind
able to reason; a person able to be generous;
able to endure pain; able to play on a
piano.
3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications,
or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented;
clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate;
an able speech.
No man wrote abler state papers.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Legally qualified; possessed of
legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise
property.
Able for, is Scotticism. \'bdHardly able
for such a march.\'b8
Robertson.
Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;
capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.
A"ble, v. t. [See Able,
a.] [Obs.] 1. To make
able; to enable; to strengthen.
Chaucer.
2. To vouch for. \'bdI 'll able
them.\'b8
Shak.
*a*ble (#). [F. -able, L.
-abilis.] An adjective suffix now usually
in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or
worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to
be moved; amendable, able to be amended;
blamable, fit to be blamed; salable.
The form ible is used in the
same sense.
able instead of -ible. \'bdYet a rule may
be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then,
from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival
stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all
substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -able
only.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
A`ble-bod"ied (#), a. Having a
sound, strong body; physically competent; robust.
\'bdAble-bodied vagrant.\'b8
Froude. -- A`ble-bod"ied*ness,
n..
Ab"le*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab +
legare to send with a commission. See
Legate.] To send abroad.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"le*gate (#), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A representative of the pope charged with
important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties
being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of
office.
Ab`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
ablegatio.] The act of sending
abroad. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
A`ble-mind"ed (#), a. Having much
intellectual power. --
A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.
A"ble*ness (#), n. Ability of
body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]
Ab"lep*sy (#), n. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / to see.] Blindness.
[R.]
Urquhart.
A"bler (#), a.,
comp. of Able. --
A"blest (#), a.,
superl. of Able.
Ab"let (#), Ab"len [F.
ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL.
abula, for albula, dim. of albus
white. Cf. Abele.] (Zo\'94l.) A
small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the
bleak.
Ab"li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to
tie.] To tie up so as to hinder from.
[Obs.]
Ab*lig`u*ri"tion (#), n. [L.
abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in
luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish,
dainty, fr. lingere to lick.] Prodigal
expense for food. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A"blins (#), adv. [See
Able.] Perhaps. [Scot.]
A*bloom" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + bloom.] In or into bloom;
in a blooming state.
Masson.
Ab*lude" (#), v. t. [L.
abludere; ab + ludere to play.]
To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ab"lu*ent (#), a. [L.
abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away;
ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See
Lave.] Washing away; carrying off impurities;
detergent. -- n. (Med.)
A detergent.
A*blush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + blush.] Blushing;
ruddy.
Ab*lu`tion (#), n. [L.
ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F.
ablution. See Abluent.] 1.
The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing
of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.
2. The water used in cleansing. \'bdCast the
ablutions in the main.\'b8
Pope.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine
and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index
finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing
portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the
priest.
Ab*lu"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to ablution.
Ab*lu"vi*on (#), n. [LL.
abluvio. See Abluent.] That which
is washed off. [R.]
Dwight.
A"bly (#), adv. In an able
manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned,
said.
-a*bly(#). A suffix composed of
-able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as,
favorably.
Ab"ne*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abnegating.] [L.
abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab +
negare to deny. See Deny.] To deny and
reject; to abjure.
Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.
Ab`ne*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abnegatio: cf. F. abn\'82gation.]
a denial; a renunciation.
With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of
religion, they may retain the friendship of the court.
Knox.
Ab"ne*ga*tive (#), a. [L.
abnegativus.] Denying; renouncing;
negative. [R.]
Clarke.
Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.] One
who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything.
[R.]
\'d8Ab"net (#), n. [Heb.]
The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.
Ab"no*date (#), v. t. [L.
abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab +
nodus knot.] To clear (tress) from knots.
[R.]
Blount.
Ab`no*da"tion (#), n. The act
of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.]
Crabb.
Ab*nor"mal (#), a. [For earlier
anormal.F. anormal, LL.
anormalus for anomalus, Gr. /. Confused
with L. abnormis. See Anomalous,
Abnormous, Anormal.] Not conformed
to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'bdThat deviating from the type; anomalous;
irregular. \'b8
Froude.
Ab`nor*mal"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormalities (#). 1. The
state or quality of being abnormal; variation;
irregularity.
Darwin.
2. Something abnormal.
Ab*nor"mal*ly (#), adv. In an
abnormal manner; irregularly.
Darwin.
Ab*nor"mi*ty (#), n.; pl.
Abnormities (#). [LL.
abnormitas. See Abnormous.]
Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity;
monstrosity. \'bdAn abnormity . . . like a calf
born with two heads.\'b8
Mrs. Whitney.
Ab*nor"mous (#), a. [L.
abnormis; ab + norma rule. See
Normal.] Abnormal; irregular.
Hallam.
A character of a more abnormous cast than his
equally suspected coadjutor.
State Trials.
A*board" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on, in + board.]
On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or
within a railway car.
2. Alongside; as, close
aboard.
Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike
a ship's side; to fall foul of. -- To haul the tacks
aboard, to set the courses. -- To keep the
land aboard, to hug the shore. -- To lay (a
ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside
of (a ship) for fighting.
A*board", prep. 1. On board of;
as, to go aboard a ship.
2. Across; athwart. [Obs.]
Nor iron bands aboard
The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast.
Spenser.
A*bod"ance (#), n. [See
Bode.] An omen; a portending.
[Obs.]
A*bode" (#), pret. of
Abide.
A*bode", n. [OE. abad,
abood, fr. abiden to abide. See
Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode,
imp. of abide.] 1. Act of waiting;
delay. [Obs.]
Shak.
And with her fled away without abode.
Spenser.
2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.
He waxeth at your abode here.
Fielding.
3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells;
abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.
Come, let me lead you to our poor abode.
Wordsworth.
A*bode", n. [See Bode, v.
t.] An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true
abodes.
Chapman.
A*bode", v. t. To bode; to
foreshow. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*bode", v. i. To be ominous.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
A*bode"ment (#), n. A
foreboding; an omen. [Obs.]
\'bdAbodements must not now affright us.\'b8
Shak.
A*bod"ing (#), n. A
foreboding. [Obs.]
A*bol"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abolished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abolishing.] [F. abolir, L.
abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to
grow. Cf. Finish.]
1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void;
-- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.;
as, to abolish slavery, to abolish
folly.
2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical
objects; to wipe out. [Archaic]
And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot.
Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand
Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- To Abolish, Repeal,
Abrogate, Revoke, Annul,
Nullify, Cancel. These words have
in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act.
Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent
nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to
abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery.
Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a
state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted.
Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law
by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was
usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their
act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act
by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws,
ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc.
Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous
grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke
a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise,
etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the
Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general
sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a
contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is
an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting
of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to
nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to
strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something
which has operative force.
A*bol"ish*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
abolissable.] Capable of being
abolished.
A*bol"ish*er (#), n. One who
abolishes.
A*bol"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
abolissement.] The act of abolishing;
abolition; destruction.
Hooker.
Ab"o*li"tion (#), n. [L.
abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F.
abolition. See Abolish.] The act
of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling;
abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of
slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws,
decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc.
Ab`o*li"tion*ism (#), n. The
principles or measures of abolitionists.
Wilberforce.
Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n. A person who favors
the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.
Ab`o*li`tion*ize (#), v. t. To
imbue with the principles of abolitionism.
[R.]
Bartlett.
\'d8A*bo"ma (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large South American serpent
(Boa aboma).
{ \'d8Ab`o*ma"sum (#),
\'d8Ab`o*ma"sus (#), } n.
[NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic
word.] (Anat.) The fourth or digestive stomach
of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach
omasum. See Ruminantia.
A*bom"i*na*ble (#), a. [F.
abominable. L. abominalis. See
Abominate.] 1. Worthy of, or
causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the
utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome;
execrable.
2. Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive.
[Obs.]
bomynable syght of monkes\'b8 was
elegant English for \'bda large company of friars.\'b8
G. P. Marsh.
A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being abominable; odiousness.
Bentley.
A*bom"i*na*bly (#), adv. In an
abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.
A*bom"i*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abominated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abominating.] [L.
abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate
as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a
foreboding. See Omen.] To turn from as
ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious
dread; loathe; as, to abominate all
impiety.
Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See
Hate.
A*bom`i*na"tion (#), n. [OE.
abominacioun, -cion, F.
abominatio. See Abominate.] 1.
The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence;
detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in
abomination.
2. That which is abominable; anything hateful,
wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites
disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.
Antony, most large in his abominations.
Shak.
3. A cause of pollution or wickedness.
Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust;
aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness.
Sir W. Scott.
A*boon" (#), prep. and
adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough.
Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon.
J. R. Drake.
Ab*o"ral (#), a. [L.
ab. + E. oral.] (Zo\'94l.)
Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.
\'d8A*bord" (#), n. [F.]
Manner of approaching or accosting; address.
Chesterfield.
A*bord" (#), v. t. [F.
aborder, \'85 (L. ad) +
bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See
Border, Board.] To approach; to
accost. [Obs.]
Digby.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal (#), a. [See
Aborigines.]
1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native;
as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
\'bdMantled o'er with aboriginal turf.\'b8
Wordsworth.
2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo
of aboriginal blood.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n. 1. An
original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.
2. An animal or a plant native to the region.
It may well be doubted whether this frog is an
aboriginal of these islands.
Darwin.
Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being aboriginal.
Westm. Rev.
Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly (#), adv.
Primarily.
Ab`o*rig"i*ness (#), n. pl. [L.
Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the
first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab
origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See
Origin.] 1. The earliest known
inhabitants of a country; native races.
2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical
area
A*borse"ment (#), n. Abortment;
abortion. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
A*bor"sive (#), a.
Abortive. [Obs.]
Fuller.
A*bort" (#), v. i. [L.
abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of
aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born.
See Orient.]
1. To miscarry; to bring forth young
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) To become checked in normal
development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away
wholly; to become sterile.
A*bort", n. [L. abortus, fr.
aboriri.] 1. An untimely
birth. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.]
Holland.
A*bort"ed, a. 1. Brought forth
prematurely.
2. (Biol.) Rendered abortive or sterile;
undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage;
as, spines are aborted branches.
The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted
in their mature state.
Owen.
A*bor"ti*cide (#), n. [L.
abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.]
(Med.) The act of destroying a fetus in the womb;
feticide.
A*bor`ti*fa"cient (#), a. [L.
abortus (see Abort, v.) +
faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.]
Producing miscarriage. -- n. A drug
or an agent that causes premature delivery.
A*bor"tion (#), n. [L.
abortio, fr. aboriri. See
Abort.] 1. The act of giving
premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus
prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life;
miscarriage.
abortion, \'bdcausing or procuring
abortion\'b8 is the full name of the offense.
Abbott.
<-- p. 6 -->
2. The immature product of an untimely birth.
3. (Biol.) Arrest of development of any
organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is
absorbed.
4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to
maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured
or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved
an abortiori.
A*bor"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive.
Carlyle.
A*bor"tion*ist, n. One who procures
abortion or miscarriage.
A*bor"tive (#), a. [L.
abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort,
v.] 1. Produced by abortion; born
prematurely; as, an abortive child.
[R.]
2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal;
as, abortive vellum. [Obs.]
3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual.
[Obs.] \'bdPlunged in that abortive
gulf.\'b8
Milton.
4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect;
miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an
abortive attempt. \'bdAn abortive
enterprise.\'b8
Prescott.
5. (Biol.) Imperfectly formed or
developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive
organ, stamen, ovule, etc.
6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion;
as, abortive medicines. Parr.
(b) Cutting short; as, abortive
treatment of typhoid fever.
A*bor"tive, n. 1. That which is
born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. A fruitless effort or issue.
[Obs.]
3. A medicine to which is attributed the property
of causing abortion.<-- now usu. abortifacient. -->
Dunglison.
A*bor"tive*ly, adv. In an abortive or
untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.
A*bor"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
abortive.
A*bort"ment (#), n.
Abortion. [Obs.]
A*bought" (#), imp. & p. p. of
Aby. [Obs.]
A*bound" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abounding.] [OE.
abounden, F. abonder, fr. L.
abundare to overflow, abound; ab + unda
wave. Cf. Undulate.] 1. To be in
great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.
The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the
continent of Europe.
Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more
abound.
Rom. v. 20.
2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by
in or with.
To abound in, to posses in such abundance as
to be characterized by. -- To abound with, to
be filled with; to possess in great numbers.
Men abounding in natural courage.
Macaulay.
A faithful man shall abound with blessings.
Prov. xxviii. 20.
It abounds with cabinets of curiosities.
Addison.
A*bout" (#), prep. [OE.
aboute, abouten, abuten; AS.
\'bebutan, onbutan; on + butan,
which is from be by + utan outward, from
ut out. See But, Out.]
1. Around; all round; on every side of.
\'bdLook about you.\'b8 Shak. \'bdBind them
about thy neck.\'b8 Prov. iii. 3.
2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity
or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's
person). \'bdHave you much money about you?\'b8
Bulwer.
3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over
in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in;
throughout.
Lampoons . . . were handed about the
coffeehouses.
Macaulay.
Roving still about the world.
Milton.
4. Near; not far from; -- determining approximately
time, size, quantity. \'bdTo-morrow, about
this time.\'b8 Exod. ix. 18. \'bdAbout my
stature.\'b8 Shak.
He went out about the third hour.
Matt. xx. 3.
5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on.
I must be about my Father's business.
Luke ii. 49.
6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive:
On the point or verge of; going; in act of.
Paul was now aboutto open his mouth.
Acts xviii. 14.
7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of;
touching. \'bdTo treat about thy ransom.\'b8
Milton.
She must have her way about Sarah.
Trollope.
A*bout", adv. 1. On all sides;
around.
'Tis time to look about.
Shak.
2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way;
around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of
a mile across.
3. Here and there; around; in one place and
another.
Wandering about from house to house.
1 Tim. v. 13.
4. Nearly; approximately; with close
correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as,
about as cold; about as high; -- also of
quantity, number, time. \'bdThere fell . . .
about three thousand men.\'b8
Exod. xxii. 28.
5. To a reserved position; half round; in the
opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face
about; to turn one's self about.
To bring about, to cause to take place; to
accomplish. -- To come about, to occur; to
take place. See under Come. -- To go
about, To set about, to undertake; to
arrange; to prepare. \'bdShall we set about some
revels? Shak. -- Round about, in
every direction around.
A*bout"-sledge" (#), n. The
largest hammer used by smiths.
Weale.
A*bove" (#), prep. [OE.
above, aboven, abuffe, AS.
abufon; an (or on) on +
be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth.
uf under. \'fb199. See Over.]
1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over
the upper surface; over; -- opposed to below or
beneath.
Fowl that may fly above the earth.
Gen. i. 20.
2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any
respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than;
as, things above comprehension; above mean
actions; conduct above reproach. \'bdThy
worth . . . is actions above my gifts.\'b8
Marlowe.
I saw in the way a light from heaven above the
brightness of the sun.
Acts xxxvi. 13.
3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than;
as, above a hundred. (Passing into the
adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.)
above all, before every other consideration;
chiefly; in preference to other things.
Over and above, prep. or adv.,
besides; in addition to.
A*bove" (#), adv. 1.
In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as,
the clouds above.
2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page;
hence, in a foregoing page. \'bdThat was said
above.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to
the court above.
4. More than; as, above five hundred
were present.
Above is often used elliptically as an adjective
by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or
the like; as, the above observations, the
above reference, the above articles. --
Above is also used substantively. \'bdThe waters that
come down from above.\'b8
Josh. iii. 13.
It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of
before, previously; as,
above-cited, above-described,
above-mentioned, above-named,
abovesaid, abovespecified,
above-written, above-given.
A*bove"board` (#), adv. Above
the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick,
concealment, or deception. \'bdFair and
aboveboard.\'b8
Burke.
A*bove"-cit`ed (#), a. Cited
before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.
A*bove"deck` (#), a. On deck;
and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice.
Smart.
A*bove"-men`tioned (#),
A*bove"-named`(#), a.
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.
A*bove"said` (#), a. Mentioned
or recited before.
A*box" (#), adv. & a.
(Naut.) Braced aback.
Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra (#), n. [L. Of
unknown origin.] A mystical word or collocation of
letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was
supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly
in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.
Ab*ra"dant (#), n. A material
used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.
Ab*rade" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abrading.] [L.
abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab +
radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.]
To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction;
as, to abrade rocks.
Lyell.
A*brade" (#), v. t. Same as
Abraid. [Obs.]
A`bra*ham"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic
covenant.
A`bra*ham*it"ic, *ic*al(#),
a. Relating to the patriarch Abraham.
A"bra*ham-man`(#) or
A"bram-man`(#), n.
[Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus
in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).] One
of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England,
feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms.
Nares.
To sham Abraham, to feign sickness.
Goldsmith.
A*braid" (#), v. t. & i. [OE.
abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword), AS.
\'bebredgan to shake, draw; pref. \'be-
(cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See
Braid.] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start
up; also, to shout out. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*bran"chi*al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Abranchiate.
\'d8A*bran`chi*a"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / priv. + /, pl., the gills of
fishes.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of annelids, so
called because the species composing it have no special organs of
respiration.
A*bran"chi*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without gills.
Ab*rase" (#), a. [L.
abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See
Abrade.] Rubbed smooth.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abrase table.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Ab*ra"sion (#), n. [L.
abrasio, fr. abradere. See
Abrade.] 1. The act of abrading,
wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as,
the abrasion of coins.
2. The substance rubbed off.
Berkeley.
3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation,
with loss of substance under the form of small shreds.
Dunglison.
Ab*ra"sive (#), a. Producing
abrasion.
Ure.
A*braum" or A*braum" salts
(#), n. [Ger., fr.
abr\'84umen to remove.] A red ocher used to
darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.
\'d8A*brax"as (#), n. [A name
adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek
letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e,
\'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was
used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of
his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and
engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus
engraved.
A*bray" (#), v. [A false form
from the preterit abraid, abrayde.]
See Abraid. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*breast" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + breast.] 1. Side
by side, with breasts in a line; as, \'bdTwo men could hardly
walk abreast.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite;
over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with
of.
3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced;
as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state
of science.
4. At the same time; simultaneously.
[Obs.]
Abreast therewith began a convocation.
Fuller.
A*breg"ge (#), v. t. See
Abridge. [Obs.]
Ab`re*nounce" (#), v. t. [L.
abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See
Renounce.] To renounce.
[Obs.] \'bdThey abrenounce and cast them
off.\'b8
Latimer.
Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion (#), n.
[LL. abrenuntiatio. See
Abrenounce.] Absolute renunciation or
repudiation. [Obs.]
An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long
had professed, and still believed.
Fuller.
Ab*rep"tion (#), n. [L.
abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away;
ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching
away. [Obs.]
\'d8A`breu`voir" (#), n. [F., a
watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or
interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar.
Gwilt.
A"bri*cock (#), n. See
Apricot. [Obs.]
A*bridge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abridged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abridging.] [OE. abregen,
OF. abregier, F. abr\'82ger, fr. L.
abbreviare; ad + brevis short. See
Brief and cf. Abbreviate.] 1.
To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to
diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to
abridge power or rights. \'bdThe bridegroom .
. . abridged his visit.\'b8
Smollett.
She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her
train from state to necessity.
Fuller.
2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet
retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to
abridge a history or dictionary.
3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by
of, and formerly by from; as, to
abridge one of his rights.
A*bridg"er (#), n. One who
abridges.
A*bridg"ment (#), n. [OE.
abregement. See Abridge.] 1.
The act abridging, or the state of being abridged;
diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an
abridgment of pleasures or of expenses.
2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened
or abridged form; an abbreviation.
Ancient coins as abridgments of history.
Addison.
3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an
entertainment that makes the time pass quickly.
[Obs.]
What abridgment have you for this evening? What
mask? What music?
Shak.
Syn. -- Abridgment, Compendium,
Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis.
An abridgment is made by omitting the less
important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment
of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of
a subject, or science, for common use; as, a
compendium of American literature. An
epitome corresponds to a compendium, and
gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an
epitome of history. An abstract is a brief
statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is
a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several
parts.
A*broach" (#), v. t. [OE.
abrochen, OF. abrochier. See
Broach.] To set abroach; to let out, as
liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*broach", adv. [Pref. a- +
broach.] 1. Broached; in a
condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is
tapped.
Hogsheads of ale were set abroach.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated;
afoot; astir. \'bdMischiefs that I set
abroach.\'b8
Shak.
A*broad" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + broad.] 1. At
large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads
its branches abroad.
The fox roams far abroad.
Prior.
2. Without a certain confine; outside the house;
away from one's abode; as, to walk
abroad.
I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court
abroad.
Evelyn.
3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign
countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies
abroad. \'bdAnother prince . . . was living
abroad.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. Before the public at large; throughout society
or the world; here and there; widely.
He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze
abroad the matter.
Mark i. 45.
To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the
mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your
guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.
Ab"ro*ga*ble (#), a. Capable of
being abrogated.
Ab"ro*gate (#), a. [L.
abrogatus, p. p.]
Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.]
Latimer.
Ab"ro*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abrogating.] [L.
abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab +
rogare to ask, require, propose. See
Rogation.] 1. To annul by an
authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or
his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws,
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.
Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what
we so frequently see in the Old.
South.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not
alter or abrogate.
Burke.
2. To put an end to; to do away with.
Shak.
Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke;
repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish.
Ab`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F.
abrogation.] The act of abrogating; repeal
by authority.
Hume.
Ab"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Tending
or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative
law.
Ab"ro*ga`tor (#), n. One who
repeals by authority.
A*brood" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + brood.] In the act of
brooding. [Obs.]
Abp. Sancroft.
A*brook" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + brook, v.] To brook; to
endure. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab*rupt" (#), a. [L.
abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off;
ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]
1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks,
precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt
places. \'bdTumbling through ricks
abrupt,\'b8
Thomson.
2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the
event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. \'bdThe cause of your
abrupt departure.\'b8
Shak.
3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to
another; unconnected.
The abrupt style, which hath many breaches.
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 7 -->
<-- end of search for ? marks 11-30-94 -->
4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if
cut off.
Gray.
Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt;
unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.
Ab*rupt" (#), n. [L.
abruptum.] An abrupt place.
[Poetic] \'bdOver the vast
abrupt.\'b8
Milton.
Ab*rupt", v. t. To tear off or
asunder. [Obs.] \'bdTill death
abrupts them.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*rup"tion (#), n. [L.
abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F.
abruption.] A sudden breaking off; a
violent separation of bodies.
Woodward.
Ab*rupt"ly, adv. 1. In an
abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms;
suddenly.
2. Precipitously.
Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate
without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end.
Gray.
Ab*rupt"ness, n. 1. The state
of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness;
steepness.
2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence;
as, abruptness of style or manner.
Ab"scess (#), n.; pl.
Abscesses (#). [L.
abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess,
fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go
away; ab, abs + cedere to go
off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.) A
collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of
the body, the result of a morbid process.
Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation,
unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary
abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency
towards healing; a chronic abscess.
Ab*sces"sion (#), n. [L.
abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See
Abscess.] A separating; removal; also, an
abscess. [Obs.]
Gauden. Barrough.
Ab*scind" (#), v. t. [L.
absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See
Schism.] To cut off. [R.]
\'bdTwo syllables . . . abscinded from the rest.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*sci"sion (#), n. [L.
abscisio.] See Abscission.
Ab"sciss (#), n.; pl.
Abscisses (#). See
Abscissa.
Ab*scis"sa (#), n.; E. pl.
Abscissas, L. pl. Absciss\'91.
[L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of
absindere to cut of. See Abscind.]
(Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which
a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed
rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes. When referred to two
intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or
of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the
abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the
axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of
Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a
common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance
measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane
of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are
called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the abscissa of
the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting
lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates
respectively, and the point O their origin.
Ab*scis"sion (#), n. [L.
abscissio. See Abscind.] 1.
The act or process of cutting off. \'bdNot to be cured
without the abscission of a member.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
2. The state of being cut off.
Sir T. Browne.
3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed
when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus,
\'bdHe is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such
generosity -- but I need say no more.\'b8
Ab*scond" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Absconded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absconding.] [L.
abscondere to hide; ab, abs +
condere to lay up; con + d\'ddre (only in comp.)
to put. Cf. Do.] 1. To hide,
withdraw, or be concealed.
The marmot absconds all winter.
Ray.
2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and
secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to
avoid a legal process; as, an absconding
debtor.
That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so
many recruits to abscond.
Macaulay.
Ab*scond", v. t. To hide; to
conceal. [Obs.]
Bentley.
Ab*scond"ence (#), n. Fugitive
concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.]
Phillips.
Ab*scond"er (#), n. One who
absconds.
Ab"sence (#), n. [F., fr. L.
absentia. See Absent.] 1.
A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from
companionship; -- opposed to presence.
Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my
absence.
Phil. ii. 12.
2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. \'bdIn the
absence of conventional law.\'b8
Kent.
3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of
mind); as, absence of mind.
\'bdReflecting on the little absences and distractions
of mankind.\'b8
Addison.
To conquer that abstraction which is called
absence.
Landor.
Ab"sent (#), a. [F., fr.
absens, absentis, p. pr. of
abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be.
Cf. Sooth.] 1. Being away from a
place; withdrawn from a place; not present. \'bdExpecting
absent friends.\'b8
Shak.
2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was
rudimental or absent.
3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded;
preoccupied; as, an absent air.
What is commonly called an absent man is commonly
either a very weak or a very affected man.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- Absent, Abstracted.
These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding
objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts
wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse;
we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually
for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some
weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is
usually the result of loose habits of thought;
abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing
interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of
association.
Ab*sent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Absenting.] [Cf. F.
absenter.] 1. To take or withdraw
(one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; --
used with the reflexive pronoun.
If after due summons any member absents himself, he
is to be fined.
Addison.
2. To withhold from being present.
[Obs.] \'bdGo; for thy stay, not free,
absents thee more.\'b8
Milton.
Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous (#), a. [LL.
absentaneus. See absent]
Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]
Ab`sen*ta"tion (#), n. The act
of absenting one's self.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ab`sen*tee" (#), n. One who
absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty;
especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district
than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish
absentee.
Macaulay.
Ab`sen*tee"ism (#), n. The
state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting
one's self from the country or district where one's estate is
situated.
Ab*sent"er (#), n. One who
absents one's self.
Ab"sent*ly (#), adv. In an
absent or abstracted manner.
Ab*sent"ment (#), n. The state
of being absent; withdrawal. [R.]
Barrow.
Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a. Absent
in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n. --
Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.
Ab"sent*ness (#), n. The
quality of being absent-minded.
H. Miller.
Ab"sey-book`(#), n. An A-B-C
book; a primer. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ab"sin"thate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a
base or positive radical.
{ Ab"sinth`, Ab"sinthe` }
(#), n. [F. absinthe. See
Absinthium.] 1. The plant absinthium
or common wormwood.
2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood
and brandy or alcohol.
Ab*sin"thi*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.
Ab*sin"thi*an (#), n. Of the
nature of wormwood. \'bdAbsinthian
bitterness.\'b8
T. Randolph.
Ab"sin"thi*ate (#), v. t. [From
L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus,
a.] To impregnate with wormwood.
Ab*sin"thi*a`ted (#), a.
Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated
wine.
Ab*sin"thic (#), a.
(Chem.) Relating to the common wormwood or to an
acid obtained from it.
Ab*sin"thin (#), n.
(Chem.) The bitter principle of wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium).
Watts.
Ab"sin*thism (#), n. The
condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of
absinth.
Ab*sin"thi*um (#), n. [L., from
Gr. /.] (Bot.) The common wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant,
used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.
Ab"sis (#), n. See
Apsis.
Ab*sist" (#), v. i. [L.
absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab +
sistere to stand, causal of stare.]
To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Ab*sist"ence (#), n. A standing
aloof. [Obs.]
Ab"so*lute (#), a. [L.
absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F.
absolu. See Absolve.] 1.
Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled;
unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority,
monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command;
absolute power; an absolute monarch.
2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate;
faultless; as, absolute perfection;
absolute beauty.
So absolute she seems,
And in herself complete.
Milton.
3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or
without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed
to relative and comparative;
as, absolute motion; absolute time or
space.
Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain
to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from
relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him
in his social relations.
4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on
any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing.
the Absolute
by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the
universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of
relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as
dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually
depending forces and their laws.
5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself
alone; unconditioned; non-relative.
the absolute, as thus defined,
can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.
To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the
recent philosophy of the absolute.
Sir W. Hamilton.
6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful.
[R.]
I am absolute 't was very Cloten.
Shak.
7. Authoritative; peremptory.
[R.]
The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head,
With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed.
Mrs. Browning.
8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as,
absolute alcohol.
9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on
the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case
absolute. See Ablative absolute, under
Ablative.
Absolute curvature (Geom.), that
curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in
the osculating plane of the curve. -- Absolute
equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and
eccentric equations. -- Absolute space
(Physics), space considered without relation to
material limits or objects. -- Absolute terms.
(Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain
the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. --
Absolute temperature (Physics), the
temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general
thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute
zero. -- Absolute zero (Physics),
the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute
temperature. It is equivalent to -273
Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional;
unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic;
autocratic.
Ab"so*lute (#), n.
(Geom.) In a plane, the two imaginary circular
points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary
circle at infinity.
Ab"so*lute*ly, adv. In an absolute,
independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.
Ab"so*lute*ness, n. The quality of being
absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness;
absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.
Ab`so*lu"tion (#), n. [F.
absolution, L. absolutio, fr.
absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.]
1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin,
or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. \'bdGovernment . . .
granting absolution to the nation.\'b8
Froude.
2. (Civil Law) An acquittal, or sentence
of a judge declaring and accused person innocent.
[Obs.]
3. (R. C. Ch.) The exercise of priestly
jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics
believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven.
4. (Eccl.) An absolving from
ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication.
P. Cyc.
5. The form of words by which a penitent is
absolved.
Shipley.
6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday
before Easter.
Ab"so*lu`tism (#), n. 1.
The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the
absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary
government; despotism.
The element of absolutism and prelacy was
controlling.
Palfrey.
2. (Theol.) Doctrine of absolute
decrees.
Ash.
Ab"so*lu`tist (#), n. 1.
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic
government.
2. (Metaph.) One who believes that it is
possible to realize a cognition or concept of the
absolute.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Ab"so*lu`tist, a. Of or pertaining to
absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist
principles.
Ab`so*lu*tis"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.
Ab*sol"u*to*ry (#), a. [L.
absolutorius, fr. absolvere to
absolve.] Serving to absolve; absolving. \'bdAn
absolutory sentence.\'b8
Ayliffe.
Ab*solv"a*ble (#), a. That may
be absolved.
Ab*solv"a*to*ry (#), a.
Conferring absolution; absolutory.
Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absolved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absolving.] [L. absolvere to
set free, to absolve; ab + solvere to loose. See
Assoil, Solve.] 1. To set
free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or
responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as
it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as,
to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to
absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and
remission of his punishment.
Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen.
Macaulay.
2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a
sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.
In his name I absolve your perjury.
Gibbon.
3. To finish; to accomplish.
[Obs.]
The work begun, how soon absolved.
Milton.
4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.]
\'bdWe shall not absolve the doubt.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To Absolve, Exonerate,
Acquit. We speak of a man as
absolved from something that binds his conscience, or
involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from
allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We
speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released
from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to
exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from
blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of
a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made
in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a
jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted
of all participation in the crime.
Ab*solv"ent (#), a. [L.
absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.]
Absolving. [R.]
Carlyle.
Ab*solv"ent, n. An absolver.
[R.]
Hobbes.
Ab*solv"er (#), n. One who
absolves.
Macaulay.
Ab"so*nant (#), a. [L. ab
+ sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]
Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to
consonant. \'bdAbsonant to
nature.\'b8
Quarles.
Ab"so*nous (#), a. [L.
absonus; ab + sonus sound.]
Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous.
[Obs.] \'bdAbsonous to our reason.\'b8
Glanvill.
Ab*sorb" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Absorbed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Absorbing.] [L. absorbere;
ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. /: cf. F.
absorber.] 1. To swallow up; to
engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing
up; to use up; to include. \'bdDark oblivion soon
absorbs them all.\'b8
Cowper.
The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion.
W. Irving.
2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge
or as the lacteals of the body.
Bacon.
3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully;
as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of
wealth.
4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any
molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So
heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up
in the substances into which they pass.
Nichol.
p. 8
Syn. -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow
up, Engulf. These words agree in one
general idea, that of completely taking up. They are
chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a
reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as
absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or
some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a
person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the
gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his
whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the
attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger
image) as swallowed up and lost in that which
completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the
death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak
of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf)
takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in
misery, ruin, etc.
That grave question which had begun to absorb the
Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy.
Milman.
Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage,
And sunk to softness all our tragic rage.
Tickell.
Should not the sad occasion swallow up
My other cares?
Addison.
And in destruction's river
Engulf and swallow those.
Sir P. Sidney.
Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
state or quality of being absorbable.
Graham (Chemistry).
Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. [Cf. F.
absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or
swallowed up.
Kerr.
Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv. In a manner as if
wholly engrossed or engaged.
Ab*sorb"en*cy (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*sorb"ent (#), a. [L.
absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.]
Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive.
Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground
prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors,
by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the
colors.
Ab*sorb"ent, n. 1. Anything
which absorbs.
The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat.
Darwin.
2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs
and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as
magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts
on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated
parts.
3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels
by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the
lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in
plants.
Ab*sorb"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, absorbs.
Ab*sorb"ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing;
as, an absorbing pursuit. --
Ab*sorb"ing, adv.
Ab`sor*bi"tion (#), n.
Absorption. [Obs.]
Ab*sorpt` (#), a. [L.
absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed.
[Arcahic.] \'bdAbsorpt in care.\'b8
Pope.
Ab*sorp"tion (#), n. [L.
absorptio, fr. absorbere. See
Absorb.] 1. The act or process of
absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made
to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a
whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a
larger.
2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or
reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the
absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.
3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the
process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are
absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.
4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind;
as, absorption in some employment.
Ab*sorp"tive (#), a. Having
power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe.
E. Darwin.
Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being absorptive; absorptive power.
Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty (#), n.
Absorptiveness.
Ab*squat"u*late (#), v. i. To
take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U.
S.]
\'d8Abs"que hoc (#). [L., without
this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used
in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.
Ab*stain" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abstained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen,
abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir,
F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere,
abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab,
abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.]
To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily,
and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites;
-- with from.
Not a few abstained from voting.
Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt?
Shak.
Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give
up; relinquish.
Ab*stain", v. t. To hinder; to
withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying.
Milton.
Ab*stain"er (#), n. One who
abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating
liquors.
Ab*ste"mi*ous (#), a. [L.
abstemius; ab, abs + root of
temetum intoxicating drink.] 1.
Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin
sense.]
Under his special eye
Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain.
Milton.
2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of
food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the
indulgence of the appetite or passions.
Instances of longevity are chiefly among the
abstemious.
Arbuthnot.
3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or
moderation; as, an abstemious diet.
Gibbon.
4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an
abstemious life. \'bdOne
abstemious day.\'b8
Pope.
5. Promotive of abstemiousness.
[R.]
Such is the virtue of the abstemious well.
Dryden.
Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and
strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than
temperance.
Ab*sten"tion (#), a. [F. See
Abstain.] The act of abstaining; a holding
aloof.
Jer. Taylor.
Ab*sten"tious (#), a.
Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining.
Farrar.
Ab*sterge (#), v. t. [L.
abstergere, abstersum; ab,
abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F
absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to
wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.]
Quincy.
Ab*ster"gent (#), a. [L.
abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.]
Serving to cleanse, detergent.
Ab*ster"gent, n. A substance used in
cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an
abstergent.
Ab*sterse" (#), v. t. To
absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*ster"sion (#), n. [F.
abstersion. See Absterge.] Act of
wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being
performed.
Sir W. Scott.
Ab*ster"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstersif. See Absterge.]
Cleansing; purging.
Bacon.
Ab*ster"sive, n. Something
cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic
magistrate.
Milton.
Ab*ster"sive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstersive.
Fuller.
Ab"sti*nence (#), n. [F.
abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr.
abstinere. See Abstain.] 1.
The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of
any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual
propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from
intoxicating beverages, -- called also total
abstinence.
The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers
itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one.
Locke.
2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's
self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.
Penance, fasts, and abstinence,
To punish bodies for the soul's offense.
Dryden.
Ab"sti*nen*cy (#), n.
Abstinence. [R.]
Ab"sti*nent (#), a. [F.
abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of
abstinere. See Abstain.]
Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence
of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate.
Beau. & Fl.
Ab"sti*nent, n. 1. One who
abstains.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who
appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.
Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv. With
abstinence.
Ab*stort"ed (#), a. [As if fr.
abstort, fr. L. ab, abs +
tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.]
Wrested away. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. [L.
abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw
from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw.
See Trace.] 1. Withdraw;
separate. [Obs.]
The more abstract . . . we are from the body.
Norris.
2. Considered apart from any application to a
particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind
only; as, abstract truth, abstract
numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.
3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a
particular property of an object viewed apart from the other
properties which constitute it; -- opposed to
concrete; as, honesty is an abstract
word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting
from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to
particular; as, \'bdreptile\'b8 is an abstract or
general name.
Locke.
A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an
abstract name which stands for an attribute of a
thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if
not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of
applying the expression \'bdabstract name\'b8 to all
names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and
consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the
names of attributes.
J. S. Mill.
4. Abstracted; absent in mind.
\'bdAbstract, as in a trance.\'b8
Milton.
An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea
separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which
naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when
contemplated apart from its color or figure. --
Abstract terms, those which express abstract
ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any
object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the
names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a
combination of similar qualities. -- Abstract
numbers (Math.), numbers used without
application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any
thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. --
Abstract Pure
mathematics. See Mathematics.
Ab*stract" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Abstracting.] [See
Abstract, a.]
1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away.
He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution
abstracted from his own prejudices.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention;
as, his was wholly abstracted by other
objects.
The young stranger had been abstracted and
silent.
Blackw. Mag.
3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the
mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a
quality or attribute.
Whately.
4. To epitomize; to abridge.
Franklin.
5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin;
as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a
till.
Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins
from the harness.
W. Black.
6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more
volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or
other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now
more generally used.
Ab*stract", v. t. To perform the process
of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
Berkeley.
Ab"stract` (#), n. [See
Abstract, a.] 1. That
which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities
of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary
or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a
brief.
An abstract of every treatise he had read.
Watts.
Man, the abstract
Of all perfection, which the workmanship
Of Heaven hath modeled.
Ford.
2. A state of separation from other things; as,
to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from
other associated things.
3. An abstract term.
The concretes \'bdfather\'b8 and \'bdson\'b8 have, or might
have, the abstracts \'bdpaternity\'b8 and
\'bdfiliety.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a
vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion
that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the
original substance.
Abstract of title (Law), an epitome
of the evidences of ownership.
Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See
Abridgment.
Ab*stract"ed (#), a. 1.
Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.
The evil abstracted stood from his own evil.
Milton.
2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal.
[Obs.]
3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in
mind. \'bdAn abstracted scholar.\'b8
Johnson.
Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv. In an abstracted
manner; separately; with absence of mind.
Ab*stract"ed*ness, n. The state of being
abstracted; abstract character.
Ab*stract"er (#), n. One who
abstracts, or makes an abstract.
Ab*strac"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
abstraction. See Abstract,
a.] 1. The act of abstracting,
separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn;
withdrawal.
A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain
members of the community.
J. S. Mill.
2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving
out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object
so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind
considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the
leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called
abstraction. So, also, when it considers
whiteness, softness, virtue,
existence, as separate from any particular
objects.
Abstraction is necessary to
classification, by which things are arranged in genera and
species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects,
which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in
each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a
class, or collected body.
Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the
negative of attention.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical
nature; as, to fight for mere
abstractions.
4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse
life; as, a hermit's abstraction.
5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to
present objects.
6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use
part of the property of another; purloining.
[Modern]
7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile
parts by the act of distillation.
Nicholson.
Ab*strac"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to abstraction.
Ab*strac"tion*ist, n. An idealist.
Emerson.
Ab`strac*ti"tious (#), a.
Obtained from plants by distillation.
[Obs.]
Crabb.
Ab*strac"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abstractif.] Having the power of
abstracting; of an abstracting nature. \'bdThe
abstractive faculty.\'b8
I. Taylor.
Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv. In a abstract
manner; separately; in or by itself.
Feltham.
Ab*strac"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being abstractive; abstractive property.
Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv. In
an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself;
as, matter abstractly considered.
Ab"stract`ness, n. The quality of being
abstract. \'bdThe abstractness of the ideas.\'b8
Locke.
Ab*stringe" (#), v. t. [L
ab + stringere, strictum, to press
together.] To unbind. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ab*strude" (#), v. t. [L.
abstrudere. See Abstruse.] To
thrust away. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ab*struse" (#), a. [L.
abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust
away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust;
cf. F. abstrus. See Threat.]
1. Concealed or hidden out of the way.
[Obs.]
The eternal eye whose sight discerns
Abstrusest thoughts.
Milton.
2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be
comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse
learning.
Profound and abstruse topics.
Milman.
Ab*struse"ly, adv. In an abstruse
manner.
Ab*struse"ness, n. The quality of being
abstruse; difficulty of apprehension.
Boyle.
Ab*stru"sion (#), n. [L.
abstrusio. See Abstruse.] The act
of thrusting away. [R.]
Ogilvie.
Ab*stru"si*ty (#), n.
Abstruseness; that which is abstruse.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*sume" (#), v. t. [L.
absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere
to take.] To consume gradually; to waste away.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. [L.
absumptio. See Absume.] Act of
wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ab*surd" (#), a. [L.
absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a
derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected
with surd: cf. F. absurde. See
Syringe.] Contrary to reason or propriety;
obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with
the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory;
nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an
absurd opinion; an absurd dream.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
Shak.
'This phrase absurd to call a villain great.
Pope.
p. 9
Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous;
inconsistent; incongruous. -- Absurd,
Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of
these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that
which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason;
as, an irrational course of life. Foolish
rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or
an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish
enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that
which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and
truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story,
argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and
supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things;
or, in plain terms, a \'bdputting of the cart before the
horse;\'b8 as, a preposterous suggestion,
preposterous conduct, a preposterous
regulation or law.
Ab*surd" (#), n. An
absurdity. [Obs.]
Pope.
Ab*surd"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Absurdities (#). [L.
absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.]
1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with
obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. \'bdThe
absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite
number.\'b8
Locke.
2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a
logical contradiction.
His travels were full of absurdities.
Johnson.
Ab*surd"ly, adv. In an absurd
manner.
Ab*surd"ness, n. Absurdity.
[R.]
\'d8A*bu"na (#), n. [Eth. and
Ar., our father.] The Patriarch, or head of the
Abyssinian Church.
A*bun"dance (#), n. [OE.
(h)abudaunce, abundance, F.
abundance, F. abondance, L.
abundantia, fr. abundare. See
Abound.] An overflowing fullness; ample
sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply;
superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but
sometimes used of number.
It is lamentable to remember what abundance of
noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian
state.
Raleigh.
Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness;
overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. --
Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These
words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness.
Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as,
plenty of food, plenty of money, etc.
Abundance express more, and gives the idea of
superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an
abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only
denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises
still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side,
producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an
exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of
animal spirits, etc.
A*bun"dant (#), a. [OE.
(h)abundant, aboundant, F.
abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of
abundare. See Abound.] Fully
sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by
in, rarely by with.
\'bdAbundant in goodness and truth.\'b8
Exod. xxxiv. 6.
Abundant number (Math.), a number,
the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus,
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This
is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot
parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a
perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its
aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.
Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;
overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See
Ample.
A*bun"dant*ly, adv. In a sufficient
degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.
A*burst" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + burst.] In a bursting
condition.
A*bus"a*ble (#), a. That may be
abused.
A*bus"age (#), n. Abuse.
[Obs.]
Whately (1634).
A*buse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Abused (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.]
[F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of
abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use.
See Use.] 1. To put to a wrong use;
to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong
purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited
gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse
one's authority.
This principle (if one may so abuse the word)
shoots rapidly into popularity.
Froude.
2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to;
to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to
abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's
patience.
3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to
disparage.
The . . . tellers of news abused the general.
Macaulay.
4. To dishonor. \'bdShall flight
abuse your name?\'b8
Shak.
5. To violate; to ravish.
Spenser.
6. To deceive; to impose on.
[Obs.]
Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and
abused by a double object.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify;
vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.
A*buse" (#), n. [F.
abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See
Abuse, v. t.] 1. Improper
treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse;
as, an abuse of our natural powers; an
abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an
abuse of language.
Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty,
as well as by the abuses of power.
Madison.
2. Physical ill treatment; injury.
\'bdRejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff.\'b8
Shak.
3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime;
fault; as, the abuses in the civil
service.
Abuse after disappeared without a struggle..
Macaulay.
4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech;
abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.
The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of
abuse, came to blows.
Macaulay.
5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a
female child. [Obs.]
Or is it some abuse, and no such thing?
Shak.
Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful
using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the
distrainer.
Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult;
opprobrium. -- Abuse, Invective.
Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in
harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than
invective. Abuse generally takes place in
private quarrels; invective in writing or public
discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined
language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy.
C. J. Smith.
A*buse"ful (#), a. Full of
abuse; abusive. [R.] \'bdAbuseful
names.\'b8
Bp. Barlow.
A*bus"er (#), n. One who abuses
[in the various senses of the verb].
A*bu"sion (#), n. [OE.
abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion,
fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti.
See Abuse, v. t.] Evil or corrupt
usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat.
Chaucer.
A*bu"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
abusif, fr. L. abusivus.] 1.
Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.
I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly,
according to the abusive acceptation thereof.
Fuller.
2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses.
[Archaic] \'bdThe abusive prerogatives of
his see.\'b8
Hallam.
3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse,
insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an
abusive author; an abusive fellow.
4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument
of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. \'bdAn
abusive lampoon.\'b8
Johnson.
5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating.
[Obs.] \'bdAn abusive treaty.\'b8
Bacon.
Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent;
insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.
A*bu"sive*ly, adv. In an abusive manner;
rudely; with abusive language.
A*bu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground,
Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness.
Herbert.
A*but" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Abutting.] [OF.
abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir,
and also abuter; a (L. ad) + OF.
boter, buter, to push: cf. F.
bout end, and but end, purpose.]
To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to
meet; -- with on, upon, or
against; as, his land abuts on the
road.
A*bu"ti*lon (#), n. [Ar.
aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n.] (Bot.) A
genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid
and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also
Indian mallow.
A*but"ment (#), n. 1.
State of abutting.
2. That on or against which a body abuts or
presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid
part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or
lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut.
Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed
point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained,
as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever,
etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the
block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to
recoil.
A*but"tal (#), n. The butting
or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland.
Spelman.
A*but"ter (#), n. One who, or
that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous
estate; as, the abutters on a street or a
river.
A*buzz" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + buzz.] In a buzz;
buzzing. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
{ A*by", A*bye" } (#),
v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
Abought (#).] [AS.
\'bebycgan to pay for; pref. \'be- (cf.
Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and
cf. Abide.] 1. To pay for; to suffer
for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give
satisfaction. [Obs.]
Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear.
Shak.
2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.]
But nought that wanteth rest can long aby.
Spenser.
A*bysm" (#), n. [OF.
abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus,
a superl. of L. abyssus; Gr. /. See
Abyss.] An abyss; a gulf. \'bdThe
abysm of hell.\'b8
Shak.
A*bys"mal (#), a. Pertaining
to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending;
profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time
that astronomy does of space.
Carlyle.
A*bys"mal*ly, adv. To a fathomless
depth; profoundly. \'bdAbysmally ignorant.\'b8
G. Eliot.
A*byss" (#), n. [L.
abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. / bottomless; /
priv. + / depth, bottom.] 1. A bottomless
or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep,
immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless
pit.
Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss.
Milton.
The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light.
Dryden.
2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral
depth.
The abysses of metaphysical theology.
Macaulay.
In unfathomable abysses of disgrace.
Burke.
3. (Her.) The center of an
escutcheon.
Encyc. Brit.
A*byss"al (#), a. [Cf.
Abysmal.] Belonging to, or resembling, an
abyss; unfathomable.
Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of
the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of
the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one
furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms
deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Abyssinia.
Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of
copper and 8.33 parts of zink.
Ure.
Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n. 1. A native
of Abyssinia.
2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.
A*ca"ci*a (#), n.
(Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne
by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is
represented on medals.
A*ca"cia (#), n.; pl. E.
Acacias (#), L. Acaci\'91
(#). [L. from Gr. /; orig. the name of a
thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root ak to
be sharp. See Acute.] 1. A genus of
leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or
Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks,
instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of
America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate
climates.
2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of
several species of acacia; -- called also gum
acacia, and gum arabic.
Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine (#),
n. Gum arabic.
Ac`a*deme" (#), n. [L.
academia. See Academy.] An
academy. [Poetic]
Shak.
Ac`a*de"mi*al (#), a.
Academic. [R.]
Ac`a*de"mi*an (#), n. A member
of an academy, university, or college.
{ Ac`a*dem"ic (#), Ac`a*dem"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
academicus: cf. F. acad\'82migue. See
Academy.] 1. Belonging to the school
or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or
philosophy.
2. Belonging to an academy or other higher
institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in
distinction from scientific. \'bdAcademic
courses.\'b8 Warburton. \'bdAcademical
study.\'b8 Berkeley.
Ac`a*dem"ic, n. 1. One holding
the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist.
Hume.
2. A member of an academy, college, or university;
an academician.
Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv. In an academical
manner.
Ac`a*dem"ic*als (#), n. pl. The
articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and
universities.
Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n.
[F. acad\'82micien. See Academy.]
1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting
science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the
Royal Academy of arts.
2. A collegian. [R.]
Chesterfield.
Ac`a*dem"i*cism (#), n. 1.
A tenet of the Academic philosophy.
2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an
academy.
A*cad"e*mism (#), n. The
doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.]
Baxter.
A*cad"e*mist (#), n. [F.
academiste.] 1. An Academic
philosopher.
2. An academician. [Obs.]
Ray.
A*cad"e*my (#), n.; pl.
Academies (#). [F.
acad\'82mie, L. academia. Cf.
Academe.] 1. A garden or grove near
Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato
and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence,
the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.
2. An institution for the study of higher learning;
a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of
learning, holding a rank between a college and a common
school.
3. A place of training; a school.
\'bdAcademies of fanaticism.\'b8
Hume.
4. A society of learned men united for the
advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some
particular art or science; as, the French Academy;
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
academies of literature and philology.
5. A school or place of training in which some
special art is taught; as, the military academy at
West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of
Music.
Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing
usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude
model.
A*ca"di*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia.
\'bdAcadian farmers.\'b8 Longfellow. --
n. A native of Acadie.
Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at
the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the
oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See
Geology. -- Acadian owl
(Zo\'94l.), a small North American owl
(Nyctule Acadica); the saw-whet.
\'d8Ac"a*jou (#), n. [F. See
Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The
cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew.
(b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.
{ Ac"a*leph (#), Ac`a*le"phan
(#) } n.; pl. Acalephs
(#), Acalephans (#). [See
Acaleph\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acaleph\'91.
\'d8Ac`a*le"ph\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /, a nettle.] A group of
C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and
hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess.
Sometimes called sea nettles.
Ac`ale"phoid (#), a.
[Acaleph + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to or resembling the
Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.
A*cal"y*cine (#),
Ac`a*lys`i*nous (#), a.
[Gr. / priv. + / calyx.] (Bot.)
Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.
A*canth" (#), n. Same as
Acanthus.
\'d8A*can"tha (#), n. [Gr. /
thorn, fr. / point. See Acute.] 1.
(Bot.) A prickle.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A spine or prickly
fin.
3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the
spinous process of a vertebra.
Dunglison.
Ac"an*tha"ceous (#), a. 1.
Armed with prickles, as a plant.
2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the
type.
<-- p. 10 -->
A*can"thine (#), a. [L.
acanthinus, Gr. /, thorny, fr. /. See
Acanthus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
the plant acanthus.
A*can`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr.
/ thorn + / fruit.] (Bot.) Having the
fruit covered with spines.
\'d8A*can`tho*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a spine, thorn + / head.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of intestinal worms, having
the proboscis armed with recurved spines.
A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a spiny head, as one of the
Acanthocephala.
Ac`an*thoph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / spine + / to bear.]
Spine-bearing.
Gray.
A*can`tho*po"di*ous (#), a.
[Gr. / thorn + /, /, foot.] (Bot.)
Having spinous petioles.
\'d8Ac`an*thop"ter*i (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / thorn + / wing, fin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes having
spiny fins. See Acanthopterygii.
Ac`an*thop"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ spine + / wing.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Spiny-winged.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Acanthopterygious.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the order of fishes
having spinose fins, as the perch. -- n.
A spiny-finned fish.
\'d8Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i (#), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. / thorn + / fin, dim. fr. /
wing.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having
some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins
unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.
Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having fins in which the rays are hard
and spinelike; spiny-finned.
A*can"thus (#), n.; pl. E.
Acanthuses (#), L. Acanthi
(#). [L., from Gr. /. Cf.
Acantha.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly
plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India;
bear's-breech.
2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the
foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus);
-- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite
orders.
\'d8A cap*pel"la (#). [It. See
Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In
church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old
church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass
a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal.
(b) A time indication, equivalent to alla
breve.
A*cap"su*lar (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + capsular.] (Bot.)
Having no capsule.
A*car"di*ac (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / heart.] Without a heart; as, an
acardiac fetus.
A*car"i*dan (#), n. [See
Acarus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group
of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.
\'d8Ac`a*ri"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a mite.] (Zo\'94l.)
The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks.
Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and
mange.
Ac"a*rine (#), a. (Med.)
Of or caused by acari or mites; as,
acarine diseases.
Ac"a*roid (#), a. [NL.,
acarus a mite + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Shaped like or resembling a
mite.
Ac`ar*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + carpel.] (Bot.)
Having no carpels.
A*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / fruit.] (Bot.) Not
producing fruit; unfruitful.
\'d8Ac"a*rus (#), n.; pl.
Acari (#). [NL., from Gr. / the
cheese mite, tick.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
including many species of small mites.
A*cat`a*lec"tic (#), a. [L.
acatalecticus, Gr. /, not defective at the end; /
priv. + / to cease.] (Pros.) Not
defective; complete; as, an acatalectic
verse. -- n. A verse which has
the complete number of feet and syllables.
A*cat"a*lep`sy (#), n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / to seize, comprehend.]
Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the
ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts
to certainty, but only to probability.
A*cat`a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Incapable of being comprehended;
incomprehensible.
A*ca"ter (#), n. See
Caterer. [Obs.]
A*cates" (#), n. pl. See
Cates. [Obs.]
A*cau"date (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caudate.]
Tailless.
Ac`au*les"cent (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + caulescent.]
(Bot.) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very
short one concealed in the ground.
Gray.
A*cau"line (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + cauline.] (Bot.)
Same as Acaulescent.
{ A*cau"lose (#), A*cau"lous
(#), } a. [Gr. /; / priv. +
/ stalk or L. caulis stalk. See
Cole.] (Bot.) Same as
Acaulescent.
Ac*ca"di*an (#), a. [From the
city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.] Pertaining to
a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian
conquest.
-- Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad
(#), n.
Sayce.
Ac*cede" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Acceding.] [L.
accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere
to move, yield: cf. F. acc\'82dere. See
Cede.]
1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to
recede. [Obs.]
T. Gale.
2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to
attain.
Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the
year 1461.
T. Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power.
Morley.
3. To become a party by associating one's self with
others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a
proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my
request.
The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch
afterwards acceded.
Chesterfield.
Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce;
concur.
Ac*ced"ence (#), n. The act of
acceding.
Ac*ced"er (#), n. One who
accedes.
\'d8Ac*cel`er*an"do (#), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Gradually accelerating
the movement.
Ac*cel"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accelerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accelerating.] [L.
acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad +
celerare to hasten; celer quick. See
Celerity.] 1. To cause to move
faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; --
opposed to retard.
2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression
or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a
plant, the increase of wealth, etc.
3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as,
to accelerate our departure.
Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion
with a continually increasing velocity. -- Accelerating
force, the force which causes accelerated
motion.
Nichol.
Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward;
advance; further.
Ac*cel`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
acceleratio: cf. F.
acc\'82l\'82ration.] The act of
accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of
motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth
with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to
retardation.
A period of social improvement, or of intellectual
advancement, contains within itself a principle of
acceleration.
I. Taylor.
(Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the
moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its
orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now
shorter than in ancient times. --
Acceleration and retardation of the
tides. See Priming of the tides,
under Priming. -- Diurnal acceleration of the
fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal
motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they
daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes
fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day
preceding. -- Acceleration of the planets,
the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from
the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.
Ac*cel"er*a*tive (#), a.
Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity;
quickening.
Reid.
Ac*cel"er*a`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.;
as, accelerator nerves.
Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry (#), a.
Accelerative.
Ac*cel"er*o*graph (#), n.
[Accelerate + -graph.]
(Mil.) An apparatus for studying the combustion
of powder in guns, etc.
Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Accelerate + -meter.] An
apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.
Ac*cend" (#), v. t. [L.
accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad +
cand\'cbre to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to
cand\'c7re to be white, to gleam. See
Candle.] To set on fire; to kindle.
[Obs.]
Fotherby.
Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed;
inflammability.
Ac*cend"i*ble (#), a. Capable
of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable.
Ure.
Ac*cen"sion (#), n. The act of
kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition.
Locke.
Ac*cen"sor (#), n. [LL., from
p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R.
C. Ch.) One of the functionaries who light and trim
the tapers.
Ac"cent` (#), n. [F.
accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus
a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.]
1. A superior force of voice or of articulative
effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase,
distinguishing it from the others.
primary and the secondary; the primary
being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary;
as in as\'b7pira\'b6tion, where
the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress
on the first. Some words, as
an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic,
in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty, have two
secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.
2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving
to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to
indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b)
a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked;
as, the French accents.
acute accent
(\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave
(`), the level tone or simply the negation of accent,
the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then
depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to
denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the
falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving
inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the
acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the
chief stress of voice.
3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of
speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification
of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French
or a German accent. \'bdBeguiled you in a
plain accent.\'b8 Shak. \'bdA perfect
accent.\'b8 Thackeray.
The tender accent of a woman's cry.
Prior.
4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.)
expressions in general; speech.
Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear,
Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear.
Dryden.
5. (Pros.) Stress laid on certain
syllables of a verse.
6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly
recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more
feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A
special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the
measure. (c) The rythmical accent,
which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d)
The expressive emphasis and shading of a
passage.
J. S. Dwight.
7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at
the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish
magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but
differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7. (b)
(Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number,
indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as,
12\'b727\'b7\'b7, i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven
seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used
to denote feet and inches; as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet
ten inches.
Ac*cent" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accenting.] [OF.
accenter, F. accentuer.]
1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or
by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.
2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.
Ac"cent`less (#), a. Without
accent.
Ac*cen"tor (#), n. [L.
ad. + cantor singer, canere to
sing.] 1. (Mus.) One who sings the
leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of European birds
(so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler.
In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.
Ac*cen"tu*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being accented.
Ac*cen"tu*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.
Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accentual.
Ac*cen"tu*al*ly (#), adv. In an
accentual manner; in accordance with accent.
Ac*cen"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accentuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accentuating.] [LL.
accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L.
accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]
1. To pronounce with an accent or with
accents.
2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to
emphasize.
In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more
accentuated.
London Times.
3. To mark with the written accent.
Ac*cen`tu*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.]
Act of accentuating; applications of accent.
Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation
of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.
Ac*cept" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accepted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accepting.] [F.
accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of
accipere; ad + capere to take; akin to E.
heave.]
1. To receive with a consenting mind (something
offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often
followed by of.
If you accept them, then their worth is great.
Shak.
To accept of ransom for my son.
Milton.
She accepted of a treat.
Addison.
2. To receive with favor; to approve.
The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice.
Ps. xx. 3.
Peradventure he will accept of me.
Gen. xxxii. 20.
3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to;
as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or
excuse.
4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are
these words to be accepted?
5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and
promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of
exchange.
Bouvier.
6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance
of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a
committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the
question is then on its adoption.]
To accept a bill (Law), to agree
(on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. -- To
accept service (Law), to agree that a writ
or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has
not been. -- To accept the person
(Eccl.), to show favoritism. \'bdGod
accepteth no man's person.\'b8
Gal. ii. 6.
Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.
Ac*cept", a. Accepted.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acceptabilitas.] The quality of being
acceptable; acceptableness. \'bdAcceptability of
repentance.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Ac*cept"a*ble (#), a. [F.
acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr.
acceptare.] Capable, worthy, or sure of
being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver;
gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable
present, one acceptable to us.
Ac*cept"a*ble*ness (#), n. The
quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably
received; acceptability.
Ac*cept"a*bly, adv. In an acceptable
manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.
Ac*cept"ance (#), n. 1.
The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with
approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable
reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift,
office, doctrine, etc.
They shall come up with acceptance on mine
altar.
Isa. lx. 7.
2. State of being accepted; acceptableness.
\'bdMakes it assured of acceptance.\'b8
Shak.
3. (Com.) (a) An assent and
engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to
pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance.
(b) The bill itself when accepted.
4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a
bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or
taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as
that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as
owner.
5. (Law) An agreeing to the action of
another, by some act which binds the person in law.
acceptance is often a question of great nicety and
difficulty.
Mozley & W.
<-- p. 11 -->
proposal and
acceptance are the constituent elements into which all
contracts are resolved.
Acceptance of a bill of exchange,
check, draft, order,
is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This
engagement is usually made by writing the word \'bdaccepted\'b8
across the face of the bill. Acceptance of
goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent
acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the
transaction.
6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.]
Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism.
See under Accept.
Ac*cept"an*cy (#), n.
Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift,
But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy.
Mrs. Browning.
Ac*cept"ant (#), a. Accepting;
receiving.
Ac*cept"ant, n. An accepter.
Chapman.
Ac`cep*ta"tion (#), n. 1.
Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state
of being acceptable. [Obs.]
This is saying worthy of all acceptation.
1 Tim. i. 15.
Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and
acceptation with God.
Hooker.
2. The meaning in which a word or expression is
understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used
according to its usual acceptation.
My words, in common acceptation,
Could never give this provocation.
Gay.
Ac*cept"ed*ly (#), adv. In a
accepted manner; admittedly.
Ac*cept"er (#), n. 1.
A person who accepts; a taker.
2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality.
[Obs.]
God is no accepter of persons.
Chillingworth.
3. (Law) An acceptor.
Ac*cep`ti*la"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance,
fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) +
latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of
ferre to carry: cf. F.
acceptilation.] (Civil Law)
Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation
without payment; free remission.
Ac*cep"tion (#), n. [L.
acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F.
acception.] Acceptation; the received
meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word \'bdbaron\'b8 is not to be taken in that
restrictive sense to which the modern acception hath
confined it.
Fuller.
Acception of persons or
faces (Eccl.), favoritism;
partiality. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Ac*cept"ive (#), a. 1.
Fit for acceptance.
2. Ready to accept. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n.
[L.] One who accepts; specifically
(Law & Com.), one who accepts an order or a bill
of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.
Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. [F.
acc\'8as, L. accessus, fr.
accedere. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission;
accessibility; as, to gain access to a
prince.
I did repel his letters, and denied
His access to me.
Shak.
2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be
approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck
of land. \'bdAll access was thronged.\'b8
Milton.
3. Admission to sexual intercourse.
During coverture, access of the husband shall be
presumed, unless the contrary be shown.
Blackstone.
4. Increase by something added; addition; as,
an access of territory. [In this sense
accession is more generally used.]
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
Access in every virtue.
Milton.
5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease.
The first access looked like an apoplexy.
Burnet.
6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst;
as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism]
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessary.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a.
Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp.,
uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor.
See Accessory.
To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary.
Shak.
Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that
support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning.
Milton.
Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl.
Accessaries (#). [Cf.
Accessory and LL. accessarius.]
(Law) One who, not being present, contributes as
an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense.
Accessary before the fact (Law),
one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at
its commission. -- Accessary after the fact,
one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender,
not being present at the commission of the offense.
accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this
sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns,
Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it
is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal
law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either
accessary or accessory.
Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
accessibilitas: cf. F.
accessibilit\'82.] The quality of being
accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility.
Langhorne.
Ac*cess"i*ble (#), a. [L.
accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accessible. See Accede.] 1.
Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an
accessible town or mountain, an accessible
person.
2. Open to the influence of; -- with
to. \'bdMinds accessible to
reason.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. Obtainable; to be got at.
The best information . . . at present
accessible.
Macaulay.
Ac*cess"i*bly (#), adv. In an
accessible manner.
Ac*ces"sion (#), n. [L.
accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F.
accession. See Accede.] 1.
A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined;
as, a king's accession to a confederacy.
2. Increase by something added; that which is
added; augmentation from without; as, an accession
of wealth or territory.
The only accession which the Roman empire received
was the province of Britain.
Gibbon.
3. (Law) (a) A mode of
acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance
which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to
the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing
is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a
cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The
act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in
force between other powers.
Kent.
4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an
office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house
of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new
dynasty.
5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or
commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm.
Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.
Ac*ces"sion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ac*ces"sive (#), a.
Additional.
Ac`ces*so"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency,
accessorial guilt.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ly (#), adv. In
the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.
Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n. The state of being
accessory, or connected subordinately.
Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. [L.
accessorius. See Access, and cf.
Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate;
aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident
or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said
of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad
sense; as, he was accessory to the riot;
accessory sounds in music.
first syllable.
Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary;
subservient; additional; acceding.
Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl.
Accessories (#). 1. That
which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something
additional and subordinate. \'bdThe aspect and
accessories of a den of banditti.\'b8
Carlyle.
2. (Law) Same as Accessary,
n.
3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into
a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere
ornamental parts.
Elmes.
Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See
Abettor.
\'d8Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra (#), n.
[It., from acciaccare to crush.]
(Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the
note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music.
Now used as equivalent to the short
appoggiatura.
Ac"ci*dence (#), n. [A
corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of
accident. See Accident, 2.] 1.
The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of
grammar.
Milton.
2. The rudiments of any subject.
Lowell.
Ac"ci*dent (#), n. [F.
accident, fr. L. accidens,
-dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen;
ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence,
Case.] 1. Literally, a befalling; an
event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an
undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency;
often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive
or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by
an accident.
Of moving accidents by flood and field.
Shak.
Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident:
It is the very place God meant for thee.
Trench.
2. (Gram.) A property attached to a
word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.
3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be
retained or omitted in a coat of arms.
4. (Log.) (a) A property or
quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as
whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b)
A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as
sweetness, softness.
5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an
accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an
accident.
This accident, as I call it, of Athens being
situated some miles from the sea.
J. P. Mahaffy.
6. Unusual appearance or effect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Accident, in Law, is
equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen,
extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of
ordinary calculation.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), a. [Cf. F.
accidentel, earlier accidental.]
1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking
place not according to the usual course of things; casual;
fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.
2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging;
incidental; as, are accidental to a play.
Accidental chords (Mus.), those
which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper
harmony. -- Accidental colors (Opt.),
colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the
eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective
sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of
actually colored bodies. -- Accidental point
(Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn
from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the
perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal
point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye
perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. --
Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary
lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as
the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the
leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning
bodies.
Fairholt.
Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional;
adventitious. -- Accidental,
Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous,
Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental
when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of
things; as, an accidental meeting, an
accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing
incidental when it falls, as it were, into
some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no
essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark,
an incidental evil, an incidental benefit.
We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or
happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or
premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a
casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is
attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is
applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition
to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous
concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent
when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not
happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else;
as, the time of my coming will be contingent on
intelligence yet to be received.
Ac`ci*den"tal (#), n. 1.
A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything
happening accidentally.
He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should
sink with the substance of the accusation.
Fuller.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those
fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain
objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and
other parts are cast into a deep shadow.
3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural,
occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the
signature, but before a particular note.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ism (#), n.
Accidental character or effect.
Ruskin.
Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being accidental; accidentalness.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ly (#), adv. In
an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally;
casually; fortuitously; not essentially.
Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n. The quality of
being accidental; casualness.
Ac"ci*die (#), n. [OF.
accide, accidie, LL. accidia,
acedia, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / care.]
Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] \'bdThe sin of
accidie.\'b8
Chaucer.
Ac`ci*pen"ser (#), n. See
Acipenser.
Ac*cip"i*ent (#), n. [L.
accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See
Accept.] A receiver. [R.]
Bailey
\'d8Ac*cip"i*ter (#), n.; pl.
E. Accipiters (#). L. Accipitres
(#). [L., hawk.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of rapacious birds; one of the
Accipitres or Raptores.
2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the
nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.
Ac*cip"i*tral (#), n.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk;
hawklike.
Lowell.
\'d8Ac*cip"i*tres (#), n. pl.
[L., hawks.] (Zo\'94l.) The order that
includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp,
strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by
the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.
Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a.
[Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zo\'94l.)
Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial;
hawklike.
\'d8Ac*cis"mus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) Affected refusal;
coyness.
Ac*cite" (#), v. t. [L.
accitus, p. p. of accire,
accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move,
call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon.
[Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were
Endamaged by the Elians.
Chapman.
Ac*claim" (#), v. t. [L.
acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See
Claim, Clamor.] [R.]
1. To applaud. \'bdA glad
acclaiming train.\'b8
Thomson.
2. To declare by acclamations.
While the shouting crowd
Acclaims thee king of traitors.
Smollett.
3. To shout; as, to acclaim my
joy.
Ac*claim", v. i. To shout
applause.
Ac*claim", n. Acclamation.
[Poetic]
Milton.
Ac*claim"er (#), n. One who
acclaims.
Ac`cla*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]
1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager
expression of approval; loud applause.
On such a day, a holiday having been voted by
acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the
children.
Southey.
2. (Antiq.) A representation, in
sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy.
Acclamation medals are those on which
laudatory acclamations are recorded.
Elmes.
Ac*clam"a*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.
Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimated.
Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acclimation. See Acclimate.]
Acclimatization.
Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Acclimating.] [F.
acclimater; \'85 (l. ad) +
climat climate. See Climate.] To
habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.
J. H. Newman.
Ac*cli"mate*ment (#), n.
Acclimation. [R.]
Ac`cli*ma"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or
habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.
Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acclimatized.
<-- p. 12 -->
Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new
climate, or the state of being so inured.
Darwin.
Ac*cli"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acclimatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing
(#).] To inure or habituate to a
climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the
peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the
inferior animals, or plants.
Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n. The
act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated.
[R.]
Caldwell.
Ac*clive" (#), a.
Acclivous. [Obs.]
Ac*cliff"i*tous (#), a.
Acclivous.
I. Taylor.
Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl.
Acclivities (#). [L.
acclivitas, fr. acclivis,
acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus
a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See
Lean.] A slope or inclination of the earth,
as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in
opposition to declivity, or descending; an
upward slope; ascent.
Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. [L.
acclivis and acclivus.] Sloping
upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to
declivous.
Ac*cloy" (#), v. t. [OF.
encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer,
to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.]
To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to
burden. See Cloy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*coast" (#), v. t. & i. [See
Accost, Coast.] To lie or sail along
the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low.
Spenser.
Ac*coil" (#), v. t. [OE.
acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L.
ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.]
1. To gather together; to collect.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Naut.) To coil together.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. [F.
accolade, It. accolata, fr.
accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum
neck.] 1. A ceremony formerly used in
conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow
on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.
2. (Mus.) A brace used to join two or
more staves.
Ac*com*bi*na"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + E. combination.] A
combining together. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*da*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. accommodable.] That may be accommodated,
fitted, or made to agree. [R.]
I. Watts.
Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being accommodable. [R.]
Todd.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accommodated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accommodating
(#).] [L. accommodatus, p.
p. of accommodare; ad + commodare to make
fit, help; con- + modus measure,
proportion. See Mode.] 1. To render
fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to
accommodate ourselves to circumstances.
\'bdThey accomodate their counsels to his
inclination.\'b8
Addison.
2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to
reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to
accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.
3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or
convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate
a friend with a loan or with lodgings.
4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make
suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental
circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to
accommodate prophecy to events.
Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.
Ac*com"mo*date, v. i. To adapt one's
self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*com"mo*date (#), a. [L.
accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.]
Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate
to end. [Archaic]
Tillotson.
Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv. Suitably;
fitly. [R.]
Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n. Fitness.
[R.]
Ac*com"mo*da`ting (#), a.
Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging;
as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.
Ac*com`mo*da"tion (#), n. [L.
accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F.
accommodation.]
1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of
being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by
to. \'bdThe organization of the body with
accommodation to its functions.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.
3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease,
refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired
or needful; -- often in the plural; as, the
accomodations -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an
inn.
Sir W. Scott.
4. An adjustment of differences; state of
agreement; reconciliation; settlement. \'bdTo come to terms
of accommodation.\'b8
Macaulay.
5. The application of a writer's language, on the
ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or
intended.
Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably
intended as nothing more than accommodations.
Paley.
6. (Com.) (a) A loan of
money. (b) An accommodation bill or
note.
Accommodation bill, or
note (Com.), a bill of exchange
which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and
delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for
the purpose of raising money on credit. --
Accommodation coach, or train,
one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly
all stations. -- Accommodation ladder
(Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a
ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to,
small boats.
Ac*com"mo*da`tor (#), n. He
who, or that which, accommodates.
Warburton.
Ac*com"pa*na*ble (#), a.
Sociable. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ac*com"pa*ni*er (#), n. He who,
or that which, accompanies.
Lamb.
Ac*com"pa*ni*ment (#), n. [F.
accompagnement.] That which accompanies;
something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to
give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of
ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically:
(Mus.) A part performed by instruments,
accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the
subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal
instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
P. Cyc.
Ac*com"pa*nist (#), n. The
performer in music who takes the accompanying part.
Busby.
Ac*com"pa*ny (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accompanied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accompanying
(#)] [OF. aacompaignier, F.
accompagner, to associate with, fr. OF.
compaign, compain, companion. See
Company.] 1. To go with or attend as
a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with;
-- followed by with or by; as, he
accompanied his speech with a bow.
The Persian dames, . . .
In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march.
Glover.
They are never alone that are accompanied with
noble thoughts.
Sir P. Sidney.
He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded
rebels.
Macaulay.
2. To cohabit with. [Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with. -- To
Accompany, Attend, Escort. We
accompany those with whom we go as companions. The
word imports an equality of station. We
attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word
conveys an idea of subordination. We escort
those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A
gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place;
he attends or escorts a lady.
Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i. 1. To
associate in a company; to keep company.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not
accompany together.
Holland.
2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.]
Milton.
3. (Mus.) To perform an accompanying
part or parts in a composition.
Ac*com"ple*tive (#), a. [L.
ad + complere, completum, to fill
up.] Tending to accomplish. [R.]
Ac*com"plice (#), n. [Ac-
(perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See
Complice.]
1. A cooperator. [R.]
Success unto our valiant general,
And happiness to his accomplices!
Shak.
2. (Law) An associate in the commission
of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or
an accessory. \'bdAnd thou, the cursed
accomplice of his treason.\'b8 Johnson.
It is followed by with or of before a
person and by in (or sometimes of) before
the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the
murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a
thing. \'bdSuspected for accomplice to the fire.\'b8
Dryden.
Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate;
confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See
Abettor.
Ac*com"plice*ship (#), n. The
state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Sir H. Taylor.
Ac`com*plic"i*ty (#), n. The
act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]
Ac*com"plish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accomplished
(#), p. pr. & vb. n.
Accomplishing.] [OE.
acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F.
accomplir; L. ad + complere to fill up,
complete. See Complete, Finish.]
1. To complete, as time or distance.
That He would accomplish seventy years in the
desolations of Jerusalem.
Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more.
Prescott.
2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect;
to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to
accomplish a design, an object, a promise.
This that is written must yet be accomplished in
me.
Luke xxii. 37.
3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to
complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to
polish.
The armorers accomplishing the knights.
Shak.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those
ends to which Providence did appoint it.
Wilkins.
These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect
woman.
Cowden Clarke.
4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect;
effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect;
equip; furnish. -- To Accomplish,
Effect, Execute, Achieve,
Perform. These words agree in the general idea of
carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to
fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies
perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan
proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking.
\'bdThou shalt accomplish my desire.\'b8
1 Kings v. 9.
He . . . expressed his desire to see a union
accomplished between England and Scotland.
Macaulay.
To effect (to work out) is much like
accomplish. It usually implies some degree of
difficulty contended with; as, he effected or
accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but
little. \'bdWhat he decreed, he effected.\'b8
Milton.
To work in close design by fraud or guile
What force effected not.
Milton.
To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or
into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to
execute the laws or the orders of another; to
execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To
perform is much like to do, though less
generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and
methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a
task, a work. \'bdThou canst best perform that
office.\'b8
Milton.
The Saints, like stars, around his seat
Perform their courses still.
Keble.
To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's
purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of
importance, difficulty, and excellence.
Ac*com"plish*a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being accomplished; practicable.
Carlyle.
Ac*com"plished (#), a. 1.
Completed; effected; established; as, an
accomplished fact.
2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually
of training; -- commonly in a good sense; as, an
accomplished scholar, an accomplished
villain.
They . . . show themselves accomplished bees.
Holland.
Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve.
Milton.
Ac*com"plish*er (#), n. One who
accomplishes.
Ac*com"plish*ment (#), n. [F.
accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]
1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance;
completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of
an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.
2. That which completes, perfects, or equips
thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes
excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education
or training. \'bdMy new accomplishment of
dancing.\'b8 Churchill. \'bdAccomplishments
befitting a station.\'b8 Thackeray.
Accomplishments have taken virtue's place,
And wisdom falls before exterior grace.
Cowper.
Ac*compt" (#; formerly #),
n. See Account.
Accompt, accomptant, etc., are
archaic forms.
Ac*compt"a*ble (#), a. See
Accountable.
Ac*compt"ant (#), n. See
Accountant.
Ac*cord" (#), n. [OE.
acord, accord, OF. acort,
acorde, F. accord, fr. OF.
acorder, F. accorder. See Accord,
v. t.] 1. Agreement or concurrence
of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent;
assent.
A mediator of an accord and peace between them.
Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer.
Acts i. 14.
2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone;
concord; as, the accord of tones.
Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays.
Sir J. Davies.
3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of
things; as, the accord of light and shade in
painting.
4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to
act; -- preceded by own; as, of one's own
accord.
That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest
thou shalt not reap.
Lev. xxv. 5.
Of his own accord he went unto you.
2 Cor. vii. 17.
5. (Law) An agreement between parties in
controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated,
and which, when executed, bars a suit.
Blackstone.
With one accord, with unanimity.
They rushed with one accord into the theater.
Acts xix. 29.
Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
According.] [OE. acorden,
accorden, OF. acorder, F.
accorder, fr. LL. accordare; L. ad +
cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord,
Discord, and see Heart.] 1.
To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to
another; to adjust; -- followed by to.
[R.]
Her hands accorded the lute's music to the
voice.
Sidney.
2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to
reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things;
as, to accord suits or controversies.
When they were accorded from the fray.
Spenser.
All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult
can never be accorded but by a competent stock of
critical learning.
South.
3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to
award; as, to accord to one due praise.
\'bdAccording his desire.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cord", v. i. 1. To agree; to
correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by with,
formerly also by to; as, his disposition
accords with his looks.
My heart accordeth with my tongue.
Shak.
Thy actions to thy words accord.
Milton.
2. To agree in pitch and tone.
Ac*cord"a*ble (#), a. [OF.
acordable, F. accordable.]
1. Agreeing. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Reconcilable; in accordance.
Ac*cord"ance (#), n. [OF.
acordance.] Agreement; harmony;
conformity. \'bdIn strict accordance with the
law.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.
Ac*cord"an*cy (#), n.
Accordance. [R.]
Paley.
Ac*cord"ant (#), a. [OF.
acordant, F. accordant.]
Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable;
-- followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality.
Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string.
Coldsmith.
Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv. In accordance or
agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by with
or to.
Ac*cord"er (#), n. One who
accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]
Ac*cord"ing, p. a. Agreeing; in
agreement or harmony; harmonious. \'bdThis
according voice of national wisdom.\'b8
Burke. \'bdMind and soul according well.\'b8
Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be
bought.
Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge.
Sprat.
According to has been called a
prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according
is a participle in the sense of agreeing,
acceding, and to alone is the
preposition.
According as, precisely as; the same as;
corresponding to the way in which. According as is an
adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but
good usage sanctions it. See According,
adv.
Is all things well,
According as I gave directions?
Shak.
The land which the Lord will give you according as
he hath promised.
Ex. xii. 25.
p. 13
Ac*cord"ing (#), adv.
Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv. 1.
Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner
conformable.
Behold, and so proceed accordingly.
Shak.
2. In natural sequence; consequently; so.
Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so.
-- Accordingly, Consequently, indicate
a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on
account of the former. Accordingly marks the
connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading
naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I
called, and I accordingly left my card; our
preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set
sail. Consequently all finished, and we
accordingly set sail. Consequently marks a
closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the
papers were not ready, and consequently could not be
signed.
Ac*cor"di*on (#), n. [See
Accord.] (Mus.) A small, portable,
keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the
wind upon free metallic reeds.
Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n. A player on the
accordion.
Ac*cord"ment (#), n. [OF.
acordement. See Accord, v.]
Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ac*cor"po*rate (#), v. t. [L.
accorporare; ad + corpus,
corporis, body.] To unite; to attach; to
incorporate. [Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accosted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accosting.] [F.
accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by
side; L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and
cf. Accoast.] 1. To join side to
side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of.
[Obs.] \'bdSo much [of Lapland] as
accosts the sea.\'b8
Fuller.
2. To approach; to make up to.
[Archaic]
Shak.
3. To speak to first; to address; to greet.
\'bdHim, Satan thus accosts.\'b8
Milton.
Ac*cost", v. i. To adjoin; to lie
alongside. [Obs.] \'bdThe shores which to the
sea accost.\'b8
Spenser.
Ac*cost", n. Address; greeting.
[R.]
J. Morley.
Ac*cost"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
accostable.] Approachable; affable.
[R.]
Hawthorne.
Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.)
Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by
side.
\'d8Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n.
[F., fr. accoucher to be delivered of a child, to
aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put
to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put,
place. See Collate.] Delivery in
childbed
\'d8Ac*cou*cheur" (#), n. [F.,
fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.]
A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an
obstetrician.
\'d8Ac*cou*cheuse" (#), n.
[F.., fem. of accoucher.] A
midwife. [Recent]
Dunglison.
Ac*count" (#), n. [OE.
acount, account, accompt, OF.
acont, fr. aconter. See Account,
v. t., Count, n., 1.]
1. A reckoning; computation; calculation;
enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian
account of time.
A beggarly account of empty boxes.
Shak.
2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written
or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits,
and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review;
as, to keep one's account at the bank.
3. A statement in general of reasons, causes,
grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory
account has been given of these phenomena. Hence,
the word is often used simply for reason,
ground, consideration, motive,
etc.; as, on no account, on every account,
on all accounts.
4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of
transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description;
as, an account of a battle. \'bdA
laudable account of the city of London.\'b8
Howell.
5. A statement and explanation or vindication of
one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.
Give an account of thy stewardship.
Luke xvi. 2.
6. An estimate or estimation; valuation;
judgment. \'bdTo stand high in your account.\'b8
Shak.
7. Importance; worth; value; advantage;
profit. \'bdMen of account.\'b8 Pope.
\'bdTo turn to account.\'b8 Shak.
Account current, a running or continued
account between two or more parties, or a statement of the
particulars of such an account. -- In account
with, in a relation requiring an account to be
kept. -- On account of, for the sake of; by
reason of; because of. -- On one's own account,
for one's own interest or behalf. -- To make
account, to have an opinion or expectation; to
reckon. [Obs.]
s other part . . . makes account to find no slender
arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which
are commonly urged against it.
Milton.
-- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to
esteem; as, he makes small account of
beauty. -- To take account of, or
to take into account, to take into
consideration; to notice. \'bdOf their doings,
God takes no account.\'b8
Milton. -- A writ of account
(Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding
that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good
cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of
account. Cowell.
Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital;
description; explanation; rehearsal. --
Account, Narrative, Narration,
Recital. These words are applied to different modes of
rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention
not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more
properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group
of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a
battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a
continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might
tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a
siege, a narrative of one's life, etc.
Narration is usually the same as narrative,
but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating
events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly
great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out
into minute particulars, usually expressing something which
peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the
recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings,
etc.
1. To reckon; to compute; to count.
[Obs.]
The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are
accounted.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit
of; to assign; -- with to. [R.]
Clarendon.
3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge
or consider; to deem.
Accounting that God was able to raise him up.
Heb. xi. 19.
4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*count", v. i. 1. To render
or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an
officer must account with or to the treasurer for money
received.
2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; --
with for; as, we must account for the use
of our opportunities.
3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause
of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness
accounts for poverty.
To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value.
Now used only in the passive. \'bdI account of her
beauty.\'b8
Shak.
Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the
sixteenth century.
Canon Robinson.
Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to
render an account; accountableness. \'bdThe awful idea of
accountability.\'b8
R. Hall.
Ac*count"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable;
as, every man is accountable to God for his
conduct.
2. Capable of being accounted for;
explicable. [R.]
True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and
accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege.
B. Whichcote.
Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.
Ac*count"a*ble ness, n. The quality or
state of being accountable; accountability.
Ac*count"a*bly, adv. In an accountable
manner.
Ac*count"an*cy (#), n. The art
or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]
1. One who renders account; one accountable.
2. A reckoner.
3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts,
accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the
accounts.
Accountatn general, the head or superintending
accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer
in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid
into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of
England.
Ac*count"ant, a. Accountable.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*count"ant*ship (#), n.
[Accountant + -ship.] The
office or employment of an accountant.
Ac*count" book` (#). A book in which
accounts are kept.
Swift.
Ac*cou"ple (#), v. t. [OF.
acopler, F. accoupler. See
Couple.] To join; to couple.
[R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the
Frenchmen.
Hall.
Ac*cou"ple*ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accouplement.] 1. The act of
coupling, or the state of being coupled; union.
[R.]
Caxton.
2. That which couples, as a tie or brace.
[R.]
Ac*cour"age (#), v. t. [OF.
acoragier; \'85 (L. ad) +
corage. See Courage.] To
encourage. [Obs.]
Ac*court" (#), v. t.
[Ac-, for L. ad. See
Court.] To treat courteously; to court.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre }
(#), v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accoutered or Accoutred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or
Accoutring.] [F. accouter,
OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; \'85
(L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for
custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or
perh. akin to E. guilt.] To furnish with
dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip;
to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men.
Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen.
Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff.
Wordsworth.
{ Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments
} (#), n. pl. [F.
accoutrement, earlier also accoustrement,
earlier also accoustrement. See
Accouter.] Dress; trappings; equipment;
specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.
How gay with all the accouterments of war!
Ac*coy" (#), v. t. [OF.
acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See
Coy.] 1. To render quiet; to
soothe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt.
[Obs.]
Then is your careless courage accoyed.
Spenser.
Ac*cred"it (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accredited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Accrediting.] [F.
accr\'82diter; \'85 (L. ad) +
cr\'82dit credit. See Credit.] 1. To
put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to
sanction.
His censure will . . . accredit his praises.
Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine
opinion.
Shelton.
2. To send with letters credential, as an
ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a
messenger or delegate.
Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of
France.
Froude.
3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in.
The version of early Roman history which was
accredited in the fifth century.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions
and witchcraft.
Southey.
4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one)
as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some
one.
To accredit (one) with
(something), to attribute something to him; as,
Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they
accredit him with a wise saying.
Ac*cred`i*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of accrediting; as, letters of
accreditation.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tial (#), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to accremention.
Ac`cre*men*ti"tion (#), n. [See
Accresce, Increment.]
(Physiol.) The process of generation by
development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new
formation is in all respect like the individual from which it
proceeds.
Ac*cresce" (#), v. i. [L.
accrescere. See Accrue.] 1.
To accrue. [R.]
2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.]
Gillespie.
Ac*cres"cence (#), n. [LL.
accrescentia.] Continuous growth; an
accretion. [R.]
The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched
depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy.
Coleridge.
Ac*cres"cent (#), a. [L.
accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of
accrescere; ad + crescere to grow. See
Crescent.]
1. Growing; increasing.
Shuckford.
2. (Bot.) Growing larger after
flowering.
Gray.
Ac*crete" (#), v. i. [From L.
accretus, p. p. of accrescere to
increase.] 1. To grow together.
2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with
to.
Ac*crete", v. t. To make adhere; to
add.
Earle.
Ac*crete", a. 1. Characterized
by accretion; made up; as, accrete
matter.
2. (Bot.) Grown together.
Gray.
Ac*cre"tion (#), n. [L.
accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf.
Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]
1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp.
the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of
parts; organic growth.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by
an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; as,
an accretion of earth.
A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by
accretion.
Owen.
To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later
accretion.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles;
as, the accretion of particles so as to form a solid
mass.
4. A growing together of parts naturally separate,
as of the fingers toes.
Dana.
5. (Law) (a) The adhering of
property to something else, by which the owner of one thing
becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land
by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by
a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.
(b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir
to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to
take his share.
Wharton. Kent.
Ac*cre"tive (#), a. Relating to
accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth.
Glanvill.
Ac*crim"i*nate (#), v. t. [L.
ac- (for ad to) +
criminari.] To accuse of a crime.
[Obs.] -- Ac*crim`i*na"tion
(#), n. [Obs.]
Ac*croach" (#), v. t. [OE.
acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF.
acrochier, F. accrocher; \'85
(L. ad) + croc hook (E.
crook).] 1. To hook, or draw to
one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]
2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal
prerogatives.
They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal
power.
Stubbs.
Ac*croach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
accrochement.] An encroachment;
usurpation. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cru"al (#), n.
Accrument. [R.]
Ac*crue" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Accrued
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accruing.] [See Accrue,
n., and cf. Accresce,
Accrete.] 1. To increase; to
augment.
And though power failed, her courage did
accrue.
Spenser.
2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or
spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or
damage, especially as the produce of money lent.
\'bdInterest accrues to principal.\'b8
Abbott.
The great and essential advantages accruing to
society from the freedom of the press.
Junius.
Ac*crue", n. [F. accr\'96,
OF. acre\'81, p. p. of accroitre, OF.
acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to
increase. Cf. Accretion, Crew. See
Crescent.] Something that accrues; advantage
accruing. [Obs.]
Ac*cru"er (#), n. (Law)
The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by
accruer.
Ac*cru"ment (#), n. The process
of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase.
Jer. Taylor.
Ac`cu*ba"tion (#), n. [L.
accubatio, for accubatio, fr.
accubare to recline; ad + cubare to lie
down. See Accumb.] The act or posture of
reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at
meals.
Ac*cumb" (#), v. i. [L.
accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds)
to lie down.] To recline, as at table.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ac*cum"ben*cy (#), n. The state
of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]
Ac*cum"bent (#), a. 1.
Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their
meals.
The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Bot.) Lying against anything, as one
part of a leaf against another leaf.
Gray.
Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed
against the caulicle.
Eaton.
Ac*cum"bent, n. One who reclines at
table.
Ac*cum"ber (#), v. t. To
encumber. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accumulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accumulating.] [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad +
cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.] To
heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to
amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money.
Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather;
aggregate; heap together; hoard.
<-- p. 14 -->
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. i. To
grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase
greatly.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay.
Goldsmith.
Ac*cu"mu*late (#), a. [L.
accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.]
Collected; accumulated.
Bacon.
Ac*cu`mu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]
1. The act of accumulating, the state of being
accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an
accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of
honors.
2. (Law) The concurrence of several
titles to the same proof.
Accumulation of energy or
power, the storing of energy by means of
weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored.
-- An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.),
the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than
usual or than is allowed by the rules.
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive (#), a.
Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass;
cumulative; additional. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv. --
Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.
Ac*cu"mu*la`tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who, or that which,
accumulates, collects, or amasses.
2. (Mech.) An apparatus by means of
which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank
for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or
storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical
charges, etc.
3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the
strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.
Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. [See
Accurate.] The state of being accurate;
freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness;
exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision;
exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the value of testimony
depends on its accuracy.
The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to
judge, and to reason, with precision and accuracy.
Reid.
The accuracy with which the piston fits the
sides.
Lardner.
Ac"cu*rate (#), a. [L.
accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to
take care of; ad + curare to take care,
cura care. See Cure.] 1.
In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard
of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure,
error, or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator;
an accurate measure; accurate expression,
knowledge, etc.
2. Precisely fixed; executed with care;
careful. [Obs.]
Those conceive the celestial bodies have more
accurate influences upon these things below.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular.
-- Accurate, Correct, Exact,
Precise. We speak of a thing as correct with
reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a
correct account, a correct likeness, a man
of correct deportment. We speak of a thing as
accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its
execution, and the increased correctness to be expected
therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an
accurate detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as
exact with reference to that perfected state of a
thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an
exact coincidence, the exact truth, an
exact likeness. We speak of a thing as
precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to
some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a
precise conformity instructions; precisely
right; he was very precise in giving his
directions.
Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an accurate
manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.
Ac"cu*rate*ness, n. The state or quality
of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.
Ac*curse" (#), v. t. [OE.
acursien, acorsien; pref. a +
cursien to curse. See Curse.] To devote
to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to
execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed.
Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst.
Tennyson.
{ Ac*cursed" (#), Ac*curst"
(#), } p. p. & a. Doomed to
destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the
curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an
accursed deed. Shak. --
Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv. --
Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.
Ac*cus"a*ble (#), a. [L.
accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.]
Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or
fault; blamable; -- with of.
Ac*cus"al (#), n.
Accusation. [R.]
Byron.
Ac*cus"ant (#), n. [L.
accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F.
accusant.] An accuser.
Bp. Hall.
Ac`cu*sa"tion (#), n. [OF.
acusation, F. accusation, L.
accusatio, fr. accusare. See
Accuse.]
1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or
with a lighter offense.
We come not by the way of accusation
To taint that honor every good tongue blesses.
Shak.
2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an
offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.
[They] set up over his head his accusation.
Matt. xxvii. 37.
Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.
Ac*cu`sa*ti"val (#), a.
Pertaining to the accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive (#), a. [F.
accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2), fr.
accusare. See Accuse.]
1. Producing accusations; accusatory.
\'bdThis hath been a very accusative age.\'b8
Sir E. Dering.
2. (Gram.) Applied to the case (as the
fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the
immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive
verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency
to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective
case in English.
Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.) The
accusative case.
Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
accusative manner.
2. In relation to the accusative case in
grammar.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al (#), a.
Accusatory.
Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv. By way
accusation.
Ac*cu"sa*to*ry (#), a. [L.
accusatorius, fr. accusare.]
Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an
accusatory libel.
Grote.
Ac*cuse" (#), n.
Accusation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Accused (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Accusing.] [OF.
acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare,
to call to account, accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit.
Cf. Cause.] 1. To charge with, or
declare to have committed, a crime or offense;
(Law) to charge with an offense, judicially or by
a public process; -- with of; as, to
accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.
Neither can they prove the things whereof they now
accuse me.
Acts xxiv. 13.
We are accused of having persuaded Austria and
Sardinia to lay down their arms.
Macaulay.
2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to
censure.
Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else
excusing one another.
Rom. ii. 15.
3. To betray; to show. [L.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate;
indict; impeach; arraign. -- To Accuse,
Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words
agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing.
To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied
usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to
accuse of treason. Charge is the most
generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault,
etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to
charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To
arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for
trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar
public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge
with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister
of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign
convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.
Ac*cused" (#), a. Charged with
offense; as, an accused person.
Commonly used substantively; as, the accused,
one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal
case.
Ac*cuse"ment (#), n. [OF.
acusement. See Accuse.]
Accusation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ac*cus"er (#), n. [OE.
acuser, accusour; cf. OF.
acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr.
accusare.] One who accuses; one who brings
a charge of crime or fault.
Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv. In an accusing
manner.
Ac*cus"tom (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Accustomed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Accustoming.] [OF.
acostumer, acustumer, F.
accoutumer; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
costume, F. coutume, custom. See
Custom.] To make familiar by use; to
habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself
to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it
in greater.
Adventurer.
Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.
Ac*cus"tom, v. i. 1. To be
wont. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. To cohabit. [Obs.]
We with the best men accustom openly; you with the
basest commit private adulteries.
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom, n. Custom.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ble (#), a.
Habitual; customary; wonted.
\'bdAccustomable goodness.\'b8
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv. According to
custom; ordinarily; customarily.
Latimer.
Ac*cus"tom*ance (#), n. [OF.
accoustumance, F. accoutumance.]
Custom; habitual use. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly (#), adv.
Customarily. [Obs.]
Ac*cus"tom*a*ry (#), a. Usual;
customary. [Archaic]
Featley.
Ac*cus"tomed (#), a. 1.
Familiar through use; usual; customary. \'bdAn
accustomed action.\'b8
Shak.
2. Frequented by customers.
[Obs.] \'bdA well accustomed shop.\'b8
Smollett.
Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n. Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart.
Bp. Pearce.
Ace (#), n.; pl.
Aces (#). [OE. as, F.
as, fr. L. as, assis, unity,
copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]
1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die;
the card or die so marked; as, the ace of
diamonds.
2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a
particle; an atom; a jot.
I 'll not wag an ace further.
Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement.
[Obs.]M/mark> -- Within an ace of, very
near; on the point of.
W. Irving.
A*cel"da*ma (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. Syr. \'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3 the field of blood.]
The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem,
purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his
Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.:
A field of bloodshed.
The system of warfare . . . which had already converted
immense tracts into one universal aceldama.
De Quincey.
A*cen"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a point, a center.] Not centered; without
a center.
Ac"e*phal (#), n. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / head: cf. F. ac\'82phale, LL.
acephalus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, adj. neut. pl., headless. See
Acephal.] (Zo\'94l.) That division
of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams
and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head.
Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and
sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.
A*ceph"a*lan (#), n. Same as
Acephal.
A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to the Acephala.
\'d8A*ceph"a*li (#), n. pl.
[LL., pl. of acephalus. See
Acephal.] 1. A fabulous people
reported by ancient writers to have heads.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A
Christian sect without a leader. (b) Bishops
and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.
3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry
I.
A*ceph"a*list (#), n. One who
acknowledges no head or superior.
Dr. Gauden.
A*ceph"a*lo*cyst (#), n. [Gr.
/ without a head + / bladder.] (Zo\'94l.)
A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval
vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the
tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the
absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts
are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to
similar cysts of different origin.
A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.
A*ceph"a*lous (#), a. [See
Acephal.]
1. Headless.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Without a distinct head;
-- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.
3. (Bot.) Having the style spring from
the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain
ovaries.
4. Without a leader or chief.
5. Wanting the beginning.
A false or acephalous structure of sentence.
De Quincey.
6. (Pros.) Deficient and the beginning,
as a line of poetry.
Brande.
Ac"er*ate (#), n. [See
Aceric.] (Chem.) A combination of
aceric acid with a salifiable base.
Ac"er*ate, a. Acerose;
needle-shaped.
A*cerb" (#), a. [L.
acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
acerbe. See Acrid.] Sour, bitter,
and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.
A*cerb"ate (#), v. t. [L.
acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr.
acerbus.] To sour; to imbitter; to
irritate.
A*cerb"ic (#), a. Sour or
severe.
A*cerb"i*tude (#), n. [L.
acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.]
Sourness and harshness. [Obs.]
Bailey.
A*cerb"i*ty (#), n. [F.
acerbit\'82, L. acerbitas, fr.
acerbus. See Acerb.] 1.
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like
that of unripe fruit.
2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as,
acerbity of temper, of language, of pain.
Barrow.
A*cer"ic (#), a. [L.
acer maple.] Pertaining to, or obtained
from, the maple; as, aceric acid.
Ure.
Ac"er*ose` (#), a. [(a) L.
acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen.
aceris, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus
needle: cf. F. ac\'82reux.] (Bot.)
(a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy.
(b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as
the leaf of the pine.
Ac"er*ous (#), a. Same as
Acerose.
Ac"er*ous, a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Destitute
of tentacles, as certain mollusks. (b)
Without antenn\'91, as some insects.
A*cer"val (#), a. [L.
acervalis, fr. acervus heap.]
Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), v. t. [L.
acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up,
fr. acervus heap.] To heap up.
[Obs.]
A*cer"vate (#), a. Heaped, or
growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.
Ac`er*va"tion (#), n. [L.
acervatio.] A heaping up;
accumulation. [R.]
Johnson.
A*cer"va*tive (#), a. Heaped
up; tending to heap up.
A*cer"vose (#), a. Full of
heaps. [R.]
Bailey.
A*cer"vu*line (#), a.
Resembling little heaps.
{ A*ces"cence (#), A*ces"cen*cy
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
acescence. See Acescent.] The
quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a
moderate degree of sourness.
Johnson.
A*ces"cent (#), a. [L.
acescens, -entis, p. pr. of
acescere to turn sour; inchoative of acere
to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.]
Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly
sour.
Faraday.
A*ces"cent, n. A substance liable to
become sour.
Ac"e*ta*ble (#), n. An
acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Ac`e*tab"u*lar (#), a.
Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.
\'d8Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Acetabuliferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Cephalopoda in which
the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the
cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See
Cephalopoda.
Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous (#), a.
[L. acetablum a little cup +
-ferous.] Furnished with fleshy cups for
adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.
Ac`e*tab"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an
acetabuliform calyx.
Gray.
\'d8Ac`e*tab"u*lum (#), n. [L.,
a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum vinegar, fr.
acere to be sour.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A vinegar cup; socket
of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint,
etc.
2. (Anat.) (a) The bony cup
which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b)
The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its
articulation with the body. (c) A sucker of
the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals. (d)
The large posterior sucker of the leeches.
(e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating
animals.
Ac"e*tal (#), n.
[Acetic + alcohol.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid
from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of
platinum black.
Ac`et*al"de*hyde (#), n. Acetic
aldehyde. See Aldehyde.
Ac`et*am"ide (#), n.
[Acetyl + amide.]
(Chem.) A white crystalline solid, from ammonia
by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.
Ac`et*an"i*lide (#), n.
[Acetyl + anilide.]
(Med.) A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to
allay fever or pain; -- called also
antifebrine.
Ac`e*ta"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum
vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] Used in
salads; as, acetarious plants.
<-- p. 15 -->
Ac"e*ta*ry (#), n. [L.
acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in
certain fruits, as the pear.
Grew.
Ac"e*tate (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union
of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as,
acetate of lead, acetate of potash.
Ac"e*ta`ted (#), a. Combined
with acetic acid.
A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining
to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as,
acetic fermentation. (b)
Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as
acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is
the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.
A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. The
act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of
becoming converted, into vinegar.
A*cet"i*fi`er (#), n. An
apparatus for hastening acetification.
Knight.
A*cet"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acetified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying
(#).] [L. acetum vinegar +
-fly.] To convert into acid or
vinegar.
A*cet"i*fy, v. i. To turn acid.
Encyc. Dom. Econ.
Ac`e*tim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F.
ac\'82tim\'8atre.] An instrument for
estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid
containing acetic acid.
Ac`e*tim"e*try (#), n. The act
or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the
proportion of acetic acid contained in it.
Ure.
Ac"e*tin (#), n. (Chem.)
A combination of acetic acid with glycerin.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tize (#), v. i. To
acetify. [R.]
Ac`e*tom"e*ter (#), n. Same as
Acetimeter.
Brande & C.
Ac"e*tone (#), n. [See
Acetic.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid
consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of
oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of
certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric
acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.
ketones.
See Ketone.
Ac`e*ton"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic
bodies.
Ac"e*tose (#), a. Sour like
vinegar; acetous.
Ac`e*tos"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acetositas. See Acetous.] The
quality of being acetous; sourness.
A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. [L.
acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be
sour.] 1. Having a sour taste; sour;
acid. \'bdAn acetous spirit.\'b8
Boyle. \'bdA liquid of an acetous kind.\'b8
Bp. Lowth.
2. Causing, or connected with, acetification;
as, acetous fermentation.
Acetous acid, a name formerly given to
vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.
Ac"e*tyl (#), n. [L.
acetum vinegar + Gr. / substance. See
-yl.] (Chem.) A complex,
hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of
hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
A*cet"y*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and
hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of
the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant
odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number
of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide.
Its light is very brilliant.
Watts.
{ Ach, Ache } (#),
n. [F. ache, L. apium
parsley.] A name given to several species of plants;
as, smallage, wild celery, parsley.
[Obs.]
Holland.
{ A*ch\'91"an (#), A*cha"ian
(#) } a. [L. Achaeus,
Achaius; Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n.
A native of Achaia; a Greek.
\'d8A*char"ne*ment (#), n.
[F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.
Ach"ate (#), n. An agate.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
A*chate" (#), n. [F.
achat purchase. See Cates.]
1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. pl. Provisions. Same as
Cates. [Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ach`a*ti"na (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / agate.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and
Africa.
A*cha*tour" (#), n. [See
Cater.] Purveyor; acater.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ache (#), n. [OE.
ache, AS. \'91ce, ece, fr.
acan to ache. See Ache, v.
i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden
twinges, or spasmodic pain. \'bdSuch an ache in my
bones.\'bd
Shak.
ache, an earache, a
toothache.
Ache (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ached (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Aching
(#).] [OE. aken, AS.
acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp.
\'d3c, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to
drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain;
to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be
distressed. \'bdMy old bones ache.\'b8
Shak.
The sins that in your conscience ache.
Keble.
A*che"an (#), a & n. See
Ach\'91an, Achaian.
{ A*chene" (#), A*che"ni*um
(#) } n. [Gr. / priv. + / to
gape.] (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent
fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a
naked seed by the earlier botanists.
[Written also akene and
ach\'91nium.]
A*che"ni*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an achene.
Ach"e*ron (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] (Myth.) A river in the Nether World
or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By
some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or
gulf.
Shak.
Ach`e*ron"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy;
moribund.
A*chiev"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being achieved.
Barrow.
A*chiev"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
achevance.] Achievement.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
A*chieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving
(#).] [OE. acheven, OF.
achever, achiever, F. achever,
to finish; \'85 (L. ad) + OF.
chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L.
caput head. See Chief.] 1.
To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected
state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a
feat, an exploit, an enterprise.
Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be
achieved in any line by the aid of a capital,
invigorating motive than without it.
I. Taylor.
2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion;
to succeed in gaining; to win.
Some are born great, some achieve greatness.
Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty.
Milton.
[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved.
Prior.
He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description.
Shak.
3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute;
perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.
A*chieve"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ach\'8avement, E. Hatchment.]
1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining
by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the
achievement of his object.
2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished
by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.
[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the
most famous achievements of pagan heroes.
Barrow.
The highest achievements of the human
intellect.
Macaulay.
3. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign
armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly
called hatchment.
Cussans.
A*chiev"er (#), n. One who
achieves; a winner.
Ach`il*le"an (#), a. Resembling
Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.
A*chil"les' ten"don (#), n. [L.
Achillis tendo.] (Anat.) The
strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles
in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; --
so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by
the heel when dipped in the River Styx.
A*chi"lous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / lip.] (Bot.) Without a
lip.
Ach"ing (#), a. That aches;
continuously painful. See Ache. --
Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head.
Longfellow.
\'d8A`chi*o"te (#), n. [Sp.
achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.]
Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter,
annotto.
A*chlam"y*date (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + /. /. a short cloak.] (Zo\'94l.)
Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain
gastropods.
Ach`la*myd"e*ous (#), a.
(Bot.) Naked; having no floral envelope, neither
calyx nor corolla.
\'d8A*cho"li*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /; / priv. + / bile.] (Med.)
Deficiency or want of bile.
Ach"o*lous (#), a. (Med.)
Lacking bile.
Ach`ro*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
colorless; / priv. + /, /, color: cf. F.
achromatique.] 1. (Opt.)
Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it
into its primary colors.
2. (Biol.) Uncolored; not absorbing
color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.
Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens
composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of
substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as
crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the
chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other,
and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. --
Achromatic prism. See Prism. --
Achromatic telescope, or
microscope, one in which the chromatic
aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or
achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from
extraneous color.
Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In an achromatic manner.
Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty (#), n.
Achromatism.
A*chro"ma*tin (#), n.
(Biol.) Tissue which is not stained by fluid
dyes.
W. Flemming.
A*chro"ma*tism (#), n. [Cf. F.
achromatisme.] The state or quality of
being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a
lens; achromaticity.
Nichol.
A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. achromatisation.] The act or
process of achromatizing.
A*chro"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Achromatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achromatizing
(#).] [Gr. / priv. + /
color.] To deprive of color; to make achromatic.
A*chro"ma*top"sy (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / color + / sight.] Color blindness;
inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.
A*chron"ic (#), a. See
Acronyc.
Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin (#), n.
[Gr. / colorless + E. dextrin.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Dextrin not colorable by iodine.
See Dextrin.
Ach"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / color.] Colorless; achromatic.
A*chy"lous (#), a. [Gr. /
without juice.] (Physiol.) Without
chyle.
A*chy"mous (#), a. [Gr. /
without juice.] (Physiol.) Without
chyme.
\'d8A*cic"u*la (#), n.; pl.
Acicul\'91 (#). [L., a small
needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat.
Hist.) One of the needlelike or bristlelike
spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike
crystal.
A*cic"u*lar (#), a.
Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some
leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like
needless.
A*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.
{ A*cic"u*late (#),
A*cic"u*la"ted (#) } a.
(Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with
acicul\'91. (b) Acicular. (c)
Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a
needle.
Lindley.
A*cic"u*li*form (#), a. [L.
acicula needle + -form.]
Needle-shaped; acicular.
A*cic"u*lite (#), n.
(Min.) Needle ore.
Brande & C.
Ac"id (#), a. [L.
acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp:
cf. F. acide. Cf. Acute.] 1.
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste
of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.:
Sour-tempered.
He was stern and his face as acid as ever.
A. Trollope.
2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as,
acid reaction.
Ac"id, n. 1. A sour
substance.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds,
generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste,
solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet
colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying
the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with
them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar
properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more
negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with
oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or
radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called
hydracids in distinction from the others which are
called oxygen acids or oxacids.
sulphur acids or
sulphacids, selenium acids, or
tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and
hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as
hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen
sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the
name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or
nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called
anhydrides.
A*cid"ic (#), a. (Min.)
Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to
basic.
<-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid,
as an acidic solution. -->
Ac`id*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
acidus sour + -ferous.]
Containing or yielding an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`a*ble (#), a.
Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.
Ac`id*if"ic (#), a. Producing
acidity; converting into an acid.
Dana.
A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. acidification.] The act or process of
acidifying, or changing into an acid.
A*cid"i*fi`er (#), n.
(Chem.) A simple or compound principle, whose
presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, etc.
A*cid"i*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidifying
(#).] [L. acidus sour, acid
+ -fy: cf. F. acidifier.] 1.
To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to
acidify sugar.
2. To sour; to imbitter.
His thin existence all acidified into rage.
Carlyle.
Ac`id*im"e*ter (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the
strength of acids.
Ure.
Ac`id*im"e*try (#), n. [L.
acidus acid + -metry.]
(Chem.) The measurement of the strength of acids,
especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical
combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a
certain definite weight of reagent is required. --
Ac`id*i*met"ric*al (#),
a.
A*cid"i*ty (#), n. [L.
acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F.
acidit\'82. See Acid.] The quality
of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste;
as, the acidity of lemon juice.
Ac"id*ly (#), adv. Sourly;
tartly.
Ac"id*ness (#), n. Acidity;
sourness.
A*cid"u*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acidulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidulating
(#).] [Cf. F. aciduler. See
Acidulous.] To make sour or acid in a
moderate degree; to sour somewhat.
Arbuthnot.
A*cid"u*lent (#), a. Having an
acid quality; sour; acidulous. \'bdWith anxious,
acidulent face.\'b8
Carlyle.
A*cid"u*lous (#), a. [L.
acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.]
Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an
acidulous tincture.
E. Burke.
Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain
carbonic anhydride.
Ac`i*er*age (#), n. [F.
aci\'82rage, fr. acier steel.]
The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a
stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic
electricity; steeling.
Ac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acus needle + -form.] Shaped
like a needle.
Ac"i*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.)
Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like
them.
\'d8A*cin"a*ces (#), n. [L.,
from Gr. /.] (Anc. Hist.) A short sword
or saber.
Ac`i*nac"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F.
acinaciforme.] (Bot.)
Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform
leaf.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"si*a (#), n.
(Med.) Same as Akinesia.
\'d8Ac`i*ne"t\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / immovable.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are
stationary. See Suctoria.
Ac`i*net"i*form (#), a.
[Acinet\'91 + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling the Acinet\'91.
A*cin"i*form (#), a. [L.
acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F.
acinoforme.] 1. Having the form of
a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.
2. Full of small kernels like a grape.
{ Ac"i*nose` (#), Ac"i*nous
(#) } a. [L. acinosus,
fr. acinus grapestone.] Consisting of
acini, or minute granular concretions; as,
acinose or acinous glands.
Kirwan.
<-- p. 16 -->
\'d8Ac"i*nus (#), n.; pl.
Acini (#). [L., grape,
grapestone.] 1. (Bot.) (a)
One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some
kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc.
(b) A grapestone.
2. (Anat.) One of the granular masses
which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas;
also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose
gland.
Quain.
\'d8Ac`i*pen"ser (#), n. [L.,
the name of a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed
with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head.
See Sturgeon.
Ac"i*ur`gy (#), n. [Gr. / a
point + / work.] Operative surgery.
Ac*know" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + know; AS.
oncn\'bewan.] 1. To
recognize. [Obs.] \'bdYou will not be
acknown, sir.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. To acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
To be acknown (often with of or
on), to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying
of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He
will not be acknown of his fault.
Sir T. More.
Ac*knowl"edge (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acknowledged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acknowledging
(#).] [Prob. fr. pref. a- +
the verb knowledge. See Knowledge, and
ci. Acknow.] 1. To of or
admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to
declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the
being of a God.
I acknowledge my transgressions.
Ps. li. 3.
For ends generally acknowledged to be good.
Macaulay.
2. To own or recognize in a particular character or
relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give
recognition to.
In all thy ways acknowledge Him.
Prov. iii. 6.
By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee.
Shak.
3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an
obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt
of a letter.
They his gifts acknowledged none.
Milton.
4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal
instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form;
as, to acknowledgea deed.
Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow;
concede; confess. -- Acknowledge,
Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to
keep back, or conceal, and supposes that
something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to
others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus,
a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has done
wrong acknowledges his fault; and author
acknowledges his obligation to those who have aided
him; we acknowledge our ignorance.
Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or
not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but
that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on
the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we
recognize a friend after a long absence. We
recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their
evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually
recognize the providence of God in seasons of danger.
A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is
recognized on the ground of his producing satisfactory
credentials. See also Confess.
Ac*knowl"edged*ly (#), adv.
Confessedly.
Ac*knowl"edg*er (#), n. One who
acknowledges.
Ac*knowl"edg*ment (#), n.
1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal;
owning; confession. \'bdAn acknowledgment of
fault.\'b8
Froude.
2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular
character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence,
authority, truth, or genuineness.
Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the
Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip.
Hooker.
3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous
recognition; expression of thanks.
Shak.
4. Something given or done in return for a favor,
message, etc.
Smollett.
5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to
give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a
deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the
officer attesting such declaration.
Acknowledgment money, in some parts of
England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their
landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords.
Cowell.
Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission;
avowal; recognizance.
A*clin"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / to incline.] (Physics.) Without
inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances
itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line
is also termed the magnetic equator.
Prof. August.
Ac"me (#), n. [Gr. / point,
top.] 1. The top or highest point; the
culmination.
The very acme and pitch of life for epic
poetry.
Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of
its supremacy.
I. Taylor.
2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a
disease.
3. Mature age; full bloom of life.
B. Jonson.
Ac"ne (#), n. [NL., prob. a
corruption of Gr. /] (Med.) A pustular
affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous
glands.
Ac*no"dal (#), a. Pertaining to
acnodes.
Ac"node (#), n. [L.
acus needle + E. node.]
(Geom.) An isolated point not upon a curve, but
whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it
is considered as belonging to the curve.
A*cock" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + cock.] In a cocked or
turned up fashion.
A*cock"bill` (#), adv. [Prefix
a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked
up.] (Naut.) (a) Hanging at the
cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor. (b)
Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.
A*cold" (#), a. [Prob. p. p. of
OE. acolen to grow cold or cool, AS.
\'bec\'d3lian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf.
Goth. er-, orig. meaning out) +
c\'d3lian to cool. See Cool.]
Cold. [Obs.] \'bdPoor Tom's
acold.\'b8
Shak.
Ac`o*log"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to acology.
A*col"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
remedy + -logy.] Materia medica; the
science of remedies.
A*col"o*thist (#), n. See
Acolythist.
Ac`o*lyc"tine (#), n. [From the
name of the plant.] (Chem.) An organic
base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from Aconitum
lycoctonum.
Eng. Cyc.
Ac`o*lyte (#), n. [LL.
acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. / following,
attending: cf. F. acolyte.]
1. (Eccl.) One who has received the
highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being
ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the
Mass.
2. One who attends; an assistant. \'bdWith
such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.\'b8
Motley.
Ac"o*lyth (#), n. Same as
Acolyte.
A*col"y*thist (#), n. An
acolyte. [Obs.]
{ A*cond"dy*lose` (#),
A*con"dy*lous (#), } a.
[Gr. / priv. + / joint.] (Nat. Hist.)
Being without joints; jointless.
Ac`o*ni"tal (#), a. Of the
nature of aconite.
Ac"o*nite (#), n. [L.
aconitum, Gr. /: cf. F. aconit.]
1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or
monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus
Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species
of which are poisonous.
2. An extract or tincture obtained from
Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and
medicinally.
Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis
hyemalis) allied to the aconites.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"ti*a (#), n.
(Chem.) Same as Aconitine.
Ac`o*nit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to aconite.
A*con"i*tine (#), n.
(Chem.) An intensely poisonous alkaloid,
extracted from aconite.
\'d8Ac`o*ni"tum (#), n. [L. See
Aconite.] The poisonous herb aconite; also,
an extract from it.
Strong
As aconitum or rash gunpowder.
Shak.
\'d8A*con"ti*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / a little dart.]
(Zo\'94l.) Threadlike defensive organs, composed
largely of nettling cells (cnid\'91), thrown out of
the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when
irritated.
\'d8A*con"ti*as (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. /, fr. /, dim. / dart.]
(Zo\'94l.) Anciently, a snake, called dart
snake; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to
the lizards.
A*cop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / striking. weariness, / to
strike.] (Med.) Relieving weariness;
restorative.
A"corn (#), n. [AS.
\'91cern, fr. \'91cer field, acre; akin to
D. aker acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel.
akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran
fruit, akrs field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See
Acre.] 1. The fruit of the oak,
being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.
2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood
on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the
mast-head.
3. (Zo\'94l.) See
Acorn-shell.
A"corn cup (#). The involucre or cup in
which the acorn is fixed.
A"corned (#), a. 1.
Furnished or loaded with acorns.
2. Fed or filled with acorns.
[R.]
Shak.
A"corn-shell` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the sessile cirripeds; a
barnacle of the genus Balanus. See
Barnacle.
A*cos"mism (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / world.] A denial of the existence of the
universe as distinct from God.
A*cos"mist (#), n. [See
Acosmism.] One who denies the existence of
the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God.
G. H. Lewes.
A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n.
[Gr. / priv. + / anything cup-shaped. See
Cotyledon.] (Bot.) A plant which
has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.
A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a.
Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants
which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.
A*cou"chy (#), n. [F.
acouchi, from the native name Guiana.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small species of agouti
(Dasyprocta acouchy).
A*cou"me*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
to hear + -meter.] (Physics.) An
instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of
hearing.
Itard.
A*cou"me*try (#), n. [Gr. /
to hear + -metry.] The measuring of the
power or extent of hearing.
A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. [F.
acoustique, Gr. / relating to hearing, fr. / to
hear.] Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs
of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory.
Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external
passage of the ear. -- Acoustic telegraph, a
telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. --
Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped
like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the
actors, so as to render them audible to a great
distance.
A*cous"tic, n. A medicine or agent to
assist hearing.
A*cous"tic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to acoustics.
A*cous"tic*al*ly (#), adv. In
relation to sound or to hearing.
Tyndall.
Ac`ous*ti"cian (#), n. One
versed in acoustics.
Tyndall.
A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. [Names
of sciences in -ics, as, acoustics,
mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular.
See -ics.] (Physics.) The science
of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very
considerable branch of physics.
Sir J. Herschel.
diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds
coming directly from the ear; and catacoustica, which
treats of reflected sounds or echoes.
Ac*quaint" (#), a. [OF.
acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.]
Acquainted. [Obs.]
Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquainting.] [OE.
aqueinten, acointen, OF.
acointier, LL. adcognitare, fr. L. ad
+ cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know;
con- + noscere to know. See
Quaint, Know.] 1. To
furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know;
to make familiar; -- followed by with.
Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be
acquainted with it.
Locke.
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.
Isa. liii. 3.
2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make
cognizant; -- followed by with (formerly, also, by
of), or by that, introducing the
intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the
particulars of an act.
Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love.
Shak.
I must acquaint you that I have received
New dated letters from Northumberland.
Shak.
3. To familiarize; to accustom.
[Obs.]
Evelyn.
To be acquainted with, to be possessed of
personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less
familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse
with.
Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.
Ac*quaint"a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
OF. acointable]. Easy to be acquainted
with; affable. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Ac*quaint"ance (#), n. [OE.
aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr.
acointier. See Acquaint.] 1.
A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more
than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained
by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I
know the man; but have no acquaintance with
him.
Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with
a guileful man.
Sir W. Jones.
2. A person or persons with whom one is
acquainted.
Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson.
Macaulay.
acquaintance was formerly both singular and plural,
but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural
acquaintances.
To be of acquaintance, to be intimate. --
To take acquaintance of or
with, to make the acquaintance of.
[Obs.]
Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge.
-- Acquaintance, Familiarity,
Intimacy. These words mark different degrees of
closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises
from occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has
been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate
acquaintance. Familiarity is the result of
continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being
frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve;
as, the familiarity of old companions.
Intimacy is the result of close connection, and the
freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy of
established friendship.
Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer
acquaintance with him.
Addison.
We contract at last such a familiarity with them as
makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds.
Atterbury.
It is in our power to confine our friendships and
intimacies to men of virtue.
Rogers.
Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n. A state of being
acquainted; acquaintance.
Southey.
Ac*quaint"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
acointant, p. pr.] An acquaintance.
[R.]
Swift.
Ac*quaint"ed, a. Personally known;
familiar. See To be acquainted with, under
Acquaint, v. t.
Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n. State of being
acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.]
Boyle.
Ac*quest" (#), n. [OF.
aquest, F. acqu\'88t, fr. LL.
acquestum, acquis\'c6tum, for L.
acquis\'c6tum, p. p. (used substantively) of
acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]
1. Acquisition; the thing gained.
[R.]
Bacon.
2. (Law) Property acquired by purchase,
gift, or otherwise than by inheritance.
Bouvier.
Ac`qui*esce" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Acquiesced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiescing
(#)] [L. acquiescere;
ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr. quies rest:
cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]
1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or
to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying
previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by
silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by in,
formerly also by with and to.
They were compelled to acquiesce in a government
which they did not regard as just.
De Quincey.
2. To concur upon conviction; as, to
acquiesce in an opinion; to assent to; usually, to
concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.
Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent;
accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.
Ac`qui*es"cence (#), n. [Cf. F.
acquiescence.]
1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a
submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed
consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or
open discontent; quiet satisfaction.
2. (Crim. Law) (a) Submission
to an injury by the party injured. (b) Tacit
concurrence in the action of another.
Wharton.
p. 17
Ac`qui*es"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.
Ac`qui*es"cent (#), a. [L.
acquiescens, -/entis; p. pr.]
Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit;
assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.
Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In an
acquiescent manner.
Ac*qui"et (#), v. t. [LL.
acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See
Quiet and cf. Acquit.] To
quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own
peace.
Sir A. Sherley.
Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being acquirable; attainableness.
[R.]
Paley.
Ac*quir"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being acquired.
Ac*quire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Acquired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring
(#).] [L. acquirere,
acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In
OE. was a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF.
aquerre. See Quest..] To gain,
usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; as, to
acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad
habits.
No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by
step.
Barrow.
Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his
ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of
representation, as his heir at law.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure.
See Obtain.
Ac*quire"ment (#), n. The act
of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment.
\'bdRules for the acquirement of a taste.\'b8
Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched
and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature.
Hayward.
Syn. -- Acquisition, Acquirement.
Acquirement is used in opposition to a natural
gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting,
are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of
nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in
opposition to material or external things gained, which are more
usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is
not always observed.
Ac*quir"er (#), n. A person who
acquires.
Ac*quir"y (#), n.
Acquirement. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Ac"qui*site (#), a. [L.
acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See
Acquire.] Acquired. [Obs.]
Burton.
Ac`qui*si"tion (#), n. [L.
acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F.
acquisition. See Acquire.] 1.
The act or process of acquiring.
The acquisition or loss of a province.
Macaulay.
2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a
gain; as, learning is an acquisition.
Syn. -- See Acquirement.
Ac*quis"i*tive (#), a. 1.
Acquired. [Obs.]
He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native
soil.
Wotton.
2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions;
acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or
disposition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In the way of
acquisition.
Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property;
desire of possession.
2. (Phren.) The faculty to which the
phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and
possessing.
Combe.
Ac*quis"i*tor (#), n. One who
acquires.
Ac*quist" (#), n. [Cf.
Acquest.] Acquisition; gain.
Milton.
Ac*quit" (#), p. p. Acquitted;
set free; rid of. [Archaic]
Shak.
Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acquitting.] [OE. aquiten,
OF. aquiter, F. acquitter; /
(L. ad) + OF. quiter, F.
quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf.
Acquiet.] 1. To discharge, as a
claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.
A responsibility that can never be absolutely
acquitted.
I. Taylor.
2. To pay for; to atone for.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To set free, release or discharge from an
obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or
charge; -- now followed by of before the charge,
formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted
the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil
intentions.
4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's
self.k. (b) To bear or conduct one's self; to
perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted
himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself
very poorly.
Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate;
release; discharge. See Absolve.
Ac*quit"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aquitement.] Acquittal.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ac*quit"tal (#), n. 1.
The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation;
acquittance.
2. (Law) A setting free, or deliverance
from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence
of a court.
Bouvier.
Ac*quit"tance (#), n. [OF.
aquitance, fr. aquiter. See
Acquit.] 1. The clearing off of debt
or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other
liability.
2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a
receipt in full, which bars a further demand.
You can produce acquittances
For such a sum, from special officers.
Shak.
Ac*quit"tance, v. t. To acquit.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*quit"ter (#), n. One who
acquits or releases.
\'d8A*cra"ni*a (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / priv. + / skull.] 1.
(Physiol.) Partial or total absence of the
skull.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest
group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull
exists.
A*cra"ni*al (#), a. Wanting a
skull.
{ A*crase", A*craze" }
(#), v. t. [Pref. a- +
crase; or cf. F. \'82craser to crush. See
Crase, Craze.]
1. To craze. [Obs.]
Grafton.
2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.]
Hacket.
{ \'d8A*cra"si*a (#), Ac"ra*sy
(#) } n. [Gr.
akrasia.] Excess; intemperance.
[Obs. except in Med.]
Farindon.
\'d8A*cras"pe*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / border.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including most of
the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.
A"cre (#), n. [OE.
aker, AS. \'91cer; akin to OS.
accar, OHG. achar, Ger. acker,
Icel. akr, Sw. \'86ker, Dan.
ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr.
/, Skr. ajra. \'fb2, 206.] 1.
Any field of arable or pasture land.
[Obs.]
2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or
4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English
statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch
acre was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62
of the English.
acre was limited to its present
definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and
Henry VIII.
Broad acres, many acres, much landed estate.
[Rhetorical] -- God's acre,
God's field; the churchyard.
I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
The burial ground, God's acre.
Longfellow.
A"cre*a*ble (#), a. Of an acre;
per acre; as, the acreable produce.
A"cre*age (#), n. Acres
collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a
country.
A"cred (#), a. Possessing acres
or landed property; -- used in composition; as,
large-acred men.
Ac"rid (#), a. [L.
acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to
acid. See Eager.] 1.
Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent;
as, acrid salts.
2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as,
acrid secretions.
3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as,
acrid temper, mind, writing.
Acrid poison, a poison which irritates,
corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.
{ A*crid"i*ty (#), Ac"rid*ness
(#) } n. The quality of being
acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; as, the
acridity of a plant, of a speech.
Ac"rid*ly (#), adv. In an acid
manner.
Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf.
LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]
1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious
gall. [Archaic]
Harvey.
2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as,
acrimonious dispute, language, temper.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In an
acrimonious manner.
Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.
Ac"ri*mo*ny (#), n.; pl.
Acrimonies (#). [L.
acrimonia, fr. acer, sharp: cf. F.
acrimonie.] 1. A quality of bodies
which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting
sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain
plants. [Archaic]
Bacon.
2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper;
irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.
John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and
indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of
theirs.
South.
Syn. -- Acrimony, Asperity,
Harshness, Tartness. These words
express different degrees of angry feeling or language.
Asperity and harshness arise from angry
feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others.
Harshness usually denotes needless severity or an
undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting
sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness
denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual
readiness. Tartness of reply; harshness of
accusation; acrimony of invective.
In his official letters he expressed, with great
acrimony, his contempt for the king's character.
Macaulay.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess
obligations where no benefit has been received.
Johnson.
A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of
harshness and brutality.
Shaftesbury.
{ \'d8A*cris"i*a (#), Ac"ri*sy
(#), } n. [LL. acrisia,
Gr. /; / priv. + / to separate, to decide.]
1. Inability to judge.
2. (Med.) Undecided character of a
disease. [Obs.]
\'d8Ac"ri*ta (#), n. pl. [NL.,
from Gr. / indiscernible; / priv. + / to
distinguish.] (Zo\'94l.) The lowest groups
of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.
Ac"ri*tan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Acrita. --
n. An individual of the Acrita.
Ac"rite (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Acritan.
Owen.
A*crit"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / critical.] (Med.) Having no
crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as,
acritical symptoms, an acritical
abscess.
Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy (#), n.
[Gr. / undistinguishable; / priv. + / to separate,
distinguish + / color.] Color blindness;
achromatopsy.
Ac"ri*tude (#), n. [L.
acritudo, from acer sharp.]
Acridity; pungency joined with heat.
[Obs.]
Ac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F.
\'83cret\'82.] Sharpness; keenness.
[Obs.]
{ Ac`ro*a*mat"ic (#),
Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /, fr. / to hear.] Communicated orally;
oral; -- applied to the esoteric teachings of
Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in
distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were
adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse;
profound.
Ac`ro*at"ic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to hear.] Same as Acroamatic.
Ac"ro*bat (#), n. [F.
acrobate, fr. Gr. / walking on tiptoe, climbing
aloft; / high + / to go.] One who practices rope
dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.
Ac`ro*bat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
acrobatique.] Pertaining to an
acrobat.
-- Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ac"ro*bat*ism (#), n. Feats of
the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.
Ac`ro*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. /
extreme, highest + / fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) Having a terminal fructification; having the
fruit at the end of the stalk. (b) Having the
fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain
mosses.
Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ highest + /. See Cephalic.]
Characterized by a high skull.
Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly (#), n.
Loftiness of skull.
Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an (#), a. [L.
acroceraunius, fr. Gr. / high, n. pl. / heights +
/ thunderbolt.] Of or pertaining to the high
mountain range of \'bdthunder-smitten\'b8 peaks (now Kimara),
between Epirus and Macedonia.
Shelley.
\'d8Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. / topmost + / finger.]
(Zo\'94l.) The upper surface of the toes,
individually.
Ac"ro*dont (#), n. [Gr. /
summit + /, /, a tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the
top of the alveolar ridge. -- a. Of or pertaining to
the acrodonts.
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme, high + -gen.]
Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme, high + -gen.] (Bot.) A
plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns,
etc. See Cryptogamia.
The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the
age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.
Ac*rog"e*nous (#), a.
(Bot.) Increasing by growth from the extremity;
as, an acrogenous plant.
A*cro"le*in (#), n. [L.
acer sharp + ol\'c7re to smell.]
(Chem.) A limpid, colorless, highly volatile
liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the
destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its
vapors are intensely irritating.
Watts.
Ac"ro*lith (#), n. [L.
acrolthus, Gr. / with the ends made of
stone; / extreme + / stone.] (Arch. &
Sculp.) A statue whose extremities are of stone, the
trunk being generally of wood.
Elmes.
{ A*crol"i*than (#),
Ac`ro*lith"ic (#), } a.
Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.
Ac`ro*meg"a*ly (#), n. [NL.
acromegalia, fr. Gr. / point, peak + /, /,
big.] (Med.) Chronic enlargement of the
extremities and face.
A*cro"mi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
acromial.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the acromion.
Dunglison.
\'d8A*cro"mi*on (#), n. [Gr.
/; / extreme + / shoulder: cf. F.
acromion.] (Anat.) The outer
extremity of the shoulder blade.
Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic (#), a.
[Gr. / extreme + / alone + / a letter.]
Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with
which the preceding verse ends.
{ A*cron"yc (#), A*cron"ych*al
(#), } a. [Gr. / at nightfall;
/ + / night.] (Astron.) Rising at
sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to
cosmical.
acronical, achronychal,
acronichal, and acronical.
A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv. In an acronycal
manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and vise
vers\'83.
Ac"ro*nyc"tous (#), a. [Gr.
/; / + /, /, night.] (Astron.)
Acronycal.
A*crook" (#), adv.
Crookedly. [R.]
Udall.
A*crop"e*tal (#), a. [Gr. /
summit + L. petere to seek.] (Bot.)
Developing from below towards the apex, or from the
circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain
inflorescence.
A*chroph"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. /
extreme + / sound.] The use of a picture symbol of
an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name
of the object.
\'d8Ac`ro*po"di*um (#), n. [Gr.
/ topmost + /, /, foot.] (Zo\'94l.)
The entire upper surface of the foot.
A*crop"o*lis (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ extreme + / city.] The upper part, or the
citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of
Athens.
Ac"ro*pol"i*tan (#), a.
Pertaining to an acropolis.
Ac"ro*spire (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ anything twisted.] (Bot.) The sprout at
the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in
germination; -- so called from its spiral form.
Ac"ro*spire, v. i. To put forth the
first sprout.
Ac"ro*spore (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ fruit.] (Bot.) A spore borne at the
extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.
Ac"ro*spor"ous (#), a. Having
acrospores.
A*cross" (#; 115), prep. [Pref.
a- + cross: cf. F. en croix. See
Cross, n.] From side to side; athwart;
crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over;
as, a bridge laid across a river.
Dryden.
To come across, to come upon or meet
incidentally. Freeman. -- To go across the
country, to go by a direct course across a region
without following the roads.
A*cross", adv. 1. From side to
side; crosswise; as, with arms folded
across.
Shak.
2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry.
[Obs.]
The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the
actions of Christ.
Bp. Hall.
A*cros"tic (#) (#), n.
[Gr. /; / extreme + / order, line, verse.]
1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the
first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters,
taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.
2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas
begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm
cxix.). See Abecedarian.
Double acrostic, a species of enigma<--
crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose
initial and final letters form other words.
{ A*cros"tic (#), A*cros"ti*al
(#), } n. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, acrostics.
A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv. After the manner
of an acrostic.
\'d8Ac`ro*tar"si*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. / topmost + / tarsus.]
(Zo\'94l.) The instep or front of the
tarsus.
<-- p. 18 -->
Ac`ro*te*leu"tic (#), n. [Gr.
/ extreme + / end.] (Eccles.) The end
of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by
the people, by way of a response.
Ac"ro*ter (#), n. [F.
acrot\'8are. See Acroterium.]
(Arch.) Same as Acroterium.
Ac`ro*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Ac`ro*te`ri*um (#), n.; pl.
Acrotplwia (#). [L., fr. Gr. /
summit, fr. / topmost.] (Arch.) (a)
One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments,
placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment.
Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic
architecture. J. H. Parker. (b) One
of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof
balustrade.
A*crot"ic (#), a. [Gr. / an
extreme, fr. /.] (Med.) Pertaining to or
affecting the surface.
Ac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / a rattling, beating.] (Med.)
Lack or defect of pulsation.
A*crot"o*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
cut off sharp; / extreme + / to cut.] (Min.)
Having a cleavage parallel with the base.
A*cryl"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical
of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic
acid.
Act (#), n. [L.
actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F.
acte. See Agent.] 1. That
which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of
which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.
That best portion of a good man's life,
His little, nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love.
Wordsworth.
Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public
deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative
body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law,
judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament,
or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn
writing, expressing that something has been done.
Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a
play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work
in which a certain definite part of the action is
completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public,
in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to
show the proficiency of a student.
2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed
to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.]
The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in
possibility, what they afterward grow to be.
Hooker.
3. Process of doing; action. In act, in
the very doing; on the point of (doing). \'bdIn
act to shoot.\'b8
Dryden.
This woman was taken . . . in the very act.
John viii. 4.
Act of attainder. (Law) See
Attainder. -- Act of bankruptcy
(Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable
to be adjudged a bankrupt. -- Act of faith.
(Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-F\'82. --
Act of God (Law), an inevitable
accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of
events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which
ordinary prudence could not guard. -- Act of
grace, an expression often used to designate an act
declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the
beginning of a new reign. -- Act of indemnity,
a statute passed for the protection of those who have
committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties.
Abbott. -- Act in pais, a thing done out
of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter
of record.
Syn. -- See Action.
Act, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Acting.] [L. actus, p. p. of
agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E.
act, n.] 1. To move to action; to
actuate; to animate. [Obs.]
Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.
Pope.
2. To perform; to execute; to do.
[Archaic]
That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no
greater than our necessity.
Jer. Taylor.
Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of
acting things expedient for us to do.
Barrow.
Uplifted hands that at convenient times
Could act extortion and the worst of crimes.
Cowper.
3. To perform, as an actor; to represent
dramatically on the stage.
4. To assume the office or character of; to play;
to personate; as, to act the hero.
5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.
With acted fear the villain thus pursued.
Dryden.
To act a part, to sustain the part of one of
the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble.
-- To act the part of, to take the character of;
to fulfill the duties of.
Act, v. i. 1. To exert power;
to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon
food.
2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put
forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry
into effect a determination of the will.
He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest.
Pope.
3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private
duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as,
we know not why he has acted so.
4. To perform on the stage; to represent a
character.
To show the world how Garrick did not act.
Cowper.
To act as for, to do the
work of; to serve as. -- To act on, to
regulate one's conduct according to. -- To act up
to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as,
he has acted up to his engagement or his
advantages.<-- to act up, to misbehave -->
Act"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being acted.
Tennyson.
Ac"ti*nal (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth.
L. Agassiz.
\'d8Ac`ti*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. /, /, ray.] (Zo\'94l.)
A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have
simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a
wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria,
whether forming corals or not.
Act"ing (#), a. 1.
Operating in any way.
2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an
superintendent.
\'d8Ac*tin"i*a (#), n.; pl. L.
Actini\'91 (#), E. Actinias
(#). [Latinized fr. Gr. /, /, ray.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal of the class
Anthozoa, and family Actinid\'91. From a resemblance
to flowers in form and color, they are often called
animal flowers and sea
anemones. [See Polyp.]. (b)
A genus in the family Actinid\'91.
Ac*tin"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.
Ac*tin"i*form (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -form.] Having a radiated form,
like a sea anemone.
Ac"tin*ism (#), n. [Gr. /,
/ ray.] The property of radiant energy (found
chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are
produced, as in photography.
Ac*tin"i*um (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray.] (Chem.) A supposed metal, said
by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called
because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to
light.
Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try (#), n.
Chemistry in its relations to actinism.
Draper.
Ac*tin"o*graph (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -graph.] An instrument for
measuring and recording the variations in the actinic
or chemical force of rays of light.
Nichol.
Ac"tin*oid (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -oid.] Having the form of rays;
radiated, as an actinia.
Ac*tin"o*lite (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + -lite.] (Min.) A
bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or
columnar masses.
Ac`tin*o*lit"ic (#), a.
(Min.) Of the nature of, or containing,
actinolite.
Ac`ti*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -logy.] The science which
treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical
rays.
Ac*tin"o*mere (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + / part.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
radial segments composing the body of one of the
C\'d2lenterata.
Ac`ti*nom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, ray + -meter] (a) An
instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's
rays. (b) An instrument for measuring the
actinic effect of rays of light.
Ac`ti*no*met"ric (#), a.
Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar
rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.
Ac`ti*nom"e*try (#), n. 1.
The measurement of the force of solar radiation.
Maury.
2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic
energy of light.
Abney.
Ac`ti*noph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/, /, ray + / to bear.] Having straight
projecting spines.
Ac*tin"o*some (#), n. [Gr. /
ray + / body.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire body
of a c\'d2lenterate.
Ac"tin*ost (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, ray + / bone.] (Anat.) One of the bones at the
base of a paired fin of a fish.
Ac*tin"o*stome (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, a ray + / mouth.] (Zo\'94l.)
The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate
animal.
\'d8Ac`ti*not"ro*cha (#), n. pl.
[NL.; Gr. /, /, a ray + / a ring.]
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar larval form of
Phoronis, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of
ciliated tentacles.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[Gr. /, /, ray + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising
the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a
familiar example.
Ac`ti*no*zo"al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Actinozoa.
\'d8Ac*tin"u*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, a ray.] (Zo\'94l.)
A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia),
having a stellate form.
Ac"tion (#), n. [OF.
action, L. actio, fr. agere to
do. See Act.] 1. A process or
condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of
something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on
another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another;
agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat;
a man of action.
One wise in council, one in action brave.
Pope.
2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise.
(pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior;
demeanor.
The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions
are weighed.
1 Sam. ii. 3.
3. The event or connected series of events, either
real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other
composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.
4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited
action.
5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also,
mechanism; as, the breech action of a
gun.
6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active
processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function;
as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the
gastric juice.
7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external
deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice,
gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the
feelings.
8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or
position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the
sentiment or passion depicted.
9. (Law) (a) A suit or process,
by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a
broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or
protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or
the punishment of a public offense. (b) A
right of action; as, the law gives an action for
every claim.
10. (Com.)A share in the capital stock
of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the
plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism]
[Obs.]
The Euripus of funds and actions.
Burke.
11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on
land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general
action, a partial action.
12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance
by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is
transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an
organ pipe.
Grove.
Chose in action. (Law) See
Chose. -- Quantity of action
(Physics), the product of the mass of a body by
the space it runs through, and its velocity.
Syn. -- Action, Act. In many
cases action and act are synonymous; but
some distinction is observable. Action involves the
mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying
some time in doing. Act has more reference to the
effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends
who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action.
C. J. Smith.
Ac"tion*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
actionabilis. See Action.] That
may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to call a
man a thief is actionable.
Ac"tion*a*bly, adv. In an actionable
manner.
{ Ac"tion*a*ry (#), Ac"tion*ist
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
actionnaire.] (Com.) A
shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]
Ac"tion*less, a. Void of action.
Ac"ti*vate (#), v. t. To make
active. [Obs.]
Ac"tive (#), a. [F.
actif, L. activus, fr. agere to
act.] 1. Having the power or quality of
acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;
-- opposed to passive, that receives; as, certain
active principles; the powers of the mind.
2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and
vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or
animal.
Active and nervous was his gait.
Wordsworth.
3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in
force; -- opposed to quiescent,
dormant, or extinct; as,
active laws; active hostilities; an
active volcano.
4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action;
energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to dull,
sluggish, indolent, or inert;
as, an active man of business; active mind;
active zeal.
5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; --
opposed to sedentary or to tranquil;
as, active employment or service; active
scenes.
6. Given to action rather than contemplation;
practical; operative; -- opposed to speculative or
theoretical; as, an active rather than a
speculative statesman.
7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand
for corn.
8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an
active disease; an active remedy.
9. (Gram.) (a) Applied to a
form of the verb; -- opposed to passive. See
Active voice, under Voice.
(b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject
acts upon or affects something else; transitive.
(c) Applied to all verbs that express action as
distinct from mere existence or state.
Active capital, Active
wealth, money, or property that may readily be
converted into money.
Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively;
quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.
Ac"tive*ly, adv. 1. In an
active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own
action; voluntarily, not passively.
2. (Gram.) In an active signification;
as, a word used actively.
Ac"tive*ness, n. The quality of being
active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.
Ac*tiv"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Activities (#). [Cf. F.
activit\'82, LL. activitas.] The
state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous
action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing
variety of human activities. \'bdThe
activity of toil.\'b8
Palfrey.
Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.
Act"less (#), a. Without action
or spirit. [R.]
Ac"ton (#), n. [OF.
aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a
quilted jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon,
cotton. Cf. Cotton.] A stuffed jacket worn
under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail.
[Spelled also hacqueton.]
[Obs.]
Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.
Ac"tor (#), n. [L.
actor, fr. agere to act.] 1.
One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.
2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.
After a well graced actor leaves the stage.
Shak.
3. (Law) (a) An advocate or
proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs.
(b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or
complainant.
Ac`tress (#), n. [Cf. F.
actrice.] 1. A female actor or
doer. [Obs.]
Cockeram.
2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a
part.
Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. [OE.
actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis,
fr. agere to do, act.] 1.
Involving or comprising action; active.
[Obs.]
Her walking and other actual performances.
Shak.
Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that
is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or
acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to potential,
possible, virtual, speculative,
coceivable, theoretical, or
nominal; as, the actual cost of goods;
the actual case under discussion.
3. In action at the time being; now exiting;
present; as the actual situation of the country.
Actual cautery. See under
Cautery. -- Actual sin
(Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by
ourselves in contradistinction to \'bdoriginal
sin.\'b8
Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain. See
Real.
<-- p. 19 -->
Ac"tu*al (#), n.
(Finance) Something actually received; real, as
distinct from estimated, receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real
receipts: not, in financial language, \'bdactuals,\'b8
but only Egyptian budget estimates.
Fortnightly Review.
Ac"tu*al*ist, n. One who deals with or
considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than
fancies or theories; -- opposed to idealist.
J. Grote.
Ac`tu*al"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Actualities (#). The state of
being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's
nature.
South.
Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion (#), n. A
making actual or really existent. [R.]
Emerson.
Ac"tu*al*ize (#), v. t. To make
actual; to realize in action. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ac"tu*al*ly, adv. 1.
Actively. [Obs.] \'bdNeither
actually . . . nor passively.\'b8
Fuller.
2. In act or in fact; really; in truth;
positively.
Ac"tu*al*ness, n. Quality of being
actual; actuality.
Ac`tu*a"ri*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of
an annuity.
Ac"tu*a*ry (#), n.; pl.
Actuaries (#). [L.
actuarius copyist, clerk, fr. actus, p. p.
of agere to do, act.] 1.
(Law) A registar or clerk; -- used originally in
courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk
or registar generally.
2. The computing official of an insurance company;
one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies
the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other
insurances.
Ac"tu*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Actuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating
(#).] [LL. actuatus, p. p.
of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]
1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite
to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more
commonly used of persons.
Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by
the perpetual motion.
Johnson.
Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition;
and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least
actuated by it.
Addison.
2. To carry out in practice; to perform.
[Obs.] \'bdTo actuate what you
command.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate;
animate.
Ac"tu*ate (#), a. [LL.
actuatus, p. p. of actuare.] Put
in action; actuated. [Obs.]
South.
Ac`tu*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. LL.
actuatio.] A bringing into action;
movement.
Bp. Pearson.
Ac"tu*a`tor (#), n. One who
actuates, or puts into action. [R.]
Melville.
Ac"tu*ose` (#), a. [L.
actuosus.] Very active.
[Obs.]
Ac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n. Abundant
activity. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ac"ture (#), n. Action.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ac*tu"ri*ence (#), n. [A desid.
of L. agere, actum, to act.]
Tendency or impulse to act. [R.]
Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or
another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the
imagination of something desirable.
J. Grote.
Ac"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
acus needle.] To sharpen; to make pungent;
to quicken. [Obs.] \'bd[To] acuate
the blood.\'b8
Harvey.
Ac"u*ate (#), a. Sharpened;
sharp-pointed.
Ac`u*a"tion (#), n. Act of
sharpening. [R.]
Ac`u*i"tion (#), n. [L.
acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of
acuere to sharpen.] The act of
sharpening. [Obs.]
A*cu"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
acuitas: cf. F. acuit\'82.]
Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.
A*cu"le*ate (#), a. [L.
aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a
prickle.
2. (Bot.) Having prickles, or sharp
points; beset with prickles.
3. Severe or stinging; incisive.
[R.]
Bacon.
A*cu"le*a`ted (#), a. Having a
sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.
A*cu"le*i*form (#), a. Like a
prickle.
A*cu"le*o*late (#), a. [L.
aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.)
Having small prickles or sharp points.
Gray.
A*cu"le*ous (#), a.
Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
\'d8A*cu"le*us (#), n.; pl.
Aculei (#). [L., dim. of
acus needle.] 1. (Bot.)
A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and
roses.
Lindley.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sting.
A*cu"men (#), n. [L.
acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf.
Acute.] Quickness of perception or
discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice
discrimination.
Selden.
Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness;
acuteness.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), a. [L.
acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen,
fr. acumen. See Acumen.] Tapering
to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth,
etc.
A*cu"mi*nate (#), v. t. To
render sharp or keen. [R.] \'bdTo
acuminate even despair.\'b8
Cowper.
A*cu"mi*nate, v. i. To end in, or come
to, a sharp point. \'bdAcuminating in a cone of
prelacy.\'b8
Milton.
A*cu`mi*na"tion (#), n. A
sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point.
Bp. Pearson.
A*cu"mi*nose` (#), a.
Terminating in a flat, narrow end.
Lindley.
A*cu"mi*nous (#), a.
Characterized by acumen; keen.
Highmore.
Ac`u*pres"sure (#), n. [L.
acus needle + premere, pressum,
to press.] (Surg.) A mode of arresting
hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by
passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are
left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface.
Simpson.
Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion (#), n.
See Acupuncture.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), n. [L.
acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr.
pungere to prick: cf. F.
acuponcture.] Pricking with a needle; a
needle prick. Specifically (Med.): The
insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial
purposes.
Ac`u*punc"ture (#), v. t. To
treat with acupuncture.
A*cus"tum*aunce (#), n. See
Accustomance. [Obs.]
A*cut"an`gu*lar (#), a.
Acute-angled.
A*cute" (#), a. [L.
acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a
root ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute,
Edge.] 1. Sharp at the end; ending
in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to blunt or
obtuse; as, an acute angle; an
acute leaf.
2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using
minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to
dull or stupid; as, an acute
observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.
3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to
slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen;
intense; as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or
feeling; acute pain or pleasure.
4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound;
-- opposed to grave or low; as, an
acute tone or accent.
5. (Med.) Attended with symptoms of some
degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed
to chronic; as, an acute
disease.
Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less
than a right angle.
Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating;
sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See
Subtile.
A*cute", v. t. To give an acute sound
to; as, he acutes his rising inflection too
much. [R.]
Walker.
A*cute"*an`gled (#), a. Having
acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle,
a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right
angle.
A*cute"ly, adv. In an acute manner;
sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.
A*cute"ness, n. 1. The quality
of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the
acuteness of an angle.
2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception;
acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the
senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling,
we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by
acuteness of intellect, we discern nice
distinctions.
Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness
interested in bringing it to a successful close.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.
4. (Med.) Violence of a disease, which
brings it speedily to a crisis.
Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity;
shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.
A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having sharp-pointed leaves.
A*cu`ti*lo"bate (#), a. [L.
acutus sharp + E. lobe.]
(Bot.) Having acute lobes, as some leaves.
\'d8Ad- (#). [A Latin preposition,
signifying to. See At.] As a
prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-,
af-, ag-, al-, an-,
ap-, ar-, as-, at-,
assimilating the d with the first letter of the word
to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before
vowels, and before d, h, j,
m, v. Examples: adduce,
adhere, adjacent, admit,
advent, accord, affect,
aggregate, allude, annex,
appear, etc. It becomes ac- before
qu, as in acquiesce.
Ad*act" (#), v. t. [L.
adactus, p. p. of adigere.] To
compel; to drive. [Obs.]
Fotherby.
{ A*dac"tyl (#), A*dac"tyl*ous
(#), } a. [Gr. / priv. + /
finger.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Without
fingers or without toes. (b) Without claws on
the feet (of crustaceous animals).
Ad"age (#), n. [F.
adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the
root of L. aio I say.] An old saying, which
has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.
Letting \'bdI dare not\'b8 wait upon \'bdI would,\'b8
Like the poor cat i' the adage.
Shak.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw;
apothegm. See Axiom.
A*da"gi*al (#), a. Pertaining
to an adage; proverbial. \'bdAdagial verse.\'b8
Barrow.
\'d8A*da"gio (#), a. & adv.
[It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at
+ agio convenience, leisure, ease. See
Agio.] (Mus.) Slow; slowly,
leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio,
adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.
\'d8A*da"gio, n. A piece of music in
adagio time; a slow movement; as, an
adagio of Haydn.
Ad"am (#), n. 1. The
name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the
human race.
2. (As a symbol) \'bdOriginal sin;\'b8
human frailty.
And whipped the offending Adam out of him.
Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.]
-- Adam's apple. 1. (Bot.)
(a) A species of banana (Musa
paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more.
Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris
limetta). 2. The projection formed by the
thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in
males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the
forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first
parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.),
the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). --
Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name
of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.
Ad"a*mant (#), n. [OE.
adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF.
adamant, L. adamas, adamantis,
the hardest metal, fr. Gr. /, /; / priv. + / to tame,
subdue. In OE., from confusion with L. adamare to
love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as
in OF. and LL. See Diamond, Tame.]
1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable
hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of
extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical
signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the
embodiment of impenetrable hardness.
Opposed the rocky orb
Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield.
Milton.
2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.]
\'bdA great adamant of acquaintance.\'b8
Bacon.
As true to thee as steel to adamant.
Greene.
Ad`a*man*te"an (#), a. [L.
adamant\'c7us.] Of adamant; hard as
adamant.
Milton.
Ad`a*man"tine (#), a. [L.
adamantinus, Gr. /.] 1. Made of
adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being
broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine
bonds or chains.
2. (Min.) Like the diamond in hardness
or luster.
Ad`am*bu*la"cral (#), a. [L.
ad + E. ambulacral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Next to the ambulacra; as, the
adambulacral ossicles of the starfish.
{ A*dam"ic (#), A*dam"ic*al
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
Adam, or resembling him.
Adamic earth, a name given to common red clay,
from a notion that Adam means red
earth.
Ad"am*ite (#), n. [From
Adam.] 1. A descendant of Adam; a
human being.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam,
discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.
Ad"am's ap"ple (#). See under
Adam.
A*dance" (#), adv.
Dancing.
Lowell.
A*dan"gle (#), adv.
Dangling.
Browning.
\'d8Ad`an*so"ni*a (#), n. [From
Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.)
A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two
species, A. digitata, the baobab or
monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A.
Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of
Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous
diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and
filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the
bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.
D. C. Eaton.
A*dapt" (#), a. Fitted;
suited. [Obs.]
Swift.
A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adapting.] [L. adaptare;
ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See
Apt, Adept.] To make suitable; to
fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; --
sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right,
To your decays adapts my sight.
Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature.
Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy
persons.
Macaulay.
{ A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty (#),
A*dapt"a*ble*ness (#), } n.
The quality of being adaptable; suitableness.
\'bdGeneral adaptability for every purpose.\'b8
Farrar.
A*dapt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adapted.
Ad`ap*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]
1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or
the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness.
\'bdAdaptation of the means to the end.\'b8
Erskine.
2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.
A*dapt"a*tive (#), a.
Adaptive.
Stubbs.
A*dapt"ed*ness (#), n. The
state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special
fitness.
A*dapt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adapts.
2. (Chem.) A connecting tube; an
adopter.
<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g.
tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different
plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for
purposes other than originally intended -->
A*dap"tion (#), n.
Adaptation.
Cheyne.
A*dapt"ive (#), a. Suited,
given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation;
capable of adapting. Coleridge. --
A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dapt"ive*ness, n. The quality of being
adaptive; capacity to adapt.
A*dapt"ly, adv. In a suitable
manner. [R.]
Prior.
A*dapt"ness, n. Adaptedness.
[R.]
Ad`ap*to"ri*al (#), a.
Adaptive. [R.]
\'d8A"dar (#), n. [Heb.
ad\'84r.] The twelfth month of the Hebrew
ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded
nearly with March.
\'d8A*dar"ce (#), n. [L.
adarce, adarca, Gr. /.] A
saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in
Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for
cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in
leprosy.
Dana.
\'d8Ad"a*tis (#), n. A fine
cotton cloth of India.
A*daunt" (#), v. t. [OE.
adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter;
\'85 (L. ad) + donter, F.
dompter. See Daunt.] To daunt; to
subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.]
Skelton.
A*daw" (#), v. t. [Cf. OE.
adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days,
i. e., from life, out of life.]
To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw.
Spenser.
A*daw", v. t. & i. [OE.
adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-) + dawen,
dagon, to dawn. See Daw.] To
awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep
He may not suddenly well taken keep
Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly
Till that he be adawed verily.
Chaucer.
A*days" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- (for on) + day; the final
s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming
adverbs.] By day, or every day; in the daytime.
[Obs.]
Fielding.
\'d8Ad cap*tan"dum (#). [L., for
catching.] A phrase used adjectively sometimes of
meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.
Add (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n.
Adding.] [L. addere; ad
+ dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]
1. To give by way of increased possession
(to any one); to bestow (on).
The Lord shall add to me another son.
Gen. xxx. 24.
<-- p. 20 -->
2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as
several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the
quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one
aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to
add numbers; to add up a column.
Back to thy punishment,
False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings.
Milton.
As easily as he can add together the ideas of two
days or two years.
Locke.
3. To append, as a statement; to say further.
He added that he would willingly consent to the
entire abolition of the tax.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To Add, Join, Annex,
Unite, Coalesce. We add
by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We
join by putting one thing to another in close or
continuos connection. We annex by attaching some
adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things
together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things
coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form
one organization. To add quantities; to join houses;
to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to
make parties coalesce.
Add (#), v. i. 1. To
make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase;
as, it adds to our anxiety. \'bdI will
add to your yoke.\'b8
1 Kings xii. 14.
2. To perform the arithmetical operation of
addition; as, he adds rapidly.
Add"a*ble (#), a.
[Add, v. + -able.]
Addible.
Ad"dax (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the largest
African antelopes (Hippotragus, ).
Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients.
By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the
Bible.
Ad*deem" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + deem.] To award; to
adjudge. [Obs.] \'bdUnto him they did
addeem the prise.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Ad*den"dum (#), n.; pl.
Addenda (#). [L., fr.
addere to add.] A thing to be added; an
appendix or addition.
Addendum circle (Mech.), the circle
which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear
wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.
Rankine.
Add"er (#), n. [See
Add.] One who, or that which, adds; esp., a
machine for adding numbers.
Ad"der, n. [OE. addere,
naddere, eddre, AS. n\'91dre,
adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG.
natra, natara, Ger. natter,
Goth. nadrs, Icel. na\'ebr, masc.,
na\'ebra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn.
naddyr, Ir. nathair, L. natrix,
water snake. An adder is for a
nadder.] 1. A serpent.
[Obs.] \'bdThe eddre seide to the
woman.\'b8
Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common
European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The
puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho.
(b) In America, the term is commonly applied to
several harmless snakes, as the milk adder,
puffing adder, etc. (c) Same
as Sea Adder.
(Cerastles).
Ad"der fly/ (#). A dragon fly.
Ad"der's-tongue` (#), n.
(Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns
(Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a spike
resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow
dogtooth violet.
Gray.
Ad"der*wort` (#), n.
(Bot.) The common bistort or snakeweed
(Polygonum bistorta).
Add`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quantity of being addible; capability of addition.
Locke.
Add"i*ble (#), a. Capable of
being added. \'bdAddible numbers.\'b8
Locke.
Ad"dice (#), n. See
Adze. [Obs.]
Moxon.
Ad*dict" (#), p. p. Addicted;
devoted. [Obs.]
Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Addicting.] [L. addictus, p.
p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad +
dicere to say. See Diction.] 1.
To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with
to. \'bdThey addict themselves to the
civil law.\'b8
Evelyn.
He is addicted to his study.
Beau. & Fl.
That part of mankind that addict their minds to
speculations.
Adventurer.
His genius addicted him to the study of
antiquity.
Fuller.
A man gross . . . and addicted to low company.
Macaulay.
2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit.
[Obs.]
The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but
the coldness of the place hinders the growth.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Addict, Devote,
Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was
formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to
letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an
indifferent one; as, addicted to vice;
addicted to sensual indulgence.
\'bdAddicted to staying at home.\'b8 J. S.
Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense,
expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite
object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate
and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind,
involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the
service of the church; dedicated to God.
Ad*dict"ed*ness, n. The quality or state
of being addicted; attachment.
Ad*dic"tion (#), n. [Cf. L.
addictio an adjudging.] The state of being
addicted; devotion; inclination. \'bdHis
addiction was to courses vain.\'b8
Shak.
Ad"di*son's dis*ease" (#). [Named from
Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.]
(Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar
brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to
be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular
bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not
to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually
fatal.
Ad*dit"a*ment (#), n. [L.
additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of
addere to add.] An addition, or a thing
added.
Fuller.
My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an
additament of a later age.
Coleridge.
Ad*di"tion (#), n. [F.
addition, L. additio, fr. addere
to add.] 1. The act of adding two or more
things together; -- opposed to subtraction or
diminution. \'bdThis endless addition
or addibility of numbers.\'b8
Locke.
2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as,
a piazza is an addition to a building.
3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which
treats of adding numbers.
4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a
note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one
half. [R.]
5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's
name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe,
Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale,
Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of
distinction; a title.
6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of
arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to
abatement.
Vector addition (Geom.), that kind
of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their
sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.
Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage;
adjunct.
Ad*di"tion*al (#), a. Added;
supplemental; in the way of an addition.
Ad*di"tion*al, n. Something added.
[R.]
Bacon.
Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv. By way of
addition.
Ad*di"tion*a*ry (#), a.
Additional. [R.]
Herbert.
Ad`di*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
addititius, fr. addere.]
Additive. [R.]
Sir J. Herschel.
Ad"di*tive (#), a. [L.
additivus.] (Math.) Proper to be
added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive.
Ad"di*to*ry (#), a. Tending to
add; making some addition. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Ad"dle (#), n. [OE.
adel, AS. adela, mud.]
1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]
2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Ad"dle, a. Having lost the power of
development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence:
Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.
Dryden.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Addled (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addling (#).] To make addle;
to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his
brain. \'bdTheir eggs were addled.\'b8
Cowper.
Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [OE.
adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob. fr.
Icel. \'94\'eblask to acquire property, akin to
o\'ebal property. Cf. Allodial.]
1. To earn by labor. [Prov.
Eng.]
Forby.
2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov.
Eng.]
Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more.
Tusser.
{ Ad"dle-brain` (#),
Ad"dle-head` (#),
Ad"dle-pate (#), } n.
A foolish or dull-witted fellow.
[Colloq.]
{ Ad"dle-brained` (#),
Ad"dle-head`ed (#),
Ad"dle-pa`ted (#), }
a. Dull-witted; stupid. \'bdThe
addle-brained Oberstein.\'b8
Motley.
Dull and addle-pated.
Dryden.
Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness (#), n.
Stupidity.
Ad"dlings (#), n. pl. [See
Addle, to earn.] Earnings. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Ad*doom" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + doom.] To adjudge.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad*dorsed" (#), a. [L. ad
+ dorsum, back: cf. F. adoss\'82.]
(Her.) Set or turned back to back.
Ad*dress" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Addressed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Addressing.] [OE. adressen
to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier, to straighten,
address, F. adresser, fr. \'85 (L.
ad) + OF. drecier, F. dresser,
to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]
1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
And this good knight his way with me addrest.
Spenser.
2. To prepare or make ready.
[Obs.]
His foe was soon addressed.
Spenser.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight.
Dryden.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at
the noise of the bridegroom's coming.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply
one's skill or energies (to some object); to
betake.
These men addressed themselves to the task.
Macaulay.
4. To clothe or array; to dress.
[Archaic]
Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel.
Jewel.
5. To direct, as words (to any one or
any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to
any one, an audience).
The young hero had addressed his players to him for
his assistance.
Dryden.
6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to,
whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech,
petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.
Are not your orders to address the senate?
Addison.
The representatives of the nation addressed the
king.
Swift.
7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to
superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he
addressed a letter.
8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to
woo.
9. (Com.) To consign or intrust to the
care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was
addressed to a merchant in Baltimore.
To address one's self to. (a) To
prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To
direct one's speech or discourse to.
Ad*dress" (#), v. i. 1.
To prepare one's self. [Obs.] \'bdLet us
address to tend on Hector's heels.\'b8
Shak.
2. To direct speech. [Obs.]
Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest.
Dryden.
Ad*dress, n. [Cf. F. adresse.
See Address, v. t.]
1. Act of preparing one's self.
[Obs.]
Jer Taylor.
2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal
application.
3. A formal communication, either written or
spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a
petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion;
as, an address of thanks, an address to the
voters.
4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the
name, title, and place of residence of the person
addressed.
5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as,
a man of pleasing or insinuating address.
6. Attention in the way one's addresses
to a lady.
Addison.
7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity;
adroitness.
Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition;
lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.
Ad`dress*ee" (#), n. One to
whom anything is addressed.
Ad*dres"sion (#), n. The act of
addressing or directing one's course. [Rare &
Obs.]
Chapman.
Ad*duce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adduced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing
(#).] [L. adducere,
adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere
to lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.]
To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or
consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to
allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides.
Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose
of illustration.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign;
urge; name; mention.
Ad*du"cent (#), a. [L.
addunces, p. pr. of adducere.]
(Physiol.) Bringing together or towards a given
point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull
one part towards another. Opposed to abducent.
Ad*du"cer (#), n. One who
adduces.
Ad*du"ci*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adduced.
Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner
diversified, are adducible.
I. Taylor.
Ad*duct" (#), v. t. [L.
adductus, p. p. of adducere. See
Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw
towards a common center or a middle line.
Huxley.
Ad*duc"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
adduction. See Adduce.] 1.
The act of adducing or bringing forward.
An adduction of facts gathered from various
quarters.
I. Taylor.
2. (Physiol.) The action by which the
parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to
abduction.
Dunglison.
Ad*duc"tive (#), a. Adducing,
or bringing towards or to something.
Ad*duc"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adducere.] (Anat.) A muscle
which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of
the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to
abductor; as, the adductor of the eye,
which turns the eye toward the nose.
In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of
the shell are called adductor muscles.
Verrill.
Ad*dulce" (#), v. t. [Like F.
adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis
sweet.] To sweeten; to soothe.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*deem" (#), v. t. [L.
adimere. See Ademption.]
(Law) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to
satisfy it by some other gift.
\'d8A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo (#), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe
grapes.
\'d8A`de*lan*ta"do (#), n.
[Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to
promote.] A governor of a province; a commander.
Prescott.
\'d8Ad*e*las"ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ not manifest + / a star.] (Bot.) A
provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers
botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its
proper genus.
Ad"el*ing (#), n. Same as
Atheling.
A*del`o*co*don"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ invisible + / a bell.] (Zo\'94l.)
Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike
form and do not become free; -- opposed to
phanerocodonic.
A*del"o*pod (#), n. [Gr. /
invisible + /, /, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) An
animal having feet that are not apparent.
\'d8A*del"phi*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ brother.] (Bot.) A \'bdbrotherhood,\'b8
or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as
in the class names, Monadelphia,
Diadelphia, etc.
A*del"phous (#), a. [Gr. /
brother.] (Bot.) Having coalescent or
clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; as,
adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as,
monadelphous.
Gray.
A*dempt" (#), p. p. [L.
ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take
away.] Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or
adempt.
Latimn.
<-- p. 21 -->
A*demp"tion (#), n. [L.
ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum,
to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.]
(Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant
donation, legacy, or the like.
Bouvier.
Aden- or Adeno-. [Gr. /, /,
gland.] Combining forms of the Greek word for
gland; -- used in words relating to the structure,
diseases, etc., of the glands.
{ \'d8Ad`e*nal"gi*a (#),
Ad"e*nal`gy (#), } n.
[Gr. / + / pain.] (Med.) Pain in a
gland.
A*den"i*form (#), a.
[Aden- + -form.] Shaped
like a gland; adenoid.
Dunglison.
\'d8Ad`e*ni"tis (#), n.
[Aden- + -itis.]
(Med.) Glandular inflammation.
Dunglison.
Ad`e*no*graph"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenography.
Ad`e*nog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -graphy.] That
part of anatomy which describes the glands.
{ Ad"e*noid (#), Ad`e*noid"al
(#) } a. Glandlike;
glandular.
Ad`e*no*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adenology.
Ad`e*nol"o*gy (#), n.
[Adeno- + -logy.] The part
of physiology that treats of the glands.
Ad`e*noph"o*rous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr. / bearing.]
(Bot.) Producing glands.
Ad`e*noph"yl*lous (#), a.
[Adeno- + Gr. / leaf.] (Bot.)
Having glands on the leaves.
Ad"e*nose` (?; 277), a. Like a
gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.
Ad`e*no*tom"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to adenotomy.
Ad`e*not"o*my (#), n.
[Adeno- + Gr. / a cutting, / to cut.]
(Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland
or glands.
Ad"e*nous (#), a. Same as
Adenose.
\'d8Ad"eps (#), n. [L.]
Animal fat; lard.
A*dept" (#), n. [L.
adeptus obtained (sc. artem), /he who has
obtained an art, p. p. of adipsci to arrive /at, to
obtain; ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and
cf. Adapt.] One fully skilled or well versed
in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in
philosophy.
A*dept", a. Well skilled; completely
versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound.
Cowper.
A*dep"tion (#), n. [L.
adeptio. See Adept, a.]
An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.]
In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief
adeption of the victory.
Grafton.
A*dept"ist, n. A skilled
alchemist. [Obs.]
A*dept"ness, n. The quality of being
adept; skill.
Ad"e*qua*cy (#), n. [See
Adequate.] The state or quality of being
adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a
particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to
the expenditure.
Ad"e*quate (#), a. [L.
adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make
equal to; ad + aequare to make equal,
aequus equal. See Equal.] Equal to
some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully
sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an
adequate definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion.
De Quincey.
Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable;
competent; capable.
Ad"e*quate (#), v. t. [See
Adequate, a.] 1. To
equalize; to make adequate. [R.]
Fotherby.
2. To equal. [Obs.]
It [is] an impossibility for any creature to
adequate God in his eternity.
Shelford.
Ad"e*quate*ly (#), adv. In an
adequate manner.
Ad"e*quate*ness, n. The quality of being
adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.
Ad`e*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
adaequatio.] The act of equalizing; act or
result of making adequate; an equivalent.
[Obs.]
Bp. Barlow.
A*des"my (#), n. [Gr. /
unfettered; / priv. + / a fetter.] (Bot.)
The division or defective coherence of an organ that is
usually entire.
Ad*es`se*na"ri*an (#), n.
[Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad +
esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who
held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not
by transubstantiation.
Ad*fect"ed (#), a. [L.
adfectus or affectus. See Affect,
v.] (Alg.) See
Affected, 5.
Ad*fil"i*a`ted (#), a. See
Affiliated. [Obs.]
Ad*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. See
Affiliation. [Obs.]
Ad*flux"ion (#), n. See
Affluxion.
Ad*ha"mant (#), a. [From L.
adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.]
Clinging, as by hooks.
Ad*here" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adhered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering
(#).] [L. adhaerere,
adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F.
adh\'82rer. See Aghast.] 1.
To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to
become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs
sometimes adhere to the pleura.
2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain
fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith,
principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a
cause, a leader, a church.
3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in
accordance; to agree. \'bdNor time nor place did then
adhere.\'b8 Every thing adheres
together.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold
Ad*her"ence (#), n. [Cf. F.
adh\'82rence, LL. adhaerentia.]
1. The quality or state of adhering.
2. The state of being fixed in attachment;
fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence
to a party or to opinions.
Syn. -- Adherence, Adhesion.
These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost
entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to
denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or
habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close
adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion
is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the
phrase \'bdTo give in one's adhesion to a cause or a
party.\'b8
Ad*her"en*cy (#), n. 1.
The state or quality of being adherent; adherence.
[R.]
2. That which adheres. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*her"ent (#), a. [L.
adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F.
adh\'82rent.] 1. Sticking;
clinging; adhering.
Pope.
2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.
3. (Bot.) Congenitally united with an
organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with
petals.
Ad*her"ent, n. 1. One who
adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or
profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular
faith or church.
2. That which adheres; an appendage.
[R.]
Milton.
Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter;
dependent; ally; backer.
Ad*her"ent*ly, adv. In an adherent
manner.
Ad*her"er (#), n. One who
adheres; an adherent.
Ad*he"sion (#), n. [L.
adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F.
adh\'82sion.] 1. The action of
sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the
adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth,
cement, or the like.
2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity;
as, to error, to a policy.
His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his
approbation of their foreign policy.
De Quincey.
3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.
To that treaty Spain and England gave in their
adhesion.
Macaulay.
4. (Physics) The molecular attraction
exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.
5. (Med.) Union of surface, normally
separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an
inflammatory process.
6. (Bot.) The union of parts which are
separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same
plant.
Syn. -- Adherence; union. See Adherence.
Ad*he"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
adh\'82sif.] 1. Sticky; tenacious,
as glutinous substances.
2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging.
Thomson.
Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See
Attraction. -- Adhesive inflammation
(Surg.), that kind of inflammation which
terminates in the reunion of divided parts without
suppuration. -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking;
a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive
oil.
Ad*he"sive*ly, adv. In an adhesive
manner.
Ad*he"sive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of
union.
2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and
maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social
intercourse.
Ad*hib"it (#), v. t. [L.
adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to;
ad + habere to have.] 1. To admit,
as a person or thing; to take in.
Muirhead.
2. To use or apply; to administer.
Camden.
3. To attach; to affix.
Alison.
Ad`hi*bi"tion (#), n. [L.
adhibitio.] The act of adhibiting;
application; use.
Whitaker.
\'d8Ad hom"i*nem (#). [L., to the
man.] ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument
addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a
man.
Ad*hort" (#), v. t. [L.
adhortari. See Adhortation.] To
exhort; to advise. [Obs.]
Feltham.
Ad`hor*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise;
ad + hortari to exhort.] Advice;
exhortation. [Obs.]
Peacham.
Ad*hor"ta*to*ry (#), a.
Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory.
[Obs.]
Potter.
Ad`i*a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
not passable; / priv. + / through + / to go.]
(Physics) Not giving out or receiving heat.
-- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly,
adv.
Adiabatic line or curve,
a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a
fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out
heat.
Rankine.
Ad`i*ac*tin"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + diactinic.]
(Chem.) Not transmitting the actinic rays.
\'d8Ad`i*an"tum (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, maidenhair; / priv. + / to wet.]
(Bot.) A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed
water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of
spleenwort.
Ad`i*aph"o*rism (#), n.
Religious indifference.
Ad`i*aph"o*rist (#), n. [See
Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of
the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions
and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther
condemned as sinful or heretical.
Murdock.
Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and
practice.
Shipley.
Ad`i*aph"o*rite (#), n. Same as
Adiaphorist.
Ad`i*aph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / different; / through + / to bear.]
1. Indifferent or neutral.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Med.) Incapable of doing either harm
or good, as some medicines.
Dunglison.
Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. [Gr. /.]
Indifference. [Obs.]
Ad`i*a*ther"mic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / through + /heat.] Not pervious to
heat.
A*dieu" (#), interj. & adv.
[OE. also adew, adewe,
adue, F. / dieu, fr. L. ad to
+ deus God.] Good-by; farewell; an
expression of kind wishes at parting.
A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus
(#). A farewell; commendation to the care of
God at parting.
Shak.
A*dight" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Adight.]
[Pref. a- (intensive) + OE. dihten.
See Dight.] To set in order; to array; to
attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]
\'d8Ad in`fi*ni"tum (#). [L., to
infinity.] Without limit; endlessly.
\'d8Ad in"ter*im (#)[L.]
Meanwhile; temporary.
Ad`e*pes"cent (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat +
-escent.] Becoming fatty.
A*dip"ic (#), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or
oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats
by the action of nitric acid.
<-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon
atoms in a linear chain -->
Ad`i*poc"er*ate (#), v. t. To
convert adipocere.
Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion (#), n. The
act or process of changing into adipocere.
Ad"i*po*cere` (#), n. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax:
cf. F. adipocere.] A soft, unctuous, or
waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and
muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long
immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result
of fatty degeneration.
Ad`i*po*cer"i*form (#), a.
[Adipocere + -form.] Having
the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an
adipoceriform tumor.
Ad`i*poc"er*ous (#), a. Like
adipocere.
Ad"i*pose` (?; 277), a. [L.
adeps, adipis, fat, grease.] Of
or pertaining to animal fat; fatty.
Adipose fin (Zo\'94l.), a soft
boneless fin. -- Adipose tissue
(Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or
contains fat.
{ Ad"i*pose`ness (#),
Ad`i*pos"i*ty (#), } n.
The state of being fat; fatness.
Ad"i*pous (#), a. Fatty;
adipose. [R.]
A*dip"sous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + /, thirst.] Quenching thirst, as certain
fruits.
Ad"ip*sy (#), n. [Gr. / not
thirsty; / priv. + / thirst.] (Med.)
Absence of thirst.
Ad"it (#), n. [L.
aditus, fr. adire, /aitum, to
go to; ad + ire to go.] 1. An
entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening
by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are
carried away; -- called also drift and
tunnel.
2. Admission; approach; access.
[R.]
Yourself and yours shall have
Free adit.
Tennyson.
{ Ad"ja"cence (#), Ad*ja"cen*cy
(#), }[Cf. LL. adjacentia.]
1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous;
contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or
buildings.
2. That which is adjacent.[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*ja"cent (#), a. [L.
adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of
adjacere to lie near; ad + jac/re to lie:
cf. F. adjacent.] Lying near, close, or
contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field
adjacent to the highway. \'bdThe
adjacent forest.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Adjacent or contiguous
angle. (Geom.) See
Angle.
Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near. --
Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous.
Things are adjacent when they lie close each other,
not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent
fields, adjacent villages, etc.
I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is
peopled with Christians.
Howell.
Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or
point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an
adjoining highway. What is spoken of as
contiguous should touch with some extent of one side
or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings;
a wood contiguous to a plain.
Ad*ja"cent, n. That which is
adjacent. [R.]
Locke.
Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv. So as to be
adjacent.
Ad*ject" (#), v. t. [L.
adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to
add to; ad + ac/re to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth.] To add or annex; to join.
Leland.
Ad*jec"tion (#), n. [L.
adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F.
adjection. See Adject.] The act or
mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Ad*jec"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed.
[R.]
Earle.
Ad`jec*ti"tious (#), [L.
adjectitius.] Added; additional.
Parkhurst.
Ad`jec*ti"val (#), a. Of or
relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an
adjective; adjective.
W. Taylor (1797)
Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv. As, or in the
manner of, an adjective; adjectively.
Ad"jec*tive (#), a. [See
Adjective, n.]
1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the
nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence.
2. Not standing by itself; dependent.
Adjective color, a color which requires to be
fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.
3. Relating to procedure. \'bdThe whole
English law, substantive and adjective.\'b8
Macaulay.
Ad"jec*tive, n. [L.
adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of
adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf.
F. adjectif. See Adject.] 1.
(Gram.) A word used with a noun, or substantive,
to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed
to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a
thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, \'bda
wise ruler,\'b8 wise is the adjective, expressing a
property of ruler.
2. A dependent; an accessory.
Fuller.
Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adjectived (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adjectiving (#).] To
make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective.
[R.]
Language has as much occasion to adjective the
distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective
also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has . .
. adjectived all three.
Tooke.
Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an
adjective; as, a word used adjectively.
Ad*join" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjoined
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adjoining.] [OE. ajoinen,
OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L.
adjungere; ad + jungere to join. See
Join, and cf. Adjunct.] To join or
unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach;
to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined
by way of note.
Watts.
<-- p. 22 -->
Ad*join" (#), v. i. 1.
To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as,
the houses adjoin.
When one man's land adjoins to another's.
Blackstone.
to, on,
or with is obsolete or obsolescent.
2. To join one's self. [Obs.]
She lightly unto him adjoined side to side.
Spenser.
Ad*join"ant (#), a.
Contiguous. [Obs.]
Carew.
Ad*join"ing, a. Joining to; contiguous;
adjacent; as, an adjoining room. \'bdThe
adjoining fane.\'b8
Dryden.
Upon the hills adjoining to the city.
Shak.
Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting;
bordering. See Adjacent.
Ad"joint (#), n. An adjunct; a
helper. [Obs.]
Ad*journ (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjourned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning
(#).] [OE. ajornen, OF.
ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner;
OF. a (L. ad) + jor,
jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L.
diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day.
Cf. Journal, Journey.] To put off or
defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or
suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the
action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the
meeting; to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation
of their lives to a further time.
Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness
That we adjourn this court till further day.
Shak.
Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend.
-- To Adjourn, Prorogue,
Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public
bodies when they lay aside business and separate.
Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is
applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief
period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied
in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the
sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The
word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said,
in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To
dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a
body. In order to exist again the body must be
reconstituted.
Ad*journ", v. i.To suspend business for
a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or
indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of
legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as,
congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court
adjourned without day.
Ad*journ"al (#), n.
Adjournment; postponement. [R.] \'bdAn
adjournal of the Diet.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Ad*journ"ment (#), n. [Cf. f.
adjournement, OF. ajornement. See
Adjourn.] 1. The act of adjourning;
the putting off till another day or time specified, or without
day.
2. The time or interval during which a public body
adjourns its sittings or postpones business.
Ad*judge" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging
(#).] [OE. ajugen, OF.
ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad +
judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf.
Adjudicate.] 1. To award judicially
in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was
adjudged to the victor.
2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power;
to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case
was adjudged in the November term.
3. To sentence; to condemn.
Without reprieve, adjudged to death
For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth.
Milton.
4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.
He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship.
Knolles.
Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain;
assign.
Ad*judg"er (#), n. One who
adjudges.
Ad*judg"ment (#), n. The act of
adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication.
Sir W. Temple.
Ad*ju"di*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjudicated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudicating
(#)] [L. adjudicatus, p. p.
of adjudicare. See Adjudge.] To
adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial
decree.
Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i. To come to a
judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon
the case.
Ad*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]
1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of
trying and determining judicially.
2. A deliberate determination by the judicial
power; a judicial decision or sentence. \'bdAn
adjudication in favor of natural rights.\'b8
Burke.
3. (Bankruptcy practice) The decision
upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt.
Abbott.
4. (Scots Law) A process by which land
is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.
Ad*ju"di*ca*tive (#), a.
Adjudicating.
Ad*ju"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who
adjudicates.
Ad*ju"di*ca*ture (#), n.
Adjudication.
Ad"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L.
adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad +
jugum a yoke.] To yoke to.
[Obs.]
Ad"ju*ment (#), n. [L.
adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr.
adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to
help.] Help; support; also, a helper.
[Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ad"junct` (#), a. [L.
adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See
Adjoin.] Conjoined; attending;
consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act.
Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes
between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing
notes.
Ad"junct`, n. 1. Something
joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of
it.
Learning is but an adjunct to our self.
Shak.
2. A person joined to another in some duty or
service; a colleague; an associate.
Wotton.
3. (Gram.) A word or words added to
quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History
of the American Revolution, where the words in italics
are the adjunct or adjuncts of
\'bdHistory.\'b8
4. (Metaph.) A quality or property of
the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as,
color, in the body, judgment in the
mind.
5. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related
to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.
[R.] See Attendant keys, under
Attendant, a.
Ad*junc"tion (#), n. [L.
adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F.
adjonction, and see Adjunct.] The
act of joining; the thing joined or added.
Ad*junc"tive (#), a. [L.
adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See
Adjunct.] Joining; having the quality of
joining; forming an adjunct.
Ad*junc"tive, n. One who, or that which,
is joined.
Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv. In an adjunctive
manner.
Ad*junct"ly (#), adv. By way of
addition or adjunct; in connection with.
Ad`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F.
adjuration. See Adjure.] 1.
The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.
What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration
shall.
Bp. Hall.
2. The form of oath or appeal.
Persons who . . . made use of prayer and
adjurations.
Addison.
Ad*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjuratorius.] Containing an
adjuration.
Ad*jure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring
(#)]. [L. adjurare,
adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F.
adjurer. See Jury.] To charge,
bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the
penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive
manner; to entreat earnestly.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be
the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city
Jericho.
Josh. vi. 26.
The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by
the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ.
Matt. xxvi. 63.
The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so
favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties.
Marshall.
Ad*jur"er (#), n. One who
adjures.
Ad*just" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] [OF.
ajuster, ajoster (whence F.
ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr.
L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L.
ad and justus just, right, whence F.
ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf.
Adjute.] 1. To make exact; to fit;
to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper
relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or
things to a standard.
2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to
system.
Adjusting the orthography.
Johnson.
3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so
that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust
accounts; the differences are adjusted.
4. To bring to a true relative position, as the
parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to
adjust a telescope or microscope.
Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set
right; rectify; settle.
Ad*just"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being adjusted.
Ad*just"age (#), n. [Cf.
Ajutage.] Adjustment. [R.]
Ad*just"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, adjusts.
Ad*just"ive (#), a. Tending to
adjust. [R.]
Ad*just"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
ajustement. See Adjust.] 1.
The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of
bringing into proper relations; regulation.
Success depends on the nicest and minutest
adjustment of the parts concerned.
Paley.
2. (Law) Settlement of claims; an
equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off,
contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling.
Bispham.
3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an
instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper
relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted;
as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or
out of adjustment.
Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation;
settlement; adaptation; disposition.
Ad"ju*tage (#), n. Same as
Ajutage.
Ad"ju*tan*cy (#), n. [See
Adjutant.] 1. The office of an
adjutant.
2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.
It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy
of definition and division.
Burke.
Ad"ju*tant (#), n. [L.
adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See
Aid.] 1. A helper; an
assistant.
2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer,
who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or
regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty.
Adjutant general (a) (Mil.),
the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the
commanding general receives communications and issues military
orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general.
(b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select
number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order,
each of whom had a province or country assigned to his
care.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of very large
stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called
also the gigantic crane, and by the native
name argala. It is noted for its
serpent-destroying habits.
Ad"ju*ta`tor (#), n. (Eng.
Hist.) A corruption of Agitator.
Ad*jute" (#), v. t. [F.
ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.]
To add. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adjuvare. See Aid.] A helper or
assistant. [Archaic]
Drayton.
Ad*ju"to*ry (#), a. [L.
adjutorius.] Serving to help or assist;
helping. [Obs.]
Ad*ju"trix (#), n. [L. See
Adjutor.] A female helper or assistant.
[R.]
Ad"ju*vant (#), a. [L.
adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F.
adjuvant. See Aid.] Helping;
helpful; assisting. [R.]
\'bdAdjuvant causes.\'b8
Howell.
Ad"ju*vant, n. 1. An
assistant. [R.]
Yelverton.
2. (Med.) An ingredient, in a
prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal
ingredient.
Ad`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr.
adlegare, allegare, to send away with a
commission; ad in addition + legare to send
as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.] A right
formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining
their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties
and negotiations to the common interest of the empire.
Encyc. Brit.
\'d8Ad lib"i*tum (#). At one's pleasure;
as one wishes.
Ad`lo*cu"tion (#), n. See
Allocution. [Obs.]
Ad*mar"gin*ate (#), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + margin.] To
write in the margin. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*max"il*la*ry (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.)
Near to the maxilla or jawbone.
Ad*meas"ure (?; 135), v. t.
[Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare.
See Measure.] 1. To measure.
2. (Law) To determine the proper share
of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure
dower; to admeasure common of pasture.
Blackstone.
2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.
3. (Law) Formerly, the adjustment of
proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture
held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement,
directed to the sheriff.
Ad*meas"ur*er (#), n. One who
admeasures.
Ad*men`su*ra"tion (#), n. [LL.
admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure.
See Mensuration.] Same as
Admeasurement.
Ad*min"i*cle (#), n. [L.
adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand
rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending
-culym.] 1. Help or support; an
auxiliary.
Grote.
2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory
proof.
In Scots law, any writing tending to establish
the existence or terms of a lost deed.
Bell.
Ad`mi*nic"u*lar (#), a.
Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory;
as, adminicular evidence.
H. Spencer.
Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry (#), a.
Adminicular.
Ad*min"is*ter (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Administered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Administering.] [OE.
aministren, OF. aministrer, F.
administer, fr. L. administrare; ad +
ministrare to serve. See Minister.]
1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to
direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of;
as, to administer the government or the
state.
For forms of government let fools contest:
Whate'er is best administered is best.
Pope.
2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute;
as, to administer relief, to administer the
sacrament.
[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial
airs.
Philips.
Justice was administered with an exactness and
purity not before known.
Macaulay.
3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a
dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a
blow, a reproof, etc.
A noxious drug had been administered to him.
Macaulay.
4. To tender, as an oath.
Swear . . . to keep the oath that we
administer.
Shak.
5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one
who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an
executor.
Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give
out; distribute; furnish.
Ad*min"is*ter, v. i. 1. To
contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to
minister.
A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as
well as the plenty of the place.
Spectator.
2. (Law) To perform the office of
administrator; to act officially; as, A administers
upon the estate of B.
Ad*min"is*ter, n. Administrator.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*min`is*te"ri*al (#), a.
Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of
government.
Ad*min"is*tra*ble (#), a.
Capable of being administered; as, an
administrable law.
Ad*min"is*trant (#), a. [F., p.
pr. of administrer. See Administer.]
Executive; acting; managing affairs. --
n. One who administers.
Ad*min"is*trate (#), v. t. [L.
administratus, p. p. of
administrare.] To administer.
[R.]
Milman.
Ad*min`is*tra"tion (?; 277), n.
[OE. administracioun, L.
administratio: cf. F.
administration.] 1. The act of
administering; government of public affairs; the service
rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the
conducting of any office or employment; direction;
management.
His financial administration was of a piece with
his military administration.
Macaulay.
2. The executive part of government; the persons
collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the
superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his
cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in
Great Britain.
A mild and popular administration.
Macaulay.
The administration has been opposed in
parliament.
Johnson.
3. The act of administering, or tendering something
to another; dispensation; as, the administration of
a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the
sacrament.
<-- p. 23 -->
4. (Law) (a) The management and
disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate,
or of a testator having no competent executor. (b)
The management of an estate of a deceased person by an
executor, the strictly corresponding term execution
not being in use.
Administration with the will annexed,
administration granted where the testator has appointed no
executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause
has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act,
etc.
Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation;
execution; dispensation; distribution.
Ad*min"is*tra`tive (#), a. [L.
administrativus: cf. F.
administratif.] Pertaining to
administration; administering; executive; as, an
administrative body, ability, or energy. --
Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor (#), n.
[L.] 1. One who administers affairs; one
who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil,
judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.
2. (Law) A man who manages or settles
the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no
competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has
been committed by competent authority.
Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n. The position
or office of an administrator.
Ad*min`is*tra"trix (#), n.
[NL.] A woman who administers; esp., one who
administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of
administration have been granted; a female administrator.
Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
admirabilitac.] Admirableness.
[R.]
Johnson.
Ad"mi*ra*ble (#), a. [L.
admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]
1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful;
marvelous. [Obs.]
In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance
and weakness.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with
approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; --
used of persons or things. \'bdAn admirable
machine.\'b8 \'bdAdmirable fortitude.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent;
delightful; praiseworthy.
Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being admirable; wonderful excellence.
Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv. In an admirable
manner.
Ad"mi*ral (#), n. [OE.
amiral, admiral, OF. amiral,
ultimately fr. Ar. am\'c6r-al-bahr commander of the
sea; Ar. am\'c6r is commander, al is the
Ar. article, and am\'c6r-al, heard in different
titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show
confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr.
admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced
into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th
century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.] 1.
A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high
rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations
in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and
rear admiral. The admiral is the commander
in chief of a fleet or of fleets.
2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the
most considerable ship of a fleet.
Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible,
bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to
the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides.
E. Everett.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome butterfly
(Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva
feeds on nettles.
Admiral shell (Zo\'94l.), the
popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus
admiralis).
Lord High Admiral, a great officer of state,
who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the
naval administration of Great Britain.
Ad"mi*ral*ship, n. The office or
position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an
admiral.
Ad"mi*ral*ty (#), n.; pl.
Admiralties (#). [F.
amiraut\'82, for an older amiralt\'82,
office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See
Admiral.] 1. The office or
jurisdiction of an admiral.
Prescott.
2. The department or officers having authority over
naval affairs generally.
3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime
questions and offenses.
4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty
courts.
5. The building in which the lords of the
admiralty, in England, transact business.
Ad*mir"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
admirance.] Admiration.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ad`mi*ra"tion (#), n. [F., fr.
L. admiratio. See Admire.] 1.
Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.]
Season your admiration for a while.
Shak.
2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an
emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or
high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful
woman, of a landscape, of virtue.
3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder,
or pleased surprise; a prodigy.
Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration.
Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also
exclamation point.
Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration;
reverence; worship.
Ad*mir"a*tive (#), a. Relating
to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.]
Earle.
Ad*mire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring
(#).] [F. admirer, fr. L.
admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for
smirari, akin to Gr. / to smile, Skr.
smi, and E. smile.] 1.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with
surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic]
Examples rather to be admired than imitated.
Fuller.
2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon
with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls
out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize
highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth,
to admire a landscape.
Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed.
Pope.
Admire followed by the infinitive is
obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man
consistent in his conduct.
Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.
Ad*mire", v. i.To wonder; to marvel; to
be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at
myself.
Fuller.
Ad*mired" (#), a. 1.
Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an
admired poem.
2. Wonderful; also, admirable.
[Obs.] \'bdAdmired disorder.\'b8 \'bd
Admired Miranda.\'b8
Shak.
Ad*mir"er (#), n. One who
admires; one who esteems or loves greatly.
Cowper.
Ad*mir"ing, a. Expressing admiration;
as, an admiring glance. --
Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv.
Shak.
Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. admissibilit\'82.] The quality of being
admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of
evidence.
Ad*mis"si*ble (#), a. [F.
admissible, LL. admissibilis. See
Admit.] Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of
being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable;
as, the supposition is hardly admissible.
-- Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n. --
Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.
Ad*mis"sion (#), n. [L.
admissio: cf. F. admission. See
Admit.] 1. The act or practice of
admitting.
2. Power or permission to enter; admittance;
entrance; access; power to approach.
What numbers groan for sad admission there!
Young.
3. The granting of an argument or position not
fully proved; the act of acknowledging something /serted;
acknowledgment; concession.
The too easy admission of doctrines.
Macaulay.
4. (Law) Acquiescence or concurrence in
a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a
confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by
another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.
5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as,
admission made out of court are received in
evidence.
6. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Declaration of the
bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve
the cure of the church to which he is presented.
Shipley.
Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence;
allowance. See Admittance.
Ad*mis"sive (#), a.Implying an
admission; tending to admit. [R.]
Lamb.
Ad*mis"so*ry (#), a. Pertaining
to admission.
Ad*mit" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Admitting.] [OE.
amitten, L. admittere, admissum;
ad + mittere to send: cf. F. admettre, OF.
admettre, OF. ametre. See
Missile.] 1. To suffer to enter; to
grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or
consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his
house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to
admit evidence in the trial of a cause.
2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket
one into a playhouse.
3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy
a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as,
to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was
admitted to bail.
4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to,
as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or
confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he
admitted his guilt.
5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words
do not admit such a construction. In this sense,
of may be used after the verb, or may be
omitted.
Both Houses declared that they could admit of no
treaty with the king.
Hume.
Ad*mit"ta*ble (#), a.
Admissible.
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*mit"tance (#), n. 1.
The act of admitting.
2. Permission to enter; the power or right of
entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.
To gain admittance into the house.
South.
He desires admittance to the king.
Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear.
Shak.
3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the
admittance of an argument.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
4. Admissibility. [Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Eng. Law) The act of giving
possession of a copyhold estate.
Bouvier.
Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation.
-- Admittance, Admission. These words
are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change.
Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary
sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on
the doors of factories, shops, etc. \'bdNo
admittance.\'b8 Its secondary or moral sense, as
\'bdadmittance to the church,\'b8 is almost entirely
laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the
secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the
rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the
admissions made by one of the parties in a
dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not
identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of
admission into a country, territory, and other larger
localities, etc., where admittance could not be used.
So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other
public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of
admittance, viz., access within the walls of the
building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to
the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject
are one definitely drawn.
\'d8Ad`mit*ta"tur (#), n. [L.,
let him be admitted.] The certificate of admission
given in some American colleges.
Ad*mit"ted (#), a. Received as
true or valid; acknowledged. --
Ad*mit"ted*ly adv.
Confessedly.
Ad*mit"ter (#), n. One who
admits.
Ad*mix" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p.
p. of admiscere. See Mix.] To
mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]
Ad*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
admixtio.] A mingling of different things;
admixture.
Glanvill.
Ad*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L.
admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad +
miscere to mix. See Mix.]
1. The act of mixing; mixture.
2. The compound formed by mixing different
substances together.
3. That which is mixed with anything.
Ad*mon"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Admonished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Admonishing.] [OE.
amonesten, OF. amonester, F.
admonester, fr. a supposed LL.
admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind,
warn; ad + monere to warn. See
Monition.] 1. To warn or notify of a
fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to
exhort. \'bdAdmonish him as a brother.\'b8
2 Thess. iii. 15.
2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or
advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by
of, against, or a subordinate clause.
Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns.
Col. iii. 16.
I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold
The danger, and the lurking enemy.
Milton.
3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to
notify.
Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to
make the tabernacle.
Heb. viii. 5.
Ad*mon"ish*er (#), n. One who
admonishes.
Ad*mon"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf.
OF. amonestement, admonestement.]
Admonition. [R.]
Shak.
Ad`mo*ni"tion (#), n. [OE.
amonicioun, OF. amonition, F.
admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr.
admonere. See Admonish.] Gentle or
friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression
of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning.
Syn. -- Admonition, Reprehension,
Reproof. Admonition is
prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to
prevent further transgression. Reprehension and
reproof are retrospective, the former being milder
than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to
reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but
reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative
fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to
inferiors.
Ad`mo*ni"tion*er (#), n.
Admonisher. [Obs.]
Ad*mon"i*tive (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] Barrow. --
Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.
Ad*mon"i*tor (#), n. [L.]
Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent
admonitor.
Shenstone.
Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al (#), a.
Admonitory. [R.] \'bdAn
admonitorial tone.\'b8
Dickens.
Ad*mon"i*to*ry (#), a. [LL.
admonitorius.] That conveys admonition;
warning or reproving; as, an admonitory
glance. -- Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly,
(#), adv.
Ad*mon"i*trix (#), n.
[L.] A female admonitor.
Ad*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL.
admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.]
(Law) The reducing or lands or tenements to
mortmain. See Mortmain.
Ad*move" (#), v. t. [L.
admovere. See Move.] To move or
conduct to or toward. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*nas"cent (#), a. [L.
adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born,
grow.] Growing to or on something else. \'bdAn
adnascent plant.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ad"nate (#), a. [L.
adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See
Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.] 1.
(Physiol.) Grown to congenitally.
2. (Bot.) Growing together; -- said only
of organic cohesion of unlike parts.
An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length
to the filament.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Growing with one side
adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of
corals and other compound animals.
Ad*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)
The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or
sets of organs.
Ad*nom"i*nal (#), a. [L.
ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.)
Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a
noun. Gibbs. --
Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.
Ad"noun` (#), n. [Pref.
ad- + noun.] (Gram.)
An adjective, or attribute. [R.]
Coleridge.
Ad*nu"bi*la`ted (#), a. [L.
adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.]
Clouded; obscured. [R.]
A*do" (#), (1) v. inf., (2)
n. [OE. at do, northern form for
to do. Cf. Affair.] 1. To
do; in doing; as, there is nothing. \'bdWhat is
here ado?\'b8
J. Newton.
2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome
business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado
about trifles.
With much ado, he partly kept awake.
Dryden.
Let's follow to see the end of this ado.
Shak.
\'d8A*do"be (#), n. [Sp.]
An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an
adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New
Mexico.
Ad`o*les"cence (#), n. [Fr.,
fr. L. adolescentia.] The state of growing
up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period
of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be,
in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with
reference to the lower animals.
Ad`o*les"cen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.
<-- p. 24 -->
Ad`o*les"cent (#), a. [L.
adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up
to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow:
cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.]
Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.
Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong,
Detain their adolescent charge too long.
Cowper.
Ad`o*les"cent, n. A youth.
Ad`o*ne"an (#), a. [L.
Adon/us.] Pertaining to Adonis;
Adonic. \'bdFair Adonean Venus.\'b8
Faber.
A*don"ic (#), a. [F.
adonique: cf. L. Adonius.]
Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. --
n. An Adonic verse.
Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl
and spondee (#).
\'d8A*do"nis (#), n. [L., gr.
Gr. /.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth
beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a
wild boar.
2. A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a
dandy.
3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the
family Ranunculace\'91, containing the pheasaut's eye
(Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood
was fabled to have stained the flower.
A*do"nist (#), n. [Heb.
/d/n\'bei my Lords.] One who maintains
that points of the Hebrew word translated \'bdJehovah\'b8 are
really the vowel points of the word \'bdAdonai.\'b8 See
Jehovist.
Ad"o*nize (#), v. t. [Cf. F.
adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To
beautify; to dandify.
I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and
adonozing myself.
Smollett.
{ A*door (#), A*doors
(#), }At the door; of the door; as, out
adoors.
Shak.
I took him in adoors.
Vicar's Virgil (1630).
A*dopt" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Adopting.] [L.
adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire:
cf. F. adopter. See Option.]
1. To take by choice into relationship, as,
child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take
voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or
as, one's own child.
2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so
naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to
adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions
were adopted.
A*dopt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being adopted.
A*dopt"ed (#), a. Taken by
adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son,
citizen, country, word. --
A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.
A*dopt"er (#), n. 1.
One who adopts.
2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks,
opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort,
and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in
distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase
the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose
openings have different diameters. [Written also
adapter.]
A*dop"tion (#), n. [L.
adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf.
F. adoption.] 1. The act of
adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a
child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.
2. Admission to a more intimate relation;
reception; as, the adoption of persons into
hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into
another.
3. The choosing and making that to be one's own
which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the
adoption of opinions.
Jer. Taylor.
A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of
God not by nature but by adoption.
A*dop"tious (#), a.
Adopted. [Obs.]
A*dopt"ive (#), a. [L.
adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.]
Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted
to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an
adoptive language. --
A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.
A*dor`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Adorableness.
A*dor"a*ble (#), a. [L.
adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adorable.] 1. Deserving to be
adored; worthy of divine honors.
The adorable Author of Christianity.
Cheyne.
2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.
A*dor"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being adorable, or worthy of adoration.
Johnson.
A*dor"a*bly, adv. In an adorable
manner.
Ad`o*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F.
adoration.] 1. The act of playing
honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of
addressing as a god.
The more immediate objects of popular adoration
amongst the heathens were deified human beings.
Farmer.
2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound
veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.
3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of
homage from two thirds of the conclave.
[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by
adoration.
Froude.
A*dore" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adored (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adoring (#).] [OE.
aouren, anouren, adoren, OF.
aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L.
adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray,
os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with
honor, the French prefix a- being confused
with OE. a, an, on. See
Oral.] 1. To worship with profound
reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as
divine.
Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James
/.] publicly adored.
Smollett.
2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with
the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.
The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and
adored Montouth.
Macaulay.
A*dore", v. t. To adorn.
[Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore.
Spenser.
A*dore"ment (#), n. The act of
adoring; adoration. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*dor"er (#), n. One who
adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent
admirer. \'bdAn adorer of truth.\'b8
Clarendon.
I profess myself her adorer, not her friend.
Shak.
A*dor"ing*ly, adv. With adoration.
A*dorn" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adorned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Adorning.] [OE. aournen,
anournen, adornen, OF. aorner,
fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish,
embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To
deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to
advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.
As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels.
Isa. lxi. 10.
At church, with meek and unaffected grace,
His looks adorned the venerable place.
Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify;
grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn,
Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We
decorate and ornament by putting on some
adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which
serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress
may be ornament or decorated with flowers
or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or
ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of
flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider
sense than decorate. To embellish is to
beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or
details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes
means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a
book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with
rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes
his front window to attract attention. Adorn is
sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a
lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems
to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings
as adorned with the works of some of the great
masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns.
Here decorated and ornamented would hardly
be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond
mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is
purely moral; as, a character adorned with every
Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor
ornament, nor embellish is proper.
A*dorn", n. Adornment.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*dorn", a. Adorned; decorated.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Ad`or*na"tion (#), n.
Adornment. [Obs.]
A*dorn"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, adorns; a beautifier.
A*dorn"ing*ly, adv. By adorning;
decoratively.
A*dorn"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
adornement. See Adorn.] An
adorning; an ornament; a decoration.
Ad*os"cu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See
Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by
external contact, without intromission.
A*down" (#), adv. [OE.
adun, adoun, adune. AS. of
d\'d4ne off the hill. See Down.]
From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on
the ground. [Archaic] \'bdThrice did she sink
adown.\'b8
Spenser.
A*down", prep. Down.
[Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay
displayed.
Prior.
Ad*press" (#), v. t. [L.
adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.]
See Appressed. --
Ad*pressed", (#),
a.
A*drad" (#), p. a. [P. p. of
adread.] Put in dread; afraid.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ad"ra*gant (#), n. [F., a
corruption of tragacanth.] Gum
tragacanth.
Brande & C.
A*dread" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
andr\'91dan, ondr\'91; pref. a-
(for and against) + dr\'91den to dread. See
Dread.] To dread. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
A*dreamed" (#), p. p. Visited
by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to
dream. [Obs.]
Ad*re"nal (#), a. [Pref.
ad- + renal.] (Anat.)
Suprarenal.
A"dri*an (#), a. [L.
Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea;
as, Adrian billows.
A`dri*at"ic (#), a. [L.
Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr.
Adria or Hadria, a town of the
Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the
northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.
A*drift" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + drift.]
Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of
wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift.
Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift.
Wordsworth.
A*drip" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- in + drip.] In a dripping
state; as, leaves all adrip.
D. G. Mitchell.
Ad"ro*gate (#), v. t. [See
Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) To adopt (a
person who is his own master).
Ad`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
adrogatio, arrogatio, fr.
adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom.
Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See
Arrogation.
A*droit" (#), a. [F.
adroit; \'85 (L. ad) =
droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p.
p. of dirigere. See Direct.]
Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the
mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding
danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution;
-- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit
mechanic, an adroit reply.
\'bdAdroit in the application of the telescope and
quadrant.\'b8 Horsley. \'bdHe was adroit in
intrigue.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft;
ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.
A*droit"ly, adv. In an adroit
manner.
A*droit"ness, n. The quality of being
adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage.
Motley.
Syn. -- See Skill.
A*dry" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for on) + dry.]
In a dry or thirsty condition. \'bdA man that is
adry.\'b8
Burton.
Ad`sci*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere,
asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere
to seek to know, approve, scire to know.]
Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious.
\'bdAdscititious evidence.\'b8 Bowring. --
Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly,
adv.
Ad"script (#), a. [L.
adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to
enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as
attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.
Ad"script (#), n. One held to
service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf.
Bancroft.
Ad*scrip"tive (#), a.[L.
adscriptivus. See Adscript.]
Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable
with it.
Brougham.
Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
Additional signification. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*sig"ni*fy (#), v. t. [L.
adsignificare to show.] To denote
additionally. [R.]
Tooke.
Ad*strict" (#), v. t. --
Ad*stric"tion, (#)
n. See Astrict, and
Astriction.
Ad*stric"to*ry (#), a. See
Astrictory.
Ad*strin"gent (#), a. See
Astringent.
\'d8Ad`u*la"ri*a (#), n. [From
Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine
specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent
or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which
often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by
lapidaries moonstone.
Ad"u*late (#), v. t. [L.
adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To
flatter in a servile way.
Byron.
Ad`u*la"tion (#), n. [F.
adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr.
adulari, adulatum, to flatter.]
Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is
merited.
Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out
With titles blown from adulation?
Shak.
Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness;
blandishment. -- Adulation,
Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in
compliments from a desire to please; they use
flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to
gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid
motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy.
Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect
and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to
become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually
fulsome.
Ad"u*la`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A
servile or hypocritical flatterer.
Carlyle.
Ad"u*la*to*ry (#), a. [L.
adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF.
adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or
compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an
adulatory address.
A mere rant of adulatory freedom.
Burke.
Ad"u*la`tress (#), n. A woman
who flatters with servility.
A*dult" (#), a. [L.
adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to
alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See
Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at
maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an
adult person or plant; an adult ape; an
adult age.
A*dult", n. A person, animal, or plant
grown to full size and strength; one who has reached
maturity.
common law, the term is applied to
a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the
civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to
females after twelve.
A*dul"ter (#), v. i. [L.
adulterare.] To commit adultery; to
pollute. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
A*dul"ter*ant (#), n. [L.
adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.]
That which is used to adulterate anything. --
a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents
and processes.
A*dul"ter*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Adulterated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating
(#).] [L. adulteratus, p. p.
of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob.
fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches
another on account of unlawful love. Cf.
Advoutry.]
1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an
admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to
adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.
The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue
with strange words.
Spectator.
Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate;
sophisticate.
A*dul"ter*ate, v. i. To commit
adultery. [Obs.]
A*dul"ter*ate (#), a. 1.
Tainted with adultery.
2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance;
adulterated; spurious.
-- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv. --
A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.
A*dul`ter*a"tion (#), n. [L.
adulteratio.] 1. The act of
adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink)
by foreign mixture.
The shameless adulteration of the coin.
Prescott.
2. An adulterated state or product.
A*dul"ter*a`tor (#), n.
[L.] One who adulterates or corrupts.
[R.]
Cudworth.
A*dul"ter*er (#), n. [Formed
fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending
-er. See Advoutrer.] 1. A
man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual
intercourse with a woman not his wife.
2. (Script.) A man who violates his
religious covenant.
Jer. ix. 2.
A*dul"ter*ess (#), n. [Fem.
from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]
1. A woman who commits adultery.
2. (Script.) A woman who violates her
religious engagements.
James iv. 4.
A*dul"ter*ine (#), a.[L.
adulterinus, fr. adulter.]
Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious;
without the support of law; illegal.
When any particular class of artificers or traders thought
proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were
called adulterine guilds.
Adam Smith.
A*dul"ter*ine, n. An illegitimate
child. [R.]
A*dul"ter*ize (#), v. i. To
commit adultery.
Milton.
A*dul"ter*ous (#), a. 1.
Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery;
illicit.
Dryden.
2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious.
\'bdAn adulterous mixture.\'b8 [Obs.]
Smollett.
A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv. In an adulterous
manner.
A*dul"ter*y (#), n.; pl.
Adulteries(#). [L.
adulterium. See Advoutry.] 1.
The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed;
sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife,
or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another
than her husband.
<-- p. 25 -->
double adultery; between a married and an unmarried
person, single adultery.
2. Adulteration; corruption.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or
unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh
commandment. (b) Faithlessness in
religion.
Jer. iii. 9.
4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty
imposed for the offense of adultery.
5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person
into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.
6. Injury; degradation; ruin.
[Obs.]
You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the
adultery and spoil of nature.
B. Jonson.
A*dult"ness (#), n. The state
of being adult.
Ad*um"brant (#), a. [L.
adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.]
Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing
forth.
Ad*um"brate (#), v. t. [L.
adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad +
umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]
1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation
of; to outline; to shadow forth.
Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe
the invisible God is adumbrated.
L. Taylor.
2. To overshadow; to shade.
Ad`um*bra"tion (#), n. [L.
adumbratio.] 1. The act of
adumbrating, or shadowing forth.
2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect
portrayal or representation of a thing.
Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth.
Bp. Horsley.
3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a
figure.
Ad*um"bra*tive (#), a. Faintly
representing; typical.
Carlyle.
Ad`u*na"tion (#), n. [L.
adunatio; ad + unus one.] A
uniting; union.
Jer. Taylor.
{ A*dunc", A*dunque" }
(#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Hooked;
as, a parrot has an adunc bill.
A*dun"ci*ty (#), n. [L.
aduncitas. See Aduncous.]
Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks.
Pope.
A*dun"cous (#), a. [L.
aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.]
Curved inwards; hooked.
A*dure" (#), v. t. [L.
adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To
burn up. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*dust" (#), a. [L.
adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F.
aduste.] 1. Inflamed or scorched;
fiery. \'bdThe Libyan air adust.\'bd
Milton.
2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.
A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion.
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Med.) Having much heat in the
constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.]
Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.
A*dust"ed, a. Burnt; adust.
[Obs.]
Howell.
A*dust"i*ble (#), a. That may
be burnt. [Obs.]
A*dus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
adustio, fr. adurere, adustum:
cf. F. adustion.] 1. The act of
burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or
dried. [Obs.]
Harvey.
2. (Surg.) Cauterization.
Buchanan.
\'d8Ad va*lo"rem (#). [L., according to
the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a
duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon
their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a
specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad
valorem duty of twenty per cent.
Ad*vance" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advanced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing
(#)(#).] [OE. avancen,
avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL.
abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant)
before. The spelling with d was a mistake,
a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See
Avaunt.] 1. To bring forward; to
move towards the van or front; to make to go on.
2. To raise; to elevate.
[Archaic]
They . . . advanced their eyelids.
Shak.
3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.
Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat
above all the princes.
Esther iii. 1.
4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to
further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to
advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's
interests.
5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose;
to show; as, to advance an argument.
Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own.
Pope.
6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to
hasten.
7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it
becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand;
as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on
goods consigned to him.
8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise
in rate; as, to advance the price of
goods.
9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]
Greatly advancing his gay chivalry.
Spenser.
Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve;
heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.
Ad*vance", v. i. 1. To move or
go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet
me.
2. To increase or make progress in any respect;
as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years,
in price.
3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be
preferred or promoted.
Advanced to a level with ancient peers.
Prescott.
Ad*vance", n. [Cf. F. avance,
fr. avancer. See Advance,
v.] 1. The act of advancing or
moving forward or upward; progress.
2. Improvement or progression, physically,
mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in
health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or
office.
3. An addition to the price; rise in price or
value; as, an advance on the prime cost of
goods.
4. The first step towards the attainment of a
result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to
adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; --
usually in the plural.
[He] made the like advances to the dissenters.
Swift.
5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent
is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or
on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished;
money or value supplied beforehand.
I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary
advances.
Jay.
The account was made up with intent to show what
advances had been made.
Kent.
In advance (a) In front; before.
(b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is
received. (c) In the state of having advanced
money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand
dollars or pounds.
Ad*vance" (#), a. Before in
place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced;
as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard
or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before
it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets,
pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of
publication.
Ad*vanced" (#), a. 1.
In the van or front.
2. In the front or before others, as regards
progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions,
advanced thinkers.
3. Far on in life or time.
A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard
experience written in his wrinkles.
Hawthorne.
Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which
precedes the march of the main body.
Ad*vance"ment (#), n. [OE.
avancement, F. avancement. See
Advance, v. t.] 1. The
act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression;
improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity;
as, the advancement of learning.
In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other)
rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's
advancement.
Sir T. More.
True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint
advancement of the virtue and happiness of the
people.
Horsley.
2. An advance of money or value; payment in
advance. See Advance, 5.
3. (Law) Property given, usually by a
parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.
4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*van"cer (#), n. 1.
One who advances; a promoter.
2. A second branch of a buck's antler.
Howell.
Ad*van"cive (#), a. Tending to
advance. [R.]
Ad*van"tage (?; 61, 48), n.
[OE. avantage, avauntage, F.
avantage, fr. avant before. See
Advance, and cf. Vantage.] 1.
Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means,
particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end;
benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more
elevated position.
Give me advantage of some brief discourse.
Shak.
The advantages of a close alliance.
Macaulay.
2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or
over.
Lest Satan should get an advantage of us.
2 Cor. ii. 11.
3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it;
benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good
constitution.
4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the
thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.]
And with advantage means to pay thy love.
Shak.
Advantage ground, vantage ground.
[R.] Clarendon. -- To have the
advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of
one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. \'bdYou
have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have
had the honor.\'b8 Sheridan. -- To take advantage
of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to
overreach, to outwit.
Syn. -- Advantage, Advantageous,
Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of
a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial,
when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits
of early discipline; the beneficial effects of
adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as
advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting
forward, and places us on a \'bdvantage ground\'b8 for further
effort. Hence, there is a difference between the
benefits and the advantages of early
education; between a beneficial and an
advantageous investment of money.
Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Advantaged (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Advantaging (#).] [F.
avantager, fr. avantage. See
Advance.] To give an advantage to; to
further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to
comply with the court designs, advantaged his
adversaries against him.
Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole
world, and lose himself, or be cast away?
Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's
self of. [Obs.]
Ad*van"tage*a*ble (#), a.
Advantageous. [Obs.]
Ad`van*ta"geous (#), a. [F.
avantageux, fr. avantage.] Being
of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful;
beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is
advantageous to a nation.
Advabtageous comparison with any other country.
Prescott.
You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift
and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one
goes.
Chesterfield.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv. Profitably;
with advantage.
Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n.
Profitableness.
Ad*vene" (#), v. i. [L.
advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F.
avenir, advenir. See Come.]
To accede, or come (to); to be added to something
or become a part of it, though not essential.
[R.]
Where no act of the will advenes as a
coefficient.
Coleridge.
Ad*ven"ient (#), a. [L.
adviens, p. pr.] Coming from outward
causes; superadded. [Obs.]
Ad`vent (#), n. [L.
adventus, fr. advenire,
adventum: cf. F. avent. See
Advene.] 1. (Eccl.) The
period including the four Sundays before Christmas.
Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first
Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday
to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30).
Shipley.
2. The first or the expected second coming of
Christ.
3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.
Death's dreadful advent.
Young.
Expecting still his advent home.
Tennyson.
Ad"vent*ist (#), n. One of a
religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the
proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also
Second Adventists.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
Ad`ven*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
adventitius.] 1. Added
extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal;
additional; supervenient; foreign.
To things of great dimensions, if we annex an
adventitious idea of terror, they become without
comparison greater.
Burke.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or
usual place; as, adventitious buds or
roots.
3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly
spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized;
adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.
4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases;
accidental.
-- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv. --
Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.
Ad*ven"tive (#), a. 1.
Accidental.
2. (Bot.) Adventitious.
Gray.
Ad*ven"tive, n. A thing or person coming
from without; an immigrant. [R.]
Bacon.
Ad*ven"tu*al (?; 135), a.
Relating to the season of advent.
Sanderson.
Ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [OE.
aventure, aunter, anter, F.
aventure, fr. LL. adventura, fr. L.
advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the
Romance languages took the sense of \'bdto happen, befall.\'b8
See Advene.]
1. That which happens without design; chance;
hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.
Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at
all adventures, be fastened upon him individually.
Milton.
2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]
He was in great adventure of his life.
Berners.
3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and
striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to
be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a
daring feat.
He loved excitement and adventure.
Macaulay.
4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a
stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's
life.
Bacon.
5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of
hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own
account.
A bill of adventure (Com.), a
writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's
risk.
Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.
Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Adventured (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Adventuring (#).]
[OE. aventuren, auntren, F.
aventurer, fr. aventure. See
Adventure, n.] 1. To
risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.
He would not adventure himself into the
theater.
Acts xix. 31.
2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to
dare.
Yet they adventured to go back.
Bunyan,
Discriminations might be adventured.
J. Taylor.
Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to
take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise.
Shak.
Ad*ven"ture*ful (#), a. Given
to adventure.
Ad*ven"tur*er (#), n. [Cf. F.
aventurier.]
1. One who adventures; as, the merchant
adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and
hazardous or perilous enterprises.
2. A social pretender on the lookout for
advancement.
Ad*ven"ture*some (#), a. Full
of risk; adventurous; venturesome. --
Ad*ven"ture*some*ness,
n.
Ad*ven"tur*ess (#), n. A female
adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal
means.
Ad*ven"tur*ous (#), a. [OE.
aventurous, aunterous, OF.
aventuros, F. aventureux, fr.
aventure. See Adventure, n.]
1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard;
prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; --
applied to persons.
Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve.
Milton.
2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to
danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an
adventurous undertaking, deed, song.
Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring;
hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an
adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.
Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.
Ad"verb (#), n. [L.
adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F.
adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to
modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other
adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes
well; paper extremely white.
Ad*ver"bi*al (#), a. [L.
adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.]
Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb;
as, an adverbial phrase or form.
Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being adverbial.
Earle.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (#), v. t. To
give the force or form of an adverb to.
Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
an adverb.
\'d8Ad`ver*sa"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut.
pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous
collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book;
also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's
adversaria.
Bp. Bull.
Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous (#), a.
Hostile. [R.]
Southey.
Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl.
Adversaries (#). [OE.
adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and
adversaire, fr. OF. adversier,
aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned
toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One
who is turned against another or others with a design to
oppose<-- p. 26 --> or resist them; a member of an opposing or
hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.
His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries.
Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is
to dispute without an adversary.
Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the
Devil.
Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy,
Opponent, Antagonist.
Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily
implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be
adversaries, antagonists, or
opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet
have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary
may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position,
as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An
opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps
passively) on the opposing side; as a political
opponent, an opponent in debate. An
antagonist is one who struggles against another with
active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal
debate.
Ad"ver*sa*ry (#), a. 1.
Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic.
[Archaic]
Bp. King.
2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not
unopposed; as, an adversary suit.
Ad*ver"sa*tive (#), a. [L.
adversativus, fr. adversari.]
Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as,
an adversative conjunction (but,
however, yet, etc. ); an
adversative force. --
Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly,
adv.
Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative
word.
Harris.
Ad"verse (#), a. [OE.
advers, OF. avers, advers, fr.
L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to.
See Advert.]
1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction;
opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as,
adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit
adverse to distinctions of caste.
2. Opposite. \'bdCalpe's adverse
height.\'b8
Byron.
3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable;
unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous;
afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates,
adverse circumstances, things
adverse.
Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and
wisely as we endure an adverse fortune.
Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a
possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of
title in another person.
Abbott.
Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See
Averse.
Ad*verse" (#), v. t. [L.
adversari: cf. OF. averser.] To
oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an
adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.
Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state
of being adverse; opposition.
{ Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate (#),
Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous (#) } a.
[L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so
arranged on the stem.
Ad*ver"sion (#), n.[L.
adversio] A turning towards;
attention. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Ad*ver"si*ty (#), n.; pl.
Adversities(#). [OE.
adversite, F. adversit\'82, fr. L.
adversitas.] 1. Opposition;
contrariety. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Adversity is not without comforts and hopes.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble;
suffering; trial.
Ad*vert" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Adverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L.
advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere
to turn: cf. F. avertir. See
Advertise.] To turn the mind or attention; to
refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he
adverted to what was said.
I may again advert to the distinction.
Owen.
Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.
{ Ad*vert"ence (#), Ad*vert"en*cy
(#), }[OF. advertence,
avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L.
advertens. See Advertent.] The act
of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention;
notice; regard; heedfulness.
To this difference it is right that advertence
should be had in regulating taxation.
J. S. Mill.
Ad*vert"ent (#), a. [L.
advertens, -entis, p. pr. of
advertere. See Advert.] Attentive;
heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale. --
Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.
Ad`ver*tise" (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advertised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising
(#).] [F. avertir, formerly
also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L.
advertere to turn to. The ending was probably
influenced by the noun advertisement. See
Advert.] To give notice to; to inform or
apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often
followed by of before the subject of information;
as, to advertise a man of his loss.
[Archaic]
I will advertise thee what this people shall
do.
Num. xxiv. 14.
4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly,
esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for
sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political
meeting.
Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce;
proclaim; promulgate; publish.
Ad*ver"tise*ment (?; 277), n.
[F.avertisement, formerly also spelled
advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr.
avertir.] 1. The act of informing
or notifying; notification. [Archaic]
An advertisement of danger.
Bp. Burnet.
2. Admonition; advice; warning.
[Obs.]
Therefore give me no counsel:
My griefs cry louder than advertisement.
Shak.
3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in
some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper
containing many advertisement.
Ad`ver*tis"er (#), n. One who,
or that which, advertises.
Ad*vice" (#), n. [OE.
avis, F. avis; / + OF.
vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p.
p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that
which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf.
Avise, Advise.] 1. An
opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed;
counsel.
We may give advice, but we can not give
conduct.
Franklin.
2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge.
[Obs.]
How shall I dote on her with more advice,
That thus without advice begin to love her?
Shak.
3. Information or notice given; intelligence;
as, late advices from France; -- commonly in
the plural.
advice usually
means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in
reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of
advice.
McElrath.
4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a
specific illegal act.
Wharton.
Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry
dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. -- To
take advice. (a) To accept advice.
(b) To consult with another or others.
Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition;
exhortation; information; notice.
Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being advisable; advisableness.
Ad*vis"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient;
prudent.
Some judge it advisable for a man to account with
his heart every day.
South.
2. Ready to receive advice. [R.]
South.
Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.
Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n. The quality of
being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.
Ad*vis"a*bly, adv. With advice;
wisely.
Ad*vise" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advising
(#).] [OE. avisen to
perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL.
advisare. advisare; ad + visare,
fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See
Advice, and cf. Avise.] 1.
To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or
expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. \'bdI shall
no more advise thee.\'b8
Milton.
2. To give information or notice to; to inform; --
with of before the thing communicated; as, we were
advised of the risk.
To advise one's self, to bethink one's self;
to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider.
[Obs.]
Bid thy master well advise himself.
Shak.
Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.
Ad*vise", v. t. 1. To consider;
to deliberate. [Obs.]
Advise if this be worth attempting.
Milton.
2. To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by
with; as, to advise with
friends.
Ad*vis"ed*ly (#), adv. 1.
Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by
design. \'bdAdvisedly undertaken.\'b8
Suckling.
Ad*vis"ed*ness n. Deliberate
consideration; prudent procedure; caution.
Ad*vise"ment (#), n. [OE.
avisement, F. avisement, fr.
aviser. See Advise, and cf.
Avisement.]
1. Counsel; advise; information.
[Archaic]
And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what
had passed in sleep.
Daniel.
2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation.
Tempering the passion with advisement slow.
Spenser.
Ad*vis"er (#), n. One who
advises.
Ad*vis"er*ship, n. The office of an
adviser. [R.]
Ad*vi"so (#), n. [Cf. Sp.
aviso. See Advice.] Advice;
counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ad*vi"so*ry (#), a. Having
power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory
council; their opinion is merely advisory.
The General Association has a general advisory
superintendence over all the ministers and churches.
Trumbull.
Ad"vo*ca*cy (#), n. [OF.
advocatie, LL. advocatia. See
Advocate.] The act of pleading for or
supporting; work of advocating; intercession.
Ad"vo*cate (#), n. [OE.
avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr.
L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another;
properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to
one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee,
Avowee, Vocal.] 1. One who
pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the
cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a
counselor.
advocate
is the same as \'bdcounsel,\'b8 \'bdcounselor,\'b8 or
\'bdbarrister.\'b8 In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the
term signifies the same as \'bdcounsel\'b8 at the common
law.
2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any
cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of
free trade, an advocate of truth.
3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.
We have an Advocate with the Father.
1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the
Scottish bar in Edinburgh. -- Lord advocate
(Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and
principal crown lawyer. -- Judge advocate.
See under Judge.
Ad"vo*cate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Advocated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating
(#).] [See Advocate,
n., Advoke, Avow.] To
plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or
the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client.
Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been
advocated.
Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his
cause.
Mitford.
Ad"vo*cate, v. i. To act as
advocate. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Ad"vo*cate*ship, n. Office or duty of an
advocate.
Ad`vo*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See
Advowson.] 1. The act of advocating
or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]
The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual
advocation for us.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Advowson. [Obs.]
The donations or advocations of church livings.
Sanderson.
3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a
cause from an inferior court to the supreme court.
Bell.
Ad"vo*ca*to*ry (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an advocate. [R.]
Ad*voke" (#), v. t. [L.
advocare. See Advocate.] To
summon; to call. [Obs.]
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to
advoke the cause to Rome.
Fuller.
Ad`vo*lu"tion (#), n. [L.
advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.]
A rolling toward something. [R.]
Ad*vou"trer (#), n. [OF.
avoutre, avoltre, fr. L.
adulter. Cf. Adulterer.] An
adulterer. [Obs.]
Ad*vou"tress (#), n. An
adulteress. [Obs.]
Bacon.
{ Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try }
(#), n. [OE. avoutrie,
avouterie, advoutrie, OF.
avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L.
adulterium. Cf. Adultery.]
Adultery. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ad*vow*ee" (#), n. [OE.
avowe, F. avou\'82, fr. L.
advocatus. See Advocate, Avowee,
Avoyer.] One who has an advowson.
Cowell.
Ad*vow"son (?; 277), n. [OE.
avoweisoun, OF. avo\'89son, fr. L.
advocatio. Cf. Advocation.] (Eng.
Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or
living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron
(advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus
privileged to nominate or present to it.]
advowson of more than half of them belongs to
private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops,
deans and chapters, universities, and colleges.
Amer. Cyc.
Ad*voy"er (#), n. See
Avoyer. [Obs.]
Ad*ward" (#), n. Award.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Ad`y*na"mi*a (#), n. [NL.
adynamia, fr. Gr. / want of strength; / priv + /
power, strength.] (Med.) Considerable
debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever.
Dunglison.
Ad`y*nam"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
adynamique. See Adynamy.] 1.
(Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by,
debility of the vital powers; weak.
2. (Physics) Characterized by the
absence of power or force.
Adynamic fevers, malignant or putrid fevers
attended with great muscular debility.
A*dyn"a*my (#), n.
Adynamia. [R.]
Morin.
\'d8Ad"y*tum (#), n.
Adyta (#). [L., fr. Gr. /, n., fr. /,
a., not to be entered; / priv. + / to enter.] The
innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles
were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.
{ Adz, Adze } (#),
n. [OE. adese, adis,
adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax,
hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with
a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is
used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.
Adz, v. t. To cut with an adz.
[R.]
Carlyle.
\'92 or Ae. A diphthong in the
Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the
Gr. /. The Anglo-Saxon short \'91 was generally
replaced by a, the long / by e or
ee. In derivatives from Latin words with
ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most
words found with this initial combination, the reader will
therefore search under the letter E.
\'d8\'92*cid"i*um (#), n.; pl.
\'92cidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr.
/ injury.] (Bot.) A form of fruit in the
cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi,
formerly considered independent plants.
\'92"dile (#), n. [L.
aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building.
Cf. Edify.] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who
had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows,
etc.; hence, a municipal officer.
\'92"dile*ship, n. The office of an
\'91dile.
T. Arnold.
\'92*ge"an (#), a. [L.
Aegeus; Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to the
sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See
Archipelago.
\'d8\'92`gi*cra"ni*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, goat + /, n. pl., heads.]
(Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical
architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.
\'92g"i*lops (#), n. [L.
aegilopis, Gr. /, fr. /, gen. /, goat + /
eye.] 1. (Med.) An ulcer or
fistula in the inner corner of the eye.
2. (Bot.) (a) The great
wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb.
(b) A genus of plants, called also
hardgrass.
\'d8\'92"gis (#), n. [L.
aegis, fr. Gr. / a goat skin, a shield, / goat, or
fr. / to rush.] A shield or protective armor; --
applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to
Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.
\'92*goph"o*ny (#), n. Same as
Egophony.
\'d8\'92*gro"tat (#), n. [L.,
he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.) A medical
certificate that a student is ill.
\'92*ne"id (#), n. [L.
Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf.
F. /n\'82de.] The great epic poem of
Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.
A*\'89"ne*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89neus.] (Zo\'94l.) Colored
like bronze.
\'92*o"li*an (#), a. [L.
Aeolius, Gr. /.] 1. Of or
pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by
the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; as, the
\'92olian dialect.
2. Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the
winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.
Viewless forms the \'91olian organ play.
Campbell.
\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often
attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations,
increases the <-- p. 27 --> volume of sound, etc., by forcing a
stream of air upon the strings. Moore. --
>mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical
instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched
strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually
placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian
mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early
ecclesiastical modes.
\'92*ol"ic (#), a. [L.
Aeolicus; Gr. /.] \'92olian, 1; as,
the \'92olic dialect; the \'92olic
mode.
{ \'92*ol"i*pile, \'92*ol"i*pyle }
(#), n. [L. aeolipilae;
Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or
Gr. / gate (i. e., doorway of \'92olus);
cf. F. \'82olipyle.] An apparatus
consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder)
with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is
made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve.
[Written also eolipile.]
b. c. It has often been
called the first steam engine.
\'92`o*lo*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ changeful + / a turning, / to turn.]
(Physics) Exhibiting differences of quality or
property in different directions; not isotropic.
Sir W. Thomson.
\'92`o*lot"ro*py (#), n.
(Physics) Difference of quality or property in
different directions.
\'d8\'92"o*lus (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Gr. & Rom. Myth.) The god of the
winds.
\'92"on (#), n. A period of
immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See
Eon.
\'92*o"ni*an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Eternal; everlasting.
\'bd\'92onian hills.\'b8
Tennyson.
\'d8\'92`py*or"nis (#), n. [Gr.
/ high + / bird.] A gigantic bird found fossil in
Madagascar.
A"\'89r*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. A/rated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. A/rating
(#).] [Cf. F. a\'82rer. See
Air,v. t.] 1. To combine
or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly
called fixed air.
His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from a\'89rated
natural fountains.
Carlyle.
2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as,
to a\'89rate soil; to a\'89rate
water.
3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical
action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to
arterialize.
A\'89rated bread, bread raised by charging
dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in
the dough by fermentation.
A`\'89r*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
a\'82ration.] 1. Exposure to the
free action of the air; airing; as, a\'89ration of
soil, of spawn, etc.
2. (Physiol.) A change produced in the
blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the
blood in respiration; arterialization.
3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic
acid gas or with oxygen.
A"\'89r*a`tor (#), n. That
which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging
mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.
A*\'89"ri*al (#), a. [L.
a\'89rius. See Air.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or
frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed
in the air; as, a\'89rial regions or
currents. \'bdA\'89rial spirits.\'b8
Milton. \'bdA\'89rial voyages.\'b8
Darwin.
2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of
the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.
3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as,
a\'89rial spires.
4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as
opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground;
as, a\'89rial rootlets, a\'89rial
plants.
Gray.
5. Light as air; ethereal.
A\'89rial acid, carbonic acid.
[Obs.] Ure. -- A\'89rial
perspective. See Perspective.
A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty (#), n. The
state of being a\'89rial; /nsubstantiality.
[R.]
De Quincey.
A*\'89"ri*al*ly (#), adv. Like,
or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner. \'bdA murmur
heard a\'89rially.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ae"rie (?; 277), n. [OE.
aire, eire, air, nest, also
origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area,
aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L.
area an open space (for birds of prey like to build
their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks).
Cf. Area.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of
an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie.
Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place
perched like an eagle's nest.
A`\'89r*if"er*ous (#), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -ferous: cf. F.
a\'82rif\'8are.] Conveying or containing
air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is an
a\'89riferous tube.
A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rification. See
A/rify.] 1. The act of combining
air with another substance, or the state of being filled with
air.
2. The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing
from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state
of being a\'89riform.
A"\'89r*i*form (?; 277), a. [L.
a\'89r air + -form: cf. F.
a\'82riforme.] Having the form or nature of
air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.
A"\'89r*i*fy (#), v. t. [L.
a\'89r air + -fly.] 1.
To infuse air into; to combine air with.
2. To change into an a\'89riform state.
A"\'89r*o-. [Gr. /, /, air.] The
combining form of the Greek word meaning air.
A"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / life.]
(Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact
with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the
microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive
fluids.
A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?; 101), a.
(Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of,
a\'89robies; as, a\'89robiotic plants, which live
only when supplied with free oxygen.
A"\'89r*cyst (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + cyst.]
(Bot.) One of the air cells of algals.
A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to the force of air in motion.
A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + dynamics: cf. F.
a\'82rodynamique.] The science which treats
of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force,
and of their mechanical effects.
A`\'89r*og"no*sy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / knowing, knowledge: cf. F.
a\'82rognosie.] The science which treats of
the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in
nature.
Craig.
A`\'89r*og"ra*pher (#), n. One
versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.
{ A`\'89r*o*graph"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. Pertaining to a\'89rography;
a\'89rological.
A`\'89r*og"ra*phy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -graphy: cf. F.
a\'82rographie.] A description of the air
or atmosphere; a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (#), a.
[A\'89ro- + hydrodynamic.]
Acting by the force of air and water; as, an
a\'89rohydrodynamic wheel.
A"\'89r*o*lite (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -lite: cf. F.
a\'82rolithe.] (Meteor.) A
stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from
distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone.
stony
meteorites.
A"\'89r*o*lith (#), n. Same as
A/rolite.
A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + lithology.] The
science of a\'89rolites.
A`\'89r*o*lit"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; as,
a\'89rolitic iron.
Booth.
{ A`\'89r*o*log"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in a\'89rology.
A`\'89r*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -logy: cf. F.
a\'82rologie.] That department of physics
which treats of the atmosphere.
A"\'89r*o*man`cy (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -mancy: cf. F.
a\'82romancie.] Divination from the state
of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting
changes in the weather.
A`\'89r*om"e*ter (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -meter: cf. F.
\'82rom\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.
A`\'89r*o*met"ric (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a\'89rometry; as, a\'89rometric
investigations.
A`\'89r*om"e*try (#), n.
[A\'89ro- + -metry: cf. F.
\'82rom\'82trie.] The science of measuring
the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity,
rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.
A"\'89r*o*naut (?; 277), n. [F.
a\'82ronaute, fr. Gr. / air + / sailor. See
Nautical.] An a\'89rial navigator; a
balloonist.
{ A`\'89r*o*naut"ic (#),
A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. a\'82ronauitique.] Pertaining
to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.
A`\'89r*o*naut"ics (#), n. The
science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means
of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.
{ \'d8A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a (#),
A`\'89r*oph"o*by (#), } n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / fear: cf. F.
a\'82rophobie.] (Med.) Dread of
a current of air.
A"\'89r*o*phyte (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / plant, / to grow: cf. F.
a\'82rophyte.] (Bot.) A plant
growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from
it; an air plant or epiphyte.
A"\'89r*o*plane` (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + plane.] A
flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which
floats in the air only when propelled through it.
A"\'89r*o*scope (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / to look out.]
(Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting
spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.
A`\'89r*os"co*py (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + Gr. / a looking out; / to spy
out.] The observation of the state and variations of
the atmosphere.
\'92*rose" (/), a. [L.
aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass,
copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper;
brassy. [R.]
A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + siderite.]
(Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron.
A"\'89r*o*sphere (/), n.
[A\'89ro- + sphere: cf. F.
a\'82rosph\'8are.] The atmosphere.
[R.]
A"\'89r*o*stat (/), n. [F.
a\'82rostat, fr. Gr. / air + / placed. See
Statics.] 1. A balloon.
2. A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.
{A`\'89r*o*stat"ic (/),
A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al (/),}
a. [A\'89ro- + Gr. /: cf. F.
a\'82rostatique. See Statical,
Statics.] 1. Of or pertaining to
a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.
2. A\'89ronautic; as, an a\'89rostatic
voyage.
A`\'89r*o*stat"ics (/), n.
The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic
fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes
a\'89ronautics.
A`\'89r*os*ta"tion (/), n.
[Cf. F. a\'82rostation the art of using
a\'89rostats.] 1. A\'89rial
navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the
air.
2. The science of weighing air;
a\'89rostatics. [Obs.]
\'92*ru"gi*nous (/), a. [L.
aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr.
aes copper: cf. F. \'82rugineux.]
Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of
copper.
\'d8\'92*ru"go (/), n. [L.
aes brass, copper.] The rust of any metal,
esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.
Ae"ry (/), n. An aerie.
A"\'89r*y (/), a. [See
Air.] A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal;
visionary. [Poetic]
M. Arnold.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*an (/), a.
Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical;
medicinal.
\'92s`cu*la"pi*us (/), n. [L.
Aesculapius, Gr. /.] (Myth.)
The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.
\'92s"cu*lin (/), n. Same as
Esculin.
\'92*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (/),
a. [L. Aesopius, from Gr. /, fr. the
famous Greek fabulist \'92sop (/).] Of or
pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.
\'92*sop"ic, E*sop"ic
(/), a. [L.
Aesopicus, Gr. /.] Same as
\'92sopian.
\'d8\'92s*the"si*a (/), n.
[Gr. / sensation, fr. / to perceive.]
(Physiol.) Perception by the senses; feeling; --
the opposite of an\'91sthesia.
\'92s*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter
(/), n. [Gr. / (see
\'92sthesia) + \'cfmeter.] An
instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at
how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be
distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of
tactile sensibility is normal or altered.
\'d8\'92s*the""sis (/), n.
[Gr. /.] Sensuous perception.
[R.]
Ruskin.
\'92s`the*sod"ic (/), a. [Gr.
/ sensation + / a way; cf. F.
esth\'82sodique.] (Physiol.)
Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of
nerves.
\'92s"thete (/), n. [Gr. /
one who perceives.] One who makes much or overmuch of
\'91sthetics. [Recent]
{\'92s*thet"ic (/),
\'92s*thet"ic*al (/),} a.
Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics;
as, \'91sthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons,
etc.
-- \'92s*thet"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92s`the*ti"can (#), n. One
versed in \'91sthetics.
\'92s*thet"i*cism (#), n. The
doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the
beautiful in nature and art.
Lowell.
\'92s*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (/;
277), n. [Gr. / perceptive, esp. by
feeling, fr. / to perceive, feel: cf. G.
\'84sthetik, F. esth\'82tique.]
The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the
beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the
expression and embodiment of beauty by art.
\'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n.
[Gr. / to perceive + E. physiology.]
The science of sensation in relation to nervous
action.
H. Spenser.
\'92s"ti*val (#), a. [L.
aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas
summer.] Of or belonging to the summer; as,
\'91stival diseases. [Spelt also
estival.]
\'92s"ti*vate (#), v. i. [L.
aestivare, aestivatum.] 1.
To spend the summer.
2. (Zo\'94l.) To pass the summer in a
state of torpor.
[Spelt also estivate.]
\'92s`ti*va"tion (#), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The state of torpidity induced by the
heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to
hibernation.
2. (Bot.) The arrangement of the petals
in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.;
prefloration.
Gray.
[Spelt also estivation.]
\'92s"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. & a.
See Estuary.
\'92s"tu*ous (#), a. [L.
aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.]
Glowing; agitated, as with heat.
A*\'89`the*og"a*mous (#), a.
[Gr. / unusual (/ priv. + / custom) + /
marriage.] (Bot.) Propagated in an unusual
way; cryptogamous.
\'92"ther (#), n. See
Ether.
\'92"thi*ops min"er*al (#). (Chem.)
Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]
\'92th"o*gen (#), n. [Gr. /
fire, light + -gen.] (Chem.) A
compound of nitrogen and boro/, which, when heated before the
blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride.
\'92"thri*o*scope (#), n. [Gr.
/ clear + / to observe.] An instrument consisting
in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring
changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the
sky, as when clear or clouded.
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause. --
\'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'92`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
aetologia, Gr. /; / cause + / description: cf.
F. \'82tiologie.] 1. The science,
doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of
the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and
development of things.
2. The assignment of a cause.
\'d8A`\'89*ti"tes (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (sc. /) stone, fr. / eagle.] See
Eaglestone.
A*far" (#), adv. [Pref.
a-.(for on or of) +
far.] At, to, or from a great distance; far
away; -- often used with from preceding, or
off following; as, he was seen from afar;
I saw him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines
afar.
Beattie.
A*feard" (#), p. a. [OE.
afered, AS. \'bef/red, p. p. of
\'bef/ran to frighten; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + f/ran to frighten. See
Fear.] Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises.
Shak.
\'d8A"fer (#), n. [L.]
The southwest wind.
Milton.
Af`fa*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
affabilitas: cf. F. affabilit\'82.]
The quality of being affable; readiness to converse;
courteousness in receiving others and in conversation;
complaisant behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in
procuring love.
Elyot
Af"fa*ble (#), a. [F.
affable, L. affabilis, fr.
affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See
Fable.] 1. Easy to be spoken to or
addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a
free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.
An affable and courteous gentleman.
Shak.
His manners polite and affable.
Macaulay.
2. Gracious; mild; benign.
A serene and affable countenance.
Tatler.
Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild;
benign; condescending.
Af"fa*ble*ness, n. Affability.
Af"fa*bly, adv. In an affable manner;
courteously.
<-- p. 28 -->
Af"fa*brous (#), a. [L.
affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.]
Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made.
[R.]
Bailey.
Af*fair" (#), n. [OE.
afere, affere, OF. afaire, F.
affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad +
facere to do. See Fact, and cf.
Ado.] 1. That which is done or is to
be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to
manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or
public; -- often in the plural. \'bdAt the head of
affairs.\'b8 Junius. \'bdA talent
for affairs.\'b8 Prescott.
2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to
refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of
honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love,
i. e., an intrigue.
3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of
sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.
4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.]
And with his best affair
Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun.
Chapman.
5. A material object (vaguely designated).
A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and
faded.
Hawthorne.
Af*fam"ish (#), v. t. & i. [F.
affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See
Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from,
hunger. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fam"ish*ment (#), n.
Starvation.
Bp. Hall.
Af*fat"u*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Af*fear" (#), v. t. [OE.
aferen, AS. \'bef/ran. See
Afeard.] To frighten.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fect" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L.
affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by
active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F.
affectere, L. affectare, freq. of
afficere. See Fact.] 1.
To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.
As might affect the earth with cold heat.
Milton.
The climate affected their health and spirits.
Macaulay.
2. To influence or move, as the feelings or
passions; to touch.
A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me
very necessary for all who would affect them upon
solid and pure principles.
3. To love; to regard with affection.
[Obs.]
As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than
affected, rather honored than loved, her.
Fuller.
4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or
practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.
For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit
for /t, indeed.
Shak.
Do not affect the society of your inferiors in
rank, nor court that of the great.
Hazlitt.
5. To dispose or incline.
Men whom they thought best affected to religion and
their country's liberty.
Milton.
6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet.
[Obs.]
This proud man affects imperial /way.
Dryden.
7. To tend to by affinity or disposition.
The drops of every fluid affect a round figure.
Newton.
8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to
feign; to assume; as, to affect
ignorance.
Careless she is with artful care,
Affecting to seem unaffected.
Congreve.
Thou dost affect my manners.
Shak.
9. To assign; to appoint. [R.]
One of the domestics was affected to his special
service.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt;
soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.
Af*fect", n. [L.
affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion;
feeling; disposition. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af`fec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]
1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not
natural or real; false display; artificial show. \'bdAn
affectation of contempt.\'b8
Macaulay.
Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of
what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that
accompanies what is natural what is natural.
Locke.
2. A striving after. [Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n. One who exhibits
affectation. [R.]
Fitzed. Hall.
Af*fect"ed (#), p. p. & a.
1. Regarded with affection; beloved.
[Obs.]
His affected Hercules.
Chapman.
2. Inclined; disposed; attached.
How stand you affected his wish?
Shak.
3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to
posses what is not natural or real.
He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd.
Shak.
4. Assumed artificially; not natural.
Affected coldness and indifference.
Addison.
5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving
different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an
affected equation.
Af*fect"ed*ly, adv. 1. In an
affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than
reality.
2. Lovingly; with tender care.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fect"ed*ness, n. Affectation.
Af*fect"er (#), n. One who
affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after.
\'bdAffecters of wit.\'b8
Abp. Secker.
Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or state of being affectible. [R.]
Af*fect"i*bl/ (#), a. That
may be affected. [R.]
Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely,
become affectible.
Coleridge.
Af*fect"ing, a. 1. Moving the
emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching;
as, an affecting address; an affecting
sight.
The most affecting music is generally the most
simple.
2. Affected; given to false show.
[Obs.]
A drawling; affecting rouge.
Shak.
Af*fect"ing*ly (#), adv. In an
affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.
Af*fec"tion (#), n. [F.
affection, L. affectio, fr.
afficere. See Affect.] 1.
The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being
affected.
2. An attribute; a quality or property; a
condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. ,
are affections of bodies. \'bdThe
affections of quantity.\'b8
Boyle.
And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less,
An old and strange affection of the house.
Tennyson.
3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or
natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion;
as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude,
etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy,
etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.
Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as
a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or
quality.
Cogan.
4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous
or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly
followed by to, but now more generally by
for or towards; as, filial, social, or
conjugal affections; to have an affection for
or towards children.
All his affections are set on his own country.
Macaulay.
5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.]
Bp. Aylmer.
6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom;
malady; as, a pulmonary affection.
Dunglison.
7. The lively representation of any emotion.
Wotton.
8. Affectation. [Obs.]
\'bdSpruce affection.\'b8
Shak.
9. Passion; violent emotion.
[Obs.]
Most wretched man,
That to affections does the bridle lend.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness;
love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.
Af*fec"tion*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the affections; as, affectional
impulses; an affectional nature.
Af*fec"tion*ate (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectionn\'82.] 1. Having
affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an
affectionate brother.
2. Kindly inclined; zealous.
[Obs.]
Johson.
Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be
too affectionate.
Sprat.
3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love;
tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent;
affectionate countenance, message, language.
4. Strongly inclined; -- with to.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond;
earnest; ardent.
Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a. Disposed;
inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people.
Holinshed.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv. With affection;
lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.
Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality of
being affectionate; fondness; affection.
Af*fec"tioned (#), a. 1.
Disposed. [Archaic]
Be kindly affectioned one to another.
Rom. xii. 10.
2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.]
Shak.
Af*fec"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
affectif.] 1. Tending to affect;
affecting. [Obs.]
Burnet.
2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional;
emotional.
Rogers.
Af*fec"tive*ly, adv. In an affective
manner; impressively; emotionally.
Af*fec"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See
Affect.] Full of passion or emotion;
earnest. [Obs.] --
Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
Af*feer" (#), v. t. [OF.
aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess,
fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL.
also meaning pri//.] 1. To
confirm; to assure. [Obs.] \'bdThe title is
affeered.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an
arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable
sum.
Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges.
Blackstone.
{ Af*feer"er (#), Af*feer"or
(#), } n. [OF. aforeur,
LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One
who affeers.
Cowell.
Af*feer"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aforement.] (Old Law) The act of
affeering.
Blackstone.
Af"fer*ent (#), a. [L.
afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad +
ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or
conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to
efferent; as, afferent vessels;
afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the
external organs to the brain.
\'d8Af*fet`tu*o"so (#), adv.
[It.] (Mus.) With feeling.
Af*fi"ance (#), n. [OE.
afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance,
fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to
trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides
faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit,
Affy, Confidence.] 1.
Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.
2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.
Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual
affiance in the divine love.
Sir J. Stephen.
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have
Most joy and most affiance.
Tennyson.
Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. /
p. p. Affianced (#); p. pr. / vb.
n. Affiancing (#).] [Cf.
OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]
1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for
marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in
marriage.
To me, sad maid, he was affianced.
Spenser.
2. To assure by promise. [Obs.]
Pope.
Af*fi"an*cer (#), n. One who
makes a contract of marriage between two persons.
Af*fi"ant (#), n. [From p. pr.
of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See
Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an
affidavit. [U. S.]
Burrill.
Syn. -- Deponent. See Deponent.
Af`fi*da"vit (#), n. [LL.
affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of
affidare. See Affiance, Affy.]
(Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration
in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized
magistrate.
Bouvier. Burrill.
ex parte, and without
cross-examination, and in this differs from a
deposition. It is also applied to written statements
made on affirmation.
Syn. -- Deposition. See Deposition.
Af*file" (#), v. t. [OF.
afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen;
a (L. ad) + fil thread,
edge.] To polish. [Obs.]
Af*fil"i*a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.
Af*fil"i*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affiliated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating
(#).] [LL. adfiliare,
affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius
son: cf. F. affilier.] 1. To
adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or
receive into close connection; to ally.
Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged
and in rebellion?
I. Taylor.
2. To fix the paternity of; -- said of an
illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child
to (or on or upon) one man rather than
another.
3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace
origin to.
How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of
hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes?
H. Spencer.
4. To attach (to) or unite
(with); to receive into a society as a member, and
initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by
to or with.
Affiliated societies, societies connected with
a central society, or with each other.
Af*fil"i*ate, v. i. To connect or
associate one's self; -- followed by with; as,
they affiliate with no party.
Af*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. [F.
affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]
1. Adoption; association or reception as a member
in or of the same family or society.
2. (Law) The establishment or
ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a
bastard, to its father; filiation.
3. Connection in the way of descent.
H. Spencer.
Af*fi"nal (#), a. [L.
affinis.] Related by marriage; from the
same source.
Af*fine" (#), v. t. [F.
affiner to refine; / (L. ad) +
fin fine. See Fine.] To
refine. [Obs.]
Holland.
Af*fined" (#), a. [OF.
afin\'82 related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare
to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to;
ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in
affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] \'bdAll
affined and kin.\'b8
Shak.
Af*fin"i*ta*tive (#), a. Of the
nature of affinity. --
Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly,
adv.
Af*fin"i*tive, a. Closely connected, as
by affinity.
Af*fin"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Affinities(#). [OF.
afinit\'82, F. affinit\'82, L.
affinites, fr. affinis. See
Affined.]
1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband
and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her
husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to
consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed
by with, to, or between.
Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.
1 Kings iii. 1.
2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation;
conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the
affinity of sounds, of colors, or of
languages.
There is a close affinity between imposture and
credulity.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Companionship; acquaintance.
[Obs.]
About forty years past, I began a happy affinity
with William Cranmer.
Burton.
4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes
place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous
particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;
chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.
5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between
species or highe/ groups dependent on resemblance in the whole
plan of structure, and indicating community of origin.
6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual
relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between
persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman
who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
Af*firm" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affirmed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affirming.] [OE. affermen,
OF. afermer, F. affirmer,
affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad +
firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See
Firm.] 1. To make firm; to confirm, or
ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a
judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for
review.
2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence;
to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to
deny.
Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
Acts xxv. 19.
3. (Law) To declare, as a fact,
solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation,
4.
Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure;
pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify.
-- To Affirm, Asseverate,
Aver, Protest. We affirm when we
declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We
asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with
increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We
aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we
have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more
public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People
asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their
veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous
to be believed; they protest when they wish to free
themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their
innocence.
Af*firm", v. i. 1. To declare
or assert positively.
Not that I so affirm, though so it seem
To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth.
Milton.
2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration,
before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties
of perjury; to testify by affirmation.
Af*firm"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by
of; as, an attribute affirmable of every
just man.
Af*firm"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
afermance.] 1. Confirmation;
ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.
This statute . . . in affirmance of the common
law.
Bacon.
2. A strong declaration; affirmation.
Cowper.
<-- p. 29 -->
Af*firm"ant (#), n. [L.
affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See
Affirm.] 1. One who affirms or
asserts.
2. (Law) One who affirms of taking an
oath.
Af`fir*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]
1. Confirmation of anything established;
ratification; as, the affirmation of a
law.
Hooker.
2. The act of affirming or asserting as true;
assertion; -- opposed to negation or
denial.
3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive
/tatement; an averment; as, an affirmation, by the
vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.
4. (Law) A solemn declaration made under
the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline
taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an
oath.
Bouvier.
Af*firm"a*tive (#), a. [L.
affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]
1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act
affirmative of common law.
2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so;
declaratory of what exists; answering \'bdyes\'b8 to a question;
-- opposed to negative; as, an
affirmative answer; an affirmative
vote.
3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.]
J. Taylor.
Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of
Crito.
Berkeley.
4. (logic) Expressing the agreement of
the two terms of a proposition.
5. (Alg.) Positive; -- a term applied to
quantities which are to be added, and opposed to
negative, or such as are to be subtracted.
Af*firm"a*tive, n. 1. That
which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative
proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the
proposition stated; -- opposed to negative; as,
there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in
the negative.
Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my
purpose that many have believed the affirmative.
Dryden.
2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or
assent; as, yes, that is so,
etc.
Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv. In an
affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the
affirmative; -- opposed to negatively.
Af*firm"a*to*ry (#), a. Giving
affirmation; assertive; affirmative.
Massey.
Af*firm"er (#), n. One who
affirms.
Af*fix" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affixed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Affixing.] [LL. affixare, L.
affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to;
ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F.
afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See
Fix.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or add
at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as,
to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal
to an instrument; to affix one's name to a
writing.
2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach
physically.
Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves
of a plant improper for their food.
Ray.
3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names
affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things;
to affix a stigma to a person; to affix
ridicule or blame to any one.
4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with
on or upon; as, eyes affixed
upon the ground. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.
Af"fix (#), n.; pl.
Affixes (#). [L. affixus, p. p.
of affigere: cf. F. affixe.]
That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more
letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a
postfix.
Af*fix"ion (#), n. [L.
affixio, fr. affigere.]
Affixture. [Obs.]
T. Adams.
Af*fix"ture (?; 135), n. The
act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.
Af*fla"tion (#), n. [L.
afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or
breathe on; ad + flare to blow.] A blowing
or breathing on; inspiration.
Af*fla"tus (#), n. [L., fr.
afflare. See Afflation.] 1.
A breath or blast of wind.
2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural
impulse; inspiration.
A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet
without his afflatus.
Spence.
Af*flict" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Afflicting.] [L.
afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down,
deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF.
aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf.
Flagellate.] 1. To strike or cast
down; to overthrow. [Obs.] \'bdReassembling
our afflicted powers.\'b8
Milton.
2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon,
causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously;
to torment.
They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them
with their burdens.
Exod. i. 11.
That which was the worst now least afflicts me.
Milton.
3. To make low or humble. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an
afflicted truth.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment;
wound; hurt.
Af*flict", p. p. & a. [L.
afflictus, p. p.] Afflicted.
[Obs.]
Becon.
Af*flict"ed*ness, n. The state of being
afflicted; affliction. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Af*flict"er (#), n. One who
afflicts.
Af*flict"ing, a. Grievously painful;
distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting
event. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.
Af*flic"tion (#), n. [F.
affliction, L. afflictio, fr.
affligere.] 1. The cause of
continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an
instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.
To repay that money will be a biting
affliction.
Shak.
2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain,
distress, or grief.
Some virtues are seen only in affliction.
Addison.
Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity;
misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship.
-- Affliction, Sorrow, Grief,
Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of
wide and general application; grief and
distress have reference to particular cases.
Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies
deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause,
such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We
do not speak of mere sickness or pain as \'bdan affliction,\'b8
though one who suffers from either is said to be
afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as
deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called
afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to
prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and
grief are much alike in meaning, but grief
is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental
suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the
death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and
is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked
upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent
and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding.
Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or
mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless,
agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind
or body. Affliction is allayed, grief
subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is
mitigated.
Af*flic"tion*less (#), a. Free
from affliction.
Af*flic"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
afflictif.] Giving pain; causing continued
or repeated pain or grief; distressing. \'bdJove's
afflictive hand.\'b8
Pope.
Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive
pain.
Prior.
Af*flic"tive*ly, adv. In an afflictive
manner.
Af"flu*ence (#), n. [F.
affluence, L. affluentia, fr.
affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to;
ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]
1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an
influx.
The affluence of young nobles from hence into
Spain.
Wotton.
There is an unusual affluence of strangers this
year.
Carlyle.
2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words,
feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property;
wealth.
And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease.
Coldsmith.
Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty;
wealth; opulence.
Af"flu*en*cy (#), n.
Affluence. [Obs.]
Addison.
Af"flu*ent (#), a. [Cf. F.
affluent, L. affluens, -entis,
p. pr. See Affluence.] 1. Flowing
to; flowing abundantly. \'bdAffluent blood.\'b8
Harvey.
2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy;
abounding in goods or riches.
Language . . . affluent in expression.
H. Reed.
Loaded and blest with all the affluent store,
Which human vows at smoking shrines implore.
Prior.
Af"flu*ent, n. A stream or river flowing
into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.
Af"flu*ent*ly, adv. Abundantly;
copiously.
Af*flu*ent*ness, n. Great plenty.
[R.]
Af"flux` (#), n. [L.
affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F.
afflux. See Affluence.] A flowing
towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood
to the head.
Af*flux"ion (#), n. The act of
flowing towards; afflux.
Sir T. Browne.
Af"fo*dill (#), n.
Asphodel. [Obs.]
Af*force" (#), v. t. [OF.
afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad +
fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.] To
re\'89nforce; to strengthen.
Hallam.
Af*force"ment (#), n.
[OF.] 1. A fortress; a fortification for
defense. [Obs.]
Bailey.
2. A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening.
Hallam.
Af*for"ci*a*ment (#), n. See
Afforcement. [Obs.]
Af*ford" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Afforded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affording.] [OE.
aforthen, AS. gefor/ian,
for/ian, to further, accomplish, afford, fr.
for/ forth, forward. The prefix ge- has
no well defined sense. See Forth.] 1.
To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural
result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine;
olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the
sea affords an abundant supply of fish.
2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter
reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to
furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old
age.
His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers.
Addison.
The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats.
Gilpin.
3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling,
granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great
injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a
man can afford a sum yearly in charity.
4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious
detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be
injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as can,
could, might, etc.; to be able or rich
enough.
The merchant can afford to trade for smaller
profits.
Hamilton.
He could afford to suffer
With those whom he saw suffer.
Wordsworth.
Af*ford"a*ble (#), a. That may
be afforded.
Af*ford"ment (#), n. Anything
given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]
Af*for"est (#), v. t. [LL.
afforestare; ad + forestare. See
Forest.] To convert into a forest; as, to
afforest a tract of country.
Af*for`es*ta"tion (#), n. The
act of converting into forest or woodland.
Blackstone.
Af*form"a*tive (#), n. An
affix.
Af*fran"chise (#), v. t. [F.
affranchir; / (L. ad) +
franc free. See Franchise and
Frank.] To make free; to enfranchise.
Johnson.
Af*fran"chise*ment (#), n. [Cf.
F. affranchissement.] The act of making
free; enfranchisement. [R.]
Af*frap" (#), v. t. & i. [Cf.
It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F.
frapper to strike. See Frap.] To
strike, or strike down. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fray" (#), v. t.
[p. p. Affrayed.]
[OE. afraien, affraien, OF.
effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer,
orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG.
fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf.
Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.]
[Archaic] 1. To startle from quiet; to
alarm.
Smale foules a great heap
That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep.
Chaucer.
2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.
That voice doth us affray.
Shak.
Af*fray" (#), n. [OE.
afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F.
effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See
Affray, v. t.] 1. The act
of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack.
[Obs.]
2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a
fray. \'bdIn the very midst of the affray.\'b8
Motley.
4. (Law) The fighting of two or more
persons, in a public place, to the terror of others.
Blackstone.
affray.
Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest;
feud; tumult; disturbance.
Af*fray"er (#), n. One engaged
in an affray.
Af*fray"ment (#), n.
Affray. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*freight" (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + freight: cf. F.
affr\'82ter. See Freight.] To
hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or
freight.
Af*freight"er (#), n. One who
hires or charters a ship to convey goods.
Af*freight"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
affr\'82tement.] The act of hiring, or the
contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey
cargo.
Af*fret" (#), n. [Cf. It.
affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.]
A furious onset or attack. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Af*fric"tion (#), n. [L.
affricare to rub on. See Friction.]
The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]
Af*friend"ed (#), p. p. Made
friends; reconciled. [Obs.] \'bdDeadly foes .
. . affriended.\'b8
Spenser.
Af*fright" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] [Orig.
p. p.; OE. afright, AS. \'befyrhtan to
terrify; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger.
er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto
fright. See Fright.] To impress with sudden
fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls.
Shak.
A drear and dying sound
Affrights the flamens at their service quaint.
Milton.
Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare;
startle; daunt; intimidate.
Af*fright", p. a. Affrighted.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Af*fright", n. 1. Sudden and
great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than
fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than
terror.
He looks behind him with affright, and forward with
despair.
Goldsmith.
2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror;
an object of dread.
B. Jonson.
Af*fright"ed*ly, adv. With fright.
Drayton.
Af*fright"en (#), v. t. To
frighten. [Archaic] \'bdFit tales . . . to
affrighten babes.\'b8
Southey.
Af*fright"er (#), n. One who
frightens. [Archaic]
Af*fright"ful (#), a.
Terrifying; frightful. --
Af*fright"ful*ly, adv.
[Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions.
Cudworth.
Af*fright"ment (#), n.
Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or
alarm. [Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with
terror and affrightment.
Locke.
Af*front" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affronted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Affronting.] [OF.
afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL.
affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad +
frons forehead, front. See Front.]
1. To front; to face in position; to meet or
encounter face to face. [Obs.]
All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant.
Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here
Affront Ophelia.
Shak.
2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to
confront; as, to affront death; hence, to
meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]
3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect;
to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with
marked incivility.
How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to
affront the wife of Aurelius?
Addison.
Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight;
defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.
Af*front", n. [Cf. F.
affront, fr. affronter.] 1.
An encounter either friendly or hostile.
[Obs.]
I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded
On hostile ground, none daring my affront.
Milton.
2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or
justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity;
insult.
Offering an affront to our understanding.
Addison.
3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- Affront, Insult, Outrage.
An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually
in the presence of others. An insult is a personal
attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or
degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent
insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an
insult irritates and provokes; an outrage
wounds and injures.
Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an
affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they
seek opportunities of offering each other insults.
Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of
outrages.
Crabb.
Af*fron*t\'82" (#), a. [F.
affront\'82, p. p.] (Her.) Face
to face, or front to front; facing.
Af*front"ed*ly (#), adv.
Shamelessly. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Af*fron*tee", n. One who receives an
affront.
Lytton.
Af*front"er (#), n. One who
affronts, or insults to the face.
Af*front"ing*ly, adv. In an affronting
manner.
Af*front"ive (#), a. Tending to
affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy.
South.
<-- p. 30 -->
Af*front"ive*ness (#), n. The
quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.]
Bailey.
Af*fuse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affused
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing
(#).] [L. affusus, p. p. of
affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See
Fuse.] To pour out or upon.
[R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed
beans.
Boyle.
Af*fu"sion (#), n. [Cf. F.
affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or
sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism.
Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or
other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in
disease.
Dunglison.
Af*fy" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Affied (#);
p. pr. Affying.] [OF.
afier, LL. affidare. Cf.
Affiance.] 1. To confide (one's self
to, or in); to trust.
[Obs.]
2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To bind in faith. [Obs.]
Bp. Montagu.
Af*fy", v. i. To trust or confide.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Af"ghan (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Afghanistan.
Af"ghan, n. 1. A native of
Afghanistan.
2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.
A*field" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + field.] 1. To, in,
or on the field. \'bdWe drove afield.\'b8
Milton.
How jocund did they drive their team afield!
Gray.
2. Out of the way; astray.
Why should he wander afield at the age of
fifty-five!
Trollope.
A*fire" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + fire.] On fire.
A*flame" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flame.] Inflames; glowing
with light or passion; ablaze.
G. Eliot.
A*flat" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + flat.] Level with the
ground; flat. [Obs.]
Bacon.
A*flaunt" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flaunt.] In a flaunting
state or position.
Copley.
A*flick"er (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flicker.] In a
flickering state.
A*float" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + float.] 1. Borne
on the water; floating; on board ship.
On such a full sea are we now afloat.
Shak.
2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general
circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.
3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control;
adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.
A*flow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flow.] Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears.
R. Browning.
A*flush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + flush, n.] In a flushed or
blushing state.
A*flush", adv. & a. [Pref. a-
+ flush, a.] On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea.
Swinburne.
A*flut"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + flutter.] In a
flutter; agitated.
A*foam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foam.] In a foaming state;
as, the sea is all afoam.
A*foot" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + foot.] 1. On
foot.
We 'll walk afoot a while.
Shak.
2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in
progress.
The matter being afoot.
Shak.
A*fore" (#), adv. [OE.
afore, aforn, AS. onforan or
\'91tforan; pref. a- +
fore.] 1. Before.
[Obs.]
If he have never drunk wine afore.
Shak.
2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a
vessel.
A*fore", prep. 1. Before (in
all its senses). [Archaic]
2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther
forward than; as, afore the windlass.
Afore the mast, among the common sailors; -- a
phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the
officers.
A*fore"cit`ed (#), a. Named or
quoted before.
A*fore"go`ing (#), a. Go\'c6ng
before; foregoing.
A*fore"hand` (#) adv.
Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or
Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body.
Mark xiv. 8.
A*fore"hand`, a. Prepared; previously
provided; -- opposed to behindhand.
[Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power.
Bacon.
A*fore"men`tioned (#), a.
Previously mentioned; before-mentioned.
Addison.
A*fore"named` (#), a. Named
before.
Peacham.
A*fore"said` (#), a. Said
before, or in a preceding part; already described or
identified.
A*fore"thought` (#), a.
Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed;
as, malice aforethought, which is required to
constitute murder.
Bouvier.
A*fore"thought`, n. Premeditation.
A*fore"time` (#), adv. In time
past; formerly. \'bdHe prayed . . . as he did
aforetime.\'b8
Dan. vi. 10.
\'d8A for`ti*o"ri (#). [L.]
(Logic & Math.) With stronger reason.
A*foul" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + foul.] In collision;
entangled.
Totten.
To run afoul of, to run against or come into
collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause
injury.
A*fraid" (#), p. a. [OE.
afrayed, affraide, p. p. of
afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf.
Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension;
in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun
it limits.] \'bdBack they recoiled,
afraid.\'b8
Milton.
terrified or frightened. It is followed by
of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or
by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death.
\'bdI am afraid to die.\'b8 \'bdI am
afraid he will chastise me.\'b8 \'bdBe not
afraid that I your hand should take.\'b8
Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used
colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I
can not help you in this matter.
Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.
Af"reet (#), n. Same as
Afrit.
A*fresh" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + fresh.] Anew; again; once
more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh.
Heb. vi. 6.
Af"ric (#), a. African.
-- n. Africa.
[Poetic]
Af"ri*can (#), a. [L.
Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer
African.] Of or pertaining to Africa.
African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves
of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa
and India. -- African marigold, a tropical
American plant (Tagetes erecta). --
African oak African teak,
a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in
ship building.
<-- African violet
African-American, a United States citizen
of African descent-->
Af"ri*can, n. A native of Africa; also
one ethnologically belonging to an African race.
Af`ri*can"der (#), n. One born
in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a \'bdcolored\'b8
mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born
of European settlers.
Af"ri*can*ism (#), n. A word,
phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans.
\'bdThe knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers.\'b8
Milton.
Af"ri*can*ize (#), v. t. To
place under the domination of Africans or negroes.
[Amer.]
Bartlett.
Af"rit (#), Af"rite(#),
Af"reet(#), n. [Arab.
'ifr\'c6t.] (Moham. Myth.) A
powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.
A*front" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + front.] In front; face to
face. -- prep. In front of.
Shak.
Aft (#), adv. & a. [AS.
\'91ftan behind; orig. superl. of of,
off. See After.] (Naut.)
Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.
Aft"er (#), a. [AS.
\'91fter after, behind; akin to Goth.
aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel.
aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG.
aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. /
further off. The ending -ter is an old comparative
suffix, in E. generally -ther (as in
other), and after is a compar. of
of, off. / See Of; cf.
Aft.] 1. Next; later in time;
subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of
life.
Marshall.
after-ages, after-act,
after-days, after-life. For the most part
the words are properly kept separate when after has
this meaning.
2. Hinder; nearer the rear.
(Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied
to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the
after cabin, after hatchway. It
is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines,
after-braces, after-sails,
after-yards, those on the mainmasts and
mizzenmasts.
After body (Naut.), the part of a
ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.
Aft"er, prep. 1. Behind in
place; as, men in line one after another.
\'bdShut doors after you.\'b8
Shak.
2. Below in rank; next to in order.
Shak.
Codrus after Ph/bus sings the best.
Dryden.
3. Later in time; subsequent; as,
after supper, after three days. It often
precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed
between it and the clause.
After I am risen again, I will go before you into
Galilee.
Matt. xxvi. 32.
4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as,
after what you have said, I shall be careful.
5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as,
after all our advice, you took that course.
6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search
of; in pursuit of.
Ye shall not go after other gods.
Deut. vi. 14.
After whom is the king of Israel come out?
1 Sam. xxiv. 14.
7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in
relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire
after a friend; to thirst after
righteousness.
8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the
manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a
picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his
father.
To name or call after,
to name like and reference to.
Our eldest son was named George after
his uncle.
Goldsmith.
9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity
with the nature of; as, he acted after his
kind.
He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes.
Isa. xi. 3.
They that are after the flesh do mind the things of
the flesh.
Rom. viii. 5.
10. According to the direction and influence of; in
proportion to; befitting. [Archaic]
He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency,
and not after their intrinsic value.
Bacon.
After all, when everything has been
considered; upon the whole. -- After (with the
same noun preceding and following), as, wave after
wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.)
successively. -- One after another,
successively. -- To be after, to be in
pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after
money.
Aft"er, adv. Subsequently in time or
place; behind; afterward; as, he follows
after.
It was about the space of three hours after.
Acts. v. 7.
After is prefixed to many words, forming
compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may
be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in
after- described, after-dinner,
after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to
connect the adjective after with its noun. See
Note under After, a., 1.
Aft"er*birth` (#), n.
(Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the
fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.
Aft"er*cast` (#), n. A throw of
dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too
late.
Gower.
Aft"er*clap` (#), n. An
unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening
after an affair is supposed to be at an end.
Spenser.
Aft"er*crop` (#), n. A second
crop or harvest in the same year.
Mortimer.
Aft"er damp` (#). An irrespirable gas,
remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp.
See Carbonic acid.
Aft"er-din`ner(#), n. The time
just after dinner. \'bdAn after-dinner's
sleep.\'b8 Shak. [Obs.] --
a. Following dinner; post-prandial; as,
an after-dinner nap.
Aft"er-eat`age(#), n.
Aftergrass.
Aft"er*eye` (#), v. t. To look
after. [Poetic]
Shak.
Aft"er*game` (#), n. A second
game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient.
Wotton.
Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very
nearly resembling backgammon.
Beau. & Fl.
Aft"er-glow(#), n. A glow of
refulgence in the western sky after sunset.
Aft"er*grass` (#), n. The grass
that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.
Aft"er*growth` (#), n. A second
growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development.
J. S. Mill.
Aft"er*guard` (#), n.
(Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the
poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails.
Totten.
Aft"er-im`age(#), n. The
impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye
after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions
left of tones, smells, etc.
Aft"er*ings (#), n. pl. The
last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.]
Grose.
Aft"er*math (#), n.
[After + math. See
Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows
after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen.
Holland.
Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a.
Mentioned afterwards; as, persons
after-mentioned (in a writing).
Aft"er*most (#), a. superl.
[OE. eftemest, AS. \'91ftemest,akin to
Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig.
a superlative of of, with the superlative endings
-te, -me, -st.]
1. Hindmost; -- opposed to
foremost.
2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most
aft.
Aft"er*noon" (#), n. The part
of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.
Aft"er-note`(#), n.
(Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the
unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the
preceding note.
Aft"er*pains` (#), n. pl.
(Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in
expelling the afterbirth.
Aft"er*piece` (#), n. 1.
A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other
small entertainment.
2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder.
Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl.
(Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the
stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast.
Totten.
Aft"er*shaft` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The hypoptilum.
Aft"er*taste` (#), n. A taste
which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.
Aft"er*thought` (#), n.
Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or
expedient.
{ Aft"er*wards (#), Aft"er*ward
(#), } adv. [AS.
\'91fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and
-ward (suffix). The final s in
afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive
ending.] At a later or succeeding time.
Aft"er*wise` (#), a. Wise after
the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.
Aft"er-wit` (#), n. Wisdom or perception
that comes after it can be of use.
\'bdAfter-wit comes too late when the
mischief is done.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Aft"er-wit`ted (#), a.
Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted.
Tyndale.
Aft"most (#), a. (Naut.)
Nearest the stern.
Aft"ward (#), adv.
(Naut.) Toward the stern.
\'d8A*ga" or \'d8A*gha"
(#), n. [Turk. adh\'be a great
lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief
officer. It is used also as a title of respect.
A*gain" (?; 277), adv. [OE.
agein, agayn, AS. ongegn,
onge\'a0n, against, again; on + ge\'a0n,
akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn.
Cf. Gainsay.] 1. In return, back;
as, bring us word again.
2. Another time; once more; anew.
If a man die, shall he live again?
Job xiv. 14.
3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large
again, half as much again.
4. In any other place. [Archaic]
Bacon.
5. On the other hand. \'bdThe one is my
sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman.\'b8
Shak.
6. Moreover; besides; further.
Again, it is of great consequence to avoid,
etc.
Hersche/.
Again and again, more than once; often;
repeatedly. -- Now and again, now and then;
occasionally. -- To and again, to and
fro. [Obs.] De Foe.
again-witness, to witness against;
again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to
come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring
back, etc.
{ A*gain" (#), A*gains"
(#), } prep. Against; also,
towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind.
Chaucer.
A*gain"buy` (#), v. t. To
redeem. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gain"say` (#), v. t. To
gainsay. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*gainst" (?; 277), prep. [OE.
agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The
s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See
Again.] 1. Abreast; opposite to;
facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a
river; -- in this sense often preceded by
over.
Jacob saw the angels of God come against him.
Tyndale.
2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or
come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats
against the roof.
3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of
sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in
contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against
reason; against law; to run a race against
time.
The gate would have been shut against her.
Fielding.
An argument against the use of steam.
Tyndale.
4. By of before the time that; in preparation for;
so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or
Dial.]
Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came
from Damascus.
2 Kings xvi. 11.
Against the sun, in a direction contrary to
that in which the sun appears to move.
A*gain"stand` (#), v. t. To
withstand. [Obs.]
A*gain"ward (#), adv. Back
again. [Obs.]
<-- p. 31 -->
{ \'d8Ag`a*lac"ti*a (#),
Ag"a*lax`y (#), } n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + /, /, milk.] (Med.)
Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.
Ag`a*lac"tous (#), a. Lacking
milk to suckle with.
\'d8A`gal-a"gal (#), n. Same as
Agar-agar.
{ Ag"al*loch (#),
\'d8A*gal"lo*chum (#), } n.
[Gr. /, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. aguru, Heb.
pl. ah\'bel\'c6m.] A soft, resinous wood
(Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt
by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also
agalwood and aloes wood.
The name is also given to some other species.
Ag`al*mat"o*lite (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, image, statue + -lite: cf. F.
agalmatolithe.] (Min.) A soft,
compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved
into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure
stone, and pagodite. It is probably
a variety of pinite.
\'d8Ag"a*ma (#), n.; pl.
Agamas (#). [From the Caribbean name
of a species of lizard.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances;
also, one of these lizards.
\'d8Ag"a*mi (#), n.; pl.
Agamis (#). [F. agex>, fr. the native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird
(Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily
domesticated; -- called also the gold-breasted
trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant.
See Trumpeter.
A*gam"ic (#), a.
[Agamous.] (a) (Biol.)
Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or
unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having
visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants;
agamous.
A*gam"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an
agamic manner.
Ag"a*mist (#), n. [See
Agamous.] An unmarried person; also, one
opposed to marriage.
Foxe.
\'d8Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis (#), n.
[Gr. / unmarried (/ priv. + / marriage) + /
reproduction.] (Biol.) Reproduction without
the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual
reproduction.
Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic (#), n.
(Biol.) Reproducing or produced without sexual
union. -- Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete
return to the primitive stock.
Huxley.
Ag"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
unmarried; / priv. + / marriage.] (Biol.)
Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bo>.,
cryptogamous.
A*gan`gli*o"nic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + ganglionic.]
(Physiol.) Without ganglia.
A*gape" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gape.] Gaping, as with
wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape.
Milton.
\'d8Ag"a*pe (#), n.; pl.
Agap\'91 (#). [Gr. / love, pl.
/.] The love feast of the primitive Christians,
being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.
\'d8A`gar-a"gar (#), n.
[Ceylonese local name.] A fucus or seaweed much
used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss
(Gracilaria lichenoides).
Ag"a*ric (?; 277), n. [L.
agaricum, Gr. /, said to be fr. Agara, a
town in Sarmatia.] 1. (Bot.) A
fungus of the genus Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the
common mushroom is an example.
2. An old name for severwal species of
Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood.
female agaric\'b8 (Polyporus
officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the \'bdmale
agaric\'b8 (Polyporus igniarius) is used for
preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder.
Agaric mineral, a light, chalky deposit of
carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock milk, formed
in caverns or fissures of limestone.
A*gasp" (#), adv. & a. [.
a- + gasp.] In a state of
gasping.
Coleridge.
A*gast" or A*ghast" (#),
v. t. To affright; to terrify.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Spenser.
A*gast" (#), p. p. & a. See
Aghast.
A*gas"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / stomach.] (Physiol.) Having to
stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.
A*gate" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on + gate way.] On the way;
agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells
agate. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Ag"ate (#), n. [F.
agate, It. agata, L. achates,
fr. Gr. /.] 1. (Min.) A
semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting
various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately
arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds.
fortification agate, or Scotch
pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate,
etc., are familiar varieties.
2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than
pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called
ruby.
agate.
3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to
the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders,
etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for
burnishing.
Ag`a*tif"er*ous (#), a.
[Agate + -ferous.]
Containing or producing agates.
Craig.
Ag"a*tine (#), a. Pertaining
to, or like, agate.
Ag"a*tize (#), v. t. [Usually
p. p. Agatized(#).] To convert into
agate; to make resemble agate.
Dana.
Ag"a*ty (#), a. Of the nature
of agate, or containing agate.
A*ga"ve (#), n. [L.
Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. /, fem. of /
illustrious, noble.] (bot.) A genus of
plants (order Amaryllidace\'91) of which the chief
species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana),
wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according
to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic
flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The
fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans;
distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a
tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many
uses.
A*gazed" (#), p. p. [Only in p.
p.; another spelling for aghast.] Gazing
with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him.
Shak.
Age (#), n. [OF.
aage, eage, F. \'83ge, fr. L.
aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L.
aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr.
aevum lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever.
Cf. Each.] 1. The whole duration of
a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind;
lifetime.
Mine age is as nothing before thee.
Ps. xxxix. 5.
2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing
which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is
the present age of a man, or of the earth?
3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of
life; seniority; state of being old.
Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.
Shak.
4. One of the stages of life; as, the
age of infancy, of youth, etc.
Shak.
5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at
which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to
come of age; he (or she) is of age.
Abbott. In the United States, both males and
females are of age when twenty-one years
old.
6. The time of life at which some particular power
or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the
age of consent; the age of
discretion.
Abbott.
7. A particular period of time in history, as
distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the
age of Pericles. \'bdThe spirit of the
age.\'b8
Prescott.
Truth, in some age or other, will find her
witness.
Milton.
Archeological ages are designated as three:
The Stone age (the early and the later stone age,
called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze
age, and the Iron age. During the Age of
Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and
implements.
See Augustan, Brazen, Golden,
Heroic, Middle.
8. A great period in the history of the
Earth.
The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The
Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of
the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of
Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe
consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of
Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4.
The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the
Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary
age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles
prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary
age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or
quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The
Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern
era.
Dana.
9. A century; the period of one hundred
years.
Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages.
Hallam.
10. The people who live at a particular period;
hence, a generation. \'bdAges yet unborn.\'b8
Pope.
The way which the age follows.
J. H. Newman.
Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage,
Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age.
C. Sprague.
11. A long time. [Colloq.]
\'bdHe made minutes an age.\'b8
Tennyson.
Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a
tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given
place. -- Moon's age, the time that has
elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and
moon.
Age is used to form the first part of
many compounds; as, agelasting,
age-adorning, age-worn,
age-enfeebled, agelong.
Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.
Age, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Aged (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aging (#).] To grow aged; to
become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he
aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never
age for all that.
Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a
light-colored, hair here and there.
Landor.
Age, v. t. To cause to grow old; to
impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages
us.
A"ged (#), a. 1. Old;
having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual
time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged
man; an aged oak.
2. Belonging to old age. \'bdAged
cramps.\'b8
Shak.
3. (#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having
lived; as, a man aged forty years.
A"ged*ly, adv. In the manner of an aged
person.
A"ged*ness, n. The quality of being
aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error.
Milton.
Age"less (#), a. Without old
age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless
youth.
A*gen" (#), adv. & prep. See
Again. [Obs.]
A"gen*cy (#), n.; pl.
Agencies (#). [agentia,
fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F.
agence. See Agent.] 1.
The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of
being in action; action; instrumentality.
The superintendence and agency of Providence in the
natural world.
Woodward.
2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation
between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with
the concerns of another.
3. The place of business of am agent.
Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.
A"gend (#), n. See
Agendum. [Obs.]
\'d8A*gen"dum (#), n.; pl.
Agenda (#). [L., neut. of the
gerundive of agere to act.] 1.
Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum
book.
2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this
sense, usually Agenda.]
Ag`e*nes"ic (#), a. [See
Agensis.] (Physiol.) Characterized
by sterility; infecund.
\'d8A*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / birth.] (Physiol.) Any
imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of
organization.
\'d8Ag`en*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / an engendering.] (Physiol.)
Impotence; sterility.
A"gent (#), a. [L.
agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere
to act; akin to Gr. / to lead, Icel. aka to drive,
Skr. aj. /.] Acting/ -- opposed to
patient, or sustaining, action.
[Archaic] \'bdThe body agent.\'b8
Bacon.
A"gent, n. 1. One who exerts
power, or has the power to act; an actor.
Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill.
Dryden.
2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another,
by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of
another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.
3. An active power or cause; that which has the
power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or
medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful
agent.
A*gen"tial (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an agent or an agency.
Fitzed. Hall.
A"gent*ship (#), n.
Agency.
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8A*ger"a*tum (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a sort of plant; / priv. + / old age.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants, one species of which
(A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense
clusters.
Ag*gen`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggenerare to beget in addition. See
Generate.] The act of producing in
addition. [Obs.]
T. Stanley.
\'d8Ag"ger (#), n. [L., a
mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up;
ad + gerere to bear.] An earthwork; a
mound; a raised work. [Obs.]
Hearne.
Ag"ger*ate (#), v. t. [L.
aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Ag`ger*a"tion (#), n. [L.
aggeratio.] A heaping up; accumulation;
as, aggerations of sand.
[R.]
Ag`ger*ose" (#), a. In heaps;
full of heaps.
Ag*gest" (#), v. t. [L.
aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See
Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth.
Fuller.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglomerated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglomerating
(#).] [L. agglomeratus, p.
p. of agglomerare; ad + glomerare to form
into a ball. See Glomerate.] To wind or
collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything
like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile.
Cowper.
Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i. To collect in a
mass.
{ Ag*glom"er*ate (#),
Ag*glom"er*a`ted (#), } a.
1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.
2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head
of flowers.
Ag*glom"er*ate (#), n. 1.
A collection or mass.
2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic
fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from
conglomerate.
Ag*glom`er*a"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglom\'82ration.] 1. The act
or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
An excessive agglomeration of turrets.
Warton.
2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass;
cluster.
Ag*glom"er*a*tive (#), a.
Having a tendency to gather together, or to make
collections.
Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one
of his own words) agglomerative.
Coleridge.
Ag*glu"ti*nant (#), a. [L.
agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of
agglutinare.] Uniting, as glue; causing, or
tending to cause, adhesion. -- n.
Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to
adhere.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agglutinated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Agglutinating.] [L.
agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue
or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue;
gluten glue. See Glue.] To unite,
or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to
unite by causing an adhesion of substances.
Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), a. 1.
United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.
2. (physiol.) Consisting of root words
combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning;
as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See
Agglutination, 2.
Ag*glu`ti*na"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. agglutination.] 1. The act of
uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being
thus united; adhesion of parts.
2. (Physiol.) Combination in which root
words are united with little or no change of form or loss of
meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.
Ag*glu"ti*na*tive (#), a. [Cf.
F. agglutinatif.] 1. Pertaining to
agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause
adhesion; adhesive.
2. (Philol.) Formed or characterized by
agglutination, as a language or a compound.
In agglutinative languages the union of words may
be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to
chemical compounds.
R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind,
heir-loom, war-like,
which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish,
Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative
languages.
R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness
of their roots.
Max M\'81ller.
Ag*grace" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare,
LL. aggratiare. See Grace.] To
favor; to grace. [Obs.] \'bdThat knight so
much aggraced.\'b8
Spenser.
<-- p. 32 -->
Ag*grace" (#), n. Grace;
favor. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ag"gran*di"za*ble (#), a.
Capable of being aggrandized.
Ag*gran`di*za"tion (#), n.
Aggrandizement. [Obs.]
Waterhouse.
Ag"gran*dize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrandized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrandizing
(#).] [F. agrandir;
\'85 (L. ad) + grandir to
increase, L. grandire, fr. grandis great.
See Grand, and cf. Finish.] 1.
To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to
aggrandize our conceptions, authority,
distress.
2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor,
or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.
His scheme for aggrandizing his son.
Prescott.
3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt.
Lamb.
Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.
Ag"gran*dize, v. i. To increase or
become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize.
J. Hall.
Ag*gran"dize*ment (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. agrandissement.] The act of
aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in
power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as,
the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own
family.
Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement;
promotion; preferment.
Ag"gran*di`zer (#), n. One who
aggrandizes, or makes great.
Ag*grate" (#), v. t. [It.
aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a.] To please.
[Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate.
Spenser.
Ag"gra*vate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggravated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggravating.] [L.
aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See
Aggrieve.] 1. To make heavy or
heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] \'bdTo
aggravate thy store.\'b8
Shak.
2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less
tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance;
to intensify. \'bdTo aggravate my woes.\'b8
Pope.
To aggravate the horrors of the scene.
Prescott.
The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather
aggravate than extenuate his crime.
Addison.
3. To give coloring to in description; to
exaggerate; as, to aggravate
circumstances.
Paley.
4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate.
[Colloq.]
If both were to aggravate her parents, as my
brother and sister do mine.
Richardson (Clarissa).
Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify;
exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.
Ag"gra*va`ting (#), a. 1.
Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating
circumstances.
2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating.
[Colloq.]
A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating.
J. Ingelow.
Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv. In an
aggravating manner.
Ag`gra*va"tion (#), n. [LL.
aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]
1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used
of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or
heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and
enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.
2. Exaggerated representation.
By a little aggravation of the features changed it
into the Saracen's head.
Addison.
3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which
increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.
4. Provocation; irritation.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
Ag"gra*va*tive (#), a. Tending
to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly,
adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness,
n.
No aggressive movement was made.
Macaulay.
Ag*gres"sor (#), n. [L.: cf. F.
agresseur.] The person who first attacks or
makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an
assailant.
The insolence of the aggressor is usually
proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer.
Ames.
Ag*griev"ance (#), n. [OF.
agrevance, fr. agrever. See
Aggrieve.] Oppression; hardship; injury;
grievance. [Archaic]
Ag*grieve" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrieved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrieving
(#).] [OE. agreven, OF.
agrever; a (L. ad) +
grever to burden, injure, L. gravare to
weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See Grieve, and
cf. Aggravate.] To give pain or sorrow to; to
afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear
heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive TO be
aggrieved.
Aggrieved by oppression and extortion.
Macaulay.
Ag*grieve", v. i. To grieve; to
lament. [Obs.]
Ag*group" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aggrouped
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aggrouping.] [F. agrouper;
\'85 (L. ad) + groupe group. See
Group..] To bring together in a group; to
group.
Dryden.
Ag*group"ment (#), n.
Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.
\'d8Ag"gry, \'d8Ag"gri (#),
a. Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of
ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in
Ashantee and Fantee in Africa.
A*ghast" (#), v. t. See
Agast, v. t. [Obs.]
A*ghast" (#), a & p. p. [OE.
agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten
to terrify, fr. AS. pref. \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ g/stan to terrify, torment: cf. Goth.
usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to
the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick
fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.]
Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or
horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed,
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread.
Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast.
Macaulay.
Ag"i*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL.
agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.]
Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.]
\'bdFit for agible things.\'b8
Sir A. Sherley.
Ag"ile (#), a. [F.
agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to
move. See Agent.] Having the faculty of quick
motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active;
as, an agile boy; an agile
tongue.
Shaking it with agile hand.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.
Ag"ile*ly, adv. In an agile manner;
nimbly.
Ag"ile*ness, n. Agility;
nimbleness. [R.]
A*gil"i*ty (#), n. [F.
agili\'82, L. agilitas, fr.
agilis.] 1. The quality of being
agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily;
nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and
agility of body.
They . . . trust to the agility of their wit.
Bacon.
Wheeling with the agility of a hawk.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Activity; powerful agency.
[Obs.]
The agility of the sun's fiery heat.
Holland.
Ag"i*o (#), n.; pl.
Agios (#). [It. aggio
exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio
ease. See Ease.] (Com.) The premium or
percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange
for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of
exchange is sometimes called agio.
Ag"i*o*tage (#), n. [F.
agiotage, fr. agioter to practice
stockjobbing, fr. agio.] Exchange business;
also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or
lower the price of stocks or public funds.
Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen
and hydrogen of life.
Landor.
A*gist" (#), v. t. [OF.
agister; \'85 (L. ad) +
gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste
lodging, abode, F. g\'8cte, LL. gistum,
gista, fr. L. jacitum, p. p. of
jac/re to lie: cf. LL. agistare,
adgistare. See Gist.] (Law)
To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used
originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and
collecting the money for the same.
Blackstone.
Ag`is*ta"tor (#), n.
[LL.] See Agister.
{ A*gist"er, A*gist"or }
(#), n. [Anglo-Norman
agistour.] (Law) (a)
Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care
of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence
called gisttaker, which in England is
corrupted into guest-taker. (b)
Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a
certain rate; a pasturer.
Mozley & W.
A*gist"ment (#), n. [OF.
agistement. See Agist.]
(Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and
feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests.
(b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle
to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W.
(c) The price paid for such feeding.
(d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an
agistment of sea banks, i. e., charge for banks
or dikes.
Ag"i*ta*ble (#), a. [L.
agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.]
Capable of being agitated, or easily moved.
[R.]
Ag"i*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Agitated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating
(#).] [L. agitatus, p. p. of
agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to
move: cf. F. agiter. See Act,
Agent.] 1. To move with a violent,
irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to
agitate water in a vessel. \'bdWinds . . .
agitate the air.\'b8
Cowper.
2. To move or actuate. [R.]
Thomson.
3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb;
as, he was greatly agitated.
The mind of man is agitated by various
passions.
Johnson.
4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate;
as, a controversy hotly agitated.
Boyle.
5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its
aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as,
politicians agitate desperate designs.
Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract;
revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.
Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv. In an agitated
manner.
Ag`i*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]
1. The act of agitating, or the state of being
agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with
irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in
agitation.
2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of
tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical
excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one
agitation.
3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion,
appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation; labor
agitation. \'bdReligious
agitations.\'b8
Prescott.
4. Examination or consideration of a subject in
controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest
discussion; debate.
A logical agitation of the matter.
L'Estrange.
The project now in agitation.
Swift.
Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor;
perturbation. See Emotion.
Ag"i*ta*tive (#), a. Tending to
agitate.
\'d8A`gi*ta"to (#), a. [It.,
agitated.] (Med.) Sung or played in a
restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.
Ag"i*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]
1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites
others; as, political reformers and
agitators.
2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men
appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their
interests; -- called also adjutators.
Clarendon.
3. An implement for shaking or mixing.
A*gleam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gleam.] Gleaming; as,
faces agleam.
Lowell.
{ Ag"let (#), Aig"let
(#), } n. [F.
aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of
aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for
acicula, dim. of L. acus needle, pin/:
cf. OF. agleter to hook on. See Acute, and
cf. Aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a lace
or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They
were sometimes formed into small images. Hence,
\'bdaglet baby\'bd (Shak.), an
aglet image.
2. (Haberdashery) A round white
staylace.
Beck.
A*gley" (#), adv. Aside;
askew. [Scotch]
Burns.
A*glim"mer (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glimmer.] In a
glimmering state.
Hawthorne.
A*glit"ter (#), adv. & a.
[Pref. a- + glitter.]
Clittering; in a glitter.
A*glos"sal (#), a. [Gr.
/.] (Zo\'94l.) Without tongue;
tongueless.
A*glow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + glow.] In a glow; glowing;
as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all
aglow.
Ag`lu*ti"tion (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + L. glutire to swallow.]
(Med.) Inability to swallow.
Ag"mi*nal (#), a. [L.
agminalis; agmen, agminis, a
train.] Pertaining to an army marching, or to a
train. [R.]
{ Ag"mi*nate (#), Ag"mi*na`ted
(#), } a. [L. agmen,
agminis, a train, crowd.] (Physiol.)
Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of
Peyer in the small intestine.
Ag"nail (#), n. [AS.
angn\'91gl; ange vexation, trouble +
n\'91gel nail. Cf. Hangnail.]
1. A corn on the toe or foot.
[Obs.]
2. An inflammation or sore under or around the
nail; also, a hangnail.
Ag"nate (#), a. [L.
agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in
addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be
born. Cf. Adnate.] 1. Related or
akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male
ancestor.
2. Allied; akin. \'bdAgnate
words.\'b8
Pownall.
Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial
and agnate with the former.
Landor.
Ag"nate, n. [Cf. F.
agnat.] (Civil Law) A relative
whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.
Ag*nat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
agnatique.] Pertaining to descent by the
male line of ancestors. \'bdThe agnatic
succession.\'b8
Blackstone.
Ag*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]
1. (Civil Law) Consanguinity by a line
of males only, as distinguished from cognation.
Bouvier.
<-- p. 33 -->
Ag*ni"tion (#), n. [L.
agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See
Notion.] Acknowledgment.
[Obs.]
Grafton.
Ag*nize" (#), v. t. [Formed
like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.]
To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity.
Shak.
Ag`noi*ol"*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
ignorance + -logy.] (Metaph.)
The doctrine concerning those things of which we are
necessarily ignorant.
\'d8Ag*no"men (#), n. [L.;
ad + nomen name.] 1. An additional
or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable
exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio
Africanus.
2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a
name; as, Aristides the Just.
Ag*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To
name. [Obs.]
Ag*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L.
agnominatio. See Agnomen.] 1.
A surname. [R.]
Minsheu.
2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration;
annomination.
Ag*nos"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / knowing, / to know.] Professing
ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving
agnosticism. -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly
(#), adv.
Ag*nos"tic, n. One who professes
ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of
phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor
denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life,
etc.
Ag*nos"ti*cism (#), n. That
doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor
denies. Specifically: (Theol.) The
doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world,
etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the
necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon
Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the
evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a
positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer);
-- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic
theism.
\'d8Ag"nus (#), n.; pl. E.
Agnuses (#); L. Agni
(#). [L., a lamb.] Agnus
Dei.
\'d8Ag"nus cas"tus (#). [Gr. / a
willowlike tree, used at a religious festival; confused with /
holy, chaste.] (Bot.) A species of
Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste
tree.
Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore.
Dryden.
\'d8Ag"nus De"i (#). [L., lamb of
God.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A figure of
a lamb bearing a cross or flag. (b) A cake of
wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of
the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope. (c)
A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with
the words \'bdAgnus Dei.\'b8
A*go" (#), a. & adv. [OE.
ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go
away, pass by, AS. \'beg\'ben to pass away;
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-,
orig. meaning out) + g\'ben to go. See
Go.] Past; gone by; since; as, ten years
ago; gone long ago.
A*gog" (#), a. & adv. [Cf. F.
gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.] In
eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin.
Cowper.
A*go"ing (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + p. pr. of go.] In motion;
in the act of going; as, to set a mill
agoing.
\'d8Ag"on (#), n.; pl.
Agones (#). [Gr. /, fr. / to
lead.] (Gr. Antiq.) A contest for a prize
at the public games.
A*gone" (#), a. & adv.
Ago. [Archaic> & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick.
1 Sam. xxx. 13.
A"gone (#), n. [See
Agonic.] Agonic line.
A*gon"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
without angles; / priv. + / an angle.] Not forming
an angle.
Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary
line on the earth's surface passing through those places where
the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no
magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western
hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.
Ag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ to contend for a prize, fr. /. See Agon.]
Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.]
Blount.
Ag"o*nist (#), n. [Gr.
/.] One who contends for the prize in public
games. [R.]
{ Ag`o*nis"tic (#),
Ag`o*nis"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /. See Agonism.] Pertaining to
violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or
polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained;
unnatural.
As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his
power in agonistic displays.
De Quincey.
Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. In an agonistic
manner.
Ag`o*nis"tics (#), n. The
science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.
Ag"o*nize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agonized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing
(#).] [F. agoniser, LL.
agonizare, fr. Gr. /. See Agony.]
1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent
anguish.
To smart and agonize at every pore.
Pope.
2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive
desperately.
Ag"o*nize, v. t. To cause to suffer
agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior.
Thackeray.
Ag"o*ni`zing*ly (#), adv. With
extreme anguish or desperate struggles.
Ag"o*no*thete` (#), n. [Gr.
/; / + / to set. appoint.] [Antiq.]
An officer who presided over the great public games in
Greece.
Ag`o*no*thet"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.
Ag"o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Agonies (#). [L. agonia, Gr.
/, orig. a contest, fr. /: cf. F. agonie. See
Agon.] 1. Violent contest or
striving.
The world is convulsed by the agonies of great
nations.
Macaulay.
2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or
contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic
contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body;
anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of
Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.
Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly.
Luke xxii. 44.
3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.
With cries and agonies of wild delight.
Pope.
4. The last struggle of life; death struggle.
Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs;
suffering. -- Agony, Anguish,
Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of
body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain,
usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions.
Anguish denotes severe pressure, and, considered as
bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as anguish
of a wound), thus differing from agony. A
pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe
and transient. The agonies or pangs of
remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience. \'bdOh,
sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing
pride!\'b8
Dryden.
A-good(#), adv. [Pref.
a- + good.] In earnest;
heartily. [Obs.] \'bdI made her weep
agood.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Ag"o*ra (#), n. [Gr.
/.] An assembly; hence, the place of assembly,
especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.
\'d8A*gou"a*ra (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating raccoon
(Procyon cancrivorus), found in the tropical parts of
America.
\'d8A*gou"ta (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivorous
mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to the moles,
found only in Hayti.
{ A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty }
(#), n. [F. agouti,
acouti, Sp. aguti, fr. native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus
Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to
South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the
Dasyprocta agouti.
A*grace" (#), n. & v. See
Aggrace. [Obs.]
A*graffe" (#), n. [F.
agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF.
agrappe. See Agrappes.] 1.
A hook or clasp.
The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an
agraffe set with brilliants.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano
wire is so held as to limit the vibration.
A*gram"ma*tist (#), n. [Gr. /
illiterate; / priv. + / letters, fr. / to write.]
A illiterate person. [Obs.]
Bailey.
\'d8A*graph"i*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / to write.] The absence or loss of the
power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of
aphasia.
A*graph"ic (#), a.
Characterized by agraphia.
A*grappes" (#), n. pl. [OF.
agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe
(see Grape) fr. OHG. kr\'bepfo hook.]
Hooks and eyes for armor, etc.
Fairholt.
A*gra"ri*an (#), a. [L.
agrarius, fr. ager field.]
1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure;
esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands;
as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the
conquered and other public lands among citizens.
His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an
agrarian experiment.
Burke.
2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants
growing in the fields.
A*gra"ri*an, n. 1. One in favor
of an equal division of landed property.
2. An agrarian law. [R.]
An equal agrarian is perpetual law.
Harrington.
A*gra"ri*an*ism (#), n. An
equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or
acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.
A*gra"ri*an*ize (#), v. t. To
distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of
agrarianism.
{ A*gre", A*gree" } (#),
adv. [F. \'85 gr\'82. See
Agree.] In good part; kindly.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R.
A*gree" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Agreed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.]
[F. agr\'82er to accept or receive kindly, fr.
\'85 gr\'82; \'85 (L. ad) +
gr\'82 good will, consent, liking, fr. L.
gratus pleasing, agreeable. See
Grateful.] 1. To harmonize in
opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be
or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties
agree in the expediency of the law.
If music and sweet poetry agree.
Shak.
Their witness agreed not together.
Mark xiv. 56.
The more you agree together, the less hurt can your
enemies do you.
Sir T. Browne.
2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by
to; as, to agree to an offer, or to
opinion.
3. To make a stipulation by way of settling
differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come
to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.
Agree with thine adversary quickly.
Matt. v. 25.
Didst not thou agree with me for a penny ?
Matt. xx. 13.
4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to
correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the
original; the two scales agree exactly.
5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do
well; as, the same food does not agree with every
constitution.
6. (Gram.) To correspond in gender,
number, case, or person.
to be are often
employed with the participle agreed. \'bdThe jury
were agreed.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdCan two walk
together, except they be agreed ?\'b8 Amos iii.
3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived
from the transitive verb used reflexively. \'bdI agree
me well to your desire.\'b8
Ld. Berners.
Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede;
engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond;
harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.
A*gree" (#), v. t. 1.
To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to
settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to
agree differences. [Obs.]
A*gree`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [OF.
agreablete.] 1. Easiness of
disposition. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. The quality of being, or making one's self,
agreeable; agreeableness.
Thackeray.
A*gree"a*ble (#), a. [F.
agr\'82able.] 1. Pleasing, either
to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as,
agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable
person; fruit agreeable to the taste.
A train of agreeable reveries.
Goldsmith.
2. Willing; ready to agree or consent.
[Colloq.]
These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great
sum of money, so that he will be but content and
agreeable that they may enter into the said town.
Latimer.
3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable;
correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by to,
rarely by with.
That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing,
is many times contrary to the nature of another.
L'Estrange.
4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in
this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as,
agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the
report.
Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable;
amiable. See Pleasant.
A*gree"a*ble*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives
satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.
That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms
us.
Pope.
2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable;
suitableness or conformity; consistency.
The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human
nature.
Pearce.
3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with
to or between. [Obs.]
The agreeableness between man and the other parts
of the universe.
Grew.
A*gree"a*bly, adv. 1. In an
agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly.
\'bdAgreeably entertained.\'b8
Goldsmith.
2. In accordance; suitably; consistently;
conformably; -- followed by to and rarely by
with. See Agreeable, 4.
The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent,
agreeably to the maxim above laid down.
Paley.
3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]
Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably.
Spenser.
A*gree"ing*ly, adv. In an agreeing
manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably.
[Obs.]
A*gree"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
agr\'82ment.] 1. State of
agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character;
concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good
agreement subsists among the members of the
council.
What agreement hath the temple of God with idols
?
2 Cor. vi. 16.
Expansion and duration have this further
agreement.
Locke.
2. (Gram.) Concord or correspondence of
one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.
3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in
an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an
exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or
stipulation; a contract. (b) The language,
oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises.
Abbott. Brande & C.
Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.
A*gre"er (#), n. One who
agrees.
A*gres"tic (#), a. [L.
agrestis, fr. ager field.]
Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the
city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth.
\'bdAgrestic behavior.\'b8
Gregory.
A*gres"tic*al (#), a.
Agrestic. [Obs.]
A*gric`o*la"tion (#), n. [L.,
agricolatio.] Agriculture.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
A*gric"o*list (#), n. A
cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist.
Dodsley.
Ag"ri*cul`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
ager field + cultor cultivator.]
An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in,
tillage; as, the agricultural class;
agricultural implements, wages, etc. --
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly,
adv.
Agricultural ant (Zo\'94l.), a
species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for
food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found
in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its
favorite grain, known as ant rice.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n. An
agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)
Ag"ri*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
agricultura; ager field +
cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture.
See Acre and Culture.] The art or
science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of
crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage;
husbandry; farming.
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism (#), n.
Agriculture. [R.]
Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n. One engaged or
skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.
The farmer is always a practitioner, the
agriculturist may be a mere theorist.
Crabb.
A*grief" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + grief.] In grief;
amiss. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ag"ri*mo*ny (#), n. [OE.
agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L.
agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr.
/.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants
of the Rose family. (b) The name is also
given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony
(Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony
(Bidens).
Agrimonia eupatoria, or common
agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was
once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.
<-- p. 34 -->
A*grin" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grin.] In the act of
grinning. \'bdHis visage all agrin.\'b8
Tennyson.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed or engaged in agriology.
Ag`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
wild, savage + -logy.] Description or
comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized
tribes.
A*grise" (#), v. i. [AS.
\'begr\'c6san to dread; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning
out) + gr\'c6san, for gr/san
(only in comp.), akin to OHG. gr/is/n, G.
grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.]
To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*grise", v. t. 1. To shudder
at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. To terrify; to affright.
[Obs.]
His manly face that did his foes agrise.
Spenser.
\'d8A"grom (#), n. [Native
name.] (Med.) A disease occurring in Bengal
and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and
cleaves.
{ Ag`ro*nom"ic (#),
Ag`ro*nom"ic*al (#), } [Cf. F.
agronomique.] Pertaining to agronomy, of
the management of farms.
Ag`ro*nom"ics (#), n. The
science of the distribution and management of land.
A*gron"o*mist (#), n. One
versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.
A*gron"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /
rural; as a noun, an overseer of the public lands; / field +
/ usage, / to deal out, manage: cf. F.
agronomie.] The management of land; rural
economy; agriculture.
A*grope" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + grope.] In the act of
groping.
Mrs. Browning.
\'d8A*gros"tis (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] A genus of grasses, including species called
in common language bent grass. Some of them, as redtop
(Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable pasture
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*graph"ic (#),
A*gros`to*graph"ic*al (#), }
a. [Cf. F. agrostographique.]
Pertaining to agrostography.
Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -graphy.] A description of the
grasses.
{ A*gros`to*log"ic (#),
A*gros`to*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"o*gist (#), n. One
skilled in agrostology.
Ag`ros*tol"ogy (#), n. [Gr. /
+ -logy.] That part of botany which treats
of the grasses.
A*ground" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + ground.] On the ground;
stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom
lodges on the ground.
Totten.
A*group"ment (#), n. See
Aggroupment.
Ag`ryp*not"ic (#), n. [Gr. /
sleepless; / to chase, search for + / sleep: cf. F.
agrypnotique.] Anything which prevents
sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.
\'d8A`guar*di*en"te (#), n.
[Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water (L.
aqua water + ardens burning).]
1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.
2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially
pulque. [Mexico and Spanish America.]
A"gue (#), n. [OE.
agu, ague, OF. agu, F.
aigu, sharp, OF. fem. ague, LL. (febris)
acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus
sharp. See Acute.] 1. An acute
fever. [Obs.] \'bdBrenning
agues.\'b8
P. Plowman.
2. (Med.) An intermittent fever,
attended by alternate cold and hot fits.
3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever;
as, fever and ague.
4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with
cold.
Dryden.
Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen
produced by ague. -- Ague drop, a solution of
the arsenite of potassa used for ague. -- Ague
fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. --
Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague.
Gay. -- Ague tree, the sassafras,
-- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in
cases of ague. [Obs.]
A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Agued (#).] To strike
with an ague, or with a cold fit.
Heywood.
A*guilt" (#), v. t. To be
guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*guise" (#), n. Dress.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
A*guise", v. t. [Pref a- +
guise.] To dress; to attire; to
adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised.
Spenser.
A"gu*ish (#), a. 1.
Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering;
chilly; shaky.
Her aguish love now glows and burns.
Granville.
2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the
aguish districts of England.
T. Arnold.
A"gu*ish*ness, n.
A*gush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + gush.] In a gushing
state.
Hawthorne.
Ag"y*nous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / woman.] (Bot.) Without female
organs; male.
Ah (#), interj. [OE.
a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L.
ah, Gr. /, Sk. \'be, Icel. \'91, OHG.
\'be, Lith. \'a0,
\'a0\'a0.] An exclamation, expressive of
surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening,
delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of
utterance.
A*ha" (#), interj.
[Ah, interj. + ha.] An
exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed
with derision or irony, or simple surprise.
A*ha", n. A sunk fence. See
Ha-ha.
Mason.
A*head" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + head.] 1. In or to
the front; in advance; onward.
The island bore but a little ahead of us.
Fielding.
2. Headlong; without restraint.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
To go ahead. (a) To go in
advance. (b) To go on onward. (c)
To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] --
To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance
of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of.
[Colloq.]
A*heap" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + heap.] In a heap; huddled
together.
Hood.
A*height" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + height.] Aloft; on
high. [Obs.] \'bdLook up
aheight.\'b8
Shak.
A*hem" (#), interj. An
exclamation to call one's attention; hem.
A*hey" (#), interj. Hey;
ho.
A*high" (#), adv. On
high. [Obs.]
Shak.
A*hold" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hold.] Near the wind;
as, to lay a ship ahold.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A*horse"back (#), adv. On
horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback.
Smollet.
A*hoy" (#), interj. [OE. a,
interj. + hoy.] (Naut.) A term
used in hailing; as, \'bdShip ahoy.\'b8
\'d8Ah"ri*man (#), n.
[Per.] The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient
Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd,
the King of Light.
\'d8A"hu (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Asiatic
gazelle.
A*hull" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + hull.] (Naut.)
With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied
to ships in a storm. See Hull, n.
A*hun"gered (#), a. [Pref.
a- + hungered.] Pinched with
hunger; very hungry.
C. Bront\'82.
A"i (#), n.; pl. Ais
(#). [Braz. a\'8b,
ha\'8b, from the animal's cry: cf. F.
a\'8b.] (Zo\'94l.) The
three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South
America. See Sloth.
\'d8Ai"blins, A"blins (#),
adv. [See Able.] Perhaps;
possibly. [Scotch]
Burns.
Aich's met"al (#). A kind of gun metal,
containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.
Aid (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aided (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiding.] [F. aider,
OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq.
of adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.
Cf. Adjutant.] To support, either by
furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a
purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to
assist.
You speedy helpers . . .
Appear and aid me in this enterprise.
Shak.
Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve;
befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See Help.
Aid, n. [F. aide, OF.
a\'8bde, a\'8be, fr. the verb. See
Aid, v. t.] 1. Help;
succor; assistance; relief.
An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid.
Hallam.
2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in
something done; a helper; an assistant.
It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him
an aid like unto himself.
Tobit viii. 6.
3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the
king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.
4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid
by a vassal to his lord on special occasions.
Blackstone.
5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation;
as, a general's aid.
Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by
which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one
who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in
suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim
such assistance.
Aid"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF.
aidance.] Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy.
Shak.
Aid"ant (#), a. [Cf. F.
aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.]
Helping; helpful; supplying aid.
Shak.
Aid"-de-camp` (#), n.; pl.
Aids-de-camp. (#). [F. aide
de camp (literally) camp assistant.]
(Mil.) An officer selected by a general to carry
orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in
directing movements.
Aid"er (#), n. One who, or that
which, aids.
Aid"ful (#), a. Helpful.
[Archaic.]
Bp. Hall.
Aid"less, a. Helpless; without
aid.
Milton.
Aid"-ma`jor (#), n. The
adjutant of a regiment.
Ai"el (#), n. See
Ayle. [Obs.]
Aig"let (#), n. Same as
Aglet.
Ai"gre (#), a. [F. See
Eager.] Sour. [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8Ai"gre*more (#), n. [F.
origin unknown.] Charcoal prepared for making
powder.
{ Ai"gret (#), Ai*grette
(#), } n. [F., a sort of white
heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers;
dim. of the same word as heron. See Heron,
and cf. Egret, Egrette.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) The small white European heron. See
Egret.
2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of
feathers, or of gems, etc.
Prescott.
3. A tuft like that of the egret.
(Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as,
the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the
thistle.
\'d8Ai`guille" (#), n. [F., a
needle. See Aglet.] 1. A
needle-shaped peak.
2. An instrument for boring holes, used in
blasting.
Ai`guil*lette" (#), n. [F. See
Aglet.] 1. A point or tag at the end
of a fringe or lace; an aglet.
2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on
some military and naval uniforms.
Ai"gu*let (#), n. See
Aglet.
Spenser.
Ail (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Ailed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ailing.] [OE.
eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to
trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to distress,
agls troublesome, irksome, aglo,
aglitha, pain, and prob. to E. awe.
/.] To affect with pain or uneasiness, either
physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to
express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown;
as, what ails the man? I know not what ails
him.
What aileth thee, Hagar?
Gen. xxi. 17.
ails him; but, something
ails him.
Ail, v. i. To be affected with pain or
uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in
trouble.
When he ails ever so little . . . he is so
peevish.
Richardson.
Ail, n. Indisposition or morbid
affection.
Pope.
Ai*lan"thus (#), n. Same as
Ailantus.
Ai*lan"tus (#), n. [From
aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree
in the Moluccas.] (Bot.) A genus of
beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly
di/cious, and the staminate or male plant is very offensive
when blossom.
Ai*lette (#), n. [F.
ailette, dim. of aile wing, L.
ala.] A small square shield, formerly worn
on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern
epaulet.
Fairholt.
Ail"ment (#), n. Indisposition;
morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute
diseases. \'bdLittle ailments.\'b8
Landsdowne.
\'d8Ai`lu*roid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / cat + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, which
includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.
Aim (#), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Aimed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Aiming.] [OE. amen,
aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to
aim, OF. esmer, asmer, fr. L.
aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF.
aesmer; / (L. ad) + esmer. See
Estimate.] 1. To point or direct a
missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an
object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to
aim at a fox, or at a target.
2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt
the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; --
followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to
aim at distinction; to aim to do
well.
Aim'st thou at princes?
Pope.
3. To guess or conjecture.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Aim, v. t. To direct or point, as a
weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act,
or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to
aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow
(at something); to aim a satire or a reflection
(at some person or vice).
Aim, n. [Cf. OF. esme
estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v.
i.] 1. The pointing of a weapon, as a
gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the
object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of
anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a
particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect
it.
Each at the head leveled his deadly aim.
Milton.
2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended
to be attained or affected.
To be the aim of every dangerous shot.
Shak.
3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme.
How oft ambitious aims are crossed!
Pope.
4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.]
What you would work me to, I have some aim.
Shak.
To cry aim (Archery), to
encourage. [Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose;
intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.
Aim"er (#), n. One who aims,
directs, or points.
Aim"less, a. Without aim or purpose;
as, an aimless life. --
Aim"less*ly, adv. --
Aim"less*ness, n.
Ai"no (#), n. [Said to be the
native name for man.] One of a peculiar race
inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part
of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the
progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with
hairy bodies.
Ain't (#). A contraction for are
not and am not; also used for is not.
[Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See
An't.
Air (#), n. [OE.
air, eir, F. air, L.
a\'89r, fr. Gr. /, air, mist, for /, fr. root /
to blow, breathe, probably akin to E. wind. In sense
10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria
atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12,
13 the French meaning is either fr. L. aria, or due to
confusion with F. aire, in an older sense of origin,
descent. Cf. A/ry, Debonair,
Malaria, Wind.] 1. The
fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the
atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent,
compressible, elastic, and ponderable.
air was
regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is
essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount
of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume:
oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon
dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very
slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of
water.
2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or
volatile. \'bdCharm ache with air.\'b8
Shak.
He was still all air and fire. Macaulay.
[Air and fire being the finer and quicker
elements as opposed to earth and
water.]
3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as
respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the
sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air,
the morning air, etc.
4. Any a\'89riform body; a gas; as, oxygen was
formerly called vital air.
[Obs.]
5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle
wind.
Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play.
Pope.
6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.
7. That which surrounds and influences.
The keen, the wholesome air of poverty.
Wordsworth.
8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.
You gave it air before me.
Dryden.
9. Intelligence; information.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea,
or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive
single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole,
which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or
song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a
melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized
chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the
tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is
sometimes called the air.
11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a
person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a
heavy air; a lofty air. \'bdHis
very air.\'b8
Shak.
12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character;
semblance; manner; style.
It was communicated with the air of a secret.
Pope.
12. pl. An artificial or affected
manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said
of a person, he puts on airs.
Thackeray.
<-- p. 35 -->
14. (Paint.) (a) The
representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric
medium through which every object in nature is viewed.
New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude;
action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good
air.
Fairholt.
15. (Man.) The artificial motion or
carriage of a horse.
Air is much used adjectively or as the
first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written
indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first
element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as,
air bladder, air-bladder, or
airbladder; air cell, air-cell,
or aircell; air-pump, or
airpump.
Air balloon. See Balloon. --
Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the
application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for
drying substances in air of any desired temperature. --
Air castle. See Castle in the air, under
Castle. -- Air compressor, a machine
for compressing air to be used as a motive power. --
Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. --
Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be
inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by
confined air. -- Air fountain, a contrivance
for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air.
-- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a
natural draft and not on blast. -- Air line,
a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line,
adj.; as, air-line road. --
Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an
intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air
chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. --
Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole
in a ship to admit air. -- Air spring, a
spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. --
Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which
the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes
of temperature. -- Air threads,
gossamer. -- Air trap, a contrivance for
shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench
trap. -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for
conducting foul or heated air from a room. -- Air
valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of
air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and
allows air to enter. -- Air way, a passage
for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump;
an air way in a mine. -- In the air.
(a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority,
as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable
position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.)
Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as,
the army had its wing in the air. -- To take
air, to be divulged; to be made public. -- To
take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride
out.
Air (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Aired (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Airing.] [See Air,
n., and cf. A/rate.] 1.
To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing,
or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a
room.
It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were
aired.
Bacon.
Were you but riding forth to air yourself.
Shak.
2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to
display ostentatiously; as, to air one's
opinion.
Airing a snowy hand and signet gem.
Tennyson.
3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling
dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to
air liquors.
Air" bed` (#). A sack or matters inflated
with air, and used as a bed.
Air" blad`der (#). 1.
(Anat.) An air sac, sometimes double or variously
lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in
the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in
the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or
esophagus.
2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or
plant; also an air hole in a casting.
Air" brake` (#). (Mach.) A
railway brake operated by condensed air.
Knight.
Air"-built` (#), a. Erected in
the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an
air-built castle.
Air" cell` (#). 1. (Bot.)
A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air
only.
2. (Anat.) A receptacle of air in
various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the
walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a
dilatation of the air vessels in insects.
Air" cham`ber (#). 1. A chamber
or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.
2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for
equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic
machine.
Air" cock` (#). A faucet to allow escape
of air.
Air"-drawn" (#), a. Drawn in
air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger.
Shak.
Air" drill` (#). A drill driven by the
elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill.
Knight.
Air" engine` (#). An engine driven by
heated or by compressed air.
Knight.
Air"er (#), n. 1. One
who exposes to the air.
2. A frame on which clothes are aired or
dried.
Air" gas` (#). See under
Gas.
Air" gun` (#). A kind of gun in which the
elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The
air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the
gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated
by the trigger.
<-- airhead -->
Air" hole` (#). 1. A hole to
admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not
frozen over.
2. (Founding) A fault in a casting,
produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.
Air"i*ly (#), adv. In an airy
manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.
Air"i*ness, n. 1. The state or
quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; as,
the airiness of a country seat.
2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as,
the airiness of young persons.
Air"ing (#), n. 1. A
walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's
sake.
2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming,
drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a
room.
Air" jack`et (#). A jacket having
air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to
render persons buoyant in swimming.
Air"less (#), a. Not open to a
free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the
open air.
Air" lev`el (#). Spirit level. See
Level.
Air"like` (#), a. Resembling
air.
Air"ling (#), n. A thoughtless,
gay person. [Obs.] \'bdSlight
airlings.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Air*om"e*ter (#), n.
[Air + -meter.] A hollow
cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and
has its open end plunged into water.
Air" pipe` (#). A pipe for the passage of
air; esp. a ventilating pipe.
Air" plant` (#). (Bot.) A
plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an
a\'89rophyte.
(Tillandsia),
many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air
plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on
them, are epiphytes.
Air" poise` (#). [See
Poise.] A/ / measure the weight of
air.
Air" pump` (#). 1.
(Physics) A kind of pump for exhausting air from
a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force
in into a closed space.
2. (Steam Engines) A pump used to
exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for
condensing, and any commingled air.
Air" sac` (#). (Anat.) One of
the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are
filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs;
an air cell.
Air" shaft` (#). A passage, usually
vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.
Air"-slacked` (#), a. Slacked,
or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as,
air-slacked lime.
Air" stove` (#). A stove for heating a
current of air which is directed against its surface by means of
pipes, and then distributed through a building.
Air"-tight` (#), a. So tight as
to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight
cylinder.
Air"-tight`, n. A stove the draft of
which can be almost entirely shut off. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Air" ves`sel (#). A vessel, cell, duct,
or tube containing or conducting air; as the air
vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air
vessel of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air
chamber. The air vessels of insects are called
trache\'91, of plants spiral vessels.
{ Air"ward (#), Air"wards
(#), } adv. Toward the air;
upward. [R.]
Keats.
Air"y (#), a. 1.
Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the
airy parts of bodies.
2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air;
a\'89rial; as, an airy flight. \'bdThe
airy region.\'b8
Milton.
3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the
air; breezy; as, an airy situation.
4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not
material; airlike. \'bdAn airy spirit.\'b8
Shak.
5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate;
graceful; as, airy music.
6. Without reality; having no solid foundation;
empty; trifling; visionary. \'bdAiry fame.\'b8
Shak.
Empty sound, and airy notions.
Roscommon.
7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant;
superficial. \'bdMerry and airy.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of
putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.]
9. (Paint.) Having the light and
a\'89rial tints true to nature.
Elmes.
Aisle (#), n. [OF.
ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L.
ala, contr. fr. axilla.]
(Arch.) (a) A lateral division of a
building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a
row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall
containing windows, called the clearstory wall.
(b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the
phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle
aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from
confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews
of a church open.
Aisled (#), a. Furnished with
an aisle or aisles.
Ais"less (#), a. Without an
aisle.
Ait (#), n. [AS. /, /,
perh. dim. of \'c6eg, \'c6g, island. See
Eyot.] An islet, or little isle, in a river
or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew.
R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows.
Dickens.
Ait (#), n. Oat.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Aitch (#), n. The letter
h or H.
Aitch"bone` (#), n. [For
nachebone. For loss of n, cf.
Adder. See Natch.] The bone of the
rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone.
[Spelt also edgebone.]
Ai`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. See
\'92tiology.
A*jar" (#), adv. [OE. on
char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr,
cyrr, turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and
to D. akerre. See Char.] Slightly
turned or opened; as, the door was standing
ajar.
A*jar" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jar.] In a state of
discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the
world.
A*jog" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + jog.] On the jog.
Aj"u*tage (#), n. [F.
ajutage, for ajoutage, fr.
ajouter to add, LL. adjuxtare, fr. L.
ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage,
Adjustage, Adjust.] A tube through
which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the
ajutage of a fountain.
Ake (#), n. & v. See
Ache.
A*kene" (#), n. (Bot.)
Same as Achene.
Ak"e*ton (#), n. [Obs.]
See Acton.
A*kim"bo (#), a. [Etymology
unknown. Cf. Kimbo.] With a crook or bend;
with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. \'bdWith
one arm akimbo.\'b8
Irving.
A*kin" (#), a. [Pref.
a- (for of) + kin.]
1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of
persons; as, the two families are near
akin.
2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same
properties; of the same kind. \'bdA joy akin to
rapture.\'b8
Cowper.
The literary character of the work is akin to its
moral character.
Jeffrey.
\'d8Ak`i*ne"si*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ quiescence; / priv. + / motion.] (Med.)
Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement.
Foster.
Ak`i*ne"sic (#), a.
(med.) Pertaining to akinesia.
A*knee" (#), adv. On the
knee. [R.]
Southey.
Ak*now" (#). Earlier form of
Acknow. [Obs.]
To be aknow, to acknowledge; to confess.
[Obs.]
Al (#), a. All.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al-. A prefix. (a) [AS.
eal.] All; wholly; completely; as,
almighty,almost. (b)
[L. ad.] To; at; on; -- in OF.
shortened to a-. See Ad-. (c)
The Arabic definite article answering to the English
the; as, Alkoran, the Koran or
the Book; alchemy, the
chemistry.
Al. conj. Although; if.
[Obs.] See All, conj.
\'d8A"la (#), n.; pl.
Al\'91 (#). [L., a wing.]
(Biol.) A winglike organ, or part.
Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od (#). (Geol.)
A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary
age except the lignitic.
Al"a*bas"ter (#), n. [L.
alabaster, Gr. /, said to be derived fr.
Alabastron, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it
was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F.
alb\'83tre.] 1. (Min.)
(a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or
gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but
sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel
ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety
of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades
of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It
is sometimes distinguished as oriental
alabaster.
2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous
ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was
originally made.
Fosbroke.
Al`a*bas"tri*an (#), a.
Alabastrine.
Al`a*bas"trine (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine
limbs.
\'d8Al`a*bas"trum (#), n.; pl.
Alabastra (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) A flower bud.
Gray.
A*lack" (#), interj. [Prob.
from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure,
misfortune. See Lack.] An exclamation
expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.]
Shak.
A*lack"a*day` (#), interj. [For
alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.] An
exclamation expressing sorrow.
alack the day\'b8 and
\'bdalack the heavy day.\'b8 Compare \'bdwoe worth the
day.\'b8
A*lac"ri*fy (#), v. t. [L.
alacer, alacris, lively +
-fly.] To rouse to action; to
inspirit.
A*lac"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
alacer, alacris.] Brisk;
joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more
alacrious.
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv. With alacrity;
briskly.
A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n. Alacrity.
[Obs.]
Hammond.
A*lac"ri*ty (#), n. [L.
alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob.
akin to Gr. / to drive, Goth. aljan zeal.]
A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous
activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced
with alacrity to meet the enemy.
I have not that alacrity of spirit,
Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have.
Shak.
A*lad"in*ist (#), n. [From
Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e.,
height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and
Bajazet II.] One of a sect of freethinkers among the
Mohammedans.
Al`a*lon"ga (#), or
Al`i*lon"ghi (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The tunny. See
Albicore.
\'d8A`la*mi"re (#), n.
[Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the
musical scale.] The lowest note but one in Guido
Aretino's scale of music.
Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being \'85 la mode; conformity to the mode
or fashion; fashionableness. [R.]
Southey.
Al"a*mode` (#), adv. & a. [F.
\'85 la mode after the fashion.] According
to the fashion or prevailing mode. \'bdAlamode
beef shops.\'b8
Macaulay.
Al"a*mode`, n. A thin, black silk for
hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply
mode.
Buchanan.
Al`a*mort" (#), a. [F.
\'85 la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.]
To the death; mortally.
A*lan" (#), n. [OF.
alan, alant; cf. Sp.
alano.] A wolfhound.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*land" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + land.] On land; to the
land; ashore. \'bdCast aland.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Al"a*nine (#), n.
[Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The
-n- is a euphonic insertion.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived
from aldehyde ammonia.<-- one of the amino acids found in
the protein of most living tissues -->
A*lan"tin (#), n. [G.
alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of
Linn\'91us.] (Chem.) See
Inulin.
A"lar (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F.
alaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or
having, wings.
2. (Bot.) Axillary; in the fork or
axil.
Gray.
<-- p. 36 -->
A*larm" (#), n. [F.
alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L.
arma, pl., arms. See Arms, and cf.
Alarum.] 1. A summons to arms, as on
the approach of an enemy.
Arming to answer in a night alarm.
Shak.
2. Any sound or information intended to give notice
of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a
warning of danger.
Sound an alarm in my holy mountain.
Joel ii. 1.
3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil.
[R.] \'bdThese home alarms.\'b8
Shak.
Thy palace fill with insults and alarms.
Pope.
4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by
apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden
apprehension of being attacked by surprise.
Alarm and resentment spread throughout the
camp.
Macaulay.
5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons
from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum.
Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on
danger. -- Alarm clock or
watch, a clock or watch which can be so set
as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from
sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a
contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the
pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too
low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops
are to repair in case of an alarm.
Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension;
consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude.
-- Alarm, Fright, Terror,
Consternation. These words express different degrees of
fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear
suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it
is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of
feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme
exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear,
which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is
overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and
amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings;
terror disorders the understanding and affects the
will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense;
consternation takes possession of the soul, and
subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.
A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alarmed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alarming.] [Alarm,
n. Cf. F. alarmer.] 1. To call to
arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching
danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the
alert.
2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.
3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill
with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden
fear.
Alarmed by rumors of military preparation.
Macaulay.
A*larm"a*ble (#), a. Easily
alarmed or disturbed.
A*larmed" (#), a. Aroused to
vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated;
disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an
alarmed modesty.
The white pavilions rose and fell
On the alarmed air.
Longfellow.
A*larm"ed*ly (#), adv. In an
alarmed manner.
A*larm"ing, a. Exciting, or calculated
to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an
alarming crisis or report. -- A*larm"ing*ly,
adv.
A*larm"ist, n. [Cf. F.
alarmiste.] One prone to sound or excite
alarms, especially, needless alarms.
Macaulay.
A*lar"um (?; 277), n. [OE.
alarom, the same word as alarm, n.]
See Alarm. [Now Poetic]
alarum is now commonly
restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm
(as in an alarm clock.)
Al"a*ry (#), a. [L.
alarius, fr. ala wing.] Of or
pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects.
Wollaston.
A*las" (#), interj. [OE.
alas, allas, OF. alas, F.
h\'82las; a interj. (L. ah.) +
las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary,
akin to E. late. See Late.] An
exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil;
-- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or
white; alas the day, like alack a
day, or alas the white.
A*late" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + late.] Lately; of
late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad.
Latimer.
{ A"late (#), A"la*ted
(#), } a. [L. alatus,
from ala wing.] Winged; having wings, or
side appendages like wings.
{ Al"a*tern (#), \'d8Al`a*ter"nus
(#), } n. [L. ala wing
+ terni three each.] (Bot.) An
ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus)
belonging to the buckthorns.
A*la"tion (#), n. [F., fr. L.
alatus winged.] The state of being
winged.
A*launt" (#), n. See
Alan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Alb (#), n. [OE.
albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus
white. Cf. Album and Aube.] A
vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the
person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy
orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least
by clerics, in daily life.
Al"ba*core (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Albicore.
Al"ban (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Chem.) A white
crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the
action of alcohol or ether.
Al*ba"ni*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. --
n. A native of Albania.
\'d8Al*ba"ta (#), n. [L.
albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr.
albus white.] A white metallic alloy; which
is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. British plate or
German silver. See German silver, under
German.
Al"ba*tross (#), n. [Corrupt.
fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant, albatross, or Sp.
alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp.
arcaduz, a bucket, fr. Ar. al-q\'bedus the
bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water vessel. So an Arabic
term for pelican is water-carrier, as a
bird carrying water in its pouch.] (Zo\'94l.)
A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of
which there are several species. They are the largest of sea
birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at
great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the
southern hemisphere.
{ Al`be", Al`bee" } (#),
conj. [See Albeit.] Although;
albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess.
Spenser.
\'d8Al*be"do (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] Whiteness. Specifically:
(Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an
unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that
surface.
Al`be"it (#), conj. [OE.
al be although it be, where al is our
all. Cf. Although.] Even though;
although; notwithstanding.
Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth.
Tennyson.
Al"bert*ite (#), n.
(Min.) A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum,
found in the county of A. /bert, New Brunswick.
Al"ber*type (#), n. [From the
name of the inventor, Albert, of Munich.] A
picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means
of a photographic negative.
Al*bes"cence (#), n. The act of
becoming white; whitishness.
Al*bes"cent (#), a. [L.
albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow
white, fr. albus white.] Becoming white or
whitish; moderately white.
Al"bi*cant (#), a. [L.
albicans, p. pr. of albicare,
albicatum, to be white, fr. albus
white.] Growing or becoming white.
Al`bi*ca"tion (#), n. The
process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or
streaks.
Al"bi*core (#), n. [F.
albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg.
albacor, albacora, albecora),
fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young
cow, heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg.
bacoro a little pig.] (Zo\'94l.)
A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel
family, esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species
(Orcynus thynnus), common in the Mediterranean and
Atlantic, is called in New England the horse
mackerel; the tunny. [Written also
albacore.]
Al`bi*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. albification: L. albus white +
ficare (only in comp.), facere, to
make.] The act or process of making white.
[Obs.]
{ Al`bi*gen"ses (#), \'d8
Al`bi`geois" (#), } n. pl.
[From Albi and Albigeois, a town and
its district in the south of France, in which the sect
abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of
reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th
centuries.
The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists
(the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the
Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.
Al`bi*gen"sian (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Albigenses.
Al*bi"ness (#), n. A female
albino.
Holmes.
Al"bi*nism (#), n. The state or
condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.
Al`bi*nis"tic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al*bi"no (?; 277), n.; pl.
Albinos (#). [Sp. or Pg.
albino, orig. whitish, fr. albo white, L.
albus.] A person, whether negro, Indian, or
white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which
gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a
morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of
the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue
iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice,
elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the
absence of chlorophyll.
Amer. Cyc.
Al*bi"no*ism (#), n. The state
or condition of being an albino; albinism.
Al`bi*not"ic (#), a. Affected
with albinism.
Al"bi*on (#), n. [Prob. from
the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. \'bdIt
may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs
visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name
of Scotland, means probably the \'bdhilly land.\'b8 I.
Taylor.] An ancient name of England, still
retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion.
Shak.
Al"bite (#), n. [L.
albus white.] (Min.) A mineral
of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in
composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common
constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See
Feldspar.
Al"bo*lith (#), n. [L.
albus white + -lith.] A kind of
plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of
magnesia and silica; -- called also
albolite.
\'d8Al"bo*rak (?; 277), n. [Ar.
al-bur\'beq, fr. baraqa to
flash, shine.] The imaginary milk-white animal on
which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a
white mule.
Al`bu*gin"e*ous (#), a. [See
Albugo.] Of the nature of, or resembling, the
white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to
textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.
\'d8Al*bu"go (#), n.; pl.
Albugines (#). [L., whiteness, fr.
albus white.] (Med.) Same as
Leucoma.
Al"bum (#), n. [L., neut. of
albus white: cf. F. album. Cf.
Alb.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A
white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names,
etc.
2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors'
book.
3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs
sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.
Al*bu"men (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] 1. The white of an
egg.
2. (Bot.) Nourishing matter stored up
within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not
incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat,
and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in
the cocoanut, etc.
3. (Chem.) Same as
Albumin.
Al*bu"men*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Albumenized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Albumenizing.] To cover or saturate
with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution;
as, to albuminize paper.
\'d8Al"bum Gr\'91"cum (#). [L., Greek
white.] Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by
exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly
used in medicine.
Al*bu"min (#), n. (Chem.)
A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief
and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum
of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and
solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated
by heat ad by certain chemical reagents.
Acid albumin, a modification of albumin
produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by
heat. -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified
by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also
albuminate.
Al*bu"mi*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by the action of an
alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties;
also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another
substance.
Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
albumen + -ferous.] Supplying
albumen.
Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter (#), n. [L.
albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F.
albuminim\'8atre.] An instrument for
ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.
Al*bu"mi*nin (#), n.
(Chem.) The substance of the cells which inclose
the white of birds' eggs.
Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
albumen + parere to bear, bring forth.]
Producing albumin.
Al*bu"mi*noid (#), a. [L.
albumen + -oid.] (Chem.)
Resembling albumin. -- n. One
of a class of organic principles (called also
proteids) which form the main part of
organized tissues.<-- = protein. -->
Brunton.
Al*bu`mi*noid"al (#), a.
(Chem.) Of the nature of an albuminoid.
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), n.
(Chem.) A diffusible substance formed from
albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See
Peptone.
<-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now
expressed as "proteinaceous" -->
{ Al*bu"mi*nous (#),
Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), } a.
[Cf. F. albumineux.] Pertaining to, or
containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling,
albumen or albumin. --
Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.
\'d8Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr. / urine.]
(Med.) A morbid condition in which albumin is
present in the urine.
Al"bu*mose` (#), n. [From
albumin.] (Chem.) A compound or
class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an
acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as
antialbumose, hemialbumose.
Al"burn (#), n. [L.
alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf.
Auburn.] (Zo\'94l.) The bleak, a
small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color
which are used in making artificial pearls.
Al*bur"nous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as,
alburnous substances.
Al*bur"num (#), n. [L., fr.
albus white.] (Bot.) The white
and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood
or duramen; sapwood.
Al"byn (#), n. [See
Albion.] Scotland; esp. the Highlands of
Scotland.
T. Cambell.
Al*cade" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
Al"ca*hest (#), n. Same as
Alkahest.
Al*ca"ic (#), a. [L.
Alca\'8bcus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to
Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b. c. --
n. A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One
variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a
long syllable, and two dactyls.
\'d8Al*caid", Al*cayde"
(#), n. [Sp. alcaide,
fr. Ar. al-q\'be\'c6d governor, fr.
q\'beda to lead, govern.] 1. A
commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards,
Portuguese, and Moors.
2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.
\'d8Al*cal"de (#), n. [Sp.
alcalde, fr. Ar. al-q\'bed\'c6
judge, fr. qada to decide, judge. Hence, the
cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.] A
magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc.
Prescott.
Alcaid.
Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n. See
Alkalimeter.
\'d8Al*can"na (#), n. [Sp.
alcana, alhe/a, fr. Ar.
al-hinn\'be. See Henna, and cf.
Alkanet.] (Bot.) An oriental shrub
(Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is obtained.
\'d8Al`car*ra"za (#), n.; pl.
Alcarrazas. (#) [Sp., from Ar.
al-kurr\'bez earthen vessel.] A
vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by
evaporation from the exterior surface.
<-- p. 37 -->
\'d8Al*cayde" (#), n. Same as
Alcaid.
\'d8Al*ca"zar (#), n. [ fr. Ar.
al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.]
A fortress; also, a royal palace.
Prescott.
\'d8Al*ce"do (#), n. [L.,
equiv. to Gr. /. See Halcyon.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of perching birds, including
the European kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). See
Halcyon.
{ Al*chem"ic (#), Al*chem"ic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
alchimique.] Of or relating to
alchemy.
Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of
alchemy.
Al"che*mist (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alquemiste, F. alchimiste.] One
who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold.
Shak.
{ Al`che*mis"tic (#),
Al`che*mis"tic*al (#), } a.
Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators.
Burke.
Al"che*mis*try (#), n.
Alchemy. [Obs.]
Al"che*mize (#), v. t. To
change by alchemy; to transmute.
Lovelace.
Al"che*my (#), n. [OF.
alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie,
Ar. al-k\'c6m\'c6a, fr. late Gr. /, for /, a
mingling, infusion, / juice, liquid, especially as extracted
from plants, fr. / to pour; for chemistry was originally the
art of extracting the juices from plants for medicinal purposes.
Cf. Sp. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. / is
prob. akin to L. fundere to pour, Goth.
guitan, AS. ge\'a2tan, to pour, and so to
E. fuse. See Fuse, and cf.
Chemistry.] 1. An imaginary art
which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the
panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to
modern chemistry.
2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly
used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet.
[Obs.]
Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy.
Milton.
3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common
into something precious.
Kissing with golden face the meadows green,
Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy.
Shak.
Al*chym"ic (#), a.,
Al"chy*mist (#), n.,
Al`chy*mis"tic (#), a.,
Al"chy*my (#), n. See
Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic,
Alchemy.
\'d8Al"co (#), n. A small South
American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.
{ Al"co*ate (#), Al"co*hate
(#), } n. Shortened forms of
Alcoholate.
Al"co*hol (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp.
alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp.
alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a
powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The
name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this
powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in
Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf.
Alquifou.] 1. An impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by
distillation. [Obs.]
Boyle.
3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified
spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the
spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled
liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable
quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various
vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have
undergone vinous fermentation.
alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl
alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol
(proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol
and 54.5 per cent of water.
4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds
analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking,
they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the
radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol
(C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl
alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood
spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol
(C5H11.OH) or fusel oil,
etc.
Al"co*hol*ate (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcolaie.] (Chem.) A
crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the
latter plays a part analogous to that of water of
crystallization.
Graham.
Al`co*hol"a*ture (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcoolature.] (Med.) An
alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants.
New Eng. Dict.
Al`co*hol"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcolique.] Of or pertaining to alcohol, or
partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol;
containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures;
alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.
Al`co*hol"ic, n. 1. A person
given to the use of alcoholic liquors.
2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.
Al"co*hol*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcoolisme.] (Med.) A diseased
condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of
alcoholic liquors.
Al`co*hol`i*za"tion (#), n.
[Cf. F. alcoolisation.] 1.
The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable
powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. The act rectifying spirit.
3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal
system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.
Al"co*hol*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alcoholized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alcoholizing.] [Cf. F.
alcooliser.] 1. To reduce to a
fine powder. [Obs.]
Johnson.
2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to
saturate with alcohol.
{ Al`co*hol*om"e*ter (#),
Al`co*hol"me*ter (#), } n.
[Alcohol + -meter.]
(Chem.) An instrument for determining the
strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the
percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is
usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric (#),
Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al (#),
Al`co*hol*met"ric*al (#), a.
Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous
liquors.
Ure.
Al`co*hol"om"e*try (#), n. The
process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol
which spirituous liquors contain.
Al`co*hom"e*ter (#), n.,
Al`co*ho*met"ric, a. Same as
Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.
Al`co*\'94m"e*try (#), n.
See Alcoholometry.
alcom\'8atre,
alcoom\'8atrie, doubtless by the suppression of a
syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds.
(Cf. Idolatry.)
Littr\'82.
Al"co*ran (?; 277), n.
[ets>alcoran, fr. Ar.
al-qor\'ben, orig. the reading, the book,
fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.] The
Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form).
[Spelt also Alcoran.]
Al`co*ran"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Koran.
Al`co*ran"ist, n. One who adheres to the
letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.
Al"cove (?; 277), n. [F.
alc\'93ve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar.
al-quobbah arch, vault, tent.]
1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room,
or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess
to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.
2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an
arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower.
Cowper.
3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or
recess in an apartment.
The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove.
Falconer.
Al"cy*on (#), n. See
Halcyon.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ce*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the
type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o*na"ri*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of
Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and
Gorgonacea.
\'d8Al*cy"o*nes (#), n. pl.
[L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zo\'94l.)
The kingfishers.
Al`cy*on"ic (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Alcyonaria.
\'d8Al`cy*o"ni*um (#), n. [Gr.
/ a zo\'94phyte, so called from being like the halcyon's
nest.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fleshy
Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight
fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species
of sponges.
Al"cy*o*noid (#), a. [Gr. / +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the Alcyonaria. -- n.
A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.
Al"day (#), adv.
Continually. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*deb"a*ran (#), n. [Ar.
al-debar\'ben, fr. dabar to follow; so
called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.]
(Astron.) A red star of the first magnitude,
situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright
star in the group called the Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high
Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair.
Spenser.
Al"de*hyde (#), n. [Abbrev. fr.
alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of
its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile,
and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of
oxidation.
aldehydes are intermediate between
the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having
two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common
aldehyde (called also acetic
aldehyde or ethyl aldehyde),
C2H4O; methyl aldehyde,
CH2O.
Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a
compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.
Al`de*hy"dic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as,
aldehydic acid.
Miller.
Al"der (#), n. [OE.
aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr,
aler, alor, akin to D. els, G.
erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed.
al, Dan. elle, el, L.
alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.)
A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the
genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the
bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are
usually shrubs or small trees.
Black alder. (a) A European shrub
(Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b)
An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata),
bearing red berries.
{ Al"der (#), Al"ler
(#), } a. [From ealra,
alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d
is excrescent.] Of all; -- used in composition;
as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest,
wisest of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al`der-lief"est (#), a. [For
allerliefest dearest of all. See Lief.]
Most beloved. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al"der*man (#), n.; pl.
Aldplwmen (#). [AS.
aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an
elder + man. See Elder, n.]
1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or
dignity. [Obs.]
Alderman of all England; and there were
aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had
jurisdiction within their respective districts.
3. One of a board or body of municipal officers
next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function.
They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial
and administrative functions.
Al"der*man*cy (#), n. The
office of an alderman.
Al"der*man"ic (#), a. Relating
to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an
alderman.
Al`der*man"i*ty (#), n. 1.
Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.
2. The state of being an alderman.
[Jocular]
Al`der*man*like` (#), a. Like
or suited to an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman.
Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or
like, an alderman. \'bdAn aldermanly
discretion.\'b8
Swift.
Al"der*man*ry (#), n. 1.
The district or ward of an alderman.
2. The office or rank of an alderman.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
Al"der*man*ship, n. The condition,
position, or office of an alderman.
Fabyan.
Al"dern (#), a. Made of
alder.
Al"der*ney (#), n. One of a
breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.
Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called
Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.
Al"dine (?; 277), a.
(Bibliog.) An epithet applied to editions
(chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of
Aldus Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the
most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor
and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain
elegant editions of English works.
Ale (#), n. [AS.
ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. \'94l,
Lith. alus a kind of beer, OSlav. ol/
beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.] 1.
An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by
fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops.
ale, in England and the United
States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor,
and the word beer a lighter kind. The word
beer is also in common use as the generic name for all
malt liquors.
2. A festival in English country places, so called
from the liquor drunk. \'bdAt wakes and
ales.\'b8 B. Jonson.\'bdOn ember eves and
holy ales.\'b8 Shak.
A*leak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + leak.] In a leaking
condition.
A"le*a*to*ry (#), a. [L.
aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.]
(Law) Depending on some uncertain contingency;
as, an aleatory contract.
Bouvier.
Ale"bench` (#), n. A bench in
or before an alehouse.
Bunyan.
Ale"ber`ry (#), n. [OE.
alebery, alebrey; ale + bre
broth, fr. AS. br\'c6w pottage.] A
beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and
sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets.
Beau. & Fl.
A*lec"i*thal (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / yelk.] (Biol.) Applied to those
ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food
yelk embedded in their protoplasm.
Balfour.
Ale"con`ner (#), n.
[/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to
test, AS. cunnian to test. See Con.]
Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale
and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of
London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the
office is a sinecure. [Also called aletaster.]
[Eng.]
Ale"cost` (#), n.
[Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant:
cf. Costmary.] (Bot.) The plant
costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.
\'d8Al`ec*tor"i*des (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a cock.] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of birds including the common fowl and the
pheasants.
A*lec`to*rom"a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + / fight.] Cockfighting.
A*lec"to*ro*man`cy (#), n. See
Alectryomancy.
A*lec`try*om'a*chy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + / fight.] Cockfighting.
A*lec"try*o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ cock + -mancy.] Divination by means of
a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet,
the letters being put together in the order in which the grains
were eaten.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lee" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + lee.] (Naut.) On
or toward the lee, or the side away from the wind; the opposite
of aweather. The helm of a ship is alee
when pressed close to the lee side.
Hard alee, or Luff alee,
an order to put the helm to the lee side.
Al"e*gar (#), n.
[Ale + eager sour, F.
aigre. Cf. Vinegar.] Sour ale;
vinegar made of ale.
Cecil.
Al"e*ger (#), a. [F.
all\'8agre, earlier al\'8agre, fr. L.
alacer.] Gay; cheerful; sprightly.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
A*legge" (#), v. t. [OE.
aleggen, alegen, OF. alegier, F.
all\'82ger, fr. LL. alleviare, for L.
allevare to lighten; ad + levis light. Cf.
Alleviate, Allay, Allege.]
To allay or alleviate; to lighten. [Obs.]
That shall alegge this bitter blast.
Spenser.
Ale"hoof` (#), n. [AS.
h/fe ground ivy; the first part is perh. a
corruption: cf. OE. heyhowe hedgehove, <-- p. 38 -->
ground ivy, \'bdin old MSS. heyhowe,
heyoue, haihoue, halehoue.\'b8
[Prior]. Ground ivy (Nepeta
Glechoma).
Ale"house` (#), n. A house
where ale is retailed; hence, a tippling house.
Macaulay.
Ale"-knight` (#), n. A pot
companion. [Obs.]
Al`e*man"nic (#), a. Belonging
to the Alemanni, a confederacy of warlike German tribes.
Al`e*man"nic, n. The language of the
Alemanni.
The Swabian dialect . . . is known as the
Alemannic.
Amer. Cyc.
A*lem"bic (#), n. [F.
alambic (cf. Sp. alambique), Ar.
al-anb\'c6q, fr. Gr. / cup, cap of a
still. The cap or head was the alembic proper. Cf.
Limbec.] An apparatus formerly used in
distillation, usually made of glass or metal. It has mostly given
place to the retort and worm still.
Used also metaphorically.
The alembic of a great poet's imagination.
Brimley.
A*lem"broth (#), n. [Origin
uncertain.] The salt of wisdom of the
alchemists, a double salt composed of the chlorides of ammonium
and mercury. It was formerly used as a stimulant.
Brande & C.
A`len`con" lace" (#). See under
Lace.
A*length" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + length.] At full length;
lenghtwise.
Chaucer.
A*lep"i*dote, a. [Gr. / priv. + /,
/, a scale.] (Zo\'94l.) Not having
scales. -- n. A fish without
scales.
Ale"pole` (#), n. A pole set up
as the sign of an alehouse. [Obs.]
A*lert" (#), a. [F.
alerte, earlier \'85 l'erte on the watch,
fr. It. all' erta on the watch, prop. (standing) on a
height, where one can look around; erta a declivity,
steep, erto steep, p. p. of ergere,
erigere, to erect, raise, L. erigere. See
Erect.] 1. Watchful; vigilant;
active in vigilance.
2. Brisk; nimble; moving with celerity.
An alert young fellow.
Addison.
Syn. -- Active; agile; lively; quick; prompt.
A*lert", n. (Mil.) An alarm
from a real or threatened attack; a sudden attack; also, a bugle
sound to give warning. \'bdWe have had an
alert.\'b8
Farrow.
On the alert, on the lookout or watch against
attack or danger; ready to act.
A*lert"ly, adv. In an alert manner;
nimbly.
A*lert"ness, n. The quality of being
alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity.
Ale" sil`ver (#). A duty payable to the
lord mayor of London by the sellers of ale within the city.
Ale"stake (#), n. A stake or
pole projecting from, or set up before, an alehouse, as a sign;
an alepole. At the end was commonly suspended a garland, a bunch
of leaves, or a \'bdbush.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ale"tast`er (#), n. See
Aleconner. [Eng.]
A*le`thi*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ truth + -logy.] The science which
treats of the nature of truth and evidence.
Sir W. Hamilton.
A*leth"o*scope (#), n. [Gr. /
true + / to view.] An instrument for viewing
pictures by means of a lens, so as to present them in their
natural proportions and relations.
A*leu"ro*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ wheaten flour + -mancy: cf. F.
aleuromancie.] Divination by means of
flour.
Encyc. Brit.
Al`eu*rom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ flour + -meter.] An instrument for
determining the expansive properties, or quality, of gluten in
flour.
Knight.
A*leu"rone (#), n. [Gr. /
flour.] (Bot.) An albuminoid substance
which occurs in minute grains (\'bdprotein granules\'b8) in
maturing seeds and tubers; -- supposed to be a modification of
protoplasm.
Al`eu*ron"ic (#), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature of aleurone.
D. C. Eaton.
{ A*leu"tian (#), A*leu"tic
(#), } a. [Said to be from the
Russ. aleut a bold rock.] Of or pertaining
to a chain of islands between Alaska and Kamtchatka; also,
designating these islands.
Al"e*vin (#), n. [F.
alevin, OF. alever to rear, fr. L. ad
+ levare to raise.] Young fish; fry.
A*lew" (#), n. Halloo.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ale"wife` (#), n.; pl.
Alewives (#). A woman who keeps an
alehouse.
Gay.
Ale"wife`, n.; pl.
Alewives. [This word is properly
aloof, the Indian name of a fish. See Winthrop on the
culture of maize in America, \'bdPhil Trans.\'b8 No. 142, p.
1065, and Baddam's \'bdMemoirs,\'b8 vol. ii. p. 131.]
(Zo\'94l.) A North American fish (Clupea
vernalis) of the Herring family. It is called also
ellwife, ellwhop,
branch herring. The name is locally applied to
other related species.
Al`ex*an"ders (#),
Al`i*san"ders (#), n.
[OE. alisaundre, OF. alissandere, fr.
Alexander or Alexandria.]
(Bot) A name given to two species of the genus
Smyrnium, formerly cultivated and used as celery now
is; -- called also horse parsely.
Al`ex*an"dri*an (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to Alexandria in Egypt; as, the
Alexandrian library.
2. Applied to a kind of heroic verse. See
Alexandrine, n.
Al`ex*an"drine (?; 277), a.
Belonging to Alexandria; Alexandrian.
Bancroft.
Al`ex*an"drine (#), n. [F.
alexandrin.] A kind of verse consisting in
English of twelve syllables.
The needless Alexandrine ends the song,
That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
Pope.
{ A*lex`i*phar"mac (#),
A*lex`i*phar"ma*cal (#), } a. &
n. [See Alexipharmic.]
Alexipharmic. [Obs.]
{ A*lex`i*phar"mic (#),
A*lex`i*phar"mic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. / keeping off poison; / to keep off + / drug,
poison: cf. F. alexipharmaque.]
(Med.) Expelling or counteracting poison;
antidotal.
A*lex`i*phar"mic (#), n.
(Med.) An antidote against poison or infection; a
counterpoison.
A*lex`i*py*ret"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / burning heat, fever, / fire.] (Med.)
Serving to drive off fever; antifebrile. --
n. A febrifuge.
{ A*lex`i*ter"ic (#),
A*lex`i*ter"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. / fit to keep off or help, fr. / one who keeps off,
helper; / to keep off: cf. F. alexit\'8are.]
(med.) Resisting poison; obviating the effects of
venom; alexipharmic.
A*lex`i*ter"ic, n. [Gr. / a remedy, an
amulet: cf. F. alexit\'8are, LL.
alexiterium.] (Med.) A
preservative against contagious and infectious diseases, and the
effects of poison in general.
Brande & C.
\'d8Al"fa (#) or Al"fa grass"
(#), n. A plant (Macrochloa
tenacissima) of North Africa; also, its fiber, used in
paper making.
Al*fal"fa (#), n. [Sp.]
(Bot.) The lucern (Medicago sativa);
-- so called in California, Texas, etc.
Al"fe*nide (#), n.
(Metal.) An alloy of nickel and silver
electroplated with silver.
\'d8Al*fe"res (#), n. [Sp., fr.
Ar. al-f\'bers knight.] An ensign; a
standard bearer. [Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Al"fet, n. [LL. alfetum, fr.
AS. \'belf\'91t a pot to boil in; \'bel
burning + f\'91t vat.] A caldron of boiling
water into which an accused person plunged his forearm as a test
of innocence or guilt.
\'d8Al*fil`a*ri"a (#), n.
(Bot.) The pin grass (Erodium
cicutarium), a weed in California.
\'d8Al`fi*o"ne (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An edible marine fish of California
(Rhacochilus toxotes).
\'d8Al*fres"co (#), adv. & a.
[It. al fresco in or on the fresh.] In
the open-air.
Smollett.
\'d8Al"ga (#), n.; pl.
Alg\'91 (#). [L., seaweed.]
(Bot.) A kind of seaweed; pl. the
class of cellular cryptogamic plants which includes the black,
red, and green seaweeds, as kelp, dulse, sea lettuce, also marine
and fresh water conferv\'91, etc.
Al"gal (#), a., (Bot.)
Pertaining to, or like, alg\'91.
\'d8Al`ga*ro"ba (#), n. [Sp.
algarroba, fr. Ar. al-kharr/bah. Cf.
Carob.] (Bot.) (a) The
Carob, a leguminous tree of the Mediterranean region; also, its
edible beans or pods, called St. John's bread.
(b) The Honey mesquite (Prosopis
juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos
Ayres; also, its sweet, pulpy pods. A valuable gum, resembling
gum arabic, is collected from the tree in Texas and Mexico.
{ Al"ga*rot (#), Al"ga*roth
(#), } n. [F. algaroth,
fr. the name of the inventor, Algarotti.]
(Med.) A term used for the Powder of Algaroth, a
white powder which is a compound of trichloride and trioxide of
antimony. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic,
purgative, and diaphoretic.
\'d8Al`ga*ro*vil"la (#), n. The
agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American
tree (Inga Marth\'91). It is valuable for tanning
leather, and as a dye.
{ Al"gate (#), Al"gates
(#), } adv. [All +
gate way. The s is an adverbial ending. See
Gate.] 1. Always; wholly;
everywhere. [Obs.]
Ulna now he algates must forego.
Spenser.
2. By any or means; at all events.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
3. Notwithstanding; yet. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al"ga*zel` (#), n. [Ar.
al the + ghaz\'bel.]
(Zo\'94l.) The true gazelle.
Al"ge*bra (#), n. [LL.
algebra, fr. Ar. al-jebr reduction of parts
to a whole, or fractions to whole numbers, fr. jabara
to bind together, consolidate; al-jebr
w'almuq\'bebalah reduction and comparison (by equations):
cf. F. alg\'8abre, It. & Sp.
algebra.] 1. (Math.)
That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations and
properties of quantity by means of letters and other symbols. It
is applicable to those relations that are true of every kind of
magnitude.
2. A treatise on this science.
{ Al`ge*bra"ic (#),
Al`ge*bra"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to algebra; containing an operation of
algebra, or deduced from such operation; as,
algebraic characters; algebraical
writings.
Algebraic curve, a curve such that the
equation which expresses the relation between the co\'94rdinates
of its points involves only the ordinary operations of algebra;
-- opposed to a transcendental curve.
Al`ge*bra"ic*al*ly, adv. By algebraic
process.
Al"ge*bra`ist (#), n. One
versed in algebra.
Al"ge*bra*ize (#), v. t. To
perform by algebra; to reduce to algebraic form.
Al*ge"ri*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algeria. -- n. A native of
Algeria.
Al`ge*rine" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Algiers or Algeria.
Al`ge*rine", n. A native or one of the
people of Algiers or Algeria. Also, a pirate.
Al"gid (#), a. [L.
algidus cold, fr. algere to be cold: cf. F.
algide.] Cold; chilly.
Bailey.
Algid cholera (Med.), Asiatic
cholera.
Al*gid"i*ty (#), n. Chilliness;
coldness; especially (Med.), coldness and
collapse.
Al"gid*ness (#), n.
Algidity. [Obs.]
Al*gif"ic (#), a. [L.
algificus, fr. algus cold +
facere to make.] Producing cold.
Al"goid (#), a. [L. alga +
-oid.] Of the nature of, or resembling, an
alga.
Al"gol (#), n. [Ar.
al-gh/l destruction, calamity, fr.
gh\'bela to take suddenly, destroy.]
(Astron.) A fixed star, in Medusa's head, in the
constellation Perseus, remarkable for its periodic variation in
brightness.
Al`go*log"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to algology; as, algological
specimens.
Al*gol"o*gist (#), n. One
learned about alg\'91; a student of algology.
Al*gol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
alga seaweed + -logy.]
(Bot.) The study or science of alg\'91 or
seaweeds.
{ Al*gon"quin (#), Al*gon"kin
(#), } n. One of a widely spread
family of Indians, including many distinct tribes, which formerly
occupied most of the northern and eastern part of North America.
The name was originally applied to a group of Indian tribes north
of the River St. Lawrence.
\'d8Al"gor (#), n. [L.]
(Med.) Cold; chilliness.
{ Al"go*rism (#), Al"go*rithm
(#), } n. [OE.
algorism, algrim, augrim, OF.
algorisme, F. algorithme (cf. Sp.
algoritmo, OSp. alguarismo, LL.
algorismus), fr. the Ar.
al-Khow\'berezm\'c6 of Khow\'berezm, the
modern Khiwa, surname of Abu Ja'far Mohammed ben Mus\'be, author
of a work on arithmetic early in the 9th century, which was
translated into Latin, such books bearing the name
algorismus. The spelling with th is due to
a supposed connection with Gr. / number.] 1.
The art of calculating by nine figures and zero.
2. The art of calculating with any species of
notation; as, the algorithms of fractions,
proportions, surds, etc.
Al"gous (#), a. [L.
algosus, fr. alga seaweed.] Of
or pertaining to the alg\'91, or seaweeds; abounding with, or
like, seaweed.
\'d8Al`gua*zil" (#) (#), n.
[Sp. alguacil, fr. Ar. alwaz\'c6r the
vizier. Cf. Vizier.] An inferior officer of
justice in Spain; a warrant officer; a constable.
Prescott.
Al"gum (#), n. Same as
Almug (and etymologically preferable).
2 Chron. ii. 8.
Al*ham"bra (#), n. [Ultimately
fr. Ar. al the + hamr\'be red;
i. e., the red (sc.
house).] The palace of the Moorish kings at
Granada.
{ Al`ham*bra"ic (#),
Al`ham*bresque" (?; 277), } a.
Made or decorated after the fanciful style of the
ornamentation in the Alhambra, which affords an unusually fine
exhibition of Saracenic or Arabesque architecture.
\'d8Al*hen"na (#), n. See
Henna.
A"li*as (#), adv. [L., fr.
alius. See Else.] (Law)
(a) Otherwise; otherwise called; -- a term used in
legal proceedings to connect the different names of any one who
has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause
doubtful; as, Smith, alias Simpson.
(b) At another time.
A"li*as, n.; pl. Aliases
(#). [L., otherwise, at another time.]
(Law) (a) A second or further writ which
is issued after a first writ has expired without effect.
(b) Another name; an assumed name.
Al"i*bi (#), n. [L., elsewhere,
at another place. See Alias.] (Law)
The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial
for a crime proves or attempts to prove that he was in another
place when the alleged act was committed; as, to set up an
alibi; to prove an alibi.
Al`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. Quality
of being alible.
Al"i*ble (#), a. [L.
alibilis, fr. alere to nourish.]
Nutritive; nourishing.
Al"i*cant (#), n. A kind of
wine, formerly much esteemed; -- said to have been made near
Alicant, in Spain.
J. Fletcher.
Al"i*dade (#), n. [LL.
alidada, alhidada, fr. Ar.
al-'id\'beda a sort of rule: cf. F.
alidade.] The portion of a graduated
instrument, as a quadrant or astrolabe, carrying the sights or
telescope, and showing the degrees cut off on the arc of the
instrument
Whewell.
Al"ien (#), a. [OF.
alien, L. alienus, fr. alius
another; properly, therefore, belonging to another. See
Else.] 1. Not belonging to the same
country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects
thereof; foreign; as, alien subjects, enemies,
property, shores.
2. Wholly different in nature; foreign; adverse;
inconsistent (with); incongruous; -- followed by
from or sometimes by to; as, principles
alien from our religion.
An alien sound of melancholy.
Wordsworth.
Alien enemy (Law), one who owes
allegiance to a government at war with ours.
Abbott.
Al"ien, n. 1. A foreigner; one
owing allegiance, or belonging, to another country; a
foreign-born resident of a country in which he does not posses
the privileges of a citizen. Hence, a stranger. See
Alienage.
2. One excluded from certain privileges; one
alienated or estranged; as, aliens from God's
mercies.
Aliens from the common wealth of Israel.
Ephes. ii. 12.
Al"ien, v. t. [F. ali\'82ner,
L. alienare.] To alienate; to estrange; to
transfer, as property or ownership. [R.]
\'bdIt the son alien lands.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
The prince was totally aliened from all thoughts of
. . . the marriage.
Clarendon.
Al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Capability of being alienated. \'bdThe
alienability of the domain.\'b8
Burke.
Al"ien*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
ali\'82nable.] Capable of being alienated,
sold, or transferred to another; as, land is
alienable according to the laws of the state.
Al"ien*age (#), n. [Cf. OF.
ali\'82nage.] 1. The state or
legal condition of being an alien.
alienage are
removable by naturalization or by special license from the State
of residence, and in some of the United States by declaration of
intention of naturalization.
Kent. Wharton.
Estates forfeitable on account of alienage.
Story.
2. The state of being alienated or transferred to
another.
Brougham.
<-- p. 39 -->
Al"ien*ate (#), a. [L.
alienatus, p. p. of alienare, fr.
alienus. See Alien, and cf.
Aliene.] Estranged; withdrawn in affection;
foreign; -- with from.
O alienate from God.
Milton.
Al"ien*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alienated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alienating.] 1. To convey or
transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part
voluntarily with ownership of.
2. To withdraw, as the affections; to make
indifferent of averse, where love or friendship before subsisted;
to estrange; to wean; -- with from.
The errors which . . . alienated a loyal gentry and
priesthood from the House of Stuart.
Macaulay.
The recollection of his former life is a dream that only the
more alienates him from the realities of the
present.
I. Taylor.
Al"ien*ate (#), n. A stranger;
an alien. [Obs.]
Al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [F.
ali\'82nation, L. alienatio, fr.
alienare, fr. alienare. See
Alienate.] 1. The act of alienating,
or the state of being alienated.
2. (Law) A transfer of title, or a legal
conveyance of property to another.
3. A withdrawing or estrangement, as of the
affections.
The alienation of his heart from the king.
Bacon.
4. Mental alienation; derangement of the mental
faculties; insanity; as, alienation of
mind.
Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; aberration;
mania; delirium; frenzy; dementia; monomania. See
Insanity.
Al"ien*a"tor (#), n. One who
alienates.
Al*iene (#), v. t. To alien or
alienate; to transfer, as title or property; as, to
aliene an estate.
Al"ien*ee" (#), n. (Law)
One to whom the title of property is transferred; -- opposed
to alienor.
It the alienee enters and keeps possession.
Blackstone.
Al"ien*ism (#), n. 1.
The status or legal condition of an alien; alienage.
The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability
of alienism.
Kent.
2. The study or treatment of diseases of the
mind.
Al"ien*ist (#), n. [F.
ali\'82niste.] One who treats diseases of
the mind.
Ed. Rev.
Al`ien*or" (#), n. [OF.
ali\'82neur.] One who alienates or
transfers property to another.
Blackstone.
{ Al`i*eth"moid (#),
Al`i*eth*moid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. ethomoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the ethmoid
bone or /artilage.
A*life" (#), adv. [Cf.
lief dear.] On my life; dearly.
[Obs.] \'bdI love that sport alife.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
A*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -ferous.] Having
wings, winged; aligerous. [R.]
Al"i*form (#), a. [L.
ala wing + -form.] Wing-shaped;
winglike.
A*lig"er*ous (#), a. [L.
aliger; ala wing + gerere to
carry.] Having wings; winged. [R.]
A*light" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alighted
(#) sometimes Alit (#); p. pr. &
vb. n. Alighting.] [OE.
alihten, fr. AS. \'bel\'c6htan; pref.
\'be- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-,
orig. meaning out) + l\'c6htan, to alight,
orig. to render light, to remove a burden from, fr.
l\'c6ht, leoht, light. See Light,
v. i.] 1. To spring down, get
down, or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage; to
dismount.
2. To descend and settle, lodge, rest, or stop;
as, a flying bird alights on a tree; snow
alights on a roof.
3. To come or chance (upon).
[R.]
A*light", a. [Pref. a- +
light.] Lighted; lighted up; in a
flame. \'bdThe lamps were alight.\'b8
Dickens.
A*lign" (#), v. t. [F.
aligner; \'85 (L. ad) +
ligne (L. linea) line. See Line,
and cf. Allineate.] To adjust or form to a
line; to range or form in line; to bring into line; to
aline.
A*lign", v. t. To form in line; to fall
into line.
A*lign"ment (#), n. [F.
alignement.] 1. The act of
adjusting to a line; arrangement in a line or lines; the state of
being so adjusted; a formation in a straight line; also, the line
of adjustment; esp., an imaginary line to regulate the formation
of troops or of a squadron.
2. (Engin.) The ground-plan of a railway
or other road, in distinction from the grades or profile.
A*like" (#), a. [AS.
onl\'c6c, gel\'c6c; pref. \'be +
like.] Having resemblance or similitude;
similar; without difference. [Now used only predicatively.]
The darkness and the light are both alike to
thee.
Ps. cxxxix. 12.
A*like", adv. [AS. gel\'c6ce,
onl\'c6ce.] In the same manner, form, or
degree; in common; equally; as, we are all alike
concerne/ in religion.
A*like"-mind`ed (#), a.
Like-minded. [Obs.]
Al"i*ment (#), n. [L.
alimentum, fr. alere to nourish; akin to
Goth. alan to grow, Icel. ala to nourish:
cf. F. aliment. See Old.] 1.
That which nourishes; food; nutriment; anything which feeds
or adds to a substance in natural growth. Hence: The necessaries
of life generally: sustenance; means of support.
Aliments of thei/ sloth and weakness.
Bacon.
2. An allowance for maintenance.
[Scot.]
Al"i*ment, v. t. 1. To nourish;
to support.
2. To provide for the maintenance of.
[Scot.]
Al`i*men"tal (#), a. Supplying
food; having the quality of nourishing; furnishing the materials
for natural growth; as, alimental sap.
A`li*men"tal*ly, adv. So as to serve for
nourishment or food; nourishing quality.
Sir T. Browne.
Al`i*men"ta*ri*ness (#), n. The
quality of being alimentary; nourishing quality.
[R.]
Al`i*men"ta*ry (#), a. [L.
alimentarius, fr. alimentum: cf. F.
alimentaire.] Pertaining to aliment or
food, or to the function of nutrition; nutritious; alimental;
as, alimentary substances.
Alimentary canal, the entire channel,
extending from the mouth to the anus, by which aliments are
conveyed through the body, and the useless parts
ejected.
Al`i*men*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alimentation, LL. alimentatio.]
1. The act or process of affording nutriment; the
function of the alimentary canal.
2. State or mode of being nourished.
Bacon.
Al`i*men"tive*ness (#), n. The
instinct or faculty of appetite for food. [Chiefly
in Phrenol.]
Al`i*mo"ni*ous (#), a.
Affording food; nourishing. [R.]
\'bdAlimonious humors.\'b8
Harvey.
Al"i*mo*ny (#), n. [L.
alimonia, alimonium, nourishment,
sustenance, fr. alere to nourish.] 1.
Maintenance; means of living.
2. (Law) An allowance made to a wife out
of her husband's estate or income for her support, upon her
divorce or legal separation from him, or during a suit for the
same.
Wharton. Burrill.
Al`i*na"sal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. nasal.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to expansions of the nasal
bone or cartilage.
A*line" (#), v. t. To range or
place in a line; to bring into line; to align.
Evelyn.
A*lin`e*a"tion (#), n. See
Allineation.
A*line"ment (#), n. Same as
Alignment.
[The Eng. form alinement is preferable to
alignment, a bad spelling of the French].
New Eng. Dict. (Murray).
A*lin"er (#), n. One who
adjusts things to a line or lines or brings them into line.
Evelyn.
Al"i*oth (#), n. [Ar.
aly\'bet the tail of a fat sheep.]
(Astron.) A star in the tail of the Great Bear,
the one next the bowl in the Dipper.
Al"i*ped (#), a. [L.
alipes; ala wing + pes,
pedis, foot: cf. F. alip\'8ade.]
(Zo\'94l.) Wing-footed, as the bat. --
n. An animal whose toes are connected
by a membrane, serving for a wing, as the bat.
Al"i*quant (#), a. [L.
aliquantus some, moderate; alius other +
quantus how great: cf. F. aliquante.]
(Math.) An aliquant part of a number
or quantity is one which does not divide it without leaving a
remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquant part of 16. Opposed
to aliquot.
Al"i*quot (#), a. [L.
aliquot some, several; alius other +
quot how many: cf. F. aliquote.]
(Math.) An aliquot part of a number or
quantity is one which will divide it without a remainder; thus, 5
is an aliquot part of 15. Opposed to
aliquant.
Al`i*sep"tal (#), a. [L.
ala wing + E. septal.]
(Anat.) Relating to expansions of the nasal
septum.
Al"ish (#), a. Like ale;
as, an alish taste.
{ Al`i*sphe"noid (#),
Al`i*sphe*noid"al (#), } a.
[L. ala wing + E. sphenoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to or forming the wing of the
sphenoid; relating to a bone in the base of the skull, which in
the adult is often consolidated with the sphenoid; as,
alisphenoid bone; alisphenoid canal.
Al`i*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)
The alisphenoid bone.
Al"i*trunk (#), n. [L.
ala wing + truncus trunk.]
(Zo\'94l.) The segment of the body of an insect
to which the wings are attached; the thorax.
Kirby.
Al`i*tur"gic*al (#), a. [Pref.
a- + liturgical.] (Eccl.)
Applied to those days when the holy sacrifice is not
offered.
Shipley.
\'d8A`li*un"de (#), adv. & a.
[L.] (Law) From another source; from
elsewhere; as, a case proved aliunde; evidence
aliunde.
A*live" (#), a. [OE. on
live, AS. on l\'c6fe in life; l\'c6fe
being dat. of l\'c6f life. See Life, and cf.
Live, a.] 1. Having life,
in opposition to dead; living; being in a state in
which the organs perform their functions; as, an animal or a
plant which is alive.
2. In a state of action; in force or operation;
unextinguished; unexpired; existent; as, to keep the fire
alive; to keep the affections alive.
3. Exhibiting the activity and motion of many
living beings; swarming; thronged.
The Boyne, for a quarter of a mile, was alive with
muskets and green boughs.
Macaulay.
4. Sprightly; lively; brisk.
Richardson.
5. Having susceptibility; easily impressed; having
lively feelings, as opposed to apathy; sensitive.
Tremblingly alive to nature's laws.
Falconer.
6. Of all living (by way of emphasis).
Northumberland was the proudest man alive.
Clarendon.
Used colloquially as an intensive; as, man
alive!
Alive always follows the noun which it
qualifies.
\'d8A`li*za"ri (#), n. [Perh.
fr. Ar. 'a/\'berah juice extracted from a plant, fr.
'a/ara to press.] (Com.) The
madder of the Levant.
Brande & C.
A*liz"a*rin (#), n. [F.
alizarine, fr. alizari.]
(Chem.) A coloring principle,
C14H6O2(OH)2, found in madder, and now produced
artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds.
Al"ka*hest (#), n. [LL.
alchahest, F. alcahest, a word that has an
Arabic appearance, but was probably arbitrarily formed by
Paracelsus.] The fabled \'bduniversal solvent\'b8 of
the alchemists; a menstruum capable of dissolving all
bodies. -- Al`ka*hes"tic (#),
a.
Al`kal*am"ide (#), n.
[Alkali + amide.]
(Chem.) One of a series of compounds that may be
regarded as ammonia in which a part of the hydrogen has been
replaced by basic, and another part by acid, atoms or
radicals.
{ Al`ka*les`cence (#),
Al`ka*les"cen*cy (#), } n.
A tendency to become alkaline; or the state of a substance
in which alkaline properties begin to be developed, or to
predominant.
Ure.
Al`ka*les"cent (#), a. [Cf. F.
alcalescent.] Tending to the properties of
an alkali; slightly alkaline.
Al"ka*li (?; 277), n.; pl.
Alkalis or Alkalies (#). [F.
alcali, ultimately fr. Ar. alqal\'c6 ashes
of the plant saltwort, fr. qalay to roast in a pan,
fry.] 1. Soda ash; caustic soda, caustic
potash, etc.
2. (Chem.) One of a class of caustic
bases, such as soda, potash, ammoma, and lithia, whose
distinguishing peculiarities are solubility in alcohol and water,
uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming
salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and
changing reddened litmus to blue.
Fixed alkalies, potash and soda. --
Vegetable alkalies. Same as
Alkaloids. -- Volatile alkali,
ammonia, so called in distinction from the fixed
alkalies.
Al"ka*li*fi`a*ble (#), a. [Cf.
F. alcalifiable.] Capable of being
alkalified, or converted into an alkali.
Al"ka*li*fy (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alkalifying.] [Alkali +
-fly: cf. F. alcalifier.] To
convert into an alkali; to give alkaline properties to.
Al"ka*li*fy, v. i. To become changed
into an alkali.
Al`ka*lim"e*ter (#), n.
[Alkali + -meter. cf. F.
alcalim\'8atre.] An instrument to ascertain
the strength of alkalies, or the quantity of alkali in a
mixture.
{ Al`ka*li*met"ric (#),
Al`ka*li*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to alkalimetry.
Al`ka*lim"e*try (#), n. [Cf. F.
alcalim\'8atrie.] (Chem.) The
art or process of ascertaining the strength of alkalies, or the
quantity present in alkaline mixtures.
Al"ka*line (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
alcalin.] Of or pertaining to an alkali or
to alkalies; having the properties of an alkali.
Alkaline earths, certain substances, as lime,
baryta, strontia, and magnesia, possessing some of the qualities
of alkalies. -- Alkaline metals, potassium,
sodium, c\'91sium, lithium, rubidium. -- Alkaline
reaction, a reaction indicating alkalinity, as by the
action on limits, turmeric, etc.
Al`ka*lin"i*ty (#), n. The
quality which constitutes an alkali; alkaline property.
Thomson.
Al*ka"li*ous (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Al"ka*li*zate (#), a.
Alkaline. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Al"ka*li**zate (#), v. t. To
alkalizate. [R.]
Johnson.
Al`ka*li*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. alcalisation.] The act rendering
alkaline by impregnating with an alkali; a conferring of alkaline
qualities.
Al"ka*lize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alkalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Alkalizing
(#).] [Cf. F.
alcaliser.] To render alkaline; to
communicate the properties of an alkali to.
{ Al"ka*loid (#), Al`ka*loid"al
(#), } a. [Alkali +
-oid: cf. F. alcalo\'8bde.]
Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, alkali.
Al"ka*loid (#), n.
(Chem.) An organic base, especially one of a
class of substances occurring ready formed in the tissues of
plants and the bodies of animals.
Alcaloids all contain nitrogen, carbon,
and hydrogen, and many of them also contain oxygen. They include
many of the active principles in plants; thus, morphine and
narcotine are alkaloids found in opium.
Al"ka*net (#), n. [Dim. of Sp.
alcana, alhe/a, in which al is
the Ar. article. See Henna, and cf.
Orchanet.] 1. (Chem.) A
dyeing matter extracted from the roots of Alkanna
tinctoria, which gives a fine deep red color.
2. (Bot.) (a) A boraginaceous
herb (Alkanna tinctoria) yielding the dye;
orchanet. (b) The similar plant Anchusa
officinalis; bugloss; also, the American puccoon.
Al*kar"gen (#), n.
[Alkarsin + oxygen.]
(Chem.) Same as Cacodylic acid.
Al*kar"sin (#), n.
[Alkali + arsenic +
-in.] (Chem.) A spontaneously
inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of
cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also
Cadel's fuming liquid.
Al*ka"zar (#). See Alcazar.
Al`ke*ken"gi (#), n. [Cf. F.
alk\'82kenge, Sp. alquequenje, ultimately
fr. Ar. al-k\'bekanj a kind of resin from
Herat.] (Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the
nightshade family (Physalis alkekengi) and its fruit,
which is a well flavored berry, the size of a cherry, loosely
inclosed in a enlarged leafy calyx; -- also called winter
cherry, ground cherry, and strawberry
tomato.
D. C. Eaton.
Al*ker"mes (#), n. [Ar.
al-qirmiz kermes. See
Kermes.] (Old Pharmacy) A compound
cordial, in the form of a confection, deriving its name from the
kermes insect, its principal ingredient.
Al"ko*ran (?; 277), n. The
Mohammedan Scriptures. Same as Alcoran and
Koran.
Al`ko*ran"ic (#), a. Same as
Alcoranic.
Al`ko*ran"ist, n. Same as
Alcoranist.
All (#), a. [OE. al,
pl. alle, AS. eal, pl. ealle,
Northumbrian alle, akin to D. & OHG. al,
Ger. all, Icel. allr. Dan. al,
Sw. all, Goth. alls; and perh. to Ir. and
Gael. uile, W. oll.] 1.
The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or
degree of; the whole; the whole number of; any whatever; every;
as, all the wheat; all the land;
all the year; all the strength; all
happiness; all abundance; loss of all power;
beyond all doubt; you will see us all (or all
of us).
Prove all things: hold fast that which is good.
1 Thess. v. 21.
2. Any. [Obs.] \'bdWithout
all remedy.\'b8
Shak.
all qualifies, all precedes the article or
the pronoun; as, all the cattle; all my
labor; all his wealth; all our families;
all your citizens; all their property;
all other joys.
This word, not only in popular language, but in the
Scriptures, often signifies, indefinitely, a large portion or
number, or a great part. Thus, all the cattle in Egypt
died, all Judea and all the region round
about Jordan, all men held John as a prophet, are not
to be understood in a literal sense, but as including a large
part, or very great numbers.
3. Only; alone; nothing but.
I was born to speak all mirth and no matter.
Shak.
All the whole, the whole (emphatically).
[Obs.] \'bdAll the whole
army.\'b8
Shak.
All, adv. 1. Wholly;
completely; altogether; entirely; quite; very; as,
all bedewed; my friend is all for
amusement. \'bdAnd cheeks all pale.\'b8
Byron.
<-- p. 40 -->
all too dear,
all too much, all so long, etc., this word
retains its appropriate sense or becomes intensive.
2. Even; just. (Often a mere intensive
adjunct.) [Obs. or Poet.]
All as his straying flock he fed.
Spenser.
A damsel lay deploring
All on a rock reclined.
Gay.
All to, All-to.
In such phrases as \'bdall to rent,\'b8
\'bdall to break,\'b8 \'bdall-to
frozen,\'b8 etc., which are of frequent occurrence in our old
authors, the all and the to have commonly
been regarded as forming a compound adverb, equivalent in meaning
to entirely, completely,
altogether. But the sense of entireness lies wholly in
the word all (as it does in \'bdall
forlorn,\'b8 and similar expressions), and the to
properly belongs to the following word, being a kind of intensive
prefix (orig. meaning asunder and answering to the LG.
ter-, HG. zer-). It is frequently to be met
with in old books, used without the all. Thus Wyclif
says, \'bdThe vail of the temple was to rent:\'b8 and
of Judas, \'bdHe was hanged and to-burst the
middle:\'b8 i. e., burst in two, or asunder. --
All along. See under Along. --
All and some, individually and collectively, one
and all. [Obs.] \'bdDispleased all and
some.\'b8 Fairfax. -- All but.
(a) Scarcely; not even. [Obs.]
Shak. (b) Almost; nearly. \'bdThe
fine arts were all but proscribed.\'b8
Macaulay. -- All hollow, entirely,
completely; as, to beat any one all
hollow. [Low] -- All one,
the same thing in effect; that is, wholly the same
thing. -- All over, over the whole extent;
thoroughly; wholly; as, she is her mother all
over. [Colloq.] -- All the
better, wholly the better; that is, better by the whole
difference. -- All the same,
nevertheless. \'bdThere they [certain phenomena] remain
rooted all the same, whether we recognize them or
not.\'b8 J. C. Shairp. \'bdBut Rugby is a very nice
place all the same.\'b8 T. Arnold. -- See also
under All, n.
All (#), n. The whole number,
quantity, or amount; the entire thing; everything included or
concerned; the aggregate; the whole; totality; everything or
every person; as, our all is at stake.
Death, as the Psalmist saith, is certain to
all.
Shak.
All that thou seest is mine.
Gen. xxxi. 43.
All is used with of, like a partitive;
as, all of a thing, all of us.
After all, after considering everything to the
contrary; nevertheless. -- All in all, a
phrase which signifies all things to a person, or
everything desired; (also adverbially) wholly;
altogether.
Thou shalt be all in all, and I in thee,
Forever.
Milton.
Trust me not at all, or all in all.
Tennyson.
-- All in the wind (Naut.), a phrase
denoting that the sails are parallel with the course of the wind,
so as to shake. -- All told, all counted; in
all. -- And all, and the rest; and everything
connected. \'bdBring our crown and all.\'b8
Shak. -- At all. (a) In every
respect; wholly; thoroughly. [Obs.] \'bdShe is
a shrew at al(l).\'b8 Chaucer. (b)
A phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually
in negative or interrogative sentences, and signifying in
any way or respect; in the least degree or to
the least extent; in the least; under any
circumstances; as, he has no ambition at all; has
he any property at all? \'bdNothing at all. \'b8
Shak. \'bdIt thy father at all miss me.\'b8
1 Sam. xx. 6. -- Over all,
everywhere. [Obs.] Chaucer.
All is much used in composition to
enlarge the meaning, or add force to a word. In some instances,
it is completely incorporated into words, and its final consonant
is dropped, as in almighty, already,
always: but, in most instances, it is an adverb
prefixed to adjectives or participles, but usually with a hyphen,
as, all-bountiful, all-glorious,
allimportant, all-surrounding, etc. In
others it is an adjective; as, allpower,
all-giver. Anciently many words, as,
alabout, alaground, etc., were compounded
with all, which are now written separately.
All, conj. [Orig. all, adv.,
wholly: used with though or if, which being
dropped before the subjunctive left all as if in the
sense although.] Although; albeit.
[Obs.]
All they were wondrous loth.
Spenser.
\'d8Al`la bre"ve (#). [It., according to
the breve.] (Old Church Music)
With one breve, or four minims, to measure, and
sung faster like four crotchets; in quick common time; --
indicated in the time signature by /.
\'d8Al"lah (#), n. [ contr. fr.
the article al the + ilah God.]
The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and
the Mohammedans generally.
All`-a-mort" (#), a. See
Alamort.
Al"lan*ite (#), n. [From T.
Allan, who first distinguished it as a species.]
(min.) A silicate containing a large amount of
cerium. It is usually black in color, opaque, and is related to
epidote in form and composition.
Al`lan*to"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allanto\'8bque.] Pertaining to, or
contained in, the allantois.
Allantoic acid. (Chem.) See
Allantoin.
{ Al*lan"toid (#), Al`lan*toid"al
(#), } a. [Gr. / shaped like a
sausage; / sausage + / form.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the allantois.
\'d8Al`lan*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of
Vertebrata in which the embryo develops an allantois. It includes
reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Al*lan"to*in (#), n.
(Chem.) A crystalline, transparent, colorless
substance found in the allantoic liquid of the fetal calf; --
formerly called allantoic acid and amniotic
acid.
{ \'d8Al*lan"to*is (#),
Al*lan"toid (#), } n..
(Anat.) A membranous appendage of the embryos of
mammals, birds, and reptiles, -- in mammals serving to connect
the fetus with the parent; the urinary vesicle.
Al"la*trate (#), v. i. [L.
allatrare. See Latrate.] To bark
as a dog. [Obs.]
Stubbes.
Al*lay" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allayed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allaying.] [OE. alaien,
aleggen, to lay down, put down, humble, put an end to,
AS. \'belecgan; \'be- (cf. Goth.
us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out)
+ lecgan to lay; but confused with old forms of
allege, alloy, alegge. See
Lay.] 1. To make quiet or put at
rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm; as, to
allay popular excitement; to allay the tumult
of the passions.
2. To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate; as, to
allay the severity of affliction or the bitterness of
adversity.
It would allay the burning quality of that fell
poison.
Shak.
Syn. -- To alleviate; check; repress; assuage; appease;
abate; subdue; destroy; compose; soothe; calm; quiet. See
Alleviate.
Al*lay" (#), v. t. To diminish
in strength; to abate; to subside. \'bdWhen the rage
allays.\'b8
Shak.
Al*lay", n. Alleviation; abatement;
check. [Obs.]
Al*lay", n. Alloy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*lay", v. t. To mix (metals); to mix
with a baser metal; to alloy; to deteriorate.
[Archaic]
Fuller.
Al*lay"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allays.
Al*lay"ment (#), n. An
allaying; that which allays; mitigation.
[Obs.]
The like allayment could I give my grief.
Shak.
Al"le*cret (#), n. [OF.
alecret, halecret,
hallecret.] A kind of light armor used in
the sixteenth century, esp. by the Swiss.
Fairholt.
Al*lect" (#), v. t. [L.
allectare, freq. of allicere,
allectum.] To allure; to entice.
[Obs.]
Al`lec*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
allectatio.] Enticement; allurement.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Al*lec"tive (#), a. [LL.
allectivus.] Alluring.
[Obs.]
Al*lec"tive, n. Allurement.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Al*ledge" (#), v. t. See
Allege. [Obs.]
abridge,
was once the prevailing one.
Al`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
allegatio, fr. allegare,
allegatum, to send a message, cite; later, to free by
giving reasons; ad + legare to send, commission. Cf.
Allege and Adlegation.] 1.
The act of alleging or positively asserting.
2. That which is alleged, asserted, or declared;
positive assertion; formal averment
I thought their allegation but reasonable.
Steele.
3. (Law) A statement by a party of what
he undertakes to prove, -- usually applied to each separate
averment; the charge or matter undertaken to be proved.
Al*lege" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alleging.] [OE. aleggen to
bring forward as evidence, OF. esligier to buy, prop.
to free from legal difficulties, fr. an assumed LL.
exlitigare; L. ex + litigare to quarrel,
sue (see Litigate). The word was confused with L.
allegare (see Allegation), and lex
law. Cf. Allay.] 1. To bring forward
with positiveness; to declare; to affirm; to assert; as, to
allege a fact.
2. To cite or quote; as, to allege the
authority of a judge. [Archaic]
3. To produce or urge as a reason, plea, or excuse;
as, he refused to lend, alleging a resolution
against lending.
Syn. -- To bring forward; adduce; advance; assign; produce;
declare; affirm; assert; aver; predicate.
Al*lege", v. t. [See
Allay.] To alleviate; to lighten, as a burden
or a trouble. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Al*lege"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being alleged or affirmed.
The most authentic examples allegeable in the
case.
South.
Al*lege"ance (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
Al*lege"ment (#), n.
Allegation. [Obs.]
With many complaints and allegements.
Bp. Sanderson.
Al*leg"er (#), n. One who
affirms or declares.
Al*legge" (#), v. t. See
Alegge and Allay. [Obs.]
Al*le"giance (#), n. [OE.
alegeaunce; pref. a- + OF. lige,
liege. The meaning was influenced by L.
ligare to bind, and even by lex, legis,
law. See Liege, Ligeance.] 1.
The tie or obligation, implied or expressed, which a subject
owes to his sovereign or government; the duty of fidelity to
one's king, government, or state.
2. Devotion; loyalty; as, allegiance
to science.
Syn. -- Loyalty; fealty. --
Allegiance, Loyalty. These words agree
in expressing the general idea of fidelity and attachment to the
\'bdpowers that be.\'b8 Allegiance is an obligation to
a ruling power. Loyalty is a feeling or sentiment
towards such power. Allegiance may exist under any
form of government, and, in a republic, we generally speak of
allegiance to the government, to the state, etc. In
well conducted monarchies, loyalty is a warm-hearted
feeling of fidelity and obedience to the sovereign. It is
personal in its nature; and hence we speak of the
loyalty of a wife to her husband, not of her
allegiance. In cases where we personify,
loyalty is more commonly the word used; as,
loyalty to the constitution; loyalty to the
cause of virtue; loyalty to truth and religion,
etc.
Hear me, recreant, on thine allegiance hear me!
Shak.
So spake the Seraph Abdiel, faithful found, . . .
Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified,
His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal.
Milton.
Al*le"giant (#), a.
Loyal.
Shak.
{ Al`le*gor"ic (#),
Al`le*gor"ic*al (#), } a.
[F. all\'82gorique, L. allegorius, fr.
Gr. /. See Allegory.] Belonging to, or
consisting of, allegory; of the nature of an allegory; describing
by resemblances; figurative. \'bdAn allegoric
tale.\'b8 Falconer. \'bdAn allegorical
application.\'b8 Pope.
Allegorical being . . . that kind of language which
says one thing, but means another.
Max Miller.
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Al`le*gor"ic*al*ness, n.
Al"le*go*rist (#), n. [Cf. F.
allegoriste.] One who allegorizes; a writer
of allegory.
Hume.
Al`le*gor"i*za"tion (#), n. The
act of turning into allegory, or of understanding in an
allegorical sense.
Al"le*go*rize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allegorized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allegorizing.] [Cf. F.
all\'82goriser, fr. L. allegorizare.]
1. To form or turn into allegory; as, to
allegorize the history of a people.
2. To treat as allegorical; to understand in an
allegorical sense; as, when a passage in a writer may
understood literally or figuratively, he who gives it a
figurative sense is said to allegorize it.
Al"le*go*rize, v. t. To use
allegory.
Holland.
Al"le*go*ri`zer (#), n. One who
allegorizes, or turns things into allegory; an allegorist.
Al"le*go*ry (#), n.; pl.
Allegories (#). [L.
allegoria, Gr. /, description of one thing under the
image of another; / other + / to speak in the assembly,
harangue, / place of assembly, fr. / to assemble: cf. F.
all\'82gorie.] 1. A figurative
sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is
described by another subject resembling it in its properties and
circumstances. The real subject is thus kept out of view, and we
are left to collect the intentions of the writer or speaker by
the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject.
2. Anything which represents by suggestive
resemblance; an emblem.
3. (Paint. & Sculpt.) A figure
representation which has a meaning beyond notion directly
conveyed by the object painted or sculptured.
Syn. -- Metaphor; fable. -- Allegory,
Parable. \'bdAn allegory differs both from
fable and parable, in that the properties of persons
are fictitiously represented as attached to things, to which they
are as it were transferred. . . . A figure of Peace and Victory
crowning some historical personage is an allegory.
\'bdI am the Vine, ye are the branches\'b8 [John xv.
1-6] is a spoken allegory. In the
parable there is no transference of properties. The
parable of the sower [Matt. xiii. 3-23]
represents all things as according to their proper nature. In the
allegory quoted above the properties of the vine and
the relation of the branches are transferred to the person of
Christ and His apostles and disciples.\'b8
C. J. Smith.
An allegory is a prolonged metaphor. Bunyan's
\'bdPilgrim's Progress\'b8 and Spenser's \'bdFa\'89rie Queene\'b8
are celebrated examples of the allegory.
\'d8Al`le`gresse" (#), n. [F.
all\'82gresse, fr. L. alacer
sprightly.] Joy; gladsomeness.
\'d8Al`le*gret"to (#), a. [It.,
dim. of allegro.] (Mus.) Quicker
than andante, but not so quick as
allegro. -- n. A movement in
this time.
\'d8Al*le"gro (#), a. [It.,
merry, gay, fr. L. alacer lively. Cf.
Aleger.] (Mus.) Brisk,
lively. -- n. An allegro movement;
a quick, sprightly strain or piece.
{ Al`le*lu"ia, Al`le*lu"iah }
(#), n. [L. alleluia, Gr.
/, fr. Heb. hall/l/-y\'beh. See
Hallelujah.] An exclamation signifying
Praise ye Jehovah. Hence: A song of praise to God. See
Hallelujah, the commoner form.
I heard a great voice of much people in heaven, saying,
Alleluia.
Rev. xix. 1.
\'d8Al"le*mande" (#), n. [F.,
fr. allemand German.] 1.
(Mus.) A dance in moderate twofold time, invented
by the French in the reign of Louis XIV.; -- now mostly found in
suites of pieces, like those of Bach and Handel.
2. A figure in dancing.
Al`le*man"nic (#), a. See
Alemannic.
Al*len"ar*ly (#), adv.
[All + anerly singly, fr.
ane one.] Solely; only.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ler (#), a. [For
ealra, the AS. gen. pl. of eal all.]
Same as Alder, of all. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Al*le"ri*on (#), n. [F.
al\'82rion, LL. alario a sort of eagle; of
uncertain origin.] (Her.) Am eagle without
beak or feet, with expanded wings.
Burke.
Al*le"vi*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alleviated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Alleviating.] [LL.
alleviare, fr. L. ad + levis light. See
Alegge, Levity.] 1. To
lighten or lessen the force or weight of.
[Obs.]
Should no others join capable to alleviate the
expense.
Evelyn.
Those large bladders . . . conduce much to the
alleviating of the body [of flying birds].
Ray.
2. To lighten or lessen (physical or mental
troubles); to mitigate, or make easier to be endured; as, to
alleviate sorrow, pain, care, etc. ; -- opposed to
aggravate.
The calamity of the want of the sense of hearing is much
alleviated by giving the use of letters.
Bp. Horsley.
3. To extenuate; to palliate.
[R.]
He alleviates his fault by an excuse.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To lessen; diminish; soften; mitigate; assuage;
abate; relieve; nullify; allay. -- To
Alleviate, Mitigate, Assuage,
Allay. These words have in common the idea of relief
from some painful state; and being all figurative, they differ in
their application, according to the image under which this idea
is presented. Alleviate supposes a load which is
lightened or taken off; as, to alleviate one's
cares. Mitigate supposes something fierce which
is made mild; as, to mitigate one's anguish.
Assuage supposes something violent which is quieted;
as, to assuage one's sorrow. Allay
supposes something previously excited, but now brought down;
as, to allay one's suffering or one's thirst.
To alleviate the distresses of life; to
mitigate the fierceness of passion or the violence of
grief; to assuage angry feeling; to allay
wounded sensibility.
Al*le`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
alleviatio.] 1. The act of
alleviating; a lightening of weight or severity; mitigation;
relief.
<-- p. 41 -->
2. That which mitigates, or makes more
tolerable.
I have not wanted such alleviations of life as
friendship could supply.
Johnson.
Al*le"vi*a*tive (#), a. Tending
to alleviate. -- n. That which
alleviates.
Al*le"vi*a`tor (#), n. One who,
or that which, alleviaties.
Al*le"vi*a*to*ry (#), a.
Alleviative.
Carlyle.
Al"ley (#), n.; pl.
Alleys (#). [OE. aley,
alley, OF. al\'82e, F. all\'82e,
a going, passage, fr. OE. aler, F. aller,
to go; of uncertain origin: cf. Prov. anar, It.
andare, Sp. andar.] 1.
A narrow passage; especially a walk or passage in a garden
or park, bordered by rows of trees or bushes; a bordered
way.
I know each lane and every alley green.
Milton.
2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct
from a public street.
Gay.
3. A passageway between rows of pews in a
church.
4. (Persp.) Any passage having the
entrance represented as wider than the exit, so as to give the
appearance of length.
5. The space between two rows of compositors'
stands in a printing office.
Al"ley, n.; pl. Alleys
(#). [A contraction of alabaster,
of which it was originally made.] A choice taw or
marble.
Dickens.
Al"leyed (#), a. Furnished with
alleys; forming an alley. \'bdAn alleyed
walk.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Al"ley*way` (#) n. An
alley.
All" Fools' Day` (#). The first day of
April, a day on which sportive impositions are practiced.
The first of April, some do say,
Is set apart for All Fools' Day.
Poor Robin's Almanack (1760).
All`fours" (#). [All + four
(cards).] A game at cards, called \'bdHigh, Low, Jack,
and the Game.\'b8
All` fours" [formerly, All` four".]
All four legs of a quadruped; or the two legs and two arms
of a person.
To be, go, or
run, on all fours (Fig.), to be
on the same footing; to correspond (with) exactly; to
be alike in all the circumstances to be considered.
\'bdThis example is on all fours with the other.\'b8
\'bdNo simile can go on all fours.\'b8
Macaulay.
All` hail" (#). [All +
hail, interj.] All health; -- a
phrase of salutation or welcome.
All`-hail", v. t. To salute; to
greet. [Poet.]
Whiles I stood rapt in the wonder of it, came missives from
the king, who all-hailed me \'bdThane of
Cawdor.\'b8
Shak.
All`hal"lond (#), n.
Allhallows. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ All`hal"low (#), All`hal"lows
(#), } n. 1. All the
saints (in heaven). [Obs.]
2. All Saints' Day, November 1st.
[Archaic]
<-- All Hallows Eve = Halloween, Dec. 31 st. -->
All`hal"low (#). The evening before
Allhallows. See Halloween.
All`hal"low*mas (#), n. The
feast of All Saints.
All`hal"lown (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the time of Allhallows. [Obs.]
\'bdAllhallown summer.\'b8 Shak. (i. e.,
late summer; \'bdIndian Summer\'b8).
All`hal"low*tide` (#), n. [AS.
t\'c6d time.] The time at or near All
Saints, or November 1st.
All"heal (#), n. A name
popularly given to the officinal valerian, and to some other
plants.
Al*li"a*ble (#), a. Able to
enter into alliance.
Al`li*a"ceous (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the genus Allium, or garlic, onions,
leeks, etc.; having the smell or taste of garlic or onions.
Al*li"ance (#), n. [OE.
aliaunce, OF. aliance, F.
alliance, fr. OF. alier, F.
allier. See Ally, and cf. LL.
alligantia.] 1. The state of being
allied; the act of allying or uniting; a union or connection of
interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially
between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or
league; as, matrimonial alliances; an
alliance between church and state; an alliance
between France and England.
2. Any union resembling that of families or states;
union by relationship in qualities; affinity.
The alliance of the principles of the world with
those of the gospel.
C. J. Smith.
The alliance . . . between logic and
metaphysics.
Mansel.
3. The persons or parties allied.
Udall.
Syn. -- Connection; affinity; union; confederacy;
confederation; league; coalition.
Al*li"ance, v. t. To connect by
alliance; to ally. [Obs.]
Al*li"ant (#), n. [Cf. F.
alliant, p. pr.] An ally; a
confederate. [Obs. & R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
{ Al"lice, Al"lis } (#),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The European shad
(Clupea vulgaris); allice shad. See
Alose.
Al*li"cien*cy (#), n.
Attractive power; attractiveness. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Al*li"cient (#), a. [L.
alliciens, p. pr. of allicere to allure;
ad + lacere to entice.] That attracts;
attracting. -- n. That
attracts. [Rare or Obs.]
Al*lied" (#), a. United;
joined; leagued; akin; related. See Ally.
Al*li*gate (#), v. t. [L.
alligatus, p. p. of alligare. See
Ally.] To tie; to unite by some tie.
Instincts alligated to their nature.
Sir M. Hale.
Al`li*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
alligatio.] 1. The act of tying
together or attaching by some bond, or the state of being
attached. [R.]
2. (Arith.) A rule relating to the
solution of questions concerning the compounding or mixing of
different ingredients, or ingredients of different qualities or
values.
Alligation is of two kinds, medial and
alternate; medial teaching the method of
finding the price or quality of a mixture of several simple
ingredients whose prices and qualities are known;
alternate, teaching the amount of each of several
simple ingredients whose prices or qualities are known, which
will be required to make a mixture of given price or
quality.
Al"li*ga`tor (#), n. [Sp.
el lagarto the lizard (el lagarto de
Indias, the cayman or American crocodile), fr. L.
lacertus, lacerta, lizard. See
Lizard.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
large carnivorous reptile of the Crocodile family, peculiar to
America. It has a shorter and broader snout than the crocodile,
and the large teeth of the lower jaw shut into pits in the upper
jaw, which has no marginal notches. Besides the common species of
the southern United States, there are allied species in South
America.
2. (Mech.) Any machine with strong jaws,
one of which opens like the movable jaw of an alligator;
as, (a) (Metal Working) a form of
squeezer for the puddle ball; (b)
(Mining) a rock breaker; (c)
(Printing) a kind of job press, called also
alligator press.
Alligator apple (Bot.), the fruit
of the Anona palustris, a West Indian tree. It is said
to be narcotic in its properties. Loudon. --
Alligator fish (Zo\'94l.), a marine
fish of northwestern America (Podothecus
acipenserinus). -- Alligator gar
(Zo\'94l.), one of the gar pikes (Lepidosteus
spatula) found in the southern rivers of the United States.
The name is also applied to other species of gar pikes. --
Alligator pear (Bot.), a corruption of
Avocado pear. See Avocado. --
Alligator snapper, Alligator
tortoise, Alligator turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a very large and voracious turtle
(Macrochelys lacertina) in habiting the rivers of the
southern United States. It sometimes reaches the weight of two
hundred pounds. Unlike the common snapping turtle, to which the
name is sometimes erroneously applied, it has a scaly head and
many small scales beneath the tail. This name is sometimes given
to other turtles, as to species of Trionyx. --
Alligator wood, the timber of a tree of the West
Indies (Guarea Swartzii).
Al*lign"ment (#), n. See
Alignment.
Al*lin"e*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ad + lineatus, p. p. of lineare to draw a
line.] To align. [R.]
Herschel.
{ Al*lin`e*a"tion (#),
A*line`e*a"tion (#), } n.
Alignment; position in a straight line, as of two planets
with the sun.
Whewell.
The allineation of the two planets.
C. A. Young.
Al*li"sion (#), n. [L.
allisio, fr. allidere, to strike or dash
against; ad + laedere to dash against.] The
act of dashing against, or striking upon.
The boisterous allision of the sea.
Woodward.
Al*lit"er*al (#), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by alliteration.
Al*lit"er*ate (#), v. t. To
employ or place so as to make alliteration.
Skeat.
Al*lit"er*ate, v. i. To compose
alliteratively; also, to constitute alliteration.
Al*lit`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ad + litera letter. See Letter.]
The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or
more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short
intervals; as in the following lines: -
Behemoth, biggest born of earth, upheaved
His vastness.
Milton.
Fly o'er waste fens and windy fields.
Tennyson.
alliteration. Anglo-Saxon
poetry is characterized by alliterative meter of this sort. Later
poets also employed it.
In a somer seson whan soft was the sonne,
I shope me in shroudes as I a
shepe were.
P. Plowman.
Al*lit"er*a*tive (?; 277), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, alliteration; as,
alliterative poetry. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ly, adv. --
Al*lit"er*a*tive*ness, n.
Al*lit"er*a`tor (#), n. One who
alliterates.
\'d8Al"li*um (#), n. [L.,
garlic.] (bot.) A genus of plants,
including the onion, garlic, leek, chive, etc.
All"mouth` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The angler.
All"ness (#), n. Totality;
completeness. [R.]
The allness of God, including his absolute
spirituality, supremacy, and eternity.
R. Turnbull.
All"night` (#), n. Light, fuel,
or food for the whole night. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Al"lo*cate (#), v. t. [LL.
allocatus, p. p. of allocare, fr. L.
ad + locare to place. See Allow.]
1. To distribute or assign; to allot.
Burke.
2. To localize. [R.]
Al`lo*ca"tion (#), n. [LL.
allocatio: cf. F. allocation.]
1. The act of putting one thing to another; a
placing; disposition; arrangement.
Hallam.
2. An allotment or apportionment; as, an
allocation of shares in a company.
The allocation of the particular portions of
Palestine to its successive inhabitants.
A. R. Stanley.
3. The admission of an item in an account, or an
allowance made upon an account; -- a term used in the English
exchequer.
\'d8Al`lo*ca"tur (#), n. [LL.,
it is allowed, fr. allocare to allow.]
(Law) \'bdAllowed.\'b8 The word
allocatur expresses the allowance of a proceeding,
writ, order, etc., by a court, judge, or judicial officer.
Al`lo*chro"ic (#), a.
Changeable in color.
Al*loch"ro*ite (#), n.
(Min.) See Garnet.
Al*loch"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
changed in color, fr. / other + / color.] Changing
color.
Al`lo*cu"tion (#), n. [L.
allocuto, fr. alloqui to speak to; ad
+ loqui to speak: cf. F. allocution.]
1. The act or manner of speaking to, or of
addressing in words.
2. An address; a hortatory or authoritative address
as of a pope to his clergy.
Addison.
Al"lod (#), n. See
Allodium.
Al*lo"di*al (#), a. [LL.
allodialis, fr. allodium: cf. F.
allodial. See Allodium.]
(Law) Pertaining to allodium; freehold; free of
rent or service; held independent of a lord paramount; -- opposed
to feudal; as, allodial lands;
allodial system.
Blackstone.
Al*lo"di*al, a. Anything held
allodially.
W. Coxe.
Al*lo"di*al*ism (#), n. The
allodial system.
Al*lo"di*al*ist, n. One who holds
allodial land.
Al*lo"di*al*ly, adv. By allodial
tenure.
Al*lo"di*a*ry (#), n. One who
holds an allodium.
Al*lo"di*um (#), n. [LL.
allodium, alodium, alodis,
alaudis, of Ger. origin; cf. OHG. al all,
and /t (AS. e\'bed) possession, property.
It means, therefore, entirely one's property.]
(Law) Freehold estate; land which is the absolute
property of the owner; real estate held in absolute independence,
without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to
a superior. It is thus opposed to feud.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Al*log"a*mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by allogamy.
Al*log"a*my (#) n. [Gr. /
other + / marriage.] (Bot.) Fertilization
of the pistil of a plant by pollen from another of the same
species; cross-fertilization.
Al`lo*ge"ne*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Different in nature or kind.
[R.]
Al"lo*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
another + -graph.] A writing or signature
made by some person other than any of the parties thereto; --
opposed to autograph.
<-- Allomer; Allomeric -->
Al*lom"er*ism (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / part.] (Chem.) Variability in
chemical constitution without variation in crystalline
form.
Al*lom"er*ous (#), a.
(Chem.) Characterized by allomerism.
Al"lo*morph (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / form.] (Min.) (a) Any
one of two or more distinct crystalline forms of the same
substance; or the substance having such forms; -- as,
carbonate of lime occurs in the allomorphs calcite and
aragonite. (b) A variety of pseudomorph
which has undergone partial or complete change or substitution of
material; -- thus limonite is frequently an allomorph
after pyrite.
G. H. Williams.
Al`lo*mor"phic (#), a.
(Min.) Of or pertaining to allomorphism.
Al`lo*mor"phism (#), n.
(Min.) The property which constitutes an
allomorph; the change involved in becoming an allomorph.
Al*longe" (#), n. [F.
allonge, earlier alonge, a lengthening. See
Allonge, v., and cf. Lunge.]
1. (Fencing) A thrust or pass; a
lunge.
2. A slip of paper attached to a bill of exchange
for receiving indorsements, when the back of the bill itself is
already full; a rider. [A French usage]
Abbott.
Al*longe", v. i. [F.
allonger; \'85 (L. ad) +
long (L. longus) long.] To
thrust with a sword; to lunge.
Al"lo*nym (#), n. [F.
allonyme, fr. Gr. / other + / name.]
1. The name of another person assumed by the author
of a work.
2. A work published under the name of some one
other than the author.
Al*lon"y*mous (#), a. Published
under the name of some one other than the author.
Al*loo" (#), v. t. or i.
[See Halloo.] To incite dogs by a call;
to halloo. [Obs.]
Al"lo*path (#), n. [Cf. F.
allopathe.] An allopathist.
Ed. Rev.
Al`lo*path"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
allopathique.] Of or pertaining to
allopathy.
Al`lo*path"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In a manner conformable to allopathy; by allopathic
methods.
Al*lop"a*thist (#), n. One who
practices allopathy; one who professes allopathy.
Al*lop"a*thy (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / suffering, /, /, to suffer: cf. G.
allopathie, F. allopathie. See
Pathos.] That system of medical practice
which aims to combat disease by the use of remedies which produce
effects different from those produced by the special disease
treated; -- a term invented by Hahnemann to designate the
ordinary practice, as opposed to homeopathy.
{ Al`lo*phyl"ic (#),
Al`lo*phyl"i*an (#), } a.
[Gr. / of another tribe; / other + / class or
tribe.] Pertaining to a race or a language neither
Aryan nor Semitic.
J. Prichard.
Al"lo*quy (#), n. [L.
alloquim, fr. alloqui.] A
speaking to another; an address. [Obs.]
Al*lot" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Allotting.] [OF.
aloter, F. allotir; a (L.
ad) + lot lot. See Lot.]
1. To distribute by lot.
2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or
portions; or to distribute to each individual concerned; to
assign as a share or lot; to set apart as one's share; to bestow
on; to grant; to appoint; as, let every man be contented with
that which Providence allots him.
Ten years I will allot to the attainment of
knowledge.
Johnson.
Al"lo*the*ism (#), n. [Gr. /
other + / god.] The worship of strange gods.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*lot"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
alotement, F. allotement.]
1. The act of allotting; assignment.
2. That which is allotted; a share, part, or
portion granted or distributed; that which is assigned by lot, or
by the act of God; anything set apart for a special use or to a
distinct party.
The alloments of God and nature.
L'Estrange.
A vineyard and an allotment for olives and
herbs.
Broome.
3. (law) The allowance of a specific
amount of scrip or of a particular thing to a particular
person.
Cottage allotment, an allotment of a small
portion of land to a country laborer for garden cultivation.
[Eng.]
<-- p. 42 -->
Al`lo*tri*oph"a*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ strange + / to eat: cf. F.
allotriophagie.] (Med.) A
depraved appetite; a desire for improper food.
{ Al`lo*trop"ic (#),
Al`lo*trop"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. allotropique.] Of or
pertaining to allotropism. --
Al`lo*trop"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Allotropic state, the several conditions which
occur in a case of allotropism.
Al*lot`ro*pic"i*ty (#), n.
Allotropic property or nature.
{ Al*lot"ro*pism (#),
Al*lot"ro*py (#), } n.
[Gr. / other + direction, way, / to turn: cf. F.
allotropie.] (Chem.) The
property of existing in two or more conditions which are distinct
in their physical or chemical relations.
Al*lot"ro*pize (#), v. t. To
change in physical properties but not in substance.
[R.]
Al*lot"ta*ble (#), a. Capable
of being allotted.
Al*lot`tee" (#), n. One to whom
anything is allotted; one to whom an allotment is made.
Al*lot"ter (#), n. One who
allots.
Al*lot"ter*y (#), n.
Allotment. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*low" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allowed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Allowing.] [OE. alouen, OF.
alouer, aloer, aluer, F.
allouer, fr. LL. allocare to admit as
proved, to place, use; confused with OF. aloer, fr. L.
allaudare to extol; ad + laudare to praise.
See Local, and cf. Allocate,
Laud.] 1. To praise; to approve of;
hence, to sanction. [Obs. or Archaic]
Ye allow the deeds of your fathers.
Luke xi. 48.
We commend his pains, condemn his pride, allow his
life, approve his learning.
Fuller.
2. To like; to be suited or pleased with.
[Obs.]
How allow you the model of these clothes?
Massinger.
3. To sanction; to invest; to intrust.
[Obs.]
Thou shalt be . . . allowed with absolute
power.
Shak.
4. To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield;
to let one have; as, to allow a servant his liberty;
to allow a free passage; to allow one day for
rest.
He was allowed about three hundred pounds a
year.
Macaulay.
5. To own or acknowledge; to accept as true; to
concede; to accede to an opinion; as, to allow a
right; to allow a claim; to allow the truth of
a proposition.
I allow, with Mrs. Grundy and most moralists, that
Miss Newcome's conduct . . . was highly reprehensible.
Thackeray.
6. To grant (something) as a deduction or an
addition; esp. to abate or deduct; as, to allow a
sum for leakage.
7. To grant license to; to permit; to consent to;
as, to allow a son to be absent.
Syn. -- To allot; assign; bestow; concede; admit; permit;
suffer; tolerate. See Permit.
Al*low", v. i. To admit; to concede; to
make allowance or abatement.
Allowing still for the different ways of making
it.
Addison.
To allow of, to permit; to admit.
Shak.
Al*low"a*ble (#), a. [F.
allouable.] 1. Praiseworthy;
laudable. [Obs.]
Hacket.
2. Proper to be, or capable of being, allowed;
permissible; admissible; not forbidden; not unlawful or improper;
as, a certain degree of freedom is allowable among
friends.
Al*low"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being allowable; permissibleness; lawfulness; exemption from
prohibition or impropriety.
South.
Al*low"a*bly, adv. In an allowable
manner.
Al*low"ance (#), n. [OF.
alouance.] 1. Approval;
approbation. [Obs.]
Crabbe.
2. The act of allowing, granting, conceding, or
admitting; authorization; permission; sanction; tolerance.
Without the king's will or the state's
allowance.
Shak.
3. Acknowledgment.
The censure of the which one must in your allowance
o'erweigh a whole theater of others.
Shak.
4. License; indulgence. [Obs.]
Locke.
5. That which is allowed; a share or portion
allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty,
or as appropriate for any purpose; a stated quantity, as of food
or drink; hence, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when
provisions fall short.
I can give the boy a handsome allowance.
Thackeray.
6. Abatement; deduction; the taking into account of
mitigating circumstances; as, to make allowance for
the inexperience of youth.
After making the largest allowance for fraud.
Macaulay.
7. (com.) A customary deduction from the
gross weight of goods, different in different countries, such as
tare and tret.
Al*low"ance, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Allowancing (#).]
[See Allowance, n.] To put
upon a fixed allowance (esp. of provisions and drink); to supply
in a fixed and limited quantity; as, the captain was obliged
to allowance his crew; our provisions were
allowanced.
Al*low"ed*ly (#) adv. By
allowance; admittedly.
Shenstone.
Al*low"er (#), n. 1.
An approver or abettor. [Obs.]
2. One who allows or permits.
Al*lox"an (#), n.
[Allantoin + oxalic, as containing the
elements of allantion and oxalic
acid.] (Chem.) An oxidation product of uric
acid. It is of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or
alcohol.
Al*lox"a*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A combination of alloxanic acid and a
base or base or positive radical.
Al`lox*an"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to alloxan; -- applied
to an acid obtained by the action of soluble alkalies on
alloxan.
Al`lox*an"tin (#), n.
(Chem.) A substance produced by acting upon uric
with warm and very dilute nitric acid.
Al*loy", n. [OE. alai, OF.
alei, F. aloyer, to alloy, alier
to ally. See Alloy, v. t.] 1.
Any combination or compound of metals fused together; a
mixture of metals; for example, brass, which is an alloy of
copper and zinc. But when mercury is one of the metals, the
compound is called an amalgam.
2. The quality, or comparative purity, of gold or
silver; fineness.
3. A baser metal mixed with a finer.
Fine silver is silver without the mixture of any baser metal.
Alloy is baser metal mixed with it.
Locke.
4. Admixture of anything which lessens the value or
detracts from; as, no happiness is without
alloy. \'bdPure English without Latin
alloy.\'b8
F. Harrison.
Al*loy", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Alloyed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Alloying.] [F.
aloyer, OF. alier, allier, later
allayer, fr. L. aligare. See
Alloy, n., Ally, v.t.,
and cf. Allay.] 1. To reduce the
purity of by mixing with a less valuable substance; as, to
alloy gold with silver or copper, or silver with
copper.
2. To mix, as metals, so as to form a
compound.
3. To abate, impair, or debase by mixture; to
allay; as, to alloy pleasure with
misfortunes.
Al*loy", v. t. To form a metallic
compound.
Gold and iron alloy with ease.
Ure.
Al*loy"age (#), n. [F.
aloyage.] The act or art of alloying
metals; also, the combination or alloy.
All`-pos*sessed" (#), a.
Controlled by an evil spirit or by evil passions;
wild. [Colloq.]
{ All" Saints` (#), All" Saints'
(#), } The first day of November, called,
also, Allhallows or Hallowmas; a feast day
kept in honor of all the saints; also, the season of this
festival.
All" Souls' Day` (#). The second day of
November; a feast day of the Roman Catholic church, on which
supplications are made for the souls of the faithful dead.
All"spice` (#), n. The berry of
the pimento (Eugenia pimenta), a tree of the West
Indies; a spice of a mildly pungent taste, and agreeably
aromatic; Jamaica pepper; pimento. It has been supposed to
combine the flavor of cinnamon, nutmegs, and cloves; and hence
the name. The name is also given to other aromatic shrubs; as,
the Carolina allspice (Calycanthus
floridus); wild allspice (Lindera
benzoin), called also spicebush,
spicewood, and
feverbush.
All`thing` (#), adv. [For
in all (= every) thing.]
Altogether. [Obs.]
Shak.
Al*lude" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Alluding.] [L.
alludere to play with, to allude; ad +
ludere to play.] To refer to something
indirectly or by suggestion; to have reference to a subject not
specifically and plainly mentioned; -- followed by to;
as, the story alludes to a recent
transaction.
These speeches . . . do seem to allude unto such
ministerial garments as were then in use.
Hooker.
Syn. -- To refer; point; indicate; hint; suggest; intimate;
signify; insinuate; advert. See Refer.
Al*lude", v. t. To compare allusively;
to refer (something) as applicable. [Obs.]
Wither.
\'d8Al`lu`mette (#), n. [F.,
from allumer to light.] A match for
lighting candles, lamps, etc.
Al*lu"mi*nor (#), n. [OF.
alumineor, fr. L. ad + liminare. See
Luminate.] An illuminator of manuscripts and
books; a limner. [Obs.]
Cowell.
Al*lur"ance (#), n.
Allurement. [R.]
Al*lure" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alluded
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Alluring.] [OF. aleurrer,
alurer, fr. a (L. ad) +
leurre lure. See Lure.] To attempt
to draw; to tempt by a lure or bait, that is, by the offer of
some good, real or apparent; to invite by something flattering or
acceptable; to entice; to attract.
With promised joys allured them on.
Falconer.
The golden sun in splendor likest Heaven
Allured his eye.
Milton.
Syn. -- To attract; entice; tempt; decoy; seduce.
-- To Allure, Entice, Decoy,
Seduce. These words agree in the idea of acting upon the
mind by some strong controlling influence, and differ according
to the image under which is presented. They are all used in a bad
sense, except allure, which has sometimes (though
rarely) a good one. We are allured by the prospect or
offer (usually deceptive) of some future good. We are commonly
enticed into evil by appeals to our passions. We are
decoyed into danger by false appearances or
representations. We are seduced when drawn aside from
the path of rectitude. What allures draws by gentle
means; what entices leads us by promises and
persuasions; what decoys betrays us, as it were, into
a snare or net; what seduces deceives us by artful
appeals to the passions.
Al*lure", n. Allurement.
[R.]
Hayward.
\'d8Al`lure" (#), n. [F.;
aller to go.] Gait; bearing.
The swing, the gait, the pose, the allure of these
men.
Harper's Mag.
Al*lure"ment (#), n. 1.
The act alluring; temptation; enticement.
Though Adam by his wife's allurement fell.
Milton.
2. That which allures; any real or apparent good
held forth, or operating, as a motive to action; as, the
allurements of pleasure, or of honor.
Al*lur"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, allures.
Al*lur"ing, a. That allures; attracting;
charming; tempting. -- Al*lur"ing*ly,
adv. -- Al*lur"ing*ness, n.
Al*lu"sion (#), n. [L.
allusio, fr. alludere to allude: cf. F.
allusion.] 1. A figurative or
symbolical reference. [Obs.]
2. A reference to something supposed to be known,
but not explicitly mentioned; a covert indication; indirect
reference; a hint.
Al*lu"sive (#), a. 1.
Figurative; symbolical.
2. Having reference to something not fully
expressed; containing an allusion.
Al*lu"sive*ly, adv. Figuratively
[Obs.]; by way of allusion; by implication,
suggestion, or insinuation.
Al*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being
allusive.
Al*lu"so*ry (#), a.
Allusive. [R.]
Warburton.
Al*lu"vi*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
alluvial. See Alluvion.]
Pertaining to, contained in, or composed of, alluvium;
relating to the deposits made by flowing water; washed away from
one place and deposited in another; as, alluvial
soil, mud, accumulations, deposits.
Al*lu"vi*on (#), n. [F.
alluvion, L. alluvio, fr.
alluere to wash against; ad + luere, equiv.
to lavare, to wash. See Lave.]
1. Wash or flow of water against the shore or
bank.
2. An overflowing; an inundation; a flood.
Lyell.
3. Matter deposited by an inundation or the action
of flowing water; alluvium.
The golden alluvions are there [in California and
Australia] spread over a far wider space: they are found not only
on the banks of rivers, and in their beds, but are scattered over
the surface of vast plains.
R. Cobden.
4. (Law) An accession of land gradually
washed to the shore or bank by the flowing of water. See
Accretion.
Al*lu"vi*ous (#), n. [L.
alluvius. See Alluvion.]
Alluvial. [R.]
Johnson.
Al*lu"vi*um (#), n.; pl. E.
Alluviums, L. Alluvia (#).
[L., neut. of alluvius. See
Alluvious.] (Geol.) Deposits of
earth, sand, gravel, and other transported matter, made by
rivers, floods, or other causes, upon land not permanently
submerged beneath the waters of lakes or seas.
Lyell.
All"where` (#), adv.
Everywhere. [Archaic]
All"work` (#), n. Domestic or
other work of all kinds; as, a maid of allwork, that
is, a general servant.
Al*ly" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Allied (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Allying.]
[OE. alien, OF. alier, F.
alier, fr. L. alligare to bind to; ad
+ ligare to bind. Cf. Alligate, Alloy,
Allay, Ligament.] 1. To
unite, or form a connection between, as between families by
marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or
confederacy; -- often followed by to or
with.
O chief! in blood, and now in arms allied.
Pope.
2. To connect or form a relation between by
similitude, resemblance, friendship, or love.
These three did love each other dearly well,
And with so firm affection were allied.
Spenser.
The virtue nearest to our vice allied.
Pope.
Ally is generally used in the passive
form or reflexively.
Al*ly" (#), n.; pl.
Allies (#). [See Ally,
v.] 1. A relative; a
kinsman. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. One united to another by treaty or league; --
usually applied to sovereigns or states; a confederate.
The English soldiers and their French allies.
Macaulay.
3. Anything associated with another as a helper; an
auxiliary.
Science, instead of being the enemy of religion, becomes its
ally.
Buckle.
4. Anything akin to another by structure,
etc.
Al"ly (#), n. See
Alley, a marble or taw.
Al"lyl (#), n. [L.
allium garlic + -yl.]
(Chem.) An organic radical,
C3H5, existing especially in oils of garlic and
mustard.
Al"ly*lene (#), n.
(Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon,
C3H4, homologous with acetylene; propine.
<-- =propyne, CH3.C.CH -->
Al"ma, Al"mah (#),
n. Same as Alme.
Al`ma*can"tar (#), n.
(Astron.) (a) Same as
Almucantar. (b) A recently invented
instrument for observing the heavenly bodies as they cross a
given almacantar circle. See Almucantar.
{ \'d8Al`ma*di"a (#),
\'d8Al"ma*die (#), } n.
[F. almadie (cf. Sp. & Pg. almadia),
fr. Ar. alma'd\'c6yah a raft, float.]
(Naut.) (a) A bark canoe used by the
Africans. (b) A boat used at Calicut, in
India, about eighty feet long, and six or seven broad.
Al"ma*gest (#), n. [F.
almageste, LL. almageste, Ar.
al-majist\'c6, fr. Gr. / (sc. /), the
greatest composition.] The celebrated work of Ptolemy
of Alexandria, which contains nearly all that is known of the
astronomical observations and theories of the ancients. The name
was extended to other similar works.
\'d8Al*ma"gra (#), n. [Sp.
almagra, almagre, fr. Ar.
al-maghrah red clay or earth.] A
fine, deep red ocher, somewhat purplish, found in Spain. It is
the sil atticum of the ancients. Under the name of
Indian red it is used for polishing glass and
silver.
{ Al"main (#), Al"mayne
(#), Al"man (#), } n.
[OF. Aleman, F. Allemand, fr. L.
Alemanni, ancient Ger. tribes.]
[Obs.] 1. A German. Also
adj., German.
Shak.
2. The German language.
J. Foxe.
3. A kind of dance. See Allemande.
Almain rivets, Almayne rivets, or
Alman rivets, a sort of light armor from
Germany, characterized by overlapping plates, arranged to slide
on rivets, and thus afford great flexibility.
\'d8Al"ma Ma"ter (#). [L., fostering
mother.] A college or seminary where one is
educated.
Al"ma*nac (?; 277), n. [LL.
almanac, almanach: cf. F.
almanach, Sp. almanaque, It.
almanacco, all of uncertain origin.] A book
or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which
astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as
the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon,
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms
of courts, etc.
Nautical almanac, an almanac, or year book,
containing astronomical calculations (lunar, stellar, etc.), and
other information useful to mariners.
<-- P. 43 -->
Al"man*dine (#), n. [LL.
almandina, alamandina, for L.
alabandina a precious stone, named after
Alabanda, a town in Caria, where it was first and
chiefly found: cf. F. almandine.]
(Min.) The common red variety of garnet.
{ \'d8Al"me, \'d8Al"meh }
(#), n. [Ar. 'almah (fem.)
learned, fr. 'alama to know: cf. F.
alm\'82e.] An Egyptian dancing girl; an
Alma.
The Almehs lift their arms in dance.
Bayard Taylor.
\'d8Al`men*dron" (#), n. [Sp.,
fr. almendra almond.] The lofty Brazil-nut
tree.
Al"mer*y (#), n. See
Ambry. [Obs.]
Alm"esse (#), n. See
Alms. [Obs.]
{ Al*might"ful (#),
Al*might"i*ful (#), } a.
All-powerful; almighty. [Obs.]
Udall.
Al*might"i*ly, adv. With almighty
power.
Al*might"i*ness, n. Omnipotence;
infinite or boundless power; unlimited might.
Jer. Taylor.
Al*might"y (#), a. [AS.
ealmihtig, \'91lmihtig; eal (OE.
al) ail + mihtig mighty.] 1.
Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful;
irresistible.
I am the Almighty God.
Gen. xvii. 1.
2. Great; extreme; terrible.
[Slang]
Poor Aroar can not live, and can not die, -- so that he is in
an almighty fix.
De Quincey.
The Almighty, the omnipotent God.
Rev. i. 8.
Alm"ner (#), n. An
almoner. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Alm"ond (#), n. [OE.
almande, almaunde, alemaunde, F.
amande, L. amygdala, fr. Gr. /: cf. Sp.
almendra. Cf. Amygdalate.] 1.
The fruit of the almond tree.
Amygdalus
communis, a native of the Mediterranean region and western
Asia.
2. The tree bears the fruit; almond tree.
3. Anything shaped like an almond. Specifically:
(Anat.) One of the tonsils.
Almond oil, fixed oil expressed from sweet or
bitter almonds. -- Oil of bitter almonds, a
poisonous volatile oil obtained from bitter almonds by maceration
and distillation; benzoic aldehyde. -- Imitation oil of
bitter almonds, nitrobenzene. -- Almond
tree (Bot.), the tree bearing the
almond. -- Almond willow (Bot.), a
willow which has leaves that are of a light green on both sides;
almond-leaved willow (Salix amygdalina).
Shenstone.
Al"mond fur`nace (#). [Prob. a corruption
of Almain furnace, i. e., German furnace. See
Almain.] A kind of furnace used in refining,
to separate the metal from cinders and other foreign
matter.
Chambers.
Al"mon*dine (#), n. See
Almandine
Al"mon*er (#), n. [OE.
aumener, aulmener, OF.
almosnier, aumosnier, F.
aum\'93nier, fr. OF. almosne, alms, L.
eleemosyna. See Alms.] One who
distributes alms, esp. the doles and alms of religious houses,
almshouses, etc.; also, one who dispenses alms for another, as
the almoner of a prince, bishop, etc.
Al"mon*er*ship, n. The office of an
almoner.
Al"mon*ry (#), n.; pl.
Almonries (#). [OF.
aumosnerie, F. aum\'93nerie, fr. OF.
aumosnier. See Almoner.] The place
where an almoner resides, or where alms are distributed.
Al"mose (#), n. Alms.
[Obs.]
Cheke.
Al"most (#), adv. [AS.
ealm\'91st, \'91lm\'91st, quite the most,
almost all; eal (OE. al) all +
m/st most.] Nearly; well nigh; all but;
for the greatest part.
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
Acts xxvi. 28.
Almost never, scarcely ever. --
Almost nothing, scarcely anything.
Alm"ry (#), n. See
Almonry. [Obs.]
Alms (#), n. sing. & pl. [OE.
almes, almesse, AS. \'91lmysse,
fr. L. eleemosyna, Gr. / mercy, charity, alms, fr.
/ to pity. Cf. Almonry, Eleemosynary.]
Anything given gratuitously to relieve the poor, as money,
food, or clothing; a gift of charity.
A devout man . . . which gave much alms to the
people.
Acts x. 2.
Alms are but the vehicles of prayer.
Dryden.
Tenure by free alms. See
Frankalmoign.
Blackstone.
alms is singular in its form
(almesse), and is sometimes so used; as, \'bdasked an
alms.\'b8 Acts iii. 3.\'bdReceived an
alms.\'b8 Shak. It is now, however, commonly
a collective or plural noun. It is much used in composition, as
almsgiver, almsgiving, alms bag,
alms chest, etc.
Alms"deed` (#), n. An act of
charity.
Acts ix. 36.
Alms"folk` (#), n. Persons
supported by alms; almsmen. [Archaic]
Holinshed.
Alms"giv`er (#), n. A giver of
alms.
Alms"giv`ing (#), n. The giving
of alms.
Alms"house` (#), n. A house
appropriated for the use of the poor; a poorhouse.
Alms"man (#), n.;
fem. Almswoman.
1. A recipient of alms.
Shak.
2. A giver of alms. [R.]
Halliwell.
Al`mu*can"tar (#), n. [F.
almucantarat, almicantarat, ultimately fr.
Ar. al-muqantar\'bet, pl., fr.
qantara to bend, arch.] (Astron.)
A small circle of the sphere parallel to the horizon; a
circle or parallel of altitude. Two stars which have the same
almucantar have the same altitude. See
Almacantar. [Archaic]
Almucanter staff, an ancient instrument,
having an arc of fifteen degrees, formerly used at sea to take
observations of the sun's amplitude at the time of its rising or
setting, to find the variation of the compass.
Al"muce (#), n. Same as
Amice, a hood or cape.
\'d8Al*mude" (#), n. [Pg.
almude, or Sp. almud, a measure of grain or
dry fruit, fr. Ar. al-mudd a dry
measure.] A measure for liquids in several countries.
In Portugal the Lisbon almude is about 4.4, and the Oporto almude
about 6.6, gallons U. S. measure. In Turkey the \'bdalmud\'b8 is
about 1.4 gallons.
{ Al"mug (#), Al"gum
(#), } n. [Heb., perh. borrowed
fr. Skr. valguka sandalwood.]
(Script.) A tree or wood of the Bible (2 Chron.
ii. 8; 1 K. x. 11).
W. Smith.
Al"nage (#), n., [OF.
alnage, aulnage, F. aunage, fr.
OF. alne ell, of Ger. origin: cf. OHG.
elina, Goth. aleina, cubit. See
Ell.] (O. Eng. Law) Measurement
(of cloth) by the ell; also, a duty for such measurement.
Al"na*ger (#), n. [See
Alnage.] A measure by the ell; formerly a
sworn officer in England, whose duty was to inspect act measure
woolen cloth, and fix upon it a seal.
Al"oe (#), n.; pl.
Aloes (#). [L. alo\'89,
Gr. /, aloe: cf. OF. aloe, F.
alo\'8as.] 1. pl. The
wood of the agalloch. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. (Bot.) A genus of succulent plants,
some classed as trees, others as shrubs, but the greater number
having the habit and appearance of evergreen herbaceous plants;
from some of which are prepared articles for medicine and the
arts. They are natives of warm countries.
3. pl. (Med.) The inspissated
juice of several species of aloe, used as a purgative.
[Plural in form but syntactically singular.]
American aloe, Century
aloe, the agave. See Agave.
Al"oes wood` (#). See
Agalloch.
Al`o*et"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
alo\'82tique.] Consisting chiefly of aloes;
of the nature of aloes.
Al`o*et"ic, n. A medicine containing
chiefly aloes.
A*loft" (?; 115), adv. [Pref.
a- + loft, which properly meant
air. See Loft.] 1. On
high; in the air; high above the ground. \'bdHe steers his
flight aloft.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Naut.) In the top; at the mast head,
or on the higher yards or rigging; overhead; hence (Fig. and
Colloq.), in or to heaven.
A*loft", prep. Above; on top of.
[Obs.]
Fresh waters run aloft the sea.
Holland.
A*lo"gi*an (#), n. [LL.
Alogiani, Alogii, fr. Gr. /; / priv. +
/ word.] (Eccl.) One of an ancient sect
who rejected St. John's Gospel and the Apocalypse, which speak of
Christ as the Logos.
Shipley.
Al"o*gy (#), n. [L.
alogia, Gr. /, fr. / priv. + / reason.]
Unreasonableness; absurdity. [Obs.]
Al"o*in (#), n. (Chem.)
A bitter purgative principle in aloes.
Al"o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr. /,
salt + -mancy: cf. F. alomancie,
halomancie.] Divination by means of
salt. [Spelt also halomancy.]
Morin.
A*lone" (#), a. [All
+ one. OE. al one all allone, AS. \'ben
one, alone. See All, One,
Lone.] 1. Quite by one's self; apart
from, or exclusive of, others; single; solitary; -- applied to a
person or thing.
Alone on a wide, wide sea.
Coleridge.
It is not good that the man should be alone.
Gen. ii. 18.
2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any
thing more or any one else; without a sharer; only.
Man shall not live by bread alone.
Luke iv. 4.
The citizens alone should be at the expense.
Franklin.
3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.]
God, by whose alone power and conversation we all
live, and move, and have our being.
Bentley.
4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless.
Shak.
alone commonly follows its
noun.
To let or leave
alone, to abstain from interfering with or
molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.
A*lone", adv. Solely; simply;
exclusively.
A*lone"ly, adv. Only; merely;
singly. [Obs.]
This said spirit was not given alonely unto him,
but unto all his heirs and posterity.
Latimer.
A*lone"ly, a. Exclusive.
[Obs.]
Fabyan.
A*lone"ness, n. A state of being alone,
or without company; solitariness. [R.]
Bp. Montagu.
A*long" (?; 115), adv. [OE.
along, anlong, AS. andlang,
along; pref. and- (akin to OFris.
ond-, OHG. ant-, Ger. ent-,
Goth. and-, anda-, L. ante, Gr.
/, Skr. anti, over against) + lang long.
See Long.] 1. By the length; in a
line with the length; lengthwise.
Some laid along . . . on spokes of wheels are
hung.
Dryden.
2. In a line, or with a progressive motion; onward;
forward.
We will go along by the king's highway.
Numb. xxi. 22.
He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
And chased us south along.
Coleridge.
3. In company; together.
He to England shall along with you.
Shak.
All along, all trough the course of; during
the whole time; throughout. \'bdI have all along
declared this to be a neutral paper.\'b8 Addison. --
To get along, to get on; to make progress, as in
business. \'bdShe 'll get along in heaven better than
you or I.\'b8 Mrs. Stowe.
A*long", prep. By the length of, as
distinguished from across. \'bdAlong
the lowly lands.\'b8
Dryden.
The kine . . . went along the highway.
1 Sam. vi. 12.
A*long". [AS. gelang owing to.]
(Now heard only in the prep. phrase along
of.)
Along of, Along on, often
shortened to Long of, prep. phr.,
owing to; on account of. [Obs. or Low.
Eng.] \'bdOn me is not along thin evil
fare.\'b8 Chaucer. \'bdAnd all this is long of
you.\'b8 Shak. \'bdThis increase of price is all
along of the foreigners.\'b8 London
Punch.
A*long"shore` (#), adv. Along
the shore or coast.
A*long"shore`man (#), n. See
Longshoreman.
A*long"side` (#), adv. Along or
by the side; side by side with; -- often with of;
as, bring the boat alongside; alongside of
him; alongside of the tree.
A*longst" (?; 115), prep. & adv.
[Formed fr. along, like amongst fr.
among.] Along. [Obs.]
A*loof" (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Alewife.
A*loof", adv. [Pref. a- +
loof, fr. D. loef luff, and so meaning, as
a nautical word, to the windward. See Loof,
Luff.] 1. At or from a distance, but
within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.
Our palace stood aloof from streets.
Dryden.
2. Without sympathy; unfavorably.
To make the Bible as from the hand of God, and then to look at
it aloof and with caution, is the worst of all
impieties.
I. Taylor.
A*loof" (#), prep. Away from;
clear from. [Obs.]
Rivetus . . . would fain work himself aloof these
rocks and quicksands.
Milton.
A*loof"ness, n. State of being
aloof.
Rogers (1642).
The . . . aloofness of his dim forest life.
Thoreau.
{ \'d8Al`o*pe"ci*a (#),
A*lop"e*cy (#), } n. [L.
alopecia, Gr. /, fr. / fox, because loss of the
hair is common among foxes.] (med.) Loss of
the hair; baldness.
A*lop"e*cist (#), n. A
practitioner who tries to prevent or cure baldness.
A*lose" (#), v. t. [OE.
aloser.] To praise.
[Obs.]
A"lose (#), n. [F., fr. L.
alosa or alausa.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European shad (Clupea
alosa); -- called also allice shad or
allis shad. The name is sometimes applied to
the American shad (Clupea sapidissima). See
Shad.
\'d8Al`ou*atte" (#), n. [Of
uncertain origin.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
several species of howling monkeys of South America. See
Howler, 2.
A*loud" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + loud.] With a loud voice,
or great noise; loudly; audibly.
Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice.
Isa. lviii. 1.
A*low" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + low.] Below; in a lower
part. \'bdAloft, and then alow.\'b8
Dryden.
Alp (#), n. [L.
Alpes the Alps, said to be of Celtic origin; cf. Gael.
alp a high mountain, Ir. ailp any huge mass
or lump: cf. F. Alpes.] 1. A very
high mountain. Specifically, in the plural, the highest chain of
mountains in Europe, containing the lofty mountains of
Switzerland, etc.
Nor breath of vernal air from snowy alp.
Milton.
Hills peep o'er hills, and alps on alps
arise.
Pope.
2. Fig.: Something lofty, or massive, or very hard
to be surmounted.
Alps is sometimes used as
a singular. \'bdThe Alps doth spit.\'b8
Shak.
Alp, n. A bullfinch.
Rom. of R.
Al*pac"a (#), n. [Sp.
alpaca, fr. the original Peruvian name of the animal.
Cf. Paco.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
An animal of Peru (Lama paco), having long, fine,
wooly hair, supposed by some to be a domesticated variety of the
llama.
2. Wool of the alpaca.
3. A thin kind of cloth made of the wooly hair of
the alpaca, often mixed with silk or with cotton.
Al"pen (#), a. Of or pertaining
to the Alps. [R.] \'bdThe Alpen
snow.\'b8
J. Fletcher.
\'d8Al"pen*stock` (#), n. [G.;
Alp, gen. pl. Alpen + stock stick.]
A long staff, pointed with iron, used in climbing the
Alps.
Cheever.
Al*pes"trine (#), a. [L.
Alpestris.] Pertaining to the Alps, or
other high mountains; as, Alpestrine diseases,
etc.
Al"pha (#), n. [L.
alpha, Gr. 'a`lfa, from Heb.
\'beleph, name of the first letter in the alphabet,
also meaning ox.] The first letter in the
Greek alphabet, answering to A, and hence used to denote the
beginning.
In am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end,
the first and the last.
Rev. xxii. 13.
Formerly used also denote the chief; as, Plato was
the alpha of the wits.
Al"pha*bet (#), n. [L.
alphabetum, fr. Gr. / + /, the first two Greek
letters; Heb. \'beleph and beth: cf. F.
alphabet.] 1. The letters of a
language arranged in the customary order; the series of letters
or signs which form the elements of written language.
2. The simplest rudiments; elements.
The very alphabet of our law.
Macaulay.
Deaf and dumb alphabet. See
Dactylology.
Al"pha*bet, v. t. To designate by the
letters of the alphabet; to arrange alphabetically.
[R.]
Al`pha*bet*a"ri*an (#), n. A
learner of the alphabet; an abecedarian.
Abp. Sancroft.
{ Al`pha*bet"ic (#),
Al`pha*bet"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. alphab\'82tique.] 1.
Pertaining to, furnished with, expressed by, or in the order
of, the letters of the alphabet; as, alphabetic
characters, writing, languages, arrangement.
2. Literal. [Obs.]
\'bdAlphabetical servility.\'b8
Milton.
Al`pha*bet"ic*al*ly, adv. In an
alphabetic manner; in the customary order of the letters.
Al`pha*bet"ics (#), n. The
science of representing spoken sounds by letters.
Al"pha*bet*ism (#), n. The
expression of spoken sounds by an alphabet.
Encyc. Brit.
Al"pha*bet*ize (#), v. t.
1. To arrange alphabetically; as, to
alphabetize a list of words.
2. To furnish with an alphabet.
Al-phit"o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ barley meal + -mancy: cf. F.
alphitomancie.] Divination by means of
barley meal.
Knowles.
<-- p. 44 -->
Al*phon"sine (#), a. Of or
relating to Alphonso X., the Wise, King of Castile
(1252-1284).
Alphonsine tables, astronomical tables
prepared under the patronage of Alphonso the Wise.
Whewell.
Al"pi*gene (#), a. [L.
Alpes Alps + -gen.] Growing in
Alpine regions.
Al"pine (#), a. [L.
Alpinus, fr. Alpes the Alps: cf. F.
Alpin.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
Alps, or to any lofty mountain; as, Alpine snows;
Alpine plants.
2. Like the Alps; lofty. \'bdGazing up an
Alpine height.\'b8
Tennyson.
Al"pin*ist (#), n. A climber of
the Alps.
{ Al"pist (#), Al"pi*a
(#), } n. [F.: cf. Sp. & Pg.
alpiste.] The seed of canary grass
(Phalaris Canariensis), used for feeding cage
birds.
\'d8Al"qui*fou (#), n. [Equiv.
to arquifoux, F. alquifoux, Sp.
alquif\'a2l, fr. the same Arabic word as
alcohol. See Alcohol.] A lead ore
found in Cornwall, England, and used by potters to give a green
glaze to their wares; potter's ore.
Al*read"y (#), adv.
[All (OE. al) +
ready.] Prior to some specified time,
either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.
\'bdJoseph was in Egypt already.\'b8
Exod. i. 5.
I say unto you, that Elias is come already.
Matt. xvii. 12.
already completed, or will have been
already completed.
Als (#), adv. 1.
Also. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. As. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Al*sa"tian (#), a. Pertaining
to Alsatia.
Al*sa"tian, n. An inhabitant of Alsatia
or Alsace in Germany, or of Alsatia or White Friars (a resort of
debtors and criminals) in London.
\'d8Al` se"gno (#). [It., to the mark or
sign.](Mus.) A direction for the performer
to return and recommence from the sign /.
Al"sike (#), n. [From
Alsike, in Sweden.] A species of clover
with pinkish or white flowers; Trifolium
hybridum.
Al"so (#), adv. & conj.
[All + so. OE. al so, AS.
ealsw\'be, alsw/, \'91lsw\'91;
eal, al, \'91l, all +
sw\'be so. See All, So,
As.] 1. In like manner;
likewise. [Obs.]
2. In addition; besides; as well; further;
too.
Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven . . . for where your
treasure is, there will your heart be also.
Matt. vi. 20.
3. Even as; as; so. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Also, Likewise,
Too. These words are used by way of
transition, in leaving one thought and passing to
another. Also is the widest term. It denotes that what
follows is all so, or entirely like that which
preceded, or may be affirmed with the same truth; as, \'bdIf you
were there, I was there also;\'b8 \'bdIf our situation
has some discomforts, it has also many sources of
enjoyment.\'b8 Too is simply less formal and pointed
than also; it marks the transition with a lighter
touch; as, \'bdI was there too;\'b8 \'bda courtier yet
a patriot too.\'b8 Pope. Likewise
denotes literally \'bdin like manner,\'b8 and hence has been
thought by some to be more specific than also. \'bdIt
implies,\'b8 says Whately, \'bdsome connection or agreement
between the words it unites. We may say, \'bf He is a poet, and
likewise a musician; ' but we should not say, \'bf He
is a prince, and likewise a musician,'
because there is no natural connection between these
qualities.\'b8 This distinction, however, is often
disregarded.
Alt (#), a. & n. [See
Alto.] (Mus.) The higher part of
the scale. See Alto.
To be in alt, to be in an exalted state of
mind.
Al*ta"ian (#), Al*ta"ic
(#), a. [Cf. F.
alta\'8bque.] Of or pertaining to the
Altai, a mountain chain in Central Asia.
Al"tar (#), n. [OE.
alter, auter, autier, fr. L.
altare, pl. altaria, altar, prob. fr.
altus high: cf. OF. alter,
autier, F. autel. Cf.
Altitude.] 1. A raised structure (as
a square or oblong erection of stone or wood) on which sacrifices
are offered or incense burned to a deity.
Noah builded an altar unto the Lord.
Gen. viii. 20.
2. In the Christian church, a construction of
stone, wood, or other material for the celebration of the Holy
Eucharist; the communion table.
Altar is much used adjectively, or as the
first part of a compound; as, altar bread or
altar-bread.
Altar cloth or Altar-cloth, the cover
for an altar in a Christian church, usually richly
embroidered. -- Altar cushion, a cushion laid
upon the altar in a Christian church to support the service
book. -- Altar frontal. See
Frontal. -- Altar rail, the railing
in front of the altar or communion table. -- Altar
screen, a wall or partition built behind an altar to
protect it from approach in the rear. -- Altar
tomb, a tomb resembling an altar in shape, etc. --
Family altar, place of family devotions. --
To lead (as a bride) to the altar, to marry; --
said of a woman.
Al"tar*age (#), n. [Cf. OF.
auterage, autelage.] 1.
The offerings made upon the altar, or to a church.
2. The profit which accrues to the priest, by
reason of the altar, from the small tithes.
Shipley.
Al"tar*ist (#), n. [Cf. LL.
altarista, F. altariste.] (Old
Law) (a) A chaplain. (b)
A vicar of a church.
Al"tar*piece` (#), n. The
painting or piece of sculpture above and behind the altar;
reredos.
Al"tar*wise` (#), adv. In the
proper position of an altar, that is, at the east of a church
with its ends towards the north and south.
Shipley.
Alt*az"i*muth (#), n.
[Alltude + azimuth.]
(Astron.) An instrument for taking azimuths and
altitudes simultaneously.
Al"ter (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Altered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Altering.] [F. alt\'82rer,
LL. alterare, fr. L. alter other,
alius other. Cf. Else, Other.]
1. To make otherwise; to change in some respect,
either partially or wholly; to vary; to modify. \'bdTo
alter the king's course.\'b8 \'bdTo alter
the condition of a man.\'b8 \'bdNo power in Venice can
alter a decree.\'b8
Shak.
It gilds all objects, but it alters none.
Pope.
My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing
that is gone out of my lips.
Ps. lxxxix. 34.
2. To agitate; to affect mentally.
[Obs.]
Milton.
3. To geld. [Colloq.]
Syn. -- Change, Alter.
Change is generic and the stronger term. It may
express a loss of identity, or the substitution of one thing in
place of another; alter commonly expresses a partial
change, or a change in form or details without destroying
identity.
Al"ter, v. i. To become, in some
respects, different; to vary; to change; as, the weather
alters almost daily; rocks or minerals alter by
exposure. \'bdThe law of the Medes and Persians, which
altereth not.\'b8
Dan. vi. 8.
Al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. alt\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality of
being alterable; alterableness.
Al"ter*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
alt\'82rable.] Capable of being
altered.
Our condition in this world is mutable and uncertain,
alterable by a thousand accidents.
Rogers.
Al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being alterable; variableness; alterability.
Al"ter*a*bly, adv. In an alterable
manner.
Al"ter*ant (#), a. [LL.
alterans, p. pr.: cf. F.
alt\'82rant.] Altering; gradually
changing.
Bacon.
Al"ter*ant, n. An alterative.
[R.]
Chambers.
Al`ter*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
alt\'82ration.] 1. The act of
altering or making different.
Alteration, though it be from worse to better, hath
in it incoveniences.
Hooker.
2. The state of being altered; a change made in the
form or nature of a thing; changed condition.
Ere long might perceive
Strange alteration in me.
Milton.
Appius Claudius admitted to the senate the sons of those who
had been slaves; by which, and succeeding alterations,
that council degenerated into a most corrupt.
Swift.
Al"ter*a*tive (#), a. [L.
alterativus: cf. F. alt\'82ratif.]
Causing ateration. Specifically: Gradually
changing, or tending to change, a morbid state of the functions
into one of health.
Burton.
Al"ter*a*tive, n. A medicine or
treatment which gradually induces a change, and restores healthy
functions without sensible evacuations.
Al"ter*cate (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Altercated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Altercating.] [L.
altercatus, p. p. of altercare,
altercari, fr. alter another. See
Alter.] The contend in words; to dispute with
zeal, heat, or anger; to wrangle.
Al`ter*ca"tion (?; 277), n. [F.
altercation, fr. L. altercatio.]
Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or
anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy contest. \'bdStormy
altercations.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Altercation, Dispute,
Wrangle. The term dispute is in
most cases, but not necessarily, applied to a verbal contest;
as, a dispute on the lawfulness of war. An
altercation is an angry dispute between two parties,
involving an interchange of severe language. A wrangle
is a confused and noisy altercation.
Their whole life was little else than a perpetual
wrangling and altercation.
Hakewill.
Al"ter*ca*tive (#), a.
Characterized by wrangling; scolding.
[R.]
Fielding.
Al*ter"i*ty (#), n. [F.
alt\'82rit\'82.] The state or quality of
being other; a being otherwise. [R.]
For outness is but the feeling of otherness
(alterity) rendered intuitive, or alterity
visually represented.
Coleridge.
Al"tern (#), a. [L.
alternus, fr. alter another: cf. F.
alterne.] Acting by turns; alternate.
Milton.
Altern base (Trig.), a second side
made base, in distinction from a side previously regarded as
base.
Al*ter"na*cy (#), n.
Alternateness; alternation. [R.]
Mitford.
Al*ter"nant (#), a. [L.
alternans, p. pr.: cf. F. alternant. See
Alternate, v. t.] (Geol.)
Composed of alternate layers, as some rocks.
Al*ter"nate (?; 277), a. [L.
alternatus, p. p. of alternate, fr.
alternus. See Altern, Alter.]
1. Being or succeeding by turns; one following the
other in succession of time or place; by turns first one and then
the other; hence, reciprocal.
And bid alternate passions fall and rise.
Pope.
2. Designating the members in a series, which
regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the
odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second;
as, the alternate members 1, 3, 5, 7, etc. ;
read every alternate line.
3. (Bot.) Distributed, as leaves, singly
at different heights of the stem, and at equal intervals as
respects angular divergence.
Gray.
Alternate alligation. See
Alligation. -- Alternate angles
(Geom.), the internal and angles made by two lines
with a third, on opposite sides of it. It the parallels AB, CD,
are cut by the line EF, the angles AGH, GHD, as also the angles
BGH and GHC, are called alternate angles. --
Alternate generation. (Biol.) See under
Generation.
Al*ter"nate (?; 277), n. 1.
That which alternates with something else;
vicissitude. [R.]
Grateful alternates of substantial.
Prior.
2. A substitute; one designated to take the place
of another, if necessary, in performing some duty.
3. (Math.) A proportion derived from
another proportion by interchanging the means.
Al"ter*nate (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Alternated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Alternating.] [L.
alternatus, p. p. of alternare. See
Altern.] To perform by turns, or in
succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange
regularly.
The most high God, in all things appertaining unto this life,
for sundry wise ends alternates the disposition of
good and evil.
Grew.
Al"ter*nate, v. i. 1. To
happen, succeed, or act by turns; to follow reciprocally in place
or time; -- followed by with; as, the flood and
ebb tides alternate with each other.
Rage, shame, and grief alternate in his breast.
J. Philips.
Different species alternating with each other.
Kirwan.
2. To vary by turns; as, the land
alternates between rocky hills and sandy
plains.
Al*ter"nate*ly (#), adv. 1.
In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate
order.
2. (Math.) By alternation; when, in a
proportion, the antecedent term is compared with antecedent, and
consequent.
Al*ter"nate*ness, n. The quality of
being alternate, or of following by turns.
Al`ter*na"tion (#), n. [L.
alternatio: cf. F. alternation.]
1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or
place; the act of following and being followed by turns;
alternate succession, performance, or occurrence; as, the
alternation of day and night, cold and heat, summer and
winter, hope and fear.
2. (Math.) Permutation.
3. The response of the congregation speaking
alternately with the minister.
Mason.
Alternation of generation. See under
Generation.
Al*ter"na*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
alternatif.] 1. Offering a choice
of two things.
2. Disjunctive; as, an alternative
conjunction.
3. Alternate; reciprocal. [Obs.]
Holland.
Al*ter"na*tive, n. [Cf. F.
alternative, LL. alternativa.]
1. An offer of two things, one of which may be
chosen, but not both; a choice between two things, so that if one
is taken, the other must be left.
There is something else than the mere alternative
of absolute destruction or unreformed existence.
Burke.
2. Either of two things or propositions offered to
one's choice. Thus when two things offer a choice of
one only, the two things are called
alternatives.
Having to choose between two alternatives, safety
and war, you obstinately prefer the worse.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
3. The course of action or the thing offered in
place of another.
If this demand is refused the alternative is
war.
Lewis.
With no alternative but death.
Longfellow.
4. A choice between more than two things; one of
several things offered to choose among.
My decided preference is for the fourth and last of th//
alternatives.
Gladstone.
Al*ter"na*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of
alternatives, or that admits the choice of one out of two
things.
Al*ter"na*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being alternative, or of offering a choice between two.
Al*ter"ni*ty (#), n. [LL.
alternitas.] Succession by turns;
alternation. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ \'d8Al*th\'91"a, \'d8Al*the"a }
(#), n. [althaea, Gr. /.]
(Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the
Mallow family. It includes the officinal marsh mallow, and the
garden hollyhocks. (b) An ornamental shrub
(Hibiscus Syriacus) of the Mallow family.
Al*the"ine (#), n.
(Chem.) Asparagine.
Al*tho" (#), conj.
Although. [Reformed spelling]
Alt"horn` (#), n. [Alt +
horn.] (Mus.) An instrument of
the saxhorn family, used exclusively in military music, often
replacing the French horn.
Grove.
Al*though" (#), conj.
[All + though; OE. al
thagh.] Grant all this; be it that; supposing
that; notwithstanding; though.
Although all shall be offended, yet will no I.
Mark xiv. 29.
Syn. -- Although, Though.
Although, which originally was perhaps more emphatic
than though, is now interchangeable with it in the
sense given above. Euphonic consideration determines the
choice.
Al*til"o*quence (#), n. Lofty
speech; pompous language. [R.]
Bailey.
Al*til"o*quent (#), a. [L.
altus (adv. alte) high +
loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]
High-sounding; pompous in speech. [R.]
Bailey.
Al*tim"e*ter (#), n. [LL.
altimeter; altus high + metrum,
Gr. /, measure: cf. F. altim\'8atre.] An
instrument for taking altitudes, as a quadrant, sextant,
etc.
Knight.
Al*tim"e*try (#), n. [Cf. F.
altim\'82trie.] The art of measuring
altitudes, or heights.
Al*tin"car (#), n. See
Tincal.
Al"ti*scope (#), n. [L.
altus high + Gr. / to view.] An
arrangement of lenses and mirrors which enables a person to see
an object in spite of intervening objects.
<-- p. 45 -->
Al*tis"o*nant (#), a. [L.
altus high + sonans, p. pr. of
sonare to sound.] High-sounding; lofty or
pompous.
Skelton.
Al*tis"o*nous (#), a. [L.
altisonus.] Altisonant.
\'d8Al*tis"si*mo (#), n. [It.;
superl. of alto.] (Mus.) The
part or notes situated above F in alt.
Al"ti*tude (#), n. [L.
altitudo, fr. altus high. Cf.
Altar, Haughty, Enhance.]
1. Space extended upward; height; the perpendicular
elevation of an object above its foundation, above the ground, or
above a given level, or of one object above another; as, the
altitude of a mountain, or of a bird above the top of a
tree.
2. (Astron.) The elevation of a point,
or star, or other celestial object, above the horizon, measured
by the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between such point
and the horizon. It is either true or
apparent; true when measured from the
rational or real horizon, apparent when
from the sensible or apparent horizon.
3. (Geom.) The perpendicular distance
from the base of a figure to the summit, or to the side parallel
to the base; as, the altitude of a triangle,
pyramid, parallelogram, frustum, etc.
4. Height of degree; highest point or degree.
He is [proud] even to the altitude of his
virtue.
Shak.
5. Height of rank or excellence; superiority.
Swift.
6. pl. Elevation of spirits; heroics;
haughty airs. [Colloq.]
Richardson.
The man of law began to get into his altitude.
Sir W. Scott.
Meridian altitude, an arc of the meridian
intercepted between the south point on the horizon and any point
on the meridian. See Meridian, 3.
Al`ti*tu"di*nal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to height; as, altitudinal
measurements.
Al`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an (#), a.
Lofty in doctrine, aims, etc. [R.]
Coleridge.
Al*tiv"o*lant (#), a. [L.
altivolans. See Volant.] Flying
high. [Obs.]
Blount.
Al"to (#), n.; pl.
Altos (#). [It. alto
high, fr. L. altus. Cf. Alt.]
1. (Mus.) Formerly the part sung by the
highest male, or counter-tenor, voices; now the part sung by the
lowest female, or contralto, voices, between in tenor and
soprano. In instrumental music it now signifies the
tenor.
2. An alto singer.
Alto clef (Mus.) the counter-tenor
clef, or the C clef, placed so that the two strokes include the
middle line of the staff.
Moore.
Al`to*geth"er (#), adv.
[OE. altogedere; al all +
togedere together. See Together.]
1. All together; conjointly.
[Obs.]
Altogether they wen/ at once.
Chaucer.
2. Without exception; wholly; completely.
Every man at his best state is altogether
vanity.
Ps. xxxix. 5.
Al*tom"e*ter (#), n. [L.
altus high + -meter.] A
theodolite.
Knight.
Al"to-re*lie"vo (#), n.
Alto-rilievo.
\'d8Al"to-ri*lie*vo (#), n.;
pl. Alto-rilievos (#).
[It.] (Sculp.) High relief; sculptured
work in which the figures project more than half their thickness;
as, this figure is an alto-rilievo or in
alto-rilievo.
mezzo-rilievo, demi-rilievo, or medium
relief; when its projection is less than one half,
basso-rilievo, bas-relief, or low
relief.
Al"tri*cal (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like the articles.
\'d8Al*tri"ces (#), n. pl. [L.,
nourishes, pl. of altrix.] (Zo\'94l.)
Nursers, -- a term applied to those birds whose young are
hatched in a very immature and helpless condition, so as to
require the care of their parents for some time; -- opposed to
pr\'91coces.
Al"tru*ism (#), n. [F.
altruisme (a word of Comte's), It. altrui
of or to others, fr. L. alter another.]
Regard for others, both natural and moral; devotion to the
interests of others; brotherly kindness; -- opposed to
egoism or selfishness.
[Recent]
J. S. Mill.
Al"tru*ist, n. One imbued with altruism;
-- opposed to egoist.
Al`tru*is"tic (#), a. [Cf. F.
altruiste, a. See Altruism..]
Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish; -- opposed to
egoistic or selfish. Bain.
-- Al`tru*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Al"u*del (#), n. [F. & Sp.
aludel, fr. Ar. aluth\'bel.]
(Chem.) One of the pear-shaped pots open at both
ends, and so formed as to be fitted together, the neck of one
into the bottom of another in succession; -- used in the process
of sublimation.
Ure.
\'d8Al"u*la (#), n. [NL., dim.
of L. ala a wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A
false or bastard wing. See under Bastard.
Al"u*lar (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the alula.
Al"um (#), n. [OE.
alum, alom, OF. alum, F.
alun, fr. L. alumen alum.]
(Chem.) A double sulphate formed of aluminium and
some other element (esp. an alkali metal) or of aluminium. It has
twenty-four molecules of water of crystallization.
alum is the double sulphate of
aluminium and potassium. It is white, transparent, very
astringent, and crystallizes easily in octahedrons. The term is
extended so as to include other double sulphates similar to alum
in formula.
Al"um (#), v. t. To steep in,
or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with
alum.
Ure.
\'d8A*lu"men (#), n. [L.]
(Chem.) Alum.
A*lu"mi*na (#), n. [L.
alumen, aluminis. See Alum.]
(Chem.) One of the earths, consisting of two
parts of aluminium and three of oxygen,
Al2O3.
<-- obtained commercially from the mineral bauxite, mined in
large quantities. -->
A*lu`mi*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound formed from the hydrate of
aluminium by the substitution of a metal for the hydrogen.
A*lu"mi*na`ted (#). a. Combined
with alumina.
Al"u*mine (#), n. [F.]
Alumina.
Davy.
Al`u*min"ic (#), a. Of or
containing aluminium; as, aluminic
phosphate.
A*lu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
alumen alum + -ferous: cf. F.
aluminif\'8are.] Containing alum.
A*lu"mi*ni*form (#), a. [L.
alumen + -form.] pertaining the form of
alumina.
Al`u*min"i*um (#), n. [L.
alumen. See Alum.] (Chem.)
The metallic base of alumina. This metal is white, but with
a bluish tinge, and is remarkable for its resistance to
oxidation, and for its lightness, pertaining a specific gravity
of about 2.6. Atomic weight 27.08. Symbol Al.
Aluminium bronze or gold,
a pale gold-colored alloy of aluminium and copper, used for
journal bearings, etc.
A*lu"mi*nize (#), v. t. To
treat impregnate with alum; to alum.
A*lu"mi*nous (#), a. [L.
aluminosus, fr. alumen alum: cf. F.
alumineux.] Pertaining to or containing
alum, or alumina; as, aluminous minerals,
aluminous solution.
A*lu"mi*num (#), n. See
Aluminium.
Al"um*ish (#), a. Somewhat like
alum.
\'d8A*lum"na (#), n. fem.; pl.
Alumn\'91 (#) . [L. See
Alumnus.] A female pupil; especially, a
graduate of a school or college.
\'d8A*lum"nus (#), n.; pl.
Alumni (#). [L., fr.
alere to nourish.] A pupil; especially, a
graduate of a college or other seminary of learning.
Al"um root` (#). (Bot.) A North
American herb (Heuchera Americana) of the Saxifrage
family, whose root has astringent properties.
{ Al"um schist" (#), Al"um shale"
(#), } (Min.) A variety of shale
or clay slate, containing iron pyrites, the decomposition of
which leads to the formation of alum, which often effloresces on
the rock.
Al"um stone` (#). (Min.) A
subsulphate of alumina and potash; alunite.
Al"u*nite (#), n. (Min.)
Alum stone.
A*lu"no*gen (#), n. [F.
alun alum + -gen.] (Min.)
A white fibrous mineral frequently found on the walls of
mines and quarries, chiefly hydrous sulphate of alumina; -- also
called feather alum, and hair salt.
Al"ure (#), n. [OF.
alure, aleure, walk, gait, fr.
aler (F. aller) to go.] A walk
or passage; -- applied to passages of various kinds.
The sides of every street were covered with fresh
alures of marble.
T. Warton.
Al"u*ta"ceous (#), a. [L.
alutacius, fr. aluta soft leather.]
1. Leathery.
2. Of a pale brown color; leather-yellow.
Brande.
Al`u*ta"tion (#), n. [See
Alutaceous.] The tanning or dressing of
leather. [Obs.]
Blount.
Al"ve*a*ry (#), n.; pl.
Alvearies (#). [L.
alvearium, alveare, beehive, fr.
alveus a hollow vessel, beehive, from alvus
belly, beehive.] 1. A beehive, or something
resembling a beehive.
Barret.
2. (Anat.) The hollow of the external
ear.
Quincy.
Al"ve*a`ted (#), a. [L.
alveatus hollowed out.] Formed or vaulted
like a beehive.
Al"ve*o*lar (?; 277), a. [L.
alveolus a small hollow or cavity: cf. F.
alv\'82olaire.] (Anat.) Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, alveoli or little cells, sacs, or
sockets.
Alveolar processes, the processes of the
maxillary bones, containing the sockets of the teeth.
Al"ve*o*la*ry (#), a.
Alveolar. [R.]
Al"ve*o*late (#), a. [L.
alveolatus, fr. alveolus.]
(Bot.) Deeply pitted, like a honeycomb.
Al"ve*ole (#), n. Same as
Alveolus.
Al*ve"o*li*form (#), a. [L.
alvelous + -form.] Having the form of
alveoli, or little sockets, cells, or cavities.
\'d8Al*ve"o*lus (#), n.; pl.
Alveoli (#). [L., a small hollow
or cavity, dim. of alveus: cf. F.
alv\'82ole. See Alveary.] 1.
A cell in a honeycomb.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small cavity in a coral,
shell, or fossil
3. (Anat.) A small depression, sac, or
vesicle, as the socket of a tooth, the air cells of the lungs,
the ultimate saccules of glands, etc.
\'d8Al"ve*us (#), n.; pl.
Alvei (#). [L.] The
channel of a river.
Weate.
Al"vine (#), a. [L.
alvus belly: cf. F. alvin.] Of,
from, in, or pertaining to, the belly or the intestines; as,
alvine discharges; alvine
concretions.
Al"way (#), adv. Always.
[Archaic or Poetic]
I would not live alway.
Job vii. 16.
Al"ways (#), adv.
[All + way. The s is an
adverbial (orig. a genitive) ending.] 1. At
all times; ever; perpetually; throughout all time; continually;
as, God is always the same.
Even in Heaven his [Mammon's] looks and thoughts.
Milton.
2. Constancy during a certain period, or regularly
at stated intervals; invariably; uniformly; -- opposed to
sometimes or occasionally.
He always rides a black galloway.
Bulwer.
\'d8A*lys"sum (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /, name of a plant, perh. fr. / priv. + / raging
madness.] (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous
plants; madwort. The sweet alyssum (A.
maritimum), cultivated for bouquets, bears small, white,
sweet-scented flowers.
Am (#). [AS. am,
eom, akin to Gothic im, Icel.
em, Olr. am, Lith. esmi, L.
sum., Gr. /, Zend ahmi, Skr.
asmi, fr. a root as to be. /. See
Are, and cf. Be, Was.] The
first person singular of the verb be, in the
indicative mode, present tense. See Be.
God said unto Moses, I am that am.
Exod. iii. 14.
Am`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
amabilitas.] Lovableness.
Jer. Taylor.
Amiability.\'b8
Am`a*crat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
together + / power.] (Photog.)
Amasthenic.
Sir J. Herschel.
\'d8Am`a*da*vat" (#), n.
[Indian name. From Ahmedabad, a city from which
it was imported to Europe.] (Zo\'94l.) The
strawberry finch, a small Indian song bird (Estrelda
amandava), commonly caged and kept for fighting. The female
is olive brown; the male, in summer, mostly crimson; -- called
also red waxbill. [Written also
amaduvad and avadavat.]
Am"a*dou (#), n. [F.
amadou tinder, prop. lure, bait, fr.
amadouer to allure, caress, perh. fr. Icel.
mata to feed, which is akin to E.
meat.] A spongy, combustible substance,
prepared from fungus (Boletus and
Polyporus) which grows on old trees; German tinder;
punk. It has been employed as a styptic by surgeons, but its
common use is as tinder, for which purpose it is prepared by
soaking it in a strong solution of niter.
Ure.
A*main" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + main. See 2d Main,
n.] 1. With might; with full
force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly.
They on the hill, which were not yet come to blows, perceiving
the fewness of their enemies, came down amain.
Milton.
That striping giant, ill-bred and scoffing, shouts
amain.
T. Parker.
2. At full speed; in great haste; also, at
once. \'bdThey fled amain.\'b8
Holinshed.
A*main", v. t. [F. amener.
See Amenable.] (Naut.) To lower,
as a sail, a yard, etc.
A*main", v. i. (Naut.) To
lower the topsail, in token of surrender; to yield.
A*mal"gam (#), n. [F.
amalgame, prob. fr. L. malagma, Gr. /,
emollient, plaster, poultice, fr. / to make soft, fr. /
soft.] 1. An alloy of mercury with another
metal or metals; as, an amalgam of tin, bismuth,
etc.
2. A mixture or compound of different things.
3. (Min.) A native compound of mercury
and silver.
A*mal"gam, v. t. / i. [Cf. F.
amalgamer] To amalgamate.
Boyle. B. Jonson.
\'d8A*mal"ga*ma (#), n. Same as
Amalgam.
They divided this their amalgama into a number of
incoherent republics.
Burke.
A*mal"ga*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amalgamated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amalgamating.]
1. To compound or mix, as quicksilver, with another
metal; to unite, combine, or alloy with mercury.
2. To mix, so as to make a uniform compound; to
unite or combine; as, to amalgamate two races; to
amalgamate one race with another.
Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal virtues compacted
and amalgamated into one.
Burke.
A*mal"ga*mate, v. i. 1. To
unite in an amalgam; to blend with another metal, as
quicksilver.
2. To coalesce, as a result of growth; to combine
into a uniform whole; to blend; as, two organs or parts
amalgamate.
{ A*mal"ga*mate (#),
A*mal"ga*ma`ted (#), } a.
Coalesced; united; combined.
A*mal`ga*ma"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. amalgamation.] 1. The act or
operation of compounding mercury with another metal; -- applied
particularly to the process of separating gold and silver from
their ores by mixing them with mercury.
Ure.
2. The mixing or blending of different elements,
races, societies, etc.; also, the result of such combination or
blending; a homogeneous union.
Macaulay.
A*mal"ga*ma*tive (#), a.
Characterized by amalgamation.
A*mal"ga*ma`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, amalgamates. Specifically: A machine for
separating precious metals from earthy particles by bringing them
in contact with a body of mercury with which they form an
amalgam.
A*mal"ga*mize (#), v. t. To
amalgamate. [R.]
A*man"dine (#), n. [F.
amande almond. See Almond.] 1.
The vegetable casein of almonds.
2. A kind of cold cream prepared from almonds, for
chapped hands, etc.
A*man"i*tine (#), n. [Gr. / a
sort of fungus.] The poisonous principle of some
fungi.
A*man`u*en"sis (#), n.; pl.
Amanuenses (#). [L., fr.
a, ab + manus hand.]
A person whose employment is to write what another dictates,
or to copy what another has written.
\'d8A*mar"a*cus (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /.] A fragrant flower.
Tennyson.
Am"a*rant (#), n. Amaranth,
1. [Obs.]
Milton.
Am`a*ran*ta"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants of which the amaranth is the type.
Am"a*ranth (#), n. [L.
amarantus, Gr. /, unfading, amaranth; / priv. +
/ to quench, cause to wither, fr. a root meaning to die, akin
to E. mortal; -- so called because its flowers do not
soon wither: cf. F. amarante. The spelling with
th seems to be due to confusion with Gr. /
flower.] 1. An imaginary flower supposed
never to fade. [Poetic]
2. (Bot.) A genus of ornamental annual
plants (Amaranthus) of many species, with green,
purplish, or crimson flowers.
2. A color inclining to purple.
Am`a*ran"thine (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to amaranth.
\'bdAmaranthine bowers.\'b8
Pope.
<-- p. 46 -->
2. Unfading, as the poetic amaranth; undying.
They only amaranthine flower on earth
Is virtue.
Cowper.
3. Of a purplish color.
Buchanan.
{ Am`a*ran"thus (#), \'d8
Am`a*ran"tus (#), } n.
Same as Amaranth.
Am"a*rine (#), n. [L.
amarus bitter.] (Chem.) A
characteristic crystalline substance, obtained from oil of bitter
almonds.
A*mar"i*tude (#), n. [L.
amaritudo, fr. amarus bitter: cf. OF.
amaritude.] Bitterness.
[R.]
{ Am`a*ryl`li*da"ceous (#),
Am`a*ryl*lid"e*ous (#), } a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an order
of plants differing from the lily family chiefly in having the
ovary below the /etals. The narcissus and daffodil are members
of this family.
\'d8Am`a*ryl"lis (#), n. [L.
Amaryllis, Gr. /, /, the name of a country girl in
Theocritus and Virgil.] 1. A pastoral
sweetheart.
To sport with Amaryllis in the shade.
Milton.
2. (bot.) (a) A family of
plants much esteemed for their beauty, including the narcissus,
jonquil, daffodil, agave, and others. (b) A
genus of the same family, including the Belladonna lily.
A*mass" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amassed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amassing.] [F. ambusher, LL.
amassare; L. ad + massa lump, mass. See
Mass.] To collect into a mass or heap; to
gather a great quantity of; to accumulate; as, to
amass a treasure or a fortune; to amass words
or phrases.
The life Homer has been written by amassing all the
traditions and hints the writers could meet with.
Pope.
Syn. -- To accumulate; heap up; pile.
A*mass", n. [OF. amasse, fr.
ambusher.] A mass; a heap.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
A*mass"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being amassed.
A*mass"er (#), n. One who
amasses.
\'d8A`mas`sette" (#), n. [F.
See Amass.] An instrument of horn used for
collecting painters' colors on the stone in the process of
grinding.
A*mass"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
amassement.] An amassing; a heap collected;
a large quantity or number brought together; an
accumulation.
An amassment of imaginary conceptions.
Glanvill.
Am`as*then"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
together + / force.] (Photog.) Uniting
the chemical rays of light into one focus, as a certain kind of
lens; amacratic.
A*mate" (#), v. t. [OF.
amater, amatir.] To dismay; to
dishearten; to daunt. [Obs. or Archaic]
The Silures, to amate the new general, rumored the
overthrow greater than was true.
Milton.
A*mate", v. t. [Pref. a- +
mate.] To be a mate to; to match.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Am`a*teur" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
amator lover, fr. amare to love.]
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science
as to music or painting; esp. one who cultivates any study or
art, from taste or attachment, without pursuing it
professionally.
Am`a*teur"ish, a. In the style of an
amateur; superficial or defective like the work of an
amateur. -- Am`a*teur"ish*ly,
adv. -- Am`a*teur"ish*ness,
n.
Am"a*teur*ism (#), n. The
practice, habit, or work of an amateur.
Am"a*teur`ship, n. The quality or
character of an amateur.
Am"a*tive (#), a. [L.
amatus, p. p. of amare to love.]
Full of love; amatory.
Am"a*tive*ness, n. (Phren.)
The faculty supposed to influence sexual desire; propensity
to love.
Combe.
Am`a*to"ri*al (#), a. [See
Amatorious.] Of or pertaining to a lover or
to love making; amatory; as, amatorial
verses.
Am`a*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In an amatorial
manner.
Am`a*to"ri*an (#), a.
Amatory. [R.]
Johnson.
Am`a*to"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
amatorius, fr. amare to love.]
Amatory. [Obs.] \'bdAmatorious
poem.\'b8
Milton.
Am"a*to*ry (#), a. Pertaining
to, producing, or expressing, sexual love; as,
amatory potions.
\'d8Am`au*ro"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / dark, dim.] (Med.) A loss or
decay of sight, from loss of power in the optic nerve, without
any perceptible external change in the eye; -- called also
gutta serena, the \'bddrop
serene\'b8 of Milton.
Am`au*rot"ic (#), a. Affected
with amaurosis; having the characteristics of amaurosis.
A*maze" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amazed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Amazing.]
[Pref. a- + maze.] 1.
To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze.
[Obs.]
A labyrinth to amaze his foes.
Shak.
2. To confound, as by fear, wonder, extreme
surprise; to overwhelm with wonder; to astound; to astonish
greatly. \'bdAmazing Europe with her wit.\'b8
Goldsmith.
And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not
this the son of David?
Matt. xii. 23.
Syn. -- To astonish; astound; confound; bewilder; perplex;
surprise. -- Amaze, Astonish.
Amazement includes the notion of bewilderment of
difficulty accompanied by surprise. It expresses a state in which
one does not know what to do, or to say, or to think. Hence we
are amazed at what we can not in the least account
for. Astonishment also implies surprise. It expresses
a state in which one is stunned by the vastness or
greatness of something, or struck with some degree of horror, as
when one is overpowered by the /normity of an act, etc.
A*maze", v. i. To be astounded.
[Archaic]
B. Taylor.
A*maze", v. t. Bewilderment, arising
from fear, surprise, or wonder; amazement. [Chiefly
poetic]
The wild, bewildered
Of one to stone converted by amaze.
Byron.
A*maz"ed*ly (#), adv. In
amazement; with confusion or astonishment.
Shak.
A*maz"ed*ness, n. The state of being
amazed, or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder.
Bp. Hall.
A*maze"ful (#), a. Full of
amazement. [R.]
A*maze"ment (#), n. 1.
The condition of being amazed; bewilderment
[Obs.]; overwhelming wonder, as from surprise,
sudden fear, horror, or admiration.
His words impression left
Of much amazement.
Milton.
2. Frenzy; madness. [Obs.]
Webster (1661).
A*maz"ing (#), a. Causing
amazement; very wonderful; as, amazing
grace. -- A*maz"ing*ly,
adv.
Am"a*zon (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/.] 1. One of a fabulous race of female
warriors in Scythia; hence, a female warrior.
2. A tall, strong, masculine woman; a virago.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A name numerous species of
South American parrots of the genus Chrysotis
Amazon ant (Zo\'94l.), a species of
ant (Polyergus rufescens), of Europe and America. They
seize by conquest the larv\'91 and nymphs other species and make
slaves of them in their own nests.
Am`a*zo"ni*an (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to or resembling an Amazon; of masculine manners;
warlike.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the river Amazon in South
America, or to its valley.
{ Am"a*zon*ite (#), Am"a*zon
stone` (#), } n. [Named from
the river Amazon.] (Min.) A
variety of feldspar, having a verdigris-green color.
Amb-, Am*bi-. [L. prefix
ambi-, amb-, akin to Gr. /, Skr.
abhi, AS. embe, emb, OHG.
umbi, umpi, G. um, and also L.
ambo both. Cf. Amphi-, Both,
By.] A prefix meaning about,
around; -- used in words derived from the Latin.
\'d8Am*ba"ges (#), n. pl. [L.
(usually in pl.); pref. ambi-, amb- +
agere to drive: cf. F. ambage.]
A circuit; a winding. Hence: Circuitous way or proceeding;
quibble; circumlocution; indirect mode of speech.
After many ambages, perspicuously define what this
melancholy is.
Burton.
Am*bag"i*nous (#), a.
Ambagious. [R.]
Am*ba"gious (#), a. [L.
ambagiosus.] Circumlocutory;
circuitous. [R.]
Am*bag"i*to*ry (#), a.
Ambagious. [R.]
Am"bas*sade (#), Em"bas*sade
(#), n. [F. ambassade.
See Embassy.] 1. The mission of an
ambassador. [Obs.]
Carew.
2. An embassy. [Obs.]
Strype.
Am*bas"sa*dor (#), Em*bas"sa*dor
(#), n. [See
Embassador.] 1. A minister of the
highest rank sent a foreign court to represent there his
sovereign or country.
Ambassador are either ordinary
[or resident] or extraordinary, that is,
sent upon some special or unusual occasion or errand.
Abbott.
2. An official messenger and representative.
Am*bas`sa*do"ri*al (#), a. Of
or pertaining to an ambassador.
H. Walpole.
Am*bas`sa*dor*ship (#), n. The
state, office, or functions of an ambassador.
Am*bas"sa*dress (#), n. A
female ambassador; also, the wife of an ambassador.
Prescott.
Am"bas*sage (#), n. Same as
Embassage. [Obs. or R.]
Luke xiv. 32.
Am"bas*sy (#), n. See
Embassy, the usual spelling.
Helps.
Am"ber, n. [OE. aumbre, F.
ambre, Sp. \'a0mbar, and with the Ar.
article, al\'a0mbar, fr. Ar. 'anbar
ambergris.] 1. (Min.) A yellowish
translucent resin resembling copal, found as a fossil in alluvial
soils, with beds of lignite, or on the seashore in many places.
It takes a fine polish, and is used for pipe mouthpieces, beads,
etc., and as a basis for a fine varnish. By friction, it becomes
strongly electric.
2. Amber color, or anything amber-colored; a clear
light yellow; as, the amber of the sky.
3. Ambergris. [Obs.]
You that smell of amber at my charge.
Beau. & Fl.
4. The balsam, liquidambar.
Black amber, and old and popular name for
jet.
Am"ber, a. 1. Consisting of
amber; made of amber. \'bdAmber bracelets.\'b8
Shak.
2. Resembling amber, especially in color;
amber-colored. \'bdThe amber morn.\'b8
Tennyson.
Am"ber, v. t. [p. p. & p.
a. Ambered .] 1. To
scent or flavor with ambergris; as, ambered
wine.
2. To preserve in amber; as, an
ambered fly.
Am"ber fish (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
fish of the southern Atlantic coast (Seriola
Carolinensis.)
Am"ber*grease (#), n. See
Ambergris.
Am"ber*gris (#), n. [F.
ambre gris, i. e., gray amber; F. gris
gray, which is of German origin: cf. OS. gr\'8cs, G.
greis, gray-haired. See Amber.] A
substance of the consistence of wax, found floating in the Indian
Ocean and other parts of the tropics, and also as a morbid
secretion in the intestines of the sperm whale (Physeter
macrocephalus), which is believed to be in all cases its
true origin. In color it is white, ash-gray, yellow, or black,
and often variegated like marble. The floating masses are
sometimes from sixty to two hundred and twenty-five pounds in
weight. It is wholly volatilized as a white vapor at 212
Dana.
Am"ber seed` (#). Seed of the
Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet,
brought from Egypt and the West Indies, and having a flavor like
that of musk; musk seed.
Chambers.
Am"ber tree` (#). A species of
Anthospermum, a shrub with evergreen leaves, which,
when bruised, emit a fragrant odor.
Ambes"-as (#), n.
Ambs-ace. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Am"bi*dex"ter (#), a. [LL., fr.
L. ambo both + dexter right,
dextra (sc. manus) the right hand.]
Using both hands with equal ease.
Smollett.
Am`bi*dex"ter, n. 1. A person
who uses both hands with equal facility.
2. Hence; A double-dealer; one equally ready to act
on either side in party disputes.
The rest are hypocrites, ambidexters, so many
turning pictures -- a lion on one side, a lamb on the other.
Burton.
3. (Law) A juror who takes money from
both parties for giving his verdict.
Cowell.
Am"bi*dex*ter"i*ty (#), n.
1. The quality of being ambidex/rous; the faculty
of using both hands with equal facility. Hence: Versatility;
general readiness; as, ambidexterity of
argumentation.
Sterne.
Ignorant I was of the human frame, and of its latent powers,
as regarded speed, force, and ambidexterity.
De Quincey.
2. Double-dealing. (Law) A
juror's taking of money from the both parties for a
verdict.
Am`bi*dex"tral (#), a.
Pertaining equally to the right-hand side and the left-hand
side.
Earle.
Am`bi*dex"trous (#), a. 1.
Pertaining the faculty of using both hands with equal
ease.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Practicing or siding with both parties.
All false, shuffling, and ambidextrous
dealings.
L'Estrange.
Am"bi*dex"trous*ly, adv. In an
ambidextrous manner; cunningly.
Am`bi*dex"trous*ness (#), n.
The quality of being ambidextrous; ambidexterity.
Am"bi*ent (#), a. [L.
ambiens, p. pr. of ambire to go around;
amb- + ire to go.] Encompassing
on all sides; circumfused; investing.
\'bdAmbient air.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdAmbient clouds.\'b8 Pope.
Am"bi*ent, n. Something that surrounds
or invests; as, air . . . being a perpetual
ambient.
Sir H. Wotton.
Am*big"e*nous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + genus kind.] Of two
kinds. (Bot.) Partaking of two natures, as
the perianth of some endogenous plants, where the outer surface
is calycine, and the inner petaloid.
Am"bi*gu (#), n. [F., fr.
ambigu doubtful, L. ambiquus. See
Ambiguous.] An entertainment at which a
medley of dishes is set on at the same time.
Am`bi*gu"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Ambiguities (#). [L.
ambiguitas, fr. ambiguus: cf. F.
ambiguit\'82.] The quality or state of
being ambiguous; doubtfulness or uncertainty, particularly as to
the signification of language, arising from its admitting of more
than one meaning; an equivocal word or expression.
No shadow of ambiguity can rest upon the course to
be pursued.
I. Taylor.
The words are of single signification, without any
ambiguity.
South.
Am*big"u*ous (#), a. [L.
ambiguus, fr. ambigere to wander about,
waver; amb- + agere to drive.]
Doubtful or uncertain, particularly in respect to
signification; capable of being understood in either of two or
more possible senses; equivocal; as, an ambiguous
course; an ambiguous expression.
What have been thy answers? What but dark,
Ambiguous, and with double sense deluding?
Milton.
Syn. -- Doubtful; dubious; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct;
indeterminate; indefinite. See Equivocal.
Am*big"u*ous*ly, adv. In an ambiguous
manner; with doubtful meaning.
Am*big"u*ous*ness, n. Ambiguity.
Am`bi*le"vous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + laevus left.]
Left-handed on both sides; clumsy; -- opposed to
ambidexter. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Am*bil"o*quy (#), n. Doubtful
or ambiguous language. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am*bip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
ambo both + parere to bring forth.]
(Bot.) Characterized by containing the rudiments
of both flowers and leaves; -- applied to a bud.
Am"bit (#), n. [L.
ambitus circuit, fr. ambire to go around.
See Ambient.] Circuit or compass.
His great parts did not live within a small
ambit.
Milward.
Am*bi"tion (#), n. [F.
ambition, L. ambitio a going around,
especially of candidates for office is Rome, to solicit votes
(hence, desire for office or honor/ fr. ambire to go
around. See Ambient, Issue.] 1.
The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or
any other object of desire; canvassing. [Obs.]
[I] used no ambition to commend my deeds.
Milton.
2. An eager, and sometimes an inordinate, desire
for preferment, honor, superiority, power, or the attainment of
something.
Cromwell, I charge thee, fling a way ambition:
By that sin fell the angels.
Shak.
The pitiful ambition of possessing five or six
thousand more acres.
Burke.
Am*bi"tion, v. t. [Cf. F.
ambitionner.] To seek after ambitiously or
eagerly; to covet. [R.]
Pausanias, ambitioning the sovereignty of Greece,
bargains with Xerxes for his daughter in marriage.
Trumbull.
Am*bi"tion*ist, n. One excessively
ambitious. [R.]
Am*bi"tion*less, a. Devoid of
ambition.
Pollok.
Am*bi"tious (#), a. [L.
ambitiosus: cf. F. ambitieux. See
Ambition.] 1. Possessing, or
controlled by, ambition; greatly or inordinately desirous of
power, honor, office, superiority, or distinction.
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honorable man.
Shak.
2. Strongly desirous; -- followed by of
or the infinitive; as, ambitious to be or to do
something.
I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony.
Evelyn.
Studious of song, and yet ambitious not to sing in
vain.
Cowper.
3. Springing from, characterized by, or indicating,
ambition; showy; aspiring; as, an ambitious
style.
A giant statue . . .
Pushed by a wild and artless race,
From off wide, ambitious base.
Collins.
Am*bi"tious*ly, adv. In an ambitious
manner.
<-- p. 47 -->
Am*bi"tious*ness (#), n. The
quality of being ambitious; ambition; pretentiousness.
\'d8Am"bi*tus (#), n. [L. See
Ambit, Ambition.] 1. The
exterior edge or border of a thing, as the border of a leaf, or
the outline of a bivalve shell.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) A canvassing for
votes.
Am"ble (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ambled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ambling
(#).] [F. ambler to amble,
fr. L. ambulare to walk, in LL., to amble, perh. fr.
amb-, ambi-, and a root meaning to
go: cf. Gr. / to go, E. base. Cf.
Ambulate.] 1. To go at the easy gait
called an amble; -- applied to the horse or to its rider.
2. To move somewhat like an ambling horse; to go
easily or without hard shocks.
The skipping king, he ambled up and down.
Shak.
Sir, your wit ambles well; it goes easily.
Shak.
Am"ble, n. 1. A peculiar gait
of a horse, in which both legs on the same side are moved at the
same time, alternating with the legs on the other side.
\'bdA fine easy amble.\'b8
B. Jonson.
2. A movement like the amble of a horse.
Am"bler (#), n. A horse or a
person that ambles.
Am"bling*ly, adv. With an ambling
gait.
Am*blot"ic (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, fr. / an abortion.] Tending to cause
abortion.
Am"bly*gon (#), n. [Gr. /
obtuse + / angle: cf. F. amblygone.]
(Geom.) An obtuse-angled figure, esp. and
obtuse-angled triangle. [Obs.]
Am*blyg"o*nal (#), a.
Obtuse-angled. [Obs.]
Hutton.
{ \'d8Am`bly*o"pi*a (#),
Am"bly*o`py (#), } n.
[Gr. /; / blunt, dim + / eye: cf. F.
amblyopie.] (Med.) Weakness of
sight, without and opacity of the cornea, or of the interior of
the eye; the first degree of amaurosis.
Am"bly*op"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to amblyopy.
Quain.
\'d8Am*blyp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / blunt + /, /, foot.]
(Paleon.) A group of large, extinct, herbivorous
mammals, common in the Tertiary formation of the United
States.
\'d8Am"bo (#), n.; pl.
Ambos (#). [LL. ambo,
Gr. /, any rising, a raised stage, pulpit: cf. F.
ambon.] A large pulpit or reading desk, in
the early Christian churches.
Gwilt.
\'d8Am"bon (#), n. Same as
Ambo.
Am*boy"na wood (#). A beautiful mottled
and curled wood, used in cabinetwork. It is obtained from the
Pterocarpus Indicus of Amboyna, Borneo, etc.
Am"bre*ate (#), n.
(Chem.) A salt formed by the combination of
ambreic acid with a base or positive radical.
Am*bre"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to ambrein; -- said of a certain acid
produced by digesting ambrein in nitric acid.
Am"bre*in (#), n. [Cf. F.
ambr\'82ine. See Amber.]
(Chem.) A fragrant substance which is the chief
constituent of ambergris.
Am"brite (#), n. [From
amber.] A fossil resin occurring in large
masses in New Zealand.
Am"brose (#), n. A
sweet-scented herb; ambrosia. See Ambrosia, 3.
Turner.
Am*bro"sia (?; 277), n. [L.
ambrosia, Gr. /, properly fem. of /, fr. /
immortal, divine; / priv. + / mortal (because it was supposed
to confer immortality on those who partook of it). / stands for
/, akin to Skr. mrita, L. mortuus, dead,
and to E. mortal.] 1.
(Myth.) (a) The fabled food of the gods
(as nectar was their drink), which conferred immortality upon
those who partook of it. (b) An unguent of
the gods.
His dewy locks distilled ambrosia.
Milton.
2. A perfumed unguent, salve, or draught; something
very pleasing to the taste or smell.
Spenser.
3. Formerly, a kind of fragrant plant; now (Bot.),
a genus of plants, including some coarse and worthless weeds,
called ragweed, hogweed, etc.
Am"bro"si*ac (#), a. [L.
ambrosiacus: cf. F. ambrosiaque.]
Having the qualities of ambrosia; delicious.
[R.]\'bdAmbrosiac odors.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Am*bro"sial (#), a. [L.
ambrosius, Gr. /.] 1. Consisting
of, or partaking of the nature of, ambrosia; delighting the taste
or smell; delicious. \'bdAmbrosial food.\'b8
\'bdAmbrosial fragrance.\'b8
Milton.
2. Divinely excellent or beautiful.
\'bdShakes his ambrosial curls.\'b8
Pope.
Am*bro"sial*ly, adv. After the manner of
ambrosia; delightfully. \'bdSmelt
ambrosially.\'b8
Tennyson.
Am*bro"sian (#), a.
Ambrosial. [R.]
. Jonson.
Am*bro"sian, a. Of or pertaining to St.
Ambrose; as, the Ambrosian office, or ritual, a
formula of worship in the church of Milan, instituted by St.
Ambrose.
Ambrosian chant, the mode of signing or
chanting introduced by St. Ambrose in the 4th century.
Am"bro*sin (#), n. [LL.
Ambrosinus nummus.] An early coin struck by
the dukes of Milan, and bearing the figure of St. Ambrose on
horseback.
Am"bro*type (#), n. [Gr. /
immortal + -type.] (Photog.) A
picture taken on a place of prepared glass, in which the lights
are represented in silver, and the shades are produced by a dark
background visible through the unsilvered portions of the
glass.
Am"bry (#), n.; pl.
Ambries (#). [OE.
aumbry, almery, OF. almarie,
armarie, aumaire, F. armoire,
LL. armarium chest, cupboard, orig. a repository for
arms, fr. L. arama arms. The word has been confused
with almonry. See Armory.] 1.
In churches, a kind of closet, niche, cupboard, or locker
for utensils, vestments, etc.
2. A store closet, as a pantry, cupboard,
etc.
3. Almonry. [Improperly so
used]
Ambs"-ace (#), n. [OF.
ambesas; ambes both (fr. L.
ambo) + as ace. See Ace.]
Double aces, the lowest throw of all at dice. Hence: Bad
luck; anything of no account or value.
Am`bu*la"cral (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to ambulacra;
avenuelike; as, the ambulacral ossicles, plates,
spines, and suckers of echinoderms.
Am`bu*la"cri*form (#), a.
[Ambulacrum + -form]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the form of ambulacra.
\'d8Am`bu*la"crum (#), n.; pl.
Ambulacra (#). [L., an alley or
covered way.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One
of the radical zones of echinoderms, along which run the
principal nerves, blood vessels, and water tubes. These zones
usually bear rows of locomotive suckers or tentacles, which
protrude from regular pores. In star fishes they occupy the
grooves along the under side of the rays. (b)
One of the suckers on the feet of mites.
Am"bu*lance (#), n. [F.
ambulance, h\'93pital ambulant, fr. L.
ambulare to walk. See Amble.]
(Mil.) (a) A field hospital, so
organized as to follow an army in its movements, and intended to
succor the wounded as soon as possible. Often used adjectively;
as, an ambulance wagon; ambulance
stretcher; ambulance corps. (b)
An ambulance wagon or cart for conveying the wounded from
the field, or to a hospital.
Am"bu*lant (#), a. [L.
ambulans, p. pr. of ambulare to walk: cf.
F. ambulant.] Walking; moving from place to
place.
Gayton.
Am"bu*late (#), v. i. [L.
ambulare to walk. See Amble.] To
walk; to move about. [R.]
Southey.
Am`bu*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ambulatio.] The act of walking.
Sir T. Browne.
Am"bu*la*tive (#), a.
Walking. [R.]
Am"bu*la`tor (#), n. 1.
One who walks about; a walker.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A beetle of
the genus Lamia. (b) A genus of
birds, or one of this genus.
3. An instrument for measuring distances; -- called
also perambulator.
Knight.
Am`bu*la*to"ri*al (#), a.
Ambulatory; fitted for walking.
Verrill.
Am"bu*la*to*ry (#), a. [L.
ambulatorius.] 1. Of or pertaining
to walking; having the faculty of walking; formed or fitted for
walking; as, an ambulatory animal.
2. Accustomed to move from place to place; not
stationary; movable; as, an ambulatory court, which
exercises its jurisdiction in different places.
The priesthood . . . before was very ambulatory,
and dispersed into all families.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Pertaining to a walk. [R.]
The princess of whom his majesty had an ambulatory
view in his travels.
Sir H. Wotton.
4. (Law) Not yet fixed legally, or
settled past alteration; alterable; as, the dispositions of a
will are ambulatory until the death of the
testator.
Am"bu*la*to*ry, n.; pl.
Ambulatories (#). [Cf. LL.
ambulatorium.] (Arch.) A place
to walk in, whether in the open air, as the gallery of a
cloister, or within a building.
Am"bur*ry (#), n. Same as
Anbury.
Am`bus*cade" (#), n. [F.
embuscade, fr. It. imboscata, or Sp.
emboscada, fr. emboscar to ambush, fr. LL.
imboscare. See Ambush, v.
t.] 1. A lying in a wood, concealed,
for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. Hence: A lying
in wait, and concealed in any situation, for a like purpose; a
snare laid for an enemy; an ambush.
2. A place in which troops lie hid, to attack an
enemy unexpectedly. [R.]
Dryden.
3. (Mil.) The body of troops lying in
ambush.
Am`bus*cade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Ambuscaded (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ambuscading (#).]
1. To post or conceal in ambush; to ambush.
2. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert
or lurking place; to waylay.
Am`bus*cade", v. i. To lie in
ambush.
Am`bus*ca"do (#), n.
Ambuscade. [Obs.]
Shak.
Am`bus*ca"doed (#), p. p.
Posted in ambush; ambuscaded. [Obs.]
Am"bush (#), n. [F.
emb\'96che, fr. the verb. See Ambush, v.
t.] 1. A disposition or arrangement of
troops for attacking an enemy unexpectedly from a concealed
station. Hence: Unseen peril; a device to entrap; a snare.
Heaven, whose high walls fear no assault or siege
Or ambush from the deep.
Milton.
2. A concealed station, where troops or enemies lie
in wait to attack by surprise.
Bold in close ambush, base in open field.
Dryden.
3. The troops posted in a concealed place, for
attacking by surprise; liers in wait. [Obs.]
The ambush arose quickly out of their place.
Josh. viii. 19.
To lay an ambush, to post a force in
ambush.
Am"bush (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ambushed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ambushing.] [OE. enbussen,
enbushen, OF. embushier,
embuissier, F. emb\'96cher,
embusquer, fr. LL. imboscare; in
+ LL. boscus, buscus, a wood; akin to G.
bush, E. bush. See Ambuscade,
Bu/h.] 1. To station in ambush
with a view to surprise an enemy.
By ambushed men behind their temple /ai/,
We have the king of Mexico betrayed.
Dryden.
2. To attack by ambush; to waylay.
Am"bush, v. i. To lie in wait, for the
purpose of attacking by surprise; to lurk.
Nor saw the snake that ambushed for his prey.
Trumbull.
Am"bush*er (#), n. One lying in
ambush.
Am"bush*ment (#), n. [OF.
embuschement. See Ambush, v.
t.] An ambush. [Obs.]
2 Chron. xiii. 13.
Am*bus"tion (?; 106), n. [L.
ambustio.] (Med.) A burn or
scald.
Blount.
Am`e*be"an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) See Am/bean.
A*meer", A*mir" (#),
n. [See Emir.] 1.
Emir. [Obs.]
2. One of the Mohammedan nobility of Afghanistan
and Scinde.
Am"el (#), n. [OE.
amell, OF. esmail, F. \'82mail,
of German origin; cf. OHG. smelzi, G.
schmelz. See Smelt, v. t.]
Enamel. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Am"el, v. t. [OE. amellen,
OF. esmailler, F. \'82mailler, OF.
esmail, F. \'82mail.] To
enamel. [Obs.]
Enlightened all with stars,
And richly ameled.
Chapman.
Am"el*corn` (#), n. [Ger.
amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer,
spelt, and L. amylum starch, Gr. /.] A
variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called also
French rice.
A*mel"io*ra*ble (#), a. Capable
of being ameliorated.
A*mel"io*rate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ameliorated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ameliorating.] [L. ad +
meliorare to make better: cf. F. am\'82liorer.
See Meliorate.] To make better; to improve;
to meliorate.
In every human being there is a wish to ameliorate
his own condition.
Macaulay.
A*mel"io*rate, v. i. To grow better; to
meliorate; as, wine ameliorates by age.
A*mel`io*ra"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. am\'82lioration.] The act of
ameliorating, or the state of being ameliorated; making or
becoming better; improvement; melioration.
\'bdAmelioration of human affairs.\'b8
J. S. Mill.
A*mel"io*ra*tive (#), a.
Tending to ameliorate; producing amelioration or
improvement; as, ameliorative remedies,
efforts.
A*mel"io*ra`tor (#), n. One who
ameliorates.
A`men" (?; 277), interj.,
adv., & n. [L. amen, Gr.
/, Heb. \'bem/n certainly, truly.] An
expression used at the end of prayers, and meaning, So be
it. At the end of a creed, it is a solemn asseveration of
belief. When it introduces a declaration, it is equivalent to
truly, verily. It is used as a noun, to
demote: (a) concurrence in belief, or in a statement;
assent; (b) the final word or act; (c) Christ
as being one who is true and faithful.
And let all the people say, Amen.
Ps. cvi. 48.
Amen, amen, I say to thee, except a man
be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.
John ii. 3. Rhemish Trans.
To say amen to, to approve warmly; to concur
in heartily or emphatically; to ratify; as, I say Amen
to all.
A`men", v. t. To say Amen to; to
sanction fully.
A*me`na*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amenable; amenableness.
Coleridge.
A*me"na*ble (#), a. [F.
amener to lead; / (L. ad) =
mener to lead, fr. L. minare to drive
animals (properly by threatening cries), in LL. to lead; L.
minari, to threaten, minae threats. See
Menace.] 1. (Old Law)
Easy to be led; governable, as a woman by her husband.
[Obs.]
Jacob.
2. Liable to be brought to account or punishment;
answerable; responsible; accountable; as, amenable
to law.
Nor is man too diminutive . . . to be amenable to
the divine government.
I. Taylor.
3. Liable to punishment, a charge, a claim,
etc.
4. Willing to yield or submit; responsive;
tractable.
Sterling . . . always was amenable enough to
counsel.
Carlyle.
A*me"na*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being amenable; liability to answer charges;
answerableness.
A*me"na*bly, adv. In an amenable
manner.
Am"e*nage (#), v. t. [OF.
amesnagier. See Manage.] To
manage. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Am"e*nance (#), n. [OF. See
Amenable.] Behavior; bearing.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*mend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amended; p. pr.
& vb. n. Amending.] [F.
amender, L. emendare;
e(ex) + mendum,
menda, fault, akin to Skr. minda personal
defect. Cf. Emend, Mend.] To change
or modify in any way for the better; as, (a)
by simply removing what is erroneous, corrupt, superfluous,
faulty, and the like; (b) by supplying
deficiencies; (c) by substituting something
else in the place of what is removed; to rectify.
Mar not the thing that can not be amended.
Shak.
An instant emergency, granting no possibility for revision, or
opening for amended thought.
De Quincey.
We shall cheer her sorrows, and amend her blood, by
wedding her to a Norman.
Sir W. Scott.
To amend a bill, to make some change in the
details or provisions of a bill or measure while on its passage,
professedly for its improvement.
<-- p. 48 -->
Syn. -- To Amend, Emend, Correct,
Reform, Rectify. These words
agree in the idea of bringing things into a more perfect state.
We correct (literally, make straight) when we conform
things to some standard or rule; as, to correct proof
sheets. We amend by removing blemishes, faults, or
errors, and thus rendering a thing more a nearly perfect; as, to
amend our ways, to amend a text, the draft
of a bill, etc. Emend is only another form of
amend, and is applied chiefly to editions of books,
etc. To reform is literally to form over again, or
put into a new and better form; as, to reform one's
life. To rectify is to make right; as, to
rectify a mistake, to rectify abuses,
inadvertencies, etc.
A*mend" (#), v. i. To grow
better by rectifying something wrong in manners or morals; to
improve. \'bdMy fortune . . . amends.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
A*mend"a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being amended; as, an amendable writ or
error. -- A*mend"a*ble*ness,
n.
A*mend"a*to*ry (#), a.
Supplying amendment; corrective; emendatory.
Bancroft.
\'d8A`mende" (#), n. [F. See
Amend.] A pecuniary punishment or fine; a
reparation or recantation.
Amende honorable(#). (Old French
Law) A species of infamous punishment in which the
offender, being led into court with a rope about his neck, and a
lighted torch in his hand, begged pardon of his God, the court,
etc. In popular language, the phrase now denotes a public apology
or recantation, and reparation to an injured party, for improper
language or treatment.
A*mend"er (#), n. One who
amends.
A*mend"ful (#), a. Much
improving. [Obs.]
A*mend"ment (#), n. [F.
amendement, LL. amendamentum.]
1. An alteration or change for the better;
correction of a fault or of faults; reformation of life by
quitting vices.
2. In public bodies; Any alternation made or
proposed to be made in a bill or motion by adding, changing,
substituting, or omitting.
3. (Law) Correction of an error in a
writ or process.
Syn. -- Improvement; reformation; emendation.
A*mends" (#), n. sing. & pl.
[F. amendes, pl. of amende. Cf.
Amende.] Compensation for a loss or injury;
recompense; reparation. [Now const. with sing.
verb.] \'bdAn honorable amends.\'b8
Addison.
Yet thus far fortune maketh us amends.
Shak.
A*men"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Amenities (#). [F.
am\'82nit\'82, L. amoenitas, fr.
amoenus pleasant.] The quality of being
pleasant or agreeable, whether in respect to situation, climate,
manners, or disposition; pleasantness; civility; suavity;
gentleness.
A sweetness and amenity of temper.
Buckle.
This climate has not seduced by its amenities.
W. Howitt.
\'d8A*men`or*rh\'d2"a (#), n.
[Gr. / priv. + / month + / to flow: cf. F.
am\'82norrh\'82e.] (Med.)
Retention or suppression of the menstrual discharge.
A*men`or*rh\'d2"al (#), a.
Pertaining to amenorrh\'d2a.
\'d8A men"sa et tho"ro (#). [L., from
board and bed.] (Law) A kind of divorce
which does not dissolve the marriage bond, but merely authorizes
a separate life of the husband and wife.
Abbott.
Am"ent (#), n. [L.
amentum thong or strap.] (Bot.)
A species of inflorescence; a catkin.
The globular ament of a buttonwood.
Coues.
Am`en*ta"ceous (#), a. [LL.
amentaceus.] (Bot.) (a)
Resembling, or consisting of, an ament or aments; as,
the chestnut has an amentaceous
inflorescence. (b) Bearing aments;
having flowers arranged in aments; as, amentaceous
plants.
\'d8A*men"ti*a (#), n.
[L.] (Med.) Imbecility; total want of
understanding.
Am`en*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
amentum + -ferous.] (Bot.)
Bearing catkins.
Balfour.
A*men"ti*form (#), a. [L.
amentum + -form.] (Bot.)
Shaped like a catkin.
\'d8A*men"tum (#), n.; pl.
Amenta (#). Same as
Ament.
Am"e*nuse (#), v. t. [OF.
amenuisier. See Minute.] To
lessen. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*merce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amerced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amercing.] [OF. amercier,
fr. a merci at the mercy of, liable to a punishment.
See Mercy.] 1. To punish by a
pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but
left to the discretion of the court; as, the amerced
the criminal in the sum on the hundred dollars.
in,
with, or of.
2. To punish, in general; to mulct.
Millions of spirits for his fault amerced
Of Heaven.
Milton.
Shall by him be amerced with penance due.
Spenser.
A*merce"a*ble (#), a. Liable to
be amerced.
A*merce"ment (#), n. [OF.
amerciment.] The infliction of a penalty at
the discretion of the court; also, a mulct or penalty thus
imposed. It differs from a fine,in that the latter is,
or was originally, a fixed and certain sum prescribed by statue
for an offense; but an amercement is arbitrary. Hence, the act or
practice of affeering. [See Affeer.]
Blackstone.
amerciament.
Amercement royal, a penalty imposed on an
officer for a misdemeanor in his office.
Jacobs.
A*mer"cer (#), n. One who
amerces.
A*mer"cia*ment (#), n. [LL.
amerciamentum.] Same as
Amercement.
Mozley & W.
A*mer"i*can (#), a. [Named from
Americus Vespucius.] 1. Of or
pertaining to America; as, the American continent:
American Indians.
2. Of or pertaining to the United States.
\'bdA young officer of the American navy.\'b8
Lyell.
American ivy. See Virginia
creeper. -- American Party (U. S.
Politics), a party, about 1854, which opposed the
influence of foreign-born citizens, and those supposed to owe
allegiance to a foreign power. -- Native american
Party (U. S. Politics), a party of
principles similar to those of the American party. It arose about
1843, but soon died out.
A*mer"i*can (#), n. A native of
America; -- originally applied to the aboriginal inhabitants, but
now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America, and
especially to the citizens of the United States.
The name American must always exalt the pride of
patriotism.
Washington.
A*mer"i*can*ism (#), n. 1.
Attachment to the United States.
2. A custom peculiar to the United States or to
America; an American characteristic or idea.
3. A word or phrase peculiar to the United
States.
A*mer`i*can*i*za"tion (#), n.
The process of Americanizing.
A*mer"i*can*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Americanizer
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Americanizing.] To render American; to
assimilate to the Americans in customs, ideas, etc.; to stamp
with American characteristics.
Ames"-ace (#), n. Same as
Ambs-ace.
Am"ess (#), n. (Eccl.)
Amice, a hood or cape. See 2d Amice.
\'d8Am`e*tab"o*la (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of insects
which do not undergo any metamorphosis. [Written
also Ametabolia.]
A*met`a*bo"li*an (#), a. [Gr.
/ unchangeable; / priv. + / changeable, / to
change.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
insects that do undergo any metamorphosis.
{ A*met`a*bol"ic (#),
Am`e*tab"o*lous, } a.
(Zo\'94l.) Not undergoing any metamorphosis;
as, ametabolic insects.
A*meth"o*dist (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + methodist.] One without
method; a quack. [Obs.]
Am"e*thyst (#), [F. ametiste,
amatiste, F. am\'82thyste, L.
amethystus, fr. Gr. / without drunkenness; as a
noun, a remedy for drunkenness, the amethyst, supposed to have
this power; / priv. + / to be drunken, / strong drink,
wine. See Mead.]
1. (Min.) A variety of crystallized
quartz, of a purple or bluish violet color, of different shades.
It is much used as a jeweler's stone.
Oriental amethyst, the violet-blue variety of
transparent crystallized corundum or sapphire.
2. (Her.) A purple color in a nobleman's
escutcheon, or coat of arms.
Am`e*thys"tine (#), a. [L.
amethystinus, Gr. /.] 1.
Resembling amethyst, especially in color; bluish
violet.
2. Composed of, or containing, amethyst.
\'d8Am`e*tro"pi*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ irregular + /, /, eye.] (Med.) Any
abnormal condition of the refracting powers of the eye. --
Am`e*trop"ic (#),
a.
Am*har"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Amhara, a division of Abyssinia; as, the
Amharic language is closely allied to the
Ethiopic. -- n. The Amharic
language (now the chief language of Abyssinia).
\'d8Am"i*a (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ a kind of tunny.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
fresh-water ganoid fishes, exclusively confined to North America;
called bowfin in Lake Champlain, dogfish in
Lake Erie, and mudfish in South Carolina, etc. See
Bowfin.
A`mi*a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amiable; amiableness; sweetness of
disposition.
Every excellency is a degree of amiability.
Jer. Taylor.
A"mi*a*ble (#), a. [F.
amiable, L. amicabilis friendly, fr.
amicus friend, fr. amare to love. The
meaning has been influenced by F. aimable, L.
amabilis lovable, fr. amare to love. Cf.
Amicable, Amorous, Amability.]
1. Lovable; lovely; pleasing. [Obs. or
R.]
So amiable a prospect.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an
amiable temper or mood; amiable
ideas.
3. Possessing sweetness of disposition; having
sweetness of temper, kind-heartedness, etc., which causes one to
be liked; as, an amiable woman.
4. Done out of love. [Obs.]
Lay an amiable siege to the honesty of this Ford's
wife.
Shak.
A`mi*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
amiable; amiability.
A"mi*a*bly, adv. In an amiable
manner.
Am"i*anth (#), n. See
Amianthus. [Poetic]
Am`i*an"thi*form (#), a.
[Amianthus + -form.]
Resembling amianthus in form.
Am`i*an"thoid (#), a.
[Amianthus + -oid: cf. F.
amianto\'8bde.] Resembling amianthus.
Am`i*an"thus (#), n. [L.
amiantus, Gr. / / (lit., unsoiled stone) a
greenish stone, like asbestus; / priv. + / to stain, to
defile; so called from its incombustibility.]
(Min.) Earth flax, or mountain flax; a soft silky
variety of asbestus.
Am"ic (#), a. [L.
ammonia + -ic.] (Chem.)
Related to, or derived, ammonia; -- used chiefly as a
suffix; as, amic acid; phosphamic
acid.
Amic acid (Chem.), one of a class
of nitrogenized acids somewhat resembling amides.
Am`i*ca*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amicable; friendliness; amicableness.
Ash.
Am"i*ca*ble (#), a. [L.
amicabilis, fr. amicus friend, fr.
amare to love. See Amiable.]
Friendly; proceeding from, or exhibiting, friendliness;
after the manner of friends; peaceable; as, an
amicable disposition, or arrangement.
That which was most remarkable in this contest was . . . the
amicable manner in which it was managed.
Prideoux.
Amicable action (Law.), an action
commenced and prosecuted by amicable consent of the parties, for
the purpose of obtaining a decision of the court on some matter
of law involved in it. Bouvier. Burrill.
-- Amicable numbers (Math.), two
numbers, each of which is equal to the sum of all the aliquot
parts of the other.
Syn. -- Friendly; peaceable; kind; harmonious.
-- Amicable, Friendly. Neither of these words
denotes any great warmth of affection, since friendly
has by no means the same strength as its noun
friendship. It does, however, imply something of real
cordiality; while amicable supposes very little more
than that the parties referred to are not disposed to quarrel.
Hence, we speak of amicable relations between two
countries, an amicable adjustment of difficulties.
\'bdThose who entertain friendly feelings toward each
other can live amicably together.\'b8
Am"i*ca*ble*ness (#), n. The
quality of being amicable; amicability.
Am"i*ca*bly, adv. In an amicable
manner.
Am"ice (#), n. [OE.
amyse, prob. for amyt, OF. amit,
ameit, fr. L. amictus cloak, the word being
confused with amice, almuce, a hood or
cape. See next word.] A square of white linen worn at
first on the head, but now about the neck and shoulders, by
priests of the Roman Catholic Church while saying Mass.
Am"ice, n. [OE. amuce,
amisse, OF. almuce, aumuce, F.
aumusse, LL. almucium, almucia,
aumucia: of unknown origin; cf. G. m\'81tze
cap, prob. of the same origin. Cf. Mozetta.]
(Eccl.) A hood, or cape with a hood, made of
lined with gray fur, formerly worn by the clergy; -- written also
amess, amyss, and almuce.
A*mid" (#), prep. See
Amidst.
Am"ide (?; 277), n.
[Ammonia + -ide.]
(Chem.) A compound formed by the union of
amidogen with an acid element or radical. It may also be regarded
as ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced
by an acid atom or radical.
Acid amide, a neutral compound formed by the
substitution of the amido group for hydroxyl in an
acid.
Am"i*din (#), n. [Cf. F.
amidine, fr. amido/ starch, fr. L.
amylum, Gr. / fine meal, neut. of / not ground at
the mill, -- hence, of the finest meal; / priv. + /, /,
mill. See Meal.] (Chem.) Start
modified by heat so as to become a transparent mass, like horn.
It is soluble in cold water.
A*mi"do (#), a. [From
Amide.] (Chem.) Containing, or
derived from, amidogen.
Amido acid, an acid in which a portion of the
nonacid hydrogen has been replaced by the amido group. The amido
acids are both basic and acid. -- Amido group,
amidogen, NH2.
A*mid"o*gen (#), n.
[Amide + -gen.]
(Chem.) A compound radical, NH2,
not yet obtained in a separate state, which may be regarded as
ammonia from the molecule of which one of its hydrogen atoms has
been removed; -- called also the amido group,
and in composition represented by the form
amido.
A*mid"ships (#), adv.
(Naut.) In the middle of a ship, with regard to
her length, and sometimes also her breadth.
Totten.
{ A*midst" (#), A*mid"
(#), } prep. [OE.
amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS.
on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the
middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally
marking the genitive; the t is a later addition, as in
whilst, amongst, alongst. See
Mid.] In the midst or middle of; surrounded
or encompassed by; among. \'bdThis fair tree
amidst the garden.\'b8 \'bdUnseen amid the
throng.\'b8 \'bdAmidst thick clouds.\'b8
Milton. \'bdAmidst acclamations.\'b8
\'bdAmidst the splendor and festivity of a court.\'b8
Macaulay.
But rather famish them amid their plenty.
Shak.
Syn. -- Amidst, Among. These
words differ to some extent from each other, as will be seen from
their etymology. Amidst denotes in the
midst or middle of, and hence surrounded by; as, this
work was written amidst many interruptions.
Among denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct
or separable objects; as, \'bdHe fell among
thieves.\'b8 \'bdBlessed art thou among women.\'b8
Hence, we say, among the moderns, among the
ancients, among the thickest of trees,
among these considerations, among the
reasons I have to offer. Amid and amidst
are commonly used when the idea of separate or distinguishable
objects is not prominent. Hence, we say, they kept on
amidst the storm, amidst the gloom, he was
sinking amidst the waves, he persevered
amidst many difficulties; in none of which cases could
among be used. In like manner, Milton speaks of
Abdiel, --
The seraph Abdiel, faithful found;
Among the faithless faithful only he,
because he was then considered as one of the angels. But when the
poet adds, --
From amidst them forth he passed,
we have rather the idea of the angels as a collective body.
Those squalid cabins and uncleared woods amidst
which he was born.
Macaulay.
Am"ine (?; 277), n.
[Ammonia + -ine.]
(Chem.) One of a class of strongly basic
substances derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more
hydrogen atoms by a basic atom or radical.
Am"i*oid (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the
Amioidei. -- n. One of the
Amioidei.
\'d8Am`i*oi"de*i (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Amia + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which
Amis is type. See Bowfin and Ganoidei.
\'d8A*mir" (#), n. Same as
Ameer.
A*miss" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + miss.] Astray; faultily;
improperly; wrongly; ill.
What error drives our eyes and ears amiss?
Shak.
Ye ask and receive not, because ye ask amiss.
James iv. 3.
To take (an act, thing)
amiss, to impute a wrong motive to (an act
or thing); to take offense at' to take unkindly; as, you must
not take these questions amiss.
<-- p. 49 -->
A*miss" (#), a. Wrong; faulty;
out of order; improper; as, it may not be amiss to
ask advice. [Used only in the predicate.]
Dryden.
His wisdom and virtue can not always rectify that which is
amiss in himself or his circumstances.
Wollaston.
A*miss", n. A fault, wrong, or
mistake. [Obs.]
Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss.
Shak.
A*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), [Cf. F.
amissibilit\'82. See Amit.] The
quality of being amissible; possibility of being lost.
[R.]
Notions of popular rights and the amissibility of
sovereign power for misconduct were alternately broached by the
two great religious parties of Europe.
Hallam.
A*mis"si*ble (#), a. [L.
amissibilis: cf. F. amissible.]
Liable to be lost. [R.]
A*mis"sion (#), n. [L.
amissio: cf. F. amission.]
Deprivation; loss. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
A*mit" (#), v. t. [L.
amittere, amissum, to lose; a
(ab) + mittere to send. See
Missile.] To lose. [Obs.]
A lodestone fired doth presently amit its proper
virtue.
Sir T. Browne.
Am"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Amities (#). [F.
amiti\'82, OF. amisti\'82,
amist\'82, fr. an assumed LL. amisitas, fr.
L. amicus friendly, from amare to love. See
Amiable.] Friendship, in a general sense,
between individuals, societies, or nations; friendly relations;
good understanding; as, a treaty of amity and
commerce; the amity of the Whigs and Tories.
To live on terms of amity with vice.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Harmony; friendliness; friendship; affection; good
will; peace.
\'d8Am"ma (#), n. [LL.
amma, prob. of interjectional or imitative origin: cf.
Sp. ama, G. amme, nurse, Basque
ama mother, Heb. /m, Ar.
immun, ummun.] An abbes or
spiritual mother.
Am"me*ter (#), n.
(Physics) A contraction of amperometer
or amp\'8aremeter.
Am"mi*ral (#), n. An obsolete
form of admiral. \'bdThe mast of some great
ammiral.\'b8
Milton.
Am"mite (#), n. [Gr. /, /,
sandstone, fr. / or / sand.] (Geol.)
O\'94lite or roestone; -- written also
hammite. [Obs.]
Am"mo*dyte (#), n. [L.
ammodytes, Gr. / sand burrower, a kind of serpent;
/ sand + / diver, / to dive.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of a genus of fishes; the sand eel.
(b) A kind of viper in southern Europe.
[Obs.]
Am*mo"ni*a (#), n. [From sal
ammoniac, which was first obtaining near the temple of
Jupiter Ammon, by burning camel's dung. See
Ammoniac.] (Chem.) A gaseous
compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a
pungent smell and taste: -- often called volatile
alkali, and spirits of
hartshorn.
{ Am*mo"ni*ac (#), Am`mo*ni"a*cal
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
ammonia, or possessing its properties; as, an
ammoniac salt; ammoniacal gas.
Ammoniacal engine, an engine in which the
vapor of ammonia is used as the motive force. -- Sal
ammoniac [L. sal ammoniacus], the
salt usually called chloride of ammonium, and
formerly muriate of ammonia.
Am*mo"ni*ac (#) ([or] Gum`
am*mo"ni*ac , n. [L.
Ammoniacum, Gr. / a resinous gum, said to distill
from a tree near the temple of Jupiter Ammon; cf. F.
ammoniac. See Ammonite.]
(Med.) The concrete juice (gum resin) of an
umbelliferous plant, the Dorema ammoniacum. It is
brought chiefly from Persia in the form of yellowish tears, which
occur singly, or are aggregated into masses. It has a peculiar
smell, and a nauseous, sweet taste, followed by a bitter one. It
is inflammable, partially soluble in water and in spirit of wine,
and is used in medicine as an expectorant and resolvent, and for
the formation of certain plasters.
Am*mo"ni*a`ted (#), a.
(Chem.) Combined or impregnated with
ammonia.
Am*mo"nic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to ammonia.
Am"mon*ite (#), n. [L. cornu
Ammonis born of Ammon; L. Ammon, Gr. / an
appellation of Jupiter, as represented with the horns of a ram.
It was originally the name of an. Egyptian god,
Amun.] (Paleon.) A fossil
cephalopod shell related to the nautilus. There are many genera
and species, and all are extinct, the typical forms having
existed only in the Mesozoic age, when they were exceedingly
numerous. They differ from the nautili in having the margins of
the septa very much lobed or plaited, and the siphuncle dorsal.
Also called serpent stone, snake
stone, and cornu Ammonis.
Am`mon*i*tif"er*ous (#), a.
[Ammonite + -ferous.]
Containing fossil ammonites.
\'d8Am*mon`i*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Ammonite + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of fossil
cephalopods often very abundant in Mesozoic rocks. See
Ammonite.
Am*mo"ni*um (#), n. [See
Ammonia.] (Chem.) A compound
radical, NH4, having the chemical relations of a
strongly basic element like the alkali metals.
<-- positive ion -->
Am`mu*ni"tion (#), n. [F.
amunition, for munition, prob. caused by
taking la munition as l'amunition. See
Munition.] 1. Military stores, or
provisions of all kinds for attack or defense.
[Obs.]
2. Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance
of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps,
rockets, etc.
3. Any stock of missiles, literal or
figurative.
Ammunition bread, shoes,
etc., such as are contracted for by government, and supplied
to the soldiers. [Eng.]
Am`mu*ni"tion (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ammunitioned
(#); p pr. & vb. n.
Ammunitioning.] To provide with
ammunition.
\'d8Am*ne"si*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / to remember.]
(Med.) Forgetfulness; also, a defect of speech,
from cerebral disease, in which the patient substitutes wrong
words or names in the place of those he wishes to employ.
Quian.
Am*ne"sic (#), a. (Med.)
Of or pertaining to amnesia. \'bdAmnesic or
co\'94rdinate defects.\'b8
Quian.
Am*nes"tic (#), a. Causing loss
of memory.
Am"nes*ty (#), n. [L.
amnestia, Gr. /, a forgetting, fr. / forgotten,
forgetful; / priv. + / to remember: cf. F.
amnistie, earlier amnestie. See
Mean, v.] 1.
Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong;
oblivion.
2. An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion,
or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned
in an insurrection.
Am"nes*ty, v. t. [imp. p.
p. Amnestied (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Amnestying.] To grant amnesty
to.
Am*nic"o*list (#), n. [L.
amnicola, amnis a river + colere
to dwell.] One who lives near a river.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Am*nig"e*nous (#), a. [L.
amnigena; amnis a river + root
gen of gignere to beget.] Born
or bred in, of, or near a river. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am"ni*on (#), n. [Gr. / the
membrane round the fetus, dim. of / lamb.]
(Anat.) A thin membrane surrounding the embryos
of mammals, birds, and reptiles.
Am"ni*os (#), n. Same as
Amnion.
\'d8Am`ni*o"ta (#), n. pl. [NL.
See Amnion.] (Zo\'94l.) That group
of vertebrates which develops in its embryonic life the envelope
called the amnion. It comprises the reptiles, the
birds, and the mammals.
Am`ni*ot"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
amniotique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the amnion; characterized by an amnion; as, the
amniotic fluid; the amniotic sac.
Amniotic acid. (Chem.)
[R.] See Allantoin.
A*m\'d2"ba (#), n; pl. L.
Am\'d2b\'91 (#); E. Am\'d2bas
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / change.]
(Zo\'94l.) A rhizopod. common in fresh water,
capable of undergoing many changes of form at will. See
Rhizopoda.
\'d8Am`\'d2*b\'91"um (#), n.
[L. am\'d2baeus, Gr. /, alternate; L.
amoebaeum carmen, Gr. / /, a responsive song, fr.
/ change.] A poem in which persons are represented
at speaking alternately; as the third and seventh eclogues of
Virgil.
\'d8Am`\'d2*be"a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) That division of the
Rhizopoda which includes the am\'d2ba and similar forms.
Am`\'d2*be"an (#), a.
Alternately answering.
A*m\'d2"bi*an (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Am\'d2bea.
{ A*m\'d2"bi*form (#),
A*m\'d2"boid (#), } a.
[Am\'d2ba + -form or
-oid.] (Biol.) Resembling an
am\'d2ba; am\'d2ba-shaped; changing in shape like an
am\'d2ba.
Am\'d2boid movement, movement produced, as in
the am\'d2ba, by successive processes of prolongation and
retraction.
A*m\'d2"bous (#), a. Like an
am\'d2ba in structure.
Am`o*li"tion (#), n. [L.
amolitio, fr. amoliri to remove;
a (ab) + moliri to put in
motion.] Removal; a putting away.
[Obs.]
Bp. Ward (1673).
\'d8A*mo"mum (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. / an Indian spice plant.] (Bot.) A
genus of aromatic plants. It includes species which bear
cardamoms, and grains of paradise.
A*mon"este (#), v. t. To
admonish. [Obs.]
{ A*mong" (#), A*mongst"
(#), } prep. [OE.
amongist, amonges, amonge,
among, AS. onmang, ongemang,
gemang, in a crowd or mixture. For the ending
-st see Amidst. See Mingle.]
1. Mixed or mingled; surrounded by.
They heard,
And from his presence hid themselves among
The thickest trees.
Milton.
2. Conjoined, or associated with, or making part of
the number of; in the number or class of.
Blessed art thou among women.
Luke i. 28.
3. Expressing a relation of dispersion,
distribution, etc.; also, a relation of reciprocal action.
What news among the merchants?
Shak.
Human sacrifices were practiced among them.
Hume.
Divide that gold amongst you.
Marlowe.
Whether they quarreled among themselves, or with
their neighbors.
Addison.
Syn. -- Amidst; between. See Amidst,
Between.
\'d8A*mon`til*la"do (#), n.
[Sp.] A dry kind of cherry, of a light
color.
Simmonds.
Am"o*ret (#), n. [OF.
amorette, F. amourette, dim. of
amour.] 1. An amorous girl or woman; a
wanton. [Obs.]
J. Warton.
2. A love knot, love token, or love song.
(pl.) Love glances or love tricks.
[Obs.]
3. A petty love affair or amour.
[Obs.]
Am"o*rette" (#), n. An
amoret. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Am"o*rist (#), n. [L.
armor love. See Amorous.] A lover;
a gallant. [R.]
Milton.
It was the custom for an amorist to impress the
name of his mistress in the dust, or upon the damp earth, with
letters fixed upon his shoe.
Southey.
A-morn"ings (#), adv. [See
Amorwe. The -s is a genitival ending. See
-wards.] In the morning; every morning.
[Obs.]
And have such pleasant walks into the woods
A-mornings.
J. Fletcher.
\'d8Am`o*ro"sa (#), n. [It.
amoroso, fem. amorosa.] A wanton
woman; a courtesan.
Sir T. Herbert.
Am`o*ros"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being amorous; lovingness. [R.]
Galt.
\'d8Am`o*ro"so (#), n. [It.
amoroso, LL. amorosus.] A lover;
a man enamored.
\'d8Am`o*ro"so, adv. [It.]
(Mus.) In a soft, tender, amatory style.
Am"o*rous (#), a. [OF.
amoros, F. amoreux, LL.
amorosus, fr. L. amor love, fr.
amare to love.] 1. Inclined to
love; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment;
loving; fond; affectionate; as, an amorous
disposition.
2. Affected with love; in love; enamored; --
usually with of; formerly with on.
Thy roses amorous of the moon.
Keats.
High nature amorous of the good.
Tennyson.
Sure my brother is amorous on Hero.
Shak.
3. Of or relating to, or produced by, love.
\'bdAmorous delight.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdAmorous airs.\'b8 Waller.
Syn. -- Loving; fond; tender; passionate; affectionate;
devoted; ardent.
Am"o*rous*ly, adv. In an amorous manner;
fondly.
Am"o*rous*ness, n. The quality of being
amorous, or inclined to sexual love; lovingness.
A*mor"pha (#), n.; pl.
Amorphas (#). [Gr. /
shapeless.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
shrubs, having long clusters of purple flowers; false or bastard
indigo.
Longfellow.
A*mor"phism (#), n. [See
Amorphous.] A state of being amorphous; esp.
a state of being without crystallization even in the minutest
particles, as in glass, opal, etc. There are stony
substances which, when fused, may cool as glass or as stone; the
glass state is spoken of as a state of
amorphism.
A*mor"phous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / form.] 1. Having no
determinate form; of irregular; shapeless.
Kirwan.
2. Without crystallization in the ultimate texture
of a solid substance; uncrystallized.
3. Of no particular kind or character;
anomalous.
Scientific treatises . . . are not seldom rude and
amorphous in style.
Hare.
-- A*mor"phous*ly, adv. --
A*mor"phous*ness, n.
\'d8A*mor`pho*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / shapeless; / priv. + / form + /
animal.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals without a mouth
or regular internal organs, as the sponges.
A*mor`pho*zo"ic (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Amorphozoa.
A*mor"phy (#), n. [Gr. /: cf.
F. amorphie. See Amorphous.]
Shapelessness. [Obs.]
Swift.
A*mort" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + F. mort death, dead; all
amort is for alamort.] As if dead;
lifeless; spiritless; dejected; depressed.
Shak.
A*mor"tise (#), v.,
A*mor`ti*sa"tion (#), n.,
A*mor"tis*a*ble (#), a.,
A*mor"tise*ment (#), n.
Same as Amortize, Amortization, etc.
A*mor"tiz*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amortissable.] Capable of being cleared
off, as a debt.
A*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL.
amortisatio, admortizatio. See
Amortize, and cf. Admortization.]
1. (Law) The act or right of alienating
lands to a corporation, which was considered formerly as
transferring them to dead hands, or in mortmain.
2. The extinction of a debt, usually by means of a
sinking fund; also, the money thus paid.
Simmonds.
A*mor"tize (#), v. t. [OE.
amortisen, LL. amortisare,
admortizare, F. amortir to sell in
mortmain, to extinguish; L. ad + mors death. See
Mortmain]. 1. To make as if dead; to
destroy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Law) To alienate in mortmain, that
is, to convey to a corporation. See Mortmain.
3. To clear off or extinguish, as a debt, usually
by means of a sinking fund.
A*mor"tize*ment (#), n. [F.
amortissement.] Same as
Amortization.
A*mor"we (#), adv. [Pref.
a- on + OE. morwe. See
Morrow.] 1. In the morning.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. On the following morning.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*mo"tion (#), n. [L.
amotio. See Amove.] 1.
Removal; ousting; especially, the removal of a corporate
officer from his office.
2. Deprivation of possession.
\'d8A*mo"tus (#), a. [L.,
withdrawn (from it/place).] (Zo\'94l.)
Elevated, -- as a toe, when raised so high that the tip does
not touch the ground.
A*mount" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Amounted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amounting.] [OF.
amonter to increase, advance, ascend, fr.
amont (equiv. to L. ad montem to the
mountain) upward, F. amont up the river. See
Mount, n.] 1. To go up;
to ascend. [Obs.]
So up he rose, and thence amounted straight.
Spenser.
2. To rise or reach by an accumulation of
particular sums or quantities; to come (to) in the
aggregate or whole; -- with to or
unto.
3. To rise, reach, or extend in effect, substance,
or influence; to be equivalent; to come practically
(to); as, the testimony amounts to very
little.
A*mount", v. t. To signify; to amount
to. [Obs.]
A*mount", n. 1. The sum total
of two or more sums or quantities; the aggregate; the whole
quantity; a totality; as, the amount of 7 and 9 is
16; the amount of a bill; the amount of this
year's revenue.
2. The effect, substance, value, significance, or
result; the sum; as, the amount of the testimony is
this.
The whole amount of that enormous fame.
Pope.
A*mour" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
amor love.] 1. Love;
affection. [Obs.]
2. Love making; a love affair; usually, an unlawful
connection in love; a love intrigue; an illicit love
affair.
In amours with, in love with.
[Obs.]
<-- p. 50 -->
\'d8A"mour` pro"pre (#). [F.]
Self-love; self-esteem.
A*mov`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
Liability to be removed or dismissed from office.
[R.]
T. Jefferson.
A*mov"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amovible.] Removable.
A*move" (#), v. t. [L.
amovere; a- (ab) +
movere to move: cf. OF. amover.]
1. To remove, as a person or thing, from a
position. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) To dismiss from an office or
station.
A*move", v. t. & i. [OE.
amovir, L. admovere to move to, to excite;
ad + movere.] To move or be moved; to
excite. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Am"pe*lite (#), n. [L.
ampelitis, Gr. /, fr. / vine.]
(Min.) An earth abounding in pyrites, used by the
ancients to kill insects, etc., on vines; -- applied by
Brongniart to a carbonaceous alum schist.
{ \'d8Am`p\'8are" (#), Am*pere"
(#), } n. [From the name of a
French electrician.] (Elec.) The unit of
electric current; -- defined by the International Electrical
Congress in 1893 and by U. S. Statute as, one tenth of the unit
of current of the C. G. S. system of electro-magnetic units, or
the practical equivalent of the unvarying current which, when
passed through a standard solution of nitrate of silver in water,
deposits silver at the rate of 0.001118 grams per second. Called
also the international amp\'8are.
{ \'d8Am`p\'8are"me`ter (#),
Am`pe*rom"e*ter (#), } n.
[Amp\'8are + meter.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring the
strength of an electrical current in amp\'8ares.
Am"per*sand (#), n. [A
corruption of and, per se and, i. e., & by
itself makes and.] A word used to describe
the character /, /, or &.
Halliwell.
Am*phi-. [Gr. /.] A prefix in words of
Greek origin, signifying both, of both
kinds, on both sides, about,
around.
Am`phi*ar*thro"di*al (#), a.
[Pref. amphi- + arthrodial.]
Characterized by amphiarthrosis.
Am`phi*ar*thro"sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / a joining, / a joint.]
(Anat.) A form of articulation in which the bones
are connected by intervening substance admitting slight motion;
symphysis.
Am"phi*as`ter (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / + / a star.] (Biol.) The
achromatic figure, formed in mitotic cell-division, consisting of
two asters connected by a spindle-shaped bundle of rodlike fibers
diverging from each aster, and called the
spindle.
\'d8Am*phib"i*a (#), n. pl.
[See Amphibium.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the classes of vertebrates.
(Anura); (2) The tailed (Urodela), as
the salamanders, and the siren group (Sirenoidea),
which retain the gills of the young state (hence called
Perennibranchiata) through the adult state, among
which are the siren, proteus, etc.; (3) The C\'d2cilians, or
serpentlike Amphibia (Ophiomorpha or Gymnophiona),
with minute scales and without limbs. The extinct Labyrinthodonts
also belonged to this class. The term is sometimes loosely
applied to both reptiles and amphibians collectively.
Am*phib"i*al (-al), a. & n.
Amphibian. [R.]
Am*phib"i*an (-an), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Amphibia;
as, amphibian reptiles.
Am*phib"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Amphibia.
Am*phib`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to amphibiology.
Am*phib`i*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ amphibious + -logy: cf. F.
amphibiologie.] A treatise on amphibious
animals; the department of natural history which treats of the
Amphibia.
\'d8Am*phib`i*ot"i*ca (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / pertaining to life.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of insects having aquatic
larv\'91.
Am*phib"i*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
living a double life, i. e., both on land
in water; / + / life.] 1. Having the
ability to live both on land and in water, as frogs, crocodiles,
beavers, and some plants.
2. Pertaining to, adapted for, or connected with,
both land and water.
The amphibious character of the Greeks was already
determined: they were to be lords of land and sea.
Hare.
3. Of a mixed nature; partaking of two
natures.
Not in free and common socage, but in this
amphibious subordinate class of villein socage.
Blackstone.
Am*phib"i*ous*ly, adv. Like an
amphibious being.
\'d8Am*phib"i*um (#), n.; pl.
L. Amphibia (#); E. Amphibiums
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / (sc. / an animal). See
Amphibious.] An amphibian.
Am`phi*blas"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / tending to sprout.] (Biol.)
Segmenting unequally; -- said of telolecithal ova with
complete segmentation.
Am"phi*bole (#), n. [Gr. /
doubtful, equivocal, fr. / to throw round, to doubt: cf. F.
amphibole. Ha\'81y so named the genus from the great
variety of color and composition assumed by the mineral.]
(Min.) A common mineral embracing many varieties
varying in color and in composition. It occurs in monoclinic
crystals; also massive, generally with fibrous or columnar
structure. The color varies from white to gray, green, brown, and
black. It is a silicate of magnesium and calcium, with usually
aluminium and iron. Some common varieties are
tremolite, actinolite, asbestus,
edenite, hornblende (the last name being
also used as a general term for the whole species). Amphibole is
a constituent of many crystalline rocks, as syenite, diorite,
most varieties of trachyte, etc. See Hornblende.
Am`phi*bol"ic (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.
2. Of or resembling the mineral amphibole.
Am*phib`o*log"ic*al (#), a. Of
doubtful meaning; ambiguous. \'bdAmphibological
expressions.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
-- Am*phib`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Am`phi*bol"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Amphibologies (#). [L.
amphibologia, for amphibolia, fr. Gr. /,
with the ending -logia as if fr. Gr. / ambiguous +
/ speech: cf. F. amphibologie. See
Amphiboly.] A phrase, discourse, or
proposition, susceptible of two interpretations; and hence, of
uncertain meaning. It differs from equivocation, which
arises from the twofold sense of a single term.
Am*phib"o*lous (#), a. [L.
amphibolus, Gr. / thrown about, doubtful. See
Amphibole.]
1. Ambiguous; doubtful. [Obs.]
Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel -- both
parties declaring themselves for the king.
Howell.
2. (Logic) Capable of two
meanings.
An amphibolous sentence is one that is capable of
two meanings, not from the double sense of any of the words, but
from its admitting of a double construction; e.
g., \'bdThe duke yet lives that Henry shall
depose.\'b8
Whately.
Am*phib"o*ly (#), n.; pl.
Amphibolies (#). [L.
amphibolia, Gr. /: cf. OE. amphibolie.
See Amphibolous.] Ambiguous discourse;
amphibology.
If it oracle contrary to our interest or humor, we will create
an amphiboly, a double meaning where there is
none.
Whitlock.
Am"phi*branch (#), n. [L. /,
Gr. / short at both ends; / + / short.] (Anc.
Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the middle one long,
the first and last short (/ -- /); as,
h/b\'c7r/. In modern prosody the accented
syllable takes the place of the long and the unaccented of the
short; as,
pro-phet\'b6ic.
{ Am`phi*car"pic (#),
Am`phi*car"pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / + / fruit.] (Bot.)
Producing fruit of two kinds, either as to form or time of
ripening.
Am`phi*chro"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / color.] (Chem.) Exhibiting or
producing two colors, as substances which in the color test may
change red litmus to blue and blue litmus to red.
{ Am`phi*c/"li*an (#),
Am`phi*c/"lous (#), } a.
[Gr. / hollowed all round; / + / hollow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having both ends concave; biconcave;
-- said of vertebr\'91.
Am"phi*come (#), n. [Gr. /
with hair all round; / + / hair.] A kind of
figured stone, rugged and beset with eminences, anciently used in
divination. [Obs.]
Encyc. Brit.
Am*phic`ty*on"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to the Amphictyons or their
League or Council; as, an Amphictyonic town or
state; the Amphictyonic body.
W. Smith.
Am*phic"ty*ons (#), n. pl. [L.
Amphictyones, Gr. /. Prob. the word was orig. /
dwellers around, neighbors.] (Grecian Hist.)
Deputies from the confederated states of ancient Greece to a
congress or council. They considered both political and religious
matters.
Am*phic"ty*o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Amphictyonies (#). [Gr.
/.] (Grecian Hist.) A league of states of
ancient Greece; esp. the celebrated confederation known as the
Amphictyonic Council. Its object was to maintain the common
interests of Greece.
Am"phid (#), n. [Gr. / both:
cf. F. amphide.] (Chem.) A salt
of the class formed by the combination of an acid and a base, or
by the union of two oxides, two sulphides, selenides, or
tellurides, as distinguished from a haloid
compound. [R.]
Berzelius.
Am"phi*disc (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ a round plate.] (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar
small siliceous spicule having a denticulated wheel at each end;
-- found in freshwater sponges.
Am`phi*drom"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ running about or around.] Pertaining to an Attic
festival at the naming of a child; -- so called because the
friends of the parents carried the child
around the hearth and then named it.
Am*phig"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / marriage.] (Bot.) Having a structure
entirely cellular, and no distinct sexual organs; -- a term
applied by De Candolle to the lowest order of plants.
Am`phi*ge"an (#), a. [Gr. / +
/, /, the earth.] Extending over all the zones,
from the tropics to the polar zones inclusive.
Am"phi*gen (#), n. [Gr. / +
-gen: cf. F. amphig\'8ane.]
(Chem.) An element that in combination produces
amphid salt; -- applied by Berzelius to oxygen, sulphur,
selenium, and tellurium. [R.]
Am"phi*gene (#), n.
(Min.) Leucite.
Am`phi*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ + / generation.] (Biol.) Sexual
generation; amphigony.
Am*phig"e*nous (#), a.
(Bot.) Increasing in size by growth on all sides,
as the lichens.
Am`phi*gon"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to amphigony; sexual; as, amphigonic
propagation. [R.]
Am*phig"o*nous (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / a begetting.] Relating to both parents.
[R.]
Am*phig"o*ny (#), n. Sexual
propagation. [R.]
Am`phi*gor"ic (#), a. [See
Amphigory.] Nonsensical; absurd; pertaining
to an amphigory.
Am"phi*go*ry (#), n. [F.
amphigouri, of uncertain derivation; perh. fr. Gr. /
+ / a circle.] A nonsense verse; a rigmarole, with
apparent meaning, which on further attention proves to be
meaningless. [Written also
amphigouri.]
{ Am*phil"o*gism (#),
Am*phil"o*gy (#), } n.
[Gr. / + -logy.] Ambiguity of
speech; equivocation. [R.]
Am*phim"a*cer (#), n. [L.
amphimacru/, Gr. /; / on both sides + /
long.] (Anc. Pros.) A foot of three
syllables, the middle one short and the others long, as in
c\'best/t\'bes.
Andrews.
\'d8Am`phi*neu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. / + / sinew, nerve.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Mollusca remarkable for
the bilateral symmetry of the organs and the arrangement of the
nerves.
\'d8Am`phi*ox"us (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / + / sharp.] (Zo\'94l.) A
fishlike creature (Amphioxus lanceolatus), two or
three inches long, found in temperature seas; -- also called the
lancelet. Its body is pointed at both ends. It is the
lowest and most generalized of the vertebrates, having neither
brain, skull, vertebr\'91, nor red blood. It forms the type of
the group Acrania, Leptocardia, etc.
Am*phip"neust (#), n. [Gr. /
+ / one who breathes, / to breathe.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of Amphibia, which have
both lungs and gills at the same time, as the proteus and
siren.
Am"phi*pod (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Amphipoda.
{ Am"phi*pod (#), Am*phip"o*dan
(#), } a. (Zo\'94l.) Of
or pertaining to the Amphipoda.
\'d8Am*phip"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., FR. Gr. / + /, / foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) A numerous group of fourteen -- footed
Crustacea, inhabiting both fresh and salt water. The body is
usually compressed laterally, and the anterior pairs or legs are
directed downward and forward, but the posterior legs are usually
turned upward and backward. The beach flea is an example. See
Tetradecapoda and Arthrostraca.
Am*phip"o*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Amphipoda.
Am*phip"ro*style (#), a. [L.
amphiprostylos, Gr. / having a double prostyle: cf.
F. amphiprostyle. See Prostyle.]
(Arch.) Doubly prostyle; having columns at each
end, but not at the sides. -- n. An
amphiprostyle temple or edifice.
\'d8Am`phi*rhi"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + /, /, nose.]
(Zo\'94l.) A name applied to the elasmobranch
fishes, because the nasal sac is double.
\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"na (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; / on both ends + / to go.]
1. A fabled serpent with a head at each end, moving
either way.
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of harmless
lizards, serpentlike in form, without legs, and with both ends so
much alike that they appear to have a head at each, and ability
to move either way. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Gordius aquaticus, or
hairworm, has been called an amphisb\'91na;
but it belongs among the worms.
\'d8Am`phis*b\'91"noid (#), a.
[NL., fr. L. amphisbaena +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or
pertaining to the lizards of the genus Amphisb\'91na.
{ \'d8Am*phis"ci*i (#),
Am*phis"cians (#), } n. pl.
[Gr. / throwing a shadow both ways; / + /
shadow.] The inhabitants of the tropic, whose shadows
in one part of the year are cast to the north, and in the other
to the south, according as the sun is south or north of their
zenith.
Am*phis"to*mous (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
sucker at each extremity, as certain entozoa, by means of which
they adhere.
Am`phi*sty"lic (#), a. [Gr. /
+ / pillar, support.] (Anat.) Having the
mandibular arch articulated with the hyoid arch and the cranium,
as in the cestraciont sharks; -- said of a skull.
{ Am`phi*the"a*ter, Am`phi*the"a*tre,
} (#), n. [L.
amphitheatrum, fr. Gr. /; / + / theater: cf. F.
amphith\'82\'83tre. See Theater.]
1. An oval or circular building with rising tiers
of seats about an open space called the arena.
2. Anything resembling an amphitheater in form;
as, a level surrounded by rising slopes or hills, or a rising
gallery in a theater.
Am`phi*the"a*tral (#), a. [L.
amphitheatralis: cf. F.
amphith\'82\'83tral.] Amphitheatrical;
resembling an amphitheater.
{ Am`phi*the*at"ric (#),
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al (#), } a.
[L. amphitheatricus.] Of, pertaining
to, exhibited in, or resembling, an amphitheater.
Am`phi*the*at"ric*al*ly, adv. In the
form or manner of an amphitheater.
\'d8Am*phit"ro*cha (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / + / a wheel.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of annelid larva having both a
dorsal and a ventral circle of special cilia.
{ Am*phit"ro*pal (#),
Am*phit"ro*pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / + / to turn.] (Bot.) Having
the ovule inverted, but with the attachment near the middle of
one side; half anatropous.
<-- p. 51 -->
\'d8Am`phi*u"ma (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of amphibians, inhabiting the
Southern United States, having a serpentlike form, but with four
minute limbs and two persistent gill openings; the Congo
snake.
Am`pho*pep"tone (#), n. [Gr.
/ + E. peptone.] (Physiol.) A
product of gastric digestion, a mixture of hemipeptone and
antipeptone.
\'d8Am"pho*ra (#), n.; pl.
Amophor\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. /,
/, a jar with two handles; / + / bearer, / to bear. Cf.
Ampul.] Among the ancients, a two-handled
vessel, tapering at the bottom, used for holding wine, oil,
etc.
Am"pho*ral (#), a. [L.
amphoralis.] Pertaining to, or resembling,
an amphora.
Am*phor"ic (#), a. (Med.)
Produced by, or indicating, a cavity in the lungs, not
filled, and giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an
empty decanter; as, amphoric respiration or
resonance.
Am`pho*ter"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
both.] Partly one and partly the other; neither acid
nor alkaline; neutral. [R.]
Smart.
Am"ple (#), a. [F.
ample, L. amplus, prob. for
ambiplus full on both sides, the last syllable akin to
L. plenus full. See Full, and cf.
Double.] Large; great in size, extent,
capacity, or bulk; spacious; roomy; widely extended.
All the people in that ample house
Did to that image bow their humble knees.
Spenser.
2. Fully sufficient; abundant; liberal; copious;
as, an ample fortune; ample
justice.
3. Not contracted of brief; not concise; extended;
diffusive; as, an ample narrative.
Johnson.
Syn. -- Full; spacious; extensive; wide; capacious;
abundant; plentiful; plenteous; copious; bountiful; rich;
liberal; munificent. -- Ample,
Copious, Abundant, Plenteous. These
words agree in representing a thing as large, but
under different relations, according to the image which is used.
Ample implies largeness, producing a sufficiency or
fullness of supply for every want; as, ample stores
or resources, ample provision. Copious
carries with it the idea of flow, or of collection at a single
point; as, a copious supply of materials.
\'bdCopious matter of my song.\'b8 Milton.
Abundant and plenteous refer to largeness
of quantity; as, abundant stores; plenteous
harvests.
Am*plec"tant (#), a. [L.
amplecti to embrace.] (Bot.)
Clasping a support; as, amplectant
tendrils.
Gray.
Am"ple*ness (#), n. The state
or quality of being ample; largeness; fullness;
completeness.
Am`plex*a"tion (#), n. [L.
amplexari to embrace.] An embrace.
[Obs.]
An humble amplexation of those sacred feet.
Bp. Hall.
Am*plex"i*caul (#), a. [L.
amplexus, p. p. of amplecti to encircle, to
embrace + caulis stem: cf. F.
amplexicaule.] (Bot.) Clasping
or embracing a stem, as the base of some leaves.
Gray.
Am"pli*ate (#), v. t. [L.
ampliatus, p. p. of ampliare to make wider,
fr. amplus. See Ample.] To
enlarge. [R.]
To maintain and ampliate the external possessions
of your empire.
Udall.
Am"pli*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having the outer edge prominent; said
of the wings of insects.
Am`pli*a"tion (#), n. [L.
ampliatio: cf. F. ampliation.]
1. Enlargement; amplification.
[R.]
2. (Civil Law) A postponement of the
decision of a cause, for further consideration or
re-argument.
Am"pli*a*tive (#), a.
(Logic) Enlarging a conception by adding to that
which is already known or received.
\'bdAll bodies possess power of attraction\'b8 is an
ampliative judgment; because we can think of bodies
without thinking of attraction as one of their immediate primary
attribute.
Abp. W. Thomson.
Am*plif"i*cate (#), v. t. [L.
amplificatus, p. p. of amplificare.]
To amplify. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Am`pli*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
amplificatio.] 1. The act of
amplifying or enlarging in dimensions; enlargement;
extension.
2. (Rhet.) The enlarging of a simple
statement by particularity of description, the use of epithets,
etc., for rhetorical effect; diffuse narrative or description, or
a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject.
Exaggeration is a species of amplification.
Brande & C.
I shall summarily, without any amplification at
all, show in what manner defects have been supplied.
Sir J. Davies.
3. The matter by which a statement is amplified;
as, the subject was presented without
amplifications.
Am*plif"i*ca*tive (#), a.
Amplificatory.
Am*plif"i*ca*to*ry (#), a.
Serving to amplify or enlarge; amplificative.
Morell.
Am"pli*fi`er (#), n. One who or
that which amplifies.
Am"pli*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amplified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Amplifying.] [F. amplifier,
L. amplificare. See Ample,
-fy.] 1. To render larger, more
extended, or more intense, and the like; -- used especially of
telescopes, microscopes, etc.
2. (Rhet.) To enlarge by addition or
discussion; to treat copiously by adding particulars,
illustrations, etc.; to expand; to make much of.
Troilus and Cressida was written by a Lombard author, but much
amplified by our English translator.
Dryden.
Am"pli*fy (#), v. i. 1.
To become larger. [Obs.]
Strait was the way at first, withouten light,
But further in did further amplify.
Fairfax.
2. To speak largely or copiously; to be diffuse in
argument or description; to dilate; to expatiate; -- often with
on or upon.
Watts.
He must often enlarge and amplify upon the subject
he handles.
South.
Am"pli*tude (#), n. [L.
amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F.
amplitude. See Ample.] 1.
State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness
of dimensions; size.
The cathedral of Lincoln . . . is a magnificent structure,
proportionable to the amplitude of the diocese.
Fuller.
2. Largeness, in a figurative sense; breadth;
abundance; fullness. (a) Of extent of
capacity or intellectual powers. \'bdAmplitude
of mind.\'b8 Milton. \'bdAmplitude of
comprehension.\'b8 Macaulay. (b) Of extent
of means or resources. \'bdAmplitude of
reward.\'b8 Bacon.
3. (Astron.) (a) The arc of the
horizon between the true east or west point and the center of the
sun, or a star, at its rising or setting. At the rising, the
amplitude is eastern or ortive: at the setting, it is western,
occiduous, or occasive. It is also northern or southern, when
north or south of the equator. (b) The arc of
the horizon between the true east or west point and the foot of
the vertical circle passing through any star or object.
4. (Gun.) The horizontal line which
measures the distance to which a projectile is thrown; the
range.
5. (Physics) The extent of a movement
measured from the starting point or position of equilibrium; --
applied especially to vibratory movements.
6. (math.) An angle upon which the value
of some function depends; -- a term used more especially in
connection with elliptic functions.
Magnetic amplitude, the angular distance of a
heavenly body, when on the horizon, from the magnetic east or
west point as indicated by the compass. The difference between
the magnetic and the true or astronomical amplitude (see 3 above)
is the \'bdvariation of the compass.\'b8
Am"ply (#), adv. In an ample
manner.
Am"pul (#), n. [AS.
ampella, ampolla, L. ampulla:
cf. OF. ampolle, F. ampoule.]
Same as Ampulla, 2.
\'d8Am*pul"la, n.; pl.
Ampull\'91 (#). [L. ]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) A narrow-necked vessel
having two handles and bellying out like a jug.
2. (Eccl.) (a) A cruet for the
wine and water at Mass. (b) The vase in which
the holy oil for chrism, unction, or coronation is kept.
Shipley.
3. (Biol.) Any membranous bag shaped
like a leathern bottle, as the dilated end of a vessel or duct;
especially the dilations of the semicircular canals of the
ear.
Am`pul*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
ampullaceus, fr. ampulla.] Like
a bottle or inflated bladder; bottle-shaped; swelling.
Kirby.
Ampullaceous sac (Zo\'94l.), one of
the peculiar cavities in the tissues of sponges, containing the
zooidal cells.
{ Am"pul*lar (#), Am`pul*la*ry
(#), } a. Resembling an
ampulla.
{ Am"pul*late (#), Am"pul*la`ted
(#) } a. Having an ampulla;
flask-shaped; bellied.
Am*pul"li*form (#), a.
[Ampulla + -form.]
Flask-shaped; dilated.
Am"pu*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amputated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Amputating.] [L.
amputatus, p. p. of amputare:
amb- + putare to prune, putus
clean, akin to E. pure. See Putative.]
1. To prune or lop off, as branches or
tendrils.
2. (Surg.) To cut off (a limb or
projecting part (of the body).
Wiseman.
Am`pu*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
amputatio: cf. F. amputation.]
The act amputating; esp. the operation of cutting of a limb
or projecting part of the body.
Am"pu*ta"tor (#), n. One who
amputates.
\'d8Am"pyx (#), n. [Gr.
/.] (Greek Antiq.) A woman's headband
(sometimes of metal), for binding the front hair.
\'d8Am*ri"ta (#), n. [Skr.
amrita.] (Hind. Myth.)
Immorality; also, the nectar conferring immortality. --
a. Ambrosial; immortal.
Am"sel, Am"zel (#),
n. [Ger. See Ousel.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European ring ousel (Turdus
torquatus).
A*muck" (#), a. & adv. [Malay
amoq furious.] In a frenzied and
reckless.
To run amuck, to rush out in a state of
frenzy, as the Malays sometimes do under the influence of
\'bdbhang,\'b8 and attack every one that comes in the way; to
assail recklessly and indiscriminately.
Satire's my weapon, but I'm too discreet
To run amuck, and tilt at all I meet.
Pope.
Am"u*let (#), n. [L.
amuletum: cf. F. amulette.] An
ornament, gem, or scroll, or a package containing a relic, etc.,
worn as a charm or preservative against evils or mischief, such
as diseases and witchcraft, and generally inscribed with mystic
forms or characters. [Also used figuratively.]
Am`u*let"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an amulet; operating as a charm.
A*mur"cous (#), a. [LL.
amurcous, L. amurca the dregs of olives,
Gr. /, fr. / to pluck.] Full off dregs;
foul. [R.]
Knowles.
A*mus"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
amusable.] Capable of being amused.
A*muse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Amused (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Amusing.]
[F. amuser to make stay, to detain, to amuse, /
(L. ad) + OF. muser. See Muse,
v.] 1. To occupy or engage the
attention of; to lose in deep thought; to absorb; also, to
distract; to bewilder. [Obs.]
Camillus set upon the Gauls when they were amused
in receiving their gold.
Holland.
Being amused with grief, fear, and fright, he could
not find the house.
Fuller.
2. To entertain or occupy in a pleasant manner; to
stir with pleasing or mirthful emotions; to divert.
A group children amusing themselves with pushing
stones from the top [of the cliff], and watching as they plunged
into the lake.
Gilpin.
3. To keep in extraction; to beguile; to
delude.
He amused his followers with idle promises.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To entertain; gratify; please; divert; beguile;
deceive; occupy. -- To Amuse,
Divert, Entertain. We are amused by
that which occupies us lightly and pleasantly. We are
entertained by that which brings our minds into
agreeable contact with others, as conversation, or a book. We are
diverted by that which turns off our thoughts to
something of livelier interest, especially of a sportive nature,
as a humorous story, or a laughable incident.
Whatever amuses serves to kill time, to lull the
faculties, and to banish reflection. Whatever
entertains usually a wakens the understanding or
gratifies the fancy. Whatever diverts is lively in its
nature, and sometimes tumultuous in its effects.
Crabb.
A*muse", v. i. To muse; to
mediate. [Obs.]
A*mused" (#), a. 1.
Diverted.
2. Expressing amusement; as, an amused
look.
A*muse"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
amusement.] 1. Deep thought;
muse. [Obs.]
Here I . . . fell into a strong and deep amusement,
revolving in my mind, with great perplexity, the amazing change
of our affairs.
Fleetwood.
2. The state of being amused; pleasurable
excitement; that which amuses; diversion.
His favorite amusements were architecture and
gardening.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Diversion; entertainment; recreation; relaxation;
pastime; sport.
A*mus"er (#), n. One who
amuses.
\'d8Am`u*sette" (#), n.
[F.] A light field cannon, or stocked gun mounted
on a swivel.
A*mus"ing (#), a. Giving
amusement; diverting; as, an amusing
story. -- A*mus"ing*ly,
adv.
A*mu"sive (?; 277), a. Having
power to amuse or entertain the mind; fitted to excite
mirth. [R.] --
A*mu"sive*ly, adv. --
A*mu"sive*ness, n.
A*my" (#), n. [F.
ami, fr. L. amicus.] A
friend. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*my"e*lous (#), a. [Gr. /
without marrow.] (Med.) Wanting the spinal
cord.
A*myg`da*la"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Akin to, or derived from, the
almond.
A*myg"da*late (#), a. [L.
amygdala, amygdalum, almond, Gr. /, /.
See Almond.] Pertaining to, resembling, or
made of, almonds.
A*myg"da*late, n. 1.
(Med.) An emulsion made of almonds; milk of
almonds.
Bailey. Coxe.
2. (Chem.) A salt amygdalic acid.
Am`yg*dal"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to almonds; derived from
amygdalin; as, amygdalic acid.
A*myg`da*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
amygdalum almond + -ferous.]
Almond-bearing.
A*myg"da*lin (#), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from bitter almonds
as a white, crystalline substance.
A*myg"da*line (#), a. [L.
amygdalinus.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, almonds.
A*myg"da*loid (#), n. [Gr. /
almond + -oid: cf. F.
amygdalo\'8bde.] (Min.) A
variety of trap or basaltic rock, containing small cavities,
occupied, wholly or in part, by nodules or geodes of different
minerals, esp. agates, quartz, calcite, and the zeolites. When
the imbedded minerals are detached or removed by decomposition,
it is porous, like lava.
{ A*myg"da*loid (#),
A*myg`da*loid"al (#), } a.
1. Almond-shaped.
2. Pertaining to, or having the nature of, the rock
amygdaloid.
Am"yl (#), n. [L.
amylum starch + -yl. Cf.
Amidin.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
radical, C5H11, of the paraffine series found in
amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc.
Am`y*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
amylum starch, Gr. /. See Amidin.]
Pertaining to starch; of the nature of starch;
starchy.
Am"y*late (#), n. (Chem.)
A compound of the radical amyl with oxygen and a positive
atom or radical.
Am"y*lene (#), n. (Chem.)
One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons,
C5H10, of the ethylene series. The colorless,
volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of
different members of the group.
A*myl"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, amyl; as,
amylic ether.
Amylic alcohol (Chem.), one of the
series of alcohols, a transparent, colorless liquid, having a
peculiar odor. It is the hydroxide of amyl. -- Amylic
fermentation (Chem.), a process of
fermentation in starch or sugar in which amylic alcohol is
produced.
Gregory.
Am`y*lo*bac"ter, n. [L.
amylum starch + NL. bacterium. See
Bacterium.] (Biol.) A
micro\'94rganism (Bacillus amylobacter) which develops
in vegetable tissue during putrefaction.
Sternberg.
{ Am"y*loid (#), Am`y*loid"al
(#), } a. [L. amylum
starch + -oid.] Resembling or containing
amyl; starchlike.
Amyloid degeneration (Med.), a
diseased condition of various organs of the body, produced by the
deposit of an albuminous substance, giving a blue color with
iodine and sulphuric acid; -- called also waxy .
<-- p. 52 -->
Am"y*loid (#), n. 1. A
non-nitrogenous starchy food; a starchlike substance.
2. (Med.) The substance deposited in the
organs in amyloid degeneration.
Am`y*lo*ly"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
starch + / solvent; / to dissolve.]
(Physiol.) Effecting the conversion of starch
into soluble dextrin and sugar; as, an amylolytic
ferment.
Foster.
Am`y*lose" (#), n.
(Chem.) One of the starch group
(C6H10O5)n of the carbohydrates; as, starch,
arabin, dextrin, cellulose, etc.
Am"y*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] (Med.) Wanting in muscle; without
flesh.
Am"yss (#), n. Same as
Amice, a hood or cape.
An (#). [AS. \'ben one, the
same word as the numeral. See One, and cf.
A.] This word is properly an
adjective, but is commonly called the indefinite
article. It is used before nouns of the singular number
only, and signifies one, or any, but
somewhat less emphatically. In such expressions as \'bdtwice
an hour,\'b8 \'bdonce an age,\'b8 a
shilling an ounce (see 2d A, 2), it
has a distributive force, and is equivalent to each,
every.
An is used before a word beginning with a
vowel sound; as, an enemy, an hour. It in
also often used before h sounded, when the accent of
the word falls on the second syllable; as, an
historian, an hyena, an heroic deed. Many
writers use a before h in such positions.
Anciently an was used before consonants as well as
vowels.
An, conj. [Shortened fr. and,
OE. an., and, sometimes and if,
in introducing conditional clauses, like Icel. enda
if, the same word as and. Prob. and was
originally pleonastic before the conditional clause.]
If; -- a word used by old English authors.
Shak.
Nay, an thou dalliest, then I am thy foe.
B. Jonson.
An if, and if; if.
An"a-. [/Gr. / on; in comp., on, up,
upwards.] A prefix in words from the Greek, denoting
up, upward, throughout,
backward, back, again,
anew.
A"na (#), adv. [Gr. / (used
distributively).] (Med.) Of each; an equal
quantity; as, wine and honey, ana (or, contracted,
aa), / ij., that is, of wine and honey, each, two
ounces.
An apothecary with a . . . long bill of anas.
Dryden.
*a"na (#). [The neut. pl. ending of Latin
adjectives in -anus.] A suffix to names of
persons or places, used to denote a collection of notable
sayings, literary gossip, anecdotes, etc. Thus,
Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of
Scaliger, Johnsoniana of Johnson, etc.
Used also as a substantive; as, the French
anas.
It has been said that the table-talk of Selden is worth all
the ana of the Continent.
Hallam.
An`a*bap"tism (#), n. [L.
anabaptismus, Gr. /: cf. F. anabaptisme.
See Anabaptize.] The doctrine of the
Anabaptists.
An`a*bap"tist (#), n. [LL.
anabaptista, fr. Gr. as if /:
cf. F. anabaptiste.]
A name sometimes applied to a member of any sect holding
that rebaptism is necessary for those baptized in infancy.
{ An`a*bap*tis"tic (#),
An`a*bap*tis"tic*al (#), } a.
Relating or attributed to the Anabaptists, or their
doctrines.
Milton. Bp. Bull.
An`a*bap"tist*ry (#), n. The
doctrine, system, or practice, of Anabaptists.
[R.]
Thus died this imaginary king; and Anabaptistry was
suppressed in Munster.
Pagitt.
An`a*bap*tize" (#), v. t. [Gr.
/, fr. / again + / to baptize. See Baptize.]
To rebaptize; to rechristen; also, to rename.
[R.]
Whitlock.
\'d8An"a*bas (#), n. [Gr. /,
p. p. of / to advance.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of fishes, remarkable for their power of living long out of
water, and of making their way on land for considerable
distances, and for climbing trees; the climbing fishes.
\'d8A*nab"a*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to go up; / up + / to go.] 1.
A journey or expedition up from the coast, like that of the
younger Cyrus into Central Asia, described by Xenophon in his
work called \'bdThe Anabasis.\'b8
The anabasis of Napoleon.
De Quincey.
2. (Med.) The first period, or increase,
of a disease; augmentation. [Obs.]
An`a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to anabasis; as, an
anabatic fever. [Obs.]
An`a*bol"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
something heaped up; / + / a stroke.]
(Physiol.) Pertaining to anabolism; an
anabolic changes, or processes, more or less
constructive in their nature.
A*nab"o*lism (#), n.
(Physiol.) The constructive metabolism of the
body, as distinguished from katabolism.
An`a*camp"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
to bend back; / back + / to bend.] Reflecting of
reflected; as, an anacamptic sound (and
echo).
catoptric. See Catoptrics.
An`a*camp"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By reflection; as, echoes are sound produced
anacamptically.
Hutton.
An`a*camp"tics (#), n. 1.
The science of reflected light, now called
catoptrics.
2. The science of reflected sounds.
{ \'d8An`a*can"thi*ni (#),
An"a*canths (#), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / thorny, fr. / thorn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes destitute
of spiny fin-rays, as the cod.
An`a*can"thous (#), a.
Spineless, as certain fishes.
An`a*car"di*a"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family, or
order, of plants of which the cashew tree is the type, and the
species of sumac are well known examples.
An`a*car"dic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the cashew nut; as, anacardic
acid.
\'d8An`a*car"di*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / similar to + / heart; -- the fruit of
this plant being thought to resemble the heart of a bird.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants including the cashew
tree. See Cashew.
An`a*ca*thar"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / to cleanse upward, i. e., by
vomiting; / + /. See Cathartic.]
(Med.) Producing vomiting or expectoration.
-- n. An anacatharic medicine; an
expectorant or an emetic.
\'d8An*ach"a*ris (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / up + / grace.] (Bot.) A
fresh-water weed of the frog's-bit family
(Hydrocharidace\'91), native to America. Transferred
to England it became an obstruction to navigation. Called also
waterweed and water
thyme.
An*ach"o*ret (#), n.
An*ach`o*ret"ic*al (#), a.
See Anchoret, Anchoretic.
[Obs.]
An*ach"o*rism (#), n. [Gr. /
+ / place.] An error in regard to the place of an
event or a thing; a referring something to a wrong place.
[R.]
An`a*chron"ic (#),
An`a*chron"ic*al (#), a.
Characterized by, or involving, anachronism;
anachronistic.
An*ach"ro*nism (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to refer to a wrong time, to confound times; / +
/ time: cf. F. anachronisme.] A
misplacing or error in the order of time; an error in chronology
by which events are misplaced in regard to each other, esp. one
by which an event is placed too early; falsification of
chronological relation.
An*ach`ro*nis"tic (#), a.
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism.
T. Warton.
An*ach"ro*nize (#), v. t. [Gr.
/.] To refer to, or put into, a wrong time.
[R.]
Lowell.
An*ach"ro*nous (#), a.
Containing an anachronism; anachronistic. --
An*ach"ro*nous*ly,
adv.
An`a*clas"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
to bend back and break; to reflect (light); / + / to
break.] 1. (Opt.) Produced by the
refraction of light, as seen through water; as,
anaclastic curves.
2. Springing back, as the bottom of an
anaclastic glass.
Anaclastic glass, a glass or phial, shaped
like an inverted funnel, and with a very thin convex bottom. By
sucking out a little air, the bottom springs into a concave form
with a smart crack; and by breathing or blowing gently into the
orifice, the bottom, with a like noise, springs into its former
convex form.
An`a*clas"tics (#), n.
(Opt.) That part of optics which treats of the
refraction of light; -- commonly called
dioptrics.
Encyc. Brit.
\'d8An`a*c\'d2*no"sis (#), n.
[Gr. /, fr. /, to communicate; / up + / to make
common, / common.] (Rhet.) A figure by
which a speaker appeals to his hearers or opponents for their
opinion on the point in debate.
Walker.
An`a*co*lu"thic (#), a. Lacking
grammatical sequence. --
An`a*co*lu"thic*al*ly (#),
adv.
\'d8An`a*co*lu"thon (#), n.
[Gr. /, /, not following, wanting sequence; / priv. +
/ following.] (Gram.) A want of
grammatical sequence or coherence in a sentence; an instance of a
change of construction in a sentence so that the latter part does
not syntactically correspond with the first part.
An`a*con"da (#), n. [Of
Ceylonese origin?] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
American snake of the Boa family (Eunectes murinus),
which lives near rivers, and preys on birds and small mammals.
The name is also applied to a similar large serpent (Python
tigris) of Ceylon.
A*nac`re*on"tic (#), a. [L.
Anacreonticus.] Pertaining to, after the
manner of, or in the meter of, the Greek poet Anacreon; amatory
and convivial.
De Quincey.
A*nac`re*on"tic, n. A poem after the
manner of Anacreon; a sprightly little poem in praise of love and
wine.
An`a*crot"ic (#), a.
(Physiol.) Pertaining to anachronism.
A*nac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. /,
up, again + / a stroke.] (Physiol.) A
secondary notch in the pulse curve, obtained in a sphygmographic
tracing.
\'d8An`a*cru"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to push up or back; / + / to strike.]
(Pros.) A prefix of one or two unaccented
syllables to a verse properly beginning with an accented
syllable.
An"a*dem (#), n. [L.
anadema, Gr. /, fr. / to wreathe; / up + / to
bind.] A garland or fillet; a chaplet or wreath.
Drayton. Tennyson.
\'d8An`a*di*plo"sis (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /; / + / to double, /, /, twofold,
double.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the last
word or any prominent word in a sentence or clause, at the
beginning of the next, with an adjunct idea; as, \'bdHe
retained his virtues amidst all his misfortunes --
misfortunes which no prudence could foresee or
prevent.\'b8
An"a*drom (#), n. [Cf. F.
anadrome.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish
that leaves the sea and ascends rivers.
A*nad"ro*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
running upward; / + / a running, / to run.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Ascending rivers from the
sea, at certain seasons, for breeding, as the salmon, shad,
etc.
2. (Bot.) Tending upwards; -- said of
terns in which the lowest secondary segments are on the upper
side of the branch of the central stem.
D. C. Eaton.
\'d8A*n\'91"mi*a (#), a. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / blood.] (Med.)
A morbid condition in which the blood is deficient in
quality or in quantity.
A*n\'91m"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an\'91mia.
An*a`\'89*rob"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Relating to, or like, ana\'89robies;
ara\'89robiotic.
An*a"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl.
[Gr. / priv. + /, /, air + / life.]
(Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which do not require
oxygen, but are killed by it.<-- anaerobe, anaerobes -->
Sternberg.
An*a`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Related to, or of the nature of,
ana\'89robies.
\'d8An`\'91s*the"si*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / feeling, / to feel: cf.
F. anesth\'82sie. See \'92sthetics.]
(Med.) Entire or partial loss or absence of
feeling or sensation; a state of general or local insensibility
produced by disease or by the inhalation or application of an
an\'91sthetic.
\'d8An`\'91s*the"sis (#), n.
See An\'91sthesia.
An`\'91s*thet"ic (#), a.
(Med.) (a) Capable of rendering
insensible; as, an\'91sthetic agents.
(b) Characterized by, or connected with,
insensibility; as, an an\'91sthetic effect or
operation.
An`\'91s*thet"ic, n. (Med.)
That which produces insensibility to pain, as chloroform,
ether, etc.
An*\'91s`the*ti*za"tion (#), n.
The process of an\'91sthetizing; also, the condition of the
nervous system induced by an\'91sthetics.
An*\'91s"the*tize (#), v. t.
(Med.) To render insensible by an
an\'91sthetic.
Encyc. Brit.
An"a*glyph (#), n. [Gr. /
wrought in low relief, / embossed work; / + / to
engrave.] Any sculptured, chased, or embossed ornament
worked in low relief, as a cameo.
{ An`a*glyph"ic (#),
An`a*glyph"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to the art of chasing or embossing in relief;
anaglyptic; -- opposed to diaglyptic or sunk
work.
An`a*glyph"ic, n. Work chased or
embossed relief.
An`a*glyp"tic (#), a. [L.
anaglypticus, Gr. /, /. See
Anaglyph.] Relating to the art of carving,
enchasing, or embossing in low relief.
An`a*glyp"tics (#), n. The art
of carving in low relief, embossing, etc.
An`a*glyp"to*graph (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -graph.] An instrument by which a
correct engraving of any embossed object, such as a medal or
cameo, can be executed.
Brande & C.
An`a*glyp`to*graph"ic (#), a.
Of or pertaining to anaglyptography; as,
analyptographic engraving.
An`a*glyp*tog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Gr. / embossed + -graphy.] The art
of copying works in relief, or of engraving as to give the
subject an embossed or raised appearance; -- used in representing
coins, bas-reliefs, etc.
\'d8An`ag*nor"i*sis (#), n.
[Latinized fr. Gr. /; / + / to recognize.]
The unfolding or d\'82nouement. [R.]
De Quincey.
An`a*go"ge (#), n. [Gr. / a
leading up; / + / a leading, / to lead.] 1.
An elevation of mind to things celestial.
2. The spiritual meaning or application; esp. the
application of the types and allegories of the Old Testament to
subjects of the New.
{ An`a*gog"ic (#), An`a*gog"ic*al
(#), } a. Mystical; having a
secondary spiritual meaning; as, the rest of the
Sabbath, in an anagogical sense, signifies the repose of
the saints in heaven; an anagogical
explication. --
An`a*gog"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`a*gog"ics (#), n. pl.
Mystical interpretations or studies, esp. of the
Scriptures.
L. Addison.
An"a*go`gy (#), n. Same as
Anagoge.
An"a*gram (#), n. [F.
anagramme, LL. anagramma, fr. Gr. / back,
again + / to write. See Graphic.]
Literally, the letters of a word read backwards, but in its
usual wider sense, the change or one word or phrase into another
by the transposition of its letters. Thus Galenus
becomes angelus; William Noy
(attorney-general to Charles I., and a laborious man) may be
turned into I moyl in law.
An"a*gram, v. t. To anagrammatize.
Some of these anagramed his name, Benlowes, into
Benevolus.
Warburton.
{ An`a*gram*mat"ic (#),
An`a*gram*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. anagramtique.] Pertaining to,
containing, or making, anagram. --
An`a*gram*mat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`a*gram"ma*tism (#), n. [Gr.
/: cf. F. anagrammatisme.] The act or
practice of making anagrams.
Camden.
An`a*gram"ma*tist, n. [Cf. F.
anagrammatiste.] A maker anagrams.
An`a*gram"ma*tize (#), v. t.
[Gr. / cf. F. anagrammatiser.] To
transpose, as the letters of a word, so as to form an
anagram.
Cudworth.
An"a*graph (#), n. [Gr. / a
writing out, fr. / to write out, to record; / + / to
write.] An inventory; a record.
[Obs.]
Knowles.
{ \'d8An"a*kim (#), A"naks
(#), } n. pl. [Heb.]
(Bibl.) A race of giants living in
Palestine.
A"nal (#), a. [From
Anus.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or
situated near, the anus; as, the anal fin or
glands.
A*nal"cime (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / strong, / strength: cf. F.
analcime.] (Min.) A white or
flesh-red mineral, of the zeolite, occurring in isometric
crystals. By friction, it acquires a weak electricity;
hence its name.
A*nal"cite (#), n. [Gr. /
weak.] Analcime.
An`a*lec"tic (#), a. Relating
to analects; made up of selections; as, an analectic
magazine.
{ An"a*lects (#), \'d8
An`a*lec"ta (#), } n. pl.
[Gr. /, fr. / to collect; / + / to gather.]
A collection of literary fragments.
\'d8An`a*lem"ma (#), n. [L.
analemma a sun dial on a pedestal, showing the
latitude and meridian of a place, Gr. / a support, or thing
supported, a sun dial, fr. / to take up; / + / to
take.] 1. (Chem.) An orthographic
projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, the eye
being supposed at an infinite distance, and in the east or west
point of the horizon.
<-- p. 53 -->
2. An instrument of wood or brass, on which this
projection of the sphere is made, having a movable horizon or
cursor; -- formerly much used in solving some common astronomical
problems.
3. A scale of the sun's declination for each day of
the year, drawn across the torrid zone on an artificial
terrestrial globe.
{ \'d8An"a*lep"sis (#),
An"a*lep"sy (#), } [Gr. / a taking
up, or again, recovery, from /. See Analemma.]
(Med.) (a) Recovery of strength after
sickness. (b) A species of epileptic attack,
originating from gastric disorder.
An"a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
restorative: cf. F. analeptique. See
Analepsis.] (Med.) Restorative;
giving strength after disease. -- n. A
restorative.
\'d8An`al*ge"si*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / sense of pain.]
(Med.) Absence of sensibility to pain.
Quain.
An`al*lag*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + / a change.] (Math.) Not
changed in form by inversion.
Anallagmatic curves, a class of curves of the
fourth degree which have certain peculiar relations to circles;
-- sometimes called bicircular quartics. --
Anallagmatic surfaces, a certain class of surfaces
of the fourth degree.
An`al*lan*to"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Without, or not developing, an
allantois.
\'d8An`al*lan*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[Gr. / priv. + E. allantoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division of Vertebrata in which no
allantois is developed. It includes amphibians, fishes, and lower
forms.
A*nal"o*gal (#), a.
Analogous. [Obs.]
Donne.
An`a*log"ic (#), a. [See
Analogous.] Of or belonging to analogy.
Geo. Eliot.
An`a*log"ic*al (#), a. 1.
Founded on, or of the nature of, analogy; expressing or
implying analogy.
When a country which has sent out colonies is termed the
mother country, the expression is analogical.
J. S. Mill.
2. Having analogy; analogous.
Sir M. Hale.
An`a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In an analogical
sense; in accordance with analogy; by way of similitude.
A prince is analogically styled a pilot, being to
the state as a pilot is to the vessel.
Berkeley.
An`a*log"ic*al*ness, n. Quality of being
analogical.
A*nal"o*gism (#), n. [Gr. /
course of reasoning, fr. / to think over, to calculate]
1. Logic an argument from the cause to
the effect; an a priori argument.
Johnson.
2. Investigation of things by the analogy they bear
to each other.
Crabb.
A*nal"o*gist (#), n. One who
reasons from analogy, or represent, by analogy.
Cheyne.
A*nal"o*gize, v. i. To employ, or reason
by, analogy.
\'d8A*nal"o*gon (#), n. [Gr.
/.] Analogue.
A*nal"o*gous (#), a. [L.
analogous, Gr. / according to a due ratio,
proportionate; / + / ratio, proportion. See
Logic.] Having analogy; corresponding to
something else; bearing some resemblance or proportion; -- often
followed by to.
Analogous tendencies in arts and manners.
De Quincey.
Decay of public spirit, which may be considered
analogous to natural death.
J. H. Newman.
nalogous pole (Pyroelect.), that
pole of a crystal which becomes positively electrified when
heated.
Syn. -- Correspondent; similar; like.
-- A*nal"o gous*ly, adv. --
A*nal"o*gous*ness, n.
An"a*logue (?; 115), n. [F.
/, fr. Gr. /.] 1. That which is analogous
to, or corresponds with, some other thing.
The vexatious tyranny of the individual despot meets its
analogue in the insolent tyranny of the many.
I. Taylor.
2. (Philol.) A word in one language
corresponding with one in another; an analogous term; as, the
Latin \'bdpater\'b8 is the analogue of the English
\'bdfather.\'b8
3. (Nat. Hist.) (a) An organ
which is equivalent in its functions to a different organ in
another species or group, or even in the same group; as, the
gill of a fish is the analogue of a lung in a quadruped,
although the two are not of like structural relations.
(b) A species in one genus or group having its
characters parallel, one by one, with those of another
group. (c) A species or genus in one country
closely related to a species of the same genus, or a genus of the
same group, in another: such species are often called
representative species, and such genera,
representative genera.
Dana.
A*nal"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Analogies (#). [L.
analogia, Gr. /, fr. /: cf. F.
analogie. See Analogous.] 1.
A resemblance of relations; an agreement or likeness between
things in some circumstances or effects, when the things are
otherwise entirely different. Thus, learning
enlightens the mind, because it is to the mind what
light is to the eye, enabling it to discover things
before hidden.
Followed by between, to, or
with; as, there is an analogy between these
objects, or one thing has an analogy to or
with another.
Analogy is very commonly used to denote
similarity or essential resemblance; but its specific meaning is
a similarity of relations, and in this consists the
difference between the argument from example and that
from analogy. In the former, we argue from the mere
similarity of two things; in the latter, from the similarity of
their relations.
Karslake.
2. (Biol.) A relation or correspondence
in function, between organs or parts which are decidedly
different.
3. (Geom.) Proportion; equality of
ratios.
4. (Gram.) Conformity of words to the
genius, structure, or general rules of a language; similarity of
origin, inflection, or principle of pronunciation, and the like,
as opposed to an/xex>.
Johnson.
An"a*lyse (#), v.,
An"a*ly`ser (#), n., etc.
Same as Analyze, Analyzer, etc.
A*nal"y*sis (#), n.; pl.
Analyses (#). [Gr. /, fr. / to
unloose, to dissolve, to resolve into its elements; / up + /
to loose. See Loose.] 1. A
resolution of anything, whether an object of the senses or of the
intellect, into its constituent or original elements; an
examination of the component parts of a subject, each separately,
as the words which compose a sentence, the tones of a tune, or
the simple propositions which enter into an argument. It is
opposed to synthesis.
2. (Chem.) The separation of a compound
substance, by chemical processes, into its constituents, with a
view to ascertain either (a) what elements it contains,
or (b) how much of each element is present. The former
is called qualitative, and the latter
quantitative analysis.
3. (Logic) The tracing of things to
their source, and the resolving of knowledge into its original
principles.
4. (Math.) The resolving of problems by
reducing the conditions that are in them to equations.
5. (a) A syllabus, or table of the
principal heads of a discourse, disposed in their natural
order. (b) A brief, methodical illustration
of the principles of a science. In this sense it is nearly
synonymous with synopsis.
6. (Nat. Hist.) The process of
ascertaining the name of a species, or its place in a system of
classification, by means of an analytical table or key.
Ultimate, Proximate,
Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Volumetric analysis. (Chem.) See
under Ultimate, Proximate,
Qualitative, etc.
An"a*lyst (#), n. [F.
analyste. See Analysis.] One who
analyzes; formerly, one skilled in algebraical geometry; now
commonly, one skilled in chemical analysis.
{ An`a*lyt"ic (#), An`a*lyt"ic*al
(#), } a. [Gr. /: cf. F.
analytique. See Analysis.] Of or
pertaining to analysis; resolving into elements or constituent
parts; as, an analytical experiment;
analytic reasoning; -- opposed to
synthetic.
Analytical or co\'94rdinate
geometry. See under Geometry. --
Analytic language, a noninflectional language or
one not characterized by grammatical endings. --
Analytical table (Nat. Hist.), a table
in which the characteristics of the species or other groups are
arranged so as to facilitate the determination of their
names.
An`a*lyt"ic*al*ly, adv. In an analytical
manner.
An`a*lyt"ics (#), n. The
science of analysis.
An"a*ly`za*ble (#), a. That may
be analyzed.
An`a*ly*za"tion (#), n. The act
of analyzing, or separating into constituent parts;
analysis.
An"a*lyze (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Analyzed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Analyzing.] [Cf. F.
analyser. See Analysis.] To
subject to analysis; to resolve (anything complex) into its
elements; to separate into the constituent parts, for the purpose
of an examination of each separately; to examine in such a manner
as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined;
as, to analyze a fossil substance; to
analyze a sentence or a word; to analyze an
action to ascertain its morality.
No one, I presume, can analyze the sensations of
pleasure or pain.
Darwin.
An"a*ly`zer (#), n. 1.
One who, or that which, analyzes.
2. (Opt.) The part of a polariscope
which receives the light after polarization, and exhibits its
properties.
An`a*mese" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Anam, to southeastern Asia. --
n. A native of Anam.
\'d8An`am*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to remind, recall to memory; / + / to put in
mind.] (Rhet.) A recalling to mind;
recollection.
An`am*nes"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Aiding the memory; as, anamnestic
remedies.
An*am`ni*ot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Without, or not developing, an
amnion.
An`a*mor"phism (#), n. [Gr. /
again + / form.] 1. A distorted
image.
2. (Biol.) A gradual progression from
one type to another, generally ascending.
Huxley.
An`a*mor"pho*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to form anew; / again + / to form; /
form.] 1. (Persp.) A distorted or
monstrous projection or representation of an image on a plane or
curved surface, which, when viewed from a certain point, or as
reflected from a curved mirror or through a polyhedron, appears
regular and in proportion; a deformation of an image.
2. (Biol.) Same as Anamorphism,
2.
3. (Bot.) A morbid or monstrous
development, or change of form, or degeneration.
An`a*mor"pho*sy (#), n. Same as
Anamorphosis.
A*nan" (#), interj. [See
Anon.] An expression equivalent to What did
you say? Sir? Eh? [Obs.]
Shak.
\'d8A*na"nas (#), n. [Sp.
ananas, from the native American name.]
(Bot.) The pineapple (Ananassa
sativa).
An*an"drous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a man.] (Bot.) Destitute of
stamen/ as certain female flowers.
An*an"gu*lar (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. angular.] Containing no
angle. [R.]
An*an"ther*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. anther.] (Bot.)
Destitute of anthers.
Gray.
An*an"thous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / a flower.] (Bot.) Destitute of
flowers; flowerless.
An`a*p\'91st (#), An`a*p\'91s"tic
(#). Same as Anapest,
Anapestic.
An"a*pest (#), n. [L.
anapaestus, Gr. / an anapest, i.e., a
dactyl reserved, or, as it were, struck back; fr. /;
/ back + / to strike.] 1. (Pros.)
A metrical foot consisting of three syllables, the first two
short, or unaccented, the last long, or accented (#); the reverse
of the dactyl. In Latin d/-/-t\'bes,
and in English in-ter-vene/, are examples of
anapests.
2. A verse composed of such feet.
An`a*pes"tic (#), a. [L.
anapaesticus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to an
anapest; consisting of an anapests; as, an anapestic
meter, foot, verse. -- n.
Anapestic measure or verse.
An`a*pes"tic*al (#), a.
Anapestic.
\'d8A*naph"o*ra (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to carry up or back; / + / to
carry.] (Rhet.) A repetition of a word or
of words at the beginning of two or more successive
clauses.
\'d8An*aph`ro*dis"i*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / sexual pleasure, / the
goddess of love.] (Med.) Absence of sexual
appetite.
An*aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#), a. & n.
[Gr. / priv. + / pertaining to venery.]
(Med.) Same as Antaphrodisiac.
Dunglison.
An*aph`ro*dit"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ without love.] (Biol.) Produced without
concourse of sexes.
An`a*plas"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anaplasty.
An`a*plas`ty (#), n. [Gr. /
again + / to form: cf. F. anaplastie.]
(Surg.) The art of operation of restoring lost
parts or the normal shape by the use of healthy tissue.
An`a*ple*rot"ic (#), a. [L.
anapleroticus, fr. Gr. / to fill up; / + / to
fill.] (Med.) Filling up; promoting
granulation of wounds or ulcers. -- n.
A remedy which promotes such granulation.
A*nap"no*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
respiration + -graph.] A form of
spirometer.
An`ap*no"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
respiration.] (Med.) Relating to
respiration.
An*ap`o*deic"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + /. See Apodeictic.] Not
apodeictic; undemonstrable. [R.]
\'d8An`a*poph"y*sis (#), n.
[Gr. / back + / offshoot.] (Anat.)
An accessory process in many lumbar vertebr\'91.
An`ap*tot"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
back + / belonging to case.] Having lost, or tending
to lose, inflections by phonetic decay; as,
anaptotic languages.
\'d8An*ap"ty*chus (#), n.; pl.
Anaptichi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
unfolding; / back + / to fold.] (Paleon.)
One of a pair of shelly plates found in some cephalopods, as
the ammonites.
An"arch (#), n. [Gr. /
without head or chief; / priv. + / beginning, the first
place, magistracy, government.] The author of anarchy;
one who excites revolt.
Milton.
Imperial anarchs doubling human woes.
Byron.
A*nar"chal (#), a. Lawless;
anarchical. [R.]
We are in the habit of calling those bodies of men
anarchal which are in a state of effervescence.
Landor.
{ A*nar"chic (#), A*nar"chic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
anarchique.] Pertaining to anarchy; without
rule or government; in political confusion; tending to produce
anarchy; as, anarchic despotism; anarchical
opinions.
An"arch*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anarchisme.] The doctrine or practice of
anarchists.
An"arch*ist (#), n. [Cf. F.
anarchiste.] An anarch; one who advocates
anarchy of aims at the overthrow of civil government.
An"arch*ize (#), v. t. To
reduce to anarchy.
An"arch*y (#), n. [Gr. /: cf.
F. anarchie. See Anarch.] 1.
Absence of government; the state of society where there is
no law or supreme power; a state of lawlessness; political
confusion.
Spread anarchy and terror all around.
Cowper.
2. Hence, confusion or disorder, in general.
There being then . . . an anarchy, as I may term
it, in authors and their re/koning of years.
Fuller.
\'d8An`ar*throp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. / without joints + -poda. See
Anarthrous.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
divisions of Articulata in which there are no jointed legs, as
the annelids; -- opposed to Arthropoda.
An`ar*throp"o*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having no jointed legs; pertaining to
Anarthropoda.
An*ar"throus (#), a. [Gr. /
without joints, without the article; / priv. + / joint, the
article.] 1. (Gr. Gram.) Used
without the article; as, an anarthrous
substantive.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Without joints, or having
the joints indistinct, as some insects.
\'d8A"nas (#), n. [L.,
duck.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of water fowls,
of the order Anseres, including certain species of fresh-water
ducks.
\'d8An`a*sar"ca (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / throughout + /, /, flesh.]
(Med.) Dropsy of the subcutaneous cellular
tissue; an effusion of serum into the cellular substance,
occasioning a soft, pale, inelastic swelling of the skin.
An`a*sar"cous (#), a.
Belonging, or affected by, anasarca, or dropsy;
dropsical.
Wiseman.
An`a*stal"tic (#), a. & n. [Gr.
/ <-- p. 54 --> fitted for checking, fr. / + / to
send.] (Med.) Styptic.
[Obs.]
Coxe.
An"a*state (#), n. [Gr. / up
+ / to make to stand.] (Physiol.) One of
a series of substances formed, in secreting cells, by
constructive or anabolic processes, in the production of
protoplasm; -- opposed to katastate.
Foster.
An`a*stat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
up + / to make to stand: cf. / causing to stand.]
Pertaining to a process or a style of printing from
characters in relief on zinc plates.
In this process the letterpress, engraving, or design of
any kind is transferred to a zinc plate; the parts not covered
with ink are eaten out, leaving a facsimile in relief to be
printed from.
A*nas"to*mose (#), v. i.
[imp. p. p. Anastomozed
(#); p. pr. / vb. n.
Anastomosing.] [Cf. F.
anastomoser, fr. anastomose. See
Anastomosis.] (Anat. & Bot.) To
inosculate; to intercommunicate by anastomosis, as the arteries
and veins.
The ribbing of the leaf, and the anastomosing
network of its vessels.
I. Taylor.
\'d8A*nas`to*mo"sis (#), n.;
pl. Anastomoses (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / opening, fr. / to furnish with a mouth or opening,
to open; / + / mouth: cf. F. anastomose.]
(Anat. & Bot.) The inosculation of vessels, or
intercommunication between two or more vessels or nerves, as the
cross communication between arteries or veins.
A*nas`to*mot"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anastomosis.
\'d8A*nas"tro*phe (#), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / to turn up or back; / + / to turn.]
(Rhet. & Gram.) An inversion of the natural order
of words; as, echoed the hills, for, the hills
echoed.
A*nath"e*ma (#), n.; pl.
Anathemas (#). [L.
anath/ma, fr. Gr. / anything devoted, esp. to
evil, a curse; also L. anath/ma, fr. Gr. / a
votive offering; all fr. / to set up as a votive gift,
dedicate; / up + / to set. See Thesis.]
1. A ban or curse pronounced with religious
solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, and accompanied by
excommunication. Hence: Denunciation of anything as
accursed.
[They] denounce anathemas against unbelievers.
Priestley.
2. An imprecation; a curse; a malediction.
Finally she fled to London followed by the
anathemas of both [families].
Thackeray.
3. Any person or thing anathematized, or cursed by
ecclesiastical authority.
The Jewish nation were an anathema destined to
destruction. St. Paul . . . says he could wish, to save them from
it, to become an anathema, and be destroyed
himself.
Locke.
Anathema Maranatha (#) (see 1
Cor. xvi. 22), an expression commonly considered
as a highly intensified form of anathema. Maran
atha is now considered as a separate sentence, meaning,
\'bdOur Lord cometh.\'b8
A*nath`e*mat"ic (#),
A*nath`e*mat"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an anathema.
-- A*nath`e*mat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
A*nath"e*ma*tism (#), n. [Gr.
/ a cursing; cf. F. anath\'82matisme.]
Anathematization. [Obs.]
We find a law of Justinian forbidding anathematisms
to be pronounced against the Jewish Hellenists.
J. Taylor.
A*nath`e*ma*ti*za"tion (#), n.
[LL. anathematisatio.] The act of
anathematizing, or denouncing as accursed; imprecation.
Barrow.
A*nath"e*ma*tize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anathematized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anathematizing.] [L.
anathematizare, Gr. / to devote, make accursed: cf.
F. anath\'82matiser.] To pronounce an
anathema against; to curse. Hence: To condemn publicly as
something accursed.
Milton.
A*nath"e*ma*ti`zer (#), n. One
who pronounces an anathema.
Hammond.
\'d8A*nat"i*fa (#), n.; pl.
Anatif\'91 (#). [NL., contr. fr.
anatifera. See Anatiferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) An animal of the barnacle tribe, of
the genus Lepas, having a fleshy stem or peduncle; a
goose barnacle. See Cirripedia.
Anatif\'91, in the plural, is
often used for the whole group of pedunculated cirripeds.
A*nat"i*fer, (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Anatifa.
An`a*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
anas, anatis, a duck +
-ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing
ducks; -- applied to Anatif\'91, under the absurd
notion of their turning into ducks or geese. See
Barnacle.
An"a*tine (#), a. [L.
anatinus, fr. anas, anatis, a
duck.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
ducks; ducklike.
A*nat"o*cism (#), n. [L.
anatocismus, Gr. /; / again + / to lend on
interest.] (Law) Compound interest.
[R.]
Bouvier.
{ An`a*tom"ic (#), An`a*tom"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
anatomicus, Gr. /: cf. F. anatomique. See
Anatomy.] Of or relating to anatomy or
dissection; as, the anatomic art;
anatomical observations.
Hume.
An`a*tom"ic*al*ly, adv. In an anatomical
manner; by means of dissection.
A*nat"o*mism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anatomisme.] 1. The application of
the principles of anatomy, as in art.
The stretched and vivid anatomism of their [i.
e., the French] great figure
painters.
The London Spectator.
2. The doctrine that the anatomical structure
explains all the phenomena of the organism or of animal
life.
A*nat"o*mist (#), n. [Cf. F.
anatomiste.] One who is skilled in the art
of anatomy, or dissection.
A*nat`o*mi*za"tion (#), n. The
act of anatomizing.
A*nat"o*mize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anatomized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anatomizing.] [Cf. F.
anatomiser.] 1. To dissect; to cut
in pieces, as an animal vegetable body, for the purpose of
displaying or examining the structure and use of the several
parts.
2. To discriminate minutely or carefully; to
analyze.
If we anatomize all other reasonings of this
nature, we shall find that they are founded on the relation of
cause and effect.
Hume.
A*nat"o*mi`zer (#), n. A
dissector.
A*nat"o*my (#), n.; pl.
Anatomies (#). [F.
anatomie, L. anatomia, Gr. / dissection,
fr. / to cut up; / + / to cut.] 1. The
art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts
of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure,
and economy; dissection.
2. The science which treats of the structure of organic
bodies; anatomical structure or organization.
Let the muscles be well inserted and bound together, according
to the knowledge of them which is given us by
anatomy.
Dryden.
zomy; \'bdvegetable anatomy,\'b8 phytotomy;
\'bdhuman anatomy,\'b8 anthropotomy.
Comparative anatomy compares the structure of
different kinds and classes of animals.
3. A treatise or book on anatomy.
4. The act of dividing anything, corporeal or
intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts; analysis;
as, the anatomy of a discourse.
5. A skeleton; anything anatomized or dissected, or
which has the appearance of being so.
The anatomy of a little child, representing all
parts thereof, is accounted a greater rarity than the skeleton of
a man in full stature.
Fuller.
They brought one Pinch, a hungry, lean-faced villain,
A mere anatomy.
Shak.
An`a*trep"tic (#), a.
[overturning, fr. / to turn up or over; / + / too
turn.] Overthrowing; defeating; -- applied to Plato's
refutative dialogues.
Enfield.
\'d8An"a*tron (#), n. [F.
anatron, natron, Sp. anatron,
natron, fr. Ar. al-natr/n. See
Natron, Niter.] [Obs.]
1. Native carbonate of soda; natron.
2. Glass gall or sandiver.
3. Saltpeter.
Coxe. Johnson.
{ A*nat"ro*pal (#), A*nat"ro*pous
(#), } a. [Gr. / up + / to
turn.] (Bot.) Having the ovule inverted at
an early period in its development, so that the chalaza is as the
apparent apex; -- opposed to orthotropous.
Gray.
A*nat"to (#), n. Same as
Annotto.
An"bur-y (#), Am"bur*y
(#), n. [AS. ampre,
ompre, a crooked swelling vein: cf. Prov. E.
amper a tumor with inflammation. Cf. the first
syllable in agnail, and berry a
fruit.] 1. (Far.) A soft tumor or
bloody wart on horses or oxen.
2. A disease of the roots of turnips, etc.; --
called also fingers and toes.
*ance. [F. -ance, fr. L.
-antia and also fr. -entia.] A
suffix signifying action; also, quality or state; as,
assistance, resistance, appearance,
elegance. See -ancy.
ance or -ence, according to the Latin
spelling.
An"ces*tor (#), n. [OE.
ancestre, auncestre, also
ancessour; the first forms fr. OF.
ancestre, F. anc\'88tre, fr. the L. nom.
antessor one who goes before; the last form fr. OF.
ancessor, fr. L. acc. antecessorem, fr.
antecedere to go before; ante before +
cedere to go. See Cede, and cf.
Antecessor.] 1. One from whom a
person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at
any distance of time; a progenitor; a fore father.
2. (Biol.) An earlier type; a
progenitor; as, this fossil animal is regarded as the
ancestor of the horse.
3. (Law) One from whom an estate has
descended; -- the correlative of heir.
An`ces*to"ri*al (#), a.
Ancestral.
Grote.
An`ces*to"ri*al*ly, adv. With regard to
ancestors.
An*ces"tral (?; 277), a. Of,
pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or
ancestors; as, an ancestral estate.
\'bdAncestral trees.\'b8
Hemans.
An"ces*tress (#), n. A female
ancestor.
An"ces*try (#), n. [Cf. OF.
ancesserie. See Ancestor.] 1.
Condition as to ancestors; ancestral lineage; hence, birth
or honorable descent.
Title and ancestry render a good man more
illustrious, but an ill one more contemptible.
Addison.
2. A series of ancestors or progenitors; lineage,
or those who compose the line of natural descent.
An"chor (#), n. [OE.
anker, AS. ancor, oncer, L.
ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr.
/, akin to E. angle: cf. F. ancre. See
Angle, n.] 1. A iron
instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable (rope or
chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays hold of the earth
by a fluke or hook and thus retains the ship in a particular
station.
shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a
stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the
other end the crown, from which branch out two or more
arms with flukes, forming with the shank a
suitable angle to enter the ground.
Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the
sheet anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or
last refuge), called also waist anchor. Now
the bower and the sheet anchor are usually
alike. Then came the best bower and the small
bower (so called from being carried on the bows). The
stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower
anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light
anchors used in warping.
2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose
like that of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold
a dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable, or
other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to hold the
core of a mold in place.
3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security;
that on which we place dependence for safety.
Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul.
Heb. vi. 19.
4. (Her.) An emblem of hope.
5. (Arch.) (a) A metal tie
holding adjoining parts of a building together.
(b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or
arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain moldings. It is
seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor (called also
egg-and-dart,
egg-and-tongue) ornament.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the anchor-shaped
spicules of certain sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules
of certain Holothurians, as in species of
Synapta.
Anchor ice. See under Ice. --
Anchor ring. (Math.) Same as
Annulus, 2 (b). -- Anchor stock
(Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank at
right angles to the arms. -- The anchor comes
home, when it drags over the bottom as the ship
drifts. -- Foul anchor, the anchor when it
hooks, or is entangled with, another anchor, or with a cable or
wreck, or when the slack cable entangled. -- The anchor
is acockbill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from
the cathead, ready to be let go. -- The anchor is
apeak, when the cable is drawn in do tight as to bring
to ship directly over it. -- The anchor is
atrip, or aweigh, when it is lifted
out of the ground. -- The anchor is awash,
when it is hove up to the surface of the water. --
At anchor, anchored. -- To back an
anchor, to increase the holding power by laying down a
small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides, with the
cable fastened to the crown of the latter to prevent its coming
home. -- To cast anchor, to drop or let go an
anchor to keep a ship at rest. -- To cat the
anchor, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and pass the
ring-stopper. -- To fish the anchor, to hoist
the flukes to their resting place (called the bill-boards), and
pass the shank painter. -- To weigh anchor,
to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail away.
An"chor (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anchored
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchoring.] [Cf. F.
ancrer.] 1. To place at anchor; to
secure by an anchor; as, to anchor a
ship.
2. To fix or fasten; to fix in a stable condition;
as, to anchor the cables of a suspension
bridge.
Till that my nails were anchored in thine eyes.
Shak.
An"chor, v. i. 1. To cast
anchor; to come to anchor; as, our ship (or the captain)
anchored in the stream.
2. To stop; to fix or rest.
My invention . . . anchors on Isabel.
Shak.
An"chor, n. [OE. anker,
ancre, AS. ancra, fr. L.
anachoreta. See Anchoret.] An
anchoret. [Obs.]
Shak.
An"chor*a*ble (#), a. Fit for
anchorage.
An"chor*age (#), n. 1.
The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at
anchor.
2. A place suitable for anchoring or where ships
anchor; a hold for an anchor.
3. The set of anchors belonging to a ship.
4. Something which holds like an anchor; a hold;
as, the anchorages of the Brooklyn
Bridge.
5. Something on which one may depend for security;
ground of trust.
6. A toll for anchoring; anchorage duties.
Johnson.
An"cho*rage (#), n. Abode of an
anchoret.
An"chor*ate (#), a.
Anchor-shaped.
An"chored (#), a. 1.
Held by an anchor; at anchor; held safely; as, an
anchored bark; also, shaped like an anchor; forked;
as, an anchored tongue.
2. (Her.) Having the extremities turned
back, like the flukes of an anchor; as, an anchored
cross. [Sometimes spelt
ancred.]
An"cho*ress (#), n. A female
anchoret.
And there, a saintly anchoress, she dwelt.
Wordsworth.
An"cho*ret (#), An"cho*rite
(#), n. [F. anachor\'8ate, L.
anachoreta, fr. Gr. /, fr. / to go back, retire;
/ + / to give place, retire, / place; perh. akin to Skr.
h\'be to leave. Cf. Anchor a hermit.]
One who renounces the world and secludes himself, usually
for religious reasons; a hermit; a recluse. [Written
by some authors anachoret.]
Our Savior himself . . . did not choose an
anchorite's or a monastic life, but a social and
affable way of conversing with mortals.
Boyle.
{ An`cho*ret"ic (#),
An`cho*ret"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. Gr. /.] Pertaining to an anchoret or
hermit; after the manner of an anchoret.
An"cho*ret`ish (#), a.
Hermitlike.
An"cho*ret*ism (#), n. The
practice or mode of life of an anchoret.
An"chor-hold` (#), n. 1.
The hold or grip of an anchor, or that to which it
holds.
2. Hence: Firm hold: security.
An"cho*rite (#), n. Same as
Anchoret.
An"cho*ri`tess (#), n. An
anchoress. [R.]
An"chor*less (#), a. Without an
anchor or stay. Hence: Drifting; unsettled.
An*cho"vy (#), n. [Sp.
anchoa, anchova, or Pg. anchova,
prob. of Iberian origin, and lit. a dried or pickled fish, fr.
Bisc. antzua dry: cf. D. anchovis, F.
anchois.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
fish, about three inches in length, of the Herring family
(Engraulis encrasicholus), caught in vast numbers in
the Mediterranean, and pickled for exportation. The name is also
applied to several allied species.
<-- p. 55 -->
An*cho"vy pear` (#). (Bot.) A
West Indian fruit like the mango in taste, sometimes pickled;
also, the tree (Grias cauliflora) bearing this
fruit.
An"chu*sin (#), n. [L.
anchusa the plant alkanet, Gr. /.]
(Chem.) A resinoid coloring matter obtained from
alkanet root.
An"chy*lose (#), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Anchylosed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anchylosing.] [Cf. F.
ankyloser.] To affect or be affected with
anchylosis; to unite or consolidate so as to make a stiff joint;
to grow together into one. [Spelt also
ankylose.]
Owen.
\'d8An`chy*lo"sis, An`ky*lo"sis
(#), n. [NL., fr. Gr. /, fr. /, fr.
/ to crook, stiffen, fr. / crooked: cf. F.
ankylose.] 1. (Med.)
Stiffness or fixation of a joint; formation of a stiff
joint.
Dunglison.
2. (Anat.) The union of two or more
separate bones to from a single bone; the close union of bones or
other structures in various animals.
An`chy*lot"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anchylosis.
An"cient (#), a. [OE.
auncien, F. ancien, LL.
antianus, fr. L. ante before. See
Ante-, pref.] 1. Old;
that happened or existed in former times, usually at a great
distance of time; belonging to times long past; specifically
applied to the times before the fall of the Roman empire; --
opposed to modern; as, ancient authors,
literature, history; ancient days.
Witness those ancient empires of the earth.
Milton.
Gildas Albanius . . . much ancienter than his
namesake surnamed the Wise.
Fuller.
2. Old; that has been of long duration; of long
standing; of great age; as, an ancient forest; an
ancient castle. \'bdOur ancient
bickerings.\'b8
Shak.
Remove not the ancient landmarks, which thy fathers
have set.
Prov. xxii. 28.
An ancient man, strangely habited, asked for
quarters.
Scott.
3. Known for a long time, or from early times; --
opposed to recent or new; as, the
ancient continent.
A friend, perhaps, or an ancient acquaintance.
Barrow.
4. Dignified, like an aged man; magisterial;
venerable. [Archaic]
He wrought but some few hours of the day, and then would he
seem very grave and ancient.
Holland.
5. Experienced; versed. [Obs.]
Though [he] was the youngest brother, yet he was the most
ancient in the business of the realm.
Berners.
6. Former; sometime. [Obs.]
They mourned their ancient leader lost.
Pope.
Ancient demesne (Eng. Law), a
tenure by which all manors belonging to the crown, in the reign
of William the Conqueror, were held. The numbers, names, etc., of
these were all entered in a book called Domesday
Book. -- Ancient lights (Law),
windows and other openings which have been enjoined without
molestation for more than twenty years. In England, and in some
of the United States, they acquire a prescriptive
right.
Syn. -- Old; primitive; pristine; antique; antiquated;
old-fashioned; obsolete. -- Ancient,
Antiquated, Obsolete, Antique,
Antic, Old. -- Ancient is opposed to
modern, and has antiquity; as, an ancient
family, ancient landmarks, ancient
institutions, systems of thought, etc.
Antiquated describes that which has gone out of use or
fashion; as, antiquated furniture,
antiquated laws, rules, etc. Obsolete
is commonly used, instead of antiquated, in reference
to language, customs, etc.; as, an obsolete word or
phrase, an obsolete expression. Antique
is applied, in present usage, either to that which has come down
from the ancients; as, an antique cameo, bust,
etc. ; or to that which is made to imitate some ancient work
of art; as, an antique temple. In the days of
Shakespeare, antique was often used for
ancient; as, \'bdan antique song,\'b8
\'bdan antique Roman;\'b8 and hence, from singularity
often attached to what is ancient, it was used in the sense of
grotesque; as, \'bdan oak whose antique root peeps
out; \'b8 and hence came our present word antic,
denoting grotesque or ridiculous. We usually apply both
ancient and old to things subject to
gradual decay. We say, an old man, an
ancient record; but never, the old stars,
an old river or mountain. In general, however,
ancient is opposed to modern, and
old to new, fresh, or
recent. When we speak of a thing that existed
formerly, which has ceased to exist, we commonly use
ancient; as, ancient republics,
ancient heroes; and not old republics,
old heroes. But when the thing which began or existed
in former times is still in existence, we use either
ancient or old; as, ancient
statues or paintings, or old statues or paintings;
ancient authors, or old authors, meaning
books.
An"cient, n. 1. pl.
Those who lived in former ages, as opposed to the
moderns.
2. An aged man; a patriarch. Hence: A governor; a
ruler; a person of influence.
The Lord will enter into judgment with the ancients
of his people, and the princes thereof.
Isa. iii. 14.
3. A senior; an elder; a predecessor.
[Obs.]
Junius and Andronicus . . . in Christianity . . . were his
ancients.
Hooker.
4. pl. (Eng. Law) One of the
senior members of the Inns of Court or of Chancery.
Council of Ancients (French Hist.),
one of the two assemblies composing the legislative bodies in
1795.
Brande.
An"cient, n. [Corrupted from
ensign.] 1. An ensign or
flag. [Obs.]
More dishonorable ragged than an old-faced
ancient.
Shak.
2. The bearer of a flag; an ensign.
[Obs.]
This is Othello's ancient, as I take it.
Shak.
An"cient*ly, adv. 1. In ancient
times.
2. In an ancient manner. [R.]
An"cient*ness, n. The quality of being
ancient; antiquity; existence from old times.
An"cient*ry (#), n. 1.
Antiquity; what is ancient.
They contain not word of ancientry.
West.
2. Old age; also, old people.
[R.]
Wronging the ancientry.
Shak.
3. Ancient lineage; ancestry; dignity of
birth.
A gentleman of more ancientry than estate.
Fuller.
An"cient*y (#), n. [F.
anciennet\'82, fr. ancien. See
Ancient.] 1. Age; antiquity.
[Obs.]
Martin.
2. Seniority. [Obs.]
\'d8An*ci"le (#), n. [L.]
(Rom. Antiq.) The sacred shield of the Romans,
said to have-fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. It was the
palladium of Rome.
An"cil*la*ry (#), a. [L.
ancillaris, fr. ancilla a female
servant.] Subservient or subordinate, like a handmaid;
auxiliary.
The Convocation of York seems to have been always considered
as inferior, and even ancillary, to the greater
province.
Hallam.
An*cille" (#), n. [OF.
ancelle, L. ancilla.] A
maidservant; a handmaid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ An*cip"i*tal (#), An*cip"i*tous
(#), } a. [L. anceps,
ancipitis, two-headed, double; an- for
amb- on both sides + caput head.]
(Bot.) Two-edged instead of round; -- said of
certain flattened stems, as those of blue grass, and rarely also
of leaves.
An*cis"troid (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ a hook + / shape.] Hook-shaped.
An"cle (#), n. See
Ankle.
An"come (#), n. [AS.
ancuman, oncuman, to come.] A
small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly; also, a whitlow.
[Obs.]
Boucher.
\'d8An"con (#), n.; L. pl.
Ancones (#). [L., fr. Gr. / the
bent arm, elbow; any hook or bend.] (Anat.)
The olecranon, or the elbow.
Ancon sheep (Zo\'94l.), a breed of
sheep with short crooked legs and long back. It originated in
Massachusetts in 1791; -- called also the otter
breed.
{ An"con (#), An"cone
(#), } n. [See Ancon,
above.] (Arch.) (a) The corner or
quoin of a wall, cross-beam, or rafter. [Obs.]
Gwilt. (b) A bracket supporting a cornice;
a console.
{ An"co*nal (#), An*co"ne*al
(#), } a. (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the ancon or elbow. \'bdThe olecranon on
anconeal process.\'b8
Flower.
\'d8An*co"ne*us (#), n. [NL.,
fr. L. ancon elbow.] (Anat.) A
muscle of the elbow and forearm.
An"co*noid (#), a. Elbowlike;
anconal.
An"co*ny (#), n. [Origin
unknown.] (Iron Work) A piece of malleable
iron, wrought into the shape of a bar in the middle, but
unwrought at the ends.
-an*cy. [L. -antia.-] A
suffix expressing more strongly than -ance the idea of
quality or state; as, constancy, buoyancy,
infancy.
And (#), conj. [AS.
and; akin to OS. endi, Icel.
enda, OHG. anti, enti,
inti, unti, G. und, D.
en, OD. ende. Cf, An if,
Ante-.] 1. A particle which
expresses the relation of connection or addition. It is used to
conjoin a word with a word, a clause with a clause, or a sentence
with a sentence.
(a) It is sometimes used emphatically; as, \'bdthere are
women and women,\'b8 that is, two very different sorts
of women.
(b) By a rhetorical figure, notions, one of which is modificatory
of the other, are connected by and; as, \'bdthe
tediousness and process of my travel,\'b8 that is, the
tedious process, etc.; \'bdthy fair and outward
character,\'b8 that is, thy outwardly fair character,
Schmidt's Shak. Lex.
2. In order to; -- used instead of the infinitival
to, especially after try, come,
go.
At least to try and teach the erring soul.
Milton.
3. It is sometimes, in old songs, a mere
expletive.
When that I was and a little tiny boy.
Shak.
4. If; though. See An,
conj. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
As they will set an house on fire, and it were but
to roast their eggs.
Bacon.
And so forth, and others; and the rest; and
similar things; and other things or ingredients. The
abbreviation, etc. (et cetera), or
&c., is usually read and so forth.
An"da*ba*tism (#), n. [L.
andabata a kind of Roman gladiator, who fought
hoodwinked.] Doubt; uncertainty.
[Obs.]
Shelford.
An`da*lu"site (#), n.
(Min.) A silicate of aluminium, occurring usually
in thick rhombic prisms, nearly square, of a grayish or pale
reddish tint. It was first discovered in Andalusia, Spain.
\'d8An*dan"te (#), a. [It.
andante, p. pr. of andare to go.]
(Mus.) Moving moderately slow, but distinct and
flowing; quicker than larghetto, and slower than
allegretto. -- n. A movement or
piece in andante time.
\'d8An`dan*ti"no (#), a. [It.,
dim. of andante.] (Mus.) Rather
quicker than andante; between that allegretto.
andante in its original
sense of \'bdgoing,\'b8 and andantino as its
diminutive, or \'bdless going,\'b8 define the latter as slower
than andante.
An"da*rac (#), n. [A corruption
of sandarac.] Red orpiment.
Coxe.
An*de"an, a. Pertaining to the
Andes.
An"des*ine (#), n. (Min.)
A kind of triclinic feldspar found in the
Andes.
An"des*ite (#), n. (Min.)
An eruptive rock allied to trachyte, consisting essentially
of a triclinic feldspar, with pyroxene, hornblende, or
hypersthene.
An"dine (#), a. Andean; as,
Andine flora.
And"i`ron (#), n. [OE.
anderne, aunderne, aundyre, OF.
andier, F. landier, fr. LL.
andena, andela, anderia, of
unknown origin. The Eng. was prob. confused with
brand-iron, AS.
brand-\'c6sen.] A utensil for
supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on
each side; a firedog; as, a pair of
andirons.
An`dra*nat"o*my (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, man + /: cf. F. andranatomie. See
Anatomy, Androtomy.] The dissection
of a human body, especially of a male; androtomy.
Coxe.
\'d8An*dr\'d2"ci*um (#), n.
[NL., from Gr. /, /, man + / house.]
(bot.) The stamens of a flower taken
collectively.
An"dro*gyne (#), n. 1.
An hermaphrodite.
2. (Bot.) An androgynous plant.
Whewell.
{ An*drog"y*nous (#),
An*drog"y*nal (#), } a.
[L. androgynus, Gr. /; /, /, man + /
woman: cf. F. androgyne.] 1.
Uniting both sexes in one, or having the characteristics of
both; being in nature both male and female; hermaphroditic.
Owen.
The truth is, a great mind must be androgynous.
Coleridge.
2. (Bot.) Bearing both staminiferous and
pistilliferous flowers in the same cluster.
{ An*drog"y*ny (#),
An*drog"y*nism (#), } n.
Union of both sexes in one individual;
hermaphroditism.
{ An"droid (#), \'d8 An*droi"des
(#), } n. [Gr. / of man's form;
/, /, man + / form.] A machine or automaton in
the form of a human being.
An"droid, a. Resembling a man.
An*drom"e*da (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia. When bound to a
rock and exposed to a sea monster, she was delivered by
Perseus.] 1. (Astron.) A northern
constellation, supposed to represent the mythical
Andromeda.
2. (bot.) A genus of ericaceous
flowering plants of northern climates, of which the original
species was found growing on a rock surrounded by water.
\'d8An"dron (#), n. [L.
andron, Gr. /, fr. /, /, man.] (Gr. &
Rom. Arch.) The apartment appropriated for the males.
This was in the lower part of the house.
An`dro*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/, /, man + / leaf.] (Bot.) Produced
by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as double flowers,
like the garden ranunculus.
Brande.
\'d8An*droph"a*gi (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /; /, /, man + / to eat.]
Cannibals; man-eaters; anthropophagi.
[R.]
An*droph"a*gous (#), a.
Anthropophagous.
An"dro*phore (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / to bear.] 1. (Bot.)
A support or column on which stamens are raised.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The part which in some
Siphonophora bears the male gonophores.
An"dro*sphinx (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / sphinx.] (Egypt. Art.) A man
sphinx; a sphinx having the head of a man and the body of a
lion.
An"dro*spore (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, a man + / a seed.] (Bot.) A spore of
some alg\'91, which has male functions.
An*drot"o*mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Having the filaments of the stamens
divided into two parts.
An*drot"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, man + / a cutting. Cf. Anatomy.]
Dissection of the human body, as distinguished from
zo\'94tomy; anthropotomy. [R.]
*an"drous (#). [Gr. /, /, a
man.] (Bot.) A terminal combining form:
Having a stamen or stamens; staminate; as,
monandrous, with one stamen; polyandrous, with
many stamens.
A*near" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + near.]
Near. [R.] \'bdIt did not come
anear.\'b8
Coleridge.
The measure of misery anear us.
I. Taylor.
A*near", v. t. & i. To near; to
approach. [Archaic]
A*neath" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + neath for
beneath.] Beneath.
[Scot.]
An"ec*do`tage (#), n. Anecdotes
collectively; a collection of anecdotes.
All history, therefore, being built partly, and some of it
altogether, upon anecdotage, must be a tissue of
lies.
De Quincey.
An"ec*do`tal (#), a. Pertaining
to, or abounding with, anecdotes; as, anecdotal
conversation.
An"ec*dote (#), n. [F.
anecdote, fr. Gr. / not published; / priv. + /
given out, / to give out, to publish; / out + / to give.
See Dose, n.] 1.
pl. Unpublished narratives.
Burke.
2. A particular or detached incident or fact of an
interesting nature; a biographical incident or fragment; a single
passage of private life.
{ An`ec*dot"ic (#),
An`ec*dot"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to, consisting of, or addicted to,
anecdotes. \'bdAnecdotical traditions.\'b8
Bolingbroke.
An"ec*do"tist (#), n. One who
relates or collects anecdotes.
An"e*lace (#), n. Same as
Anlace.
A*nele" (#), v. t. [OE.
anelien; an on + AS. ele oil, L.
oleum. See Oil, Anoil.]
1. To anoint.
Shipley.
2. To give extreme unction to.
[Obs.]
R. of Brunne.
An`e*lec"tric (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + E. electric.] (Physics)
Not becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to
idioelectric. -- n. A
substance incapable of being electrified by
friction.
Faraday.
An`e*lec"trode (#), n. [Gr. /
up + E. electrode.] (Elec.) The
positive pole of a voltaic battery.
\'d8An`e*lec*trot"o*nus (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / up + E. electrotonus.]
(Physiol.) The condition of decreased
irritability of a nerve in the region of the positive electrode
or anode on the passage of a current of electricity through
it.
Foster.
A*nem"o*gram (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -gram.] A record made by an
anemograph.
A*nem"o*graph (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -graph.] An instrument for measuring
and recording the direction and force of the wind.
Knight.
<-- p. 56 -->
A*nem`o*graph"ic (#), a.
Produced by an anemograph; of or pertaining to
anemography.
An`e*mog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ wind + -graphy.] 1. A
description of the winds.
2. The art of recording the direction and force of
the wind, as by means of an anemograph.
An`e*mol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -logy.] The science of the
wind.
An`e*mom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -meter.] An instrument for measuring
the force or velocity of the wind; a wind gauge.
{ An`e*mo*met"ric (#),
An`e*mo*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to anemometry.
An`e*mo*met"ro*graph (#), n.
[Anemometer + -graph.] An
anemograph.
Knight.
An`e*mom"e*try (#), n. The act
or process of ascertaining the force or velocity of the
wind.
A*nem"o*ne (#), n. [L.
anemone, Gr. /, fr. / wind.] 1.
(Bot.) A genus of plants of the
Ranunculus or Crowfoot family; windflower. Some of the
species are cultivated in gardens.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The sea anemone. See
Actinia, and Sea anemone.
/n//-m//-n/, especially by classical
scholars.
An`e*mon"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable
substance, obtained from, the anemone, or from anemonin.
A*nem"o*nin (#), n.
(Chem.) An acrid, poisonous, crystallizable
substance, obtained from some species of anemone.
A*nem"o*ny (#), n. See
Anemone.
Sandys.
An`e*morph"i*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ wind + / lover.] (Bot.) Fertilized by
the agency of the wind; -- said of plants in which the pollen is
carried to the stigma by the wind; wind-Fertilized.
Lubbock.
A*nem"o*scope (#), n. [Gr. /
wind + -scope: cf. F. an\'82moscope.] An
instrument which shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a
weathercock; -- usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a
vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with
pointers to show the changes of the wind.
{ An*en`ce*phal"ic (#),
An`en*ceph"a*lous (#), } a.
[Gr. /, priv. + / the brain: cf.
Encephalon.] (Zo\'94l.) Without a
brain; brainless.
Todd & B.
{ A*nenst" (#), A*nent"
(#), } prep. [OE.
anent, anentis, anence,
anens, anents, AS. onefen,
onemn; an, on, on +
efen even, equal; hence meaning, on an equality with,
even with, beside. See Even, a.]
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.] 1. Over against;
as, he lives anent the church.
2. About; concerning; in respect; as, he said
nothing anent this particular.
An*en"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / intestine, / within, / in.]
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a stomach or an
intestine.
Owen.
An"e*roid (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / wet, moist + -oid: cf. F.
an\'82ro\'8bde.] Containing no liquid; --
said of kind of barometer.
Aneroid barometer, a barometer the action of
which depends on the varying pressure of the atmosphere upon the
elastic top of a metallic box (shaped like a watch) from which
the air has been exhausted. An index shows the variation of
pressure.
An"e*roid, n. An aneroid
barometer.
Anes (#), adv. Once.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8An`es*the"si*a (#), n.,
An`es*thet"ic (#), a. Same as
An\'91sthesia, An\'91sthetic.
An"et (#), n. [F.
aneth, fr. L. anethum, Gr. /. See
Anise.] The herb dill, or dillseed.
An"e*thol (#), n. [L.
anethum (see Anise) + -ol.]
(Chem.) A substance obtained from the volatile
oils of anise, fennel, etc., in the form of soft shining scales;
-- called also anise camphor.
Watts.
A*net"ic (#), a. [L.
aneticus, Gr. / relaxing; / back + / to
send.] (Med.) Soothing.
An"eu*rism (#), n. [Gr. /,
/, a widening, an opening; / up + / wide.]
(Med.) A soft, pulsating, hollow tumor,
containing blood, arising from the preternatural dilation or
rupture of the coats of an artery. [Written also
aneurysm.]
An`eu*ris"mal (#), a.
(Med.) Of or pertaining to an aneurism; as,
an aneurismal tumor; aneurismal
diathesis. [Written also
aneurysmal.]
A*new" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + new.] Over again; another
time; in a new form; afresh; as, to arm anew; to
create anew.
Dryden.
An*frac"tu*ose` (?; 135), a.
[See Anfractuous.] Anfractuous; as,
anfractuose anthers.
An*frac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n.;
l. Anfractuosities (#). [Cf. F.
anfractuosit\'82.] 1. A state of
being anfractuous, or full of windings and turnings;
sinuosity.
The anfractuosities of his intellect and
temper.
Macaulay.
2. (Anat.) A sinuous depression or
sulcus like those separating the convolutions of the brain.
An*frac"tu*ous (#), a. [L.
anfractuosus, fr. anfractus a turning, a
winding, fr. the unused anfringere to wind, bend;
an-, for amb- + fractus, p. p.
of frangere to break: cf. F.
anfractueux.] Winding; full of windings and
turnings; sinuous; tortuous; as, the anfractuous
spires of a born. --
An*frac"tu*ous*ness,
n.
An*frac"ture (#), n. A mazy
winding.
An*ga"ri*a"tion (#), n. [LL.
angariatio, fr. L. angaria service to a
lord, villenage, fr. anga//us, Gr. / (a Persian
word), a courier for carrying royal dispatches.]
Exaction of forced service; compulsion.
[Obs.]
Speed.
An`gei*ol"o*gy (#), n.,
An`gei*ot"o*my, etc. Same as
Angiology, Angiotomy, etc.
An"gel (#), n. [AS.
\'91angel, engel, influenced by OF.
angele, angle, F. ange. Both the
AS. and the OF. words are from L. angelus, Gr. /
messenger, a messenger of God, an angel.] 1.
A messenger. [R.]
The dear good angel of the Spring,
The nightingale.
B. Jonson.
2. A spiritual, celestial being, superior to man in
power and intelligence. In the Scriptures the angels appear as
God's messengers.
O, welcome, pure-eyed Faith, white-handed Hope,
Thou hovering angel, girt with golden wings.
Milton.
3. One of a class of \'bdfallen angels;\'b8 an evil
spirit; as, the devil and his angels.
4. A minister or pastor of a church, as in the
Seven Asiatic churches. [Archaic]
Unto-the angel of the church of Ephesus write.
Rev. ii. 1.
5. Attendant spirit; genius; demon.
Shak.
6. An appellation given to a person supposed to be
of angelic goodness or loveliness; a darling.
When pain and anguish wring the brow.
Sir W. Scott.
7. (Numis.) An ancient gold coin of
England, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael. It varied
in value from 6s. 8d. to
10s.
Amer. Cyc.
Angel is sometimes used adjectively; as,
angel grace; angel whiteness.
Angel bed, a bed without posts. --
Angel fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A
species of shark (Squatina angelus) from six to eight
feet long, found on the coasts of Europe and North America. It
takes its name from its pectoral fins, which are very large and
extend horizontally like wings when spread. (b) One of
several species of compressed, bright colored fishes warm seas,
belonging to the family, Ch\'91todontid\'91. --
Angel gold, standard gold. [Obs.]
Fuller. -- Angel shark. See
Angel fish. -- Angel shot
(Mil.), a kind of chain shot. -- Angel
water, a perfumed liquid made at first chiefly from
angelica; afterwards containing rose, myrtle, and
orange-flower waters, with ambergris, etc.
[Obs.]
An"gel*age (#), n. Existence or
state of angels.
An"gel*et (#), n. [OF.
angelet.] A small gold coin formerly
current in England; a half angel.
Eng. Cyc.
An"gel fish. See under Angel.
An"gel*hood (#), n. The state
of being an angel; angelic nature.
Mrs. Browning.
{ An*gel"ic (#), An*gel"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
angelicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
ang\'82lique.] Belonging to, or proceeding
from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the
nature of, an angel; heavenly; divine.
\'bdAngelic harps.\'b8
Thomson.\'bdAngelical actions.\'b8
Hooker.
The union of womanly tenderness and angelic
patience.
Macaulay.
Angelic Hymn, a very ancient hymn of the
Christian Church; -- so called from its beginning with the song
of the heavenly host recorded in Luke ii. 14.
Eadie.
An*gel"ic, a. [From
Angelica.] (Chem.) Of or derived
from angelica; as, angelic acid; angelic
ether.
Angelic acid, an acid obtained from angelica
and some other plants.
An*gel"i*ca (#), n. [NL. See
Angelic.] (Bot.) 1. An
aromatic umbelliferous plant (Archangelica officinalis
or Angelica archangelica) the leaf stalks of which are
sometimes candied and used in confectionery, and the roots and
seeds as an aromatic tonic.
2. The candied leaf stalks of angelica.
Angelica tree, a thorny North American shrub
(Aralia spinosa), called also Hercules'
club.
An*gel"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Like
an angel.
An*gel"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being angelic; excellence more than human.
An*gel"i*fy (#), v. t. To make
like an angel; to angelize. [Obs.]
Farindon (1647).
An"gel*ize (#), v. t. To raise
to the state of an angel; to render angelic.
It ought not to be our object to angelize, nor to
brutalize, but to humanize man.
W. Taylor.
An"gel*like` (#), a. & adv.
Resembling an angel.
An`gel*ol"a*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ angel + / service, worship.] Worship paid to
angels.
An`gel*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L.
angelus, Gr. / + -logy.] A
discourse on angels, or a body of doctrines in regard to
angels.
The same mythology commanded the general consent; the same
angelology, demonology.
Milman.
An`gel*oph"a*ny (#), n. [Gr.
/ angel + / to appear.] The actual appearance of
an angel to man.
An"ge*lot (#), n. [F.
angelot, LL. angelotus,
angellotus, dim. of angelus. See
Angel.] 1. A French gold coin of the
reign of Louis XI., bearing the image of St. Michael; also, a
piece coined at Paris by the English under Henry VI.
[Obs.]
2. An instrument of music, of the lute kind, now
disused.
Johnson. R. Browning.
3. A sort of small, rich cheese, made in
Normandy.
\'d8An"ge*lus (#), n.
[L.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A form
of devotion in which three Ave Marias are repeated. It is said at
morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell.
(b) The Angelus bell.
Shipley.
An"ger (#), n. [OE.
anger, angre, affliction, anger, fr. Icel.
angr affliction, sorrow; akin to Dan. anger
regret, Swed. \'86nger regret, AS. ange
oppressed, sad, L. angor a strangling, anguish,
angere to strangle, Gr. / to strangle, Skr.
amhas pain, and to. anguish,
anxious, quinsy, and perh. awe,
ugly. The word seems to have orig. meant to
choke, squeeze. /.] 1.
Trouble; vexation; also, physical pain or smart of a sore,
etc. [Obs.]
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where . . . the
greatest anger and soreness still continued.
Temple.
2. A strong passion or emotion of displeasure or
antagonism, excited by a real or supposed injury or insult to
one's self or others, or by the intent to do such injury.
Anger is like
A full hot horse, who being allowed his way,
Self-mettle tires him.
Shak.
Syn. -- Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion; ire gall;
choler; indignation; displeasure; vexation; grudge; spleen.
-- Anger, Indignation,
Resentment, Wrath, Ire, Rage,
Fury. Anger is a feeling of keen displeasure
(usually with a desire to punish) for what we regard as wrong
toward ourselves or others. It may be excessive or misplaced, but
is not necessarily criminal. Indignation is a generous
outburst of anger in view of things which are indigna,
or unworthy to be done, involving what is mean, cruel,
flagitious, etc., in character or conduct. Resentment
is often a moody feeling, leading one to brood over his supposed
personal wrongs with a deep and lasting anger. See
Resentment. Wrath and ire (the
last poetical) express the feelings of one who is bitterly
provoked. Rage is a vehement ebullition of anger; and
fury is an excess of rage, amounting almost to
madness. Warmth of constitution often gives rise to
anger; a high sense of honor creates
indignation at crime; a man of quick sensibilities is
apt to cherish resentment; the wrath and
ire of men are often connected with a haughty and
vindictive spirit; rage and fury are
distempers of the soul to be regarded only with
abhorrence.
An"ger (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Angered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Angering.] [Cf. Icel.
angra.] 1. To make painful; to
cause to smart; to inflame. [Obs.]
He . . . angereth malign ulcers.
Bacon.
2. To excite to anger; to enrage; to provoke.
Taxes and impositions . . . which rather angered
than grieved the people.
Clarendon.
An"ger*ly, adv. Angrily.
[Obs. or Poetic]
Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly.
Shak.
An"ge*vine (#), a. [F.
Angevin.] Of or pertaining to Anjou in
France. -- n. A native of Anjou.
\'d8An`gi*en"chy*ma (#), n.
[Gr. / receptacle + /. Formed like
Parenchyma.] (Bot.) Vascular
tissue of plants, consisting of spiral vessels, dotted, barred,
and pitted ducts, and laticiferous vessels.
\'d8An*gi"na (#), n. [L., fr.
angere to strangle, to choke. See Anger,
n.] (Med.) Any inflammatory affection of
the throat or faces, as the quinsy, malignant sore throat, croup,
etc., especially such as tends to produce suffocation, choking,
or shortness of breath.
Angina pectoris (#), a peculiarly
painful disease, so named from a sense of suffocating contraction
or tightening of the lower part of the chest; -- called also
breast pang, spasm of the
chest.
{ An"gi*nous (#), An"gi*nose`
(#), } a. (Med.)
Pertaining to angina or angina pectoris.
An"gi*o- (#). [Gr. / vessel
receptacle.] A prefix, or combining form, in numerous
compounds, usually relating to seed or blood vessels, or to
something contained in, or covered by, a vessel.
An`gi*o*car"pous (#), a.
[Angio- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
(a) Having fruit inclosed within a covering that
does not form a part of itself; as, the filbert covered by
its husk, or the acorn seated in its cupule. Brande &
C. (b) Having the seeds or spores
covered, as in certain lichens.
Gray.
An`gi*of"ra*phy (#), n.
[Angio- + -graphy: cf. F.
angiographie.] (Anat.) A
description of blood vessels and lymphatics.
An`gi*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[Angio- + -logy.]
(Anat.) That part of anatomy which treats of
blood vessels and lymphatics.
\'d8An`gi*o"ma (#), n.
[[Angio- + -oma.]
(Med.) A tumor composed chiefly of dilated blood
vessels.
An`gi*o*mon`o*sper"mous (#), a.
[Angio- + monospermous.]
(Bot.) Producing one seed only in a seed
pod.
An"gi*o*scope (#), n.
[Angio- + -scope.] An
instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and
plants.
Morin.
An"gi*o*sperm (#), n.
[Angio- + Gr. /, /, seed.]
(Bot.) A plant which has its seeds inclosed in a
pericarp.
angiosperms,
while the pines, spruce, hemlock, and the allied varieties, are
gymnosperms.
An`gi*o*sper"ma*tous (#), a.
(Bot.) Same as Angiospermous.
An`gi*o*sper"mous (#), a.
(Bot.) Having seeds inclosed in a pod or other
pericarp.
An`gi*os"po*rous (#), a.
[Angio- + spore.]
(Bot.) Having spores contained in cells or
thec\'91, as in the case of some fungi.
An`gi*os"to*mous (#), a.
[Angio- + Gr. / mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) With a narrow mouth, as the shell of
certain gastropods.
An`gi*ot"o*my (#), n.
[Angio- + Gr. / a cutting.]
(Anat.) Dissection of the blood vessels and
lymphatics of the body.
Dunglison.
<-- p. 57 -->
An"gle (#), n. [F.
angle, L. angulus angle, corner; akin to
uncus hook, Gr. / bent, crooked, angular, / a bend
or hollow, AS. angel hook, fish-hook, G.
angel, and F. anchor.] 1.
The inclosed space near the point where two lines; a corner;
a nook.
Into the utmost angle of the world.
Spenser.
To search the tenderest angles of the heart.
Milton.
2. (Geom.) (a) The figure made
by. two lines which meet. (b) The difference
of direction of two lines. In the lines meet, the point of
meeting is the vertex of the angle.
3. A projecting or sharp corner; an angular
fragment.
Though but an angle reached him of the stone.
Dryden.
4. (Astrol.) A name given to four of the
twelve astrological \'bdhouses.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
5. [AS. angel.] A fishhook;
tackle for catching fish, consisting of a line, hook, and bait,
with or without a rod.
Give me mine angle: we 'll to the river there.
Shak.
A fisher next his trembling angle bears.
Pope.
Acute angle, one less than a right angle, or
less than 90 -- Adjacent or
Contiguous angles, such as have one leg
common to both angles. -- Alternate angles.
See Alternate. -- Angle bar.
(a) (Carp.) An upright bar at the angle
where two faces of a polygonal or bay window meet.
Knight. (b) (Mach.) Same as
Angle iron. -- Angle bead
(Arch.), a bead worked on or fixed to the angle of
any architectural work, esp. for protecting an angle of a
wall. -- Angle brace, Angle
tie (Carp.), a brace across an
interior angle of a wooden frame, forming the hypothenuse and
securing the two side pieces together. Knight. --
Angle iron (Mach.), a rolled bar or
plate of iron having one or more angles, used for forming the
corners, or connecting or sustaining the sides of an iron
structure to which it is riveted. -- Angle leaf
(Arch.), a detail in the form of a leaf, more or
less conventionalized, used to decorate and sometimes to
strengthen an angle. -- Angle meter, an
instrument for measuring angles, esp. for ascertaining the dip of
strata. -- Angle shaft (Arch.), an
enriched angle bead, often having a capital or base, or
both. -- Curvilineal angle, one formed by two
curved lines. -- External angles, angles
formed by the sides of any right-lined figure, when the sides are
produced or lengthened. -- Facial angle. See
under Facial. -- Internal angles,
those which are within any right-lined figure. --
Mixtilineal angle, one formed by a right line with
a curved line. -- Oblique angle, one acute or
obtuse, in opposition to a right angle. --
Obtuse angle, one greater than a right angle, or
more than 90 -- Optic angle. See under
Optic. -- Rectilineal or
Right-lined angle, one formed by two right
lines. -- Right angle, one formed by a right
line falling on another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90 -- Solid angle,
the figure formed by the meeting of three or more plane
angles at one point. -- Spherical angle, one
made by the meeting of two arcs of great circles, which mutually
cut one another on the surface of a globe or sphere. --
Visual angle, the angle formed by two rays of
light, or two straight lines drawn from the extreme points of an
object to the center of the eye. -- For Angles of
commutation, draught, incidence,
reflection, refraction,
position, repose,
fraction, see Commutation,
Draught, Incidence, Reflection,
Refraction, etc.
An"gle (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Angled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Angling
(#).] 1. To fish with an angle
(fishhook), or with hook and line.
2. To use some bait or artifice; to intrigue; to
scheme; as, to angle for praise.
The hearts of all that he did angle for.
Shak.
An"gle, v. t. To try to gain by some
insinuating artifice; to allure. [Obs.] \'bdHe
angled the people's hearts.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
An"gled (#), a. Having an angle
or angles; -- used in compounds; as, right-angled,
many-angled, etc.
The thrice three-angled beechnut shell.
Bp. Hall.
An"gle*me`ter (#), n.
[Angle + -meter.] An
instrument to measure angles, esp. one used by geologists to
measure the dip of strata.
An"gler (#), n. 1. One
who angles.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish (Lophius
piscatorius), of Europe and America, having a large, broad,
and depressed head, with the mouth very large. Peculiar
appendages on the head are said to be used to entice fishes
within reach. Called also fishing frog,
frogfish, toadfish,
goosefish, allmouth,
monkfish, etc.
An"gles (#), n. pl. [L.
Angli. See Anglican.]
(Ethnol.) An ancient Low German tribe, that
settled in Britain, which came to be called
Engla-land (Angleland or England). The
Angles probably came from the district of Angeln (now
within the limits of Schleswig), and the country now Lower
Hanover, etc.
An"gle*site (#), n. [From the
Isle of Anglesea.] (Min.) A
native sulphate of lead. It occurs in white or yellowish
transparent, prismatic crystals.
An"gle*wise` (#), adv.
[Angle + wise, OE. wise
manner.] In an angular manner; angularly.
An"gle*worm` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A earthworm of the genus
Lumbricus, frequently used by anglers for bait. See
Earthworm.
An"gli*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Angles. -- n. One
of the Angles.
An"glic (#), a. Anglian.
An"gli*can (#), a.
[Angli the Angles, a Germanic tribe in Lower
Germany. Cf. English.] 1.
English; of or pertaining to England or the English nation;
especially, pertaining to, or connected with, the established
church of England; as, the Anglican church,
doctrine, orders, ritual, etc.
2. Pertaining to, characteristic of, or held by,
the high church party of the Church of England.
An"gli*can (#), n. 1.
A member of the Church of England.
Whether Catholics, Anglicans, or Calvinists.
Burke.
2. In a restricted sense, a member of the High
Church party, or of the more advanced ritualistic section, in the
Church of England.
An"gli*can*ism (#), n. 1.
Strong partiality to the principles and rites of the Church
of England.
2. The principles of the established church of
England; also, in a restricted sense, the doctrines held by the
high-church party.
3. Attachment to England or English
institutions.
\'d8An"gli*ce (#), adv.
[NL.] In English; in the English manner; as,
Livorno, Anglice Leghorn.
An*glic"i*fy (#), v. t. [NL.
Anglicus English + -fly.] To
anglicize. [R.]
An"gli*cism (#), n. [Cf. F.
anglicisme.] 1. An English idiom;
a phrase or form language peculiar to the English.
Dryden.
2. The quality of being English; an English
characteristic, custom, or method.
An*glic"i*ty (#), n. The state
or quality of being English.
An`gli*ci*za"tion (#), n. The
act of anglicizing, or making English in character.
An"gli*cize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anglicized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglicizing.] To make English; to
English; to anglify; render conformable to the English idiom, or
to English analogies.
An"gli*fy (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anglified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Anglifying.] [L. Angli +
-fly.] To convert into English; to
anglicize.
Franklin. Darwin.
An"gling (#), n. The act of one
who angles; the art of fishing with rod and line.
Walton.
An"glo- (#) [NL. Anglus
English. See Anglican.] A combining form
meaning the same as English; or English
and, or English conjoined with; as,
Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German,
Anglo-Irish.
Anglo-American, . Of or pertaining
to the English and Americans, or to the descendants of Englishmen
in America. -- n. A descendant from English
ancestors born in America, or the United States.
Anglo-Danish, a. Of or pertaining
to the English and Danes, or to the Danes who settled in
England.
Anglo-Indian, a. Of or pertaining
to the English in India, or to the English and East Indian
peoples or languages. -- n. One of the
Anglo-Indian race born or resident in the East Indies.
Anglo-Norman, a. Of or pertaining
to the English and Normans, or to the Normans who settled in
England. -- n. One of the English Normans, or the
Normans who conquered England.
Anglo-Saxon. See Anglo-Saxon in the
Vocabulary.
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, a., Of or pertaining
to a church modeled on the English Reformation; Anglican; --
sometimes restricted to the ritualistic or High Church section of
the Church of England.
An"glo-Cath"o*lic, n. A member of the
Church of England who contends for its catholic character; more
specifically, a High Churchman.
An"glo*ma"ni*a (#), n.
[Anglo'cf + mania.] A mania
for, or an inordinate attachment to, English customs,
institutions, etc.
An`glo*ma"ni*ac, n. One affected with
Anglomania.
An`glo*pho"bi*a (#), n. [Anglo-
+ Gr. / fear.] Intense dread of, or aversion to,
England or the English. --
An"glo*phobe (#),
n.
An"glo-Sax"on (#), n. [L.
Angli-Saxones English Saxons.]
1. A Saxon of Britain, that is, an English
Saxon, or one the Saxons who settled in England, as
distinguished from a continental (or \'bdOld\'b8) Saxon.
2. pl. The Teutonic people (Angles,
Saxons, Jutes) of England, or the English people, collectively,
before the Norman Conquest.
It is quite correct to call \'92thelstan \'bdKing of the
Anglo-Saxons,\'b8 but to call this or that subject of
\'92thelstan \'bdan Anglo-Saxon\'b8 is simply
nonsense.
E. A. Freeman.
3. The language of the English people before the
Conquest (sometimes called Old English). See
Saxon.
4. One of the race or people who claim descent from
the Saxons, Angles, or other Teutonic tribes who settled in
England; a person of English descent in its broadest sense.
An"glo-Sax"on, a. Of or pertaining to
the Anglo-Saxons or their language.
An"glo-Sax"on*dom (#), n. The
Anglo-Saxon domain (i. e., Great Britain and the United States,
etc.); the Anglo-Saxon race.
An"glo-Sax"on*ism (#), n.
1. A characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race;
especially, a word or an idiom of the Anglo-Saxon tongue.
M. Arnold.
2. The quality or sentiment of being Anglo-Saxon,
or English in its ethnological sense.
An*go"la (#), n. [A corruption
of Angora.] A fabric made from the wool of
the Angora goat.
An*go"la pea` (#). (Bot.) A
tropical plant (Cajanus indicus) and its edible seed,
a kind of pulse; -- so called from Angola in Western
Africa. Called also pigeon pea and
Congo pea.
\'d8An"gor, n. [L. See
Anger.] (Med.) Great anxiety
accompanied by painful constriction at the upper part of the
belly, often with palpitation and oppression.
An*go"ra (#), n. A city of Asia
Minor (or Anatolia) which has given its name to a goat, a cat,
etc.
Angora cat (Zo\'94l.), a variety of
the domestic cat with very long and silky hair, generally of the
brownish white color. Called also Angola cat.
See Cat. -- Angora goat
(Zo\'94l.), a variety of the domestic goat, reared
for its long silky hair, which is highly prized for
manufacture.
An`gos*tu"ra bark" (#). [From
Angostura, in Venezuela.] An aromatic bark
used as a tonic, obtained from a South American of the rue family
(Galipea cusparia, or officinalis).
U. S. Disp.
\'d8An`gou`mois" moth" (?; 115). [So named
from Angoumois in France.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small moth (Gelechia cerealella) which is very
destructive to wheat and other grain. The larva eats out the
inferior of the grain, leaving only the shell.
An"gri*ly (#), adv. In an angry
manner; under the influence of anger.
An"gri*ness, n. The quality of being
angry, or of being inclined to anger.
Such an angriness of humor that we take fire at
everything.
Whole Duty of Man.
An"gry (#), a.
[Compar. Angrier (#);
superl. Angriest.] [See
Anger.] 1. Troublesome; vexatious;
rigorous. [Obs.]
God had provided a severe and angry education to
chastise the forwardness of a young spirit.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Inflamed and painful, as a sore.
3. Touched with anger; under the emotion of anger;
feeling resentment; enraged; -- followed generally by
with before a person, and at before a
thing.
Be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves.
Gen. xlv. 5.
Wherefore should God be angry at thy voice?
Eccles. v. 6.
4. Showing anger; proceeding from anger; acting as
if moved by anger; wearing the marks of anger; as,
angry words or tones; an angry sky;
angry waves. \'bdAn angry
countenance.\'b8
Prov. xxv. 23.
5. Red. [R.]
Sweet rose, whose hue, angry and brave.
Herbert.
6. Sharp; keen; stimulated. [R.]
I never ate with angrier appetite.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Passionate; resentful; irritated; irascible;
indignant; provoked; enraged; incensed; exasperated; irate; hot;
raging; furious; wrathful; wroth; choleric; inflamed;
infuriated.
An"gui*form (#), a. [L.
angius snake + -form.]
Snake-shaped.
An*guil"li*form (#), a. [L.
anguilla eel (dim. of anguis snake) +
-form.] Eel-shaped.
Anguill\'91formes\'b8 of Cuvier
are fishes related to thee eel.
An"guine (#), a. [L.
anguinus, fr. anguis snake.] Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a snake or serpent. \'bdThe
anguine or snakelike reptiles.\'b8
Owen.
An*guin"e*al (#), a.
Anguineous.
An*guin"e*ous (#), a. [L.
anguineus.] Snakelike.
An"guish (#), n. [OE.
anguishe, anguise, angoise, F.
angoisse, fr. L. angustia narrowness,
difficulty, distress, fr. angustus narrow, difficult,
fr. angere to press together. See
Anger.] Extreme pain, either of body or mind;
excruciating distress.
But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of
spirit, and for cruel bondage.
Ex. vi. 9.
Anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first
child.
Jer. iv. 31.
Rarely used in the plural: -
Ye miserable people, you must go to God in
anguishes, and make your prayer to him.
Latimer.
Syn. -- Agony; pang; torture; torment. See
Agony.
An"guish, v. t. [Cf. F.
angoisser, fr. L. angustiare.]
To distress with extreme pain or grief.
[R.]
Temple.
An"gu*lar (#), a. [L.
angularis, fr. angulus angle, corner. See
Angle.] 1. Relating to an angle or
to angles; having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner;
sharp-cornered; pointed; as, an angular
figure.
2. Measured by an angle; as, angular
distance.
3. Fig.: Lean; lank; raw-boned; ungraceful; sharp
and stiff in character; as, remarkably angular in
his habits and appearance; an angular female.
Angular aperture, Angular
distance. See Aperture,
Distance. -- Angular motion, the
motion of a body about a fixed point or fixed axis, as of a
planet or pendulum. It is equal to the angle passed over at the
point or axis by a line drawn to the body. -- Angular
point, the point at which the sides of the angle meet;
the vertex. -- Angular velocity, the ratio of
anuglar motion to the time employed in describing.
An"gu*lar, n. (Anat.) A bone
in the base of the lower jaw of many birds, reptiles, and
fishes.
An`gu*lar"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or state of being angular; angularness.
An"gu*lar*ly (#), adv. In an
angular manner; with of at angles or corners.
B. Jonson.
An"gu*lar*ness, n. The quality of being
angular.
{ An"gu*late (#), An"gu*la`ted
(#), } a. [L.
angulatus, p. p. of angulare to make
angular.] Having angles or corners; angled; as,
angulate leaves.
An"gu*late (#), v. t. To make
angular.
An`gu*la"tion (#), n. A making
angular; angular formation.
Huxley.
An"gu*lo-den"tate(#), a.. [L.
angulus angle + dens, dentis,
tooth.] (Bot.) Angularly toothed, as
certain leaves.
An"gu*lom"e*ter (#), n. [L.
angulus angle + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring external angles.
An"gu*lose` (#), a.
Angulous. [R.]
An`gu*los"i*ty (#), n. A state
of being angulous or angular. [Obs.]
An"gu*lous (#), a. [L.
angulosus: cf. F. anguleux.]
Angular; having corners; hooked. [R.]
Held together by hooks and angulous
involutions.
Glanvill.
An*gust" (#), a. [L.
angustus. See Anguish.] Narrow;
strait. [Obs.]
An*gus"tate (#), a. [L.
angustatus, p. p. of angustare to make
narrow.] Narrowed.
An`gus*ta"tion (#), n. The act
or making narrow; a straitening or contacting.
Wiseman.
<-- p. 58 -->
{ An*gus`ti*fo"li*ate (#),
An*gus`ti*fo"li*ous (#), } a.
[L. angustus narrow (see Anguish) +
folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having
narrow leaves.
Wright.
An`gus*tu"ra bark` (#). See Angostura
bark.
\'d8An`gwan*ti"bo (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small lemuroid mammal
(Arctocebus Calabarensis) of Africa. It has only a
rudimentary tail.
An*hang" (#), v. t. [AS.
onhangian.] To hang.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
An`har*mon"ic (#), a. [F.
anharmonique, fr. Gr. / priv. + / harmonic.]
(Math.) Not harmonic.
The anharmonic function or
ratio of four points abcd on a
straight line is the quantity
(ac/ad):(bc/bd),
where the segments are to regarded as plus or minus, according to
the order of the letters.
An`he*la"tion (#), n. [L.
anhelatio, fr. anhelare to pant;
an (perh. akin to E. on) +
halare to breathe: cf. F.
anh\'82lation.] Short and rapid breathing;
a panting; asthma.
Glanvill.
An*hele" (#), v. i. [Cf. OF.
aneler, anheler. See
Anhelation.] To pant; to be breathlessly
anxious or eager (for). [Obs.]
They anhele . . . for the fruit of our
convocation.
Latimer.
An"he*lose (#), a. Anhelous;
panting. [R.]
An*he"lous (#), a. [L.
anhelus.] Short of breath; panting.
\'d8An"hi*ma (#), n. [Brazilian
name.] A South American aquatic bird; the horned
screamer or kamichi (Palamedea cornuta). See
Kamichi.
\'d8An*hin"ga (#), n.
[Pg.] (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic bird of
the southern United States (Platus anhinga); the
darter, or snakebird.
An*his"tous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / web, tissue: cf. F. anhiste.]
(Biol.) Without definite structure; as, an
anhistous membrane.
An*hun"gered (#), a. Ahungered;
longing. [Archaic]
An*hy"dride (#), n. [See
Anhydrous.] (Chem.) An oxide of a
nonmetallic body or an organic radical, capable of forming an
acid by uniting with the elements of water; -- so called because
it may be formed from an acid by the abstraction of water.
An*hy"drite (#), n. [See
Anhydrous.] (Min.) A mineral of a
white a slightly bluish color, usually massive. It is anhydrous
sulphate of lime, and differs from gypsum in not containing water
(whence the name).
An*hy"drous (#), a. [Gr. /
wanting water; / priv. + / water.] Destitute of
water; as, anhydrous salts or acids.
\'d8A"ni (#) or \'d8A"no
(#), n. [Native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A black bird of tropical America, the
West Indies and Florida (Crotophaga ani), allied to
the cuckoos, and remarkable for communistic nesting.
\'d8An"i*cut, \'d8An"ni*cut
(#), n. [Tamil anai kattu dam
building.] A dam or mole made in the course of a
stream for the purpose of regulating the flow of a system of
irrigation. [India]
Brande & C.
An*id`i*mat"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. idiomatical.] Not
idiomatic. [R.]
Landor.
{ An"i*ent, An`i*en"tise (#),
} v. t. [OF. anientir, F.
an\'82antir.] To frustrate; to bring to
naught; to annihilate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*nigh" (#), prep. & adv.
[Pref. a- + nigh.]
Nigh. [Archaic]
{ A*night" (#), A*nights"
(#), } adv. [OE. on
niht.] In the night time; at night.
[Archaic]
Does he hawk anights still?
Marston.
An"il (#), n. [F.
anil, Sp. an\'c6l, or Pg. anil;
all fr. Ar. an-n\'c6l, for
al-n\'c6l the indigo plant, fr. Skr.
n\'c6la dark blue, n\'c6l\'c6 indigo,
indigo plant. Cf. Lilac.] (Bot.) A
West Indian plant (Indigofera anil), one of the
original sources of indigo; also, the indigo dye.
An"ile (#), a. [L.
anilis, fr. anus an old woman.]
Old-womanish; imbecile. \'bdAnile
ideas.\'b8
Walpole.
An"ile*ness (#), n.
Anility. [R.]
An*il"ic (#), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, anil; indigotic; -- applied
to an acid formed by the action of nitric acid on indigo.
[R.]
An"i*lide (#), n. (Chem.)
One of a class of compounds which may be regarded as amides
in which more or less of the hydrogen has been replaced by
phenyl.
An"i*line (?; 277), n. [See
Anil.] (Chem.) An organic base
belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in
which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl.
It is a colorless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo
by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or
nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are
made.
An"i*line, a. Made from, or of the
nature of, aniline.
A*nil"i*ty (#), n. [L.
anilitas. See Anile.] The state of
being and old woman; old-womanishness; dotage. \'bdMarks of
anility.\'b8
Sterne.
An`i*mad*ver"sal (#), n. The
faculty of perceiving; a percipient. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
An`i*mad*ver"sion (#), n. [L.
animadversio, fr. animadvertere: cf. F.
animadversion. See Animadvert.]
1. The act or power of perceiving or taking notice;
direct or simple perception. [Obs.]
The soul is the sole percipient which hath
animadversion and sense, properly so called.
Glanvill.
2. Monition; warning. [Obs.]
Clarendon.
3. Remarks by way of criticism and usually of
censure; adverse criticism; reproof; blame.
He dismissed their commissioners with severe and sharp
animadversions.
Clarendon.
4. Judicial cognizance of an offense; chastisement;
punishment. [Archaic] \'bdDivine
animadversions.\'b8
Wesley.
Syn. -- Stricture; criticism; censure; reproof; blame;
comment.
An`i*mad*ver"sive (#), a.
Having the power of perceiving; percipient.
[Archaic]
Glanvill.
I do not mean there is a certain number of ideas glaring and
shining to the animadversive faculty.
Coleridge.
An`i*mad*vert" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Animadverted;
p. pr. & vb. n. Animadverting.]
[L. animadvertere; animus mind +
advertere to turn to; ad to +
vertere to turn.] 1. To take
notice; to observe; -- commonly followed by
that.
Dr. H. More.
2. To consider or remark by way of criticism or
censure; to express censure; -- with on or
upon.
I should not animadvert on him . . . if he had not
used extreme severity in his judgment of the incomparable
Shakespeare.
Dryden.
3. To take cognizance judicially; to inflict
punishment. [Archaic]
Grew.
Syn. -- To remark; comment; criticise; censure.
An`i*mad*vert"er (#), n. One
who animadverts; a censurer; also [Obs.], a
chastiser.
An"i*mal (#), n. [L., fr.
anima breath, soul: cf. F. animal. See
Animate.] 1. An organized living
being endowed with sensation and the power of voluntary motion,
and also characterized by taking its food into an internal cavity
or stomach for digestion; by giving carbonic acid to the air and
taking oxygen in the process of respiration; and by increasing in
motive power or active aggressive force with progress to
maturity.
2. One of the lower animals; a brute or beast, as
distinguished from man; as, men and
animals.
An"i*mal, a. [Cf. F.
animal.] 1. Of or relating to
animals; as, animal functions.
2. Pertaining to the merely sentient part of a
creature, as distinguished from the intellectual, rational, or
spiritual part; as, the animal passions or
appetites.
3. Consisting of the flesh of animals; as,
animal food.
Animal magnetism. See Magnetism and
Mesmerism. -- Animal electricity,
the electricity developed in some animals, as the electric
eel, torpedo, etc. -- Animal flower
(Zo\'94l.), a name given to certain marine animals
resembling a flower, as any species of actinia or sea anemone,
and other Anthozoa, hydroids, starfishes, etc. --
Animal heat (Physiol.), the heat
generated in the body of a living animal, by means of which the
animal is kept at nearly a uniform temperature. --
Animal spirits. See under Spirit. --
Animal kingdom, the whole class of beings endowed
with animal life. It embraces several subkingdoms, and under
these there are Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, Species, and
sometimes intermediate groupings, all in regular subordination,
but variously arranged by different writers. The
following are the grand divisions, or subkingdoms, and the
principal classes under them, generally recognized at the present
time: -
Vertebrata, including Mammalia or
Mammals, Aves or Birds,
Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces or
Fishes, Marsipobranchiata
(Craniota); and Leptocardia
(Acrania).
Tunicata, including the Thaliacea, and
Ascidioidea or Ascidians.
Articulata or Annulosa, including
Insecta, Myriapoda, Malacapoda,
Arachnida, Pycnogonida,
Merostomata, Crustacea
(Arthropoda); and Annelida,
Gehyrea (Anarthropoda).
Helminthes or Vermes, including
Rotifera, Ch\'91tognatha,
Nematoidea, Acanthocephala,
Nemertina, Turbellaria,
Trematoda, Cestoidea, Mesozea.
Molluscoidea, including Brachiopoda and
Bryozoa.
Mollusca, including Cephalopoda,
Gastropoda, Pteropoda,
Scaphopoda, Lamellibranchiata or
Acephala.
Echinodermata, including Holothurioidea,
Echinoidea, Asterioidea,
Ophiuroidea, and Crinoidea.
C\'d2lenterata, including Anthozoa or
Polyps, Ctenophora, and Hydrozoa
or Acalephs.
Spongiozoa or Porifera, including the sponges.
Protozoa, including Infusoria and
Rhizopoda.
For definitions, see these names in the Vocabulary.
{ An`i*mal"cu*lar (#),
An`i*mal"cu*line (#), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or resembling, animalcules.
\'bdAnimalcular life.\'b8
Tyndall.
An`i*mal"cule (#), n. [As if
fr. a L. animalculum, dim. of
animal.] 1. A small animal, as a
fly, spider, etc. [Obs.]
Ray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal, invisible, or
nearly so, to the naked eye. See Infusoria.
animalcules have
been shown to be plants, having locomotive powers something like
those of animals. Among these are Volvox, the
Desmidiac\'91, and the siliceous
Diatomace\'91.
Spermatic animalcules. See
Spermatozoa.
An`i*mal"cu*lism (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalculisme.] (Biol.) The
theory which seeks to explain certain physiological and
pathological by means of animalcules.
An`i*mal"cu*list (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalculiste.] 1. One versed
in the knowledge of animalcules.
Keith.
2. A believer in the theory of animalculism.
\'d8An`i*mal"cu*lum (#), n.;
pl. Animalcula (#). [NL. See
Animalcule.] An animalcule.
Animalcul\'91, as if from a Latin
singular animalcula, is a barbarism.
An"i*mal*ish (#), a. Like an
animal.
An"i*mal*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
animalisme.] The state, activity, or
enjoyment of animals; mere animal life without intellectual or
moral qualities; sensuality.
An`i*mal"i*ty (#), n. [Cf. F.
animalit\'82.] Animal existence or
nature.
Locke.
An`i*mal*i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. animalisation.] 1. The act of
animalizing; the giving of animal life, or endowing with animal
properties.
2. Conversion into animal matter by the process of
assimilation.
Owen.
An"i*mal*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Animalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Animalizing.] [Cf. F.
animaliser.] 1. To endow with the
properties of an animal; to represent in animal form.
Warburton.
2. To convert into animal matter by the processes
of assimilation.
3. To render animal or sentient; to reduce to the
state of a lower animal; to sensualize.
The unconscious irony of the Epicurean poet on the
animalizing tendency of his own philosophy.
Coleridge.
An"i*mal*ly, adv. Physically.
G. Eliot.
An"i*mal*ness, n. Animality.
[R.]
An`i*mas"tic (#), a. [L.
anima breath, life.] Pertaining to mind or
spirit; spiritual.
An`i*mas"tic, n. Psychology.
[Obs.]
An"i*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Animated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Animating.] [L.
animatus, p. p. of animare, fr.
anima breath, soul; akin to animus soul,
mind, Gr. / wind, Skr. an to breathe, live, Goth.
us-anan to expire (us- out),
Icel. \'94nd breath, anda to breathe, OHG.
ando anger. Cf. Animal.] 1.
To give natural life to; to make alive; to quicken; as,
the soul animates the body.
2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or
effect of; as, to animate a lyre.
Dryden.
3. To give spirit or vigor to; to stimulate or
incite; to inspirit; to rouse; to enliven.
The more to animate the people, he stood on high .
. . and cried unto them with a loud voice.
Knolles.
Syn. -- To enliven; inspirit; stimulate; exhilarate;
inspire; instigate; rouse; urge; cheer; prompt; incite; quicken;
gladden.
An"i*mate (#), a. [L.
animatus, p. p.] Endowed with life; alive;
living; animated; lively.
The admirable structure of animate bodies.
Bentley.
An"i*ma`ted (#), a. Endowed
with life; full of life or spirit; indicating animation; lively;
vigorous. \'bdAnimated sounds.\'b8
Pope. \'bdAnimated bust.\'b8 Gray.
\'bdAnimated descriptions.\'b8 Lewis.
An"i*ma`ted*ly, adv. With
animation.
An"i*ma`ter (#), n. One who
animates.
De Quincey.
An"i*ma"ting, a. Causing animation;
life-giving; inspiriting; rousing.
\'bdAnimating cries.\'b8 Pope. --
An"i*ma`ting*ly, adv.
An`i*ma"tion (#), n. [L.
animatio, fr. animare.] 1.
The act of animating, or giving life or spirit; the state of
being animate or alive.
The animation of the same soul quickening the whole
frame.
Bp. Hall.
Perhaps an inanimate thing supplies me, while I am speaking,
with whatever I posses of animation.
Landor.
2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of
spirit and vigor; vivacity; spiritedness; as, he recited the
story with great animation.
Suspended animation, temporary suspension of
the vital functions, as in persons nearly drowned.
Syn. -- Liveliness; vivacity; spirit; buoyancy; airiness;
sprightliness; promptitude; enthusiasm; ardor; earnestness;
energy. See Liveliness.
An"i*ma*tive (#), a Having the
power of giving life or spirit.
Johnson.
An"i*ma`tor (#), n. [L.
animare.] One who, or that which, animates;
an animater.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8A"ni*m\'82` (#), a. [F.,
animated.] (Her.) Of a different tincture
from the animal itself; -- said of the eyes of a rapacious
animal.
Brande & C.
\'d8A"ni*m\'82 (#), n. [F.
anim\'82 animated (from the insects that are entrapped
in it); or native name.] A resin exuding from a
tropical American tree (Hymen\'91a courbaril), and
much used by varnish makers.
Ure.
An"i*mism (#), n. [Cf. F.
animisme, fr. L. anima soul. See
Animate.] 1. The doctrine, taught by
Stahl, that the soul is the proper principle of life and
development in the body.
2. The belief that inanimate objects and the
phenomena of nature are endowed with personal life or a living
soul; also, in an extended sense, the belief in the existence of
soul or spirit apart from matter.
Tylor.
An"i*mist (#), n. [Cf. F.
animiste.] One who maintains the doctrine
of animism.
An`i*mis"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to animism.
Huxley. Tylor.
{ An`i*mose" (#), An"i*mous
(#), } a. [L. animosus,
fr. animus soul, spirit, courage.] Full of
spirit; hot; vehement; resolute. [Obs.]
Ash.
An`i*mose"ness (#), n.
Vehemence of temper. [Obs.]
An`i*mos"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Animosities (#). [F.
animosit\'82, fr. L. animositas. See
Animose, Animate, v. t.]
1. Mere spiritedness or courage.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Such as give some proof of animosity, audacity, and
execution, those she [the crocodile] loveth.
Holland.
2. Violent hatred leading to active opposition;
active enmity; energetic dislike.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; opposition. -- Animosity,
Enmity. Enmity be dormant or concealed;
animosity is active enmity, inflamed by collision and
mutual injury between opposing parties. The
animosities which were continually springing up among
the clans in Scotland kept that kingdom in a state of turmoil and
bloodshed for successive ages. The animosities which
have been engendered among Christian sects have always been the
reproach of the church.
Such [writings] as naturally conduce to inflame hatreds and
make enmities irreconcilable.
Spectator.
[These] factions . . . never suspended their
animosities till they ruined that unhappy
government.
Hume.
An"i*mus (#), n.; pl.
Animi (#). [L., mind.]
Animating spirit; intention; temper.
nimus furandi [L.] (Law),
intention of stealing.
An"i*on (#), n. [Gr. /, neut.
/, p. pr. of / to go up; / up + / to go.]
(Chem.) An electro-negative element, or the
element which, in electro-chemical decompositions, is evolved at
the anode; -- opposed to cation.
Faraday.
<-- p. 59 -->
An"ise (#), n. [OE.
anys, F. anis, L. anisum,
anethum, fr. Gr. /, /.] 1.
(Bot.) An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella
anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in
Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds.
2. The fruit or seeds of this plant.
An"i*seed (#), n. The seed of
the anise; also, a cordial prepared from it. \'bdOil of
aniseed.\'b8
Brande & C.
\'d8An`i*sette" (#), n.
[F.] A French cordial or liqueur flavored with
anise seeds.
De Colange.
A*nis"ic (#), a. Of or derived
from anise; as, anisic acid; anisic
alcohol.
{ \'d8An`i*so*dac"ty*la (#),
An`i*so*dac"tyls (#), } n. pl.
[NL. anisodactyla, fr. Gr. / unequal (/ priv.
+ / equal) + / finger.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A group of herbivorous mammals characterized by
having the hoofs in a single series around the foot, as the
elephant, rhinoceros, etc. (b) A group of
perching birds which are anisodactylous.
An`i*so*dac"ty*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Characterized by unequal toes, three
turned forward and one backward, as in most passerine
birds.
An`i*so*mer"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
unequal + / part.] (Chem.) Not isomeric;
not made of the same components in the same proportions.
An`i*som"er*ous (#), a. [See
Anisomeric.] (Bot.) Having the
number of floral organs unequal, as four petals and six
stamens.
An`i*so*met"ric (#), a. [Gr.
/ priv. + E. isometric.] Not isometric;
having unsymmetrical parts; -- said of crystals with three
unequal axes.
Dana.
An`i*so*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
unequal petals.
An`i*soph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
unequal leaves.
\'d8An`i*so*pleu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / unequal + / side.]
(Zo\'94l.) A primary division of gastropods,
including those having spiral shells. The two sides of the body
are unequally developed.
\'d8An`i*sop"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / unequal + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Crustacea, which, in
some its characteristics, is intermediate between Amphipoda and
Isopoda.
An`i*so*stem"o*nous (#), a.
[Gr. / unequal + / warp, thread; / to stand.]
(Bot.) Having unequal stamens; having stamens
different in number from the petals.
An`i*so*sthen"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ unequal + / strength.] Of unequal
strength.
{ An"i*so*trope` (#),
An`i*so*trop"ic (#), } a.
[Gr. / unequal + / a turning, / to turn.]
(Physics) Not isotropic; having different
properties in different directions; thus, crystals of the
isometric system are optically isotropic, but all other crystals
are anisotropic.
An`i*sot"ro*pous (#), a.
Anisotropic.
An"ker (#), n. [D.
anker: cf. LL. anceria,
ancheria.] A liquid measure in various
countries of Europe. The Dutch anker, formerly also
used in England, contained about 10 of the old wine gallons, or
8/ imperial gallons.
An"ker*ite (#), n. [So called
from Prof. Anker of Austria: cf. F.
ank\'82rite, G. ankerit.]
(Min.) A mineral closely related to dolomite, but
containing iron.
An"kle (#), n. [OE.
ancle, anclow, AS. ancleow; akin
to Icel. \'94kkla, \'94kli, Dan. and Sw.
ankel, D. enklaauw, enkel, G.
enkel, and perh. OHG. encha,
ancha thigh, shin: cf. Skr. anga limb,
anguri finger. Cf. Haunch.] The
joint which connects the foot with the leg; the tarsus.
Ankle bone, the bone of the ankle; the
astragalus.
An"kled (#), a. Having ankles;
-- used in composition; as, well-ankled.
Beau. & Fl.
An"klet (#), n. An ornament or
a fetter for the ankle; an ankle ring.
An"ky*lose (#), v. t. & i. Same
as Anchylose.
\'d8An`ky*lo"sis (#), n. Same
as Anchylosis.
An"lace (#), n. [Origin
unknown.] A broad dagger formerly worn at the
girdle. [Written also anelace.]
{ Ann (#), An"nat (#),
} n. [LL. annata income of a
year, also, of half a year, fr. L. annus year: cf. F.
annate annats.] (Scots Law) A
half years's stipend, over and above what is owing for the
incumbency, due to a minister's heirs after his decease.
\'d8An"na (#), n. [Hindi
\'ben\'be.] An East Indian money of
account, the sixteenth of a rupee, or about 2/ cents.
An"nal (#), n. See
Annals.
An"nal*ist, n. [Cf. F.
annaliste.] A writer of annals.
The monks . . . were the only annalists in those
ages.
Hume.
An`nal*is"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or after the manner of, an annalist; as,
the dry annalistic style.\'bdA stiff
annalistic method.\'b8
Sir G. C. Lewis.
An"nal*ize (#), v. t. To record
in annals.
Sheldon.
An"nals (#), n. pl. [L.
annalis (sc. liber), and more frequently in
the pl. annales (sc. libri), chronicles,
fr. annus year. Cf. Annual.]
1. A relation of events in chronological order,
each event being recorded under the year in which it
happened. \'bdAnnals the revolution.\'b8
Macaulay. \'bdThe annals of our religion.\'b8
Rogers.
2. Historical records; chronicles; history.
The short and simple annals of the poor.
Gray.
It was one of the most critical periods in our
annals.
Burke.
3. sing. The record of a single
event or item. \'bdIn deathless annal.\'b8
Young.
4. A periodic publication, containing records of
discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.; as
\'bdAnnals of Science.\'b8
Syn. -- History. See History.
{ An"nats (#), An"nates
(#), } n. pl. [See
Ann.] (Eccl. Law) The first year's
profits of a spiritual preferment, anciently paid by the clergy
to the pope; first fruits. In England, they now form a fund for
the augmentation of poor livings.
An*neal" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annealing.] [OE. anelen to
heat, burn, AS. an/lan; an on +
/lan to burn; also OE. anelen to enamel,
prob. influenced by OF. neeler, nieler, to
put a black enamel on gold or silver, F. nieller, fr.
LL. nigellare to blacken, fr. L. nigellus
blackish, dim. of niger black. Cf. Niello,
Negro.] 1. To subject to great heat,
and then cool slowly, as glass, cast iron, steel, or other metal,
for the purpose of rendering it less brittle; to temper; to
toughen.
2. To heat, as glass, tiles, or earthenware, in
order to fix the colors laid on them.
An*neal"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, anneals.
An*neal"ing, n. 1. The process
used to render glass, iron, etc., less brittle, performed by
allowing them to cool very gradually from a high heat.
2. The burning of metallic colors into glass,
earthenware, etc.
An*nec"tent (#), a. [L.
annectere to tie or bind to. See
Annex.] Connecting; annexing.
Owen.
{ An`ne*lid (#), An*nel"i*dan
(#), } a. [F.
ann\'82lide, fr. anneler to arrange in
rings, OF. anel a ring, fr. L. anellus a
ring, dim. of annulus a ring.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annelida. -- n. One of the Annelida.
\'d8An*nel"i*da (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Annelid.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of the Articulata, having the body formed of
numerous rings or annular segments, and without jointed legs. The
principal subdivisions are the Ch\'91topoda, including
the Oligoch\'91ta or earthworms and
Polych\'91ta or marine worms; and the
Hirudinea or leeches. See Ch\'91topoda.
An*nel"i*dous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of the nature of an annelid.
\'d8An`nel*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Annelida.
An"ne*loid (#), n. [F.
annel\'82 ringed + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An animal resembling an annelid.
An*nex" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annexed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annexing.] [F. annexer, fr.
L. annexus, p. p. of annectere to tie or
bind to; ad + nectere to tie, to fasten together, akin
to Skr. nah to bind.] 1. To join
or attach; usually to subjoin; to affix; to append; -- followed
by to. \'bdHe annexed a codicil to a
will.\'b8
Johnson.
2. To join or add, as a smaller thing to a
greater.
He annexed a province to his kingdom.
Johnson.
3. To attach or connect, as a consequence,
condition, etc.; as, to annex a penalty to a
prohibition, or punishment to guilt.
Syn. -- To add; append; affix; unite; coalesce. See
Add.
An*nex", v. i. To join; to be
united.
Tooke.
An*nex" (#), n. [F.
annexe, L. annexus, neut.
annexum, p. p. of annectere.]
Something annexed or appended; as, an additional stipulation
to a writing, a subsidiary building to a main building; a
wing.
An`nex*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F.
annexation. See Annex, v.
t.] 1. The act of annexing; process of
attaching, adding, or appending; the act of connecting; union;
as, the annexation of Texas to the United States, or
of chattels to the freehold.
2. (a) (Law) The union of
property with a freehold so as to become a fixture.
Bouvier. (b) (Scots Law) The
appropriation of lands or rents to the crown.
Wharton.
An`nex*a"tion*ist, n. One who favors
annexation.
An*nex"er (#), n. One who
annexes.
An*nex"ion (#), n. [L.
annexio a tying to, connection: cf. F.
annexion.] Annexation.
[R.]
Shak.
An*nex"ion*ist, n. An
annexationist. [R.]
An*nex"ment (#), n. The act of
annexing, or the thing annexed; appendage.
[R.]
Shak.
An*ni"hi*la*ble (#), a. Capable
of being annihilated.
An*ni"hi*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annihilated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annihilating.] [L.
annihilare; ad + nihilum, nihil,
nothing, ne hilum (filum) not a thread,
nothing at all. Cf. File, a row.] 1.
To reduce to nothing or nonexistence; to destroy the
existence of; to cause to cease to be.
It impossible for any body to be utterly
annihilated.
Bacon.
2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive
properties of, so that the specific thing no longer exists;
as, to annihilate a forest by cutting down the
trees. \'bdTo annihilate the army.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. To destroy or eradicate, as a property or
attribute of a thing; to make of no effect; to destroy the force,
etc., of; as, to annihilate an argument, law,
rights, goodness.
An*ni"hi*late (#), a.
Anhilated. [Archaic]
Swift.
An*ni`hi*la"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. annihilation.] 1. The act of
reducing to nothing, or nonexistence; or the act of destroying
the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so
that the name can no longer be applied to it; as, the
annihilation of a corporation.
2. The state of being annihilated.
Hooker.
An*ni`hi*la"tion*ist, n. (Theol.)
One who believes that eternal punishment consists in
annihilation or extinction of being; a destructionist.
An*ni"hi*la*tive (#), a.
Serving to annihilate; destructive.
An*ni"hi*la`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, annihilates; as, a fire
annihilator.
An*ni"hi*la*to*ry (#), a.
Annihilative.
An`ni*ver"sa*ri*ly (#), adv.
Annually. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
An`ni*ver"sa*ry (#), a. [L.
anniversarius; annus year +
vertere, versum, to turn: cf. F.
anniversaire.] Returning with the year, at
a stated time; annual; yearly; as, an anniversary
feast.
Anniversary day (R. C. Ch.). See
Anniversary, n., 2. -- Anniversary
week, that week in the year in which the annual
meetings of religious and benevolent societies are held in Boston
and New York. [Eastern U. S.]
An`ni*ver"sa*ry, n.; pl.
Anniversaries (#). [Cf. F.
anniversaire.] 1. The annual
return of the day on which any notable event took place, or is
wont to be celebrated; as, the anniversary of the
Declaration of Independence.
2. (R. C. Ch.) The day on which Mass is
said yearly for the soul of a deceased person; the commemoration
of some sacred event, as the dedication of a church or the
consecration of a pope.
3. The celebration which takes place on an
anniversary day.
Dryden.
An"ni*verse (#), n. [L.
anni versus the turning of a year.]
Anniversary. [Obs.]
Dryden.
An"no*da`ted (#), a. [L.
ad to + nodus a knot.]
(Her.) Curved somewhat in the form of the letter
S.
Cussans.
\'d8An"no Dom"i*ni (#). [L., in the year
of [our] Lord [Jesus Christ]; usually abbrev. a.
d.] In the year of the Christian era; as,
a. d. 1887.
An*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To
name. [R.]
An*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L.
annominatio. See Agnomination.]
1. Paronomasia; punning.
2. Alliteration. [Obs.]
Tyrwhitt.
An"no*tate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annotated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annotating.] [L.
annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate;
ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See
Note, n.] To explain or criticize
by notes; as, to annotate the works of
Bacon.
An"no*tate, v. i. To make notes or
comments; -- with on or upon.
An`no*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
annotatio: cf. F. annotation.] A
note, added by way of comment, or explanation; -- usually in the
plural; as, annotations on ancient authors, or on a
word or a passage.
An`no*ta"tion*ist, n. An
annotator. [R.]
An"no*ta*tive (#), a.
Characterized by annotations; of the nature of
annotation.
An"no*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]
A writer of annotations; a commentator.
An*no"ta*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to an annotator; containing annotations.
[R.]
An"no*tine (#), n. [L.
annotinus a year old.] (Zo\'94l.)
A bird one year old, or that has once molted.
An*not"i*nous (#), a. [L.
annotinus, fr. annus year.]
(Bot.) A year old; in Yearly growths.
An*not"to (#), Ar*not"to
(#), n. [Perh. the native name.]
A red or yellowish-red dyeing material, prepared from the
pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree (Bixa orellana)
belonging to the tropical regions of America. It is used for
coloring cheese, butter, etc. [Written also
Anatto, Anatta, Annatto,
Annotta, etc.]
An*nounce" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Announced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Announcing
(#).] [OF. anoncier, F.
annoncer, fr. L. annuntiare; ad +
nuntiare to report, relate, nuntius messenger,
bearer of news. See Nuncio, and cf.
Annunciate.]
1. To give public notice, or first notice of; to
make known; to publish; to proclaim.
Her [Q. Elizabeth's] arrival was announced through
the country by a peal of cannon from the ramparts.
Gilpin.
2. To pronounce; to declare by judicial
sentence.
Publish laws, announce
Or life or death.
Prior.
Syn. -- To proclaim; publish; make known; herald; declare;
promulgate. -- To Publish,
Announce, Proclaim, Promulgate. We
publish what we give openly to the world, either by
oral communication or by means of the press; as, to
publish abroad the faults of our neighbors. We
announce what we declare by anticipation, or make
known for the first time; as, to announce the speedy
publication of a book; to announce the approach or
arrival of a distinguished personage. We proclaim
anything to which we give the widest publicity; as, to
proclaim the news of victory. We
promulgate when we proclaim more widely what has
before been known by some; as, to promulgate the
gospel.
An*nounce"ment (#), n. The act
of announcing, or giving notice; that which announces;
proclamation; publication.
An*noun"cer (#), n. One who
announces.
<-- p. 60 -->
An*noy" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annoyed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annoying.] [OE. anoien,
anuien, OF. anoier, anuier, F.
ennuyer, fr. OF. anoi, anui,
enui, annoyance, vexation, F. ennui. See
Annoy, n.] To disturb or irritate, especially
by continued or repeated acts; to tease; to ruffle in mind; to
vex; as, I was annoyed by his remarks.
Say, what can more our tortured souls annoy
Than to behold, admire, and lose our joy?
Prior.
2. To molest, incommode, or harm; as, to
annoy an army by impeding its march, or by a
cannonade.
Syn. -- To molest; vex; trouble; pester; embarrass; perplex;
tease.
An*noy" (#), n. [OE.
anoi, anui, OF. anoi,
anui, enui, fr. L. in odio
hatred (esse alicui in odio, Cic.). See
Ennui, Odium, Noisome,
Noy.] A feeling of discomfort or vexation
caused by what one dislikes; also, whatever causes such a
feeling; as, to work annoy.
Worse than Tantalus' is her annoy.
Shak.
An*noy"ance (#), n. [OF.
anoiance, anuiance.] 1.
The act of annoying, or the state of being annoyed;
molestation; vexation; annoy.
A deep clay, giving much annoyance to
passengers.
Fuller.
For the further annoyance and terror of any
besieged place, they would throw into it dead bodies.
Wilkins.
2. That which annoys.
A grain, a dust, a gnat, a wandering hair,
Any annoyance in that precious sense.
Shak.
An*noy"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, annoys.
An*noy"ful (#), a.
Annoying. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An*noy"ing, a. That annoys; molesting;
vexatious. -- An*noy"ing*ly,
adv.
An*noy"ous (#), a. [OF.
enuius, anoios.] Troublesome;
annoying. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An"nu*al (?; 135), a. [OE.
annuel, F. annuel, fr. L.
annualis, fr. annus year. Cf.
Annals.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
year; returning every year; coming or happening once in the year;
yearly.
The annual overflowing of the river [Nile].
Ray.
2. Performed or accomplished in a year; reckoned by
the year; as, the annual motion of the
earth.
A thousand pound a year, annual support.
Shak.
2. Lasting or continuing only one year or one
growing season; requiring to be renewed every year; as, an
annual plant; annual tickets.
Bacon.
An"nu*al, n. 1. A thing
happening or returning yearly; esp. a literary work published
once a year.
2. Anything, especially a plant, that lasts but one
year or season; an annual plant.
Oaths . . . in some sense almost annuals; . . . and
I myself can remember about forty different sets.
Swift.
3. (R. C. Ch.) A Mass for a deceased
person or for some special object, said daily for a year or on
the anniversary day.
An"nu*al*ist, n. One who writes for, or
who edits, an annual. [R.]
An"nu*al*ly, adv. Yearly; year by
year.
An"nu*a*ry (#), a. [Cf. F.
annuaire.] Annual.
[Obs.] -- n. A
yearbook.
An"nu*el*er (#), n. A priest
employed in saying annuals, or anniversary
Masses. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An"nu*ent (#), a. [L.
annuens, p. pr. of annuere; ad +
nuere to nod.] Nodding; as, annuent
muscles (used in nodding).
An*nu"i*tant (#), n. [See
Annuity.] One who receives, or its entitled
to receive, an annuity.
Lamb.
An*nu"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Annuities (#). [LL.
annuitas, fr. L. annus year: cf. F.
annuit\'82.] A sum of money, payable
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or
forever; an annual allowance.
An*nul" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annulled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Annulling.] [F. annuler, LL.
annullare, annulare, fr. L. ad
to + nullus none, nullum, neut., nothing.
See Null, a.] 1. To
reduce to nothing; to obliterate.
Light, the prime work of God, to me's extinct.
And all her various objects of delight
Annulled.
Milton.
2. To make void or of no effect; to nullify; to
abolish; to do away with; -- used appropriately of laws, decrees,
edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules,
permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component
authority.
Do they mean to annul laws of inestimable value to
our liberties?
Burke.
Syn. -- To abolish; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse;
rescind; revoke; nullify; destroy. See Abolish.
An"nu*lar (#), a. [L.
annularis, fr. annulis ring: cf. F.
annulaire.] 1. Pertaining to, or
having the form of, a ring; forming a ring; ringed; ring-shaped;
as, annular fibers.
2. Banded or marked with circles.
Annular eclipse (Astron.), an
eclipse of the sun in which the moon at the middle of the eclipse
conceals the central part of the sun's disk, leaving a complete
ring of light around the border.
An`nu*lar"i*ty (#), n. Annular
condition or form; as, the annularity of a
nebula.
J. Rogers.
An"nu*lar*ry, adv. In an annular
manner.
An"nu*la*ry (#), a. [L.
annularis. See Annular.] Having
the form of a ring; annular.
Ray.
\'d8An`nu*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[Neut. pl., fr. L. annulatus ringed.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of articulate animals, nearly
equivalent to Annelida, including the marine annelids,
earthworms, Gephyrea, Gymnotoma, leeches, etc. See
Annelida.
An"nu*late (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Annulata.
{ An"nu*late, An"nu*la`ted (#)
} a. [L. annulatus.]
1. Furnished with, or composed of, rings; ringed;
surrounded by rings of color.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annulata.
An`nu*la"tion (#), n. A
circular or ringlike formation; a ring or belt.
Nicholson.
An"nu*let (#), n. [Dim. of
annulus.] 1. A little ring.
Tennyson.
2. (Arch.) A small, flat fillet,
encircling a column, etc., used by itself, or with other
moldings. It is used, several times repeated, under the Doric
capital.
3. (Her.) A little circle borne as a
charge.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A narrow circle of some
distinct color on a surface or round an organ.
An*nul"la*ble (#), a. That may
be Annulled.
An*nul"ler (#), n. One who
annuls. [R.]
An*nul"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
annulement.] The act of annulling;
abolition; invalidation.
An"nu*loid (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annuloida.
\'d8An`nu*loid"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. annulus ring +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
the Articulata, including the annelids and allied groups;
sometimes made to include also the helminths and
echinoderms. [Written also
Annuloidea.]
\'d8An"nu*lo"sa (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the
Invertebrata, nearly equivalent to the Articulata. It includes
the Arthoropoda and Anarthropoda. By some zo\'94logists it is
applied to the former only.
An`nu*lo"san (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Annulosa.
An"nu*lose` (/; 277), a. [L.
annulus ring.] 1. Furnished with,
or composed of, rings or ringlike segments; ringed.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Annulosa.
\'d8An"nu*lus (#), n.; pl.
Annuli (#). [L.] 1.
A ring; a ringlike part or space.
2. (Geom.) (a) A space
contained between the circumferences of two circles, one within
the other. (b) The solid formed by a circle
revolving around a line which is the plane of the circle but does
not cut it.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Ring-shaped structures or
markings, found in, or upon, various animals.
An*nu"mer*ate (#), v. t. [L.
annumeratus, p. p. of annumerare. See
Numerate.] To add on; to count in.
[Obs.]
Wollaston.
An*nu`mer*a"tion (#), n. [L.
annumeratio.] Addition to a former
number. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
An*nun"ci*a*ble (#), a. That
may be announced or declared; declarable. [R.]
An*nun"ci*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Annunciated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Annunciating.] [L.
annuntiare. See Announce.] To
announce.
An*nun"ci*ate (#), p. p. & a.
Foretold; preannounced. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
An*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n.
[L. annuntiatio: cf. F.
annonciation.] 1. The act of
announcing; announcement; proclamation; as, the
annunciation of peace.
2. (Eccl.) (a) The announcement
of the incarnation, made by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin
Mary. (b) The festival celebrated (March
25th) by the Church of England, of Rome, etc., in memory of the
angel's announcement, on that day; Lady Day.
An*nun"ci*a*tive (#), a.
Pertaining to annunciation; announcing.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
An*nun"ci*a`tor (#), n. [L.
annuntiator.] 1. One who
announces. Specifically: An officer in the church of
Constantinople, whose business it was to inform the people of the
festivals to be celebrated.
2. An indicator (as in a hotel) which designates
the room where attendance is wanted.
An*nun"ci*a*to*ry (#), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, announcement; making
known. [R.]
\'d8A*noa" (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small wild ox of
Celebes (Anoa depressicornis), allied to the buffalo,
but having long nearly straight horns.
An"ode (#), n. [Gr. / up +
/ way.] (Elec.) The positive pole of an
electric battery, or more strictly the electrode by which the
current enters the electrolyte on its way to the other pole; --
opposed to cathode.
\'d8An"o*don (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / toothless; / priv. + /, /, a tooth.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water bivalves,
having to teeth at the hinge. [Written also
Anodonta.]
An"o*dyne (#), a. [L.
anodynus, Gr. / free from pain, stilling pain; /
priv. + / pain: cf. F. anodin.] Serving
to assuage pain; soothing.
The anodyne draught of oblivion.
Burke.
Am. Cyc.
An"o*dyne, n. [L. anodynon.
See Anodyne, a.] Any medicine
which allays pain, as an opiate or narcotic; anything that
soothes disturbed feelings.
An"o*dy`nous (#), a.
Anodyne.
A*noil" (#), v. t. [OF.
enoilier.] The anoint with oil.
[Obs.]
Holinshed.
A*noint" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anointed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Anointing.] [OF.
enoint, p. p. of enoindre, fr. L.
inungere; in + ungere, unguere,
to smear, anoint. See Ointment, Unguent.]
1. To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous
substance; also, to spread over, as oil.
And fragrant oils the stiffened limbs anoint.
Dryden.
He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the
clay.
John ix. 6.
2. To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a
sacred rite, especially for consecration.
Then shalt thou take the anointing oil, and pour it
upon his [Aaron's] head and anoint him.
Exod. xxix. 7.
Anoint Hazael to be king over Syria.
1 Kings xix. 15.
The Lord's Anointed, Christ or the Messiah;
also, a Jewish or other king by \'bddivine right.\'b8
1 Sam. xxvi. 9.
A*noint", p. p. Anointed.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*noint"er (#), n. One who
anoints.
A*noint"ment (#), n. The act of
anointing, or state of being anointed; also, an ointment.
Milton.
\'d8A*no"lis (#), n. [In the
Antilles, anoli, anoalli, a lizard.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of lizards which belong to the
family Iguanid\'91. They take the place in the New
World of the chameleons in the Old, and in America are often
called chameleons.
A*nom"al (#), n. Anything
anomalous. [R.]
{ A*nom"a*li*ped (#)(#),
A*nom"a*li*pede (#), } a.
[L. anomalus irregular + pes,
pedis, foot.] Having anomalous feet.
A*nom"a*li*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of a group of perching birds, having the middle toe more
or less united to the outer and inner ones.
A*nom"a*lism (#), n. An
anomaly; a deviation from rule.
Hooker.
{ A*nom`a*lis"tic (#),
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. anomalistique.] 1.
Irregular; departing from common or established rules.
2. (Astron.) Pertaining to the anomaly,
or angular distance of a planet from its perihelion.
Anomalistic month. See under
Month. -- Anomalistic revolution,
the period in which a planet or satellite goes through the
complete cycles of its changes of anomaly, or from any point in
its elliptic orbit to the same again. --
Anomalistic, or Periodical
year. See under Year.
A*nom`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. With
irregularity.
A*nom`a*lo*flo"rous (#), a. [L.
anomalus irregular + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having
anomalous flowers.
A*nom"a*lous (#), a [L.
anomalus, Gr. / uneven, irregular; / priv. + /
even, / same. See Same, and cf.
Abnormal.] Deviating from a general rule,
method, or analogy; abnormal; irregular; as, an
anomalous proceeding.
A*nom"a*lous*ly, adv. In an anomalous
manner.
A*nom"a*lous*ness, n. Quality of being
anomalous.
A*nom"a*ly (#), n.; pl.
Anomalies (#). [L.
anomalia, Gr. /. See Anomalous.]
1. Deviation from the common rule; an irregularity;
anything anomalous.
We are enabled to unite into a consistent whole the various
anomalies and contending principles that are found in
the minds and affairs of men.
Burke.
As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater
anomaly in nature than a bird that can not fly.
Darwin.
2. (Astron.) (a) The angular
distance of a planet from its perihelion, as seen from the sun.
This is the true anomaly. The eccentric
anomaly is a corresponding angle at the center of the elliptic
orbit of the planet. The mean anomaly is what the
anomaly would be if the planet's angular motion were
uniform. (b) The angle measuring apparent
irregularities in the motion of a planet.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Any deviation from the
essential characteristics of a specific type.
\'d8A*no"mi*a (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / irregular; / priv. + / law.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of bivalve shells, allied to
the oyster, so called from their unequal valves, of which the
lower is perforated for attachment.
An`o*moph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr.
/ irregular + / leaf.] (Bot.) Having
leaves irregularly placed.
{ \'d8An`o*mu"ra (#),
\'d8An`o*mou"ra (#), } n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / lawless + / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, of which
the hermit crab in an example.
{ An`o*mu"ral (#), An`o*mu"ran
(#), } a. Irregular in the
character of the tail or abdomen; as, the anomural
crustaceans. [Written also
anomoural, anomouran.]
An`o*mu"ran, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Anomura.
An"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /. See
Anomia.] Disregard or violation of law.
[R.]
Glanvill.
A*non" (#), adv. [OE.
anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one
(moment), fr. AS. on in + \'ben one. See
On and One.] 1.
Straightway; at once. [Obs.]
The same is he that heareth the word, and anon with
joy receiveth it.
Matt. xiii. 20.
2. Soon; in a little while.
As it shall better appear anon.
Stow.
3. At another time; then; again.
Sometimes he trots, . . . anon he rears
upright.
Shak.
Anon right, at once; right off.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ever and
anon, now and then; frequently; often.
A pouncet box, which ever and anon
He gave his nose.
Shak.
\'d8A*no"na, n. [NL. Cf.
Ananas.] (Bot.) A genus of
tropical or subtropical plants of the natural order
Anonace\'91, including the soursop.
An`o*na"ceous, a. Pertaining to the
order of plants including the soursop, custard apple, etc.
An"o*nym (#), n. [F.
anonyme. See Anonymous.] 1.
One who is anonymous; also sometimes used for
\'bdpseudonym.\'b8
2. A notion which has no name, or which can not be
expressed by a single English word. [R.]
J. R. Seeley.
An`o*nym"i*ty, n. The quality or state
of being anonymous; anonymousness; also, that which
anonymous. [R.]
He rigorously insisted upon the rights of
anonymity.
Carlyle.
A*non"y*mous, a. [Gr. / without name;
/ priv. + /, Eol. for / name. See Name.]
Nameless; of unknown name; also, of unknown /or unavowed
authorship; as, an anonymous benefactor; an
anonymous pamphlet or letter.
<-- p. 61 -->
A*non"y*mous*ly (#), adv. In an
anonymous manner; without a name.
Swift.
A*non"y*mous*ness, n. The state or
quality of being anonymous.
Coleridge.
An"o*phyte (#), n. [Gr. /
upward (fr. / up) + / a plant, / to grow.]
(Bot.) A moss or mosslike plant which cellular
stems, having usually an upward growth and distinct leaves.
\'d8An"o*pla (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / unarmed.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
two orders of Nemerteans. See Nemertina.
An*op"lo*there (#),
\'d8An`o*plo*the"ri*um (#), n.
[From Gr. / unarmed (/ priv. + / an implement, weapon)
+ / beast.] (Paleon.) A genus of extinct
quadrupeds of the order Ungulata, whose were first
found in the gypsum quarries near Paris; characterized by the
shortness and feebleness of their canine teeth (whence the
name).
\'d8An`o*plu"ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / weapon, sting + /
tail.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of insects which
includes the lice.
{ \'d8A*nop"si*a (#), An"op`sy
(#), } a. [Gr. / priv. + /
sight.] (Med.) Want or defect of sight;
blindness.
{ \'d8An`o*rex"i*a (#),
An"o*rex`y (#) } n. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / desire, appetite, / desire.]
(Med.) Want of appetite, without a loathing of
food.
Coxe.
A*nor"mal (#), a. [F.
anormal. See Abnormal,
Normal.] Not according to rule;
abnormal. [Obs.]
A*norn (#), v. t. [OF.
a\'94rner, a\'94urner, fr. L.
adornare to adorn. The form
a-ourne was corrupted into
anourne.] To adorn.
[Obs.]
Bp. Watson.
A*nor"thic (#), a. [See
Anorthite.] (Min.) Having unequal
oblique axes; as, anorthic crystals.
A*nor"thite (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / straight (/ sc. / right angle); not in a right
angle.] A mineral of the feldspar family, commonly
occurring in small glassy crystals, also a constituent of some
igneous rocks. It is a lime feldspar. See
Feldspar.
A*nor"tho*scope (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / straight + -scope.]
(Physics) An optical toy for producing amusing
figures or pictures by means of two revolving disks, on one of
which distorted figures are painted.
\'d8A*nos"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / smell.] (Med.) Loss
of the sense of smell.
An*oth"er (#), pron. & a.
[An a, one + other.] 1.
One more, in addition to a former number; a second or
additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.
Another yet! -- a seventh! I 'll see no more.
Shak.
Would serve to scale another Hero's tower.
Shak.
2. Not the same; different.
He winks, and turns his lips another way.
Shak.
3. Any or some; any different person, indefinitely;
any one else; some one else.
Let another man praise thee, and not thine own
mouth.
Prov. xxvii. 2.
While I am coming, another steppeth down before
me.
John v. 7.
another may have a
possessive another's, pl. others, poss. pl.
other'. It is much used in opposition to
one; as, one went one way, another another.
It is also used with one, in a reciprocal sense; as,
\'bdlove one another,\'b8 that is, let each love the
other or others. \'bdThese two imparadised in one
another's arms.\'b8
Milton.
An*oth"er-gaines` (#), a.
[Corrupted fr. another-gates.]
Of another kind. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
An*oth"er-gates` (#), a.
[Another + gate, or gait,
way. Cf. Algates.] Of another sort.
[Obs.] \'bdAnother-gates adventure.\'b8
Hudibras.
An*oth"er-guess (#), a.
[Corrupted fr. another-gates.]
Of another sort. [Archaic]
It used to go in another-guess manner.
Arbuthnot.
A*not"ta (#), n. See
Annotto.
An*ou"ra (?; 277), n. See
Anura.
An*ou"rous (#), a. See
Anurous.
\'d8An"sa (#), n.; pl.
Ans\'91 (#). [L., a handle.]
(Astron.) A name given to either of the
projecting ends of Saturn's ring.
An"sa*ted (#), a. [L.
ansatus, fr. ansa a handle.]
Having a handle.
Johnson.
An"ser*a`ted (#), a.
(Her.) Having the extremities terminate in the
heads of eagles, lions, etc.; as, an anserated
cross.
\'d8An"se*res (#), n. pl. [L.,
geese.] (Zo\'94l.) A Linn\'91an order of
aquatic birds swimming by means of webbed feet, as the duck, or
of lobed feet, as the grebe. In this order were included the
geese, ducks, auks, divers, gulls, petrels, etc.
\'d8An`se*ri*for"mes (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the
geese, ducks, and closely allied forms.
An"ser*ine (#), a [L.
anserinus, fr. anser a goose.]
1. Pertaining to, or resembling, a goose, or the
skin of a goose.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the
Anseres.
An"ser*ous (#), a. [L.
anser a goose.] Resembling a goose; silly;
simple.
Sydney Smith.
An"swer (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Answered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Answering.] [OE. andswerien,
AS. andswerian, andswarian, to answer, fr.
andswaru, n., answer. See Answer,
n.] 1. To speak in defense
against; to reply to in defense; as, to answer a
charge; to answer an accusation.
2. To speak or write in return to, as in return to
a call or question, or to a speech, declaration, argument, or the
like; to reply to (a question, remark, etc.); to respond
to.
She answers him as if she knew his mind.
Shak.
So spake the apostate angel, though in pain: . . .
And him thus answered soon his bold compeer.
Milton.
3. To respond to satisfactorily; to meet
successfully by way of explanation, argument, or justification,
and the like; to refute.
No man was able to answer him a word.
Matt. xxii. 46.
These shifts refuted, answer thine appellant.
Milton.
The reasoning was not and could not be
answered.
Macaulay.
4. To be or act in return or response to.
Hence: (a) To be or act in compliance with, in
fulfillment or satisfaction of, as an order, obligation, demand;
as, he answered my claim upon him; the servant
answered the bell.
This proud king . . . studies day and night
To answer all the debts he owes unto you.
Shak.
(b) To render account to or for.
I will . . . send him to answer thee.
Shak.
(c) To atone; to be punished for.
And grievously hath C\'91zar answered it.
Shak.
(d) To be opposite to; to face.
The windows answering each other, we could just
discern the glowing horizon them.
Gilpin.
(e) To be or act an equivalent to, or as adequate
or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.
[R.]
Money answereth all things.
Eccles. x. 19.
(f) To be or act in accommodation, conformity,
relation, or proportion to; to correspond to; to suit.
Weapons must needs be dangerous things, if they
answered the bulk of so prodigious a person.
Swift.
An"swer, v. i. 1. To speak or
write by way of return (originally, to a charge), or in reply; to
make response.
There was no voice, nor any that answered.
1 Kings xviii. 26.
2. To make a satisfactory response or return.
Hence: To render account, or to be responsible; to be
accountable; to make amends; as, the man must answer
to his employer for the money intrusted to his care.
Let his neck answer for it, if there is any martial
law.
Shak.
3. To be or act in return. Hence:
(a) To be or act by way of compliance, fulfillment,
reciprocation, or satisfaction; to serve the purpose; as,
gypsum answers as a manure on some soils.
Do the strings answer to thy noble hand?
Dryden.
(b) To be opposite, or to act in opposition.
(c) To be or act as an equivalent, or as adequate
or sufficient; as, a very few will
answer. (d) To be or act in
conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation,
or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; -- usually
with to.
That the time may have all shadow and silence in it, and the
place answer to convenience.
Shak.
If this but answer to my just belief,
I 'll remember you.
Shak.
As in water face answereth to face, so the heart of
man to man.
Pro/. xxvii. 19.
An"swer, n. [OE. andsware,
AS. andswaru; and against +
swerian to swear. /, /. See Anti-, and
Swear, and cf. 1st un-.] 1.
A reply to a change; a defense.
At my first answer no man stood with me.
2 Tim. iv. 16.
2. Something said or written in reply to a
question, a call, an argument, an address, or the like; a
reply.
A soft answer turneth away wrath.
Prov. xv. 1.
I called him, but he gave me no answer.
Cant. v. 6.
3. Something done in return for, or in consequence
of, something else; a responsive action.
Great the slaughter is
Here made by the Roman; great the answer be
Britons must take.
Shak.
4. A solution, the result of a mathematical
operation; as, the answer to a problem.
5. (Law) A counter-statement of facts in
a course of pleadings; a confutation of what the other party has
alleged; a responsive declaration by a witness in reply to a
question. In Equity, it is the usual form of defense
to the complainant's charges in his bill.
Bouvier.
Syn. -- Reply; rejoinder; response. See
Reply.
An"swer*a*ble (#), a. 1.
Obliged to answer; liable to be called to account; liable to
pay, indemnify, or make good; accountable; amenable; responsible;
as, an agent is answerable to his principal; to be
answerable for a debt, or for damages.
Will any man argue that . . . he can not be justly punished,
but is answerable only to God?
Swift.
2. Capable of being answered or refuted; admitting
a satisfactory answer.
The argument, though subtle, is yet answerable.
Johnson.
3. Correspondent; conformable; hence,
comparable.
What wit and policy of man is answerable to their
discreet and orderly course?
Holland.
This revelation . . . was answerable to that of the
apostle to the Thessalonians.
Milton.
4. Proportionate; commensurate; suitable; as,
an achievement answerable to the preparation for
it.
5. Equal; equivalent; adequate.
[Archaic]
Had the valor of his soldiers been answerable, he
had reached that year, as was thought, the utmost bounds of
Britain.
Milton.
An"swer*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being answerable, liable, responsible, or correspondent.
An"swer*a*bly (#), adv. In an
answerable manner; in due proportion or correspondence;
suitably.
An"swer*er (#), n. One who
answers.
An"swer*less (#), a. Having no
answer, or impossible to be answered.
Byron.
An 't (#). An it, that is,
and it or if it. See An,
conj. [Obs.]
An't (#). A contraction for are
and am not; also used for is not; -- now
usually written ain't. [Colloq. &
illiterate speech.]
Ant-. See Anti-, prefix.
-ant. [F. -ant, fr. L. -antem
or -entem, the pr. p. ending; also sometimes directly
from L. -antem.] A suffix sometimes marking
the agent for action; as, merchant,
covenant, servant, pleasant, etc.
Cf. -ent.
Ant (#), n. [OE.
ante, amete, emete, AS.
\'91mete akin to G. ameise. Cf.
Emmet.] (Zo\'94l.) A hymenopterous
insect of the Linn\'91an genus Formica, which is now
made a family of several genera; an emmet; a pismire.
agricultural ants, carpenter ants,
honey ants, foraging ants, amazon
ants, etc. The white ants or Termites belong to
the Neuroptera.
Ant bird (Zo\'94l.), one of a very
extensive group of South American birds
(Formicariid\'91), which live on ants. The family
includes many species, some of which are called ant
shrikes, ant thrushes, and ant
wrens. -- Ant rice (Bot.),
a species of grass (Aristida oligantha) cultivated
by the agricultural ants of Texas for the sake of its
seed.
\'d8An"ta (#), n.; pl.
Ant\'91 (#). [L.]
(Arch.) A species of pier produced by thickening
a wall at its termination, treated architecturally as a pilaster,
with capital and base.
ant\'91, are called in Latin in
antis.
Ant*ac"id (#), n.
[Pref. anti- + acid.]
(Med.) A remedy for acidity of the stomach, as an
alkali or absorbent. -- a.
Counteractive of acidity.
Ant*ac"rid (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + acrid.] Corrective of
acrimony of the humors.
An*t\'91"an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to Ant\'91us, a giant athlete slain
by Hercules.
An*tag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / to struggle against; / against + / to contend or
struggle, / contest: cf. F. antagonisme. See
Agony.] Opposition of action; counteraction
or contrariety of things or principles.
antagonism between two
things, to or against a thing, and
sometimes with a thing.
An*tag"o*nist (#), n. [L.
antagonista, Gr. /; / against + / combatant,
champion, fr. /: cf. F. antagoniste. See
Antagonism.] 1. One who contends
with another, especially in combat; an adversary; an
opponent.
Antagonist of Heaven's Almigthy King.
Milton.
Our antagonists in these controversies.
Hooker.
2. (Anat.) A muscle which acts in
opposition to another; as a flexor, which bends a
part, is the antagonist of an extensor,
which extends it.
3. (Med.) A medicine which opposes the
action of another medicine or of a poison when absorbed into the
blood or tissues.
Syn. -- Adversary; enemy; opponent; toe; competitor. See
Adversary.
An*tag"o*nist, a. Antagonistic;
opposing; counteracting; as, antagonist schools of
philosophy.
{ An*tag`o*nis"tic (#),
An*tag`o*nis"tic*al (#), } a.
Opposing in combat, combating; contending or acting against;
as, antagonistic forces. --
An*tag`o*nis"tic*al*ly,
adv.
They were distinct, adverse, even antagonistic.
Milman.
An*tag"o*nize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Antagonized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Antagonozing.] [Gr. /. See
Antagonism.] To contend with; to oppose
actively; to counteract.
An*tag"o*nize, v. i. To act in
opposition.
An*tag"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ + / contest: cf. F. (16th century) antagonie.
See Antagonism.] Contest; opposition;
antagonism. [Obs.]
Antagony that is between Christ and Belial.
Milton.
An*tal"gic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / pain: cf. F.
antalgique.] (Med.) Alleviating
pain. -- n. A medicine to alleviate pain;
an anodyne. [R.]
Ant*al"ka*li (?; 277),
Ant*al"ka*line (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + alkali.] Anything that
neutralizes, or that counteracts an alkaline tendency in the
system.
Hoopplw.
Ant*al"ka*line, a. Of power to
counteract alkalies.
<-- p. 62 -->
Ant*am`bu*la"cral (#),
a. (Zo\'94l.) Away from the ambulacral
region.
\'d8Ant`an*a*cla"sis (#), n.
[Gr. /; / + / a bending back and breaking. See
Anaclastic.] (Rhet.) (a)
A figure which consists in repeating the same word in a
different sense; as, Learn some craft when young,
that when old you may live without craft.
(b) A repetition of words beginning a sentence,
after a long parenthesis; as, Shall that heart (which not
only feels them, but which has all motions of life placed in
them), shall that heart, etc.
\'d8Ant`an*a*go"ge (#), n.
[Pref. anti- + anagoge.]
(Rhet.) A figure which consists in answering the
charge of an adversary, by a counter charge.
Ant`aph*ro*dis"i*ac (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + aphrodisiac.]
(Med.) Capable of blunting the venereal
appetite. -- n. Anything that
quells the venereal appetite.
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / Aphrodite: cf. F.
antaphroditique.] (Med.)
1. Antaphrodisiac.
2. Antisyphilitic. [R.]
Ant`aph*ro*dit"ic, n. An antaphroditic
medicine.
Ant`ap*o*plec"tic (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + apoplectic.]
(Med.) Good against apoplexy. --
n. A medicine used against
apoplexy.
Ant*ar"chism (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / government.] Opposition to
government in general. [R.]
Ant*ar"chist (#), n. One who
opposes all government. [R.]
{ Ant`ar*chis"tic (#),
Ant`ar*chis"tic*al (#), } a.
Opposed to all human government. [R.]
Ant*arc"tic (#), a. [OE.
antartik, OF. antartique, F.
antarctique, L. antarcticus, fr. Gr. /;
/ + / bear. See Arctic.] Opposite to the
northern or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to the
region near it, and applied especially to a circle, distant from
the pole 23antarctic
pole, circle, ocean, region, current, etc.
\'d8An*ta"res (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ similar to + / Mars. It was thought to resemble Mars in
color.] The principal star in Scorpio: -- called also
the Scorpion's Heart.
Ant`ar*thrit"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + arthritic.] (Med.)
Counteracting or alleviating gout. -- n. A
remedy against gout.
Ant`asth*mat"ic (? or ?; see Asthma;
277), a. [Pref. anti- +
asthmatic.] (Med.) Opposing, or
fitted to relieve, asthma. -- n. A remedy
for asthma.
Ant"-bear` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An edentate animal of tropical America
(the Tamanoir), living on ants. It belongs to the
genus Myrmecophaga.
Ant" bird (#), (Zo\'94l.) See
Ant bird, under Ant, n.
Ant"-cat`tle (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) Various kinds of plant lice or aphids
tended by ants for the sake of the honeydew which they secrete.
See Aphips.
An"te- (#). A Latin preposition and
prefix; akin to Gr. /, Skr. anti, Goth.
and-, anda- (only in comp.), AS.
and-, ond-, (only in comp.: cf.
Answer, Along), G. ant-,
ent- (in comp.). The Latin ante is
generally used in the sense of before, in regard to
position, order, or time, and the Gr. / in that of
opposite, or in the place of.
An"te, n. (Poker Playing)
Each player's stake, which is put into the pool before
(ante) the game begins.
An"te, v. t. & i. To put up (an
ante).
An"te*act` (#), n. A preceding
act.
An"te*al (#), a.
[ets>antea, ante, before. Cf.
Ancient.] Being before, or in front.
[R.]
J. Fleming.
Ant"-eat`er (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several species of edentates
and monotremes that feed upon ants. See Ant-bear,
Pangolin, Aard-vark, and
Echidna.
An`te*ce*da"ne*ous (#), a. [See
Antecede.] Antecedent; preceding in
time. \'bdCapable of antecedaneous proof.\'b8
Barrow.
An`te*cede" (#), v. t. & i. [L.
antecedere; ante + cedere to go. See
Cede.] To go before in time or place; to
precede; to surpass.
Sir M. Hale.
An`te*ced"ence (#), n. 1.
The act or state of going before in time; precedence.
H. Spenser.
2. (Astron.) An apparent motion of a
planet toward the west; retrogradation.
An`te*ced"en*cy (#), n. The
state or condition of being antecedent; priority.
Fothherby.
An`te*ced"ent (#), a. [L.
antecedens, -entis, p. pr. of
antecedere: cf. F. ant\'82c\'82dent.]
1. Going before in time; prior; anterior;
preceding; as, an event antecedent to the Deluge; an
antecedent cause.
2. Presumptive; as, an antecedent
improbability.
Syn. -- Prior; previous; foregoing.
An`te*ced"ent, n. [Cf. F.
ant\'82c\'82dent.] 1. That which
goes before in time; that which precedes.
South.
The Homeric mythology, as well as the Homeric language, has
surely its antecedents.
Max Miller.
2. One who precedes or goes in front.
[Obs.]
My antecedent, or my gentleman usher.
Massinger.
3. pl. The earlier events of one's
life; previous principles, conduct, course, history.
J. H. Newman.
If the troops . . . prove worthy of their
antecedents, the victory is surely ours.
Gen. G. McClellan.
4. (Gram.) The noun to which a relative
refers; as, in the sentence \'bdSolomon was the prince who
built the temple,\'b8 prince is the antecedent
of who.
5. (Logic) (a) The first or
conditional part of a hypothetical proposition; as, If the
earth is fixed, the sun must move. (b)
The first of the two propositions which constitute an
enthymeme or contracted syllogism; as, Every man is mortal;
therefore the king must die.
6. (Math.) The first of the two terms of
a ratio; the first or third of the four terms of a proportion. In
the ratio a:b, a is the
antecedent, and b the consequent.
An`te*ced"ent*ly (#), adv.
Previously; before in time; at a time preceding; as,
antecedently to conversion.
Barrow.
An`te*ces"sor (#), n. [L., fr.
antecedere, antecessum. See
Antecede, Ancestor.] 1. One
who goes before; a predecessor.
The successor seldom prosecuting his antecessor's
devices.
Sir E. Sandys.
2. An ancestor; a progenitor.
[Obs.]
An"te*cham`ber (#), n. [Cf. F.
antichambre.] 1. A chamber or
apartment before the chief apartment and leading into it, in
which persons wait for audience; an outer chamber. See
Lobby.
2. A space viewed as the outer chamber or the
entrance to an interior part.
The mouth, the antechamber to the digestive
canal.
Todd & Bowman.
An"te*chap`el (#), n. The outer
part of the west end of a collegiate or other chapel.
Shipley.
An*te"cians (#), n. pl. See
Ant/cians.
An`te*com*mun"ion (#), n. A
name given to that part of the Anglican liturgy for the
communion, which precedes the consecration of the elements.
An`te*cur"sor (#), n. [L., fr.
antecurrere to run before; ante + currere
to run.] A forerunner; a precursor.
[Obs.]
An"te*date` (#), n. 1.
Prior date; a date antecedent to another which is the actual
date.
2. Anticipation. [Obs.]
Donne.
An"te*date` (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Antedated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Antedating.] 1.
To date before the true time; to assign to an earlier date;
thus, to antedate a deed or a bond is to give it a
date anterior to the true time of its execution.
2. To precede in time.
3. To anticipate; to make before the true
time.
And antedate the bliss above.
Pope.
Who rather rose the day to antedate.
Wordsworth.
An`te*di*lu"vi*al (#), a.
[Pref. ante- + diluvial.]
Before the flood, or Deluge, in Noah's time.
An`te*di*lu"vi*an (#), a. Of or
relating to the period before the Deluge in Noah's time; hence,
antiquated; as, an antediluvian vehicle.
-- n. One who lived before the
Deluge.
An"te*fact` (#), n. Something
done before another act. [Obs.]
An"te*fix` (#), n.; pl. E.
Antefixes (#); L. Antefixa
(#). [L. ante + fixus
fixed.] (Arch.) (a) An ornament
fixed upon a frieze. (b) An ornament at the
eaves, concealing the ends of the joint tiles of the roof.
(c) An ornament of the cymatium of a classic
cornice, sometimes pierced for the escape of water.
An`te*flex"ion (#), n.
(Med.) A displacement forward of an organ, esp.
the uterus, in such manner that its axis is bent upon
itself.
T. G. Thomas.
Ant" egg` (#). One of the small white
egg-shaped pup\'91 or cocoons of the ant, often seen in or about
ant-hills, and popularly supposed to be eggs.
An"te*lope (#), n. [OF.
antelop, F. antilope, fro Gr. /, /,
Eustathius, \'bdHexa\'89m.,\'b8 p. 36, the origin of which is
unknown.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of
ruminant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and the goat.
The horns are usually annulated, or ringed. There are many
species in Africa and Asia.
The antelope and wolf both fierce and fell.
Spenser.
Antilope bezoartica. The chamois of the Alps, the
gazelle, the addax, and the eland are other species. See
Gazelle. The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra
Americana) is found in the Rocky Mountains. See
Pronghorn.
An`te*lu"can (#), a. [L.
antelucanus; ante + lux light.]
Held or being before light; -- a word applied to assemblies
of Christians, in ancient times of persecution, held before light
in the morning. \'bdAntelucan worship.\'b8
De Quincey.
An`te*me*rid"i*an (#), a. [L.
antemeridianus; ante + meridianus belonging
to midday or noon. See Meridian.] Being
before noon; in or pertaining to the forenoon. (Abbrev.
a. m.)
Ant`e*met"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + emetic.] (Med.)
Tending to check vomiting. -- n.
A remedy to check or allay vomiting.
An`te*mo*sa"ic (#), a. Being
before the time of Moses.
An`te*mun"dane (#), a. Being or
occurring before the creation of the world.
Young.
An`te*mu"ral (#), n. [L.
antemurale: ante + murus wall. See
Mural.] An outwork of a strong, high wall,
with turrets, in front gateway (as of an old castle), for
defending the entrance.
An`te*na"tal (#), a. Before
birth.
Shelley.
An`te*ni"cene (#), a.
[L.] Of or in the Christian church or era,
anterior to the first council of Nice, held a. d. 325;
as, antenicene faith.
An*ten"na (#), n.; pl.
Antenn\'91 (#). [L.
antenna sail-yard; NL., a feeler, horn of an
insect.] (Zo\'94l.) A movable, articulated
organ of sensation, attached to the heads of insects and
Crustacea. There are two in the former, and usually four in the
latter. They are used as organs of touch, and in some species of
Crustacea the cavity of the ear is situated near the basal joint.
In insects, they are popularly called horns, and also
feelers. The term in also applied to similar organs on
the heads of other arthropods and of annelids.
An*ten"nal (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the antenn\'91.
Owen.
An`ten*nif"er*ous (#), a.
[Antenna + -ferous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having antenn\'91.
An*ten"ni*form (#), a.
[Antenna + -form.] Shaped
like antenn\'91.
An*ten"nule (#), n. [Dim. of
antenna.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
antenna; -- applied to the smaller pair of antenn\'91 or feelers
of Crustacea.
An`te*num"ber (#), n. A number
that precedes another. [R.]
Bacon.
An`te*nup"tial (#), a.
Preceding marriage; as, an antenuptial
agreement.
Kent.
An`te*or"bit*al (#), a. & n.
(Anat.) Same as Antorbital.
An`te*pas"chal (#), a.
Pertaining to the time before the Passover, or before
Easter.
An"te*past (#), n. [Pref.
ante- + L. pastus pasture, food. Cf.
Repast.] A foretaste.
Antepasts of joy and comforts.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8An`te*pen"di*um (#), n.
[LL., fr. L. ante + pendere to hang.]
(Eccl.) The hangings or screen in front of the
altar; an altar cloth; the frontal.
Smollett.
{ An`te*pe"nult (#), \'d8
An`te*pe*nult"i*ma (#), } n.
[L. antepaenultima (sc. syllaba)
antepenultimate; ante before + paenultimus
the last but one; paene almost + ultimus
last.] (Pros.) The last syllable of a word
except two, as -syl in monosyllable.
An`te*pe*nult"i*mate (#), a. Of
or pertaining to the last syllable but two. --
n. The antepenult.
Ant`eph*i*al"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / nightmare.] (Med.)
Good against nightmare. -- n. A
remedy nightmare.
Dunglison.
Ant`ep*i*lep"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + epileptic.] (Med.)
Good against epilepsy. -- n.
A medicine for epilepsy.
An"te*pone (#), v. t. [L.
anteponere.] To put before; to
prefer. [Obs.]
Bailey.
An"te*port (#), n. [Cf. LL.
anteporta.] An outer port, gate, or
door.
An`te*por"ti*co (#), n. An
outer porch or vestibule.
An`te*po*si"tion (#), n. [Cf.
LL. antepositio. See Position.]
(Gram.) The placing of a before another, which,
by ordinary rules, ought to follow it.
An`te*pran"di*al (#), a.
Preceding dinner.
An`te*pre*dic"a*ment (#), n.
(Logic) A prerequisite to a clear understanding
of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common
terms.
Chambers.
An*te"ri*or (#), a. [L.
anterior, comp. of ante before.]
1. Before in time; antecedent.
Antigonus, who was anterior to Polybius.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. Before, or toward the front, in place; as,
the anterior part of the mouth; -- opposed to
posterior.
anterior often
signifies at or toward the head, cephalic; and in human anatomy
it is often used for ventral.
Syn. -- Antecedent; previous; precedent; preceding; former;
foregoing.
An*te`ri*or"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
anterioritas.] The state of being anterior
or preceding in time or in situation; priority.
Pope.
An*te"ri*or*ly (#), adv. In an
anterior manner; before.
An"te*room (#), n. A room
before, or forming an entrance to, another; a waiting room.
An"te*ro- (#). A combining form meaning
anterior, front; as,
antero-posterior, front and back;
antero-lateral, front side, anterior and at the
side.
An"tes (#), n. pl.
Ant\'91. See Anta.
An`te*stat"ure (#), n.
(Fort.) A small intrenchment or work of
palisades, or of sacks of earth.
An"te*stom`ach (#), n. A cavity
which leads into the stomach, as in birds.
Ray.
An"te*tem`ple (#), n. The
portico, or narthex in an ancient temple or church.
An`te*ver"sion (#), n. [Pref.
ante- + L. vertere, versum, to
turn.] (Med.) A displacement of an organ,
esp. of the uterus, in such manner that its whole axis is
directed further forward than usual.
An`te*vert" (#), v. t. [L.
antevertere; ante + vertere to turn.]
1. To prevent. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. (Med.) To displace by
anteversion.
Ant*hel"ion (?; 277, 106), n.;
pl. Anthelia (#). [Pref.
anti + Gr. / sun.] (Meteor.) A
halo opposite the sun, consisting of a colored ring or rings
around the shadow of the spectator's own head, as projected on a
cloud or on an opposite fog bank.
<-- p. 63 -->
Ant"he*lix (#), n.
(Anat.) Same as Antihelix.
An"thel*min"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, worm, esp. a tapeworm, or
mawworm..] (Med.) Good against intestinal
worms. -- An anthelmintic remedy.
[Written also anthelminthic.]
An"them (#), n. [OE.
antym, antefne, AS. antefen, fr.
LL. antiphona, fr. Gr. /, neut. pl. of / antiphon,
or anthem, n. neut., from / sounding contrary, returning a
sound; / over against + / sound, voice: the anthem being sung
by the choristers alternately, one half-choir answering the
other: cf. OF. anthaine, anteine,
antieune, F. antienne. See
Antiphon.] 1. Formerly, a hymn sung
in alternate parts, in present usage, a selection from the
Psalms, or other parts of the Scriptures or the liturgy, set to
sacred music.
2. A song or hymn of praise.
Milton.
An"them, v. t. To celebrate with
anthems. [Poet.]
Sweet birds antheming the morn.
Keats.
\'d8 An*the"mi*on (#), [ fr. Gr. /
flower.] A floral ornament. See
Palmette.
\'d8An"the*mis (#), n. [Gr.
/, equiv. to / flower; an herb like our chamomile.]
(Bot.) Chamomile; a genus of composite,
herbaceous plants.
An"them*wise` (#), adv.
Alternately. [Obs.]
Bacon.
An"ther (#), n. [F.
anth\'8are, L. anthera a medicine composed
of flowers, fr. Gr. / flowery, fr. / to bloom, /
flower.] (Bot.) That part of the stamen
containing the pollen, or fertilizing dust, which, when mature,
is emitted for the impregnation of the ovary. --
An"ther*al (#),
a.
\'d8An`ther*id"i*um (#), n.;
pl. Anthplwidia (#).
[Anther + / (a Gr. diminutive ending).]
(Bot.) The male reproductive apparatus in the
lower, consisting of a cell or other cavity in which
spermatozoids are produced; -- called also
spermary. --
An`ther*id"i*al (#),
a.
An`ther*if"er*ous (#), a.
[Anther + -ferous.]
(Bot.) (a) Producing anthers, as
plants. (b) Supporting anthers, as a part of
a flower.
Gray.
An*ther"i*form (#), a.
[Anther + -form.] Shaped
like an anther; anther-shaped.
An`ther*og"e*nous (#), a.
[Anther + -genous.]
(Bot.) Transformed from anthers, as the petals of
a double flower.
An"ther*oid (#), a.
[Anther + -oid.] Resembling
an anther.
{ An`ther*o*zoid (#),
An`ther*o*zoo"id (#), } n.
[Gr. / flowery + / animal + -oid. See
Zooid.] (Bot.) One of the mobile
male reproductive bodies in the antheridia of cryptogams.
\'d8An*the"sis (#), n. [Gr. /
bloom, fr. / to bloom, / flower.] (Bot.)
The period or state of full expansion in a flower.
Gray.
Ant"-hill (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A mound thrown up by ants or by
termites in forming their nests.
An*tho"bi*an (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / life.] (Zo\'94l.) A beetle
which feeds on flowers.
\'d8An`tho*bran"chi*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / flower + / gills, n. pl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of nudibranchiate Mollusca,
in which the gills form a wreath or cluster upon the posterior
part of the back. See Nudibranchiata, and
Doris.
An`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr.
/ flower + / fruit.] (Bot.) Having some
portion of the floral envelopes attached to the pericarp to form
the fruit, as in the checkerberry, the mulberry, and the
pineapple.
An`tho*cy"a*nin (#), n. Same as
Anthokyan.
\'d8An*tho"di*um (#), n. [NL.,
from Gr. / like flowers, flowery; / flower + / form.]
(Bot.) The inflorescence of a compound flower in
which many florets are gathered into a involucrate head.
An*thog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + -graphy.] A description of
flowers.
An"thoid (#), a. [Gr. /
flower + -oid.] Resembling a flower;
flowerlike.
An`tho*ky"an (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / blue.] (Chem.) The blue
coloring matter of certain flowers. Same as
Cyanin.
An"tho*lite (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + -lite.] (Paleon.) A
fossil plant, like a petrified flower.
An`tho*log"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to anthology; consisting of beautiful extracts
from different authors, especially the poets.
He published a geographical and anthological
description of all empires and kingdoms . . . in this terrestrial
globe.
Wood.
An*thol"o*gist (#), n. One who
compiles an anthology.
An*thol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / flower gathering; / flower + / to gather.]
1. A discourses on flowers. [R.]
2. A collection of flowers; a garland.
[R.]
3. A collection of flowers of literature, that is,
beautiful passages from authors; a collection of poems or
epigrams; -- particularly applied to a collection of ancient
Greek epigrams.
4. (Gr. Ch.) A service book containing a
selection of pieces for the festival services.
An`tho*ma"ni*a (#), n. [Gr. /
flower / madness.] A extravagant fondness for
flowers. [R.]
An"tho*ny's Fire` (#). See Saint
Anthony's Fire, under Saint.
An*thoph"a*gous (#), a. [Gr.
/ flower + / to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating
flowers; -- said of certain insects.
An"tho*phore (#), n. [Gr. /
bearing flowers; / flower + / bearing, / to bear.]
(Bot.) The stipe when developed into an internode
between calyx and corolla, as in the Pink family.
Gray.
An*thoph"o*rous (#), a. Flower
bearing; supporting the flower.
An*thoph"yl*lite (#), n. [NL.
anthophyllum clove.] A mineral of the
hornblende group, of a yellowish gray or clove brown color.
-- An`tho*phyl*lit"ic (#),
a.
An"tho*rism (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ + / to bound, define.] (Rhet.) A
description or definition contrary to that which is given by the
adverse party. [R.]
An"tho*tax`y (#), n. [Gr. /
flower + / order.] (Bot.) The
arrangement of flowers in a cluster; the science of the relative
position of flowers; inflorescence.
\'d8An`tho*zo"a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / flower + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) The class of the C\'d2lenterata which
includes the corals and sea anemones. The three principal groups
or orders are Acyonaria, Actinaria, and
Madreporaria.
An`tho*zo"an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Anthozoa. --
n. One of the
Anthozoa.
An"tho*zo"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the Anthozoa.
An"thra*cene (#), n. [Gr. /
coal.] (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon,
C6H4.C2H2.C6H4, which accompanies naphthalene in
the last stages of the distillation of coal tar. Its chief use is
in the artificial production of alizarin. [Written
also anthracin.]<-- tricyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon. -->
An*thrac"ic (#), a. Of or
relating to anthrax; as, anthracic blood.
An`thra*cif"er*ous (#), a. [Gr.
/ coal + -ferous.] (Min.)
Yielding anthracite; as, anthraciferous
strata.
An"thra*cite (#), n. [L.
anthracites a kind of bloodstone; fr. Gr. / like
coals, fr. /, /, coal or charcoal. Cf.
Anthrax.] A hard, compact variety of mineral
coal, of high luster, differing from bituminous coal in
containing little or no bitumen, in consequence of which it burns
with a nearly non luminous flame. The purer specimens consist
almost wholly of carbon. Also called glance coal and
blind coal.
An"thra*cit"ic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or like, anthracite; as, anthracitic
formations.
An"thra*coid (#), a.
[Anthrax + -oid.]
(Biol.) Resembling anthrax in action; of the
nature of anthrax; as, an anthracoid
microbe.
An"thra*co*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, coal + -mancy.] Divination by
inspecting a burning coal.
An`thra*com"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ coal, carbon + -meter.] An instrument
for measuring the amount of carbonic acid in a mixture.
An`thra*co*met"ric (#), a. Of
or pertaining to an anthracometer.
An*thra"o*nite (#), n. [See
Anthracite.] (Min.) A coal-black
marble, usually emitting a fetid smell when rubbed; -- called
also stinkstone and
swinestone.
An`thra*qui"none (#), n.
[Anthracene + quinone.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon,
C6H4.C2O2.C6H4, subliming in shining yellow
needles. It is obtained by oxidation of anthracene.
An"thrax (#), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ coal, carbuncle.] 1. (Med.)
(a) A carbuncle. (b) A
malignant pustule.
2. (Biol.) A microscopic, bacterial
organism (Bacillus anthracis), resembling transparent
rods. [See Illust. under Bacillus.]
3. An infectious disease of cattle and sheep. It is
ascribed to the presence of a rod-shaped bacterium (Bacillus
anthracis), the spores of which constitute the contagious
matter. It may be transmitted to man by inoculation. The spleen
becomes greatly enlarged and filled with bacteria. Called also
splenic fever.
\'d8An*thre"nus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / a hornet.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of small beetles, several of which, in the larval state, are very
destructive to woolen goods, fur, etc. The common \'bdmuseum
pest\'b8 is A. varius; the carpet beetle is A.
scrophulari\'91. The larv\'91 are commonly confounded with
moths.
{ An*throp"ic (#), An*throp"ic*al
(#), } a. [Gr. /, fr. /
man.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or related to man;
human. [R.]
Owen.
\'d8An*throp"i*d\'91 (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / man.] (Zo\'94l.) The
group that includes man only.
An`thro*po*cen"tric (#), a.
[Gr. / man + / center.] Assuming man as the
center or ultimate end; -- applied to theories of the universe or
of any part of it, as the solar system.
Draper.
An`thro*po*gen"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to anthropogeny.
An`thro*pog"e*ny (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / birth.] The science or study of human
generation, or the origin and development of man.
An*throp"o*glot (#), n. [Gr.
/; / man + /, /, tongue.] (Zo\'94l.)
An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, as the
parrot.
An`thro*pog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -graphy.] That branch of
anthropology which treats of the actual distribution of the human
race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical
character, language, institutions, and customs, in
contradistinction to ethnography, which treats
historically of the origin and filiation of races and
nations.
P. Cyc.
An"thro*poid (#), a. [Gr. /
man + -oid.] Resembling man; -- applied
especially to certain apes, as the ourang or gorilla. --
n. An anthropoid
ape.
An`thro*poid"al (#), a.
Anthropoid.
\'d8An`thro*poid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Anthropoid.] (Zo\'94l.)
The suborder of primates which includes the monkeys, apes,
and man.
An`thro*pol"a*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / worship.] Man worship.
An*throp"o*lite (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -lite.] (Paleon.) A
petrifaction of the human body, or of any portion of it.
{ An`thro*po*log"ic (#),
An`thro*po*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to anthropology; belonging to the nature of
man. \'bdAnthropologic wisdom.\'b8
Kingsley. --
An`thro*po*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An`thro*pol"o*gist (#), n. One
who is versed in anthropology.
An`thro*pol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -logy.] 1. The science
of the structure and functions of the human body.
2. The science of man; -- sometimes used in a
limited sense to mean the study of man as an object of natural
history, or as an animal.
3. That manner of expression by which the inspired
writers attribute human parts and passions to God.
An"thro*po*man`cy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -mancy.] Divination by the
entrails of human being.
{ An`thro*po*met"ric (#),
An`thro*po*met"ric*al (#), }
a. Pertaining to anthropometry.
An`thro*pom"e*try (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -mercy.] Measurement of the
height and other dimensions of human beings, especially at
different ages, or in different races, occupations, etc.
Dunglison.
\'d8An`thro*po*mor"pha (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Anthropomorphism.]
(Zo\'94l.) The manlike, or anthropoid,
apes.
An`thro*po*mor"phic (#), a. Of
or pertaining to anthromorphism. Hadley. --
An`thro*po*mor"phic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An`thro*po*mor"phism (#), n.
[Gr. / of human form; / man + / form.]
1. The representation of the Deity, or of a
polytheistic deity, under a human form, or with human attributes
and affections.
2. The ascription of human characteristics to
things not human.
An`thro*po*mor"phist (#), n.
One who attributes the human form or other human attributes
to the Deity or to anything not human.
An`thro*po*mor"phite (#), n.
One who ascribes a human form or human attributes to the
Deity or to a polytheistic deity. Taylor.
Specifically, one of a sect of ancient heretics who believed that
God has a human form, etc. Tillotson.
An`thro*po*mor*phit"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) to anthropomorphism.
Kitto.
An`thro*po*mor"phi*tism (#), n.
Anthropomorphism.
Wordsworth.
An`thro*po*mor"phize (#), v. t. & i.
To attribute a human form or personality to.
You may see imaginative children every day
anthropomorphizing.
Lowell.
An`thro*po*mor*phol"o*gy (#), n.
[Gr. / + -logy. See
Anthropomorphism.] The application to God of
terms descriptive of human beings.
An`thro*po*mor"pho*sis (#), n.
Transformation into the form of a human being.
An`thro*po*mor"phous (#), a.
Having the figure of, or resemblance to, a man; as, an
anthromorphous plant.
\'bdAnthromorphous apes.\'b8
Darwin.
{ An`thro*po*path"ic (#),
An`thro*po*path"ic*al (#), }
a. Of or pertaining to anthropopathy.
[R.] --
An`thro*po*path"ic*al*ly,
adv.
The daring anthropopathic imagery by which the
prophets often represent God as chiding, upbraiding,
threatening.
H. Rogers.
{ An`thro*pop"a*thism (#),
An`thro*pop"a*thy (#), } n.
[Gr. /; / man + / suffering, affection, passion, /,
/, to suffer.] The ascription of human feelings or
passions to God, or to a polytheistic deity.
In its recoil from the gross anthropopathy of the
vulgar notions, it falls into the vacuum of absolute apathy.
Hare.
\'d8An`thro*poph"a*gi (#), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. / eating men; / man + + / to eat.]
Man eaters; cannibals.
Shak.
{ An`thro*po*phag"ic (#),
An`thro*po*phag"ic*al (#), }
a. Relating to cannibalism or
anthropophagy.
An`thro*poph`a*gin"i*an (#), n.
One who east human flesh. [Ludicrous]
Shak.
An`thro*poph"a*gite (#), n. A
cannibal.
W. Taylor.
An`thro*poph"a*gous (#), a.
Feeding on human flesh; cannibal.
An`thro*poph"a*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/.] The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.
<-- p. 64 -->
An"thro*poph"u*ism (#), n. [Gr.
/ of man's nature; / a man + / nature.] Human
nature. [R.]
Gladstone.
An`thro*pos"co*py (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + -scopy.] The art of discovering
or judging of a man's character, passions. and inclinations from
a study of his visible features. [R.]
An`thro*pos"o*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / wisdom, knowledge.] Knowledge of the
nature of man; hence, human wisdom.
An`thro*po*tom"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to anthropotomy, or the dissection of human
bodies.
An`thro*pot"o*mist (#), n. One
who is versed in anthropotomy, or human anatomy.
An`thro*pot"o*my (#), n. [Gr.
/ man + / a cutting.] The anatomy or dissection of
the human body; androtomy.
Owen.
Ant`hyp*not"ic (#). See
Antihypnotic.
Ant`hyp*o*chon"dri*ac (#), a. & n.
See Antihypochondriac.
Ant`hys*ter"ic (#), a. & n. See
Antihysteric.
An"ti (#). [Gr. / against. See
Ante.] A prefix meaning against,
opposite or opposed to,
contrary, or in place of; -- used in
composition in many English words. It is often shortened to
ant-; as, antacid,
antarctic.
\'d8An"ti*\'91 (#), n. pl. [L.,
forelock.] (Zo\'94l.) The two projecting
feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal
points.
An`ti*al*bu"mid (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + -albumin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A body formed from albumin by pancreatic and
gastric digestion. It is convertible into antipeptone.
An`ti*al"bu*mose` (#), n.
(Physiol.) See Albumose.
An`ti-A*mer"i*can (#), a.
Opposed to the Americans, their aims, or interests, or to
the genius of American institutions.
Marshall.
An`ti*aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#), a. & n.
Same as Antaphrodisiac.
An`ti*ap`o*plec"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antapoplectic.
An"ti*ar (#), n. [Jav.
antjar.] A Virulent poison prepared in Java
from the gum resin of one species of the upas tree (Antiaris
toxicaria).
An`ti*a*rin (#), n.
(Chem.) A poisonous principle obtained from
antiar.
Watts.
An`ti*asth*mat"ic (#), a. & n.
Same as Antasthmatic.
An`ti*at*tri"tion (#), n.
Anything to prevent the effects of friction, esp. a compound
lubricant for machinery, etc., often consisting of plumbago, with
some greasy material; antifriction grease.
\'d8An`ti*bac*chi"us (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. / + /. See Bacchius.]
(Pros.) A foot of three syllables, the first two
long, and the last short (#).
An`ti*bil"lous (#), a.
Counteractive of bilious complaints; tending to relieve
biliousness.
An`ti*brach"i*al (#), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the antibrachium, or
forearm.
\'d8An`ti*brach"i*um (#), n.
[NL.] (Anat.) That part of the fore
limb between the brachium and the carpus; the forearm.
An`ti*bro"mic (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / a stink.] An agent that
destroys offensive smells; a deodorizer.
An`ti*burgh"er (#), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) One who seceded from the Burghers (1747),
deeming it improper to take the Burgess oath.
An"tic (#), a. [The same word
as antique; cf. It. antico ancient. See
Antique.] 1. Old; antique.
(Zo\'94l.) \'bdLords of antic
fame.\'b8
Phaer.
2. Odd; fantastic; fanciful; grotesque;
ludicrous.
The antic postures of a merry-andrew.
Addison.
The Saxons . . . worshiped many idols, barbarous in name, some
monstrous, all antic for shape.
Fuller.
An"tic, n. 1. A buffoon or
merry-andrew; one that practices odd gesticulations; the Fool of
the old play.
2. An odd imagery, device, or tracery; a fantastic
figure.
Woven with antics and wild imagery.
Spenser.
3. A grotesque trick; a piece of buffoonery; a
caper.
And fraught with antics as the Indian bird
That writhes and chatters in her wiry cage.
Wordsworth.
4. (Arch.) A grotesque
representation. [Obs.]
5. An antimask. [Obs. or R.]
Performed by knights and ladies of his court
In nature of an antic.
Ford.
An"tic, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Anticked (#),
Antickt.] To make appear like a
buffoon. [Obs.]
Shak.
An"tic, v. i. To perform antics.
An`ti*ca*tarrh`al (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious against catarrh. --
n. An anticatarrhal remedy.
An`ti*cath"ode (#), n.
(Phys.) The part of a vacuum tube opposite the
cathode. Upon it the cathode rays impinge.
An`ti*cau*sod"ic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Anticausotic.
An`ti*cau*sot"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / fever, / to burn.]
(Med.) Good against an inflammatory fever.
-- n. A remedy for such a
fever.
An"ti*cham`ber, n. [Obs.]
See Antechamber.
An"ti*chlor (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + chlorine.] (Chem.)
Any substance (but especially sodium hyposulphite) used in
removing the excess of chlorine left in paper pulp or stuffs
after bleaching.
An"ti*christ (#), n. [L.
Antichristus, Gr. /; / against + /.]
A denier or opponent of Christ. Specif.: A great antagonist,
person or power, expected to precede Christ's second
coming.
An`ti*chris"tian (?; 106), a.
Opposed to the Christian religion.
{ An`ti*chris"tian*ism (#),
An`ti*chris*tian"i*ty (#), }
n. Opposition or contrariety to the Christian
religion.
An`ti*chris"tian*ly (#), adv.
In an antichristian manner.
An`ti*chron"ic*al (#), a.
Deviating from the proper order of time. --
An`ti*chron"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tich"ro*nism (#), n. [Gr.
/; / against + / time.] Deviation from the true
order of time; anachronism. [R.]
Selden.
\'d8An*tich"thon (#), n.; pl.
Antichthones (#). [Gr. /; /
against + / the earth.] 1. A hypothetical
earth counter to ours, or on the opposite side of the sun.
Grote.
2. pl. Inhabitants of opposite
hemispheres.
Whewell.
An*tic"i*pant (#), a. [L.
anticipans, p. pr. of anticipare.]
Anticipating; expectant; -- with of.
Wakening guilt, anticipant of hell.
Southey.
An*tic"i*pate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Anticipated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Anticipating
(#).] [L. anticipatus, p. p.
of anticipare to anticipate; ante + capere
to make. See Capable.] 1. To be
before in doing; to do or take before another; to preclude or
prevent by prior action.
To anticipate and prevent the duke's purpose.
R. Hall.
He would probably have died by the hand of the executioner, if
indeed the executioner had not been anticipated by the
populace.
Macaulay.
2. To take up or introduce beforehand, or before
the proper or normal time; to cause to occur earlier or
prematurely; as, the advocate has anticipated a part
of his argument.
3. To foresee (a wish, command, etc.) and do
beforehand that which will be desired.
4. To foretaste or foresee; to have a previous view
or impression of; as, to anticipate the pleasures of
a visit; to anticipate the evils of life.
Syn. -- To prevent; obviate; preclude; forestall;
expect. -- To Anticipate, Expect.
These words, as here compared, agree in regarding some future
event as about to take place. Expect is the stringer.
It supposes some ground or reason in the mind for considering the
event as likely to happen. Anticipate is, literally,
to take beforehand, and here denotes simply to take
into the mind as conception of the future. Hence, to say, \'bdI
did not anticipate a refusal,\'b8 expresses something
less definite and strong than to say, \'bd did not
expect it.\'b8 Still, anticipate is a convenient
word to be interchanged with expect in cases where the
thought will allow.
Good with bad
Expect to hear; supernal grace contending
With sinfulness of men.
Milton.
I would not anticipate the relish of any happiness,
nor feel the weight of any misery, before it actually
arrives.
Spectator.
Timid men were anticipating another civil war.
Macaulay.
An*tic`i*pa"tion (#), n. [L.
anticipatio: cf. F. anticipation.]
1. The act of anticipating, taking up, placing, or
considering something beforehand, or before the proper time in
natural order.
So shall my anticipation prevent your
discovery.
Shak.
2. Previous view or impression of what is to
happen; instinctive prevision; foretaste; antepast; as, the
anticipation of the joys of heaven.
The happy anticipation of renewed existence in
company with the spirits of the just.
Thodey.
3. Hasty notion; intuitive preconception.
Many men give themselves up to the first
anticipations of their minds.
Locke.
4. (Mus.) The commencing of one or more
tones of a chord with or during the chord preceding, forming a
momentary discord.
Syn. -- Preoccupation; preclusion; foretaste; prelibation;
antepast; pregustation; preconception; expectation; foresight;
forethought.
An*tic"i*pa*tive (#), a.
Anticipating, or containing anticipation.
\'bdAnticipative of the feast to come.\'b8
Cary. -- An*tic"i*pa*tive*ly,
adv.
An*tic"i*pa`tor (#), n. One who
anticipates.
An*tic"i*pa*to*ry (#), a.
Forecasting; of the nature of anticipation.
Owen.
Here is an anticipatory glance of what was to
be.
J. C. Shairp.
An`ti*civ"ic (#), n. Opposed to
citizenship.
An`ti*civ"ism (#), n.
Opposition to the body politic of citizens.
[Obs.]
Carlyle.
An`ti*clas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- = Gr. / to break.] Having to
opposite curvatures, that is, curved longitudinally in one
direction and transversely in the opposite direction, as the
surface of a saddle.
An`ti*cli"max (#), n.
(Rhet.) A sentence in which the ideas fall, or
become less important and striking, at the close; -- the opposite
of climax. It produces a ridiculous effect.
Example:
Next comes Dalhousie, the great god of war,
Lieutenant-colonel to the Earl // Mar.
An`ti*cli"nal (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to incline.] Inclining or
dipping in opposite directions. See Synclinal.
Anticlinal line, Anticlinal
axis (Geol.), a line from which
strata dip in opposite directions, as from the ridge of a
roof. -- Anticlinal vertebra (Anat.),
one of the dorsal vertebr\'91, which in many animals has an
upright spine toward which the spines of the neighboring
vertebr\'91 are inclined.
An`ti*cli"nal, n. (Geol.) The
crest or line in which strata slope or dip in opposite
directions.
\'d8An`ti*cli*no"ri*um (#), n.;
pl. Anticlinoria (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. / against + / to incline + / mountain.]
(Geol.) The upward elevation of the crust of the
earth, resulting from a geanticlinal.
An"tic*ly (#), adv. Oddly;
grotesquely.
An"tic-mask` (#), n. An
antimask.
B. Jonson.
An"tic*ness, n. The quality of being
antic.
Ford.
An`ti*con`sti*tu"tion*al (#), a.
Opposed to the constitution; unconstitutional.
An`ti*con*ta"gious (#), a.
(Med.) Opposing or destroying contagion.
An`ti*con*vul"sive (#), a.
(Med.) Good against convulsions.
J. Floyer.
An"ti*cor (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + L. cor heart; cf. F.
antic/ur.] (Far.) A dangerous
inflammatory swelling of a horse's breast, just opposite the
heart.
An*ti"cous (#), a. [L.
anticus in front, foremost, fr. ante
before.] (Bot.) Facing toward the axis of
the flower, as in the introrse anthers of the water lily.
An"ti*cy`clone (#), n.
(Meteorol.) A movement of the atmosphere opposite
in character, as regards direction of the wind and distribution
of barometric pressure, to that of a cyclone. --
An`ti*cy*clon"ic (#), a.
-- An`ti*cy*clon"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An"ti*do`tal (#)(#) a. Having
the quality an antidote; fitted to counteract the effects of
poison. Sir T. Browne. --
An"ti*do`tal*ly, adv.
An"ti*do`ta*ry (#), a.
Antidotal. -- n. Antidote;
also, a book of antidotes.
An"ti*dote (#), n. [L.
antidotum, Gr. / (sc. /), fr. / given against;
/ against + / to give: cf. F. antidote. See
Dose, n.] 1. A remedy to
counteract the effects of poison, or of anything noxious taken
into the stomach; -- used with against,
for, or to; as, an antidote
against, for, or to, poison.
2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects,
or to counteract evil which something else might produce.
An"ti*dote, v. t. 1. To
counteract or prevent the effects of, by giving or taking an
antidote.
Nor could Alexander himself . . . antidote . . .
the poisonous draught, when it had once got into his veins.
South.
2. To fortify or preserve by an antidote.
An`ti*dot"ic*al (#), a. Serving
as an antidote. -- An`ti*dot"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tid"ro*mous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / a running.] (Bot.)
Changing the direction in the spiral sequence of leaves on a
stem.
An`ti*dys`en*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against dysentery. --
n. A medicine for dysentery.
An`ti*e*met"ic (#), a. / n.
(Med.) Same as Antemetic.
An`ti*eph`i*al"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antephialtic.
An`ti*ep`i*lep"tic (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Same as Antepileptic.
An`ti*fe"brile (#), a. & n.
(Med.) Febrifuge.
An`ti*feb"rine (#), n.
(Med.) Acetanilide.
An`ti-fed"er*al*ist (#), n. One
of party opposed to a federative government; -- applied
particularly to the party which opposed the adoption of the
constitution of the United States.
Pickering.
An`ti*fric"tion (#), n.
Something to lesse/ friction; antiattrition. --
a. Tending to lessen friction.
An`ti*ga*las"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, milk.] Causing a
diminution or a suppression of the secretion of milk.
An`ti-Gal"li*can (#), a.
Opposed to what is Gallic or French.
An"ti*graph (#), n. [Gr. / a
transcribing: cf. F. antigraphe.] A copy or
transcript.
An`ti*gug"gler (#) n. [Pref.
anti- + guggle or gurgle.]
A crooked tube of metal, to be introduced into the neck of a
bottle for drawing out the liquid without disturbing the sediment
or causing a gurgling noise.
An`ti*he"lix (#), n.
(Anat.) The curved elevation of the cartilage of
the ear, within or in front of the helix. See Ear.
An`ti*hem`or*rhag"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to stop hemorrhage. --
n. A remedy for hemorrhage.
An`ti*hy`dro*phob"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting or preventing
hydrophobia. -- n. A remedy for
hydrophobia.
An`ti*hy*drop"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against dropsy. --
n. A remedy for dropsy.
An`ti*hyp*not"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to prevent sleep. --
n. An antihypnotic agent.
An`ti*hyp`o*chon"dri*ac (#), a.
(Med.) Counteractive of hypochondria. --
n. A remedy for hypochondria.
An`ti*hys*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting hysteria. --
n. A remedy for hysteria.
An`ti*ic*ter"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against jaundice. --
n. A remedy for jaundice.
\'d8An`ti*le*gom"e*na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / against + / to speak; part. pass.
/.] (Eccl.) Certain books of the New
Testament which were for a time not universally received, but
which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the
Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of
Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation.
The undisputed books are called the
Homologoumena.
An`ti*li*bra"tion (#), n. A
balancing; equipoise. [R.]
De Quincey.
An`ti*lith"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Tending to prevent the formation of
urinary calculi, or to destroy them when formed. --
n. An antilithic medicine.
An`ti*log"a*rithm (#), n.
(Math.) The number corresponding to a logarithm.
The word has been sometimes, though rarely, used to denote the
complement of a given logarithm; also the logarithmic cosine
corresponding to a given logarithmic sine. --
An`ti*log`a*rith"mic (#),
a.
An*til"o*gous (#), a. Of the
contrary name or character; -- opposed to
analogous.
Antilogous pole (Eccl.), that pole
of a crystal which becomes negatively electrified when
heated.
An*til"o*gy (#), n.; pl.
Antilogies (#). [Gr. /, fr. /
contradictory; / against + / to speak.] A
contradiction between any words or passages in an author.
Sir W. Hamilton.
<-- p. 65 -->
An`ti*loi"mic (#), n.
(Med.) A remedy against the plague.
Brande & C.
An*til"o*pine (#), a. Of or
relating to the antelope.
An*til"o*quist (#), n. A
contradicter. [Obs.]
An*til"o*quy (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + L. loqui to speak.]
Contradiction. [Obs.]
An`ti*lys"sic (#), a. & n.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / rage, madness.]
(Med.) Antihydrophobic.
An`ti*ma*cas"sar (#), n. A
cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, etc., to prevent
them from being soiled by macassar or other oil from the
hair.
An`ti*ma*gis"tric*al (#), a.
[Pref. anti- + magistrical for
magistratical.] Opposed to the office or
authority of magistrates. [Obs.]
South.
An`ti*ma*la"ri*al (#), a. Good
against malaria.
An"ti*mask` (#), n. A secondary
mask, or grotesque interlude, between the parts of a serious
mask. [Written also anue.]
Bacon.
An`ti*ma"son (#), n. One
opposed to Freemasonry. --
An`ti*ma*son"ic (#),
a.
An`ti*ma"son*ry (#), n.
Opposition to Freemasonry.
An`ti*me*phit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against mephitic or deletplwious
gases. -- n. A remedy against mephitic
gases.
Dunglison.
An"ti*mplwe (#), n. [.
anti- + -mere.] (Biol.)
One of the two halves of bilaterally symmetrical animals;
one of any opposite symmetrical or homotypic parts in animals and
plants.
\'d8An`ti*me*tab"o*le (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) A figure in
which the same words or ideas are repeated in transposed
order.
\'d8An`ti*me*tath"e*sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. /.] (Rhet.) An
antithesis in which the members are repeated in inverse
order.
An*tim"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
like + / measure.] A modification of the quadrant,
for measuring small angles. [Obs.]
{ An`ti*mo*nar"chic (#),
An`ti*mo*nar"chic*al (#), } Opposed
to monarchial government.
Bp. Benson. Addison.
An`ti*mon"arch*ist (#), n. An
enemy to monarchial government.
An`ti*mo"nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound of antimonic acid with a base
or basic radical. [Written also
antimoniate.]
An`ti*mo"ni*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to antimony. -- n. (Med.)
A preparation or medicine containing antimony.
Antimonial powder, a consisting of one part
oxide of antimony and two parts phosphate of calcium; -- also
called James's powder.
An`ti*mo"ni*a`ted (#), a.
Combined or prepared with antimony; as,
antimoniated tartar.
An`ti*mon"ic (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;
-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has
its highest equivalence; as, antimonic
acid.
An`ti*mo"ni*ous (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, antimony;
-- said of those compounds of antimony in which this element has
an equivalence next lower than the highest; as,
antimonious acid.
An"ti*mo*nite` (#), n. 1.
(Chem.) A compound of antimonious acid and a base
or basic radical.
2. (Min.) Stibnite.
An`ti*mo"ni*u*ret`ed (#), a.
(Chem.) Combined with or containing antimony;
as, antimoniureted hydrogen.
[Written also antimoniuretted.]
An"ti*mo*ny (?; 112), n. [LL.
antimonium, of unknown origin.]
(Chem.) An elementary substance, resembling a
metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its
chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic
substances. Atomic weight, 120. Symbol, Sb.
gray ore of
antimony, or stibnite (the stibium of
the Romans, and the / of the Greeks, a sulphide of antimony,
from which most of the antimony of commerce is obtained.
Cervantite, senarmontite, and
valentinite are native oxides of antimony.
An`ti*na"tion*al (#), a.
Antagonistic to one's country or nation, or to a national
government.
An`ti*ne*phrit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting, or deemed of use in,
diseases of the kidneys. -- n. An
antinephritic remedy.
An`ti*no"mi*an (#), a. [See
Antimony.] Of or pertaining to the
Antinomians; opposed to the doctrine that the moral law is
obligatory.
An`ti*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One who maintains that, under the gospel dispensation, the
moral law is of no use or obligation, but that faith alone is
necessary to salvation. The sect of Antinomians originated with
John Agricola, in Germany, about the year 1535.
Mosheim.
An`ti*no"mi*an*ism (#), n. The
tenets or practice of Antinomians.
South.
An*tin"o*mist (#), n. An
Antinomian. [R.]
Bp. Sanderson.
An*tin"o*my (?; 277), n.; pl.
Antinomies (#). [L.
antinomia, Gr. /; / against + / law.]
1. Opposition of one law or rule to another law or
rule.
Different commentators have deduced from it the very opposite
doctrines. In some instances this apparent antinomy is
doubtful.
De Quincey.
2. An opposing law or rule of any kind.
As it were by his own antinomy, or
counterstatute.
Milton.
3. (Metaph.) A contradiction or
incompatibility of thought or language; -- in the Kantian
philosophy, such a contradiction as arises from the attempt to
apply to the ideas of the reason, relations or attributes which
are appropriate only to the facts or the concepts of
experience.
An`ti*o"chi*an (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to Antiochus, a contemporary with Cicero, and the
founder of a sect of philosophers.
2. Of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, in
Syria.
Antiochian epoch (Chron.), a method
of computing time, from the proclamation of liberty granted to
the city of Antioch, about the time of the battle of Pharsalia,
B.C. 48.
An`ti*o`don*tal"gic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious in curing toothache. --
n. A remedy for toothache.
An`ti*or*gas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to swell, as with lust.]
(Med.) Tending to allay venereal excitement or
desire; sedative.
An`ti*pa"pal (#), a. Opposed to
the pope or to popery.
Milton.
An`ti*par"al*lel (#), a.
Running in a contrary direction.
Hammond.
An`ti*par"al*lels (#), n. pl.
(Geom.) Straight lines or planes which make
angles in some respect opposite in character to those made by
parallel lines or planes.
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against paralysis. --
n. A medicine for paralysis.
An`ti*par`a*lyt"ic*al (#), a.
Antiparalytic.
{ An`ti*pa*thet"ic (#),
An`ti*pa*thet"ic*al (#), } a.
Having a natural contrariety, or constitutional aversion, to
a thing; characterized by antipathy; -- often followed by
to.
Fuller.
An`ti*path"ic (#), a. [NL.
antipathicus, Gr. / of opposite feelings.]
(Med.) Belonging to antipathy; opposite;
contrary; allopathic.
An*tip"a*thist (#), n. One who
has an antipathy. [R.]
\'bdAntipathist of light.\'b8
Coleridge.
An*tip"a*thize (#), v. i. To
feel or show antipathy. [R.]
An*tip"a*thous (#), a. Having a
natural contrariety; adverse; antipathetic.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
An*tip"a*thy (#), n.; pl.
Antipathies (#). [L.
antipathia, Gr. /; / against + / to suffer. Cf.
F. antipathie. See Pathos.] 1.
Contrariety or opposition in feeling; settled aversion or
dislike; repugnance; distaste.
Inveterate antipathies against particular nations,
and passionate attachments to others, are to be avoided.
Washington.
2. Natural contrariety; incompatibility; repugnancy of
qualities; as, oil and water have
antipathy.
A habit is generated of thinking that a natural
antipathy exists between hope and reason.
I. Taylor.
Any is opposed to sympathy. It
is followed by to, against, or
between; also sometimes by for.
Syn. -- Hatred; aversion; dislike; disgust; distaste;
enmity; ill will; repugnance; contrariety; opposition. See
Dislike.
An`ti*pep"tone (#),
n. (Physiol. Chem.) A product of
gastric and pancreatic digestion, differing from hemipeptone in
not being decomposed by the continued action of pancreatic
juice.
An`ti*pe`ri*od"ic (#), n.
(Med.) A remedy possessing the property of
preventing the return of periodic paroxysms, or exacerbations, of
disease, as in intermittent fevers.
An`ti*per`i*stal"tic (#), a.
(Med.) Opposed to, or checking motion; acting
upward; -- applied to an inverted action of the intestinal
tube.
\'d8An`ti*pe*ris"ta*sis (#), n.
[Gr. /; / against + / a standing around, fr. / to
stand around; / around + / to stand.] Opposition
by which the quality opposed asquires strength; resistance or
reaction roused by opposition or by the action of an opposite
principle or quality.
An`ti*per`i*stat"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to antiperistasis.
An`ti*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + petal.] (Bot.)
Standing before a petal, as a stamen.
An`ti*phar"mic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / poison.] (Med.)
Antidotal; alexipharmic.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tian (#), n. An
opposer of the theory of phlogiston.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic (#), a.
1. (Chem.) Opposed to the doctrine of
phlogiston.
2. (Med.) Counteracting
inflammation.
An`ti*phlo*gis"tic, n. (Med.)
Any medicine or diet which tends to check
inflammation.
Coxe.
An"ti*phon (#), n. [LL.
antiphona, fr. Gr. /. See Anthem.]
1. A musical response; alternate singing or
chanting. See Antiphony, and Antiphone.
2. A verse said before and after the psalms.
Shipley.
An*tiph"o*nal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to antiphony, or alternate singing; sung alternately
by a divided choir or opposite choirs. Wheatly.
-- An*tiph"o*nal*ly,
adv.
An*tiph"o*nal, n. A book of antiphons or
anthems.
An*tiph"o*na*ry (#), n. [LL.
antiphonarium. See Antiphoner.] A
book containing a collection of antiphons; the book in which the
antiphons of the breviary, with their musical notes, are
contained.
An"ti*phone (#), n.
(Mus.) The response which one side of the choir
makes to the other in a chant; alternate chanting or
signing.
An*tiph"o*ner (#), n. [F.
antiphonaire. See Antiphon.] A
book of antiphons.
Chaucer.
An`ti*phon"ic (#), a.
Antiphonal.
An*tiph"o*ny (#), n.; pl.
Antiphonies (#). [See
Antiphon.] 1. A musical response;
also, antiphonal chanting or signing.
2. An anthem or psalm sung alternately by a choir
or congregation divided into two parts. Also figuratively.
O! never more for me shall winds intone,
With all your tops, a vast antiphony.
R. Browning.
\'d8An*tiph"ra*sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to express by antithesis or negation.]
(Rhet.) The use of words in a sense opposite to
their proper meaning; as when a court of justice is called a
court of vengeance.
{ An`ti*phras"tic (#),
An`ti*phras"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to antiphrasis. --
An`ti*phras"tic*al*ly,
adv.
An`ti*phthis"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Relieving or curing phthisis, or
consumption. -- n. A medicine for
phthisis.
An`ti*phys"ic*al (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + physical.] Contrary to
nature; unnatural.
An`ti*phys"ic*al, a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. / to inflate.] (Med.)
Relieving flatulence; carminative.
An`ti*plas"tic (#), a. 1.
Diminishing plasticity.
2. (Med.) Preventing or checking the
process of healing, or granulation.
An`ti*po*dag"ric (#), a.
(Med.) Good against gout. --
n. A medicine for gout.
An*tip"o*dal (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to the antipodes; situated on the opposite side
of the globe.
2. Diametrically opposite. His antipodal
shadow.\'b8
Lowell.
An"ti*pode (#), n. One of the
antipodes; anything exactly opposite.
In tale or history your beggar is ever the just
antipode to your king.
Lamb.
antipode, is exceptional in
formation, but has been used by good writers. Its regular English
plural would be , the
last syllable rhyming with abodes, and this
pronunciation is sometimes heard. The plural form (originally a
Latin word without a singular) is in common use, and is
pronounced, after the English method of Latin,
.
An`ti*po"de*an (#), a.
Pertaining to the antipodes, or the opposite side of the
world; antipodal.
An*tip"o*des (#), n. [L. pl.,
fr. Gr. / with the feet opposite, pl. / /; / against +
/, /, foot.] 1. Those who live on the
side of the globe diametrically opposite.
2. The country of those who live on the opposite
side of the globe.
Latham.
3. Anything exactly opposite or contrary.
Can there be a greater contrariety unto Christ's judgment, a
more perfect antipodes to all that hath hitherto been
gospel?
Hammond.
An"ti*pole (#), n. The opposite
pole; anything diametrically opposed.
Geo. Eliot.
An"ti*pope (#), n. One who is
elected, or claims to be, pope in opposition to the pope
canonically chosen; esp. applied to those popes who resided at
Avignon during the Great Schism.
An`tip*sor"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Of use in curing the itch. --
n. An antipsoric remedy.
\'d8An`tip*to"sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /; / against + / a falling, a case, / to
fall.] (Gram.) The putting of one case for
another.
{ An`ti*pu`tre*fac"tive (#),
An`ti*pu*tres"cent (#), } a.
Counteracting, or preserving from, putrefaction;
antiseptic.
An`ti*py"ic (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + Gr. /, /, pus.] (Med.)
Checking or preventing suppuration. --
n. An antipyic medicine.
\'d8An`ti*py*re"sis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / against + / to be feverish, fr. /
fire.] (Med.) The condition or state of
being free from fever.
An`ti*py*ret"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious in preventing or allaying
fever. -- n. A
febrifuge.
An`ti*py"rine (#), n.
(Med.) An artificial alkaloid, believed to be
efficient in abating fever.
An`ti*py*rot"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against burns or pyrosis. --
n. Anything of use in preventing or
healing burns or pyrosis.
An`ti*qua"ri*an (#), a. [See
Antiquary]. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to
antiquity; as, antiquarian literature.
An`ti*qua"ri*an, n. 1. An
antiquary.
2. A drawing paper of large size. See under
Paper, n.
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ism (#), n.
Character of an antiquary; study or love of
antiquities.
Warburton.
An`ti*qua"ri*an*ize (#), v. i.
To act the part of an antiquary.
[Colloq.]
An"ti*qua*ry (#), a. [L.
antiquarius, fr. antiquus ancient. See
Antique.] Pertaining to antiquity.
[R.] \'bdInstructed by the antiquary
times.\'b8
Shak.
An"ti*qua*ry, n.; pl.
Antiquaries (#). One devoted to
the study of ancient times through their relics, as inscriptions,
monuments, remains of ancient habitations, statues, coins,
manuscripts, etc.; one who searches for and studies the relics of
antiquity.
An"ti*quate (#), v. t. [L.
antiquatus, p. p. of antiquare, fr.
antiquus ancient.] To make old, or
obsolete; to make antique; to make old in such a degree as to put
out of use; hence, to make void, or abrogate.
Christianity might reasonably introduce new laws, and
antiquate or abrogate old one.
Sir M. Hale.
An"ti*qua`ted (#), a. Grown
old. Hence: Bygone; obsolete; out of use; old-fashioned; as,
an antiquated law. \'bdAntiquated
words.\'b8
Dryden.
Old Janet, for so he understood his antiquated
attendant was denominated.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Ancient; old; antique; obsolete. See
Ancient.
An"ti*qua`ted*ness, n. Quality of being
antiquated.
An"ti*quate*ness (#), n.
Antiquatedness. [Obs.]
An`ti*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
antiquatio, fr. antiquare.] The
act of making antiquated, or the state of being antiquated.
Beaumont.
An*tique" (#), a. [F., fr. L.
antiquus old, ancient, equiv. to anticus,
from ante before. Cf. Antic.]
1. Old; ancient; of genuine antiquity; as, an
antique statue. In this sense it usually refers to
the flourishing ages of Greece and Rome.
For the antique world excess and pride did
hate.
Spenser.
<-- p. 66 -->
2. Old, as respects the present age, or a modern
period of time; of old fashion; antiquated; as, an
antique robe. \'bdAntique
words.\'b8
Spenser.
3. Made in imitation of antiquity; as, the
antique style of Thomson's \'bdCastle of
Indolence.\'b8
4. Odd; fantastic. [In this sense,
written antic.]
Syn. -- Ancient; antiquated; obsolete; antic; old-fashioned;
old. See Ancient.
An*tique" (#), n. [F. See
Antique, a. ] In general, anything
very old; but in a more limited sense, a relic or object of
ancient art; collectively, the antique, the remains of
ancient art, as busts, statues, paintings, and vases.
Misshapen monuments and maimed antiques.
Byron.
An*tique"ly, adv. In an antique
manner.
An*tique"ness, n. The quality of being
antique; an appearance of ancient origin and workmanship.
We may discover something venerable in the
antiqueness of the work.
Addison.
An"ti*quist (#), n. An
antiquary; a collector of antiques. [R.]
Pinkerton.
An*tiq`ui*ta"ri*an (#), n. An
admirer of antiquity. [Used by Milton in a disparaging
sense.] [Obs.]
An*tiq"ui*ty (#), n.; pl.
Antiquities (#). [L.
antiquitas, fr. antiquus: cf. F.
antiquit\'82. See Antique.] 1.
The quality of being ancient; ancientness; great age;
as, a statue of remarkable antiquity; a family of
great antiquity.
2. Old age. [Obs.]
It not your voice broken? . . . and every part about you
blasted with antiquity?
Shak.
3. Ancient times; former ages; times long since
past; as, Cicero was an eloquent orator of
antiquity.
4. The ancients; the people of ancient times.
That such pillars were raised by Seth all antiquity
has /vowed.
Sir W. Raleigh.
5. An old gentleman. [Obs.]
You are a shrewd antiquity, neighbor Clench.
B. Jonson.
6. A relic or monument of ancient times; as, a
coin, a statue, etc. ; an ancient institution. [In
this sense, usually in the plural.] \'bdHeathen
antiquities.\'b8
Bacon.
An`ti*ra*chit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against the rickets.
An`ti*rent"er (#), n. One
opposed to the payment of rent; esp. one of those who in 1840-47
resisted the collection of rents claimed by the patroons from the
settlers on certain manorial lands in the State of New
York. -- An`ti*rent"ism (#),
n.
An`ti*sab`ba*ta"ri*an (#), n.
(Eccl.) One of a sect which opposes the
observance of the Christian Sabbath.
An`ti*sac`er*do"tal (#), a.
Hostile to priests or the priesthood.
Waterland.
{ An*tis"cians (#),
\'d8An*tis"ci*i (#), } n. pl.
[L. antiscii, Gr. /, pl.; / against + /
shadow.] The inhabitants of the earth, living on
different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in
opposite directions.
The inhabitants of the north and south temperate zones are
always Antiscians.
Brande & C.
{ An`ti*sco*let"ic (#),
An`ti*scol"ic (#), } a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / a worm.]
(Med.) Anthelmintic.
An`ti*scor*bu"tic (#), a.
(Med.) Counteracting scurvy. --
n. A remedy for scurvy.
An`ti*scor*bu"tic*al (#), a.
(Med.) Antiscorbutic.
An`ti*scrip"tur*al (#), a.
Opposed to, or not in accordance with, the Holy
Scriptures.
An`ti*sep"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + sepal.] (Bot.)
Standing before a sepal, or calyx leaf.
{ An`ti*sep"tic (#),
An`ti*sep"tic*al (#), } a.
Counteracting or preventing putrefaction, or a putrescent
tendency in the system; antiputrefactive.
Antiseptic surgery, that system of surgical
practice which insists upon a systematic use of antiseptics in
the performance of operations and the dressing of
wounds.
An`ti*sep"tic, n. A substance which
prevents or retards putrefaction, or destroys, or protects from,
putrefactive organisms; as, salt, carbolic acid, alcohol,
cinchona.
An`ti*sep"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By means of antiseptics.
An`ti*slav"er*y (#), a. Opposed
to slavery. -- n. Opposition to
slavery.
An`ti*so"cial (#), a. Tending
to interrupt or destroy social intercourse; averse to society, or
hostile to its existence; as, antisocial
principles.
An`ti*so"cial*ist, n. One opposed to the
doctrines and practices of socialists or socialism.
An`ti*so"lar (#), a. Opposite
to the sun; -- said of the point in the heavens 180
An`ti*spas*mod"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Good against spasms. --
n. A medicine which prevents or allays
spasms or convulsions.
An"ti*spast (#), n. [L.
antispastus, Gr. /, fr. / to draw the contrary
way; / against + / to draw.] (Pros.) A
foot of four syllables, the first and fourth short, and the
second and third long (#).
An`ti*spas"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/. See Antispast.] (Med.)
(a) Believed to cause a revulsion of fluids or of
humors from one part to another. [Obs.]
(b) Counteracting spasms; antispasmodic. --
n. An antispastic agent.
An`ti*splen"e*tic (/; see Splenetic,
277), a. Good as a remedy against disease of
the spleen. -- n. An antisplenetic
medicine.
\'d8An*tis"tro*phe (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to turn to the opposite side; / against +
/ to turn. See Strophe.] 1. In
Greek choruses and dances, the returning of the chorus, exactly
answering to a previous strophe or movement from right
to left. Hence: The lines of this part of the choral song.
It was customary, on some occasions, to dance round the altars
whilst they sang the sacred hymns, which consisted of three
stanzas or parts; the first of which, called strophe, was sung in
turning from east to west; the other, named
antistrophe, in returning from west to east; then they
stood before the altar, and sang the epode, which was the last
part of the song.
Abp. Potter.
2. (Rhet.) (a) The repetition
of words in an inverse order; as, the master of the servant
and the servant of the master. (b) The
retort or turning of an adversary's plea against him.
An`ti*stroph"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to an antistrophe.
\'d8An*tis"tro*phon (#), n.
[Gr. / turned opposite ways.] (Rhet.)
An argument retorted on an opponent.
Milton.
An`ti*stru"mat"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Antistrumous. --
n. A medicine for scrofula.
An`ti*stru"mous (#), a.
(Med.) Good against scrofulous disorders.
Johnson. Wiseman.
An`ti*syph`i*lit"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Efficacious against syphilis. --
n. A medicine for syphilis.
An`ti*the"ism (#), n. The
doctrine of antitheists. --
An`ti*the*is"tic (#),
a.
An`ti*the"ist, n. A disbeliever in the
existence of God.
An*tith"e*sis (#), n.; pl.
Antitheses. (#) [L., fr. Gr. /,
fr. / to set against, to oppose; / against + / to set. See
Thesis.] 1. (Rhet.) An
opposition or contrast of words or sentiments occurring in the
same sentence; as, \'bdThe prodigal robs his heir; the
miser robs himself.\'b8 \'bdHe had covertly
shot at Cromwell; he how openly aimed at the
Queen.\'b8
2. The second of two clauses forming an
antithesis.
3. Opposition; contrast.
An"ti*thet (#), n. [L.
antitheton, fr. Gr. /, /, antithetic.]
An antithetic or contrasted statement.
Bacon.
{ An`ti*thet"ic (#),
An`ti*thet"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to antithesis, or
opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature
of, antithesis; contrasted.
An`ti*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. By way
antithesis.
{ An`ti*tox"in, An`ti*tox"ine }
(#), n. [Pref. anti- +
toxin.] A substance (sometimes the product
of a specific micro-organism and sometimes naturally present in
the blood or tissues of an animal), capable of producing immunity
from certain diseases, or of counteracting the poisonous effects
of pathogenic bacteria.
An"ti-trade` (#), n. A tropical
wind blowing steadily in a direction opposite to the trade
wind.
\'d8An*tit"ra*gus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /.] (Anat.) A prominence on the
lower posterior portion of the concha of the external ear,
opposite the tragus. See Ear.
\'d8An`ti*tro*chan"ter (#), n.
(Anat.) An articular surface on the ilium of
birds against which the great trochanter of the femur
plays.
{ An*tit"ro*pal (#),
An*tit"ro*pous (#), } a.
[Pref. anti- + Gr. / turn, / to turn.]
(Bot.) At the extremity most remote from the
hilum, as the embryo, or inverted with respect to the seed, as
the radicle.
Lindley.
An"ti*ty`pal (#), a.
Antitypical. [R.]
An"ti*type (#), n. [Gr. / of
corresponding form; / against + / type, figure. See
Type.] That of which the type pattern or
representation; that which is represented by the type or
symbol.
An`ti*typ"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an antitype; explaining the type. --
An`ti*typ"ic*al*ly,
adv.
An*tit"y*pous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Resisting blows; hard. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
An*tit"y*py (#), n. [Gr.
/.] Opposition or resistance of matter to
force. [R.]
Sir W. Hamilton.
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion (#), n.
Opposition to vaccination.
London Times.
An`ti*vac`ci*na"tion*ist, n. An
antivaccinist.
An`ti*vac"ci*nist, n. One opposed to
vaccination.
An`ti*va*ri"o*lous (#), a.
Preventing the contagion of smallpox.
An`ti*ve*ne"re*al (#), a. Good
against venereal poison; antisyphilitic.
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion (#), n.
Opposition to vivisection.
An`ti*viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n. One opposed
to vivisection
An`ti*zym"ic (#), a. Preventing
fermentation.
An`ti*zy*mot"ic (#), a.
(Med.) Preventing fermentation or
decomposition. -- n. An agent so
used.
Ant"ler (#), n. [OE.
auntelere, OF. antoillier,
andoiller, endouiller, fr. F.
andouiller, fr. an assumed LL. antocularis,
fr. L. ante before + oculus eye. See
Ocular.] (Zo\'94l.) The entire
horn, or any branch of the horn, of a cervine animal, as of a
stag.
Huge stags with sixteen antlers.
Macaulay.
brow
antler, and the branch next above, the bez
antler, or bay antler. The main stem is the
beam, and the branches are often called
tynes. Antlers are deciduous bony (not horny) growths,
and are covered with a periosteum while growing. See
Velvet.
Antler moth (Zo\'94l.), a
destructive European moth (Cerapteryx graminis), which
devastates grass lands.
Ant"lered (#), a. Furnished
with antlers.
The antlered stag.
Cowper.
\'d8Ant"li*a (#), n.; pl.
Antil\'91 (#). [L., a pump, Gr,
/ hold of a ship] (Zo\'94l.) The spiral
tubular proboscis of lepidopterous insects. See
Lepidoptera.
Ant"-li`on (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A neuropterous insect, the larva of
which makes in the sand a pitfall to capture ants, etc. The
common American species is Myrmeleon obsoletus, the
European is M. formicarius.
\'d8An*t\'d2"ci (#),
An*t\'d2"*cians (#), n. pl.
[NL. antoeci, fr. Gr. pl. /; / opposite + /
to live.] Those who live under the same meridian, but
on opposite parallels of latitude, north and south of the
equator.
\'d8An`to*no*ma"si*a (?; 277), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to name instead; / + / to
name, / name.] (Rhet.) The use of some
epithet or the name of some office, dignity, or the like, instead
of the proper name of the person; as when his majesty
is used for a king, or when, instead of Aristotle, we say,
the philosopher; or, conversely, the use of a proper
name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a
Solomon, or an eminent orator a
Cicero.
An`to*no*mas"tic (#), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, antonomasia. --
An`to*no*mas"tic*al*ly (#),
adv.
An*ton"o*ma*sy (#), n.
Antonomasia.
An"to*nym (#), n. [Gr. / a
word used in substitution for another; / + /, /, a
word.] A word of opposite meaning; a counterterm; --
used as a correlative of synonym.
[R.]
C. J. Smith.
Ant*or"bit*al (#), a. [Pref.
anti- + orbital.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or situated in, the region of the front of
the orbit. -- n. The antorbital
bone.
Ant`or*gas"tic (#), a. See
Antiorgastic.
Ant*o"zone (#), n. [Pref.
anti- + ozone.] (Chem.)
A compound formerly supposed to be modification of oxygen,
but now known to be hydrogen dioxide; -- so called because
apparently antagonistic to ozone, converting it into ordinary
oxygen.
An"tral (#), a. (Anat.)
Relating to an antrum.
An"tre (#), n. [F.
antre, L. antrum, fr. Gr. /.]
A cavern. [Obs.]
Shak.
An*trorse" (#), a. [From L.
ante + versun turned; apparently formed in imitation
of re/rorse.] (Bot.) Forward
or upward in direction.
Gray.
An`tro*vert" (#), v. t. To bend
forward. [R.]
Owen.
\'d8An"trum (#), n.; pl.
Antra (#). [L., fr. Gr. /.]
A cavern or cavity, esp. an anatomical cavity or
sinus.
Huxley.
\'d8An*trus"tion (#), n. [F.,
fr. LL. antrustio.] A vassal or voluntary
follower of Frankish princes in their enterprises.
Ant" thrush` (#). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) One of several species of tropical birds, of
the Old World, of the genus Pitta, somewhat resembling
the thrushes, and feeding chiefly on ants. (b)
See Ant bird, under Ant.
'd8A*nu"bis (#), n. [L.]
(Myth.) An Egyptian deity, the conductor of
departed spirits, represented by a human figure with the head of
a dog or fox.
\'d8A*nu"ra (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / a tail.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the orders of amphibians characterized by the absence
of a tail, as the frogs and toads. [Written also
anoura.]
A*nu"rous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a tail, as the frogs and
toads. [Also written anourous.]
An"u*ry (#), n. [Gr. / priv.
+ / urine.] (Med.) Nonsecretion or
defective secretion of urine; ischury.
\'d8A"nus (#), n. [L., prob.
for asnus: cf. Gr. / to sit, Skr.
\'bes.] (Anat.) The posterior
opening of the alimentary canal, through which the excrements are
expelled.
An"vil (#), n. [OE.
anvelt, anfelt, anefelt, AS.
anfilt, onfilt; of uncertain origin; cf.
OHG. anafalz, D. aanbeld.]
1. An iron block, usually with a steel face, upon
which metals are hammered and shaped.
2. Anything resembling an anvil in shape or
use. Specifically (Anat.), the incus. See
Incus.
To be on the anvil, to be in a state of
discussion, formation, or preparation, as when a scheme or
measure is forming, but not matured.
Swift.
An"vil, v. t. To form or shape on an
anvil; to hammer out; as, anviled armor.
Beau. & Fl.
Anx*i"e*tude (#), n. [L.
anxietudo.] The state of being anxious;
anxiety. [R.]
Anx*i"e*ty (#), n.; pl.
Anxieties (#). [L.
anxietas, fr. anxius: cf. F.
anxi\'82t\'82. See Anxious.]<-- p. 67
--> 1. Concern or solicitude respecting some thing
o//vent, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and
keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness.
2. Eager desire.
J. D. Forbes
3. (Med.) A state of restlessness and
agitation, often with general indisposition and a distressing
sense of oppression at the epigastrium.
Dunglison.
Syn. -- Care; solicitude; foreboding; uneasiness;
perplexity; disquietude; disquiet; trouble; apprehension;
restlessness. See Care.
Anx"ious (#), a. [L.
anxius, fr. angere to cause pain, choke;
akin to Gr. / to choke. See Anger.] 1.
Full of anxiety or disquietude; greatly concerned or
solicitous, esp. respecting future or unknown; being in painful
suspense; -- applied to persons; as, anxious for the
issue of a battle.
2. Accompanied with, or causing, anxiety; worrying;
-- applied to things; as, anxious labor.
The sweet of life, from which
God hath bid dwell far off all anxious cares.
Milton.
3. Earnestly desirous; as, anxious to
please.
He sneers alike at those who are anxious to
preserve and at those who are eager for reform.
Macaulay.
Anxious is followed by for,
about, concerning, etc., before the object of
solicitude.
Syn. -- Solicitous; careful; uneasy; unquiet; restless;
concerned; disturbed; watchful.
Anx"ious*ly, adv. In an anxious manner;
with painful uncertainty; solicitously.
Anx"ious*ness, n. The quality of being
anxious; great solicitude; anxiety.
A"ny (#), a. & pron. [OE.
\'91ni/, \'91ni, eni,
ani, oni, AS. \'d6nig, fr.
\'ben one. It is akin to OS. \'c7nig, OHG.
einic, G. einig, D. eenig. See
One.] 1. One indifferently, out of
an indefinite number; one indefinitely, whosoever or whatsoever
it may be.
Any is often used in denying or asserting
without limitation; as, this thing ought not be done at
any time; I ask any one to answer my
question.
No man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth
any man the Father, save the Son.
Matt. xi. 27.
2. Some, of whatever kind, quantity, or number; as,
are there any witnesses present? are there
any other houses like it? \'bdWho will show us
any good?\'b8
Ps. iv. 6.
It is often used, either in the singular or the plural, as
a pronoun, the person or thing being understood; anybody; anyone;
(pl.) any persons.
If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, . .
. and it shall be given him.
Jas. i. 5.
That if he found any of this way, whether they were
men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.
Acts ix. 2.
At any rate, In any case,
whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow.
A"ny, adv. To any extent; in any degree;
at all.
You are not to go loose any longer.
Shak.
Before you go any farther.
Steele.
A"ny*bod*y (#), n. 1.
Any one out of an indefinite number of persons; anyone; any
person.
His Majesty could not keep any secret from
anybody.
Macaulay.
2. A person of consideration or standing.
[Colloq.]
All the men belonged exclusively to the mechanical and
shopkeeping classes, and there was not a single banker or
anybody in the list.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
A"ny*how` (#), adv. In any way
or manner whatever; at any rate; in any event.
Anyhow, it must be acknowledged to be not a simple
selforiginated error.
J. H. Newman.
Anyhow, the languages of the two nations were
closely allied.
E. A. Freeman.
A"ny*one (#), n. One taken at
random rather than by selection; anybody. [Commonly written
as two words.]
A"ny*thing (#), n. 1.
Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; thing of
any kind; something or other; aught; as, I would not do it
for anything.
Did you ever know of anything so unlucky?
A. Trollope.
They do not know that anything is amiss with
them.
W. G. Sumner.
2. Expressing an indefinite comparison; -- with
as or like. [Colloq. or
Lowx]
I fear your girl will grow as proud as
anything.
Richardson.
Any thing, written as two words, is now
commonly used in contradistinction to any person or
anybody. Formerly it was also separated when used in
the wider sense. \'bdNecessity drove them to undertake any
thing and venture any thing.\'b8
De Foe.
Anything but, not at all or in any
respect. \'bdThe battle was a rare one, and the victory
anything but secure.\'b8 Hawthorne. --
Anything like, in any respect; at all; as, I
can not give anything like a fair sketch of his
trials.
A"ny*thing, adv. In any measure;
anywise; at all.
Mine old good will and hearty affection towards you is not . .
. anything at all quailed.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
A`ny*thing*a"ri*an (#), n. One
who holds to no particular creed or dogma.
{ A"ny*way (#), A"ny*ways
(#), } adv. Anywise; at all.
Tennyson. Southey.
A"ny*where (#), adv. In any
place.
Udall.
A"ny*whith`er (#), adv. To or
towards any place. [Archaic]
De Foe.
A"ny*wise (#), adv. In any wise
or way; at all. \'bdAnywise essential.\'b8
Burke.
A*o"ni*an (#), a. [From
Aonia, a part of B
Pertaining to Aonia, B
Aonian fount, the fountain of Aganippe, at the
foot of Mount Helicon, not far from Thebes, and sacred to the
Muses.
A"o*rist (#), n. [Gr. /
indefinite; / priv. + / to define, / boundary,
limit.] (Gram.) A tense in the Greek
language, which expresses an action as completed in past time,
but leaves it, in other respects, wholly indeterminate.
A`o*ris"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Indefinite; pertaining to the aorist
tense.
A*or"ta (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/, fr. / to lift, heave.] (Anat.) The
great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts
of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial
system.
aortic arches) which pass in pairs round
the \'d2sophagus and unite to form the systemic aorta. One or
more pairs of these arches persist in amphibia and reptiles, but
only one arch in birds and mammals, this being on the right side
in the former, and on the left in the latter.
<-- Illustration: heart and aorta -->
A*or"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the aorta.
\'d8A`or*ti"tis (#), n.
[Aorta + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the aorta.
\'d8A"ou*dad (#), n. [The
Moorish name.] (Zo\'94l.) An African
sheeplike quadruped (the Ammotragus tragelaphus)
having a long mane on the breast and fore legs. It is, perhaps,
the chamois of the Old Testament.
A*pace" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk,
in which a is the article. See Pace.]
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily.
His dewy locks did drop with brine apace.
Spenser.
A visible triumph of the gospel draw/ on
apace.
I. Taylor.
A*pa"ches (#), n. pl.; sing.
Apache (#). (Ethnol.) A group of
nomadic North American Indians including several tribes native of
Arizona, New Mexico, etc.
Ap`a*go"ge (#), n. [Gr. / a
leading away, fr. / to lead away; / from + / to
lead.] (Logic) An indirect argument which
proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the
contrary.
{ Ap`a*gog"ic (#), Ap`a*gog"ic*al
(#), } a. Proving indirectly, by
showing the absurdity, or impossibility of the contrary.
Bp. Berkeley.
A*paid" (#), a. Paid;
pleased. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*pair" (#), v. t. & i. To
impair or become impaired; to injure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap`a*la"chi*an, a. See
Appalachian.
Ap"an*age, n. Same as
Appanage.
A*pan"thro*py (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ from + / man.] An aversion to the company of
men; a love of solitude.
\'d8A"par (#), A"pa*ra
(#), n. [Native name
apara.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Mataco.
\'d8A`pa*re"jo (#), n.
[Sp.] A kind of pack saddle used in the American
military service and among the Spanish Americans. It is made of
leather stuffed with hay, moss, or the like.
\'d8Ap`a*rith"me*sis (?; 277), n.
[Gr. /, from / to count off or over.]
(Rhet.) Enumeration of parts or
particulars.
A*part" (#), adv. [F. \'85
part; (L. ad) + part part. See
Part.] 1. Separately, in regard to
space or company; in a state of separation as to place;
aside.
Others apart sat on a hill retired.
Milton.
The Lord hath set apart him that is godly for
himself.
Ps. iv. 3.
2. In a state of separation, of exclusion, or of
distinction, as to purpose, use, or character, or as a matter of
thought; separately; independently; as, consider the two
propositions apart.
3. Aside; away. \'bdWherefore lay
apart all filthiness and superfluity of
naughtiness.\'b8
Jas. i. 21.
Let Pleasure go, put Care apart.
Keble.
4. In two or more parts; asunder; to piece; as,
to take a piece of machinery apart.
A*part"ment (#), n. [F.
appartement; cf. It. appartamento, fr.
appartare to separate, set apart; all fr. L. ad +
pars, partis, part. See Apart.]
1. A room in a building; a division in a house,
separated from others by partitions.
Fielding.
2. A set or suite of rooms.
De Quincey.
3. A compartment. [Obs.]
Pope.
A*part"ness (#), n. The quality
of standing apart.
\'d8Ap*as"tron (#), n. [Gr. /
from + / star.] (Astron.) That point in
the orbit of a double star where the smaller star is farthest
from its primary.
Ap`a*thet"ic (#),
Ap`a*thet"ic*al (#) a.
[See Apathy.] Void of feeling; not
susceptible of deep emotion; passionless; indifferent.
Ap`a*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In an apathetic
manner.
Ap"a*thist (#), n. [Cf. F.
apathiste.] One who is destitute of
feeling.
Ap`a*this"tic*al (#), a.
Apathetic; une motional. [R.]
Ap"a*thy (#), n.; pl.
Apathies (#). [L.
apathia, Gr. /; / priv. + /, fr. /, /, to
suffer: cf. F. apathie. See Pathos.]
Want of feeling; privation of passion, emotion, or
excitement; dispassion; -- applied either to the body or the
mind. As applied to the mind, it is a calmness, indolence, or
state of indifference, incapable of being ruffled or roused to
active interest or exertion by pleasure, pain, or passion.
\'bdThe apathy of despair.\'b8
Macaulay.
A certain apathy or sluggishness in his nature
which led him . . . to leave events to take their own course.
Prescott.
According to the Stoics, apathy meant the
extinction of the passions by the ascendency of reason.
Fleming.
Syn. -- Insensibility; unfeelingness; indifference;
unconcern; stoicism; supineness; sluggishness.
Ap"a*tite (#), n. [Gr. /
deceit, fr. / to deceive; it having been often mistaken for
other minerals.] (Min.) Native phosphate of
lime, occurring usually in six-sided prisms, color often pale
green, transparent or translucent.
A`pau`m\'82" (#), n. See
Appaum/.
Ape (#), n. [AS.
apa; akin to D. aap, OHG. affo,
G. affe, Icel. api, Sw. apa,
Dan. abe, W. epa.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A quadrumanous mammal, esp. of the
family Simiad\'91, having teeth of the same number and
form as in man, having teeth of the same number and form as in
man, and possessing neither a tail nor cheek pouches. The name is
applied esp. to species of the genus Hylobates, and is
sometimes used as a general term for all Quadrumana. The higher
forms, the gorilla, chimpanzee, and ourang, are often called
anthropoid apes or man apes.
ape of the Old Testament was
prqobably the rhesus monkey of India, and allied forms.
2. One who imitates servilely (in allusion to the
manners of the ape); a mimic.
Byron.
3. A dupe. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ape, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Aped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Aping.] To mimic, as an ape imitates
human actions; to imitate or follow servilely or
irrationally. \'bdHow he apes his sire.\'b8
Addison.
The people of England will not ape the fashions
they have never tried.
Burke.
A*peak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + peak. Cf. F. \'85 pic
vertically.] (Naut.) In a vertical line.
The anchor in apeak, when the cable has been
sufficiently hove in to bring the ship over it, and the ship is
them said to be hove apeak. [Spelt also
apeek.]
Ape"hood (#), n. The state of
being an ape.
A*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + L. pellis skin.]
Destitute of skin.
Brande & C.
Ap"en*nine (#), a. [L.
Apenninus, fr. Celtic pen, or
ben, peak, mountain.] Of, pertaining to, or
designating, the Apennines, a chain of mountains extending
through Italy.
A*pep"sy (#), n. [NL.
apepsia, fr. Gr. /, fr. / uncooked, undigested;
/ priv. + / cooked, / to cook, digest.]
(Med.) Defective digestion, indigestion.
Coxe.
Ap"er (#), n. One who
apes.
\'d8A*pe"re*a (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The wild Guinea pig of
Brazil (Cavia aperea).
A*pe"ri*ent (#), a. [L.
aperiens, p. pr. of aperire to uncover,
open; ab + parire, parere, to bring forth,
produce. Cf. Cover, Overt.]
(Med.) Gently opening the bowels; laxative.
-- n. An aperient medicine or
food.
Arbuthnot.
A*per"i*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
ap\'82ritif, fr. L. aperire.]
Serving to open; aperient.
Harvey.
A*pert" (#), a. [OF.
apert, L. apertus, p. p. of
aperire. See Aperient, and cf. Pert,
a.] Open; ev/dent; undisguised.
[Archaic]
Fotherby.
A*pert", adv. Openly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*per"tion (#), n. [L.
apertio.] The act of opening; an opening;
an aperture. [Archaic]
Wiseman.
A*pert"ly, adv. Openly; clearly.
[Archaic]
A*pert"ness, n. Openness;
frankness. [Archaic]
Ap"er*ture (?; 135), n. [L.
apertura, fr. aperire. See
Aperient.] 1. The act of
opening. [Obs.]
2. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or
chasm; a passage perforated; a hole; as, an aperture
in a wall.
An aperture between the mountains.
Gilpin.
The back aperture of the nostrils.
Owen.
3. (Opt.) The diameter of the exposed
part of the object glass of a telescope or other optical
instrument; as, a telescope of four-inch
aperture.
aperture of microscopes is often
expressed in degrees, called also the angular
aperture, which signifies the angular breadth of the pencil
of light which the instrument transmits from the object or point
viewed; as, a microscope of 100aperture.
Ap"er*y (#), n.; pl.
Aperies. 1. A place where apes are
kept. [R.]
Kingsley.
2. The practice of aping; an apish action.
Coleridge.
<-- p. 68 -->
A*pet"al*ous (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + petal.] (Bot.)
Having no petals, or flower leaves. [See Illust.
under Anther].
A*pet"al*ous*ness, n. The state of being
apetalous.
A"pex (#), n.; pl. E.
Apexes (#); L. Apices
(#). [L.] 1. The tip,
top, point, or angular summit of anything; as, the
apex of a mountain, spire, or cone; the apex,
or tip, of a leaf.
2. (Mining) The end or edge of a vein
nearest the surface. [U.S.]
Apex of the earth's motion (Astron.),
that point of the heavens toward which the earth is moving in
its orbit.
\'d8A*ph\'91r"e*sis (?; 277), n.
[L.] Same as Apheresis.
\'d8A*pha"ki*a (#), n. [NL.;
Gr. / priv. + / seed of a lentil.] (Med.)
An anomalous state of refraction caused by the absence of
the crystalline lens, as after operations for cataract. The
remedy is the use of powerful convex lenses.
Dunglison.
A*pha"ki*al (#), a.
(Med.) Pertaining to aphakia; as,
aphakial eyes.
\'d8Aph`a*nip"te*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / invisible (/ priv. + / to appear) +
/ a wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of wingless
insects, of which the flea in the type. See Flea.
Aph`a*nip"ter*ous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Aphaniptera.
Aph"a*nite (#), n. [Gr. /
invisible; / priv. + / to appear.] (Min.)
A very compact, dark-colored /ock, consisting of
hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in
perceptible grains.
Aph`a*nit"ic (#), a.
(Min.) Resembling aphanite; having a very
fine-grained structure.
{ \'d8A*pha"si*a (#), Aph"a*sy
(#), } n. [NL. aphasia,
Gr. /, fr. / not spoken; / priv. + / to speak: cf. F.
aphasie.] (Med.) Loss of the
power of speech, or of the appropriate use of words, the vocal
organs remaining intact, and the intelligence being preserved. It
is dependent on injury or disease of the brain.
A*pha"sic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or affected by, aphasia; speechless.
A*phel"ion (?; 277), n.; pl.
Aphelia (#). [Gr. / + /
sun.] (Astron.) That point of a planet's or
comet's orbit which is most distant from the sun, the opposite
point being the perihelion.
A*phe`li*o*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ + / sun + / belonging to a turning.] Turning
away from the sun; -- said of leaves, etc.
Darwin.
A*phe`li*ot"ro*pism (#), n. The
habit of bending from the sunlight; -- said of certain
plants.
\'d8A*phe"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / voice.] (Med.) Loss
of the power of speaking, while retaining the power of writing;
-- a disorder of cerebral origin.
A*pher"e*sis (?; 277), n. [L.
aphaeresis, Gr. /, fr. / to take away; / + /
to take.] 1. (Gram.) The dropping
of a letter or syllable from the beginning of a word; e.
g., cute for acute.
2. (Surg.) An operation by which any
part is separated from the rest. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
\'d8Aph"e*sis (#), n. [Gr. /
a letting go; / + / to let go.] The loss of a
short unaccented vowel at the beginning of a word; -- the result
of a phonetic process; as, squire for
esquire.
New Eng. Dict.
A*phet"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
letting go, fr. / to let go.] Shortened by dropping
a letter or a syllable from the beginning of a word; as, an
aphetic word or form. --
A*phet"ic*al*ly, adv.
New Eng. Dict.
Aph"e*tism (#), n. An aphetized
form of a word.
New Eng. Dict.
Aph"e*tize (#), v. t. To
shorten by aphesis.
These words . . . have been aphetized.
New Eng. Dict.
A"phid (#), n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the genus Aphis; an aphidian.
Aph"i*des (#), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) See Aphis.
A*phid"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family
Aphid\'91. -- n. One of
the aphides; an aphid.
Aph`i*div"o*rous (#). [Aphis +
L. vorare to devour.] (Zo\'94l.)
Devouring aphides; aphidophagous.
Aph`i*doph"a*gous (#), a.
[Aphis + Gr. / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Feeding upon aphides, or plant lice,
as do beetles of the family Coccinellid\'91.
Aph`i*lan"thro*py (#), n. [Gr.
/ not loving man; / priv. + / to love + / man.]
Want of love to mankind; -- the opposite of
philanthropy.
Coxe.
\'d8A"phis (#), n.; pl.
Aphides (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects belonging to the
order Hemiptera and family Aphid\'91, including
numerous species known as plant lice and green flies.
Aphid\'91 excrete honeydew from two tubes near the end
of the body.
A"phis li"on (#). (Zo\'94l.)
The larva of the lacewinged flies (Chrysopa),
which feeds voraciously upon aphids. The name is also applied to
the larv\'91 of the ladybugs (Coccinella).
Aph`lo*gis"*tic (#), a. [Gr.
/ not inflammable; / priv. + / set on fire. See
Phlogiston.] Flameless; as, an
aphlogistic lamp, in which a coil of wire is kept in a
state of continued ignition by alcohol, without flame.
{ \'d8A*pho"ni*a (#), Aph"o*ny
(#), } n. [NL. aphonia,
Gr. /, fr. / voiceless; / priv. + / voice: cf. F.
aphonie.] (Med.) Loss of voice
or vocal utterance.
{ A*phon"ic (#), Aph"o*nous
(#), } a. Without voice;
voiceless; nonvocal.
Aph"o*rism (#), n. [F.
aphorisme, fr. Gr. / definition, a short, pithy
sentence, fr. / to mark off by boundaries, to define; / from
+ / to separate, part. See Horizon.] A
comprehensive maxim or principle expressed in a few words; a
sharply defined sentence relating to abstract truth rather than
to practical matters.
The first aphorism of Hippocrates is, \'bdLife is
short, and the art is long.\'b8
Fleming.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; adage; proverb; apothegm; saying; saw;
truism; dictum. See Axiom.
{ Aph`o*ris*mat"ic (#),
Aph`o*ris"mic (#), } a.
Pertaining to aphorisms, or having the form of an
aphorism.
Aph`o*ris"mer (#) n. A dealer
in aphorisms. [Used in derogation or
contempt.]
Milton.
Aph"o*rist, n. A writer or utterer of
aphorisms.
{ Aph`o*ris"tic (#),
Aph`o*ris"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] In the form of, or of the nature of,
an aphorism; in the form of short, unconnected sentences; as,
an aphoristic style.
The method of the book is aphoristic.
De Quincey.
Aph`o*ris"tic*al*ly, adv. In the form or
manner of aphorisms; pithily.
Aph"o*rize (#), v. i. To make
aphorisms.
Aph"rite (#), n. (Min.)
See under Calcite.
{ Aph`ro*dis"i*ac (#),
Aph`ro*di*si"a*cal (#), } a.
[Gr. / pertaining to sensual love, fr. /. See
Aphrodite.] Exciting venereal desire;
provocative to venery.
Aph`ro*dis"i*ac, n. That which (as a
drug, or some kinds of food) excites to venery.
Aph`ro*dis"i*an (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to Aphrodite or Venus.
\'bdAphrodisian dames\'b8 [that is, courtesans].
C. Reade.
\'d8Aph`ro*di"te (#), n. [Gr.
/.] 1. (Classic Myth.) The Greek
goddess of love, corresponding to the Venus of the Romans.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large marine annelid,
covered with long, lustrous, golden, hairlike set\'91; the sea
mouse.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful butterfly
(Argunnis Aphrodite) of the United States.
Aph`ro*dit"ic (#), a.
Venereal. [R.]
Dunglison.
\'d8Aph"tha (#), n. [Sing. of
Aphth\'91.] (Med.) (a)
One of the whitish specks called aphth\'91.
(b) The disease, also called thrush.
\'d8Aph"th\'91 (#), n. pl. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (mostly in pl. /, Hipp.) an eruption, thrush, fr.
/ to set on fire, inflame.] (Med.)
Roundish pearl-colored specks or flakes in the mouth, on the
lips, etc., terminating in white sloughs. They are commonly
characteristic of thrush.
Aph"thoid, a. [Aphtha +
-oid.] Of the nature of aphth\'91;
resembling thrush.
Aph"thong (?; 277), n. [Gr. /
silent; / priv. + / voice, sound, fr. / to sound.]
A letter, or a combination of letters, employed in spelling
a word, but in the pronunciation having no sound. --
Aph*thon"gal (#),
a.
Aph"thous (#) a. [Cf. F.
aphtheux.] Pertaining to, or caused by,
aphth\'91; characterized by apht\'91; as, aphthous
ulcers; aphthous fever.
Aph"yl*lous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / leaf.] (Bot.) Destitute of
leaves, as the broom rape, certain euphorbiaceous plants,
etc.
A`pi*a"ceous (#), a.
(Bot.) Umbelliferous.
A"pi*an (#), a. Belonging to
bees.
A`pi*a"ri*an (#), a. Of or
relating to bees.
A"pi*a*rist (#), n. One who
keeps an apiary.
A"pi*a*ry (#), n. [L.
apiarium, fr. apis bee.] A place
where bees are kept; a stand or shed for bees; a beehouse.
Ap"ic*al (#), a. [L.
apex, apicis, tip or summit.] At
or belonging to an apex, tip, or summit.
Gray.
\'d8Ap"i*ces (#), n. pl. See
Apex.
A*pi"cian (#), a. [L.
Apicianus.] Belonging to Apicius, a
notorious Roman epicure; hence applied to whatever is peculiarly
refined or dainty and expensive in cookery.
H. Rogers.
A*pic"u*lar, a. [NL.
apiculus, dim. of L. apex,
apicis.] Situated at, or near, the apex;
apical.
{ A*pic"u*late (#),
A*pic"u*la`ted (#), } a.
[See Apicular.] (Bot.)
Terminated abruptly by a small, distinct point, as a
leaf.
Ap"i*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
apis bee + E. culture.] Rearing of bees for
their honey and wax.
A*piece" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + piece.] Each by itself; by
the single one; to each; as the share of each; as, these
melons cost a shilling apiece. \'bdFined . .
. a thousand pounds apiece.\'b8
Hume.
A*pie"ces (#), adv. In pieces
or to pieces. [Obs.] \'bdBeing torn
apieces.\'b8
Shak.
A*pik"ed (#), a. Trimmed.
[Obs.]
Full fresh and new here gear apiked was.
Chaucer.
A"pi*ol (#), n. [L.
apium parsley + -ol.]
(Med.) An oily liquid derived from parsley.
A`pi*ol"o*gist (#), n. [L.
apis bee + -logist (see
-logy).] A student of bees.
[R.]
Emerson.
\'d8A"pis (#), n. [L.,
bee.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of insects of the
order Hymenoptera, including the common honeybee (Apis
mellifica) and other related species. See
Honeybee.
Ap"ish (#), a. Having the
qualities of an ape; prone to imitate in a servile manner. Hence:
Apelike; fantastically silly; foppish; affected; trifling.
The apish gallantry of a fantastic boy.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"ish*ly, adv. In an apish manner; with
servile imitation; foppishly.
Ap"ish*ness, n. The quality of being
apish; mimicry; foppery.
A*pit"pat, adv. [Pref. a- +
pitpat.] With quick beating or palpitation;
pitapat.
Congreve.
Ap`la*cen"tal, a. [Pref. a- +
placental.] Belonging to the Aplacentata;
without placenta.
\'d8Ap`la*cen*ta"ta, n. pl. [Pref.
a- not + placenta.]
(Zo\'94l.) Mammals which have no placenta.
\'d8Ap`la*coph"o*ra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / a flat cake + / to
bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Amphineura
in which the body is naked or covered with slender spines or
set\'91, but is without shelly plates.
Ap`la*nat"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / disposed to wander, wandering, / to wander.]
(Opt.) Having two or more parts of different
curvatures, so combined as to remove spherical aberration; --
said of a lens.
Aplanatic focus of a lens (Opt.),
the point or focus from which rays diverging pass the lens
without spherical aberration. In certain forms of lenses there
are two such foci; and it is by taking advantage of this fact
that the best aplanatic object glasses of microscopes are
constructed.
A*plan"a*tism (#), n. Freedom
from spherical aberration.
A*plas"tic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + plastic.] Not plastic
or easily molded.
\'d8A`plomb" (#), n. [F., lit.
perpendicularity; / to + plomb lead. See
Plumb.] Assurance of manner or of action;
self-possession.
A*plot"o*my (#), n. [Gr. /
simple + / a cutting.] (Surg.) Simple
incision.
Dunglison.
\'d8A*plus"tre (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Rom. Antiq.) An ornamental
appendage of wood at the ship's stern, usually spreading like a
fan and curved like a bird's feather.
Audsley.
\'d8A*plys"i*a (#), n. [Gr. /
a dirty sponge, fr. / unwashed; / priv. + / to wash.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine mollusks of the
order Tectibranchiata; the sea hare. Some of the
species when disturbed throw out a deep purple liquor, which
colors the water to some distance. See Illust. in
Appendix.
\'d8Ap*neu"mo*na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + /, /, a lung.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of holothurians in which the
internal respiratory organs are wanting; -- called also
Apoda or Apodes.
\'d8Ap*n/"a (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / priv. + /, /, breath, / to breathe, blow.]
(Med.) Partial privation or suspension of breath;
suffocation.
Ap"o (#). [Gr. /. See
Ab-.] A prefix from a Greek preposition. It
usually signifies from, away from,
off, or asunder, separate;
as, in apocope (a cutting off),
apostate, apostle (one sent away),
apocarpous.
A*poc"a*lypse (#), n. [L.
apocalypsis, Gr. /, fr. / to uncover, to disclose;
/ from + / to cover, conceal: cf. F.
apocalypse.] 1. The revelation
delivered to St. John, in the isle of Patmos, near the close of
the first century, forming the last book of the New
Testament.
2. Anything viewed as a revelation; as
disclosure.
The new apocalypse of Nature.
Carlyle.
{ A*poc`a*lyp"tic (#),
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to a revelation, or,
specifically, to the Revelation of St. John; containing, or of
the nature of, a prophetic revelation.
Apocolyptic number, the number 666, mentioned
in Rev. xiii. 18. It has been variously
interpreted.
<-- p. 69 -->
A*poc`a*lyp"tic (#),
A*poc`a*lyp"tist, n. The writer of
the Apocalypse.
A*poc`a*lyp"tic*al*ly (#), adv.
By revelation; in an apocalyptic manner.
Ap`o*car"pous, a. [Pref. apo-
+ Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.) Either entirely of
partially separate, as the carpels of a compound pistil; --
opposed to syncarpous.
Lindley.
A*poc"o*pate (#), v. t. [LL.
apocopatus, p. p. of apocopare to cut off,
fr. L. apocore. See Apocope.]
(Gram.) To cut off or drop; as, to
apocopate a word, or the last letter, syllable, or part
of a word.
{ A*poc"o*pate (#),
A*poc"o*pa`ted (#), } a.
Shortened by apocope; as, an apocopate
form.
A*poc`o*pa"tion (#), n.
Shortening by apocope; the state of being apocopated.
\'d8A*poc"o*pe, n. [L., fr. Gr. / a
cutting off, fr. / to cut off; / from + / to cut.]
1. The cutting off, or omission, of the last
letter, syllable, or part of a word.
2. (Med.) A cutting off;
abscission.
{ Ap`o*cris"i*a*ry (#),
\'d8Ap`o*cris`i*a"ri*us (#), }
n. [L. apocrisiarius,
apocrisarius, fr. Gr. / answer, fr. / to answer;
/ from + / to separate.] (Eccl.) A
delegate or deputy; especially, the pope's nuncio or legate at
Constantinople.
Ap`o*crus"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
able to drive off, fr. / to drive off.] (Med.)
Astringent and repellent. -- n.
An apocrustic medicine.
A*poc"ry*pha (#), n. pl., but often
used as sing. with pl. Apocryphas
(#). [L. apocryphus apocryphal,
Gr. / hidden, spurious, fr. / to hide; / from + / to
hide.] 1. Something, as a writing, that is of
doubtful authorship or authority; -- formerly used also
adjectively. [Obs.]
Locke.
2. Specif.: Certain writings which are received by
some Christians as an authentic part of the Holy Scriptures, but
are rejected by others.
Apocrypha, as not having dogmatic authority, but
being profitable for instruction. The Apocrypha is now commonly
/mitted from the King James's Bible.
A*poc"ry*phal (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to the Apocrypha.
2. Not canonical. Hence: Of doubtful authority;
equivocal; mythic; fictitious; spurious; false.
The passages . . . are, however, in part from
apocryphal or fictitious works.
Sir G. C. Lewis.
A*poc"ry*phal*ist, n. One who believes
in, or defends, the Apocrypha. [R.]
A*poc"ry*phal*ly, adv. In an apocryphal
manner; mythically; not indisputably.
A*poc"ry*phal*ness, n. The quality or
state of being apocryphal; doubtfulness of credit or
genuineness.
A*poc`y*na"ceous (#),
Ap`o*cyn"e*ous (#), a.
[Gr. / dogbane; / from + / dog.]
(Bot.) Belonging to, or resembling, a family of
plants, of which the dogbane (Apocynum) is the
type.
A*poc"y*nin (#), n. [From
Apocynum, the generic name of dogbane.]
(Chem.) A bitter principle obtained from the
dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum).
{ Ap"od (#), Ap"o*dal
(#), } a. [See Apod,
n.] 1. Without feet;
footless.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Destitute of the ventral
fin, as the eels.
{ Ap"od (#), Ap"ode (#),
} n.; pl. Apods (#) or
Apodes (#). [Gr. /, /,
footless; / priv. + /, /, foot.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of certain animals that have no
feet or footlike organs; esp. one of certain fabulous birds which
were said to have no feet.
Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as
these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the East
Indies.
\'d8Ap"o*da (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, /. See Apod, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A group of cirripeds,
destitute of footlike organs. (b) An order of
Amphibia without feet. See Ophiomorpha.
(c) A group of worms without appendages, as the
leech.
Ap"o*dan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Apodal.
{ Ap"o*deic"tic (#), Ap`o*dic"tic
(#), Ap`o*deic"tic*al (#),
Ap`o*dic"tic*al (#), } a.
[L. apodicticus, Gr. /, fr. / to point out,
to show by argument; / from + / to show.]
Self-evident; intuitively true; evident beyond
contradiction.
Brougham. Sir Wm. Hamilton.
Ap`o*deic"tic*al*ly,
Ap`o*dic"tic*al*ly, adv. So as to
be evident beyond contradiction.
Ap"o*deme (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / body.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the processes of the shell which project inwards and
unite with one another, in the thorax of many Crustacea.
\'d8Ap"o*des (#), n. pl. [NL.,
masc. pl. See Apoda.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An order of fishes without ventral fins,
including the eels. (b) A group of
holothurians destitute of suckers. See Apneumona.
Ap`o*dic"tic (#), a. Same as
Apodeictic.
\'d8Ap`o*dix"is (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. /.] Full demonstration.
\'d8A*pod"o*sis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / to give back; / from, back again + / to
give.] (Gram.) The consequent clause or
conclusion in a conditional sentence, expressing the
result, and thus distinguished from the
protasis or clause which expresses a
condition. Thus, in the sentence, \'bdThough he slay
me, yet will I trust in him,\'b8 the former clause is the
protasis, and the latter the
apodosis.
protasis and apodosis to the introductory
clause and the concluding clause, even when the sentence is not
conditional.
Ap"o*dous (#)(#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Apodal; apod.
\'d8A*pod`y*te"ri*um (#), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, fr. / to strip one's self.]
(Anc. Arch.) The apartment at the entrance of the
baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing
room.
Ap`o*ga"ic (#), a. [Gr. / far
from the earth.] Apogean.
Ap`o*gam"ic (#), a. Relating to
apogamy.
A*pog"a*my (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / marriage.] (Bot.)
The formation of a bud in place of a fertilized ovule or
o\'94spore.
De Bary.
Ap`o*ge"al (#), a.
(Astron.) Apogean.
Ap`o*ge"an (#), a. Connected
with the apogee; as, apogean (neap) tides, which
occur when the moon has passed her apogee.
Ap"o*gee (#), n. [Gr. / from
the earth; / from + /, /, earth: cf. F.
apog\'82e.] 1. (Astron.)
That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest
distance from the earth.
2. Fig.: The farthest or highest point;
culmination.
Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic (#), a.
[Pref. apo- + Gr. / earth + / turning.]
(Bot.) Bending away from the ground; -- said of
leaves, etc.
Darwin.
Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism (#), n. The
apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts.
Ap"o*graph (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ from + / to write: cf. F. apographe.]
A copy or transcript.
Blount.
Ap`o*hy"al (#), a. [Pref.
apo- + the Gr. letter Y.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to a portion of the horn of the hyoid
bone.
A*poise" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + poise.] Balanced.
A*po"lar (#), a. [Pref.
a- + polar.] (Biol.)
Having no radiating processes; -- applied particularly to
certain nerve cells.
Ap`o*laus"tic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to enjoy.] Devoted to enjoyment.
A*pol`li*na"ri*an (#), a. [L.
Apollinaris, fr. Apollo.] (Rom.
Antiq.) In honor of Apollo; as, the
Apollinarian games.
A*pol`li*na"ri*an, n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea
in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of
Christ.
A*pol`li*na"ris wa"ter (#). An
effervescing alkaline mineral water used as a table beverage. It
is obtained from a spring in Apollinarisburg, near Bonn.
A*pol"lo (#), n. [L.
Apollo, -linis, Gr. /.]
(Classic Myth.) A deity among the Greeks and
Romans. He was the god of light and day (the \'bdsun god\'b8), of
archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc., and was
represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; -- called
also Ph\'82bus.
The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of
Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome,
esteemed of the noblest representations of the human
frame.
Ap`ol*lo"ni*an (#),
Ap`ol*lon"ic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, Apollo.
A*pol"ly*on (#), n. [Gr. /
destroying, fr. /, /, to destroy utterly; / from, entirely
+ / to destroy.] The Destroyer; -- a name used
(Rev. ix. 11) for the angel of the bottomless pit,
answering to the Hebrew Abaddon.
A*pol"o*ger (#), n. A teller of
apologues. [Obs.]
{ A*pol`o*get"ic (#),
A*pol`o*get"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /, fr. / to speak in defense of; / from + /
speech, / to say, to speak. See Logic.]
Defending by words or arguments; said or written in defense,
or by way of apology; regretfully excusing; as, an
apologetic essay. \'bdTo speak in a subdued
and apologetic tone.\'b8
Macaulay.
A*pol`o*get"ic*al*ly, adv. By way of
apology.
A*pol`o*get"ics (#), n. That
branch of theology which defends the Holy Scriptures, and sets
forth the evidence of their divine authority.
A*pol"o*gist (#), n. [Cf. F.
apologiste.] One who makes an apology; one
who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an
institution; especially, one who argues in defense of
Christianity.
A*pol"o*gize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Apologized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apologizing.] [Cf. F.
apologiser.] 1. To make an apology
or defense.
Dr. H. More.
2. To make an apology or excuse; to make
acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of
regret for it, by way of amends; -- with for;
as, my correspondent apologized for not
answering my letter.
To apologize for his insolent language.
Froude.
A*pol"o*gize, v. t. To defend.
[Obs.]
The Christians . . . were apologized by Plinie.
Dr. G. Benson.
A*pol"o*gi`zer (#), n. One who
makes an apology; an apologist.
Ap"o*logue (#), n. [L.
apologous, Gr. /; / from + / speech, / to
speak: cf. F. apologue.] A story or
relation of fictitious events, intended to convey some moral
truth; a moral fable.
apologue differs from a
parable in this;: the parable is drawn from events
which take place among mankind, and therefore requires
probability in the narrative; the apologue is founded
on supposed actions of brutes or inanimate things, and therefore
is not limited by strict rules of probability. \'92sop's fables
are good examples of apologues.
A*pol"o*gy (#), n.;
pl. Apologies . [L. apologia, Gr.
/; / from + /: cf. F. apologie. See
Apologetic.] 1. Something said or
written in defense or justification of what appears to others
wrong, or of what may be liable to disapprobation; justification;
as, Tertullian's Apology for
Christianity.
It is not my intention to make an apology for my
poem; some will think it needs no excuse, and others will receive
none.
Dryden.
2. An acknowledgment intended as an atonement for
some improper or injurious remark or act; an admission to another
of a wrong or discourtesy done him, accompanied by an expression
of regret.
3. Anything provided as a substitute; a
makeshift.
He goes to work devising apologies for window
curtains.
Dickens.
Syn. -- Excuse. An
apology, in the original sense of the word, was a
pleading off from some charge or imputation, by
explaining and defending one's principles or conduct. It
therefore amounted to a vindication. One who offers an
apology, admits himself to have been, at least
apparently, in the wrong, but brings forward some palliating
circumstance, or tenders a frank acknowledgment, by way of
reparation. We make an apology for some breach of
propriety or decorum (like rude expressions, unbecoming conduct,
etc.), or some deficiency in what might be reasonably
expected. We offer an excuse when we have been guilty
of some breach or neglect of duty; and we do it by way of
extenuating our fault, and with a view to be forgiven. When an
excuse has been accepted, an apology may
still, in some cases, be necessary or appropriate. \'bdAn
excuse is not grounded on the claim of innocence, but
is rather an appeal for favor resting on some collateral
circumstance. An apology mostly respects the conduct
of individuals toward each other as equals; it is a voluntary act
produced by feelings of decorum, or a desire for the good opinion
of others.\'b8
Crabb.
A*pol"o*gy (#), v. i. To offer
an apology. [Obs.]
For which he can not well apology.
J. Webster.
Ap`o*me*com"e*ter, n. An instrument for
measuring the height of objects.
Knight.
Ap`o*me*com"e*try, n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / length + -metry.]
The art of measuring the distance of objects afar off.
[Obs. or R.]
{ \'d8Ap`o*mor"phi*a (#),
Ap`o*mor"phine (#), } n.
[Pref. apo- + morphia,
morphine.] (Chem.) A crystalline
alkaloid obtained from morphia. It is a powerful emetic.
\'d8Ap`o*neu*ro"sis (#), n.;
pl. Aponeuroses (#). [Gr.
/, fr. / to pass into a tendon; / from + / to strain the
sinews, / sinew, tendon, nerve.] (Anat.)
Any one of the thicker and denser of the deep fasci\'91
which cover, invest, and the terminations and attachments of,
many muscles. They often differ from tendons only in being flat
and thin. See Fascia.
Ap`o*neu*rot"ic (#), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to an aponeurosis.
Ap`o*neu*rot"o*my (#), n.
[Aponeurosis + Gr. / a cutting.]
Dissection of aponeuroses.
Ap`o*pemp"tic (#), a. [Gr. /,
fr. / to send off or away; / from + / to send.]
Sung or addressed to one departing; valedictory; as,
apoplectic songs or hymns.
\'d8A*poph"a*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ denial, fr. / to speak out, to deny.]
(Rhet.) A figure by which a speaker formally
declines to take notice of a favorable point, but in such a
manner as to produce the effect desired. [For example, see Mark
Antony's oration. Shak., Julius C\'91sar, iii. 2.]
Ap`o*phleg*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / from + / full of phlegm. See
Phlegmatic.] (Med.) Designed to
facilitate discharges of phlegm or mucus from mouth or
nostrils. -- n. An apohlegmatic
medicine.
Ap`o*phleg"ma*tism, n. [Gr. /,
Galen.] 1. (Med.) The action of
apophlegmatics.
2. An apophlegmatic. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ap`o*phleg*mat"i*zant (#), n.
(Med.) An apophlegmatic.
[Obs.]
Ap`oph*thegm (#), n. See
Apothegm.
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic (#),
Ap`oph*theg*mat"ic*al (#), a.
Same as Apothegmatic.
\'d8A*poph"y*ge (#), n. [Gr.
/ escape, in arch. the curve with which the shaft escapes into
its base or capital, fr. / to //ee away; / from + / to
flee: cf. F. apophyge.] (Arch.)
The small hollow curvature given to the top or bottom of the
shaft of a column where it expands to meet the edge of the
fillet; -- called also the scape.
Parker.
A*poph"yl*lite (#), n. [Pref.
apo- + Gr. / leaf; so called from its foliated
structure or easy cleavage.] (Min.) A
mineral relating to the zeolites, usually occurring in square
prisms or octahedrons with pearly luster on the cleavage surface.
It is a hydrous silicate of calcium and potassium.
\'d8A*poph"y*sis (#), n.;
pl. -ses. [NL., fr. Gr. / offshoot,
process of a bone, fr. / to grow from; / from + /, /, to
grow.] 1. (Anat.) A marked
prominence or process on any part of a bone.
2. (Bot.) An enlargement at the top of a
pedicel or stem, as seen in certain mosses.
Gray.
{ Ap`o*plec"tic (#)(#)
Ap`o*plec"tic*al (#), } a.
[L. apoplecticus, Gr. /, fr. /: cf. F.
apoplectique. See Apoplexy.]
Relating to apoplexy; affected with, inclined to, or
symptomatic of, apoplexy; as, an apoplectic person,
medicine, habit or temperament, symptom, fit, or
stroke.
Ap`o*plec"tic, n. One liable to, or
affected with, apoplexy.
Ap`o*plec"ti*form (#),
Ap`o*plec"toid (#), a.
[Apoplectic + -form,
-oid.] Resembling apoplexy.
Ap"o*plex (#), n.
Apoplexy. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Ap`o*plexed, a. Affected with
apoplexy. [Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 70 -->
Ap"o*plex`y (#), n. [OE.
poplexye, LL. poplexia,
apoplexia, fr. Gr. /, fr. / to cripple by a
stroke; / from + / to strike: cf. F. apoplexie.
See Plague.] (Med.) Sudden
diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary
motion, usually caused by pressure on the brain.
cerebral
apoplexy, or loss of consciousness due to effusion of blood
or other lesion within the substance of the brain; but it is
sometimes extended to denote an effusion of blood into the
substance of any organ; as, apoplexy of the
lung.
Ap`o*ret"ic*al (#), a. [Gr.
/. See Aporia.] Doubting; skeptical.
[Obs.]
Cudworth.
\'d8A*po"ri*a (#), n.; pl.
Aporias (#). [L., doubt, Gr. /,
fr. / without passage, at a loss; / priv. + /
passage.] (Rhet.) A figure in which the
speaker professes to be at a loss what course to pursue, where to
begin to end, what to say, etc.
\'d8Ap`o*ro"sa (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /. See Aporia.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of corals in which the coral
is not porous; -- opposed to Perforata.
Ap`o*rose" (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without pores.
A*port" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + port.] (Naut.)
On or towards the port or left side; -- said of the
helm.
\'d8Ap`o*si`o*pe"sis (?; 277), n.
[L., fr. Gr. /, from / to be quite silent.]
(Rhet.) A figure of speech in which the speaker
breaks off suddenly, as if unwilling or unable to state what was
in his mind; as, \'bdI declare to you that his conduct -- but
I can not speak of that, here.\'b8
Ap`o*sit"ic, a. [Gr. /; / from + /
food.] (Med.) Destroying the appetite, or
suspending hunger.
A*pos"ta*sy (#), n.; pl.
Apostasies (#). [OE.
apostasie, F. apostasie, L.
apostasia, fr. Gr. / a standing off from, a
defection, fr. / to stand off, revolt; / from + / to stand.
See Off and Stand.] An abandonment
of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of
departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the
renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's
apostasy from Christianity.
A*pos"tate (#), n. [L.
apostata, Gr. /, fr. /. See
Apostasy.] 1. One who has forsaken
the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered;
esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a
renegade.
2. (R. C. Ch.) One who, after having
received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession.
A*pos"tate, a. Pertaining to, or
characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance;
renegade.
So spake the apostate angel.
Milton.
A wretched and apostate state.
Steele.
A*pos"tate, v. i. [L.
apostatare.] To apostatize.
[Obs.]
We are not of them which apostate from Christ.
Bp. Hall.
Ap`o*stat"ic (#), a. [L.
apostaticus, Gr. /.] Apostatical.
[R.]
Ap`o*stat"ic*al (#), a.
Apostate.
An heretical and apostatical church.
Bp. Hall.
A*pos"ta*tize (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Apostatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostatizing.] [LL.
apostatizare.] To renounce totally a
religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the
faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has
previously adhered.
He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to
believing in /emblances.
Carlyle.
A*pos"te*mate (#), v. i. [See
Aposteme.] To form an abscess; to swell and
fill with pus.
Wiseman.
A*pos`te*ma"tion (#), n. [LL.
apostematio: cf. F. apost\'82mation.]
(Med.) The formation of an aposteme; the process
of suppuration. [Written corruptly
imposthumation.]
Wiseman.
Ap`os*tem"a*tous (#), a.
Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an
aposteme.
Ap"os*teme (#), n. [L.
apostema, Gr. / the separation of corrupt matter
into an ulcer, fr. / to stand off: cf. F.
apost\'8ame. See Apostasy.]
(Med.) An abscess; a swelling filled with
purulent matter. [Written corruptly
imposthume.]
\'d8A` pos*te`ri*o"ri (#). [L.
a (ab) + posterior
latter.] 1. (Logic) Characterizing
that kind of reasoning which derives propositions from the
observation of facts, or by generalizations from facts arrives at
principles and definitions, or infers causes from effects. This
is the reverse of a priori reasoning.
2. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge which
is based upon or derived from facts through induction or
experiment; inductive or empirical.
{ A*pos"til (#), A*pos"tille
(#), } n. [F.
apostille. See Postil.] A marginal
note on a letter or other paper; an annotation.
Motley.
A*pos"tle (#), n. [OE.
apostle, apostel, postle, AS.
apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. /
messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. / to send off or away;
/ from + / to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E.
stall: cf. F. ap\'93tre, Of.
apostre, apostle, apostele,
apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent
forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of
Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and
sent forth to preach the gospel.
He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve,
whom also he named apostles.
Luke vi. 13.
apostle is also applied to
others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were
equal with them in office and dignity; as, \'bdPaul, called to be
an apostle of Jesus Christ.\'b8 1 Cor. i. 1.
In Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as
having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the
primitive church, other ministers were called apostles
(Rom. xvi. 7).
2. The missionary who first plants the Christian
faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great
moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who
has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as,
Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France,
John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew
the apostle of temperance.
3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter
dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court,
stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the
admiralty courts.
Wharton. Burrill.
Apostles' creed, a creed of unknown origin,
which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates
back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that
it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth
century. -- Apostle spoon (Antiq.),
a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure
of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as
a present to the godchild.
B. Jonson.
A*pos"tle*ship (#), n. The
office or dignity of an apostle.
A*pos"to*late (#), n. [L.
apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See
Apostle.] 1. The dignity, office, or
mission, of an apostle; apostleship.
Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder
of the apostolic see.
{ Ap`os*tol"ic (#),
Ap`os*tol"ic*al (#), } a.
[L. apostolicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an
apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar
spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the
apostolic age.
2. According to the doctrines of the apostles;
delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic
faith or practice.
3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy;
papal.
Apostolical brief. See under
Brief. -- Apostolic canons, a
collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of
Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of
the church in the second and third centuries. --
Apostolic church, the Christian church; -- so
called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and
order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem
were called apostolic churches. -- Apostolic
constitutions, directions of a nature similar to the
apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same
authors or author. -- Apostolic fathers,
early Christian writers, who were born in the first century,
and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp,
Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes
been added. -- Apostolic king (or
majesty), a title granted by the pope to
the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of
Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is
now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of
Hungary. -- Apostolic see, a see founded and
governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so
called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the
successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only
apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. --
Apostolical succession, the regular and
uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a
succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent
period. Hook.
Ap`os*tol"ic, n. [L.
apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.) A
member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times
professed to imitate the practice of the apostles.
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly, adv. In an apostolic
manner.
Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness, n.
Apostolicity.
Dr. H. More.
{ Ap`os*tol"i*cism (#),
A*pos`to*lic"i*ty (#), } n.
The state or quality of being apostolical.
A*pos"tro*phe (#), n. [(1) L.,
fr. Gr. / a turning away, fr. / to turn away; / from + /
to turn. (2) F., fr. L. apostrophus apostrophe, the
turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. /.] 1.
(Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the orator or
writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his
discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or
thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to
Light at the beginning of the third book of \'bdParadise
Lost.\'b8
2. (Gram.) The contraction of a word by
the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by
the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have
been; as, call'd for called.
3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is
contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't
for can not), and as sign of the possessive, singular and plural;
as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it
originally marked the omission of the letter e.
The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and
letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark
the close of a quotation.
Ap`os*troph"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or
rhetorical.
A*pos"tro*phize (#), v. t.,
[imp. & p. p. Apostrophized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apostrophizing.] 1. To address by
apostrophe.
2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters;
also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes.
A*pos"tro*phize, v. i. To use the
rhetorical figure called apostrophe.
Ap"os*tume (#), n. See
Aposteme. [Obs.]
Ap`o*tac"tite (#), n. [LL. pl.
apotactitae, Gr. /, fr. / set apart; / from +
/ to arrange, ordain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One
of a sect of ancient Christians, who, in supposed imitation of
the first believers, renounced all their possessions.
A*pot"e*lesm (#), n. [See
Apotelesmatic.] 1. The result or
issue. [Obs.]
2. (Astrol.) The calculation and
explanation of a nativity. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Ap`o*tel`es*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/, fr. / effect of the stars on human destiny, fr. / to
complete; / from + / to end, / end.] 1.
Relating to the casting of horoscopes.
[Archaic]
Whewell.
2. Relating to an issue of fulfillment.
In this way a passage in the Old Testament may have, or rather
comprise, an apotelesmatic sense, i. e.,
one of after or final accomplishment.
M. Stuart.
A*poth"e*ca*ry (#), n.; pl.
Apothecaries. [OE. apotecarie,
fr. LL. apothecarius, fr. L. apotheca
storehouse, Gr. apo, fr. / to put away; / from +
/ to put: cf. F. apothicaire, OF.
apotecaire. See Thesis.] One who
prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal
purposes.
Apothecaries' weight, the system of weights by
which medical prescriptions were formerly compounded. The pound
and ounce are the same as in Troy weight; they differ only in the
manner of subdivision. The ounce is divided into 8 drams, 24
scruples, 480 grains. See Troy weight.
\'d8Apo`*the"ci*um, n.; pl.
Apothecia (#). [NL.]
(Bot.) The ascigerous fructification of lichens,
forming masses of various shapes.
{ Ap"o*thegm, Ap"oph*thegm }
(#), n. [Gr. / thing uttered,
apothegm, from / to speak out; / from + / to speak.]
A short, pithy, and instructive saying; a terse remark,
conveying some important truth; a sententious precept or
maxim. [Apothegm is now the prevalent
spelling in the United States.]
{ Ap`o*theg*mat"ic (#),
Ap`o*theg*mat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Pertaining to, or in the manner of, an
apotghem; sententious; pithy.
Ap`o*theg"ma*tist (#), n. A
collector or maker of apothegms.
Pope.
Ap`o*theg"ma*tize (#), v. i. To
utter apothegms, or short and sententious sayings.
Ap"o*them (#), n. [Gr. / +
/ that which is placed, / to place.] 1.
(Math.) The perpendicular from the center to one
of the sides of a regular polygon.
2. A deposit formed in a liquid extract of a
vegetable substance by exposure to the air.
Ap`o*the"o*sis (?; 277), n. pl.
Apotheoses (#). [L., fr. Gr. /, fr.
/ to deify; / from + / to deify, / a god.]
1. The act of elevating a mortal to the rank of,
and placing him among, \'bdthe gods;\'b8 deification.
2. Glorification; exaltation. \'bdThe
apotheosis of chivalry.\'b8 Prescott. \'bdThe
noisy apotheosis of liberty and machinery.\'b8 F.
Harrison.
Ap`o*the"o*size (#), v. t. To
exalt to the dignity of a deity; to declare to be a god; to
deify; to glorify.
\'d8A*poth"e*sis (#), n. [Gr.
/ a putting back or away, fr. /. See
Apothecary.] (Arch.) (a)
A place on the south side of the chancel in the primitive
churches, furnished with shelves, for books, vestments,
etc. Weale. (b) A dressing room
connected with a public bath.
\'d8A*pot"o*me (#), n. [Gr. /
a cutting off, fr. / to cut off; / from + / to cut.]
1. (Math.) The difference between two
quantities commensurable only in power, as between
2. (Mus) The remaining part of a whole
tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major
semitone. [Obs.]
Ap"o*zem (#), n. [L.
apozema, Gr. /, fr. / to extract by boiling; /
from + / boil.] (Med.) A decoction or
infusion. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
Ap`o*zem"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, a decoction.
[Obs.]
J. Whitaker.
Ap*pair" (#), v. t. & i. [OF.
empeirier, F. empire. See
Impair.] To impair; to grow worse.
[Obs.]
Ap`pa*la"chi*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a chain of mountains in the United States, commonly
called the Allegheny mountains.
Appalachian was given to the
mountains by the Spaniards under De Soto, who derived it from the
heighboring Indians.
Am. Cyc.
Ap*pall" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appalled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appalling.] [OF. appalir to
grow pale, make pale; a (L. ad) +
p\'83lir to grow pale, to make pale,
p\'83le pale. See Pale, a., and cf.
Pall.] 1. To make pale; to
blanch. [Obs.]
The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . .
Hath so appalled my countenance.
Wyatt.
2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an
old appalled wight. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it
will lose the strength, and become appalled in
extremity of cold.
Holland.
3. To depress or discourage with fear; to impress
with fear in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its
firmness; to overcome with sudden terror or horror; to dismay;
as, the sight appalled the stoutest
heart.
The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this
alarum.
Clarendon.
Syn. -- To dismay; terrify; daunt; frighten; affright;
scare; depress. See Dismay.
Ap*pall", v. i. 1. To grow
faint; to become weak; to become dismayed or discouraged.
[Obs.]
Gower.
2. To lose flavor or become stale.
[Obs.]
Ap*pall", n. Terror; dismay.
[Poet.]
Cowper.
Ap*pall"ing, a. Such as to appall;
as, an appalling accident. --
Ap*pall"ing*ly, adv.
Ap*pall"ment (#), n. Depression
occasioned by terror; dismay. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ap"pa*nage (#), n. [F.
apanage, fr. OF. apaner to nourish,
support, fr. LL. apanare to furnish with bread, to
provision; L. ad + pains bread.] 1.
The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the
subsistence of his younger sons.
2. A dependency; a dependent territory.
<-- p. 71 -->
3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a
natural adjunct or accompaniment. \'bdWealth . . . the
appanage of wit.\'b8
Swift.
Ap*pan"a*gist (#), n. [F.
apanagiste.] A prince to whom an appanage
has been granted.
Ap*par"ail*lyng (#), n. [See
Apparel, n. & v.]
Preparation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap"pa*ratus (#), n.; pl.
Apparatus, also rarely Apparatuses
(#). [L., from apparare,
apparatum, to prepare; ad +
prepare to make ready.] 1. Things
provided as means to some end.
2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements,
or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any
complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a
specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism.
3. (Physiol.) A collection of organs all
of which unite in a common function; as, the respiratory
apparatus.
Ap*par"el (#), n. [OE.
apparel, apareil, OF. apareil,
appareil, preparation, provision, furniture, OF.
apareiller to match, prepare, F.
appareiller; OF. a (L. ad) +
pareil like, similar, fr. LL. pariculus,
dim. of L. par equal. See Pair.]
1. External clothing; vesture; garments; dress;
garb; external habiliments or array.
Fresh in his new apparel, proud and young.
Denham.
At public devotion his resigned carriage made religion appear
in the natural apparel of simplicity.
Tatler.
2. A small ornamental piece of embroidery worn on
albs and some other ecclesiastical vestments.
3. (Naut.) The furniture of a ship, as
masts, sails, rigging, anchors, guns, etc.
Syn. -- Dress; clothing; vesture; garments; raiment; garb;
costume; attire; habiliments.
Ap*par"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Appareled, or Apparelled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Appareling, or
Apparelling.] [OF.
apareiller.] 1. To make or get
(something) ready; to prepare. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit
out.
Ships . . . appareled to fight.
Hayward.
3. To dress or clothe; to attire.
They which are gorgeously appareled, and live
delicately, are in kings' courts.
Luke vii. 25.
4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with
something ornamental; to deck; to embellish; as, trees
appareled with flowers, or a garden with
verdure.
Appareled in celestial light.
Wordsworth.
Ap*par"ence (#), n. [OF.
aparence.] Appearance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap*par"en*cy (#), n. 1.
Appearance. [Obs.]
2. Apparentness; state of being apparent.
Coleridge.
3. The position of being heir apparent.
Ap*par"ent (#), a. [F.
apparent, L. apparens, -entis,
p. pr. of apparere. See Appear.]
1. Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to
view; visible to the eye; within sight or view.
The moon . . . apparent queen.
Milton.
2. Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain;
evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.
It is apparent foul play.
Shak.
3. Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished
from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or
real); seeming; as the apparent motion or
diameter of the sun.
To live on terms of civility, and even of apparent
friendship.
Macaulay.
What Berkeley calls visible magnitude was by astronomers
called apparent magnitude.
Reid.
Apparent horizon, the circle which in a level
plain bounds our view, and is formed by the apparent meeting of
the earth and heavens, as distinguished from the
rational horizon. -- Apparent time.
See Time. -- Heir apparent
(Law), one whose to an estate is indefeasible if
he survives the ancestor; -- in distinction from presumptive
heir. See Presumptive.
Syn. -- Visible; distinct; plain; obvious; clear; certain;
evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious.
Ap*par"ent, n. An heir apparent.
[Obs.]
I'll draw it [the sword] as apparent to the
crown.
Shak.
Ap*par"ent*ly, adv. 1.
Visibly. [Obs.]
Hobbes.
2. Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.
If he should scorn me so apparently.
Shak.
3. Seemingly; in appearance; as, a man may be
apparently friendly, yet malicious in heart.
Ap*par"ent*ness, n. Plainness to the eye
or the mind; visibleness; obviousness. [R.]
Sherwood.
Ap`pa*ri"tion (#), n. [F.
apparition, L. apparitio, fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.
Milton.
The sudden apparition of the Spaniards.
Prescott.
The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much
speculation in that portion of the world.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a
form.
Which apparition, it seems, was you.
Tatler.
3. An unexpected, wonderful, or preternatural
appearance; a ghost; a specter; a phantom. \'bdThe heavenly
bands . . . a glorious apparition.\'b8
Milton.
I think it is the weakness of mine eyes
That shapes this monstrous apparition.
Shak.
4. (Astron.) The first appearance of a
star or other luminary after having been invisible or obscured;
-- opposed to occultation.
Circle of perpetual apparition. See under
Circle.
Ap`pa*ri"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to an apparition or to apparitions;
spectral. \'bdAn apparitional soul.\'b8
Tylor.
Ap*par"i*tor (#), n. [L., fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
Formerly, an officer who attended magistrates and judges to
execute their orders.
Before any of his apparitors could execute the
sentence, he was himself summoned away by a sterner
apparitor to the other world.
De Quincey.
2. (Law) A messenger or officer who
serves the process of an ecclesiastical court.
Bouvier.
\'d8Ap`pau`m\'82" (#), n. [F.
appaum\'82; / (l. ad) +
paume the palm, fr. L. palma.]
(Her.) A hand open and extended so as to show the
palm.
Ap*pay" (#), v. t. [OF.
appayer, apaier, LL. appacare,
appagare, fr. L. ad + pacare to pacify,
pax, pacis, peace. See Pay,
Appease.] To pay; to satisfy or
appease. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Ap*peach" (#), v. t. [OE.
apechen, for empechen, OF.
empeechier, F. emp\'88cher, to hinder. See
Impeach.] To impeach; to accuse; to asperse;
to inform against; to reproach. [Obs.]
And oft of error did himself appeach.
Spenser.
Ap*peach"er, n. An accuser.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
Ap*peach"ment (#), n.
Accusation. [Obs.]
Ap*peal" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appealing.] [OE. appelen,
apelen, to appeal, accuse, OF. appeler, fr.
L. appellare to approach, address, invoke, summon,
call, name; akin to appellere to drive to; ad +
pellere to drive. See Pulse, and cf.
Peal.] 1. (Law) (a)
To make application for the removal of (a cause) from an
inferior to a superior judge or court for a rehearing or review
on account of alleged injustice or illegality in the trial below.
We say, the cause was appealed from an inferior
court. (b) To charge with a crime; to accuse;
to institute a private criminal prosecution against for some
heinous crime; as, to appeal a person of
felony.
2. To summon; to challenge.
[Archaic]
Man to man will I appeal the Norman to the
lists.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To invoke. [Obs.]
Milton.
Ap*peal", v. t. 1. (Law)
To apply for the removal of a cause from an inferior to a
superior judge or court for the purpose of re\'89xamination of
for decision.
Tomlins.
I appeal unto C\'91sar.
Acts xxv. 11.
2. To call upon another to decide a question
controverted, to corroborate a statement, to vindicate one's
rights, etc.; as, I appeal to all mankind for the
truth of what is alleged. Hence: To call on one for aid; to
make earnest request.
I appeal to the Scriptures in the original.
Horsley.
They appealed to the sword.
Macaulay.
Ap*peal", n. [OE. appel,
apel, OF. apel, F. appel, fr.
appeler. See Appeal, v. t.]
1. (Law) (a) An application for
the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior
judge or court for re\'89xamination or review. (b)
The mode of proceeding by which such removal is
effected. (c) The right of appeal.
(d) An accusation; a process which formerly might
be instituted by one private person against another for some
heinous crime demanding punishment for the particular injury
suffered, rather than for the offense against the public.
(e) An accusation of a felon at common law by one
of his accomplices, which accomplice was then called an
approver. See Approvement.
Tomlins. Bouvier.
2. A summons to answer to a charge.
Dryden.
3. A call upon a person or an authority for proof
or decision, in one's favor; reference to another as witness; a
call for help or a favor; entreaty.
A kind of appeal to the Deity, the author of
wonders.
Bacon.
4. Resort to physical means; recourse.
Every milder method is to be tried, before a nation makes an
appeal to arms.
Kent.
Ap*peal"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Capable of being appealed against; that may be removed to a
higher tribunal for decision; as, the cause is
appealable.
2. That may be accused or called to answer by
appeal; as, a criminal is appealable for
manslaughter. [Obs.]
Ap*peal"ant (#), n. An
appellant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ap*peal"er (#), n. One who
makes an appeal.
Ap*peal"ing, a. That appeals; imploring.
-- Ap*peal"*ing*ly, adv. --
Ap*peal"ing*ness, n.
Ap*pear" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Appeared
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appearing.] [OE. apperen,
aperen, OF. aparoir, F.
apparoir, fr. L. appar/re to appear +
par/reto come forth, to be visible; prob. from the
same root as par/re to produce. Cf.
Apparent, Parent, Peer, v.
i.] 1. To come or be in sight; to be in
view; to become visible.
And God . . . said, Let . . . the dry land
appear.
Gen. i. 9.
2. To come before the public; as, a great
writer appeared at that time.
3. To stand in presence of some authority,
tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause,
or the like; to present one's self as a party or advocate before
a court, or as a person to be tried.
We must all appear before the judgment seat.
\'b5 Cor. v. 10.
One ruffian escaped because no prosecutor dared to
appear.
Macaulay.
4. To become visible to the apprehension of the
mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension,
or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.
It doth not yet appear what we shall be.
1 John iii. 2.
Of their vain contest appeared no end.
Milton.
5. To seem; to have a certain semblance; to
look.
They disfigure their faces, that they may appear
unto men to fast.
Matt. vi. 16.
Syn. -- To seem; look. See Seem.
Ap*pear", n. Appearance.
[Obs.]
J. Fletcher.
Ap*pear"ance (#), n. [F.
apparence, L. apparentia, fr.
apparere. See Appear.] 1.
The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of
becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden
appearance surprised me.
2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an
apparition; as, an appearance in the sky.
3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person;
look; aspect; mien.
And now am come to see . . .
It thy appearance answer loud report.
Milton.
4. Semblance, or apparent likeness; external show.
pl. Outward signs, or circumstances, fitted to make
a particular impression or to determine the judgment as to the
character of a person or a thing, an act or a state; as,
appearances are against him.
There was upon the tabernacle, as it were, the
appearance of fire.
Num. ix. 15.
For man looketh on the outward appearance.
1 Sam. xvi. 7.
Judge not according to the appearance.
John. vii. 24.
5. The act of appearing in a particular place, or
in society, a company, or any proceedings; a coming before the
public in a particular character; as, a person makes his
appearance as an historian, an artist, or an
orator.
Will he now retire,
After appearance, and again prolong
Our expectation?
Milton.
6. Probability; likelihood.
[Obs.]
There is that which hath no appearance.
Bacon.
7. (Law) The coming into court of either
of the parties; the being present in court; the coming into court
of a party summoned in an action, either by himself or by his
attorney, expressed by a formal entry by the proper officer to
that effect; the act or proceeding by which a party proceeded
against places himself before the court, and submits to its
jurisdiction.
Burrill. Bouvier. Daniell.
To put in an appearance, to be present; to
appear in person. -- To save appearances, to
preserve a fair outward show.
Syn. -- Coming; arrival; presence; semblance; pretense; air;
look; manner; mien; figure; aspect.
Ap*pear"er (#), n. One who
appears.
Sir T. Browne.
Ap*pear"ing*ly, adv. Apparently.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ap*peas"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appeased or pacified; placable. --
Ap*peas"a*ble*ness, n.
Ap*pease" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appealed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appeasing.] [OE. apesen,
apaisen, OF. apaisier,
apaissier, F. apaiser, fr. a (L.
ad) + OF. pais peace, F. paix,
fr. L. pax, pacis. See
Peace.] To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to
a state of peace; to still; to pacify; to dispel (anger or
hatred); as, to appease the tumult of the ocean, or
of the passions; to appease hunger or thirst.
Syn. -- To pacify; quiet; conciliate; propitiate; assuage;
compose; calm; allay; hush; soothe; tranquilize.
Ap*pease"ment (#), n. The act
of appeasing, or the state of being appeased; pacification.
Hayward.
Ap*peas"er (#), n. One who
appeases; a pacifier.
Ap*pea"sive (#), a. Tending to
appease.
Ap*pel"la*ble (#), a.
Appealable.
Ap*pel"lan*cy (#), n.
Capability of appeal.
Ap*pel"lant (#), a. [L.
appellans, p. pr. of appellare; cf. F.
appelant. See Appeal.] Relating to
an appeal; appellate. \'bdAn appellant
jurisdiction.\'b8
Hallam.
Party appellant (Law), the party
who appeals; appellant; -- opposed to respondent, or
appellee.
Tomlins.
Ap*pel"lant, n. 1. (Law)
(a) One who accuses another of felony or
treason. [Obs.] (b) One who
appeals, or asks for a rehearing or review of a cause by a higher
tribunal.
2. A challenger. [Obs.]
Milton.
3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who appealed to a
general council against the bull Unigenitus.
4. One who appeals or entreats.
Ap*pel"late (#), a. [L.
appelatus, p. p. of appellare.]
Pertaining to, or taking cognizance of, appeals.
\'bdAppellate jurisdiction.\'b8 Blackstone.
\'bdAppellate judges.\'b8
Burke.
Appelate court, a court having cognizance of
appeals.
Ap*pel"late, n. A person or prosecuted
for a crime. [Obs.] See Appellee.
Ap`pel*la"tion (#), n. [L.
appellatio, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appellation. See Appeal.] 1.
The act of appealing; appeal. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. The act of calling by a name.
3. The word by which a particular person or thing
is called and known; name; title; designation.
They must institute some persons under the
appellation of magistrates.
Hume.
Syn. -- See Name.
Ap*pel"la*tive (#), a. [L.
appellativus, fr. appellare: cf. F.
appelatif. See Appeal.] 1.
Pertaining to a common name; serving as a distinctive
denomination; denominative; naming.
Cudworth.
2. (gram.) Common, as opposed to
proper; denominative of a class.
Ap*pel"la*tive, n. [L.
appelativum, sc. nomen.] 1.
A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common
name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus,
or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus,
tree is the name of all plants of a particular class;
plant and vegetable are names of things
that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand,
stands for a single thing; as, Rome,
Washington, Lake Erie.
2. An appellation or title; a descriptive
name.
God chosen it for one of his appellatives to be the
Defender of them.
Jer. Taylor.
Ap*pel"la*tive*ly, adv. After the manner
of nouns appellative; in a manner to express whole classes or
species; as, Hercules is sometimes used
appellatively, that is, as a common name, to signify a
strong man.
Ap*pel"la*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being appellative.
Fuller.
Ap*pel"la*tory (#), a. [L.
appellatorius, fr. appellare.]
Containing an appeal.
An appellatory libel ought to contain the name of
the party appellant.
Ayliffe.
Ap`pel*lee", n. [F.
appel\'82, p. p. of appeler, fr. L.
appellare.] (Law) (a)
The defendant in an appeal; -- opposed to
appellant. (b) The person who
is appealed against, or accused of crime; -- opposed to
appellor.
Blackstone.
<-- p. 72 -->
Ap`pel*lor (#), n. [OF.
apeleur, fr. L. appellator, fr.
appellare.] (Law) (a)
The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another
for a crime. Blackstone. (b) One who
confesses a felony committed and accuses his accomplices.
Blount. Burrill.
appellant. Appellee is opposed both to
appellant and appellor.
Ap"pen*age, n. See
Appanage.
Ap*pend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appending.] [L.
appendere or F. appendre: cf. OE.
appenden, apenden, to belong, OF.
apendre, F. appendre, fr. L.
append/re, v. i., to hang to,
append/re, v. t., to hang to; ad +
pend/re, v. i., to hang, pend/re, v. t., to
hang. See Pendant.] 1. To hang or
attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended;
as, a seal appended to a record; the inscription was
appended to the column.
2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing;
to annex; as, notes appended to this
chapter.
A further purpose appended to the primary one.
I. Taylor.
Ap*pend"age, n. 1. Something
appended to, or accompanying, a principal or greater thing,
though not necessary to it, as a portico to a house.
Modesty is the appendage of sobriety.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Biol.) A subordinate or subsidiary
part or organ; an external organ or limb, esp. of the
articulates.
Antenn\'91 and other appendages used for
feeling.
Carpenter.
Syn. -- Addition; adjunct; concomitant.
Ap*pend"aged, a. Furnished with, or
supplemented by, an appendage.
Ap*pend"ance, n. [F.]
Something appendant.
Ap*pend"ant, a. [F.
appendant, p. pr. of appendre. See
Append, v. t.] 1.
Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal
appendant to a paper.
As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but
reasonable we should suffer the appendant
calamity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Law) Appended by prescription, that
is, a personal usage for a considerable time; -- said of a thing
of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which is superior
or more worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc. , which
may be appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a
freehold, a seat in church to a house.
Wharton. Coke.
Ap*pend"ant, n. 1. Anything
attached to another as incidental or subordinate to it.
2. (Law) A inheritance annexed by
prescription to a superior inheritance.
{ Ap*pend"ence (#), Ap*pend"en*cy
(#), } n. State of being
appendant; appendance. [Obs.]
Ap*pend"i*cal (#), a. Of or
like an appendix.
Ap*pend"i*cate (#), v. t. To
append. [Obs.]
Ap*pend`i*ca"tion (#), n. An
appendage. [Obs.]
Ap*pend`i*ci"tis (#), n.
(Med.) Inflammation of the vermiform
appendix.
Ap*pend"i*cle (#), n. [L.
appendicula, dim. of. appendix.]
A small appendage.
Ap`pen*dic"u*lar (#), a.
Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate.
[R.]
\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ri*a (#), n.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small
free-swimming Tunicata, shaped somewhat like a tadpole, and
remarkable for resemblances to the larv\'91 of other Tunicata. It
is the type of the order Copelata or Larvalia. See
Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Ap`pen*dic`u*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of annelids;
the Polych
Ap`pen*dic"u*late (#), a. [See
Appendicle.] Having small appendages; forming
an appendage.
Appendiculate leaf, a small appended
leaf.
Withering.
Ap*pen"dix (#), n.; pl. E.
Appendixes (#), L. Appendices
(#)(#). [L. appendix, -dicis,
fr. appendere. See Append.] 1.
Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or
concomitant.
Normandy became an appendix to England.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not
necessarily essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished
from supplement, which is intended to supply
deficiencies and correct inaccuracies.
Syn. -- See Supplement.
Ap*pen"sion (#), n. The act of
appending. [Obs.]
Ap`per*ceive" (#), v. t. [F.
apercevoir, fr. L. ad + percipere,
perceptum, to perceive. See Perceive.]
To perceive; to comprehend.
Chaucer.
Ap`per*cep"tion (#), n. [Pref.
ad- + perception: cf. F.
apperception.] (Metaph.) The
mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own
states; perception that reflects upon itself; sometimes,
intensified or energetic perception.
Leibnitz. Reid.
This feeling has been called by philosophers the
apperception or consciousness of our own
existence.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ap*per"il (#), n. Peril.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ap`per*tain" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Appertained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appertaining.] [OE.
apperteinen, apertenen, OF.
apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L.
appertinere; ad + pertinere to reach to,
belong. See Pertain.] To belong or pertain,
whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to
relate.
Things appertaining to this life.
Hooker.
Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth.
Lev. vi. 5.
Ap`per*tain"ment, n. That which
appertains to a person; an appurtenance. [Obs. or
R.]
Shak.
{ Ap*per"ti*nance (#),
Ap*per"ti*nence (#), } n.
See Appurtenance.
Ap*per"ti*nent (#), a.
Belonging; appertaining. [Now usually written
appurtenant.]
Coleridge.
Ap*per"ti*nent, n. That which belongs to
something else; an appurtenant. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ap*pete" (#), v. t. [L.
appetere: cf. F. app\'82ter. See
Appetite.] To seek for; to desire.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ap"pe*tence (#), n. [Cf. F.
app\'82tence. See Appetency.] A
longing; a desire; especially an ardent desire; appetite;
appetency.
Ap"pe*ten*cy (#), n.; pl.
Appetencies (#). [L.
appetentia, fr. appetere to strive after,
long for. See Appetite.] 1. Fixed
and strong desire; esp. natural desire; a craving; an eager
appetite.
They had a strong appetency for reading.
Merivale.
2. Specifically: An instinctive inclination or
propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young
to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim; the
tendency of an organized body to seek what satisfies the wants of
its organism.
These lacteals have mouths, and by animal selection or
appetency the absorb such part of the fluid as is
agreeable to their palate.
E. Darwin.
3. Natural tendency; affinity; attraction; -- used
of inanimate objects.
Ap"pe*tent (#), a. [L.
appetens, p. pr. of appetere.]
Desiring; eagerly desirous. [R.]
Appetent after glory and renown.
Sir G. Buck.
Ap`pe*ti*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf.
F. app\'82tibilit\'82.] The quality of
being desirable.
Bramhall.
Ap"pe*ti*ble (#), a. [L.
appetibilis, fr. appetere: cf. F.
app\'82tible.] Desirable; capable or worthy
of being the object of desire.
Bramhall.
Ap"pe*tite (#), n. [OE.
appetit, F. app\'82tit, fr. L.
appetitus, fr. appetere to strive after,
long for; ad + petere to seek. See Petition,
and cf. Appetence.] 1. The desire
for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the
mind.
The object of appetite it whatsoever sensible good
may be wished for; the object of will is that good which reason
does lead us to seek.
Hooker.
2. Desire for, or relish of, food or drink;
hunger.
Men must have appetite before they will eat.
Buckle.
3. Any strong desire; an eagerness or
longing.
It God had given to eagles an appetite to swim.
Jer. Taylor.
To gratify the vulgar appetite for the
marvelous.
Macaulay.
4. Tendency; appetency. [Obs.]
In all bodies there as an appetite of union.
Bacon.
5. The thing desired. [Obs.]
Power being the natural appetite of princes.
Swift.
appetite is followed by
to or of, but regularly it should be
followed by for before the object; as, an
appetite for pleasure.
Syn. -- Craving; longing; desire; appetency; passion.
Ap`pe*ti"tion (#), n. [L.
appetitio: cf. F. app\'82tition.]
Desire; a longing for, or seeking after, something.
Holland.
Ap"pe*ti"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
app\'82titif.] Having the quality of
desiring gratification; as, appetitive power or
faculty.
Sir M. Hale.
Ap"pe*tize (#), v. t. To make
hungry; to whet the appetite of.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"pe*ti`zer (#), n. Something
which creates or whets an appetite.
Ap"pe*ti`zing (#), a. [Cf. F.
app\'82tissant.] Exciting appetite; as,
appetizing food.
The appearance of the wild ducks is very
appetizing.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap"pe*ti`zing, adv. So as to excite
appetite.
Ap"pi*an (#), a. [L.
Appius, Appianus.] Of or
pertaining to Appius.
Appian Way, the great paved highway from
ancient Rome trough Capua to Brundisium, now Brindisi,
constructed partly by Appius Claudius, about 312 b.
c.
Ap*plaud" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applauded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Applauding.] [L.
applaudere; ad + plaudere to clash, to clap
the hands: cf. F. applaudir. Cf.
Explode.] 1. To show approval of by
clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign.
I would applaud thee to the very echo,
That should applaud again.
Shak.
2. To praise by words; to express approbation of;
to commend; to approve.
By the gods, I do applaud his courage.
Shak.
Syn. -- To praise; extol; commend; cry up; magnify; approve.
See Praise.
Ap*plaud", v. i. To express approbation
loudly or significantly.
Ap*plaud"er (#), n. One who
applauds.
Ap*plaus"a*ble (#), a. Worthy
pf applause; praiseworthy. [Obs.]
Ap*plause" (#), n. [L.
applaudere, app/ausum. See
Applaud.] The act of applauding; approbation
and praise publicly expressed by clapping the hands, stamping or
tapping with the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means;
marked commendation.
The brave man seeks not popular applause.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation;
approval.
Ap*plau"sive (#), a. [LL.
applausivus.] Expressing applause;
approbative. -- Ap*plau"sive*ly,
adv.
Ap"ple (#), n. [OE.
appel, eppel, AS. \'91ppel,
\'91pl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG,
aphul, aphol, G. apfel, Icel.
epli, Sw. \'84ple, Dan. \'91ble,
Gael. ubhall, W. afal, Arm.
aval, Lith. ob/lys, Russ.
iabloko; of unknown origin.] 1.
The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
malus) cultivated in numberless varieties in the temperate
zones.
2. (bot.) Any tree genus
Pyrus which has the stalk sunken into the base of the
fruit; an apple tree.
3. Any fruit or other vegetable production
resembling, or supposed to resemble, the apple; as,
apple of love, or love apple (a tomato), balsam
apple, egg apple, oak
apple.
4. Anything round like an apple; as, an
apple of gold.
Apple is used either adjectively or in
combination; as, apple paper or
apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple
blossom, apple dumpling, apple
pudding.
Apple blight, an aphid which injures apple
trees. See Blight, n. -- Apple
borer (Zo\'94l.), a coleopterous insect
(Saperda candida or bivittata), the larva of which
bores into the trunk of the apple tree and pear tree. --
Apple brandy, brandy made from apples. --
Apple butter, a sauce made of apples stewed down
in cider. Bartlett. -- Apple corer,
an instrument for removing the cores from apples. --
Apple fly (Zo\'94l.), any dipterous
insect, the larva of which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong
to the genera Drosophila and Trypeta.
-- Apple midge (Zo\'94l.) a small
dipterous insect (Sciara mali), the larva of which
bores in apples. -- Apple of the eye, the
pupil. -- Apple of discord, a subject of
contention and envy, so called from the mythological golden
apple, inscribed \'bdFor the fairest,\'b8 which was thrown into
an assembly of the gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was
contended for by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to
the latter. -- Apple of love, or Love
apple, the tomato (Lycopersicum
esculentum). -- Apple of Peru, a large
coarse herb (Nicandra physaloides) bearing pale blue
flowers, and a bladderlike fruit inclosing a dry berry. --
Apples of Sodom, a fruit described by ancient
writers as externally of air appearance but dissolving into smoke
and ashes plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often given to
the fruit of Solanum Sodom\'91um, a prickly shrub with
fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato. -- Apple
sauce, stewed apples. [U. S.] --
Apple snail or Apple shell
(Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water, operculated, spiral
shell of the genus Ampullaria. -- Apple
tart, a tart containing apples. -- Apple
tree, a tree naturally bears apples. See Apple,
2. -- Apple wine, cider. --
Apple worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a
small moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) which burrows in the
interior of apples. See Codling moth. -- Dead
Sea Apple. (a) pl. Apples of Sodom.
Also Fig. \'bdTo seek the Dead Sea
apples of politics.\'b8 S. B. Griffin. (b)
A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See
Gallnut.
Ap"ple (#), v. i. To grow like
an apple; to bear apples.
Holland.
Ap"ple-faced` (#), a. Having a
round, broad face, like an apple.
\'bdApple-faced children.\'b8
Dickens.
Ap"ple-jack` (#), n. Apple
brandy. [U.S.]
Ap"ple-john`, n.. A kind of apple which
by keeping becomes much withered; -- called also
Johnapple.
Shak.
Ap"ple pie` (#). A pie made of apples
(usually sliced or stewed) with spice and sugar.
Apple-pie bed, a bed in which, as a joke, the
sheets are so doubled (like the cover of an apple turnover) as to
prevent any one from getting at his length between them.
Halliwell, Conybeare. -- Apple-pie
order, perfect order or arrangement.
[Colloq.] Halliwell.
Ap"ple-squire` (#), n. A pimp;
a kept gallant. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ap*pli"a*ble (#), a. [See
Apply.] Applicable; also, compliant.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Ap*pli"ance (#), n. 1.
The act of applying; application; [Obs.]
subservience.
Shak.
2. The thing applied or used as a means to an end;
an apparatus or device; as, to use various
appliances; a mechanical appliance; a machine
with its appliances.
Ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being applicable or fit to be applied.
Ap"pli*ca*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
aplicable, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.] Capable of being applied; fit or
suitable to be applied; having relevance; as, this
observation is applicable to the case under
consideration. --
Ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. --
Ap"pli*ca*bly, adv.
Ap"pli*can*cy (#), n. The
quality or state of being applicable. [R.]
Ap"pli*cant (#), n. [L.
applicans, p. pr. of applicare. See
Apply.] One who apples for something; one who
makes request; a petitioner.
The applicant for a cup of water.
Plumtre.
The court require the applicant to appear in
person.
Z. Swift.
Ap"pli*cate (#), a. [L.
applicatus, p. p. of applicare. See
Apply.] Applied or put to some use.
Those applicate sciences which extend the power of
man over the elements.
I. Taylor.
Applicate number (Math.), one which
applied to some concrete case. -- Applicate
ordinate, right line applied at right angles to the
axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve.
Ap"pli*cate (#), v. i. To
apply. [Obs.]
The act of faith is applicated to the object.
Bp. Pearson.
Ap`pli*ca"tion (#), n. [L.
applicatio, fr. applicare: cf. F.
application. See Apply.] 1.
The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense;
as, the application of emollients to a diseased
limb.
2. The thing applied.
He invented a new application by which blood might
be stanched.
Johnson.
3. The act of applying as a means; the employment
of means to accomplish an end; specific use.
If a right course . . . be taken with children, there will not
be much need of the application of the common rewards
and punishments.
Locke.
4. The act of directing or referring something to a
particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or
disagreement, fitness, or correspondence; as, I make the
remark, and leave you to make the application; the
application of a theory.
<-- p. 73 -->
5. Hence, in specific uses: (a) That part
of a sermon or discourse in which the principles before laid down
and illustrated are applied to practical uses; the \'bdmoral\'b8
of a fable. (b) The use of the principles of one science
for the purpose of enlarging or perfecting another; as, the
application of algebra to geometry.
6. The capacity of being practically applied or
used; relevancy; as, a rule of general
application.
7. The act of fixing the mind or closely applying
one's self; assiduous effort; close attention; as, to injure
the health by application to study.
Had his application been equal to his talents, his
progress night have been greater.
J. Jay.
8. The act of making request of soliciting; as,
an application for an office; he made
application to a court of chancery.
9. A request; a document containing a request;
as, his application was placed on file.
Ap"pli*ca*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
applicatif, fr. L. applicare. See
Apply.] Having of being applied or used;
applying; applicatory; practical. Bramhall. --
Ap"pli*ca*tive*ly,
adv.
Ap"pli*ca*to*ri*ly (#), adv. By
way of application.
Ap"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Having the property
of applying; applicative; practical. --
n. That which applies.
Ap*pli"ed*ly (#), adv. By
application. [R.]
Ap*pli"er (#), n. He who, or
that which, applies.
Ap*pli"ment (#), n.
Application. [Obs.]
Marston
\'d8Ap`pli`qu\'82" (?; 277), a.
[F., fr. appliquer to put on.]
Ornamented with a pattern (which has been cut out of another
color or stuff) applied or transferred to a
foundation; as, appliqu\'82 lace;
appliqu\'82 work.
Ap*plot" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Applotting.] [Pref.
ad- + plot.] To divide into
plots or parts; to apportion.
Milton.
Ap*plot"ment (#), n.
Apportionment.
Ap*ply" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Applied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Applying.] [OF. aplier, F.
appliquer, fr. L. applicare to join, fix,
or attach to; ad + plicare to fold, to twist together.
See Applicant, Ply.] 1. To
lay or place; to put or adjust (one thing to another);
-- with to; as, to apply the hand to the
breast; to apply medicaments to a diseased part of the
body.
He said, and the sword his throat applied.
Dryden.
2. To put to use; to use or employ for a particular
purpose, or in a particular case; to appropriate; to devote;
as, to apply money to the payment of a
debt.
3. To make use of, declare, or pronounce, as
suitable, fitting, or relative; as, to apply the
testimony to the case; to apply an epithet to a
person.
Yet God at last
To Satan, first in sin, his doom applied.
Milton.
4. To fix closely; to engage and employ diligently,
or with attention; to attach; to incline.
Apply thine heart unto instruction.
Prov. xxiii. 12.
5. To direct or address. [R.]
Sacred vows . . . applied to grisly Pluto.
Pope.
6. To betake; to address; to refer; -- used
reflexively.
I applied myself to him for help.
Johnson.
7. To busy; to keep at work; to ply.
[Obs.]
She was skillful in applying his
\'bdhumors.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
8. To visit. [Obs.]
And he applied each place so fast.
Chapman.
Applied chemistry. See under
Chemistry. -- Applied mathematics.
See under Mathematics.
Ap*ply", v. i. 1. To suit; to
agree; to have some connection, agreement, or analogy; as,
this argument applies well to the case.
2. To make request; to have recourse with a view to
gain something; to make application. (to); to solicit;
as, to apply to a friend for information.
3. To ply; to move. [R.]
I heard the sound of an oar applying swiftly
through the water.
T. Moore.
4. To apply or address one's self; to give
application; to attend closely (to).
\'d8Ap*pog`gia*tu"ra (#), n.
[It., fr. appogiarre to lean, to rest;
ap- (L. ad) + poggiare to mount,
ascend, poggio hill, fr. L. podium an
elevated place.] (Mus.) A passing tone
preceding an essential tone, and borrowing the time it occupies
from that; a short auxiliary or grace note one degree above or
below the principal note unless it be of the same harmony; --
generally indicated by a note of smaller size, as in the
illustration above. It forms no essential part of the
harmony.
Ap*point" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appointed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appointing.] [OE.
appointen, apointen, OF.
apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.
appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL.
appunctare to bring back to the point, restore, to fix
the point in a controversy, or the points in an agreement; L.
ad + punctum a point. See Point.]
1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to
mark out.
When he appointed the foundations of the earth.
Prov. viii. 29.
2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve,
decision, or mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to
prescribe; to fix the time and place of.
Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the king shall
appoint.
2 Sam. xv. 15.
He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge
the world in righteousness.
Acts xvii. 31.
Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and
appoint the meeting.
Shak.
3. To assign, designate, or set apart by
authority.
Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every
one to his service.
Num. iv. 19.
These were cities appointed for all the children of
Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them.
Josh. xx. 9.
4. To furnish in all points; to provide with
everything necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit
out.
The English, being well appointed, did so entertain
them that their ships departed terribly torn.
Hayward.
5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of
censure or commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]
Appoint not heavenly disposition.
Milton.
6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit;
to make or direct a new disposition of, by virtue of a power
contained in a conveyance; -- said of an estate already
conveyed.
Burrill. Kent.
To appoint one's self, to resolve.
[Obs.]
Crowley.
Ap*point" (#), v. i. To ordain;
to determine; to arrange.
For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good
counsel of Ahithoph/l.
2 Sam. xvii. 14.
Ap*point"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appointed or constituted.
Ap*point*ee" (#), n. [F.
appoint\'82, p. p. of appointer. See
Appoint, v. t.] 1. A
person appointed.
The commission authorizes them to make appointments, and pay
the appointees.
Circular of Mass. Representatives (1768).
2. (law) A person in whose favor a power
of appointment is executed.
Kent. Wharton.
Ap*point"er (#), n. One who
appoints, or executes a power of appointment.
Kent.
Ap*point"ive (#), a. Subject to
appointment; as, an appointive office.
[R.]
Ap*point"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
appointement.] 1. The act of
appointing; designation of a person to hold an office or
discharge a trust; as, he erred by the appointment
of unsuitable men.
2. The state of being appointed to som/ service
or office; an office to which one is appointed; station;
position; an, the appointment of treasurer.
3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by
mutual agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement;
as, they made an appointment to meet at
six.
4. Decree; direction; established order or
constitution; as, to submit to the divine
appointments.
According to the appointment of the priests.
Ezra vi. 9.
5. (Law) The exercise of the power of
designating (under a \'bdpower of appointment\'b8) a person to
enjoy an estate or other specific property; also, the instrument
by which the designation is made.
6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army;
whatever is appointed for use and management; outfit;
(pl.) the accouterments of military officers or
soldiers, as belts, sashes, swords.
The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness of their
appointments.
Prescott.
I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands
Void of appoinment, that thou liest.
Beau. & Fl.
7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public
officer; a perquisite; -- properly only in the plural.
[Obs.]
An expense proportioned to his appointments and
fortune is necessary.
Chesterfield.
8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration,
etc., at a public exhibition of a college; as, to have an
appointment. [U.S.]
Syn. -- Designation; command; order; direction;
establishment; equipment.
Ap*point*or" (#), n.
(Law) The person who selects the appointee. See
Appointee, 2.
Ap*por"ter (#), n. [Cf. F.
apporter to bring in, fr. L. apportare;
ad + portare to bear.] A bringer in; an
importer. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
Ap*por"tion (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Apportioned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Apportioning.] [OF.
apportionner, LL. apportionare, fr. L.
ad + portio. See Portion.] To
divide and assign in just proportion; to divide and distribute
proportionally; to portion out; to allot; as, to
apportion undivided rights; to apportion time
among various employments.
Ap*por"tion*ate*ness (#), n.
The quality of being apportioned or in proportion.
[Obs. & R.]
Ap*por"tion*er (#), n. One who
apportions.
Ap*por"tion*ment (#), n. [Cf.
F. apportionnement, LL.
apportionamentum.] The act of apportioning;
a dividing into just proportions or shares; a division or shares;
a division and assignment, to each proprietor, of his just
portion of an undivided right or property.
A. Hamilton.
Ap*pose" (#), v. t. [F.
apposer to set to; / (L. ad) +
poser to put, place. See Pose.]
1. To place opposite or before; to put or apply
(one thing to another).
The nymph herself did then appose,
For food and beverage, to him all best meat.
Chapman.
2. To place in juxtaposition or proximity.
Ap*pose", v. t. [For oppose.
See Oppose.] To put questions to; to examine;
to try. [Obs.] See Pose.
To appose him without any accuser, and that
secretly.
Tyndale.
Ap*posed" (#), a. Placed in
apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's
beak.
Ap*pos"er (#), n. An examiner;
one whose business is to put questions. Formerly, in the English
Court of Exchequer, an officer who audited the sheriffs'
accounts.
Ap"po*site (#), a. [L.
appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put
to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very
applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; --
followed by to; as, this argument is very
apposite to the case. --
Ap"po*site*ly, adv. --
Ap"po*site*ness, n.
Ap`po*si"tion (#), n. [L.
appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F.
apposition. See Apposite.] 1.
The act of adding; application; accretion.
It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter.
Arbuthnot.
2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side
by side; also, the condition of being so placed.
3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or
pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between
them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second
noun explains or characterizes the first.
Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a
mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which
nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of
an organ into solid unorganized substance.
Ap`po*si"tion*al (#), a.
Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition
syntactically.
Ellicott.
Ap*pos"i*tive (#), a. Of or
relating to apposition; in apposition. --
n. A noun in apposition. --
Ap*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.
Appositive to the words going immediately
before.
Knatchbull.
Ap*prais"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being appraised.
Ap*prais"al (#), n. [See
Appraise. Cf. Apprizal.] A valuation
by an authorized person; an appraisement.
Ap*praise" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appraised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Appraising.] [Pref. ad- +
praise. See Praise, Price,
Apprize, Appreciate.] 1. To
set a value; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons
appointed for the purpose; as, to appraise goods and
chattels.
2. To estimate; to conjecture.
Enoch . . . appraised his weight.
Tennyson.
3. To praise; to commend. [Obs.]
R. Browning.
Appraised the Lycian custom.
Tennyson.
apprize.
Ap*praise"ment (#), n. [See
Appraise. Cf. Apprizement.] The act
of setting the value; valuation by an appraiser; estimation of
worth.
Ap*prais"er (#), n. [See
Appraise, Apprizer.] One who
appraises; esp., a person appointed and sworn to estimate and fix
the value of goods or estates.
Ap`pre*ca"tion, n. [L.
apprecari to pray to; ad + precari to pray,
prex, precis, prayer.] Earnest
prayer; devout wish. [Obs.]
A solemn apprecation of good success.
Bp. Hall.
Ap"pre*ca*to*ry (#), a. Praying
or wishing good.
[Obs.]\'bdApprecatory benedictions.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Ap*pre"ci*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
appr\'82ciable.] Capable of being
appreciated or estimated; large enough to be estimated;
perceptible; as, an appreciable quantity.
-- Ap*pre"ci*a*bly,
adv.
Ap*pre"ci*ant (#), a.
Appreciative. [R.]
Ap*pre"ci*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appreciated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appreciating.] [L.
appretiatus, p. p. of appretiare to value
at a price, appraise; ad + pretiare to prize,
pretium price. Cf. Appraise.]
1. To set a price or value on; to estimate justly;
to value.
To appreciate the motives of their enemies.
Gibbon.
3. To raise the value of; to increase the market
price of; -- opposed to depreciate.
[U.S.]
Lest a sudden peace should appreciate the
money.
Ramsay.
4. To be sensible of; to distinguish.
To test the power of b//s to appreciate
color.
Lubbock.
Syn. -- To Appreciate, Estimate,
Esteem. Estimate is an act of
judgment; esteem is an act of valuing or prizing, and
when applied to individuals, denotes a sentiment of moral
approbation. See Estimate. Appreciate lies
between the two. As compared with estimate, it
supposes a union of sensibility with judgment, producing a nice
and delicate perception. As compared with esteem, it
denotes a valuation of things according to their appropriate and
distinctive excellence, and not simply their moral worth. Thus,
with reference to the former of these (delicate perception), an
able writer says. \'bdWomen have a truer appreciation
of character than men;\'b8 and another remarks, \'bdIt is
difficult to appreciate the true force and distinctive
sense of terms which we are every day using.\'b8 So, also, we
speak of the difference between two things, as sometimes hardly
appreciable. With reference to the latter of these
(that of valuation as the result of a nice perception), we say,
\'bdIt requires a peculiar cast of character to
appreciate the poetry of Wordsworth;\'b8 \'bdHe who
has no delicacy himself, can not appreciate it in
others;\'b8 \'bdThe thought of death is salutary, because it
leads us to appreciate worldly things aright.\'b8
Appreciate is much used in cases where something is in
danger of being overlooked or undervalued; as when we speak of
appreciating the difficulties of a subject, or the
risk of an undertaking. So Lord Plunket, referring to an
\'bdominous silence\'b8 which prevailed among the Irish
peasantry, says, \'bdIf you knew now to appreciate
that silence, it is more formidable than the most clamorous
opposition.\'b8 In like manner, a person who asks some favor of
another is apt to say, \'bdI trust you will appreciate
my motives in this request.\'b8 Here we have the key to a very
frequent use of the word. It is hardly necessary to say that
appreciate looks on the favorable side of things. we
never speak of appreciating a man's faults, but his
merits. This idea of regarding things favorably appears more
fully in the word appreciative; as when we speak of an
appreciative audience, or an appreciative
review, meaning one that manifests a quick perception and a ready
valuation of excellence.
Ap*pre"ci*ate, v. i. To rise in value.
[See note under Rise, v. i.]
J. Morse.
Ap*pre"ci*a`ting*ly (#), adv.
In an appreciating manner; with appreciation.
Ap*pre`ci*a"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. appr\'82ciation.] 1. A just
valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition
of excellence.
2. Accurate perception; true estimation; as, an
appreciation of the difficulties before us; an
appreciation of colors.
His foreboding showed his appreciation of Henry's
character.
J. R. Green.
3. A rise in value; -- opposed to
depreciation.
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive (#), a. Having
or showing a just or ready appreciation or perception; as, an
appreciative audience. --
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ly,
adv.
Ap*pre"ci*a*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being appreciative; quick recognition of excellence.
Ap*pre"ci*a`tor (#), n. One who
appreciates.
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ry (#), a.
Showing appreciation; appreciative; as,
appreciatory commendation. --
Ap*pre"ci*a*to*ri*ly (#),
adv.
<-- p. 74 -->
Ap`pre*hend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Apprehended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Apprehending.] [L.
apprehendere; ad + prehendere to lay hold
of, seize; prae before + -hendere (used
only in comp.); akin to Gr. / to hold, contain, and E.
get: cf. F. appr\'82hender. See
Prehensile, Get.] 1. To
take or seize; to take hold of. [Archaic]
We have two hands to apprehended it.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Hence: To take or seize (a person) by legal
process; to arrest; as, to apprehend a
criminal.
3. To take hold of with the understanding, that is,
to conceive in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand;
to recognize; to consider.
This suspicion of Earl Reimund, though at first but a buzz,
soon got a sting in the king's head, and he violently
apprehended it.
Fuller.
The eternal laws, such as the heroic age
apprehended them.
Gladstone.
4. To know or learn with certainty.
[Obs.]
G. You are too much distrustful of my truth.
E. Then you must give me leave to apprehend
The means and manner how.
Beau. & Fl.
5. To anticipate; esp., to anticipate with anxiety,
dread, or fear; to fear.
The opposition had more reason than the king to
apprehend violence.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To catch; seize; arrest; detain; capture; conceive;
understand; imagine; believe; fear; dread. -- To
Apprehend, Comprehend. These words come into
comparison as describing acts of the mind. Apprehend
denotes the laying hold of a thing mentally, so as to
understand it clearly, at least in part. Comprehend
denotes the embracing or understanding it in all its compass and
extent. We may apprehended many truths which we do not
comprehend. The very idea of God supposes that he may
be apprehended, though not comprehended, by
rational beings. \'bdWe may apprehended much of
Shakespeare's aim and intention in the character of Hamlet or
King Lear; but few will claim that they have
comprehended all that is embraced in these
characters.\'b8
Trench.
Ap`pre*hend", v. i. 1. To
think, believe, or be of opinion; to understand; to
suppose.
2. To be apprehensive; to fear.
It is worse to apprehend than to suffer.
Rowe.
Ap`pre*hend"er (#), n. One who
apprehends.
Ap`pre*hen`si*bi"i*ty (#), n.
The quality of being apprehensible. [R.]
De Quincey.
Ap`pre*hen"si*ble (#), a. [L.
apprehensibilis. See Apprehend.]
Capable of being apprehended or conceived.
\'bdApprehensible by faith.\'b8 Bp. Hall. --
Ap`*pre*hen"si*bly,
adv.
Ap`pre*hen"sion (#), n. [L.
apprehensio: cf. F. appr\'82hension. See
Apprehend.] 1. The act of seizing or
taking hold of; seizure; as, the hand is an organ of
apprehension.
Sir T. Browne.
2. The act of seizing or taking by legal process;
arrest; as, the felon, after his apprehension,
escaped.
3. The act of grasping with the intellect; the
contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing
any judgment; intellection; perception.
Simple apprehension denotes no more than the soul's
naked intellection of an object.
Glanvill.
4. Opinion; conception; sentiment; idea.
apprehension, the facts prove the issue.
To false, and to be thought false, is all one in respect of
men, who act not according to truth, but
apprehension.
South.
5. The faculty by which ideas are conceived;
understanding; as, a man of dull
apprehension.
6. Anticipation, mostly of things unfavorable;
distrust or fear at the prospect of future evil.
After the death of his nephew Caligula, Claudius was in no
small apprehension for his own life.
Addison.
Syn. -- Apprehension, Alarm.
Apprehension springs from a sense of danger when
somewhat remote, but approaching; alarm arises from
danger when announced as near at hand. Apprehension is
calmer and more permanent; alarm is more agitating and
transient.
Ap`pre*hen"sive (#), a. [Cf. F.
appr\'82hensif. See Apprehend.]
1. Capable of apprehending, or quick to do so; apt;
discerning.
It may be pardonable to imagine that a friend, a kind and
apprehensive . . . friend, is listening to our
talk.
Hawthorne.
2. Knowing; conscious; cognizant.
[R.]
A man that has spent his younger years in vanity and folly,
and is, by the grace of God, apprehensive of it.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Relating to the faculty of apprehension.
Judgment . . . is implied in every apprehensive
act.
Sir W. Hamilton.
4. Anticipative of something unfavorable' fearful
of what may be coming; in dread of possible harm; in expectation
of evil.
Not at all apprehensive of evils as a distance.
Tillotson.
Reformers . . . apprehensive for their lives.
Gladstone.
5. Sensible; feeling; perceptive.
[R.]
Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings,
Mangle my apprehensive, tenderest parts.
Milton.
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ly, adv. In an
apprehensive manner; with apprehension of danger.
Ap`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. The quality or
state of being apprehensive.
Ap*pren"tice (#), n. [OE.
apprentice, prentice, OF.
aprentis, nom. of aprentif, fr.
apprendare to learn, L. apprendere, equiv.
to apprehendere, to take hold of (by the mind), to
comprehend. See Apprehend, Prentice.]
1. One who is bound by indentures or by legal
agreement to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain
time, with a view to learn the art, or trade, in which his master
is bound to instruct him.
2. One not well versed in a subject; a tyro.
3. (Old law) A barrister, considered a
learner of law till of sixteen years' standing, when he might be
called to the rank of serjeant. [Obs.]
Blackstone.
Ap*pren"tice, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Apprenticed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprenticing.] To bind to, or put under
the care of, a master, for the purpose of instruction in a trade
or business.
Ap*pren"tice*age, n. [F.
apprentissage.] Apprenticeship.
[Obs.]
Ap*pren"tice*hood, n.
Apprenticeship. [Obs.]
Ap*pren"tice*ship, n. 1. The
service or condition of an apprentice; the state in which a
person is gaining instruction in a trade or art, under legal
agreement.
2. The time an apprentice is serving (sometimes
seven years, as from the age of fourteen to twenty-one).
{ Ap*pressed", Ap*prest" },
a. [p. p. appress, which is not in
use. See Adpress.] (Bot.) Pressed
close to, or lying against, something for its whole length, as
against a stem,
Gray.
Ap*prise", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Apprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Apprising.] [F. appris, fem.
apprise, p. p. apprendre to learn, to
teach, to inform. Cf. Apprehend,
Apprentice.] To give notice, verbal or
written; to inform; -- followed by of; as, we will
apprise the general of an intended attack; he
apprised the commander of what he had done.
Ap*prise", n. Notice; information.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Ap*priz"al, n. See
Appraisal.
Ap*prize", v. t. [The same as
Appraise, only more accommodated to the English form of
the L. pretiare.] To appraise; to value; to
appreciate.
Ap*prize"ment, n. Appraisement.
Ap*priz"er, n. 1. An
appraiser.
2. (Scots Law) A creditor for whom an
appraisal is made.
Sir W. Scott.
Ap*proach", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Approached; p. pr. & vb. n.
Approaching.] [OE.
approchen, aprochen, OF.
approcher, LL. appropriare, fr. L. ad
+ propiare to draw near, prope near.]
1. To come or go near, in place or time; to draw
nigh; to advance nearer.
Wherefore approached ye so nigh unto the city?
2 Sam. xi. 20.
But exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the
day approaching.
Heb. x. 25.
2. To draw near, in a figurative sense; to make
advances; to approximate; as, he approaches to the
character of the ablest statesman.
Ap*proach", v. t. 1. To bring
near; to cause to draw near; to advance.
[Archaic]
Boyle.
2. To come near to in place, time, or character; to
draw nearer to; as, to approach the city; to
approach my cabin; he approached the age of
manhood.
He was an admirable poet, and thought even to have
approached Homer.
Temple.
3. (Mil.) To take approaches to.
Ap*proach", n. [Cf. F.
approche. See Approach, v.
i.] 1. The act of drawing near; a
coming or advancing near. \'bdThe approach of
summer.\'b8
Horsley.
A nearer approach to the human type.
Owen.
2. A access, or opportunity of drawing near.
The approach to kings and principal persons.
Bacon.
3. pl. Movements to gain favor;
advances.
4. A way, passage, or avenue by which a place or
buildings can be approached; an access.
Macaulay.
5. pl. (Fort.) The advanced
works, trenches, or covered roads made by besiegers in their
advances toward a fortress or military post.
6. (Hort.) See
Approaching.
Ap*proach`a*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The quality of being approachable; approachableness.
Ap*proach"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being approached; accessible; as, approachable
virtue.
Ap*proach"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being approachable; accessibility.
Ap*proach"er (#), n. One who
approaches.
Ap*proach"ing, n. (Hort.) The
act of ingrafting a sprig or shoot of one tree into another,
without cutting it from the parent stock; -- called, also,
inarching and grafting by approach.
Ap*proach"less, a. Impossible to be
approached.
Ap*proach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
approachement.] Approach.
[Archaic]
Holland.
Ap"pro*bate (#), a. [L.
approbatus, p. p. of approbare to
approve.] Approved. [Obs.]
Elyot.
Ap"pro*bate (#), v. t. To
express approbation of; to approve; to sanction officially.
I approbate the one, I reprobate the other.
Sir W. Hamilton.
license; as, a person is
approbated to preach; approbated to keep a
public house.
Pickering (1816).
Ap`pro*ba"tion (#), n. [L.
approbatio: cf. F. approbation. See
Approve to prove.] 1. Proof;
attestation. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. The act of approving; an assenting to the
propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or
satisfaction; approval; sanction; commendation.
Many . . . joined in a loud hum of approbation.
Macaulay.
The silent approbation of one's own breast.
Melmoth.
Animals . . . love approbation or praise.
Darwin.
3. Probation or novitiate.
[Obs.]
This day my sister should the cloister enter,
And there receive her approbation.
Shak.
Syn. -- Approval; liking; sanction; consent;
concurrence. -- Approbation,
Approval. Approbation and approval
have the same general meaning, assenting to or declaring as good,
sanction, commendation; but approbation is stronger
and more positive. \'bdWe may be anxious for the
approbation of our friends; but we should be still
more anxious for the approval of our own
consciences.\'b8 \'bdHe who is desirous to obtain universal
approbation will learn a good lesson from the fable of
the old man and his ass.\'b8 \'bdThe work has been examined by
several excellent judges, who have expressed their unqualified
approval of its plan and execution.\'b8
Ap"pro*ba*tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
approbatif.] Approving, or implying
approbation.
Milner.
Ap"pro*ba*tive*ness, n. 1. The
quality of being approbative.
2. (Phren.) Love of approbation.
Ap"pro*ba`tor (#), n.
[L.] One who approves. [R.]
Ap"pro*ba`to*ry (#), a.
Containing or expressing approbation; commendatory.
Sheldon.
Ap*promt" (?; 215), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + promt.] To
quicken; to prompt. [Obs.]
To appromt our invention.
Bacon.
Ap*proof" (#), n. [See
Approve, and Proof.] 1.
Trial; proof. [Archaic]
Shak.
2. Approval; commendation.
Shak.
Ap`pro*pin"quate (#), v. i. [L.
appropinquatus, p. p. of appropinquare;
ad + prope near.] To approach.
[Archaic]
Ld. Lytton.
Ap`pro*pin*qua"tion (#), n. [L.
appropinquatio.] A drawing nigh;
approach. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Ap`pro*pin"qui*ty (#), n.
[Pref. ad- + propinquity.]
Nearness; propinquity. [R.]
J. Gregory.
Ap*pro"pre (#), v. t. [OE.
appropren, apropren, OF.
approprier, fr. L. appropriare. See
Appropriate.] To appropriate.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Ap*pro"pri*a*ble (#), a. [See
Appropriate.] Capable of being appropriated,
set apart, sequestered, or assigned exclusively to a particular
use.
Sir T. Browne.
Ap*pro"pri*a*ment (#), n. What
is peculiarly one's own; peculiar
qualification.[Obs.]
If you can neglect
Your own appropriaments.
Ford.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), a. [L.
appropriatus, p. p. of appropriare; ad
+ propriare to appropriate, fr. proprius one's
own, proper. See Proper.] Set apart for a
particular use or person. Hence: Belonging peculiarly; peculiar;
suitable; fit; proper.
In its strict and appropriate meaning.
Porteus.
Appropriate acts of divine worship.
Stillingfleet.
It is not at all times easy to find words
appropriate to express our ideas.
Locke.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Appropriated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Appropriating
(#).] 1. To take to one's self
in exclusion of others; to claim or use as by an exclusive right;
as, let no man appropriate the use of a common
benefit.
2. To set apart for, or assign to, a particular
person or use, in exclusion of all others; -- with to
or for; as, a spot of ground is
appropriated for a garden; to appropriate money
for the increase of the navy.
3. To make suitable; to suit.
[Archaic]
Paley.
4. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To annex, as a
benefice, to a spiritual corporation, as its property.
Blackstone.
Ap*pro"pri*ate (#), n. A
property; attribute. [Obs.]
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. In an
appropriate or proper manner; fitly; properly.
Ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being appropriate; peculiar fitness.
Froude.
Ap*pro`pri*a"tion (#), n. [L.
appropriatio: cf. F. appropriation.]
1. The act of setting apart or assigning to a
particular use or person, or of taking to one's self, in
exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose,
as of a piece of ground for a park, or of money to carry out some
object.
2. Anything, especially money, thus set
apart.
The Commons watched carefully over the
appropriation.
Macaulay.
3. (Law) (a) The severing or
sequestering of a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiritual
corporation. Blackstone. (b) The
application of payment of money by a debtor to his creditor, to
one of several debts which are due from the former to the
latter.
Chitty.
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive (#), a.
Appropriating; making, or tending to, appropriation; as,
an appropriative act. --
Ap*pro"pri*a*tive*ness,
n.
Ap*pro"pri*a`tor (#), n. 1.
One who appropriates.
2. (Law) A spiritual corporation
possessed of an appropriated benefice; also, an
impropriator.
Ap*prov"a*ble (#), a. Worthy of
being approved; meritorious. --
Ap*prov"a*ble*ness, n.
Ap*prov"al (#), n. Approbation;
sanction.
A censor . . . without whose approval n/ capital
sentences are to be executed.
Temple.
Syn. -- See Approbation.
Ap*prov"ance (#), n.
Approval. [Archaic]
Thomson.
Ap*prove" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Approved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Approving.] [OE. aproven,
appreven, to prove, OF. aprover, F.
approuver, to approve, fr. L. approbare;
ad + probare to esteem as good, approve, prove. See
Prove, and cf. Approbate.] 1.
To show to be real or true; to prove.
[Obs.]
Wouldst thou approve thy constancy?
Approve
First thy obedience.
Milton.
2. To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or
show practically.
Opportunities to approve . . . worth.
Emerson.
He had approved himself a great warrior.
Macaulay.
'T is an old lesson; Time approves it true.
Byron.
His account . . . approves him a man of
thought.
Parkman.
3. To sanction officially; to ratify; to confirm;
as, to approve the decision of a
court-martial.
4. To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased
with; to think well of; as, we approve the measured
of the administration.
5. To make or show to be worthy of approbation or
acceptance.
The first care and concern must be to approve
himself to God.
Rog///.
to be pleased
with, to think favorably (of), is
often followed by of.
They had not approved of the deposition of
James.
Macaulay.
They approved of the political institutions.
W. Black.
<-- p. 75 -->
Ap*prove" (#), v. t. [OF.
aprouer; / (L. ad) + a form
apparently derived fr. the pro, prod, in L.
prodest it is useful or profitable, properly the
preposition pro for. Cf. Improve.]
(Eng. Law) To make profit of; to convert to one's
own profit; said esp. of waste or common land appropriated by the
lord of the manor.
Ap*prov"ed*ly (#), adv. So as
to secure approbation; in an approved manner.
Ap*prove"ment (#), n.
[Obs.] 1. Approbation.
I did nothing without your approvement.
Hayward.
2. (Eng. Law) a confession of guilt by a
prisoner charged with treason or felony, together with an
accusation of his accomplish and a giving evidence against them
in order to obtain his own pardon. The term is no longer in use;
it corresponded to what is now known as turning king's
(or queen's) evidence in England, and
state's evidence in the United States.
Burrill. Bouvier.
Ap*prove"ment, n. (Old Eng. Law)
Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and converting
them to the uses of husbandry for the advantage of the lord of
the manor.
Blackstone.
Ap*prov"er (#), n. 1.
One who approves. Formerly, one who made proof or
trial.
2. An informer; an accuser.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. (Eng. Law) One who confesses a crime
and accuses another. See 1st Approvement,
2.
Ap*prov"er, n. [See 2d Approve,
v. t.] (Eng. Law) A bailiff or
steward; an agent. [Obs.]
Jacobs.
Ap*prov"ing, a. Expressing approbation;
commending; as, an approving smile. --
Ap*prov"ing*ly, adv.
Ap*prox"i*mate (#), a. [L.
approximatus, p. p. of approximare to
approach; ad + proximare to come near. See
Proximate.] 1. Approaching;
proximate; nearly resembling.
2. Near correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly
accurate; as, approximate results or
values.
Approximate quantities (Math.),
those which are nearly, but not, equal.
Ap*prox"i*mate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Approximated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Approximating.] 1. To carry or
advance near; to cause to approach.
To approximate the inequality of riches to the
level of nature.
Burke.
2. To come near to; to approach.
The telescope approximates perfection.
J. Morse.
Ap*prox"i*mate, v. i. To draw; to
approach.
Ap*prox"i*mate*ly (#), adv.
With approximation; so as to approximate; nearly.
Ap*prox`i*ma"tion (#). n. [Cf.
F. approximation, LL. approximatio.]
1. The act of approximating; a drawing, advancing
or being near; approach; also, the result of approximating.
The largest capacity and the most noble dispositions are but
an approximation to the proper standard and true
symmetry of human nature.
I. Taylor.
2. An approach to a correct estimate, calculation,
or conception, or to a given quantity, quality, etc.
3. (Math.) (a) A continual
approach or coming nearer to a result; as, to solve an
equation by approximation. (b)
A value that is nearly but not exactly correct.
Ap*prox"i*ma*tive (#), a. [Cf.
F. approximatif.] Approaching;
approximate. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ly,
adv. -- Ap*prox"i*ma*tive*ness,
n.
Ap*prox"i*ma`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, approximates.
\'d8Ap`pui" (#), n. [F., fr. L.
ad + podium foothold, Gr. /, dim. of /, /,
foot.] A support or supporter; a stay; a prop.
[Obs.]
If a be to climb trees that are of any great height, there
would be stays and appuies set to it.
Holland.
Point d'appui (#). [F., a point of
support.] (Mil.) (a) A given point
or body, upon which troops are formed, or by which are marched in
line or column. (b) An advantageous defensive
support, as a castle, morass, wood, declivity, etc.
Ap"pulse (?; 277), n. [L.
appulsus, fr. appellere,
appulsum, to drive to; ad + pellere to
drive: cf. F. appulse.] 1. A
driving or running towards; approach; impulse; also, the act of
striking against.
In all consonants there is an appulse of the
organs.
Holder.
2. (Astron.) The near approach of one
heavenly body to another, or to the meridian; a coming into
conjunction; as, the appulse of the moon to a star,
or of a star to the meridian.
Ap*pul"sion (#), n. A driving
or striking against; an appulse.
Ap*pul"sive (#), a. Striking
against; impinging; as, the appulsive influence of
the planets.
P. Cyc.
Ap*pul"sive*ly, adv. By appulsion.
Ap*pur"te*nance (#), n. [OF.
apurtenaunce, apartenance, F.
appartenance, LL. appartenentia, from L.
appertinere. See Appertain.] That
which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an
accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in
common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to
another thing as principal, and which passes as incident to it,
as a right of way, or other easement to land; a right of common
to pasture, an outhouse, barn, garden, or orchard, to a house or
messuage. In a strict legal sense, land can never pass as an
appurtenance to land.
Tomlins. Bouvier. Burrill.
Globes . . . provided as appurtenances to
astronomy.
Bacon.
The structure of the eye, and of its
appurtenances.
Reid.
Ap*pur"te*nant (#), a. [F.
appartenant, p. pr. of appartenir. See
Appurtenance.] Annexed or pertaining to some
more important thing; accessory; incident; as, a right of way
appurtenant to land or buildings.
Blackstone.
Common appurtenatn. (Law) See under
Common, n.
Ap*pur"te*nant, n, Something which
belongs or appertains to another thing; an appurtenance.
Mysterious appurtenants and symbols of
redemption.
Coleridge.
Ap"ri*cate (#), v. t. & i. [L.
apricatus, p. p. of apricare, fr.
apricus exposed to the sun, fr. aperire to
uncover, open.] To bask in the sun.
Boyle.
Ap`ri*ca"tion, n. Basking in the
sun. [R.]
A"pri*cot, n. [OE. apricock,
abricot, F. abricot, fr. Sp.
albaricoque or Pg. albricoque, fr. Ar.
albirq/q, al-burq/q. Though
the E. and F. form abricot is derived from the Arabic
through the Spanish, yet the Arabic word itself was formed from
the Gr. /, pl. (Diosc. c. 1000) fr. L. praecoquus,
praecox, early ripe. The older E. form
apricock was prob. taken direct from Pg. See
Precocious, Cook.] (Bot.)
A fruit allied to the plum, of an orange color, oval shape,
and delicious taste; also, the tree (Prunus Armeniaca of
Linn\'91us) which bears this fruit. By cultivation it has
been introduced throughout the temperate zone.
A"pril (#), n. [L.
Aprilis. OE. also Averil, F.
Avril, fr. L. Aprilis.] 1.
The fourth month of the year.
2. Fig.: With reference to April being the month in
which vegetation begins to put forth, the variableness of its
weather, etc.
The April's her eyes; it is love's spring.
Shak.
April fool, one who is sportively imposed upon
by others on the first day of April.
\'d8A` pri*o"ri (#). [L. a
(ab) + prior former.] 1.
(Logic) Characterizing that kind of reasoning
which deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles
assumed, or which infers effects from causes previously known;
deductive or deductively. The reverse of a
posteriori.
3. (Philos.) Applied to knowledge and
conceptions assumed, or presupposed, as prior to experience, in
order to make experience rational or possible.
A priori, that is, form these necessities of the
mind or forms of thinking, which, though first revealed to us by
experience, must yet have pre\'89xisted in order to make
experience possible.
Coleridge.
A`pri*o"rism (#), n. [Cf. F.
apriorisme.] An a priori
principle.
A`pri*or"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being innate in the mind, or prior to experience;
a priori reasoning.
\'d8A*proc"ta (#), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + / anus.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of Turbellaria in which there is no anal aperture.
A*proc"tous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without an anal office.
A"pron (?; 277), n. [OE.
napron, OF. naperon, F.
napperon, dim. of OF. nape, F.
nappe, cloth, tablecloth, LL. napa, fr. L.
mappa, napkin, table napkin. See Map.]
1. An article of dress, of cloth, leather, or other
stuff, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes
clean, to defend them from injury, or as a covering. It is
commonly tied at the waist by strings.
2. Something which by its shape or use suggests an
apron; as, (a) The fat skin covering the belly of a
goose or duck. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell. (b) A piece of leather, or
other material, to be spread before a person riding on an outside
seat of a vehicle, to defend him from the rain, snow, or dust; a
boot. \'bdThe weather being too hot for the
apron.\'b8 Hughes. (c)
(Gun.) A leaden plate that covers the vent of a
cannon. (d) (Shipbuilding) A piece
of carved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel.
Totten. (e) A platform, or flooring of
plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates
are shut. (f) A flooring of plank before a
dam to cause the water to make a gradual descent.
(g) (Mech.) The piece that holds the
cutting tool of a planer. (h)
(Plumbing) A strip of lead which leads the drip
of a wall into a gutter; a flashing. (i)
(Zo\'94l.) The infolded abdomen of a crab.
A"proned (#), a. Wearing an
apron.
A cobbler aproned, and a parson gowned.
Pope.
A"pron*ful (#), n.; pl.
Apronfuls (#). The quality an
apron can hold.
A"pron*less, a. Without an apron.
A"pron man` (#). A man who wears an apron;
a laboring man; a mechanic. [Obs.]
Shak.
A"pron string` (#). The string of an
apron.
To be tied to a wife's or mother's
apron strings, to be unduly controlled by a wife
or mother.
He was so made that he could not submit to be tied to the
apron strings even of the best of wives.
Macaulay.
Ap"ro*sos` (#), a. & adv. [F.
/ propos; / (L. ad) + propos purpose,
L. proposium plan, purpose, fr. proponere
to propose. See Propound.] 1.
Opportunely or opportune; seasonably or seasonable.
A tale extremely apropos.
Pope.
2. By the way; to the purpose; suitably to the
place or subject; -- a word used to introduce an incidental
observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly
belonging to the narration.
Apse (#), n.; pl. Apses
(#). [See Apsis.] 1.
(Arch.) (a) A projecting part of a
building, esp. of a church, having in the plan a polygonal or
semicircular termination, and, most often, projecting from the
east end. In early churches the Eastern apse was occupied by
seats for the bishop and clergy. Hence: (b)
The bishop's seat or throne, in ancient churches.
2. A reliquary, or case in which the relics of
saints were kept.
apsis and
absis.
Ap"si*dal (#), a. 1.
(Astron.) Of or pertaining to the apsides of an
orbit.
2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the apse
of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the
chancel.
Ap"si*des (#), n. pl. See
Apsis.
\'d8Ap"sis (#), n.; pl.
Apsides (#). See Apse. [L.
apsis, absis, Gr. /, /, a tying,
fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault,
fr. / to fasten.] 1. (Astron.)
One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or
satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the
central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a
planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more
distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the
lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line
of apsides.
2. (Math.) In a curve referred to polar
co\'94rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a
maximum or minimum.
3. (Arch.) Same as Apse.
Apt (#), a [F. apte,
L. aptus, fr. obsolete apere to fasten, to
join, to fit, akin to apisci to reach, attain: cf. Gr.
/ to fasten, Skr. \'bepta fit, fr. \'bep
to reach attain.]
1. Fit or fitted; suited; suitable;
appropriate.
They have always apt instruments.
Burke.
A river . . . apt to be forded by a lamb.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Having an habitual tendency; habitually liable
or likely; -- used of things.
My vines and peaches . . . were apt to have a soot
or smuttiness upon their leaves and fruit.
Temple.
This tree, if unprotected, is apt to be stripped of
the leaves by a leaf-cutting ant.
Lubbock.
3. Inclined; disposed customarily; given; ready; --
used of persons.
Apter to give than thou wit be to ask.
Beau. & Fl.
That lofty pity with which prosperous folk are apt
to remember their grandfathers.
F. Harrison.
4. Ready; especially fitted or qualified (to do
something); quick to learn; prompt; expert; as, a pupil
apt to learn; an apt scholar. \'bdAn
apt wit.\'b8
Johnson.
Live a thousand years,
I shall not find myself so apt to die.
Shak.
I find thee apt . . . Now, Hamlet, hear.
Shak.
Syn. -- Fit; meet; suitable; qualified; inclined; disposed;
liable; ready; quick; prompt.
Apt, v. t. [L. aptare. See
Aptate.] To fit; to suit; to adapt.
[Obs.] \'bd To apt their places.\'b8
B. Jonson.
That our speech be apted to edification.
Jer. Taylor.
Apt"a*ble (#), a. [LL.
aptabilis, fr. L. aptare.]
Capable of being adapted. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Ap"tate (#), v. t. [L.
aptatus, p. p. of aptare. See
Apt.] To make fit. [Obs.]
Bailey
\'d8Ap"te*ra (#), n. pl. [NL.
aptera, fr. Gr. / without wings; / priv. + /
wing, / to fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Insects
without wings, constituting the seventh Linn\'91n order of
insects, an artificial group, which included Crustacea, spiders,
centipeds, and even worms. These animals are now placed in
several distinct classes and orders.
Ap"ter*al (#), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Apterous.
2. (Arch.) Without lateral columns; --
applied to buildings which have no series of columns along their
sides, but are either prostyle or amphiprostyle, and opposed to
peripteral.
R. Cyc.
Ap"ter*an (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Aptera.
\'d8Ap*te"ri*a (#), n. pl. [NL.
See Aptera.] (Zo\'94l.) Naked
spaces between the feathered areas of birds. See
Pteryli\'91.
Ap"ter*ous (#), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of wings; apteral; as,
apterous insects.
2. (Bot.) Destitute of winglike
membranous expansions, as a stem or petiole; -- opposed to
atate.
\'d8Ap*ter"y*ges (#), n. pl.
[NL. See Apteryx.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of birds, including the genus Apteryx.
\'d8Ap"te*ryx (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + / wing. Cf. Aptera.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of New Zealand birds about the
size of a hen, with only short rudiments of wings, armed with a
claw and without a tail; the kiwi. It is allied to the gigantic
extinct moas of the same country. Five species are known.
Apt"i*tude (#), n. [F.
aptitude, LL. aptitudo, fr. L.
aptus. See Apt, and cf.
Attitude.] 1. A natural or acquired
disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to
a particular action or effect; as, oil has an
aptitude to burn.
He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the
management of irregular troops.
Macaulay.
2. A general fitness or suitableness;
adaptation.
That sociable and helpful aptitude which God
implanted between man and woman.
Milton.
3. Readiness in learning; docility; aptness.
He was a boy of remarkable aptitude.
Macaulay.
Apt`i*tu"di*nal (#), a.
Suitable; fit. [Obs.]
Apt"ly (#), adv. In an apt or
suitable manner; fitly; properly; pertinently; appropriately;
readily.
Apt"ness, n. 1. Fitness;
suitableness; appropriateness; as, the aptness of
things to their end.
The aptness of his quotations.
J. R. Green.
<-- p. 76 -->
2. Disposition of the mind; propensity; as, the
aptness of men to follow example.
3. Quickness of apprehension; readiness in
learning; docility; as, an aptness to learn is more
observable in some children than in others.
4. Proneness; tendency; as, the
aptness of iron to rust.
Ap"tote (#), n. [L.
aptotum, Gr. / indeclinable; / priv. + / fallen,
declined, / to fall.] (Gram.) A noun
which has no distinction of cases; an indeclinable noun.
Ap*tot"ic (#), a. Pertaining
to, or characterized by, aptotes; uninflected; as,
aptotic languages.
\'d8Ap"ty*chus (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / priv. + /, /, fold.] (Zo\'94l.)
A shelly plate found in the terminal chambers of ammonite
shells. Some authors consider them to be jaws; others,
opercula.
\'d8A"pus (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/. See Apode, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water phyllopod
crustaceans. See Phyllopod.
Ap`y*ret"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a/ not + pyretic.]
(Med.) Without fever; -- applied to days when
there is an intermission of fever.
Dunglison.
{ \'d8Ap`y*rex"i*a (#),
Ap`y*rex`y (#), } n. [NL.
apyrexia, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / to be feverish,
fr. / fire: cf. F. apyrexie.]
(Med.) The absence or intermission of
fever.
Ap`y*rex"i*al (#), a.
(Med.) Relating to apyrexy.
\'bdApyrexial period.\'b8
Brande & C.
Ap"y*rous (#), a. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / fire.] Incombustible; capable of
sustaining a strong heat without alteration of form or
properties.
\'d8A"qua (#), n. [L. See
Ewer.] Water; -- a word much used in pharmacy
and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by
the word or words annexed.
Aqua ammoni\'91, the aqueous solution of
ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua
ammonia. -- Aqua marine (#),
or Aqua marina (#). Same as
Aquamarine. -- Aqua regia (#).
[L., royal water] (Chem.), a very
corrosive fuming yellow liquid consisting of nitric and
hydrochloric acids. It has the power of dissolving gold, the
\'bdroyal\'b8 metal. -- Aqua Tofana (#),
a fluid containing arsenic, and used for secret poisoning,
made by an Italian woman named Tofana, in the middle of
the 17th century, who is said to have poisoned more than 600
persons. Francis. -- Aqua vit\'91
(#) [L., water of life. Cf. Eau de vie,
Usquebaugh], a name given to brandy and some
other ardent spirits.
Shak.
\'d8A`qua for"tis (#). [L., strong
water.] (Chem.) Nitric acid.
[Archaic]
A`qua*ma*rine" (#), n.
(Min.) A transparent, pale green variety of
beryl, used as a gem. See Beryl.
A`qua*punc"ture (#), n. [L.
aqua water, + punctura puncture,
pungere, punctum, to, prick.]
(Med.) The introduction of water subcutaneously
for the relief of pain.
\'d8Aq`ua*relle" (#), n. [F.,
fr. Ital acquerello, fr. acqua water, L.
aqua.] A design or painting in thin
transparent water colors; also, the mode of painting in such
colors.
Aq`ua*rel"list (#), n. A
painter in thin transparent water colors.
{ A*qua"ri*al (#), A*qua"ri*an
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to an
aquarium.
A*qua"ri*an, n. [L. (assumed)
Aquarianus, fr. aqua: cf. F.
Aquarien. See Aqua.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of a sect of Christian in the primitive
church who used water instead of wine in the Lord's Supper.
A*qua"ri*um (#), n.; pl. E.
Aquariums (#), L. Aquaria
(#). [L. See Aquarius,
Ewer.] An artificial pond, or a globe or tank
(usually with glass sides), in which living specimens of aquatic
animals or plants are kept.
\'d8A*qua"ri*us (#), n. [L.
aquarius, adj., relating to water, and n., a
water-carrier, fr. aqua. See Aqua.]
(Astron.) (a) The Water-bearer; the
eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th
of January; -- so called from the rains which prevail at that
season in Italy and the East. (b) A
constellation south of Pegasus.
A*quat"ic (#), a. [L.
aquaticus: cf. F. aquatique. See
Aqua.] Pertaining to water growing in water;
living in, swimming in, or frequenting the margins of waters;
as, aquatic plants and fowls.
A*quat`ic, n. 1. An aquatic
animal or plant.
2. pl. Sports or exercises practiced
in or on the water.
A*quat"ic*al (#), a.
Aquatic. [R.]
Aq"ua*tile (#), a. [L.
aquatilis: cf. F. aquatile.]
Inhabiting the water. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
{ A"qua*tint (#), A`qua*tin"ta
(#), } n. [It.
acquatinta dyed water; acqua (L.
aqua) water + tinto, fem. tinta,
dyed. See Tint.] A kind of etching in which
spaces are bitten by the use of aqua fortis, by which an effect
is produced resembling a drawing in water colors or India ink;
also, the engraving produced by this method.
Aq"ue*duct (#), n. [F.
aqueduc, OF. aqueduct (Cotgr.), fr. L.
aquaeductus; aquae, gen. of aqua
water + ductus a leading, ducere to lead.
See Aqua, Duke.] 1. A
conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water,
especially one for supplying large cities with water.
aqueduct
bridge.
2. (Anat.) A canal or passage; as,
the aqueduct of Sylvius, a channel connecting
the third and fourth ventricles of the brain.
A*que"i*ty (#), n.
Wateriness. [Obs.]
A"que*ous (#), a. [Cf. F.
aqueux, L. aquosus, fr. aqua.
See Aqua, Aquose.] 1.
Partaking of the nature of water, or abounding with it;
watery.
The aqueous vapor of the air.
Tyndall.
2. Made from, or by means of, water.
An aqueous deposit.
Dana.
Aqueous extract, an extract obtained from a
vegetable substance by steeping it in water. -- Aqueous
humor (Anat.), one the humors of the eye; a
limpid fluid, occupying the space between the crystalline lens
and the cornea. (See Eye.) -- Aqueous
rocks (Geol.), those which are deposited
from water and lie in strata, as opposed to volcanic
rocks, which are of igneous origin; -- called also
sedimentary rocks.
A`que*ous*ness, n. Wateriness.
A*quif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
aqua water + -ferous.]
Consisting or conveying water or a watery fluid; as,
aquiferous vessels; the aquiferous
system.
A"qui*form (#), a. [L.
aqua water + -form.] Having the
form of water.
\'d8Aq"ui*la (#), n; pl.
Aquil\'91 (#). [L., an
eagle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
eagles.
2. (Astron.) A northern constellation
southerly from Lyra and Cygnus and preceding the Dolphin; the
Eagle.
Aquila alba [L., white eagle], an
alchemical name of calomel.
Brande & C.
Aq"ui*la`ted (#), a.
(Her.) Adorned with eagles' heads.
Aq"ui*line (?; 277), a. [L.
aquilinus, fr. aquila eagle: cf. F.
aquilin. See Eagle. ] 1.
Belonging to or like an eagle.
2. Curving; hooked; prominent, like the beak of an
eagle; -- applied particularly to the nose
Terribly arched and aquiline his nose.
Cowper.
Aq"ui*lon (#), n. [L.
aquilo, -lonis: cf. F.
aquilon.] The north wind.
[Obs.]
Shak.
A*quip"a*rous (#), a. [L.
aqua water + parere to bring forth.]
(Med.) Secreting water; -- applied to certain
glands.
Dunglison.
Aq`ui*ta"ni*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aquitania, now called Gascony.
A*quose" (#), a. [L.
aquosus watery, fr. aqua. See
Aqua, Aqueous.] Watery;
aqueous. [R.]
Bailey.
A*quos"i*ty (#), n. [LL.
aquositas.] The condition of being wet or
watery; wateriness.
Huxley.
Very little water or aquosity is found in their
belly.
Holland.
Ar (#), conj. Ere;
before. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A"ra (#), n. [L.]
(Astron.) The Altar; a southern constellation,
south of the tail of the Scorpion.
\'d8A"ra (#), n. [Native Indian
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A name of the great blue
and yellow macaw (Ara ararauna), native of South
America.
Ar"ab (?; 277), n. [Prob.
ultimately fr. Heb. arabah a desert, the name
employed, in the Old Testament, to denote the valley of the
Jordan and Dead Sea. Ar. Arab, Heb. arabi,
arbi, arbim: cf. F. Arabe, L.
Arabs, Gr. /.] One of a swarthy race
occupying Arabia, and numerous in Syria, Northern Africa,
etc.
Street Arab, a homeless vagabond in the
streets of a city, particularly and outcast boy or girl.
Tylor.
The ragged outcasts and street Arabs who are
shivering in damp doorways.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
Ar`a*besque" (#), n. [F.
arabesque, fr. It. arabesco, fr.
Arabo Arab.] A style of ornamentation
either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a
pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc., as well as
figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically
interlaced or put together.
Moresque.) The arabesques of the
Renaissance were founded on Greco-Roman work.
Ar`a*besque", a. 1.
Arabian. [Obs.]
2. Relating to, or exhibiting, the style of
ornament called arabesque; as, arabesque
frescoes.
Ar`a*besqued" (#), a.
Ornamented in the style of arabesques.
A*ra"bi*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Arabia or its inhabitants.
Arabian bird, the phenix.
Shak.
A*ra"bi*an, n. A native of Arabia; an
Arab.
Ar"a*bic (#), a. [L.
Arabicus, fr. Arabia.] Of or
pertaining to Arabia or the Arabians.
Arabic numerals or
figures, the nine digits, 1, 2, 3, etc.,
and the cipher 0. -- Gum arabic. See under
Gum.
Ar"a*bic, n. The language of the
Arabians.
Arabic is a Semitic language, allied
to the Hebrew. It is very widely diffused, being the language in
which all Mohammedans must read the Koran, and is spoken as a
vernacular tongue in Arabia, Syria, and Northern Africa.
A*rab"ic*al (#), a. Relating to
Arabia; Arabic. -- A*rab"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ar"a*bin (#), n. 1.
(Chem.) A carbohydrate, isomeric with cane sugar,
contained in gum arabic, from which it is extracted as
a white, amorphous substance.
2. Mucilage, especially that made of gum
arabic.
Ar"a*bin*ose` (#), n.
(Chem.) A sugar of the composition
C5H10O5, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it
with dilute sulphuric acid.
Ar"a*bism (#), n. [Cf. F.
Arabisme.] An Arabic idiom peculiarly of
language.
Stuart.
Ar`a*bist (#), n. [Cf. F.
Arabiste.] One well versed in the Arabic
language or literature; also, formerly, one who followed the
Arabic system of surgery.
Ar"a*ble (#), a. [F.
arable, L. arabilis, fr. arare
to plow, akin to Gr. /, E. ear, to plow. See
Earable.] Fit for plowing or tillage; --
hence, often applied to land which has been plowed or
tilled.
Ar"a*ble, n. Arable land; plow
land.
Ar"a*by (#), n. The country of
Arabia. [Archaic & Poetic]
\'d8Ar`a*ca*nese" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aracan, a province of British Burmah. --
n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of
Aracan.
\'d8A`ra*/a"ri (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American bird, of the genus
Pleroglossius, allied to the toucans. There are
several species.
A*race" (#), v. t. [OE.
aracen, arasen, OF. arachier,
esracier, F. arracher, fr. L.
exradicare, eradicare. The prefix
a- is perh. due to L. ab. See
Eradicate.] To tear up by the roots; to draw
away. [Obs.]
Wyatt.
A*ra"ceous (#), a. [L.
arum a genus of plants, fr. Gr. /.]
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of plants, of
which the genus Arum is the type.
A*rach"nid (#), n. An
arachnidan.
Huxley.
\'d8A*rach"ni*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / spider.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the classes of Arthropoda. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Araneina, or spiders;
Arthrogastra, including scorpions,
etc.; and Acarina, or mites and
ticks.
A*rach"ni*dan (#), n. [Gr. /
spider.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Arachnida.
Ar`ach*nid"i*al (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Of or pertaining to the
Arachnida. (b) Pertaining to the
arachnidium.
\'d8Ar`ach*nid"i*um (#), n.
[NL. See Arachnida.] (Zo\'94l.)
The glandular organ in which the material for the web of
spiders is secreted.
\'d8Ar`ach*ni"tis (#), n. [Gr.
/ + /.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
arachnoid membrane.
A*rach"noid (#), a. [Gr. /
like a cobweb; / spider, spider's web + / form.]
1. Resembling a spider's web; cobweblike.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to a thin membrane
of the brain and spinal cord, between the dura mater and pia
mater.
3. (Bot.) Covered with, or composed of,
soft, loose hairs or fibers, so as to resemble a cobweb;
cobwebby.
A*rach"noid, n. 1.
(Anat.) The arachnoid membrane.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Arachnoidea.
Ar`ach*noid"al (#), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the arachnoid membrane;
arachnoid.
\'d8Ar`ach*noid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Arachnida.
A*rach`no*log"ic*al (#), a. Of
or pertaining to arachnology.
Ar`ach*nol"o*gist (#), n. One
who is versed in, or studies, arachnology.
Ar`ach*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ spider + -logy.] The department of
zo\'94logy which treats of spiders and other Arachnida.
A`r\'91*om"e*ter (?; 277). See
Areometer.
A*r\'91"o*style (#), a. & n.
[L. araeostylos, Gr. /; / at intervals + /
pillar, column.] (Arch.) See
Intercolumniation.
A*r\'91`o*sys"tyle (#), a. & n.
[Gr. / as intervals + /. See Systyle.]
(Arch.) See Intercolumniation.
Ar`a*go*nese (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aragon, in Spain, or to its inhabitants. --
n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of
Aragon, in Spain.
A*rag"o*nite (#), n. [From
Aragon, in Spain.] (Min.) A
mineral identical in composition with calcite or carbonate of
lime, but differing from it in its crystalline form and some of
its physical characters.
\'d8A`ra*gua"to (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey,
the ursine howler (Mycetes ursinus). See
Howler, n., 2.
A*raise"" (#), v. t. To
raise. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ar"ak (#), n. Same as
Arrack.
{ Ar`a*m\'91an, Ar`a*me"an }
(#), a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr.
/, fr. Heb. Ar\'bem, i. e.
Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of
or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language;
Aramaic. -- n. A native of
Aram.
Ar`a*ma"ic (#), a. [See
Aram\'91an, a.] Pertaining to Aram, or to the
territory, inhabitants, language, or literature of Syria and
Mesopotamia; Aram\'91an; -- specifically applied to the northern
branch of the Semitic family of languages, including Syriac and
Chaldee. -- n. The Aramaic
language.
Ar`a*ma"ism (#), n. An idiom of
the Aramaic.
{ \'d8Ar`a*ne"i*da (#),
\'d8Ar`a*ne*oid"e*a (#), } n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Araneina.
Ar`a*ne"i*dan (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Araneina or
spiders. -- n. One of the Araneina;
a spider.
Ar`a*ne"i*form (#) a. [L.
aranea spider + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a spider.
Kirby.
\'d8A*ra`ne*i"na (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. aranea spider.]
(Zo\'94l.) The order of Arachnida that includes
the spiders.
Illustration in
Appendix.
A*ra"ne*ose`, a. [L.
araneous.] Of the aspect of a spider's web;
arachnoid.
A*ra"ne*ous (#), a. [L.
araneosus, fr. aranea spider, spider's
web.] Cobweblike; extremely thin and delicate, like a
cobweb; as, the araneous membrane of the eye.
See Arachnoid.
Derham.
<-- p. 77 -->
\'d8A*ran"go (#), n.; pl.
Arangoes (#). [The native name.]
A bead of rough carnelian. Arangoes were formerly imported
from Bombay for use in the African slave trade.
McCulloch.
\'d8A`ra*pai"ma (#), n. [Prob.
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large
fresh-water food fish of South America.
\'d8A*ra"ra (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The palm (or great black)
cockatoo, of Australia (Microglossus aterrimus).
A*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aratio, fr. arare to plow.]
Plowing; tillage. [R.]
Lands are said to be in a state of aration when
they are under tillage.
Brande.
Ar"a*to*ry (#), a. [LL.
aratorius: cf. F. aratoire.]
Contributing to tillage.
\'d8Ar`au*ca"ri*a (#), n.
[Araucania, a territory south of Chili.]
(Bot.) A genus of tall conifers of the pine
family. The species are confined mostly to South America and
Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having
the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the
dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible.
Ar`au*ca"ri*an (#), a. Relating
to, or of the nature of, the Araucaria. The earliest conifers in
geological history were mostly Araucarian.
Dana.
{ Ar"ba*lest (#), Ar"ba*list
(#), } n. [OF.
arbaleste, LL. arbalista, for L.
arcuballista; arcus bow +
ballista a military engine. See
Ballista.] (Antiq.) A crossbow,
consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with
a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the
bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc.
[Written also arbalet and
arblast.]
Fosbroke.
{ Ar"ba*lest`er (#),
Ar"ba*list`er (#), } n.
[OF. arblastere, OF. arbalestier. See
Arbalest.] A crossbowman.
[Obs.]
Speed.
Ar"bi*ter (#), n. [L.
arbiter; ar- (for ad) + the root
of betere to go; hence properly, one who comes up to
look on.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen,
by parties to determine a controversy between them.
arbitrator is the
technical word.
2. Any person who has the power of judging and
determining, or ordaining, without control; one whose power of
deciding and governing is not limited.
For Jove is arbiter of both to man.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Arbitrator; umpire; director; referee; controller;
ruler; governor.
Ar"bi*ter, v. t. To act as arbiter
between. [Obs.]
Ar"bi*tra*ble (#), a. [Cf. F.
arbitrable, fr. L. arbitrari. See
Arbitrate, v. t.] Capable of being
decided by arbitration; determinable.
[Archaic]
Bp. Hall.
Ar"bi*trage (#), n. [F., fr.
arbiter to give judgment, L.
arbitrari.] 1. Judgment by an
arbiter; authoritative determination.
[Archaic]
2. (Com) A traffic in bills of exchange
(see Arbitration of Exchange); also, a traffic in
stocks which bear differing values at the same time in different
markets.
Ar"bi*tral (#), a. [L.
arbitralis.] Of or relating to an arbiter
or an arbitration. [R.]
Ar*bit"ra*ment (#), n. [LL.
arbitramentum.] 1. Determination;
decision; arbitration.
The arbitrament of time.
Everett.
Gladly at this moment would MacIvor have put their quarrel to
personal arbitrament.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The award of arbitrators.
Cowell.
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ly (#), adv. In an
arbitrary manner; by will only; despotically; absolutely.
Ar"bi*tra*ri*ness, n. The quality of
being arbitrary; despoticalness; tyranny.
Bp. Hall.
Ar`bi*tra"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
arbitrarius. See Arbitrary.]
Arbitrary; despotic. [Obs.] --
Ar`bi*tra"*ri*ous*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Ar"bi*tra*ry (#), a. [L.
arbitrarius, fr. arbiter: cf. F.
arbitraire. See Arbiter.] 1.
Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed
rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an
arbitrary punishment.
It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so.
Jer. Taylor.
Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most
arbitrary of all things.
Landor.
2. Exercised according to one's own will or
caprice, and therefore conveying a notion of a tendency to abuse
the possession of power.
Arbitrary power is most easily established on the
ruins of liberty abused licentiousness.
Washington.
3. Despotic; absolute in power; bound by no law;
harsh and unforbearing; tyrannical; as, an arbitrary
prince or government.
Dryden.
Arbitrary constant, Arbitrary
function (Math.), a quantity of
function that is introduced into the solution of a problem, and
to which any value or form may at will be given, so that the
solution may be made to meet special requirements. --
Arbitrary quantity (Math.), one to
which any value can be assigned at pleasure.
Ar"bi*trate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arbitrated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Arbitrating
(#).] [L. arbitratus, p. p.
of arbitrari to be a hearer or beholder of something,
to make a decision, to give judgment, fr. arbiter. See
Arbiter.] 1. To hear and decide, as
arbitrators; as, to choose to arbitrate a disputed
case.
2. To decide, or determine generally.
South.
There shall your swords and lances arbitrate
The swelling difference of your settled hate.
Shak.
Ar"bi*trate (#), v. i. 1.
To decide; to determine.
Shak.
2. To act as arbitrator or judge; as, to
arbitrate upon several reports;; to arbitrate
in disputes among heighbors; to arbitrate between
parties to a suit.
Ar`bi*tra"tion (#), n. [F.
arbitration, L. arbitratio, fr.
arbitrari.] The hearing and determination
of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or persons
chosen by the parties.
arbitrators; or for each
party to choose one, and these to name a third, who is called the
umpire. Their determination is called the
award.
Bouvier
Arbitration bond, a bond which obliges one to
abide by the award of an arbitration. -- Arbitration of
Exchange, the operation of converting the currency of
one country into that of another, or determining the rate of
exchange between such countries or currencies. An arbitrated
rate is one determined by such arbitration through the
medium of one or more intervening currencies.
Ar"bi*tra`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
arbitrari: cf. F. arbitrateur.]
1. A person, or one of two or more persons, chosen
by parties who have a controversy, to determine their
differences. See Arbitration.
2. One who has the power of deciding or prescribing
without control; a ruler; a governor.
Though Heaven be shut,
And Heaven's high Arbitrators sit secure.
Milton.
Masters of their own terms and arbitrators of a
peace.
Addison.
Syn. -- Judge; umpire; referee; arbiter. See
Judge.
Ar"bi*tra`trix (#), n. [L.,
fem. of arbitrator.] A female who
arbitrates or judges.
Ar"bi*tress (#), n. [From
Arbiter.] A female arbiter; an
arbitratrix.
Milton.
Ar"blast (#), n. A crossbow.
See Arbalest.
Ar"bor (#), n. [OE.
herber, herbere, properly a garden of
herbs, F. herbier, fr. L. herbarium. See
Herb, and cf. Herbarium.] A kind of
latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees,
or other plants, for shade; a bower.
Sir P. Sidney.
Ar"bor, n. [Written also
arbour.] [L., a tree, a beam.]
1. (Bot.) A tree, as distinguished from
a shrub.
2. [Cf. F. arbre.]
(Mech.) (a) An axle or spindle of a
wheel or opinion. (b) A mandrel in lathe
turning.
Knight.
Arbor Day, a day appointed for planting trees
and shrubs. [U.S.]
Ar"bo*ra*ry (#), a. [L.
arborarius, fr. arbor tree.] Of
or pertaining to trees; arboreal.
Ar"bo*ra`tor (#), n. [L., fr.
arbor tree.] One who plants or who prunes
trees. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Ar"bor Di*a"n\'91 (#). [L., the tree
of Diana, or silver.] (Chem.) A
precipitation of silver, in a beautiful arborescent form.
Ar*bo"re*al (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a tree, or to trees; of nature of
trees.
Cowley.
2. Attached to, found in or upon, or frequenting,
woods or trees; as, arboreal animals.
Woodpeckers are eminently arboreal.
Darwin.
Ar"bored (#), a. Furnished with
an arbor; lined with trees. \'bdAn arboreal
walk.\'b8
Pollok.
Ar*bo"re*ous (#), a. [L.
arboreous, fr. arbor tree.]
1. Having the form, constitution, or habits, of a
proper tree, in distinction from a shrub.
Loudon.
2. Pertaining to, or growing on, trees; as,
arboreous moss.
Quincy.
Ar`bo*res"cence (#), n. The
state of being arborescent; the resemblance to a tree in
minerals, or crystallizations, or groups of crystals in that
form; as, the arborescence produced by precipitating
silver.
Ar`bo*res"cent (#), a. [L.
arborescens, p. pr. of arborescere to
become a tree, fr. arbor tree.] Resembling
a tree; becoming woody in stalk; dendritic; having
crystallizations disposed like the branches and twigs of a
tree. \'bdArborescent hollyhocks.\'b8
Evelyn.
Ar"bo*ret (#), n. [OF.
arboret, dim. of arbre tree, L.
arbor] A small tree or shrub.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Among thick-woven arborets, and flowers
Imbordered on each bank.
Milton.
\'d8Ar`bo*re"tum (#), n.; pl.
Arboreta (#). [L., a place grown
with trees.] A place in which a collection of rare
trees and shrubs is cultivated for scientific or educational
purposes.
Ar*bor"ic*al (#), a. Relating
to trees. [Obs.]
Ar*bor"i*cole (#), a. [L.
arbor + colere to inhabit.]
(Zo\'94l.) Tree-inhabiting; -- said of certain
birds.
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*al (#), a.
Pertaining to arboriculture.
Loudon.
Ar`bor*i*cul"ture (?; 135), n.
[L. arbor tree + cultura. See
Culture.] The cultivation of trees and
shrubs, chiefly for timber or for ornamental purposes.
Ar`bor*i*cul"tur*ist, n. One who
cultivates trees.
Ar*bor"i*form (#), a. Treelike
in shape.
Ar"bor*ist (#), n. [F.
arboriste, fr. L. arbor tree.]
One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the
knowledge of trees.
Howell.
Ar`bor*i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. arborisation, fr. L. arbor tree.]
The appearance or figure of a tree or plant, as in minerals
or fossils; a dendrite.
Ar"bor*ized (#), a. Having a
treelike appearance. \'bdAn arborized or moss
agate.\'b8
Wright.
Ar"bor*ous (#), a. Formed by
trees. [Obs.]
From under shady, arborous roof.
Milton.
Ar"bor vine` (#). A species of
bindweed.
<-- note no *pos* in this def, in original -->
\'d8Ar"bor vi"t\'91 (#). [L., tree of
life.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen tree
of the cypress tribe, genus Thuja. The American
species is the T. occidentalis.
2. (Anat.) The treelike disposition of
the gray and white nerve tissues in the cerebellum, as seen in a
vertical section.
Ar"bus*cle (#), n. [L.
arbuscula small tree, shrub, dim. of arbor
tree.] A dwarf tree, one in size between a shrub and a
tree; a treelike shrub.
Bradley.
Ar*bus"cu*lar (#), a. Of or
pertaining to a dwarf tree; shrublike.
Da Costa.
Ar*bus"tive (#), a. [L.
arbustivus, fr. arbustum place where trees
are planted.] Containing copses of trees or shrubs;
covered with shrubs.
Bartram.
{ Ar"bu*tus (#), Ar"bute
(#), } n. [L. arbutus,
akin to arbor tree.] The strawberry tree, a
genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry
externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree.
Trailing arbutus (Bot.), a creeping
or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epig\'91a
repens), having white or usually rose-colored flowers with
a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary clusters, and
appearing early in the spring; in New England known as
mayflower; -- called also ground
laurel.
Gray.
Arc (#), n. [F. arc,
L. arcus bow, arc. See Arch,
n.] 1. (Geom.) A
portion of a curved line; as, the arc of a circle or
of an ellipse.
2. A curvature in the shape of a circular arc or an
arch; as, the colored arc (the rainbow); the
arc of Hadley's quadrant.
3. An arch. [Obs.]
Statues and trophies, and triumphal arcs.
Milton.
4. The apparent arc described, above or below the
horizon, by the sun or other celestial body. The diurnal
arc is described during the daytime, the nocturnal
arc during the night.
Electric arc, Voltaic arc.
See under Voltaic.
Ar*cade" (#), n. [F.
arcade, Sp. arcada, LL. arcata,
fr. L. arcus bow, arch.] 1.
(Arch.) (a) A series of arches with the
columns or piers which support them, the spandrels above, and
other necessary appurtenances; sometimes open, serving as an
entrance or to give light; sometimes closed at the back (as in
the cut) and forming a decorative feature. (b)
A long, arched building or gallery.
2. An arched or covered passageway or avenue.
Ar*cad"ed (#), a. Furnished
with an arcade.
Ar*ca"di*a (#), n. [L.
Arcadia, Gr. /.] 1. A
mountainous and picturesque district of Greece, in the heart of
the Peloponnesus, whose people were distinguished for contentment
and rural happiness.
2. Fig.: Any region or scene of simple pleasure and
untroubled quiet.
Where the cow is, there is Arcadia.
J. Burroughs.
{ Ar*ca"di*an (#), Ar*ca"dic
(#), } a. [L. Arcadius,
Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F.
Arcadien, Arcadique.] Of or
pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as,
Arcadian simplicity or scenery.
Ar*cane" (#), a. [L.
arcanus.] Hidden; secret.
[Obs.] \'bdThe arcane part of divine
wisdom.\'b8
Berkeley.
\'d8Ar*ca"num (#), n.; pl.
Arcana (#). [L., fr.
arcanus closed, secret, fr. arca chest,
box, fr. arcere to inclose. See Ark.]
1. A secret; a mystery; -- generally used in the
plural.
Inquiries into the arcana of the Godhead.
Warburton.
2. (Med.) A secret remedy; an
elixir.
Dunglison.
\'d8Arc`*bou`tant" (#), n.
[F.] (Arch.) A flying buttress.
Gwilt.
Arch (#), n. [F.
arche, fr. LL. arca, for arcus.
See Arc.] 1. (Geom.) Any
part of a curved line.
2. (Arch.) (a) Usually a curved
member made up of separate wedge-shaped solids, with the joints
between them disposed in the direction of the radii of the curve;
used to support the wall or other weight above an opening. In
this sense arches are segmental, round (i.
e., semicircular), or pointed. (b)
A flat arch is a member constructed of stones cut into
wedges or other shapes so as to support each other without rising
in a curve.
3. Any place covered by an arch; an archway;
as, to pass into the arch of a bridge.
4. Any curvature in the form of an arch; as,
the arch of the aorta. \'bdColors of the
showery arch.\'b8
Milton.
Triumphal arch, a monumental structure
resembling an arched gateway, with one or more passages, erected
to commemorate a triumph.
Arch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Arched (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arching.] 1. To cover with an
arch or arches.
2. To form or bend into the shape of an arch.
The horse arched his neck.
Charlesworth.
Arch, v. i. To form into an arch; to
curve.
<-- p. 78 -->
Arch- (\'84rch-, except in archangel and
one or two other words). [L. arch-, Gr.
///. See Arch-.] A prefix signifying
chief, as in archbuilder,
archfiend.
Arch (#), a. [See
Arch-, pref.] 1. Chief; eminent;
greatest; principal.
The most arch act of piteous massacre.
Shak.
2. Cunning or sly; sportively mischievous; roguish;
as, an arch look, word, lad.
[He] spoke his request with so arch a leer.
Tatler.
Arch, n. [See Arch-,
pref.] A chief. [Obs.]
My worthy arch and patron comes to-night.
Shak.
*arch (#). [Gr. / chief, commander, /
to rule. See Arch, a.] A suffix
meaning a ruler, as in monarch (a sole
ruler).
Ar*ch\'91"an (#), a. [Gr. /
ancient, fr. / beginning.] Ancient; pertaining to
the earliest period in geological history.
Ar*ch\'91"an, n. (Geol.) The
earliest period in geological period, extending up to the Lower
Silurian. It includes an Azoic age, previous to the
appearance of life, and an Eozoic age, including the
earliest forms of life.
Azoic, and to the Eozoic of Dawson.
Ar`ch\'91*og"ra*phy (#), n.
[Gr. / ancient + -graphy.] A
description of, or a treatise on, antiquity or antiquities.
Ar`ch\'91*o*lith"ic (#), a.
[Gr. / ancient + / pertaining to a stone.]
(Arch\'91ol.) Of or pertaining to the earliest
Stone age; -- applied to a prehistoric period preceding the
Paleolithic age.
Ar`ch\'91*o*lo"gi*an (#), n. An
arch\'91ologist.
{ Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic (#),
Ar`ch\'91*o*log"ic*al (#), }
Relating to arch\'91ology, or antiquities; as,
arch\'91ological researches. --
Ar`*ch\'91*o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in arch\'91ology; an antiquary.
Wright.
Ar`ch\'91*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/; / ancient (fr. / beginning) + / discourse, / to
speak.] The science or study of antiquities, esp.
prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or
monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other
relics, written manuscripts, etc.
\'d8Ar`ch\'91*op"te*ryx (#), n.
[Gr. / ancient + / wing.] (Paleon.)
A fossil bird, of the Jurassic period, remarkable for having
a long tapering tail of many vertebr\'91 with feathers along each
side, and jaws armed with teeth, with other reptilian
characteristics.
Ar`ch\'91*o*stom"a*tous (#), a.
[Gr. / ancient + / mouth.] (Biol.)
Applied to a gastrula when the blastorope does not entirely
up.
Ar`ch\'91*o*zo"ic (#), a. [Gr.
/ ancient + / animal.] (Zo\'94l.) Like
or belonging to the earliest forms of animal life.
Ar*cha"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
old-fashioned, fr. / ancient.] Of or characterized
by antiquity or archaism; antiquated; obsolescent.
Ar*cha"ic*al (#), a.
Archaic. [R.] --
Ar*cha"ic*al*ly, adv.
Ar"cha*ism (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / ancient, fr. / beginning: cf. F.
archa\'8bsme. See Arch, a.]
1. An ancient, antiquated, or old-fashioned, word,
expression, or idiom; a word or form of speech no longer in
common use.
2. Antiquity of style or use; obsoleteness.
A select vocabulary corresponding (in point of
archaism and remoteness from ordinary use) to our
Scriptural vocabulary.
De Quincey.
Ar"cha*ist, n. 1. Am
antiquary.
2. One who uses archaisms.
Ar`cha*is"tic (#), a. Like, or
imitative of, anything archaic; pertaining to an archaism.
Ar"cha*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Archaized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Archaizing.] [Gr. /.] To
make appear archaic or antique.
Mahaffy.
Arch`an"gel (#), n. [L.
archangelus, Gr. /: cf. OF. archangel, F.
archange. See Arch-, pref., and
Angel.] 1. A chief angel; one high
in the celestial hierarchy.
Milton.
2. (Bot.) A term applied to several
different species of plants (Angelica archangelica, Lamium
album, etc.).
Arch`an*gel"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
archang\'82lique.] Of or pertaining to
archangels; of the nature of, or resembling, an archangel.
Milton.
Arch`bish"op (#), n. [AS.
arcebisceop, arcebiscop, L.
archiepiscopus, fr. Gr. /. See
Bishop.] A chief bishop; a church dignitary
of the first class (often called a metropolitan or primate) who
superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops in his
province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own
diocese.
Arch`bish"op*ric (#), n. [AS.
arcebiscopr\'c6ce. See -ric.] The
jurisdiction or office of an archbishop; the see or province over
which archbishop exercises archiepiscopal authority.
Arch" brick` (#). A wedge-shaped brick
used in the building of an arch.
Arch`but"ler (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + butler.] A chief butler;
-- an officer of the German empire.
Arch`cham"ber*lain (#), n. [Cf.
G. erzk\'84mmerer. See Arch-,
pref.] A chief chamberlain; -- an officer
of the old German empire, whose office was similar to that of the
great chamberlain in England.
Arch`chan"cel*lor (#), n. [Cf.
Ger. erzkanzler. See Arch-,
pref.] A chief chancellor; -- an officer in
the old German empire, who presided over the secretaries of the
court.
Arch`chem"ic (#), a. Of supreme
chemical powers. [R.] \'bdThe
archchemic sun.\'b8
Milton.
Arch`dea"con (#), n. [AS.
arcediacon, archidiacon, L.
archidiaconus, fr. Gr. /. See Arch-,
pref., and Deacon.] In
England, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a
bishop, whom he assists, and by whom he is appointed, though with
independent authority.
Blackstone.
Arch`dea"con*ry, n. The district,
office, or residence of an archdeacon. See
Benefice.
Every diocese is divided into archdeaconries.
Blackstone.
Arch`dea"con*ship, n. The office of an
archdeacon.
Arch`di"o*cese (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + diocese.] The diocese of
an archbishop.
Arch`du"cal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archduke or archduchy.
Arch`duch"ess (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + duchess.] The consort of
an archduke; also, a princess of the imperial family of Austria.
See Archduke.
Arch`duch"y, n. The territory of an
archduke or archduchess.
Ash.
Arch`duke" (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + duke.] A prince of the
imperial family of Austria.
archduke,
and all such female descendants archduchesses.
Arch`duke"dom (#), n. An
archduchy.
\'d8Ar`che*bi*o"sis (#), n.
[Pref. arche- / archi- + Gr. /, /,
life.] To origination of living matter from
non-living. See Abiogenesis.
Bastian.
Arched (#), a. Made with an
arch or curve; covered with an arch; as, an arched
door.
Ar`che*go"ni*al (#), a.
Relating to the archegonium.
\'d8Ar`che*go"ni*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / the first of a race.]
(Bot.) The pistillidium or female organ in the
higher cryptogamic plants, corresponding to the pistil in
flowering plants.
Ar*cheg"o*ny (#), n. [See
Archegonium.] (Biol.) Spontaneous
generation; abiogenesis.
Ar*chel"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
an element or first principle + -logy.] The
science of, or a treatise on, first principles.
Fleming.
\'d8Ar`chen*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / + / the brain.]
(Zo\'94l.) The division that includes man
alone.
R. Owen.
Arch`en"e*my (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + enemy.] A principal
enemy. Specifically, Satan, the grand adversary of mankind.
Milton.
Arch`en*ter"ic (#), a.
(Biol.) Relating to the archenteron; as,
archenteric invagination.
\'d8Arch`en"ter*on, n. [Pref.
arch- + Gr. / intestine.] (Biol.)
The primitive enteron or undifferentiated digestive sac of a
gastrula or other embryo. See Illust. under
Invagination.
Ar`che*ol"o*gy (#), n.,
Ar`che*o*log`ic*al (#), a.
Same as Arch\'91ology, etc.
Arch"er (#), n.
[archier, F. archer, LL.
arcarius, fr. L. arcus bow. See
Arc, Arch, n.] A bowman,
one skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.
Arch"er*ess (#), n. A female
archer.
Markham.
Arch"er fish` (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
small fish (Toxotes jaculator), of the East Indies; --
so called from its ejecting drops of water from its mouth at its
prey. The name is also applied to Ch\'91todon
rostratus.
Arch"er*ship, n. The art or skill of an
archer.
Arch"er*y (#), n. [OE.
archerie.] 1. The use of the bow
and arrows in battle, hunting, etc.; the art, practice, or skill
of shooting with a bow and arrows.
2. Archers, or bowmen, collectively.
Let all our archery fall off
In wings of shot a-both sides of the van.
Webster (1607).
Arch"es (#), pl. of Arch,
n.
Court of arches, or Arches
Court (Eng. Law), the court of appeal
of the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereof the judge, who sits as
deputy to the archbishop, is called the Dean of the
Arches, because he anciently held his court in the
church of St. Mary-le-Bow (de arcubus). It is now held
in Westminster.
Mozley & W.
Ar"che*ty`pal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archetype; consisting a model (real or ideal) or
pattern; original. \'bdOne archetypal mind.\'b8
Gudworth.
archetypal world is
the world as it existed as an idea of God before the
creation.
Ar"che*ty`pal*ly, adv. With reference to
the archetype; originally. \'bdParts archetypally
distinct.\'bd
Dana.
Ar"che*type (#), n. [L.
archetypum, Gr. /, fr. / stamped first and as
model; / / + / stamp, figure, pattern, / to strike: cf.
F. arch\'82type. See Arch-,
pref.] 1. The original pattern or
model of a work; or the model from which a thing is made or
formed.
The House of Commons, the archetype of all the
representative assemblies which now meet.
Macaulay.
Types and shadows of that glorious archetype that
was to come into the world.
South.
2. (Coinage) The standard weight or coin
by which others are adjusted.
3. (Biol.) The plan or fundamental
structure on which a natural group of animals or plants or their
systems of organs are assumed to have been constructed; as,
the vertebrate archetype.
Ar`che*typ"ic*al (#), a.
Relating to an archetype; archetypal.
\'d8Ar*che"us (#), n. [LL.
arch/us, Gr. / ancient, primeval, fr. /
beginning. See Archi-, pref.] The
vital principle or force which (according to the Paracelsians)
presides over the growth and continuation of living beings; the
anima mundi or plastic power of the old
philosophers. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Ar"chi- (#). [L., archi-, Gr.
/, a prefix which is from the same root as / to be first, to
begin; / the first place, beginning; / chief. Cf. AS.
arce-, erce-, OHG. erzi-.]
A prefix signifying chief, arch;
as, architect, archiepiscopal. In
Biol. and Anat. it usually means
primitive, original, ancestral;
as, archipterygium, the primitive fin or
wing.
\'d8Ar`chi*an*nel"i*da (#), n. pl.
[NL.; pref. archi- + annelida.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Annelida remarkable for
having no external segments or distinct ventral nerve
ganglions.
Ar"chi*a`ter (#), n. [L.
archiatrus, Gr. /; pref. / + / physician, / to
heal.] Chief physician; -- a term applied, on the
continent of Europe, to the first or body physician of princes
and to the first physician of some cities.
P. Cyc.
\'d8Ar`chi*blas"tu*la (#), n.
[Pref. archi + blastula.]
(Biol.) A hollow blastula, supposed to be the
primitive form; a c/loblastula.
Ar"chi*cal (#), a. [Gr. /
able to govern, fr. / beginning, government. See
Arch-, pref.] Chief; primary;
primordial. [Obs.]
Cudworth.
Ar`chi*di*ac"o*nal (#), a. [L.
archidiaconus, Gr. /, equiv. to E.
archdeacon.] Of or pertaining to an
archdeacon.
This offense is liable to be censured in an
archidiaconal visitation.
Johnson.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pa*cy (#), n.
[Pref. archi- + episcopacy.]
1. That form of episcopacy in which the chief power
is in the hands of archbishops.
2. The state or dignity of an archbishop.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pal (#), a.
[Pref. archi- + episcopal.]
Of or pertaining to an archbishop; as, Canterbury is an
archiepiscopal see.
Ar`chi*e*pis`co*pal"i*ty (#), n.
The station or dignity of an archbishop;
archiepiscopacy.
Fuller.
Ar`chi*e*pis"co*pate (#), n.
[Pref. archi- + episcopate.]
The office of an archbishop; an archbishopric.
\'d8Ar*chi"e*rey (#), n. [Russ.
archier\'82i, fr. Gr. /; pref. / (E.
arch-) + \'b5 priest.] The higher order of
clergy in Russia, including metropolitans, archbishops, and
bishops.
Pinkerton.
Ar"chil (?; 277), n. [OF.
orchel, orcheil, It. orcella,
oricello, or OSp. orchillo. Cf.
Orchil.] 1. A violet dye obtained
from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria,
etc.), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape
Verd Islands, etc.
Tomlinson.
2. The plant from which the dye is obtained.
[Written also orchal and
orchil.]
Ar`chi*lo"chi*an (#), a. [L.
Archilochius.] Of or pertaining to the
satiric Greek poet Archilochus; as, Archilochian
meter.
{ Ar"chi*mage (#),
\'d8Ar`chi*ma"gus (#), } n.
[NL.; pref. archi- + L. magus, Gr.
/, a Magian.] 1. The high priest of the
Persian Magi, or worshipers of fire.
2. A great magician, wizard, or enchanter.
Spenser.
Ar`chi*man"drite (#), n. [L.
archimandrita, LGr. /; pref. / (E.
arch-) + / an inclosed space, esp. for cattle, a
fold, a monastery.] (Gr. Church) (a)
A chief of a monastery, corresponding to abbot in
the Roman Catholic church. (b) A
superintendent of several monasteries, corresponding to
superior abbot, or father provincial, in
the Roman Catholic church.
Ar`chi*me*de"an (#), a. [L.
Archimedeus.] Of or pertaining to
Archimedes, a celebrated Greek philosopher; constructed on the
principle of Archimedes' screw; as, Archimedean
drill, propeller, etc.
Archimedean screw, or Archimedes'
screw, an instrument, said to have been invented
by Archimedes, for raising water, formed by winding a flexible
tube round a cylinder in the form of a screw. When the screw is
placed in an inclined position, and the lower end immersed in
water, by causing the screw to revolve, the water is raised to
the upper end.
Francis.
\'d8Ar`chi*me"des (#), n.
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of Bryzoa
characteristic of the subcarboniferous rocks. Its form is that of
a screw.
Arch"ing (#), n. 1.
The arched part of a structure.
2. (Naut.) Hogging; -- opposed to
sagging.
Ar`chi*pe*lag"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an archipelago.
Ar`chi*pel"a*go, n.; pl.
-goes or -gos (#). [It.
arcipelago, properly, chief sea; Gr. pref / + /
sea, perh. akin to / blow, and expressing the beating of the
waves. See Plague.]
1. The Grecian Archipelago, or \'92gean Sea,
separating Greece from Asia Minor. It is studded with a vast
number of small islands.
2. Hence: Any sea or broad sheet of water
interspersed with many islands or with a group of islands.
<-- p. 79 -->
\'d8Ar*chip`te*ryg"i*um (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / (E. arch-) + / wing,
fin.] (Anat.) The primitive form of fin,
like that of Ceratodus.
Ar"chi*tect (#), n. [L.
architectus, architecton, Gr. / chief
artificer, master builder; pref. / (E. archi-) + /
workman, akin to / art, skill, / to produce: cf. F.
architecte, It. architetto. See
Technical.] 1. A person skilled in
the art of building; one who understands architecture, or makes
it his occupation to form plans and designs of buildings, and to
superintend the artificers employed.
2. A contriver, designer, or maker.
The architects of their own happiness.
Milton.
A French woman is a perfect architect in dress.
Coldsmith.
Ar`chi*tec"tive (#), a. Used in
building; proper for building.
Derham.
{ Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic (#),
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic*al (#), } a.
[L. architectonicus, Gr. /. See
Architect.] 1. Pertaining to a
master builder, or to architecture; evincing skill in designing
or construction; constructive. \'bdArchitectonic
wisdom.\'b8
Boyle.
These architectonic functions which we had hitherto
thought belonged.
J. C. Shairp.
2. Relating to the systemizing of knowledge.
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ic, n. [Cf. F.
architectonique.] 1. The science
of architecture.
2. The act of arranging knowledge into a
system.
Ar`chi*tec*ton"ics, n. The science of
architecture.
Ar"chi*tec`tor (#), n. An
architect. [Obs.]
North.
Ar"chi*tec`tress (#), n. A
female architect.
Ar`chi*tec"tur*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the art of building; conformed to the rules of
architecture. -- Ar`chi*tec"tur*al*ly,
adv.
Ar"chi*tec`ture (?; 135), n.
[L. architectura, fr. architectus: cf.
F. architecture. See Architect.]
1. The art or science of building; especially, the
art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures,
for the purposes of civil life; -- often called civil
architecture.
Many other architectures besides Gothic.
Ruskin.
3. Construction, in a more general sense; frame or
structure; workmanship.
The architecture of grasses, plants, and trees.
Tyndall.
The formation of the first earth being a piece of divine
architecture.
Burnet.
Military architecture, the art of
fortifications. -- Naval architecture, the
art of building ships.
\'d8Ar`chi*teu"this (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. pref. / + /, /, a kind of squid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of gigantic cephalopods,
allied to the squids, found esp. in the North Atlantic and about
New Zealand.
Ar"chi*trave (#), n. [F.
architrave, fr. It. architrave; pref.
archi- + trave beam, L.
trabs.] (Arch.) (a) The
lower division of an entablature, or that part which rests
immediately on the column, esp. in classical architecture. See
Column. (b) The group of moldings,
or other architectural member, above and on both sides of a door
or other opening, especially if square in form.
Ar"chi*traved (#), a. Furnished
with an architrave.
Cowper.
Ar"chi*val (#), a. Pertaining
to, or contained in, archives or records.
Tooke.
Ar"chive (#), n.; pl.
Archives (#). [F.
archives, pl., L. archivum,
archium, fr. Gr. / government house, / /
archives, fr. / the first place, government. See
Archi-, pref.] 1.
pl. The place in which public records or historic
documents are kept.
Our words . . . . become records in God's court, and are laid
up in his archives as witnesses.
Gov. of Tongue.
2. pl. Public records or documents
preserved as evidence of facts; as, the archives of
a country or family.
[Rarely used in sing.]
Some rotten archive, rummaged out of some seldom
explored press.
Lamb.
Syn. -- Registers; records; chronicles.
Ar"chi*vist (#), n. [F.
archiviste.] A keeper of archives or
records. [R.]
Ar"chi*volt (#), n. [F.
archivolte, fr. It. archivolto; pref.
archi- + volto vault, arch. See
Vault.] (Arch.) (a) The
architectural member surrounding the curved opening of an arch,
corresponding to the architrave in the case of a square
opening. (b) More commonly, the molding or
other ornaments with which the wall face of the voussoirs of an
arch is charged.
{ Arch"lute (#), Arch"i*lute
(#), } n. [Cf. F.
archiluth, It. arciliuto.]
(Mus.) A large theorbo, or double-necked lute,
formerly in use, having the bass strings doubled with an octave,
and the higher strings with a unison.
Arch"ly (#), adv. In an arch
manner; with attractive slyness or roguishness; slyly;
waggishly.
Archly the maiden smiled.
Longfellow.
Arch`mar"shal (#), n. [G.
erzmarschall. See Arch-,
pref.] The grand marshal of the old German
empire, a dignity that to the Elector of Saxony.
Arch"ness, n. The quality of being arch;
cleverness; sly humor free from malice; waggishness.
Goldsmith.
Ar"chon (#), n. [L.
archon, Gr. /, /, ruler, chief magistrate, p. pr.
of / to be first, to rule.] (Antiq.) One
of the chief magistrates in ancient Athens, especially, by
pre\'89minence, the first of the nine chief magistrates.
-- Ar*chon"tic (#),
a.
Ar"chon*ship, n. The office of an
archon.
Mitford.
Ar"chon*tate (#), n. [Cf. F.
archontat.] An archon's term of
office.
Gibbon.
Ar"chonts (#), n. pl. [Gr. /,
p. pr. See Archon.]
(Zo\'94l.) The group including man alone.
Arch`prel"ate (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + prelate.] An archbishop
or other chief prelate.
Arch`pres"by*ter (#), n. Same
as Archpriest.
Arch`pres"by*ter*y (#), n.
[Pref. arch- + presbutery.]
The absolute dominion of presbytery.
Milton.
Arch`priest" (#), n. A chief
priest; also, a kind of vicar, or a rural dean.
Arch`pri"mate (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + primate.] The chief
primate.
Milton.
Arch" stone` (#). A wedge-shaped stone
used in an arch; a voussoir.
Arch`trai"tor (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + traitor.] A chief or
transcendent traitor.
I. Watts.
Arch`treas"ur*er (?; 135), n.
[Pref. arch- + treasurer.]
A chief treasurer. Specifically, the great treasurer of the
German empire.
Arch"way (#), n. A way or
passage under an arch.
Arch`wife" (#), n. [Pref.
arch- + wife.] A big, masculine
wife. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Arch"wise (#), adv.
Arch-shaped.
Arch"y (#), a. Arched; as,
archy brows.
*ar"chy (#). [Gr. /, fr. / chief. See
Arch-, pref.] A suffix properly
meaning a rule, ruling, as in
monarchy, the rule of one only. Cf.
-arch.
Ar"ci*form (#), a. [L.
arcus bow + -form.] Having the
form of an arch; curved.
Arc"o*graph (#), n. [L.
arcus (E. arc) + -graph.]
An instrument for drawing a circular arc without the use of
a central point; a cyclograph.
Arc*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
arctus shut in, narrow, p. p. of arcere to
shut in: cf. F. arctation.] (Med.)
Constriction or contraction of some natural passage, as in
constipation from inflammation.
Arc"tic (#), a. [OE.
artik, OF. artique, F. arctique,
L. arcticus, fr. Gr. /, fr. / a bear, also a
northern constellation so called; akin to L. ursus
bear, Skr. /ksha.] Pertaining to, or situated under,
the northern constellation called the Bear; northern;
frigid; as, the arctic pole, circle, region, ocean;
an arctic expedition, night, temperature.
arctic circle is a lesser circle,
parallel to the equator, 23antarctic circle are called the polar
circles, and between these and the poles lie the frigid
zones. See Zone.
Arc"tic, n. 1. The arctic
circle.
2. A warm waterproof overshoe.
[U.S.]
\'d8Arc*tis"ca (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A
group of Arachnida. See Illust. in Appendix.
Arc`to*ge"al (#), a. [Gr. /
the north + /, /, country.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to arctic lands; as, the
arctogeal fauna.
\'d8Arc*toid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / bear + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, that
includes the bears, weasels, etc.
Arc*tu"rus (#), n. [L.
Arcturus, Gr. / bearward, equiv. to /; / bear +
/ ward, guard. See Arctic.] (Anat.)
A fixed star of the first magnitude in the constellation
Bo\'94tes.
Arcturus has sometimes been incorrectly
used as the name of the constellation, or even of Ursa
Major.
Canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons [Rev. Ver.:
\'bdthe Bear with her train\'b8].
Job xxxviii. 32.
Arc"u*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an arc.
Arcual measure of an angle (Math.),
that in which the unit angle has its measuring arc equal to
the radius of the circle.
{ Arc"u*ate (#), Arc"u*a`ted
(#)(#), } a. [L.
arcuatus, p. p. of arcuare to shape like a
bow, fr. arcus. See Arc.] Bent or
curved in the form of a bow. \'bdArcuate
stalks.\'b8
Gray.
Arc"u*ate*ly (#), adv. In the
form of a bow.
Arc`u*a"tion (#), n. [L.
arcuatio.] 1. The act of bending
or curving; incurvation; the state of being bent;
crookedness.
Coxe.
2. (Hort.) A mode of propagating trees
by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots
with earth; layering.
Chambers.
Ar"cu*ba*list (#), n. [See
Arbalist.] A crossbow.
Fosbroke.
Ar`cu*bal"ist*er (#), n. [L.
arcuballistarius. Cf. Arbalister.]
A crossbowman; one who used the arcubalist.
Camden.
Ar"cu*bus (#), n. See
Arquebus. [Obs.]
-ard, -art. The termination of
many English words; as, coward, reynard,
drunkard, mostly from the French, in which language this
ending is of German origin, being orig. the same word as English
hard. It usually has the sense of one who
has to a high or excessive degree the quality expressed by the
root; as, braggart,
sluggard.
\'d8Ar*das"sine (#), n. [F.
(cf. Sp. ardacina), fr. ardasse a kind of
silk thread, fr. Ar. & Per. ardan a kind of raw
silk.] A very fine sort of Persian silk.
Ar"den*cy (#), n. 1.
Heat. [R.]
Sir T. Herbert.
2. Warmth of passion or affection; ardor;
vehemence; eagerness; as, the ardency of love or
zeal.
Ar"dent (#), a. [OE.
ardaunt, F. ardant, p. pr. of
arder to burn, fr. L. ardere.]
1. Hot or burning; causing a sensation of burning;
fiery; as, ardent spirits, that is, distilled
liquors; an ardent fever.
2. Having the appearance or quality of fire;
fierce; glowing; shining; as, ardent
eyes.
Dryden.
3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections;
passionate; fervent; zealous; vehement; as, ardent
love, feelings, zeal, hope, temper.
An ardent and impetuous race.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Burning; hot; fiery; glowing; intense; fierce;
vehement; eager; zealous; keen; fervid; fervent; passionate;
affectionate.
Ar"dent*ly (#), adv. In an
ardent manner; eagerly; with warmth; affectionately;
passionately.
Ar"dent*ness, n. Ardency.
[R.]
Ar"dor (#), n. [L.
ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF.
ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
[Spelt also ardour.] 1.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the
sun's rays.
2. Warmth or heat of passion or affection;
eagerness; zeal; as, he pursues study with ardor;
the fought with ardor; martial
ardor.
3. pl. Bright and effulgent spirits;
seraphim. [Thus used by Milton.]
Syn. -- Fervor; warmth; eagerness. See
Fervor.
Ar"du*ous (?; 135), a. [L.
arduus steep, high; akin to Ir. ard high,
height.] 1. Steep and lofty, in a literal
sense; hard to climb.
Those arduous pats they trod.
Pope.
2. Attended with great labor, like the ascending of
acclivities; difficult; laborious; as, an arduous
employment, task, or enterprise.
Syn. -- Difficult; trying; laborious; painful;
exhausting. -- Arduous, Hard,
Difficult. Hard is simpler, blunter, and more
general in sense than difficult; as, a
hard duty to perform, hard work, a
hard task, one which requires much bodily effort and
perseverance to do. Difficult commonly implies
more skill and sagacity than hard, as when there is
disproportion between the means and the end. A work may be
hard but not difficult. We call a thing
arduous when it requires strenuous and persevering
exertion, like that of one who is climbing a precipice; as,
an arduous task, an arduous duty. \'bdIt
is often difficult to control our feelings; it is
still harder to subdue our will; but it is an
arduous undertaking to control the unruly and
contending will of others.\'b8
Ar"du*ous*ly, adv. In an arduous manner;
with difficulty or laboriousness.
Ar"du*ous*ness, n. The quality of being
arduous; difficulty of execution.
Ar"du*rous (#), a. Burning;
ardent. [R.]
Lo! further on,
Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.
Cary.
Are (#). [AS. (Northumbrian)
aron, akin to the 1st pers. pl. forms, Icel.
erum, Goth. sijum, L. sumus, Gr.
/, Skr. smas; all from a root as. / See
Am and Is, and cf. Be.] The
present indicative plural of the substantive verb to
be; but etymologically a different word from
be, or was. Am, art,
are, and is, all come from the root
as.
Are (#), n. [F., fr. L.
area. See Area.] (Metric
system) The unit of superficial measure, being a
square of which each side is ten meters in length; 100 square
meters, or about 119.6 square yards.
A"re*a (?; 277), n.; pl.
Areas (#) . [L. area a
broad piece of level gro///. Cf. Are,
n.] 1. Any plane surface, as of
the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an
inclosure; an open space in a building.
The Alban lake . . . looks like the area of some
vast amphitheater.
Addison.
2. The inclosed space on which a building
stands.
3. The sunken space or court, giving ingress and
affording light to the basement of a building.
4. An extent of surface; a tract of the earth's
surface; a region; as, vast uncultivated
areas.
5. (Geom.) The superficial contents of
any figure; the surface included within any given lines;
superficial extent; as, the area of a square or a
triangle.
6. (Biol.) A spot or small marked space;
as, the germinative area.
7. Extent; scope; range; as, a wide
area of thought.
The largest area of human history and man's common
nature.
F. Harrison.
Dry area. See under Dry.
{ A*read", A*reed" } (#),
v. t. [OE. areden, AS.
\'ber/dan to interpret. See Read.]
1. To tell, declare, explain, or interpret; to
divine; to guess; as, to aread a riddle or a
dream. [Obs.]
Therefore more plain aread this doubtful case.
Spenser.
2. To read. [Obs.]
Drayton.
3. To counsel, advise, warn, or direct.
But mark what I aread thee now. Avaunt!
Milton.
4. To decree; to adjudge.
[Archaic]
Ld. Lytton.
A"re*al (#), a. [Cf. L.
arealis, fr. area.] Of or
pertaining to an area; as, areal interstices (the
areas or spaces inclosed by the reticulate vessels of
leaves).
A*rear" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
\'ber/ran. See Rear.] To raise;
to set up; to stir up. [Obs.]
A*rear", adv. [See Arrear,
adv.] Backward; in or to the rear;
behindhand.
Spenser.
\'d8A*re"ca (#), n. [Canarese
adiki: cf. Pg. & Sp. areca.]
(Bot.) A genus of palms, one species of which
produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India
with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
A*reek" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + reek.] In a reeking
condition.
Swift.
Ar`e*fac"tion (#), n. [L.
arefacere to dry.] The act of drying, or
the state of growing dry.
The arefaction of the earth.
Sir M. Hale.
Ar"e*fy (#), v. t. [L.
arere to be dry + -fly.] To dry,
or make dry.
Bacon.
A*re"na (#), n.; pl. E.
Arenas (#); L. Aren\'91
(#). [L. arena, harena, sand,
a sandy place.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The
area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the
gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called
because it was covered with sand.
2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any
sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the
arena of life.
3. (Med.) \'bdSand\'b8 or \'bdgravel\'b8
in the kidneys.
Ar`e*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
arenaceus, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy or consisting largely of sand; of the nature of sand;
easily disintegrating into sand; friable; as,
arenaceous limestone.
Ar`e*na"ri*ous (#), a. [L.
arenarius, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy; as, arenarious soil.
<-- p. 80 -->
Ar`e*na"tion (#), n. [L.
arenatio, fr. arena sand.]
(Med.) A sand bath; application of hot sand to
the body.
Dunglison.
\'d8Ar`en*da"tor (#), n. [LL.
arendator, arrendator, fr.
arendare, arrendare, to pay rent, fr.
arenda yearly rent; ad + renda, F.
rente, E. rent. Cf. Arrentation
and Rent.] In some provinces of Russia, one
who farms the rents or revenues.
crown arendator.
Tooke.
\'d8A*reng" (#),
\'d8A*ren"ga (#), n.
[Malayan.] A palm tree (Saguerus
saccharifer) which furnishes sago, wine, and fibers for
ropes; the gomuti palm.
Ar`e*nic"o*lite (#), n. [L.
arena sand + colere to cherish or
live.] (Paleon.) An ancient wormhole in
sand, preserved in the rocks.
Dana.
A*ren`i*lit"ic (#), a. [L.
arena sand + Gr. / stone.] Of or
pertaining to sandstone; as, arenilitic
mountains.
Kirwan.
Ar"e*nose (#), a. [L.
arenosus, fr. arena sand.]
Sandy; full of sand.
Johnson.
A*ren"u*lous (#), a. [L.
arenula fine sand, dim. of arena.]
Full of fine sand; like sand. [Obs.]
A*re"o*la (#), n.; pl.
Areol\'91 (#). [L.
areola, dim. of area: cf. F.
ar\'82ole. See Area.] 1.
An interstice or small space, as between the cracks of the
surface in certain crustaceous lichens; or as between the fibers
composing organs or vessels that interlace; or as between the
nervures of an insect's wing.
2. (Anat. & Med.) The colored ring
around the nipple, or around a vesicle or pustule.
A*re"o*lar (#), a. Pertaining
to, or like, an areola; filled with interstices or
areol\'91.
reolar tissue (Anat.), a form of
fibrous connective tissue in which the fibers are loosely
arranged with numerous spaces, or areol\'91, between
them.
{ A*re"o*late (#), A*re"o*la*ted,
} a. [L. areola: cf. F.
ar\'82ole.] Divided into small spaces or
areolations, as the wings of insects, the leaves of plants, or
the receptacle of compound flowers.
A`re*o*la"tion (#), n. 1.
Division into areol\'91.
Dana.
2. Any small space, bounded by some part different
in color or structure, as the spaces bounded by the nervures of
the wings of insects, or those by the veins of leaves; an
areola.
A"re*ole (#), n. Same as
Areola.
A*re"o*let (#), n. [Dim. of L.
areola.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
inclosed area; esp. one of the small spaces on the wings of
insects, circumscribed by the veins.
A`re*om"e*ter (?; 277), n. [Gr.
/ //in, rare + -meter: cf. F.
ar\'82om\'8atre.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the specific gravity of fluids; a form
hydrometer.
{ A`re*o*met"ric (#),
A`re*o*met"ric*al (#), } a.
Pertaining to, or measured by, an areometer.
A`re*om"e*try (#), n. [Gr. /
thin, rare + -metry.] The art or process of
measuring the specific gravity of fluids.
Ar`e*op"a*gist (#), n. See
Areopagite.
Ar`e*op"a*gite (#), n. [L.
Areopagites, Gr. /.] A member of the
Areopagus.
Acts xvii. 34.
Ar`e*op`a*git"ic (#), a. [L.
Areopagiticus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to the
Areopagus.
Mitford.
Ar`e*op"a*gus, n. [L., fr. Gr. /, and
/ /, hill of Ares (Mars' Hill).] The highest
judicial court at Athens. Its sessions were held on Mars' Hill.
Hence, any high court or tribunal
A*re"o*style (#), a. & n. See
Intercolumniation, and Ar\'91ostyle.
A*re`o*sys"tyle (#), a. & n.
See Intercolumniation, and
Ar\'91osystyle.
A*rere" (#), v. t. & i. See
Arear. [Obs.]
Ellis.
A*rest" (#), n. A support for
the spear when couched for the attack. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*ret" (#), v. t. [OE.
aretten, OF. areter; a (L.
ad) + OF. reter, L. reputare.
See Repute.] To reckon; to ascribe; to
impute. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar`e*ta"ics (#), n. [Gr. /
virtue.] The ethical theory which excludes all
relations between virtue and happiness; the science of virtue; --
contrasted with eudemonics.
J. Grote.
Ar`e*tol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ virtue + / discourse, / to speak: cf. F.
ar\'82tologie.] That part of moral
philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of
attaining to it.
A*rew". adv. [See Arow,
Row.] In a row. [Obs.]
\'bdAll her teeth arew.\'b8
Spenser.
Ar"gal (#), n. Crude tartar.
See Argol.
Ar"gal, adv. A ludicrous corruption of
the Latin word ergo, therefore.
Shak.
{ \'d8Ar"gal (#), \'d8Ar"ga*li,
} n. [Mongolian.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of wild sheep (Ovis
ammon, or O. argali), remarkable for its large
horns. It inhabits the mountains of Siberia and central
Asia.
Aoudad. The name is also applied to the bighorn sheep of
the Rocky Mountains. See Bighorn.
\'d8Ar"ga*la (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The adjutant bird.
Ar"gand lamp` (#). [Named from the
inventor, Aim\'82 Argand of Geneva.] A lamp
with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a
current of air both inside and outside of the flame.
Argand burner, a burner for an Argand lamp, or
a gas burner in which the principle of that lamp is
applied.
\'d8Ar"gas (#), n. A genus of
venomous ticks which attack men and animals. The famous Persian
Argas, also called Miana bug, is A.
Persicus; that of Central America, called talaje
by the natives, is A. Talaje.
Ar*ge"an (#), a. Pertaining to
the ship Argo. See Argo.
Ar"gent (#), n. [F.
argent, fr. L. argentum, silver; akin to
Gr. / silver, /, /, white, bright, Skr. rajata
white, silver, raj to shine, Ir. arg white,
milk, airgiod silver, money, and L. arguere
to make clear. See Argue.] 1.
Silver, or money. [Archaic]
2. (Fig. & Poet.) Whiteness; anything
that is white.
The polished argent of her breast.
Tennyson.
3. (Her.) The white color in coats of
arms, intended to represent silver, or, figuratively, purity,
innocence, beauty, or gentleness; -- represented in engraving by
a plain white surface.
Weale.
Ar"gent, a. Made of silver; of a silvery
color; white; shining.
Yonder argent fields above.
Pope.
Ar*gen"tal (#), a. Of or
pertaining to silver; resembling, containing, or combined with,
silver.
Ar"gen*tan, n. An alloy of nicked with
copper and zinc; German silver.
Ar"gen*tate, a. [L.
argentatus silvered.] (Bot.)
Silvery white.
Gray.
Ar`gen*ta"tion, n. [L.
argentare to silver, fr. argentum silver.
See Argent.] A coating or overlaying with
silver. [R.]
Johnson.
Ar*gen"tic (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, silver; -- said of certain compounds of silver in
which this metal has its lowest proportion; as,
argentic chloride.
Ar`gen*tif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
argentum silver + -ferous: cf. F.
argentif\'8are.] Producing or containing
silver; as, argentiferous lead ore or
veins.
Ar"gen*tine (?; in the 2d sense, commonly ?),
a. 1. Pertaining to, or resembling,
silver; made of, or sounding like, silver; silvery.
Celestial Dian, goddess argentine.
Shak.
2. Of or pertaining to the Argentine Republic in
South America.
Ar"gen*tine, n. [Cf. F.
argentin, fr. L. argentum silver.]
1. (Min.) A siliceous variety of
calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly
luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure.
2. White metal coated with silver.
Simmonds.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of Europe
(Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales. The name
is also applied to various fishes of the genus
Argentina.
4. A citizen of the Argentine Republic.
Ar"gen*tite (#), n. [L.
argentum silver.] (Min.)
Sulphide of silver; -- also called vitreous
silver, or silver glance. It has a
metallic luster, a lead-gray color, and is sectile like
lead.
Ar*gen"tous (#), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, silver;
-- said of certain silver compounds in which silver has a higher
proportion than in argentic compounds; as, argentous
chloride.
Ar"gent*ry (#), n. [F.
argenterie, fr. argent silver, L.
argentum.] Silver plate or vessels.
[Obs.]
Bowls of frosted argentry.
Howell.
Ar"gil (#), n. [F.
argile, L. argilla white clay, akin to Gr.
/ or / argil, / white. See Argent.]
(Min.) Clay, or potter's earth; sometimes pure
clay, or alumina. See Clay.
Ar`gil*la"ceous (#), a. [L.
argillaceus, fr. argilla.] Of
the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay;
clayey.
Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a
sandstone containing much clay. -- Argillaceous iron
ore, the clay ironstone. --
Argillaceous schist or state.
See Argillite.
Ar`gil*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
argilla white clay + -ferous.]
Producing clay; -- applied to such earths as abound with
argil.
Kirwan.
Ar"gil*lite (#), n. [Gr. /
clay + -lite.] (Min.)
Argillaceous schist or slate; clay slate. Its colors is
bluish or blackish gray, sometimes greenish gray, brownish red,
etc. -- Ar`gil*lit"ic,
a.
Ar*gil`lo-are`e*na"ceous (#), a.
Consisting of, or containing, clay and sand, as a
soil.
Ar*gil`lo-cal*ca"re*ous (#), a.
Consisting of, or containing, clay and calcareous
earth.
Ar*gil`lo-fer*ru"gi*nous (#), a.
Containing clay and iron.
Ar*gil"lous (#), a. [L.
argillosus, fr. argilla. See
Argil.] Argillaceous; clayey.
Sir T. Browne.
Ar"give (#), a. [L.
Argivus, fr. Argos, Argi.]
Of or performance to Argos, the capital of Argolis in
Greece. -- n. A native of Argos.
Often used as a generic term, equivalent to Grecian or
Greek.
\'d8Ar"go (#), n. [L.
Argo, Gr. /.] 1. (Myth.)
The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four
companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece.
2. (Astron.) A large constellation in
the southern hemisphere, called also Argo
Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three
divisions, Carina, Puppis, and
Vela.
Ar*go"an (#), a. Pertaining to
the ship Argo.
Ar"goile (#), n. Potter's
clay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar"gol (#), n. [Cf.
Argal, Orgal. Of unknown origin.]
Crude tartar; an acidulous salt from which cream of tartar
is prepared. It exists in the juice of grapes, and is deposited
from wines on the sides of the casks.
Ure.
Ar*gol"ic (#), a. [L.
Argolicus, Gr. /.] Pertaining to Argolis,
a district in the Peloponnesus.
Ar"gon (#), n. [Gr. /
inactive.] (Chem.) A substance regarded as
an element, contained in the atmosphere and remarkable for its
chemical inertness.
Rayleigh and Ramsay.
Ar"go*naut (#), n. [L.
Argonauta, Gr. /; / + / sailor, / ship. See
Argo.] 1. Any one of the legendary
Greek heroes who sailed with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the
Golden Fleece.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod of the genus
Argonauta.
\'d8Ar`go*nau"ta (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is
called paper nautilus or paper
sailor.
Hectocotylus.
Ar"go*naut"ic (#), a. [L.
Argonauticus.] Of or pertaining to the
Argonauts.
Ar"go*sy (#), n.; pl.
Argosies (#). [Earlier
ragusy, fr. ragusa meaning orig. a vessel
of Ragusa.] A large ship, esp. a merchant vessel of
the largest size.
Where your argosies with portly sail . . .
Do overpeer the petty traffickers.
Shak.
\'d8Ar`got" (#), n. [F. Of
unknown origin.] A secret language or conventional
slang peculiar to thieves, tramps, and vagabonds; flash.
Ar"gu*a*ble (#), a. Capable of
being argued; admitting of debate.
Ar"gue (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Argued (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Arguing.]
[OE. arguen, F. arguer, fr. L.
argutare, freq. of arguere to make clear;
from the same root as E. argent.] 1.
To invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a
proposition, opinion, or measure; to use arguments; to
reason.
I argue not
Against Heaven's hand or will.
Milton.
2. To contend in argument; to dispute; to reason;
-- followed by with; as, you may argue
with your friend without convincing him.
Ar"gue, v. t. 1. To debate or
discuss; to treat by reasoning; as, the counsel
argued the cause before a full court; the cause was well
argued.
2. To prove or evince; too manifest or exhibit by
inference, deduction, or reasoning.
So many laws argue so many sins.
Milton.
3. To persuade by reasons; as, to
argue a man into a different opinion.
4. To blame; to accuse; to charge with.
[Obs.]
Thoughts and expressions . . . which can be truly
argued of obscenity, profaneness, or immorality.
Dryden.
Syn. -- to reason; evince; discuss; debate; expostulate;
remonstrate; controvert. -- To Argue,
Dispute, Debate. These words, as here compared,
suppose a contest between two parties in respect to some point at
issue. To argue is to adduce arguments or reasons in
support of one's cause or position. To dispute is to
call in question or deny the statements or arguments of the
opposing party. To debate is to strive for or against
in a somewhat formal manner by arguments.
Men of many words sometimes argue for the sake of
talking; men of ready tongues frequently dispute for
the sake of victory; men in public life often debate
for the sake of opposing the ruling party, or from any other
motive than the love of truth.
Crabb.
Unskilled to argue, in dispute yet loud,
Bold without caution, without honors proud.
Falconer.
Betwixt the dearest friends to raise debate.
Dryden.
Ar"gu*er (#), n. One who
argues; a reasoner; a disputant.
Ar"gu*fy (#), v. t. & i.
[Argue + -fy.] 1.
To argue pertinaciously. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.
2. To signify. [Colloq.]
\'d8Ar"gu*lus (#), n. [NL., dim
of Argus.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
copepod Crustacea, parasitic of fishes; a fish louse. See
Branchiura.
Ar"gu*ment (#), n. [F.
argument, L. argumentum, fr.
arguere to argue.] 1. Proof;
evidence. [Obs.]
There is.. no more palpable and convincing argument
of the existence of a Deity.
Ray.
Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an
argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and
to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for
religion?
South.
2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce
belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words;
as, an argument about, concerning, or
regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it,
or against it.
3. A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up
of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
The argument is about things, but names.
Locke.
4. The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or
artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or
summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.
You and love are still my argument.
Shak.
The abstract or argument of the piece.
Jeffrey.
[Shields] with boastful argument portrayed.
Milton.
5. Matter for question; business in hand.
[Obs.]
Sheathed their swords for lack of argument.
Shak.
6. (Astron.) The quantity on which
another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the
argument of the refraction.
7. (Math.) The independent variable upon
whose value that of a function depends.
Brande & C.
<-- p. 81 -->
Ar"gu*ment (#), v. i. [L.
argumentari.] To make an argument; to
argue. [Obs.]
Gower.
Ar`gu*men"ta*ble (#), a. [L.
argumentabilis.] Admitting of
argument. [R.]
Chalmers.
Ar`gu*men"tal (#), a. [L.
argumentalis.] Of, pertaining to, or
containing, argument; argumentative.
Ar`gu*men*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
argumentatio, from argumentari: cf. F.
argumentation.] 1. The act of
forming reasons, making inductions, drawing conclusions, and
applying them to the case in discussion; the operation of
inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts
or principles known, admitted, or proved to be true.
Which manner of argumentation, how false and naught
it is, . . . every man that hath with perceiveth.
Tyndale.
2. Debate; discussion.
Syn. -- Reasoning; discussion; controversy. See
Reasoning.
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive (#), a.
1. Consisting of, or characterized by, argument;
containing a process of reasoning; as, an
argumentative discourse.
2. Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the
adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of
infinite wisdom in the Creator. [Obs.]
3. Given to argument; characterized by argument;
disputatious; as, an argumentative
writer.
--Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ly, adv. --
Ar`gu*men"ta*tive*ness, n.
Ar"gu*men*tize (#), v. i. To
argue or discuss. [Obs.]
Wood.
\'d8Ar"gus (#), n. [L.
Argus, Gr. /.] 1. (Myth.)
A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred
eyes, who has placed by Juno to guard Io. His eyes were
transplanted to the peacock's tail.
2. One very vigilant; a guardian always
watchful.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of East Indian
pheasants. The common species (A. giganteus) is
remarkable for the great length and beauty of the wing and tail
feathers of the male. The species A. Grayi inhabits
Borneo.
Ar"gus-eyed (#), a. Extremely
observant; watchful; sharp-sighted.
Ar"gus shell` (#) . (Zo\'94l.)
A species of shell (Cypr\'91a argus), beautifully
variegated with spots resembling those in a peacock's tail.
Ar`gu*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
argutatio. See Argue.] Caviling;
subtle disputation. [Obs.]
Ar*gute" (#), a. [L.
argutus, p. p. of arguere. See
Argue.] 1. Sharp; shrill.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
2. Sagacious; acute; subtle; shrewd.
The active preacher . . . the argue schoolman.
Milman.
Ar*gute"ly, adv. In a subtle;
shrewdly.
Ar*gute"ness, n. Acuteness.
Dryden.
A*rhi"zal (#), A*rhi"zous
(#), A*rhyth"*mic (#),
A*rhyth"mous (#), a. See
Arrhizal, Arrhizous, Arrhythmic,
Arrhythmous.
\'d8A"ri*a (#), n. [It., fr. L.
a\'89r. See Air.] (Mus.)
An air or song; a melody; a tune.
Ar"ian (#), a. & n.
(Ethnol.) See Aryan.
A"ri*an (#), a. [L.
Arianus.] Pertaining to Arius, a presbyter
of the church of Alexandria, in the fourth century, or to the
doctrines of Arius, who held Christ to be inferior to God the
Father in nature and dignity, though the first and noblest of all
created beings. -- n. One who
adheres to or believes the doctrines of Arius.
Mosheim.
A"ri*an*ism (#), n. The
doctrines of the Arians.
A"ri*an*ize (#), v. i. To admit
or accept the tenets of the Arians; to become an Arian.
A"ri*an*ize, v. t. To convert to
Arianism.
Ar"i*cine (#), n. [From
Arica, in Chile.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid, first found in white cinchona bark.
Ar"id (#), a. [L.
aridus, fr. arere to be dry: cf. F.
aride.] Exhausted of moisture; parched with
heat; dry; barren. \'bdAn arid waste.\'b8
Thomson.
A*rid"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Aridities (#). [L.
ariditas, fr. aridus.] 1.
The state or quality of being arid or without moisture;
dryness.
2. Fig.: Want of interest of feeling;
insensibility; dryness of style or feeling; spiritual
drought.
Norris.
Ar"id*ness (#), n. Aridity;
dryness.
A"ri*el (#), n., A"ri*el ga*zelle" (#). [Ar.
aryil, ayyil, stag.]
(Zo\'94l.) A) A variety of the gazelle
(Antilope, or Gazella, dorcas), found in Arabia and
adjacent countries. (b) A squirrel-like Australian
marsupial, a species of Petaurus. (c) A
beautiful Brazilian toucan Ramphastos ariel).
\'d8A"ri*es, n. [L.] 1.
(Astron.) (a) The Ram; the first of the
twelve signs in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the vernal
equinox, about the 21st of March. (b) A
constellation west of Taurus, drawn on the celestial globe in the
figure of a ram.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) A battering-ram.
Ar"i*e*tate (#), v. i. [L.
arietatus, p. p. of arietare, fr.
aries ram.] To butt, as a ram.
[Obs.]
Ar`i*e*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
arietatio.] 1. The act of butting
like a ram; act of using a battering-ram.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Act of striking or conflicting.
[R.]
Glanvill.
{ \'d8A`ri*et"ta (#), Ar`i*ette"
(#), } n. [It. arietta,
dim. of aria; F. ariette.]
(Mus.) A short aria, or air. \'bdA military
ariette.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
A*right" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + right.] Rightly; correctly;
in a right way or form; without mistake or crime; as, to
worship God aright.
Ar"il (#), \'d8A*ril"lus
(#), n. [From LL.
arilli dry grapes, perh. fr. L. aridus dry:
cf. F,. arille.] (Bot.) A
exterior covering, forming a false coat or appendage to a seed,
as the loose, transparent bag inclosing the seed or the white
water lily. The mace of the nutmeg is also an
aril.
Gray.
Ar"il*late (#). Ar"l*la`ted
(#), Ar"iled (#), a.
[Cf. NL. arillatus, F.
arill\'82.] Having an aril.
A"ri*man (#), n. See
Ahriman.
Ar`i*o*la"tion (#), n. [L.
ariolatio, hariolatio, fr.
hariolari to prophesy, fr. hariolus
soothsayer.] A soothsaying; a foretelling.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Ar"i*ose (#), a. [It.
arioso, fr. aria.] Characterized
by melody, as distinguished from harmony.
Mendelssohn wants the ariose beauty of Handel;
vocal melody is not his forte; the interest of his airs
harmonic.
Foreign Quart. Rev.
\'d8A`ri*o"so (#), adv. & a.
[It.] (Mus.) In the smooth and
melodious style of an air; ariose.
A*rise" (#), v. i.
[imp. Arose (#); p.
pr. & vb. n. Arising; p. p.
Arisen (#).]. [AS.
\'ber\'c6san; \'be (equiv. to Goth.
us-, ur-, G. er-, orig. meaning
out) + r\'c6san to rise; cf. Goth. urreisan
to arise. See Rise.] 1. To
come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the
horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount;
to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling
posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he
arose early in the morning.
2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or
notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to
act a part; to present itself; as, the waves of the sea
arose; a persecution arose; the wrath of the
king shall arise.
There arose up a new king . . . which knew not
Joseph.
Ex. i. 8.
The doubts that in his heart arose.
Milton.
3. To proceed; to issue; to spring.
Whence haply mention may arise
Of something not unseasonable to ask.
Milton.
A*rise", n. Rising.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
A*rist" (#), 3d sing. pres. of
Arise, for ariseth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A*ris"ta (#), n. [L.]
(Bot.) An awn.
Gray.
Ar"is*tarch (#), n. [From
Aristarchus, a Greek grammarian and critic, of
Alexandria, about 200 b. c.] A severe
critic.
Knowles.
Ar`is*tar"chi*an (#), a.
Severely critical.
Ar"is*tar`chy (#), n. Severely
criticism.
Ar"is*tar`chy (#), n. Severe
criticism. [Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
A*ris"tate (#), a. [L.
aristatus, fr. arista. See
Arista.] 1. (Bot.) Having
a pointed, beardlike process, as the glumes of wheat;
awned.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a slender, sharp,
or spinelike tip.
Ar`is*toc"ra*cy (#), n.; pl.
Aristocracies (#). [Gr. /; /
best + / to be strong, to rule, / strength; / is perh. from
the same root as E. arm, and orig. meant
fitting: cf. F. aristocratie. See
Arm, and Create, which is related to Gr.
/.] 1. Government by the best
citizens.
2. A ruling body composed of the best
citizens. [Obs.]
In the Senate
Right not our quest in this, I will protest them
To all the world, no aristocracy.
B. Jonson.
3. A form a government, in which the supreme power
is vested in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged
order; an oligarchy.
The aristocracy of Venice hath admitted so many
abuses, trough the degeneracy of the nobles, that the period of
its duration seems approach.
Swift.
4. The nobles or chief persons in a state; a
privileged class or patrician order; (in a popular use) those who
are regarded as superior to the rest of the community, as in
rank, fortune, or intellect.
A*ris"to*crat (?; 277), n. [F.
aristocrate. See Aristocracy.]
1. One of the aristocracy or people of rank in a
community; one of a ruling class; a noble.
2. One who is overbearing in his temper or habits;
a proud or haughty person.
A born aristocrat, bred radical.
Mrs. Browning.
3. One who favors an aristocracy as a form of
government, or believes the aristocracy should govern.
His whole family are accused of being
aristocrats.
Romilly.
{ Ar`is*to*crat"ic (#),
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /: cf. F. aristocratique.]
1. Of or pertaining to an aristocracy; consisting
in, or favoring, a government of nobles, or principal men;
as, an aristocratic constitution.
2. Partaking of aristocracy; befitting aristocracy;
characteristic of, or originating with, the aristocracy; as,
an aristocratic measure; aristocratic pride or
manners. --
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Ar`is*to*crat"ic*al*ness, n.
Ar"is*to*crat`ism (#), n.
1. The principles of aristocrats.
Romilly.
2. Aristocrats, collectively.
[R.]
Ar`is*tol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
dinner + -logy.] The science of
dining.
Quart. Rev.
Ar`is*to*phan"ic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Aristophanes, the Athenian comic poet.
Ar`is*to*te"li*an (?; 277), a.
Of or pertaining to Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher
(384-322 b. c.). -- n. A
follower of Aristotle; a Peripatetic. See
Peripatetic.
Ar`is*to*te"li*an*ism (#). The philosophy
of Aristotle, otherwise called the Peripatetic philosophy.
Ar`is*to*tel"ic (#), a.
Pertaining to Aristotle or to his philosophy.
\'bdAristotelic usage.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Ar"is*to`tle's lan"tern (#).
(Zo\'94l.) The five united jaws and accessory
ossicles of certain sea urchins.
A*ris"tu*late (?; 135), a.
[Dim. fr. arista.] (Bot.)
Pertaining a short beard or awn.
Gray.
Ar"ith*man`cy (#), n. [Gr. /
number + -mancy.] Divination by means of
numbers.
A*rith"me*tic (#), n. [OE.
arsmetike, OF. arismetique, L.
arithmetica, fr. Gr. / (sc. /), fr. /
arithmetical, fr. / to number, fr. / number, prob. fr. same
root as E. arm, the idea of counting coming from that
of fitting, attaching. See Arm. The modern Eng. and
French forms are accommodated to the Greek.] 1.
The science of numbers; the art of computation by
figures.
2. A book containing the principles of this
science.
Arithmetic of sines, trigonometry. --
Political arithmetic, the application of the
science of numbers to problems in civil government, political
economy, and social science. -- Universal
arithmetic, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to
algebra.
Ar`ith*met"ic*al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to arithmetic; according to the rules or method of
arithmetic.
Arithmetical complement of a logarithm. See
Logarithm. -- Arithmetical mean. See
Mean. -- Arithmetical progression.
See Progression. -- Arithmetical
proportion. See Proportion.
Ar`ith*met"ic*al*ly, adv. Conformably to
the principles or methods of arithmetic.
A*rith`me*ti"cian (#), n. [Cf.
F. arithm\'82ticien.] One skilled in
arithmetic.
A*rith"mo*man"cy (#), n.
Arithmancy.
Ar`ith*mom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/ number + -meter: cf. F.
arithmom\'8atre.] A calculating
machine.
Ark (#), n. [OE.
ark, arke, arche, AS.
arc, earc, earce, fr. L.
arca, fr. arcere to inclose, keep off; akin
to Gr. / to keep off.] 1. A chest, or
coffer. [Obs.]
Bearing that precious relic in an ark.
Spenser.
2. (Jewish Hist.) The oblong chest of
acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat
with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in
the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone
containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of
the Covenant.
3. The large, chestlike vessel in which Noah and
his family were preserved during the Deluge. Gen. vi.
Hence: Any place of refuge.
4. A large flatboat used on Western American rivers
to transport produce to market.
Ark"ite (#), a. Belonging to
the ark. [R.]
Faber.
Ark" shell` (#). (Zo\'94l.) A
marine bivalve shell belonging to the genus Arca and
its allies.
Arles (#), n. pl. [Cf. F.
arrhes, Scot. airles. Cf. Earles
penny.] An earnest; earnest money; money paid to
bind a bargain. [Scot.]
Arles penny, earnest money given to
servants. Kersey.
Arm (#), n. [AS.
arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram,
G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm, Icel. armr, Goth.
arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to
Gr. / joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root / to join, to
fit together; cf. Slav. rame. /. See Art,
Article.] 1. The limb of the human
body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the
corresponding limb of a monkey.
2. Anything resembling an arm; as,
(a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a
bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or
prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c)
A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part
of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or
fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard.
(e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the
part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f)
An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A
support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa,
etc.
3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as,
the secular arm; the arm of the law.
To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?
Isa. lii. 1.
Arm's end, the end of the arm; a good distance
off. Dryden. -- Arm's length, the
length of the arm. -- Arm's reach, reach of
the arm; the distance the arm can reach. -- To
go (or walk) arm in arm,
to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of
another. \'bdWhen arm in armwe went along.\'b8
Tennyson. -- To keep at arm's length, to
keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to
come into close contact or familiar intercourse. -- To
work at arm's length, to work
disadvantageously.
Arm, n. [See Arms.]
(Mil.) (a) A branch of the military
service; as, the cavalry arm was made
efficient. (b) A weapon of offense or
defense; an instrument of warfare; -- commonly in the
pl.
Arm, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Armed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arming.] [OE. armen, F.
armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma,
pl., arms. See arms.] 1. To take by
the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.]
And make him with our pikes and partisans
A grave: come, arm him.
Shak.
Arm your prize;
I know you will not lose him.
Two N. Kins.
2. To furnish with arms or limbs.
[R.]
His shoulders broad and strong,
Armed long and round.
Beau. & Fl.
3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or
defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the
country.
Abram . . . armed his trained servants.
Gen. xiv. 14.
4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with
whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency;
as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a
hook in angling.
5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to
prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense.
Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind.
1 Pet. iv. 1.
To arm a magnet, to fit it with an
armature.
Arm, v. i. To provide one's self with
arms, weapons, or means of attack or resistance; to take
arms. \'bd 'Tis time to arm.\'b8
Shak.
<-- p. 82 -->
Ar*ma"da (#), n. [Sp.
armada, L. as if armata (sc.
classic fleet), fr. armatus, p. p. of
armare. See Arm, v. t.
Army.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron.
Specifically, the Spanish fleet which was sent to assail England,
a. d. 1558.
Ar`ma*dil"lo (#), n.; pl.
Armadillos (#). [Sp.
armadillo, dim. of armado armed, p. p. of
armar to arm. Do called from being armed with a bony
shell.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any
edentate animal if the family Dasypid\'91, peculiar to
America. The body and head are incased in an armor composed of
small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom
going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a
ball, presenting the armor on all sides. Their flesh is good
food. There are several species, one of which (the peba) is found
as far north as Texas. See Peba, Poyou,
Tatouay. (b) A genus of small isopod
Crustacea that can roll themselves into a ball.
Ar*ma"do (#), n. Armada.
[Obs.]
Ar"ma*ment (#), n. [L.
armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship,
fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F.
armement.] 1. A body of forces
equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. \'bdThe
whole united armament of Greece.\'b8
Glover.
2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and
small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a
ship or a fortification.
3. Any equipment for resistance.
Ar`ma*men"ta*ry (#), n. [L.
armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F.
armamentaire.] An armory; a magazine or
arsenal. [R.]
Ar"ma*ture (#), n. [L.
armatura, fr. armare to arm: cf. F.
armature. See Arm, v. t.,
Armor.] 1. Armor; whatever is worn
or used for the protection and defense of the body, esp. the
protective outfit of some animals and plants.
2. (Magnetism) A piece of soft iron used
to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electro-magnet, in order
to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic
force. In the ordinary horseshoe magnet, it serves to prevent the
dissipation of the magnetic force.
3. (Arch.) Iron bars or framing employed
for the consolidation of a building, as in sustaining slender
columns, holding up canopies, etc.
Oxf. Gloss.
Arm"chair` (#), n. A chair with
arms to support the elbows or forearms.
Tennyson.
Armed (#), a. 1.
Furnished with weapons of offense or defense; furnished with
the means of security or protection. \'bdAnd
armed host.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Furnished with whatever serves to add strength,
force, or efficiency.
A distemper eminently armed from heaven.
De Foe.
3. (Her.) Having horns, beak, talons,
etc; -- said of beasts and birds of prey.
Armed at all points (Blazoning),
completely incased in armor, sometimes described as
armed cap-\'85-pie. Cussans. --
Armed en flute. (Naut.) See under
Flute. -- Armed magnet, a magnet
provided with an armature. -- Armed neutrality.
See under Neutrality.
Ar*me"ni*an (#), a. [Cf. F.
Arm\'82nien, L. Armenias, fr.
Armenia.] Of or pertaining to
Armenia.
Armenian bole, a soft clayey earth of a bright
red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. -- Armenian
stone. (a) The commercial name of lapis
lazuli. (b) Emery.
Ar*me"ni*an, n. 1. A native or
one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the
Armenians.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the
Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and
practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman
Catholic.
Arm"et (#), n. [F., dim. of
arme arm, or corrupted for healmet
helmet.] A kind of helmet worn in the 14th, 15th, and
16th centuries.
Arm"ful (#), n.; pl.
Armfulus (#). As much as the arm
can hold.
Arm"gaunt` (#), a. With gaunt
or slender legs. (?) \'bdAn armgaunt steed.\'b8
Shak.
Arm"-gret` (#), a. Great as a
man's arm. [Obs.]
A wreath of gold, arm-gret.
Chaucer.
Arm"hole` (#), n.
[Arm + hole.] 1.
The cavity under the shoulder; the armpit.
Bacon.
2. A hole for the arm in a garment.
Ar*mif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
armifer; arma arms + ferre to
bear.] Bearing arms or weapons.
[R.]
Ar"mi*ger (#), n. [L.
armiger armor bearer; arma arms +
gerere to bear.] Formerly, an armor bearer,
as of a knight, an esquire who bore his shield and rendered other
services. In later use, one next in degree to a knight, and
entitled to armorial bearings. The term is now superseded by
esquire.
Jacob.
Ar*mig"er*ous (#), a. Bearing
arms. [R.]
They belonged to the armigerous part of the
population, and were entitled to write themselves Esquire.
De Quincey.
Ar"mil (#), n. [L.
armilla a bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. OF.
armille.] 1. A bracelet.
[Obs.]
2. An ancient astronomical instrument.
equinoctial armil; when of two or more rings, one
in the plane of the meridian, for observing the solstices, it is
called a solstitial armil.
Whewell.
\'d8Ar*mil"la (#), n.; pl. E.
Armillas (#), L. Armill\'91
(#). [L., a bracelet.] 1.
An armil.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A ring of hair or feathers
on the legs.
Ar"mil*la*ry (#), a. [LL.
armillarius, fr. L. armilla arm ring,
bracelet, fr. armus arm: cf. F. armillaire.
See Arm, n.] Pertaining to, or
resembling, a bracelet or ring; consisting of rings or
circles.
Armillary sphere, an ancient astronomical
machine composed of an assemblage of rings, all circles of the
same sphere, designed to represent the positions of the important
circles of the celestial sphere.
Nichol.
Arm"ing (#), n. 1. The
act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.
The arming was now universal.
Macaulay.
2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a
cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand,
shells, etc., of the sea bottom.
Totten.
3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress
cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works
on holidays.
Arming press (Bookbinding), a press
for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books.
Ar*min"i*an (?; 277), a. Of or
pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines.
See note under Arminian, n.
Ar*min"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b.
1560, d. 1609).
The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and
reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2.
Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ
for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of
the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must
be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit,
which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5.
That man may relapse from a state of grace.
Ar*min"i*an*ism (#), n. The
religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians.
Ar*mip"o*tence (#), n. [L.
armipotentia, fr. armipotents.]
Power in arms. [R.]
Johnson.
Ar*mip"o*tent (#), a. [L.
armipotents; arma arms + potens
powerful, p. pr. of posse to be able.]
Powerful in arms; mighty in battle.
The temple stood of Mars armipotent.
Dryden.
{ Ar*mis"o*nant (#),
Ar*mis"o*nous (#), } a.
[L. armisonus; arma arms +
sonare (p. pr. sonans) to sound.]
Rustling in arms; resounding with arms.
[Obs.]
Ar"mis*tice (#), n. [F.
armistice, fr. (an assumed word) L.
armistitium; arma arms + stare,
statum (combining form, -stitum), to stand
still.] A cessation of arms for a short time, by
convention; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement; a
truce.
Arm"less (#), a. 1.
Without any arm or branch.
2. Destitute of arms or weapons.
Arm"let (#), n. [Arm
+ -let.] 1. A small arm; as,
an armlet of the sea.
Johnson.
2. An arm ring; a bracelet for the upper arm.
3. Armor for the arm.
Ar*mo"ni*ac (#), a.
Ammoniac. [Obs.]
Ar"mor (#), n. [OE.
armure, fr. F. armure, OF.
armeure, fr. L. armatura. See
Armature.] [Spelt also
armour.] 1. Defensive arms for
the body; any clothing or covering worn to protect one's person
in battle.
armor is used for the
whole apparatus of war, including offensive as well as defensive
arms. The statues of armor directed what arms every
man should provide.
2. Steel or iron covering, whether of ships or
forts, protecting them from the fire of artillery.
Coat armor, the escutcheon of a person or
family, with its several charges and other furniture, as
mantling, crest, supporters, motto, etc. --
Submarine, a water-tight dress or covering for a
diver. See under Submarine.
Ar"mor-bear`er (#), n. One who
carries the armor or arms of another; an armiger.
Judg. ix. 54.
Ar"mored (#), a. Clad with
armor.
Ar"mor*er (#), n. [OE.
armurer, armerer, fr. F.
armurter, fr. armure armor.] 1.
One who makes or repairs armor or arms.
2. Formerly, one who had care of the arms and armor
of a knight, and who dressed him in armor.
Shak.
3. One who has the care of arms and armor, cleans
or repairs them, etc.
Ar*mo"ri*al (#), a. [F.
armorial, fr. armoiries arms, coats of
arms, for armoieries, fr. OF. armoier to
paint arms, coats of arms, fr. armes, fr. L.
arma. See Arms, Armory.]
Belonging to armor, or to the heraldic arms or escutcheon of
a family.
Figures with armorial signs of race and birth.
Wordsworth.
Armorial bearings. See Arms,
4.
{ Ar*mor"ic (#), Ar*mor"i*can
(#), } a. [L.
Armoricus, fr. Celtic ar on, at +
mor sea.] Of or pertaining to the
northwestern part of France (formerly called Armorica,
now Bretagne or Brittany), or to its people. --
n. The language of the Armoricans, a
Celtic dialect which has remained to the present
times.
Ar*mor"i*can, n. A native of
Armorica.
Ar"mor*ist (#), n. [F.
armoriste.] One skilled in coat armor or
heraldry.
Cussans.
Ar"mor-plat`ed (#), a. Covered
with defensive plates of metal, as a ship of war;
steel-clad.
This day will be launched . . . the first
armor-plated steam frigate in the possession of Great
Britain.
Times (Dec. 29, 1860).
Ar"mo*ry (#), n.; pl.
Armories (#). [OF.
armaire, armarie, F. armoire,
fr. L. armarium place for keeping arms; but confused
with F. armoiries. See Armorial,
Ambry.] 1. A place where arms and
instruments of war are deposited for safe keeping.
2. Armor: defensive and offensive arms.
Celestial armory, shields, helms, and spears.
Milton.
3. A manufactory of arms, as rifles, muskets,
pistols, bayonets, swords. [U.S.]
4. Ensigns armorial; armorial bearings.
Spensplw.
5. That branch of hplwaldry which treats of coat
armor.
The science of heraldry, or, more justly speaking,
armory, which is but one branch of heraldry, is,
without doubt, of very ancient origin.
Cussans.
{ Ar`mo*zeen", Ar`mo*zine" }
(#), n.
[ets>armosin, armoisin.] A thick
plain silk, generally black, and used for clerical.
Simmonds.
Arm"pit` (#), n.
[Arm + pit.] The hollow
beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder; the axilla.
Arm"rack` (#), n. A frame,
generally vertical, for holding small arms.
Arms (#), n. pl. [OE.
armes, F. arme, pl. armes, fr.
L. arma, pl., arms, orig. fittings, akin to
armus shoulder, and E. arm. See
Arm, n.] 1. Instruments
or weapons of offense or defense.
He lays down his arms, but not his wiles.
Milton.
Three horses and three goodly suits of arms.
Tennyson.
2. The deeds or exploits of war; military service
or science. \'bdArms and the man I sing.\'b8
Dryden.
3. (Law) Anything which a man takes in
his hand in anger, to strike or assault another with; an
aggressive weapon.
Cowell. Blackstone.
4. (Her.) The ensigns armorial of a
family, consisting of figures and colors borne in shields,
banners, etc., as marks of dignity and distinction, and
descending from father to son.
5. (Falconry) The legs of a hawk from
the thigh to the foot.
Halliwell.
Bred to arms, educated to the profession of a
soldier. -- In arms, armed for war; in a
state of hostility. -- Small arms, portable
firearms known as muskets, rifles, carbines, pistols, etc.
-- A stand of arms, a complete set for one
soldier, as a musket, bayonet, cartridge box and belt;
frequently, the musket and bayonet alone. -- To
arms! a summons to war or battle. -- Under
arms, armed and equipped and in readiness for battle,
or for a military parade.
Arm's end, Arm's length, Arm's
reach. See under Arm.
Ar"mure (#), n. [F. See
Armor.] 1. Armor.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A variety of twilled fabric ribbed on the
surface.
Ar"my (#), n. [F.
arm\'82e, fr. L. armata, fem. of
armatus, p. p. of armare to arm. Cf.
Armada.] 1. A collection or body of
men armed for war, esp. one organized in companies, battalions,
regiments, brigades, and divisions, under proper officers.
2. A body of persons organized for the advancement
of a cause; as, the Blue Ribbon Army.
3. A great number; a vast multitude; a host.
An army of good words.
Shak.
Standing army, a permanent army of
professional soldiers, as distinguished from militia or
volunteers.
Ar"my worm` (#). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval
state often travels in great multitudes from field to field,
destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of
the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The
name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton
worm. (b) The larva of a small two-winged fly
(Sciara), which marches in large companies, in regular
order. See Cotton worm, under Cotton.
\'d8Ar"na (#), \'d8Ar"nee
(#), n. (Zo\'94l.) The
wild buffalo of India (Bos, or Bubalus, arni), larger
than the domestic buffalo and having enormous horns.
Ar*nat"to (#), n. See
Annotto.
Ar"ni*ca (#), n. [Prob. a
corruption of ptarmica.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants; also, the most important species
(Arnica montana), native of the mountains of Europe,
used in medicine as a narcotic and stimulant.
arnica is applied
externally as a remedy for bruises, sprains, etc.
Ar"ni*cin (#), n. [See
Arnica.] (Chem.) An active
principle of Arnica montana. It is a bitter
resin.
Ar"ni*cine (#), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the arnica
plant.
{ Ar"not (#), Ar"nut
(#), } n. [Cf. D.
aardnoot, E. earthut.] The
earthnut. [Obs.]
Ar*not"to (#), n. Same as
Annotto.
A"roid (#), A*roid"e*ous
(#), a. [Arum +
-oid.] (Bot.) Belonging to, or
resembling, the Arum family of plants.
A*roint" (#), interj. [Cf.
Prov. E. rynt, rynt thee, roynt,
or runt, terms used by milkmaids to a cow that has
been milked, in order to drive her away, to make room for others;
AS. r/man to make room or way, fr. r/m
room. The final t is perh. for ta, for
thou. Cf. Room space.] Stand off,
or begone. [Obs.]
Aroint thee, witch, the rump-fed ronyon cries.
Shak.
A*roint", v. t. To drive or scare off by
some exclamation. [R.] \'bdWhiskered cats
arointed flee.\'b8 Mrs. Browning.
A*ro"ma (#), n. [L.
aroma, Gr. /: cf. OE. aromaz,
aromat, spice, F. aromate.]
1. The quality or principle of plants or other
substances which constitutes their fragrance; agreeable odor;
as, the aroma of coffee.
2. Fig.: The fine diffusive quality of intellectual
power; flavor; as, the subtile aroma of
genius.
{ Ar`o*mat"ic (#), Ar`o*mat"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
aromaticus, Gr. /: cf. F. aromatique. See
Aroma.] Pertaining to, or containing, aroma;
fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odoriferous; as,
aromatic balsam.
<-- p. 83 -->
Aromatic compound (Chem.), one of a
large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds,
wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of
which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most
important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the
benzene group, C6H6. The term is extended also
to many of their derivatives. -- Aromatic
vinegar. See under Vinegar.
Ar`o*mat"ic (#), n. A plant,
drug, or medicine, characterized by a fragrant smell, and usually
by a warm, pungent taste, as ginger, cinnamon spices.
Ar`o*mat`i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. aromatisation.] The act of impregnating
or secting with aroma.
A*ro"ma*tize (?; 277), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aromatized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aromatizing.] [L.
aromatizare, Gr. /: cf. F.
aromatiser.] To impregnate with aroma; to
render aromatic; to give a spicy scent or taste to; to
perfume.
Bacon.
A*ro"ma*ti`zer (#), n. One who,
or that which, aromatizes or renders aromatic.
Evelyn.
A*ro"ma*tous (#), a.
Aromatic. [Obs.]
Caxton.
Ar"oph (#), n. [A contraction
of aroma philosophorum.] A
barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various
medical remedies. [Obs.]
A*rose" (#). The past or preterit tense of
Arise.
A*round" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + round.] 1. In a
circle; circularly; on every side; round.
2. In a circuit; here and there within the
surrounding space; all about; as, to travel around
from town to town.
3. Near; in the neighborhood; as, this man was
standing around when the fight took place.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Round, the shorter form, adv. &
prep., which, in some of the meanings, is more commonly
used.
A*round", prep. 1. On all sides
of; encircling; encompassing; so as to make the circuit of;
about.
A lambent flame arose, which gently spread
Around his brows.
Dryden.
2. From one part to another of; at random through;
about; on another side of; as, to travel around the
country; a house standing around the corner.
[Colloq. U. S.]
A*rous"al (#), n. The act of
arousing, or the state of being aroused.
Whatever has associated itself with the arousal and
activity of our better nature.
Hare.
A*rouse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aroused
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arousing.] [Pref. a- +
rouse.] To excite to action from a state of
rest; to stir, or put in motion or exertion; to rouse; to excite;
as, to arouse one from sleep; to arouse the
dormant faculties.
Grasping his spear, forth issued to arouse
His brother, mighty sovereign on the host.
Cowper.
No suspicion was aroused.
Merivale.
A*row" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + row.] In a row, line, or
rank; successively; in order.
Shak.
And twenty, rank in rank, they rode arow.
Dryden.
A*roynt" (#), interj. See
Aroint.
\'d8Ar*peg"gio (#), n. [It.,
fr. arpeggiare to play on the harp, fr.
arpa harp.] (Mus.) The
production of the tones of a chord in rapid succession, as in
playing the harp, and not simultaneously; a strain thus
played.
{ Ar"pent (#), Ar"pen
(#), } n. [F. arpent,
fr. L. arepennis, arapennis. According to
Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. to half a Roman
jugerum.] Formerly, a measure of land in
France, varying in different parts of the country. The
arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. yards, or nearly five
sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was
about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English.
Ar`pen*ta"tor (#), n. [See
Arpent.] The Anglicized form of the French
arpenteur, a land surveyor. [R.]
Ar"pine (#), n. An
arpent. [Obs.]
Webster (1623).
Ar"qua*ted (#), a. Shaped like
a bow; arcuate; curved. [R.]
{ Ar"que*bus, Ar"que*buse } (?;
277), n. [F. arquebuse, OF.
harquebuse, fr. D. haak-bus; cf.
G. hakenb\'81chse a gun with a hook. See
Hagbut.] A sort of hand gun or firearm a
contrivance answering to a trigger, by which the burning match
was applied. The musket was a later invention.
[Written also harquebus.]
Ar`que*bus*ade" (#), n. [F.
arquebusade shot of an arquebus; eau
d'arquebusade a vulnerary for gunshot wounds.]
1. The shot of an arquebus.
Ash.
2. A distilled water from a variety of aromatic
plants, as rosemary, millefoil, etc.; -- originally used as a
vulnerary in gunshot wounds.
Parr.
Ar`que*bus*ier (#), n. [F.
arquebusier.] A soldier armed with an
arquebus.
Soldiers armed with guns, of whatsoever sort or denomination,
appear to have been called arquebusiers.
E. Lodge.
Ar"qui*foux (#), n. Same as
Alquifou.
Ar"rach (#), n. See
Orach.
Ar"rack (?; 277), n. [Ar.
araq sweat, juice, spirituous liquor, fr.
araqa to sweat. Cf. Rack arrack.]
A name in the East Indies and the Indian islands for all
ardent spirits. Arrack is often distilled from a fermented
mixture of rice, molasses, and palm wine of the cocoanut tree or
the date palm, etc.
Ar*rag"o*nite (#), n. See
Aragonite.
Ar*raign" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arraigned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arraigning.] [OE. arainen,
arenen, OF. aragnier, aranier,
araisnier, F. arraisonner, fr. LL.
arrationare to address to call before court; L.
ad + ratio reason, reasoning, LL. cause, judgment. See
Reason.] 1. (Law) To call
or set as a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the
matter charged in an indictment or complaint.
Blackstone.
2. To call to account, or accuse, before the bar of
reason, taste, or any other tribunal.
They will not arraign you for want of
knowledge.
Dryden.
It is not arrogance, but timidity, of which the Christian body
should now be arraigned by the world.
I. Taylor.
Syn. -- To accuse; impeach; charge; censure; criminate;
indict; denounce. See Accuse.
Ar*raign", n. Arraignment; as, the
clerk of the arraigns.
Blackstone. Macaulay.
Ar*raign" (#), v. t. [From OF.
aramier, fr. LL. adhramire.]
(Old Eng. Law) To appeal to; to demand; as,
to arraign an assize of novel disseizin.
Ar*raign"er (#), n. One who
arraigns.
Coleridge.
Ar*raign"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
arraynement, aresnement.] 1.
(Law) The act of arraigning, or the state of
being arraigned; the act of calling and setting a prisoner before
a court to answer to an indictment or complaint.
2. A calling to an account to faults;
accusation.
In the sixth satire, which seems only an
Arraignment of the whole sex, there is a latent
admonition.
Dryden.
Ar*rai"ment, Ar*ray"ment
(#), n. [From Array, v.
t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.]
Ar*range" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arranged; p.
pr. & vb. n. Arranging (#).]
[OE. arayngen, OF. arengier, F.
arranger, fr. a (L. ad) + OF.
rengier, rangier, F. ranger. See
Range, v. t.] 1. To put
in proper order; to dispose (persons, or parts) in the manner
intended, or best suited for the purpose; as, troops
arranged for battle.
So [they] came to the market place, and there he
arranged his men in the streets.
Berners.
[They] were beginning to arrange their hampers.
Boswell.
A mechanism previously arranged.
Paley.
2. To adjust or settle; to prepare; to determine;
as, to arrange the preliminaries of an
undertaking.
Syn. -- Adjust; adapt; range; dispose; classify.
Ar*range"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
arrangement.] 1. The act of
arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being
arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form.
2. The manner or result of arranging; system of
parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic
classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the
Linn\'91an arrangement of plants.
3. Preparatory proceeding or measure; preparation;
as, we have made arrangement for receiving
company.
4. Settlement; adjustment by agreement; as, the
parties have made an arrangement between themselves
concerning their disputes; a satisfactory
arrangement.
5. (Mus.) (a) The adaptation of
a composition to voices or instruments for which it was not
originally written. (b) A piece so adapted; a
transcription; as, a pianoforte arrangement of
Beethoven's symphonies; an orchestral arrangement of a
song, an opera, or the like.
Ar*ran"ger (#), n. One who
arranges.
Burke.
Ar"rant (#), a. [OE.
erraunt, errant, errand, equiv.
to E. errant wandering, which was first applied to
vagabonds, as an errant rogue, an errant
thief, and hence passed gradually into its present and
worse sense. See Errant.] Notoriously or
pre\'89minently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense;
shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or
coward.
I discover an arrant laziness in my soul.
Fuller.
2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense.
[Obs.]
An arrant honest woman.
Burton.
Ar"rant*ly, adv. Notoriously, in an ill
sense; infamously; impudently; shamefully.
L'Estrange.
Ar"ras (#), n. [From
Arras the capital of Artois, in the French
Netherlands.] Tapestry; a rich figured fabric;
especially, a screen or hangings of heavy cloth with interwoven
figures.
Stateliest couches, with rich arras spread.
Cowper.
Behind the arras I'll convey myself.
Shak.
Ar"ras, v. t. To furnish with an
arras.
Chapman.
Ar`ras*ene" (#), n. [From
Arras.] A material of wool or silk used for
working the figures in embroidery.
\'d8Ar*ras"tre (#), n.
[Sp.] A rude apparatus for pulverizing ores, esp.
those containing free gold.
Ar"ras*wise` (#),
Ar"ras*ways`, adv. [Prob. a
corruption of arriswise. See Arris.]
Placed in such a position as to exhibit the top and two
sides, the corner being in front; -- said of a rectangular
form.
Encyc. Brit. Cussans.
Ar*raught" (#). [The past tense of an old
v. areach or arreach. Cf. Reach,
obs. pret. raught.] Obtained; seized.
Spenser.
Ar*ray" (#), n. [OE.
arai, arrai, OF. arrai,
arrei, arroi, order, arrangement, dress, F.
arroi; a (L. ad) + OF.
rai, rei, roi, order,
arrangement, fr. G. or Scand.; cf. Goth. raidjan,
garaidjan, to arrange, MHG. gereiten, Icel.
rei\'ebi rigging, harness; akin to E.
ready. Cf. Ready, Greith,
Curry.] 1. Order; a regular and
imposing arrangement; disposition in regular lines; hence, order
of battle; as, drawn up in battle array.
Wedged together in the closest array.
Gibbon.
2. The whole body of persons thus placed in order;
an orderly collection; hence, a body of soldiers.
A gallant array of nobles and cavaliers.
Prescott.
3. An imposing series of things.
Their long array of sapphire and of gold.
Byron.
4. Dress; garments disposed in order upon the
person; rich or beautiful apparel.
Dryden.
5. (Law) (a) A ranking or
setting forth in order, by the proper officer, of a jury as
impaneled in a cause. (b) The panel
itself. (c) The whole body of jurors summoned
to attend the court.
To challenge the array (Law), to
except to the whole panel. Cowell.
Tomlins. Blount. -- Commission of
array (Eng. Hist.), a commission given by
the prince to officers in every county, to muster and
array the inhabitants, or see them in a condition for
war. Blackstone.
Ar*ray", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Arrayed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Arraying.] [OE.
araien, arraien, fr. OE.
arraier, arreier, arreer,
arroier, fr. arrai. See Array,
n.] 1. To place or dispose in
order, as troops for battle; to marshal.
By torch and trumpet fast arrayed,
Each horseman drew his battle blade.
Campbell.
These doubts will be arrayed before their
minds.
Farrar.
2. To deck or dress; to adorn with dress; to cloth
to envelop; -- applied esp. to dress of a splendid kind.
Pharaoh . . . arrayed him in vestures of fine
linen.
Gen. xli./.
In gelid caves with horrid gloom arrayed.
Trumbull.
3. (Law) To set in order, as a jury, for
the trial of a cause; that is, to call them man by man.
Blackstone.
To array a panel, to set forth in order the
men that are impaneled.
Cowell. Tomlins.
Syn. -- To draw up; arrange; dispose; set in order.
Ar*ray"er, n. One who arrays. In some
early English statutes, applied to an officer who had care of the
soldiers' armor, and who saw them duly accoutered.
Ar*rear" (#), adv. [OE.
arere, OF. arere, ariere, F.
arri\'8are, fr. L. ad + retro backward. See
Rear.] To or in the rear; behind;
backwards. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar*rear", n. That which is behind in
payment, or which remains unpaid, though due; esp. a remainder,
or balance which remains due when some part has been paid;
arrearage; -- commonly used in the plural, as,
arrears of rent, wages, or taxes.
Locke.
For much I dread due payment by the Greeks
Of yesterday's arrear.
Cowper.
I have a large arrear of letters to write.
J. D. Forbes.
In arrear In arrears,
behind; backward; behindhand; in debt.
Ar*rear"age (#), n. [F.
arr\'82rage, fr. arri\'8are, OF.
arere. See Arrear.] That which
remains unpaid and overdue, after payment of a part;
arrears.
The old arrearages . . . being defrayed.
Howell.
{ Ar*rect" (#), Ar*rect"ed,
} a. [L. arrectus, p. p. of
arrigere to raise, erect; ad + regere to
lead straight, to direct.] 1. Lifted up;
raised; erect.
2. Attentive, as a person listening.
[Obs.]
God speaks not the idle and unconcerned hearer, but to the
vigilant and arrect.
Smalridge.
Ar*rect", v. t. 1. To
direct. [Obs.]
My supplication to you I arrect.
Skelton.
2. [See Aret.] To impute.
[Obs.]
Sir T. More.
Ar*rect"a*ry (#), n. [L.
arrectarius, fr. arrigere o set up.]
An upright beam. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Ar`re*not"o*kous (#), a. [Gr.
/ bearing males; / a male + / a bringing forth.]
(Zo\'94l.) Producing males from unfertilized
eggs, as certain wasps and bees.
Ar`ren*ta"tion (#). [Cf. F.
arrenter to give or take as rent. See
Arendator.] (O. Eng. Law) A
letting or renting, esp. a license to inclose land in a forest
with a low hedge and a ditch, under a yearly rent.
Ar*rep"tion (#), n. [L.
arripere, arreptum, to seize, snatch;
ad + rapere to snatch. See Rapacious.]
The act of taking away. [Obs.] \'bdThis
arreption was sudden.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Ar`rep*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
arreptitius.] Snatched away; seized or
possessed, as a demoniac; raving; mad; crack-brained.
[Obs.]
Odd, arreptitious, frantic extravagances.
Howell.
Ar*rest" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arrested; p.
pr. & vb. n. Arresting.] [OE.
aresten, OF. arester, F.
arr\'88ter, fr. LL. arrestare; L. ad +
restare to remain, stop; re + stare to stand.
See Rest remainder.] 1. To stop; to
check or hinder the motion or action of; as, to
arrest the current of a river; to arrest the
senses.
Nor could her virtues the relentless hand
Of Death arrest.
Philips.
2. (Law) To take, seize, or apprehend by
authority of law; as, to arrest one for debt, or for
a crime.
of (\'bdI
arrest thee of high treason\'b8) or
on; the modern usage is for.
3. To seize on and fix; to hold; to catch; as,
to arrest the eyes or attention.
Buckminster.
4. To rest or fasten; to fix; to concentrate.
[Obs.]
We may arrest our thoughts upon the divine
mercies.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To obstruct; delay; detain; check; hinder; stop;
apprehend; seize; lay hold of.
Ar*rest", v. i. To tarry; to rest.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar*rest", n. [OE. arest,
arrest, OF. arest, F. arr\'88t,
fr. arester. See Arrest, v. t.,
Arr/t.] 1. The act of stopping, or
restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance;
restraint; as, an arrest of development.
As the arrest of the air showeth.
Bacon.
2. (Law) The taking or apprehending of a
person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a
decree, mandate, or warrant.
William . . . ordered him to be put under
arrest.
Macaulay.
[Our brother Norway] sends out arrests
On Fortinbras; which he, in brief, obeys.
Shak.
3. Any seizure by power, physical or moral.
The sad stories of fire from heaven, the burning of his sheep,
etc., . . . were sad arrests to his troubled
spirit.
Jer. Taylor.
4. (Far.) A scurfiness of the back part
of the hind leg of a horse; -- also named
rat-tails.
White.
Arrest of judgment (Law), the
staying or stopping of a judgment, after verdict, for legal
cause. The motion for this purpose is called a motion in
arrest of judgment.
Ar`res*ta"tion (#), n. [F.
arrestation, LL. arrestatio.]
Arrest. [R.]
The arrestation of the English resident in France
was decreed by the National Convention.
H. M. Williams.
Ar`res*tee" (#), n. [See
Arrest, v.] (Scots Law)
The person in whose hands is the property attached by
arrestment.
Ar*rest"er (#), n. 1.
One who arrests.
2. (Scots Law) The person at whose suit
an arrestment is made. [Also written
arrestor.]
<-- p. 84 -->
Ar*rest"ing (#), a. Striking;
attracting attention; impressive.
This most solemn and arresting occurrence.
J. H. Newman.
Ar*rest"ive (#), a. Tending to
arrest.
McCosh.
Ar*rest"ment, n. [OF.
arrestement.] 1. (Scots Law)
The arrest of a person, or the seizure of his effects; esp.,
a process by which money or movables in the possession of a third
party are attached.
2. A stoppage or check.
Darwin.
\'d8Ar*r\'88t (#), n. [F. See
Arrest, n.] (F. Law)
(a) A judgment, decision, or decree of a court or
high tribunal; also, a decree of a sovereign. (b)
An arrest; a legal seizure.
Ar*ret" (#), v. t. Same as
Aret. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Ar`rha*phos"tic (#), a. [Gr.
/; / priv. + / to sew together.] Seamless.
[R.]
{ Ar*rhi"zal (#), Ar*rhi"zous
(#), } a. [Gr. / not rooted; /
priv. + / a root.] (Bot.) Destitute of a
true root, as a parasitical plant.
{ Ar*rhyth"mic (#), Ar*rhyth"mous
(#), } a. [Gr. /; / priv. +
/ rhythm.] (Med.) Being without rhythm or
regularity, as the pulse.
Ar"rhyt*my (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / rhythm.] Want of rhythm.
[R.]
Ar*ride" (#), v. t. [L.
arridere; ad + ridere to laugh.]
To please; to gratify. [Archaic]
B. Jonson.
Above all thy rarities, old Oxenford, what do most
arride and solace me are thy repositories of moldering
learning.
Lamb.
Ar*riere" (#), n. [F.
arri\'8are. See Arrear.] \'bdThat
which is behind\'b8; the rear; -- chiefly used as an adjective in
the sense of behind, rear,
subordinate.
Arriere fee, Arriere fief,
a fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a
feudatory. -- Arriere vassal, the vassal of a
vassal.
Ar*riere"-ban` (#), n. [F., fr.
OE. arban, heriban, fr. OHG.
hariban, heriban, G. heerbann,
the calling together of an army; OHG. heri an army +
ban a public call or order. The French have
misunderstood their old word, and have changed it into
arri\'8are-ban, though
arri\'8are has no connection with its proper meaning.
See Ban, Abandon.] A proclamation,
as of the French kings, calling not only their immediate
feudatories, but the vassals of these feudatories, to take the
field for war; also, the body of vassals called or liable to be
called to arms, as in ancient France.
Ar"ris (#), n. [OF.
areste, F. ar\'88te, fr. L.
arista the top or beard of an ear of grain, the bone
of a fish.] (Arch.) The sharp edge or
salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether
plane or curved; -- applied particularly to the edges in
moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in
a Doric column.
P. Cyc.
Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used
to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw
off the rain. Gwilt. -- Arris gutter,
a gutter of a V form fixed to the eaves of a building.
Gwilt.
Ar"rish (#), n. [See
Eddish.] The stubble of wheat or grass; a
stubble field; eddish. [Eng.] [Written
also arish, ersh, etc.]
The moment we entered the stubble or arrish.
Blackw. Mag.
Ar"ris*wise` (#), adv.
Diagonally laid, as tiles; ridgewise.
Ar*riv"al (#), n. [From
Arrive.] 1. The act of arriving, or
coming; the act of reaching a place from a distance, whether by
water (as in its original sense) or by land.
Our watchmen from the towers, with longing eyes,
Expect his swift arrival.
Dryden.
2. The attainment or reaching of any object, by
effort, or in natural course; as, our arrival at
this conclusion was wholly unexpected.
3. The person or thing arriving or which has
arrived; as, news brought by the last
arrival.
Another arrival still more important was speedily
announced.
Macaulay.
4. An approach. [Obs.]
The house has a corner arrival.
H. Walpole.
Ar*riv"ance (#), n.
Arrival. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ar*rive" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Arrived
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Arriving.] [OE. ariven to
arrive, land, OF. ariver, F. arriver, fr.
LL. arripare, adripare, to come to shore;
L. ad + ripa the shore or sloping bank of a river. Cf.
Riparian.] 1. To come to the shore
or bank. In present usage: To come in progress by water, or by
traveling on land; to reach by water or by land; -- followed by
at (formerly sometimes by to), also by
in and from. \'bdArrived
in Padua.\'b8
Shak.
[\'92neas] sailing with a fleet from Sicily,
arrived . . . and landed in the country of
Laurentum.
Holland.
There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at
Ipswich.
Macaulay.
2. To reach a point by progressive motion; to gain
or compass an object by effort, practice, study, inquiry,
reasoning, or experiment.
To arrive at, or attain to.
When he arrived at manhood.
Rogers.
We arrive at knowledge of a law of nature by the
generalization of facts.
McCosh.
If at great things thou wouldst
arrive.
Milton.
3. To come; said of time; as, the time
arrived.
4. To happen or occur. [Archaic]
Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives.
Waller.
Ar*rive", v. t. 1. To bring to
shore. [Obs.]
And made the sea-trod ship arrive them.
Chapman.
2. To reach; to come to.
[Archaic]
Ere he arrive the happy isle.
Milton.
Ere we could arrive the point proposed.
Shak.
Arrive at last the blessed goal.
Tennyson.
Ar*rive", n. Arrival.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
How should I joy of thy arrive to hear!
Drayton.
Ar*riv"er (#), n. One who
arrives.
\'d8Ar*ro"ba (#), n. [Sp. and
Pg., from Ar. arrub, ar-rubu, a
fourth part.] 1. A Spanish weight used in
Mexico and South America = 25.36 lbs. avoir.; also, an old
Portuguese weight, used in Brazil = 32.38 lbs. avoir.
2. A Spanish liquid measure for wine = 3.54 imp.
gallons, and for oil = 2.78 imp. gallons.
Ar"ro*gance (#), n. [F., fr. L.
arrogantia, fr. arrogans. See
Arrogant.] The act or habit of arrogating, or
making undue claims in an overbearing manner; that species of
pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity,
estimation, or power, or which exalts the worth or importance of
the person to an undue degree; proud contempt of others;
lordliness; haughtiness; self-assumption; presumption.
I hate not you for her proud arrogance.
Shak.
Syn. -- Haughtiness; hauteur; assumption; lordliness;
presumption; pride; disdain; insolence; conceit; conceitedness.
See Haughtiness.
Ar"ro*gan*cy (#), n.
Arrogance.
Shak.
Ar"ro*gant (#), a. [F.
arrogant, L. arrogans, p. pr. of
arrogare. See Arrogate.] 1.
Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims
of rank or estimation; giving one's self an undue degree of
importance; assuming; haughty; -- applied to persons.
Arrogant Winchester, that haughty prelate.
Shak.
2. Containing arrogance; marked with arrogance;
proceeding from undue claims or self-importance; -- applied to
things; as, arrogant pretensions or
behavior.
Syn. -- Magisterial; lordly; proud; assuming; overbearing;
presumptuous; haughty. See Magisterial.
Ar"ro*gant*ly, adv. In an arrogant
manner; with undue pride or self-importance.
Ar"ro*gant*ness, n. Arrogance.
[R.]
Ar"ro*gate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arrogated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Arrogating
(#).] [L. arrogatus, p. p.
of adrogare, arrogare, to ask, appropriate
to one's self; ad + rogare to ask. See
Rogation.] To assume, or claim as one's own,
unduly, proudly, or presumptuously; to make undue claims to, from
vanity or baseless pretensions to right or merit; as, the
pope arrogated dominion over kings.
He arrogated to himself the right of deciding
dogmatically what was orthodox doctrine.
Macaulay.
Ar`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L.
arrogatio, fr. arrogare. Cf.
Adrogation.] 1. The act of
arrogating, or making exorbitant claims; the act of taking more
than one is justly entitled to.
Hall.
2. (Civ. Law) Adoption of a person of
full age.
Ar"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Making
undue claims and pretension; prone to arrogance.
[R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Ar`ron`disse`ment" (#), n.
[F., fr. arrondir to make round; ad +
rond round, L. rotundus.] A
subdivision of a department. [France]
departments, those into
arrondissements, those into cantons, and
the latter into communes.
Ar*rose" (#), v. t. [F.
arroser.] To drench; to besprinkle; to
moisten. [Obs.]
The blissful dew of heaven does arrose you.
Two N. Kins.
Ar*ro"sion (#), n. [L.
arrodere, arrosum, to gnaw: cf. F.
arrosion.] A gnawing.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Ar"row (#), n. [OE.
arewe, AS. arewe, earh; akin to
Icel. \'94r, \'94rvar, Goth.
arhwazna, and perh. L. arcus bow. Cf.
Arc.] A missile weapon of offense, slender,
pointed, and usually feathered and barbed, to be shot from a
bow.
Broad arrow. (a) An arrow with a
broad head. (b) A mark placed upon British ordnance and
government stores, which bears a rude resemblance to a broad
arrowhead.
Ar"row grass` (#), n.
(Bot.) An herbaceous grasslike plant
(Triglochin palustre, and other species) with pods
opening so as to suggest barbed arrowheads.
Ar"row*head` (#), n. 1.
The head of an arrow.
2. (Bot.) An aquatic plant of the genus
Sagittaria, esp. S. sagittifolia, -- named
from the shape of the leaves.
Ar"row*head`ed, a. Shaped like the head
of an arow; cuneiform.
Arrowheaded characters, characters the
elements of which consist of strokes resembling arrowheads,
nailheads, or wedges; -- hence called also nail-headed,
wedge-formed, cuneiform, or
cuneatic characters; the oldest written characters used
in the country about the Tigris and Euphrates, and subsequently
in Persia, and abounding among the ruins of Persepolis, Nineveh,
and Babylon. See Cuneiform.
Ar"row*root` (#), n. 1.
(Bot.) A west Indian plant of the genus
Maranta, esp. M. arundinacea, now
cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used
the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned
arrows.
2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks
of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, esp. for
children an invalids; also, a similar starch obtained from other
plants, as various species of Maranta and
Curcuma.
Ar"row*wood` (#), n. A shrub
(Viburnum dentatum) growing in damp woods and
thickets; -- so called from the long, straight, slender
shoots.
Ar"row*worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
peculiar transparent worm of the genus Sagitta, living
at the surface of the sea. See Sagitta.
Ar"row*y (#), a. 1.
Consisting of arrows.
How quick they wheeled, and flying, behind them shot
Sharp sleet of arrowy showers.
Milton.
2. Formed or moving like, or in any respect
resembling, an arrow; swift; darting; piercing. \'bdHis
arrowy tongue.\'b8
Cowper.
By the blue rushing of the arrowy Rhone.
Byron.
With arrowy vitalities, vivacities, and
ingenuities.
Carlyle.
\'d8Ar*roy"o (#), n.; pl
Arroyos (#). [Sp., fr. LL.
arrogium; cf. Gr. / river, stream, fr. / to
flow.] 1. A water course; a rivulet.
2. The dry bed of a small stream.
[Western U. S.]
\'d8Ar"schin (#), n. See
Arshine.
Arse, n. [AS. ears;
\'91rs; akin to OHG. ars. G.
arsch, D. aars, Sw. ars, Dan.
arts, Gr. / (cf. / tail).] The
buttocks, or hind part of an animal; the posteriors; the
fundament; the bottom.
Ar"se*nal, n. [Sp. & F.
arsenal arsenal, dockyard, or It. arzanale,
arsenale (cf. It. & darsena dock); all fr.
Ar. d\'ber/in\'be'a house of industry or
fabrication; d\'ber house + /in\'be art,
industry.] A public establishment for the storage, or
for the manufacture and storage, of arms and all military
equipments, whether for land or naval service.
Ar"se*nate (#), n.
(Chem.) A salt of arsenic acid.
Ar*se"ni*ate, n. See
Arsenate. [R.]
Ar"se*nic (?; 277), n. [L.
arsenicum, Gr. /, /, yellow orpiment, perh. fr.
/ or better Attic / masculine, / male, on account of its
strength, or fr. Per. zern\'c6kh: cf. F.
arsenic.] 1. (Chem.)
One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in
its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking
with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray color and brilliant
luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and
sublimes at 356arsenticum
of the ancients. The element and its compounds are active
poisons. Specific gravity from 5.7 to 5.9. Atomic weight. Symbol
As.
2. (Com.) Arsenious oxide or arsenious
anhydride; -- called also arsenious acid,
white arsenic, and
ratsbane.
Ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, arsenic; -- said of those
compounds of arsenic in which this element has its highest
equivalence; as, arsenic acid.
Ar*sen"ic*al, a. Of or pertaining to, or
containing, arsenic; as, arsenical vapor;
arsenical wall papers.
Arsenical silver, an ore of silver containing
arsenic.
Ar*sen"i*cate, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Arsenicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Arsenicating.] To combine with arsenic;
to treat or impregnate with arsenic.
Ar*sen"i*cism, n. (Med.) A
diseased condition produced by slow poisoning with arsenic.
Ar"sen*ide (#), n.
(Chem.) A compound of arsenic with a metal, or
positive element or radical; -- formerly called
arseniuret.
Ar`sen*if"er*ous (#), a.
[Arsenic + -ferous.]
Containing or producing arsenic.
Ar*se"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf. F.
ars\'82nieux.] 1. Pertaining to,
consisting of, or containing, arsenic; as, arsenious
powder or glass.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, arsenic, when having an equivalence next lower than the
highest; as, arsenious acid.
Ar"sen*ite (#), n. [Cf. F.
ars\'82nite.] (Chem.) A salt
formed by the union of arsenious acid with a base.
Ar`se*ni"u*ret (#), n.
(Chem.) See Arsenide.
Ar`se*ni"u*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Combined with arsenic; -- said some elementary substances or
radicals; as, arseniureted hydrogen.
[Also spelt arseniuretted.]
Ar`sen*o*pyr"ite (#), n.
[Arsenic + pyrite.]
(Min.) A mineral of a tin-white color and
metallic luster, containing arsenic, sulphur, and iron; -- also
called arsenical pyrites and
mispickel.
Arse"smart (#), n. Smartweed;
water pepper.
Dr. Prior.
\'d8Ar"shine (#), n. [Russ.
arshin, of Turkish-Tartar origin; Turk.
arshin, arsh\'d4n, ell, yard.] A
Russian measure of length = 2 ft. 4.246 inches.
Ar"sine (#), n. [From
Arsenic.] (Chem.) A compound of
arsenic and hydrogen, AsH3, a colorless and
exceedingly poisonous gas, having and odor like garlic;
arseniureted hydrogen.
\'d8Ar"sis (#), n. [L.
arsis, Gr. / a raising or lifting, an elevation of
the voice, fr. / to raise or apprehension; originally and
properly it denotes the lifting of the hand in beating
time, and hence the unaccented part of the rhythm.]
1. (Pros.) (a) That part of a
foot where the ictus is put, or which is distinguished
from the rest (known as the thesis) of the foot by a
greater stress of voice. Hermann. (b)
That elevation of voice now called metrical
accentuation, or the rhythmic accent.
arsis
originally consisted in a higher musical tone, greater volume, or
longer duration of sound, or in all combined.
2. (Mus.) The elevation of the hand, or
that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the
weak or unaccented part of the bar; -- opposed to
thesis.
Moore.
Ars`met"rike (#), n. [An
erroneous form of arithmetic, as if from L. ars
metrica the measuring art.] Arithmetic.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ar"son (?; 277), n. [OF.
arson, arsun, fr. L. ardere,
arsum, to burn.] (Law) The
malicious burning of a dwelling house or outhouse of another man,
which by the common law is felony; the malicious and voluntary
firing of a building or ship.
Wharton.
Burrill.
Art (#). The second person singular,
indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb
Be; but formed after the analogy of the plural
are, with the ending -t, as in thou
shalt, wilt, orig. an ending of the second
person sing. pret. Cf. Be. Now used only in solemn or
poetical style.
<-- p. 85 -->
Art (#), n. [F. art,
L. ars, artis, orig., skill in joining or
fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat,
article.] 1. The employment of
means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in
the natural world to the uses of life; the application of
knowledge or power to practical purposes.
Blest with each grace of nature and of art.
Pope.
2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the
performance of certain actions; a system of principles and rules
for attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special
work; -- often contradistinguished from science or
speculative principles; as, the art of building or
engraving; the art of war; the art of
navigation.
Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is
knowledge made efficient by skill.
J. F. Genung.
3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill
in effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or business
requiring such knowledge or skill.
The fishermen can't employ their art with so much
success in so troubled a sea.
Addison.
4. The application of skill to the production of
the beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in which
skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture; one of the
fine arts; as, he prefers art to
literature.
5. pl. Those branches of learning
which are taught in the academical course of colleges; as,
master of arts.
In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts.
Pope.
Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in
colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a foundation.
Goldsmith.
6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or
letters. [Archaic]
So vast is art, so narrow human wit.
Pope.
7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing
certain actions, asquired by experience, study, or observation;
knack; a, a man has the art of managing his business
to advantage.
8. Skillful plan; device.
They employed every art to soothe . . . the
discontented warriors.
Macaulay.
9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
Madam, I swear I use no art at all.
Shak.
Animals practice art when opposed to their
superiors in strength.
Crabb.
10 To black art; magic. [Obs.]
Shak.
Art and part (Scots Law), share or
concern by aiding and abetting a criminal in the perpetration of
a crime, whether by advice or by assistance in the execution;
complicity.
arts are divided into various
classes. The useful, mechanical, or industrial arts
are those in which the hands and body are concerned than the
mind; as in making clothes and utensils. These are called
trades. The fine arts are those which have
primarily to do with imagination taste, and are applied to the
production of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music,
painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the term is
often confined to painting, sculpture, and architecture. The
liberal arts (artes liberales, the higher arts,
which, among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue)
were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of learning, --
grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, music, and
astronomy. In modern times the liberal arts include
the sciences, philosophy, history, etc., which compose the course
of academical or collegiate education. Hence, degrees in the
arts; master and bachelor of arts.
In America, literature and the elegant arts must
grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily
necessity.
Irving.
Syn. -- Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill;
dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession; business; trade;
calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity. See
Science.
\'d8Ar*te"mi*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, a Greek goddess.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of phyllopod Crustacea found in salt lakes and brines; the
brine shrimp. See Brine shrimp.
Ar`te*mi"si*a (#), n. [L.
Artemisia, Gr. /.] (Bot.) A
genus of plants including the plants called mugwort,
southernwood, and wormwood. Of these A. absinthium, or
common wormwood, is well known, and A. tridentata is
the sage brush of the Rocky Mountain region.
Ar*te"ri*ac (#), a. [L.
arteriacus, Gr. /. See Artery.]
Of or pertaining to the windpipe.
Ar*te"ri*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
art\'82riel.] 1. Of or pertaining
to an artery, or the arteries; as, arterial action;
the arterial system.
2. Of or pertaining to a main channel (resembling
an artery), as a river, canal, or railroad.
Arterial blood, blood which has been changed
and vitalized (arterialized) during passage through the
lungs.
Ar*te`ri*al*i*za"tion (#), n.
(Physiol.) The process of converting venous blood
into arterial blood during its passage through the lungs, oxygen
being absorbed and carbonic acid evolved; -- called also
a\'89ration and
hematosis.
Ar*te"ri*al*ize (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Arterialized;
p. pr. & vb. n. Arterializing.]
To transform, as the venous blood, into arterial blood by
exposure to oxygen in the lungs; to make arterial.
Ar*te`ri*og"ra*phy, n. [Gr. / +
-graphy.] A systematic description of the
arteries.
Ar*te"ri*ole (#), n. [NL.
arteriola, dim. of L. arteria: cf. F.
art\'82riole.] A small artery.
Ar*te`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr.
/ + -logy.] That part of anatomy which
treats of arteries.
Ar*te`ri*ot"o*my (#), n. [L.
arteriotomia, Gr. /; / + / a cutting.]
1. (Med.) The opening of an artery, esp.
for bloodletting.
2. That part of anatomy which treats of the
dissection of the arteries.
\'d8Ar`te*ri"tis (#), n.
[Artery + -etis.]
Inflammation of an artery or arteries.
Dunglison.
Ar"ter*y (#), n.; pl.
Artplwies (#). [L.
arteria windpipe, artery, Gr. /.] 1.
The trachea or windpipe. [Obs.] \'bdUnder
the artery, or windpipe, is the mouth of the
stomach.\'b8
Holland.
2. (Anat.) One of the vessels or tubes
which carry either venous or arterial blood from the heart. They
have tricker and more muscular walls than veins, and are
connected with them by capillaries.
Aorta. The pulmonary
artery conveys the venous blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs, whence the arterialized blood is returned through the
pulmonary veins.
3. Hence: Any continuous or ramified channel of
communication; as, arteries of trade or
commerce.
Ar*te"sian (#), a. [F.
art\'82sien, fr. Artois in France, where
many such wells have been made since the middle of the last
century.] Of or pertaining to Artois (anciently called
Artesium), in France.
Artesian wells, wells made by boring into the
earth till the instrument reaches water, which, from internal
pressure, flows spontaneously like a fountain. They are usually
of small diameter and often of great depth.
Art"ful (#), a. [From
Art.] 1. Performed with, or
characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic]
\'bdArtful strains.\'b8 \'bdArtful
terms.\'b8
Milton.
2. Artificial; imitative.
Addison.
3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or
contrivance; dexterous; skillful.
He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in
exact historical order.
Dryden.
4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of
dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual
sense.]
Artful in speech, in action, and in mind.
Pope.
The artful revenge of various animals.
Darwin.
Syn. -- Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty;
tricky; deceitful; designing. See Cunning.
Art"ful*ly, adv. In an artful manner;
with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.
Art"ful*ness, n. The quality of being
artful; art; cunning; craft.
Ar"then (#), a. Same as
Earthen. [Obs.] \'bdAn arthen
pot.\'b8
Holland.
{ Ar*thrit"ic (#), Ar*thrit"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
arthriticus, Gr. /. See Arthritis.]
1. Pertaining to the joints.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Of or pertaining to arthritis; gouty.
Cowper.
\'d8Ar*thri"tis (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. / (as if fem. of / belonging to the joints, sc. /
disease) gout, fr. / a joint.] (Med.) Any
inflammation of the joints, particularly the gout.
Ar"thro*derm (#), n. [Gr. /
joint + 'derm.] (Zo\'94l.) The
external covering of an Arthropod.
\'d8Ar*thro"di*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / well articulated; / a joint + /
shape.] (Anat.) A form of diarthrodial
articulation in which the articular surfaces are nearly flat, so
that they form only an imperfect ball and socket.
{ Ar*thro"di*al (#), Ar*throd"ic
(#), } a. Of or pertaining to
arthrodia.
\'d8Ar`thro*dyn"i*a (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + // pain.]
(Med.) An affection characterized by pain in or
about a joint, not dependent upon structural disease.
Ar`thro*dyn"ic, a. Pertaining to
arthrodynia, or pain in the joints; rheumatic.
\'d8Ar`thro*gas"tra (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / stomach.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of the Arachnida, having
the abdomen annulated, including the scorpions, harvestmen, etc.;
pedipalpi.
Ar*throg"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr.
/ joint + -graphy.] The description of
joints.
Ar*throl"o*gy, n. [Gr. / joint +
-logy.] That part of anatomy which treats
of joints.
Ar"thro*mere (#), n. [Gr. /
joint + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the body segments of Arthropods. See
Arthrostraca.
Packard.
\'d8Ar`thro*pleu"ra (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / the side.]
(Zo\'94l.) The side or limb-bearing portion of an
arthromere.
Ar"thro*pod (#), n
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Arthropoda.
\'d8Ar*throp"o*da (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large division of Articulata,
embracing all those that have jointed legs. It includes Insects,
Arachnida, Pychnogonida, and Crustacea. --
Ar*throp"o*dal (#),
a.
\'d8Ar`thro*pom"a*ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / joint + / lid.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Branchiopoda. See
Branchiopoda.
\'d8Ar*thro"sis (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / joint.] (Anat.)
Articulation.
\'d8Ar*thros"tra*ca, n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. / joint + / a shell.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the larger divisions of Crustacea, so called because
the thorax and abdomen are both segmented; Tetradecapoda. It
includes the Amphipoda and Isopoda.
Ar`thro*zo"ic (#), a. [Gr. /
joint + / animal, fr. / an animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Articulata;
articulate.
Ar"ti*ad (#), a. [Gr. / even,
fr. / exactly.] (Chem.) Even; not odd; --
said of elementary substances and of radicals the valence of
which is divisible by two without a remainder.
Ar"ti*choke (#), n. [It.
articioc/o, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as
carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco,
archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp.
alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar.
al-harshaf,
al-kharsh/f.] (Bot.)
1. The Cynara scolymus, a plant somewhat
resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly
involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is
composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting
on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales,
is much esteemed as an article of food.
2. See Jerusalem artichoke.
Ar"ti*cle (#), n. [F., fr. L.
articulus, dim. of artus joint, akin to Gr.
/, fr. a root ar to join, fit. See Art,
n.] 1. A distinct portion of an
instrument, discourse, literary work, or any other writing,
consisting of two or more particulars, or treating of various
topics; as, an article in the Constitution.
Hence: A clause in a contract, system of regulations, treaty, or
the like; a term, condition, or stipulation in a contract; a
concise statement; as, articles of
agreement.
2. A literary composition, forming an independent
portion of a magazine, newspaper, or cyclopedia.
3. Subject; matter; concern; distinct.
[Obs.]
A very great revolution that happened in this
article of good breeding.
Addison.
This last article will hardly be believed.
De Foe.
4. A distinct part. \'bdUpon each
article of human duty.\'b8 Paley. \'bdEach
article of time.\'b8 Habington.
The articles which compose the blood.
E. Darwin.
5. A particular one of various things; as, an
article of merchandise; salt is a necessary
article.
They would fight not for articles of faith, but for
articles of food.
Landor.
6. Precise point of time; moment. [Obs.
or Archaic]
This fatal news coming to Hick's Hall upon the
article of my Lord Russell's trial, was said to have
had no little influence on the jury and all the bench to his
prejudice.
Evelyn.
7. (Gram.) One of the three words,
a, an, the, used before nouns to
limit or define their application. A (or
an) is called the indefinite article, the
the definite article.
8. (Zo\'94l.) One of the segments of an
articulated appendage.
Articles of Confederation, the compact which
was first made by the original thirteen States of the United
States. They were adopted March 1, 1781, and remained the supreme
law until March, 1789. -- Articles of
impeachment, an instrument which, in cases of
impeachment, performs the same office which an indictment does in
a common criminal case. -- Articles of war,
rules and regulations, fixed by law, for the better
government of the army. -- In the article of
death [L. in articulo mortis], at
the moment of death; in the dying struggle. -- Lords of
the articles (Scot. Hist.), a standing
committee of the Scottish Parliament to whom was intrusted the
drafting and preparation of the acts, or bills for laws. --
The Thirty-nine Articles, statements (thirty-nine
in number) of the tenets held by the Church of England.
Ar"ti*cle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Articled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Articling (#).] [Cf.
F. articuler, fr. L. articulare. See
Article, n., Articulate.]
1. To formulate in articles; to set forth in
distinct particulars.
If all his errors and follies were articled against
him, the man would seem vicious and miserable.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of
articles.
He shall be articled against in the high court of
admiralty.
Stat. 33 Geo. III.
3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation;
as, to article an apprentice to a
mechanic.
Ar"ti*cle, v. i. To agree by articles;
to stipulate; to bargain; to covenant. [R.]
Then he articled with her that he should go away
when he pleased.
Selden.
Ar"ti*cled (#), a. Bound by
articles; apprenticed; as, an articled
clerk.
Ar*tic"u*lar (#), a. [L.
articularis: cf. F. articulaire. See
Article, n.] Of or pertaining to
the joints; as, an articular disease; an
articular process.
{ Ar*tic"u*lar (#),
Ar*tic"u*la*ry (#), } n.
(Anat.) A bone in the base of the lower jaw of
many birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.
<-- p. 86 -->
Ar*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. In an articular or
an articulate manner.
\'d8Ar*tic`u*la"ta (#), n. pl.
[Neut. pl. from L. articulatus furnished with
joints, distinct, p. p. of articulare. See
Article, v.] (Zo\'94l.)
1. One of the four subkingdoms in the
classification of Cuvier. It has been much modified by later
writers.
2. One of the subdivisions of the Brachiopoda,
including those that have the shells united by a hinge.
3. A subdivision of the Crinoidea.
Ar*tic"u*late (#), a. [L.
articulatus. See Articulata.]
1. Expressed in articles or in separate items or
particulars. [Archaic]
Bacon.
2. Jointed; formed with joints; consisting of
segments united by joints; as, articulate animals or
plants.
3. Distinctly uttered; spoken so as to be
intelligible; characterized by division into words and syllables;
as, articulate speech, sounds, words.
Total changes of party and articulate opinion.
Carlyle.
Ar*tic"u*late, n. (Zo\'94l.)
An animal of the subkingdom Articulata.
Ar*tic"u*late (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Articulated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Articulating
(#)]. 1. To utter articulate
sounds; to utter the elementary sounds of a language; to
enunciate; to speak distinctly.
2. To treat or make terms.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. To join or be connected by articulation.
Ar*tic"u*late, v. t. 1. To
joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints
or at the joints.
2. To draw up or write in separate articles; to
particularize; to specify. [Obs.]
3. To form, as the elementary sounds; to utter in
distinct syllables or words; to enunciate; as, to
articulate letters or language. \'bdTo
articulate a word.\'b8
Ray.
4. To express distinctly; to give utterance
to.
Luther articulated himself upon a process that hand
already begun in the Christian church.
Bibliotheca Sacra.
To . . . articulate the dumb, deep want of the
people.
Carlyle.
Ar*tic"u*la`ted (#), a. 1.
United by, or provided with, articulations; jointed; as,
an articulated skeleton.
2. Produced, as a letter, syllable, or word, by the
organs of speech; pronounced.
Ar*tic"u*late*ly (#), adv.
1. After the manner, or in the form, of a
joint.
2. Article by article; in distinct particulars; in
detail; definitely.
Paley.
I had articulately set down in writing our
points.
Fuller.
3. With distinct utterance of the separate
sounds.
Ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. Quality of being
articulate.
Ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [Cf.
F. articulation, fr. L. articulatio.]
1. (Anat.) A joint or juncture between
bones in the skeleton.
2. (Bot.) (a) The connection of
the parts of a plant by joints, as in pods. (b)
One of the nodes or joints, as in cane and maize.
(c) One of the parts intercepted between the
joints; also, a subdivision into parts at regular or irregular
intervals as a result of serial intermission in growth, as in the
cane, grasses, etc.
Lindley.
3. The act of putting together with a joint or
joints; any meeting of parts in a joint.
4. The state of being jointed; connection of
parts. [R.]
That definiteness and articulation of imagery.
Coleridge.
5. The utterance of the elementary sounds of a
language by the appropriate movements of the organs, as in
pronunciation; as, a distinct
articulation.
6. A sound made by the vocal organs; an articulate
utterance or an elementary sound, esp. a consonant.
Ar*tic"u*la*tive (#), a. Of or
pertaining to articulation.
Bush.
Ar*tic"u*la`tor (#), n. One
who, or that which, articulates; as: (a) One who
enunciates distinctly. (b) One who prepares and mounts
skeletons. (c) An instrument to cure stammering.
\'d8Ar*tic"u*lus (#) n.; pl.
Articuli (#). [L. See
Article.] (Zo\'94l.) A joint of
the cirri of the Crinoidea; a joint or segment of an arthropod
appendage.
Ar"ti*fice (#), n. [L.
artificium, fr. artifex artificer;
ars, artis, art + facere to
make: cf. F. artifice.] 1. A
handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.]
2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work.
The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the
artifice of the best Mechanist.
Cudworth.
3. Artful or skillful contrivance.
His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much
artifice.
Craik.
4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or
elaborate trick. [Now the usual meaning.]
Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous
artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry.
Macaulay.
Ar*tif"i*cer (#), n. [Cf. F.
artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.]
1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer;
one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular
kind, as a silversmith.
2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor,
or framer. \'bdArtificer of fraud.\'b8
Milton.
The great Artificer of all that moves.
Cowper.
3. A cunning or artful fellow.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
4. (Mil.) A military mechanic, as a
blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells,
fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory.
Syn. -- Artisan; artist. See Artisan.
Ar`ti*fi"cial (#), a. [L.
artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F.
artificiel. See Artifice.] 1.
Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human
skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as,
artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals,
fountains, flowers.
Artificial strife
Lives in these touches, livelier than life.
Shak.
2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not
genuine. \'bdArtificial tears.\'b8
Shak.
3. Artful; cunning; crafty.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous
growth; as, artificial grasses.
Gibbon.
Artificial arguments (Rhet.),
arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws,
authorities, and the like, which are called
inartificial arguments or proofs.
Johnson. -- Artificial classification
(Science), an arrangement based on superficial
characters, and not expressing the true natural relations
species; as, \'bdthe artificial system\'b8 in botany,
which is the same as the Linn\'91an system. --
Artificial horizon. See under
Horizon. Artificial light, any light
other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. --
Artificial lines, lines on a sector or scale, so
contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents,
which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable
exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. --
Artificial numbers, logarithms. --
Artificial person (Law). See under
Person. -- Artificial sines,
tangents, etc., the same as logarithms of
the natural, tangents, etc. Hutton.
Ar`ti*fi`ci*al"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is
artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ize (#), v. t. To
render artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. 1. In an
artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by
nature.
2. Ingeniously; skillfully.
[Obs.]
The spider's web, finely and artificially
wrought.
Tillotson.
3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.]
Sharp dissembled so artificially.
Bp. Burnet.
Ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n. The quality of
being artificial.
Ar`ti*fi"cious (#), a. [L.
artificiosus.] Artificial.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
Art"i*lize (#), v. t. To make
resemble. [Obs.]
If I was a philosopher, says Montaigne, I would naturalize art
instead of artilizing nature.
Bolingbroke.
Ar*til"ler*ist (#), n. A person
skilled in artillery or gunnery; a gunner; an artilleryman.
Ar*til"ler*y (#), n. [OE.
artilrie, OF. artillerie,
arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria,
artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used
in war, vans laden with arms of any kind which follow camps; F.
artillerie great guns, ordnance; OF.
artillier to work artifice, to fortify, to arm, prob.
from L. ars, artis, skill in joining
something, art. See Art.] 1.
Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows,
and arrows. [Obs.]
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad.
1 Sam. xx. 40.
2. Cannon; great guns; ordnance, including guns,
mortars, howitzers, etc., with their equipment of carriages,
balls, bombs, and shot of all kinds.
3. The men and officers of that branch of the army
to which the care and management of artillery are confided.
4. The science of artillery or gunnery.
Campbell.
Artillery park, or Park of
artillery. (a) A collective body of
siege or field artillery, including the guns, and the carriages,
ammunition, appurtenances, equipments, and persons necessary for
working them. (b) The place where the artillery is
encamped or collected. -- Artillery train,
or Train of artillery, a number of pieces
of ordnance mounted on carriages, with all their furniture, ready
for marching.
Ar*til"ler*y*man (#), n. A man
who manages, or assists in managing, a large gun in firing.
\'d8Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*la (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / even + / finger or toe.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of the ungulate
animals. The functional toes of the hind foot are even in number,
and the third digit of each foot (corresponding to the middle
finger in man) is asymmetrical and paired with the fourth digit,
as in the hog, the sheep, and the ox; -- opposed to
Perissodactyla.
Ar`ti*o*dac"tyle (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Artiodactyla.
Ar`ti*o*dac"ty*lous (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Even-toed.
Ar"ti*san (?; 277), n. [F.
artisan, fr. L. artitus skilled in arts,
fr. ars, artis, art: cf. It.
artigiano. See Art, n.]
1. One who professes and practices some liberal
art; an artist. [Obs.]
2. One trained to manual dexterity in some mechanic
art or trade; and handicraftsman; a mechanic.
This is willingly submitted to by the artisan, who
can . . . compensate his additional toil and fatigue.
Hume.
Syn. -- Artificer; artist. --
Artisan, Artist, Artificer. An
artist is one who is skilled in some one of the fine
arts; an artisan is one who exercises any mechanical
employment. A portrait painter is an artist; a sign
painter is an artisan, although he may have the taste
and skill of an artist. The occupation of the former requires a
fine taste and delicate manipulation; that of the latter demands
only an ordinary degree of contrivance and imitative power. An
artificer is one who requires power of contrivance and
adaptation in the exercise of his profession. The word suggest
neither the idea of mechanical conformity to rule which attaches
to the term artisan, nor the ideas of refinement and
of peculiar skill which belong to the term
artist.
Art"ist (#), n. [F.
artiste, LL. artista, fr. L.
ars. See Art, n., and cf.
Artiste.] 1. One who practices some
mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [Obs.]
How to build ships, and dreadful ordnance cast,
Instruct the articles and reward their.
Waller.
2. One who professes and practices an art in which
science and taste preside over the manual execution.
Elmes.
3. One who shows trained skill or rare taste in any
manual art or occupation.
Pope.
4. An artful person; a schemer.
[Obs.]
Syn. -- Artisan. See Artisan.
\'d8Ar*tiste" (#), n. [F. See
Artist.] One peculiarly dexterous and
tasteful in almost any employment, as an opera dancer, a
hairdresser, a cook.
artist.
{ Ar*tis"tic, Ar*tis"tic*al (#),
} a. [Cf. F. artistique, fr.
artiste.] Of or pertaining to art or to
artists; made in the manner of an artist; conformable to art;
characterized by art; showing taste or skill. --
Ar*tis"tic*al*ly, adv.
Art"ist*ry (#), n. 1.
Works of art collectively.
2. Artistic effect or quality.
Southey.
3. Artistic pursuits; artistic ability.
The Academy.
Art"less (#), a. 1.
Wanting art, knowledge, or skill; ignorant;
unskillful.
Artless of stars and of the moving sand.
Dryden.
2. Contrived without skill or art;
inartistic. [R.]
Artless and massy pillars.
T. Warton.
3. Free from guile, art, craft, or stratagem;
characterized by simplicity and sincerity; sincere; guileless;
ingenuous; honest; as, an artless mind; an
artless tale.
They were plain, artless men, without the least
appearance of enthusiasm or credulity about them.
Porteus.
O, how unlike the complex works of man,
Heaven's easy, artless, unencumbered plan!
Cowper.
Syn. -- Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless;
unsophisticated; open; frank; candid.
Art"less*ly, adv. In an artless manner;
without art, skill, or guile; unaffectedly.
Pope.
Art"less*ness, n. The quality of being
artless, or void of art or guile; simplicity; sincerity.
Art"ly, adv. With art or skill.
[Obs.]
{ Ar`to*car"pe*ous (#),
Ar`to*car"pous (#), } a.
[Gr. / bread + / fruit.] (Bot.) Of
or pertaining to the breadfruit, or to the genus
Artocarpus.
Ar"to*type (#), n.
[Art + type.] A kind of
autotype.
Ar`to*ty"rite (#), n. [LL.
Artotyritae, pl., fr. Gr. / bread + /
cheese.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the
primitive church, who celebrated the Lord's Supper with bread and
cheese, alleging that the first oblations of men not only of the
fruit of the earth, but of their flocks. [Gen. iv. 3,
4.]
Ar"tow (#). A contraction of art
thou. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Arts"man (#), n. A man skilled
in an art or in arts. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Art` un"ion (#). An association for
promoting art (esp. the arts of design), and giving encouragement
to artists.
\'d8A"rum, n. [L. arum,
aros, Gr. /.] A genus of plants found in
central Europe and about the Mediterranean, having flowers on a
spadix inclosed in a spathe. The cuckoopint of the English is an
example.
Our common arums the lords and ladies of village
children.
Lubbock.
Ar`un*del"ian (#), a.
Pertaining to an Earl of Arundel; as, Arundel or
Arundelian marbles, marbles from ancient Greece, bought
by the Earl of Arundel in 1624.
Ar`un*dif"er*ous, a. [L.
arundifer; arundo reed + ferre
to bear.] Producing reeds or canes.
A*run`di*na"ceous (#), a. [L.
arundinaceus, fr. arundo reed.]
Of or pertaining to a reed; resembling the reed or
cane.
Ar`un*din"e*ous (#), a. [L.
arundineus, fr. arundo reed.]
Abounding with reeds; reedy.
\'d8A*rus"pex (#), n.; pl.
Aruspices (#). [L.
aruspex or haruspex.] One of the
class of diviners among the Etruscans and Romans, who foretold
events by the inspection of the entrails of victims offered on
the altars of the gods.
A*rus"pice (#), n. [L.
aruspex: cf. F. aruspice. Cf.
Aruspex, Haruspice.] A soothsayer of
ancient Rome. Same as Aruspex. [Written
also haruspice.]
A*rus"pi*cy (#), n. [L.
aruspicium, haruspicium.]
Prognostication by inspection of the entrails of victims
slain sacrifice.
Ar"val (#), n. [W.
arwyl funeral; ar over + wylo to
weep, or cf. arf\'94l; Icel. arfr
inheritance + Sw. \'94l ale. Cf.
Bridal.] A funeral feast. [North
of Eng.]
Grose.
Ar"vi*cole (#), n. [L.
arvum field + colere to inhabit.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mouse of the genus
Arvicola; the meadow mouse. There are many
species.
Ar"yan (#), n. [Skr.
\'berya excellent, honorable; akin to the name of the
country Iran, and perh. to Erin,
Ireland, and the early name of this people, at least
in Asia.] 1. One of a primitive people
supposed to have lived in prehistoric times, in Central Asia,
east of the Caspian Sea, and north of the Hindoo //// and
Paropamisan Mountains, and to have been the stock from which
sprang the Hindoo, Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic,
Slavonic, and other races; one of that ethnological division of
mankind called also Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.
<-- p. 87 -->
2. The language of the original Aryans.
[Written also Arian.]
Ar"yan (#), a. Of or pertaining
to the people called Aryans; Indo-European; Indo-Germanic;
as, the Aryan stock, the Aryan
languages.
Ar"yan*ize, v. t. To make Aryan (a
language, or in language).
K. Johnston.
A*ryt"e*noid (#), a. [Gr. /
shaped like a ladle; / a ladle + / form.]
(Anat.) Ladle-shaped; -- applied to two small
cartilages of the larynx, and also to the glands, muscles, etc.,
connected with them. The cartilages are attached to the cricoid
cartilage and connected with the vocal cords.
As (#), adv. & conj. [OE.
as, als, alse, also,
al swa, AS. eal sw\'be, lit. all so; hence,
quite so, quite as: cf. G. als as, than,
also so, then. See Also.] 1.
Denoting equality or likeness in kind, degree, or manner;
like; similar to; in the same manner with or in which; in
accordance with; in proportion to; to the extent or degree in
which or to which; equally; no less than; as, ye shall be
as gods, knowing good and evil; you will reap
as you sow; do as you are bidden.
His spiritual attendants adjured him, as he loved
his soul, to emancipate his brethren.
Macaulay.
As is often preceded by one of the
antecedent or correlative words such, same,
so, or as, in expressing an equality or
comparison; as, give us such things as you
please, and so long as you please, or
as long as you please; he is not
so brave as Cato; she is as
amiable as she is handsome; come as quickly
as possible. \'bdBees appear fortunately to prefer the
same colors as we do.\'b8 Lubbock.
As, in a preceding part of a sentence, has
such or so to answer correlatively to it;
as with the people, so with the
priest.
2. In the idea, character, or condition of, --
limiting the view to certain attributes or relations; as,
virtue considered as virtue; this actor will appear
as Hamlet.
The beggar is greater as a man, than is the man
merely as a king.
Dewey.
3. While; during or at the same time that; when;
as, he trembled as he spoke.
As I return I will fetch off these justices.
Shak.
4. Because; since; it being the case that.
As the population of Scotland had been generally
trained to arms . . . they were not indifferently prepared.
Sir W. Scott.
[See Synonym under Because.]
5. Expressing concession. (Often approaching
though in meaning).
We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest,
transient as it may be, which this work has
excited.
Macaulay.
6. That, introducing or expressing a result or
consequence, after the correlatives so and
such. [Obs.]
I can place thee in such abject state, as help
shall never find thee.
Rowe.
So as, so that. [Obs.]
The relations are so uncertain as they
require a great deal of examination.
Bacon.
7. As if; as though. [Obs. or
Poetic]
He lies, as he his bliss did know.
Waller.
8. For instance; by way of example; thus; -- used
to introduce illustrative phrases, sentences, or citations.
9. Than. [Obs. & R.]
The king was not more forward to bestow favors on them
as they free to deal affronts to others their
superiors.
Fuller.
10. Expressing a wish. [Obs.]
\'bdAs have,\'b8 i. e., may he have.
Chaucer.
As . . . as. See So . . .
as, under So. -- As far as,
to the extent or degree. \'bdAs far as can be
ascertained.\'b8 Macaulay. -- As far forth
as, as far as. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- As for, As
to, in regard to; with respect to. --
As good as, not less than; not falling short
of. -- As good as one's word, faithful to a
promise. -- As if, or As
though, of the same kind, or in the same
condition or manner, that it would be if. -- As it
were (as if it were), a qualifying phrase used to
apologize for or to relieve some expression which might be
regarded as inappropriate or incongruous; in a manner. --
As now, just now. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- As swythe, as quickly as
possible. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- As
well, also; too; besides. Addison. --
As well as, equally with, no less than.
\'bdI have understanding as well as you.\'b8 Job
xii. 3. -- As yet, until now; up to or at the
present time; still; now.
As (#), n. [See
Ace.] An ace. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ambes-as, double aces.
\'d8As (#), n.; pl.
Asses (#). [L. as. See
Ace.] 1. A Roman weight, answering
to the libra or pound, equal to nearly eleven ounces Troy weight.
It was divided into twelve ounces.
2. A Roman copper coin, originally of a pound
weight (12 oz.); but reduced, after the first Punic war, to two
ounces; in the second Punic war, to one ounce; and afterwards to
half an ounce.
\'d8As"a (#), n. [NL.
asa, of oriental origin; cf. Per. az\'be
mastic, Ar. as\'be healing, is\'be
remedy.] An ancient name of a gum.
{ As`a*fet"i*da, As`a*f\'d2t"i*da }
(#), n. [Asa + L.
foetidus fetid.] The fetid gum resin or
inspissated juice of a large umbelliferous plant (Ferula
asaf\'d2tida) of Persia and the East India. It is used in
medicine as an antispasmodic. [Written also
assaf\'d2tida.]
\'d8As"a*phus (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / indistinct, uncertain.] (Paleon.) A
genus of trilobites found in the Lower Silurian formation. See
Illust. in Append.
\'d8As`a*ra*bac"ca (#), n. [L.
asarum + bacca a berry. See Asarone.]
(Bot.) An acrid herbaceous plant (Asarum
Europ\'91um), the leaves and roots of which are emetic and
cathartic. It is principally used in cephalic snuffs.
As"a*rone (#), n. [L.
asarum hazelwort, wild spikenard, Gr. /]
(Chem.) A crystallized substance, resembling
camphor, obtained from the Asarum Europ\'91um; --
called also camphor of asarum.
As*bes"tic (#), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling asbestus; inconsumable;
asbestine.
As*bes"ti*form (#), a. [L.
asbestus + -form.] Having the
form or structure of asbestus.
As*bes"tine (#), a. Of or
pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature;
incombustible; asbestic.
As*bes"tous (#), a.
Asbestic.
{ As*bes"tus (#), As*bes"tos
(?; 277), } n. [L.
asbestos (NL. asbestus) a kind of mineral
unaffected by fire, Gr. / (prop. an adj.) inextinguishable; /
priv. + / to extinguish.] (Min.) A
variety of amphibole or of pyroxene, occurring in long and
delicate fibers, or in fibrous masses or seams, usually of a
white, gray, or green-gray color. The name is also given to a
similar variety of serpentine.
amianthus.
Dana.
As"bo*lin (#), n. [Gr. /
soot.] (Chem.) A peculiar acrid and bitter
oil, obtained from wood soot.
As"ca*rid (#), n.; pl.
Ascarides (#) or Ascarids.
[NL. ascaris, fr. Gr. /.]
(Zo\'94l.) A parasitic nematoid worm, espec. the
roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, often occurring in
the human intestine and allied species found in domestic animals;
also commonly applied to the pinworm (Oxyuris), often
troublesome to children and aged persons.
As*cend" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ascended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Ascending.] [L.
ascendere; ad + scandere to climb, mount.
See Scan.] 1. To move upward; to
mount; to go up; to rise; -- opposed to descend.
Higher yet that star ascends.
Bowring.
I ascend unto my father and your father.
John xx. 17.
Formerly used with up.
The smoke of it ascended up to heaven.
Addison.
2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from
an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects,
from particulars to generals, from modern to ancient times, from
one note to another more acute, etc.; as, our inquiries
ascend to the remotest antiquity; to ascend to
our first progenitor.
Syn. -- To rise; mount; climb; scale; soar; tower.
As*cend", v. t. To go or move upward
upon or along; to climb; to mount; to go up the top of; as,
to ascend a hill, a ladder, a tree, a river, a
throne.
As*cend"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being ascended.
{ As*cend"an*cy (#), As*cend"ance
(#), } n. Same as
Ascendency.
As*cend"ant (#), n. [F.
ascendant, L. ascendens; p. pr. of
ascendere.] 1. Ascent; height;
elevation. [R.]
Sciences that were then in their highest
ascendant.
Temple.
2. (Astrol.) The horoscope, or that
degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the
moment of one's birth; supposed to have a commanding influence on
a person's life and fortune.
To be in the ascendant,
to have commanding power or influence, and Lord of the
ascendant, one who has possession of such power or
influence; as, to rule, for a while, lord of the
ascendant.
Burke.
3. Superiority, or commanding influence;
ascendency; as, one man has the ascendant over
another.
Chievres had acquired over the mind of the young monarch the
ascendant not only of a tutor, but of a parent.
Robertson.
4. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy or
degrees of kindred; a relative in the ascending line; a
progenitor; -- opposed to descendant.
Ayliffe.
{ As*cend"ant (#), As*cend"ent
(#), } a. 1. Rising
toward the zenith; above the horizon.
The constellation . . . about that time
ascendant.
Browne.
2. Rising; ascending.
Ruskin.
3. Superior; surpassing; ruling.
An ascendant spirit over him.
South.
The ascendant community obtained a surplus of
wealth.
J. S. Mill.
Without some power of persuading or confuting, of defending
himself against accusations, . . . no man could possibly hold an
ascendent position.
Grote.
As*cend"en*cy (#), n. Governing
or controlling influence; domination; power.
An undisputed ascendency.
Macaulay.
Custom has an ascendency over the
understanding.
Watts.
Syn. -- Control; authority; influence; sway; dominion;
prevalence; domination.
As*cend"i*ble (#), a. [L.
ascendibilis.] Capable of being ascended;
climbable.
As*cend"ing, a. Rising; moving upward;
as, an ascending kite. --
As*cend"ing*ly, adv.
Ascending latitude (Astron.), the
increasing latitude of a planet. Ferguson. --
Ascending line (Geneol.), the line of
relationship traced backward or through one's ancestors. One's
father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, etc., are in the
line direct ascending. -- Ascending
node having, that node of the moon or a planet wherein
it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. It is also called
the northern node. Herschel. --
Ascending series. (Math.) (a)
A series arranged according to the ascending powers of a
quantity. (b) A series in which each term is
greater than the preceding. -- Ascending signs,
signs east of the meridian.
As*cen"sion, n. [F.
ascension, L. ascensio, fr.
ascendere. See Ascend.] 1.
The act of ascending; a rising; ascent.
2. Specifically: The visible ascent of our Savior
on the fortieth day after his resurrection. (Acts i. 9.)
Also, Ascension Day.
3. An ascending or arising, as in distillation;
also that which arises, as from distillation.
Vaporous ascensions from the stomach.
Sir T. Browne.
Ascension Day, the Thursday but one before
Whitsuntide, the day on which commemorated our Savior's ascension
into heaven after his resurrection; -- called also Holy
Thursday. -- Right ascension
(Astron.), that degree of the equinoctial, counted
from the beginning of Aries, which rises with a star, or other
celestial body, in a right sphere; or the arc of the equator
intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of
the equator that comes to the meridian with the star; --
expressed either in degrees or in time. -- Oblique
ascension (Astron.), an arc of the equator,
intercepted between the first point of Aries and that point of
the equator which rises together with a star, in an oblique
sphere; or the arc of the equator intercepted between the first
point of Aries and that point of the equator that comes to the
horizon with a star. It is little used in modern
astronomy.
As*cen"sion*al (#), a. Relating
to ascension; connected with ascent; ascensive; tending upward;
as, the ascensional power of a balloon.
Ascensional difference (Astron.),
the difference between oblique and right ascension; -- used
chiefly as expressing the difference between the time of the
rising or setting of a body and six o'clock, or six hours from
its meridian passage.
As*cen"sive (#), a. [See
Ascend.] 1. Rising; tending to rise,
or causing to rise.
Owen.
2. (Gram.) Augmentative;
intensive.
Ellicott.
As*cent" (#). [Formed like
descent, as if from a F. ascente, fr. a
verb ascendre, fr. L. ascendere. See
Ascend, Descent.] 1. The
act of rising; motion upward; rise; a mounting upward; as, he
made a tedious ascent; the ascent of vapors
from the earth.
To him with swift ascent he up returned.
Milton.
2. The way or means by which one ascends.
3. An eminence, hill, or high place.
Addison.
4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the
angle it makes with a horizontal line; inclination; rising grade;
as, a road has an ascent of five degrees.
As`cer*tain" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ascertained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ascertaining.] [OF.
acertener; a (L. ad) +
certain. See Certain.] 1.
To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to
make confident; to assure; to apprise. [Obs.]
When the blessed Virgin was so ascertained.
Jer. Taylor.
Muncer assured them that the design was approved of by Heaven,
and that the Almighty had in a dream ascertained him
of its effects.
Robertson.
2. To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free
from obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to
determine. [Archaic]
The divine law . . . ascertaineth the truth.
Hooker.
The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase and
ascertain the condemnation.
Jer. Taylor.
The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority . .
. persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.
Smollett.
The mildness and precision of their laws
ascertained the rule and measure of taxation.
Gibbon.
3. To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial,
examination, or experiment; to get to know; as, to
ascertain the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a
metal.
He was there only for the purpose of ascertaining
whether a descent on England was practicable.
Macaulay.
As`cer*tain"a*ble (#), a. That
may be ascertained. --
As`cer*tain"a*ble*ness, n. --
As`cer*tain"a*bly, adv.
As`cer*tain"er (#), n. One who
ascertains.
As`cer*tain"ment (#), n. The
act of ascertaining; a reducing to certainty; a finding out by
investigation; discovery.
The positive ascertainment of its limits.
Burke.
As*ces"san*cy (#), n.
As*ces"sant (#), a. See
Acescency, Acescent. [Obs.]
As*cet"ic (#) a. [Gr. /, fr.
/ to exercise, to practice gymnastics.] Extremely
rigid in self-denial and devotions; austere; severe.
The stern ascetic rigor of the Temple
discipline.
Sir W. Scott.
As*cet"ic, n. In the early church, one
who devoted himself to a solitary and contemplative life,
characterized by devotion, extreme self-denial, and
self-mortification; a hermit; a recluse; hence, one who practices
extreme rigor and self-denial in religious things.
I am far from commending those ascetics that take
up their quarters in deserts.
Norris.
Ascetic theology, the science which treats of
the practice of the theological and moral virtues, and the
counsels of perfection. Am. Cyc.
As*cet"i*cism (#), n. The
condition, practice, or mode of life, of ascetics.
As"cham (#), n. [From Roger
Ascham, who was a great lover of archery.] A
sort of cupboard, or case, to contain bows and other implements
of archery.
\'d8As"ci, n. pl. See
Ascus.
As"cian, n. One of the
Ascii.
As*cid"i*an (#), n. [Gr. /
bladder, pouch.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Ascidioidea, or in a more general sense, one of the Tunicata.
Also as an adj.
\'d8As*cid`i*a"ri*um (#), n.
[NL. See Ascidium.] (Zo\'94l.)
The structure which unites together the ascidiozooids in a
compound ascidian.
As*cid"i*form, a. [Gr. / a pouch +
-form.] (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like
an ascidian.
\'d8As*cid`i*oid"e*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. ascidium + -oid. See
Ascidium.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
Tunicata, often shaped like a two-necked bottle. The group
includes, social, and compound species. The gill is a netlike
structure within the oral aperture. The integument is usually
leathery in texture. See Illustration in
Appendix.
<-- p. 88 -->
As*cid`i*o*zo"oid (#), n.
[Ascidium + zooid.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the individual members of a
compound ascidian. See Ascidioidea.
\'d8As*cid"i*um (#), n.; pl.
Ascidia (#). [NL., fr.
ascus. See Ascus.] 1.
(Bot.) A pitcher-shaped, or flask-shaped, organ
or appendage of a plant, as the leaves of the pitcher plant, or
the little bladderlike traps of the bladderwort
(Utricularia).
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
simple ascidians, which formerly included most of the known
species. It is sometimes used as a name for the Ascidioidea, or
for all the Tunicata.
As*cig"er*ous (#), a.
[Ascus + -gerous.]
(Bot.) Having asci.
Loudon.
{ \'d8As"ci*i (#), As"cians
(#), } n. pl. [L.
ascii, pl. of ascius, Gr. / without
shadow; / priv. + / shadow.] Persons who, at
certain times of the year, have no shadow at noon; -- applied to
the inhabitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, a
vertical sun.
\'d8As*ci"tes (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. / (sc. / disease), fr. / bladder, belly.]
(Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the cavity
of the abdomen; dropsy of the peritoneum.
Dunglison.
{ As*cit"ic (#), As*cit"ic*al
(#), } a. Of, pertaining to, or
affected by, ascites; dropsical.
As`ci*ti"tious (#), a. [See
Adscititious.] Supplemental; not inherent or
original; adscititious; additional; assumed.
Homer has been reckoned an ascititious name.
Pope.
As*cle"pi*ad (#), n. (Gr. & L.
Pros.) A choriambic verse, first used by the Greek
poet Asclepias, consisting of four feet, viz., a spondee, two
choriambi, and an iambus.
As*cle`pi*a*da"ceous, a. [See
Asclepias.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining
to, or resembling, plants of the Milkweed family.
\'d8As*cle"pi*as, n. [L., fr. Gr. /,
named from Asclepios or Aesculapius.]
(Bot.) A genus of plants including the milkweed,
swallowwort, and some other species having medicinal
properties.
Asclepias butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a
large, handsome, red and black butterfly (Danais
Archippus), found in both hemispheres. It feeds on plants
of the genus Asclepias.
\'d8As`co*coc"cus (#), n.; pl.
Ascococci (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
bladder, bag + / kernel.] (Biol.) A form
of micrococcus, found in putrid meat infusions, occurring in
peculiar masses, each of which is inclosed in a hyaline capsule
and contains a large number of spherical micrococci.
As"co*spore (#), n.
[Ascus + spore.]
(Bot.) One of the spores contained in the asci of
lichens and fungi. [See Illust. of
Ascus.]
As*crib"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being ascribed; attributable.
As*cribe" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ascribed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ascribing.] [L. ascribere,
adscribere, to ascribe; ad + scribere to
write: cf. OF. ascrire. See Scribe.]
1. To attribute, impute, or refer, as to a cause;
as, his death was ascribed to a poison; to
ascribe an effect to the right cause; to
ascribe such a book to such an author.
The finest [speech] that is ascribed to Satan in
the whole poem.
Addison.
2. To attribute, as a quality, or an appurtenance;
to consider or allege to belong.
Syn. -- To Ascribe, Attribute,
Impute. Attribute denotes, 1.
To refer some quality or attribute to a being; as, to
attribute power to God. 2. To refer something to
its cause or source; as, to attribute a backward
spring to icebergs off the coast. Ascribe is used
equally in both these senses, but involves a different image. To
impute usually denotes to ascribe something doubtful
or wrong, and hence, in general literature, has commonly a bad
sense; as, to impute unworthy motives. The
theological sense of impute is not here taken into
view.
More than good-will to me attribute naught.
Spenser.
Ascribes his gettings to his parts and merit.
Pope.
And fairly quit him of the imputed blame.
Spenser.
As"cript (#), a. See
Adscript. [Obs.]
As*crip"tion (#), n. [L.
ascriptio, fr. ascribere. See
Ascribe.] The act of ascribing, imputing, or
affirming to belong; also, that which is ascribed.
As`crip*ti"tious (#), a. [L.
ascriptitius, fr. ascribere.]
1. Ascribed.
2. Added; additional. [Obs.]
An ascriptitious and supernumerary God.
Farindon.
As"cus (#), n.; pl. Asci
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. / a bladder.]
(Bot.) A small membranous bladder or tube in
which are inclosed the seedlike reproductive particles or
sporules of lichens and certain fungi.
A-sea, adv. [Pref. a- +
sea.] On the sea; at sea; toward the
sea.
A*sep"tic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + septic.] Not liable to
putrefaction; nonputrescent. -- n.
An aseptic substance.
A*sex"u*al (?; 135), a. [Pref.
a- not + sexual.] (Biol.)
Having no distinct; without sexual action; as,
asexual reproduction. See Fission and
Gemmation.
A*sex"u*al*ly (#), adv. In an
asexual manner; without sexual agency.
Ash (#), n. [OE.
asch, esh, AS. \'91sc; akin to
OHG. asc, Sw. & Dan. ask, Icel.
askr, D. esch, G. esche.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of trees of the Olive
family, having opposite pinnate leaves, many of the species
furnishing valuable timber, as the European ash (Fraxinus
excelsior) and the white ash (F.
Americana).
Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum
Americanum) and Poison ash (Rhus
venenata) are shrubs of different families,
somewhat resembling the true ashes in their foliage. --
Mountain ash. See Roman tree, and under
Mountain.
2. The tough, elastic wood of the ash tree.
Ash is used adjectively, or as the first part of
a compound term; as, ash bud, ash wood,
ash tree, etc.
Ash, n., sing. of
Ashes.
Ash is rarely used in the singular except
in connection with chemical or geological products; as, soda
ash, coal which yields a red ash, etc., or
as a qualifying or combining word; as, ash bin,
ash heap, ash hole, ash pan,
ash pit, ash-grey, ash-colored,
pearlash, potash.
Bone ash, burnt powered; bone earth. --
Volcanic ash. See under Ashes.
Ash, v. t. To strew or sprinkle with
ashes.
Howell.
A*shame (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + shame: cf. AS. \'bescamian
to shame (where \'be- is the same as Goth.
us-, G. er-, and orig. meant
out), gescamian, gesceamian, to
shame.] To shame. [R.]
Barrow.
A*shamed" (#), a. [Orig. a p.
p. of ashame, v. t.] Affected by shame;
abashed or confused by guilt, or a conviction or consciousness of
some wrong action or impropriety. \'bdI am
ashamed to beg.\'b8
Wyclif.
All that forsake thee shall be ashamed.
Jer. xvii. 13.
I began to be ashamed of sitting idle.
Johnson.
Enough to make us ashamed of our species.
Macaulay.
An ashamed person can hardly endure to meet the
gaze of those present.
Darwin.
Ashamed seldom precedes the noun or
pronoun it qualifies. By a Hebraism, it is sometimes used in the
Bible to mean disappointed, or
defeated.
A*sham"ed*ly (#), adv.
Bashfully. [R.]
Ash`an*tee" (#), n.; pl.
Ashantees (#). A native or an
inhabitant of Ashantee in Western Africa.
Ash`an*tee", a. Of or pertaining to
Ashantee.
Ash"-col`ored (#), a. Of the
color of ashes; a whitish gray or brownish gray.
Ash"en (#), a. [See
Ash, the tree.] Of or pertaining to the ash
tree. \'bdAshen poles.\'b8
Dryden.
Ash"en, a. Consisting of, or resembling,
ashes; of a color between brown and gray, or white and
gray.
The ashen hue of age.
Sir W. Scott.
Ash"en (#), n., obs. pl. for
Ashes.
Chaucer.
Ash"er*y (#), n. 1. A
depository for ashes.
2. A place where potash is made.
Ash"es (#), n. pl. [OE.
asche, aske, AS. asce,
\'91sce, axe; akin to OHG. asca,
G. asche, D. asch, Icel. & Sw.
aska, Dan. aske, Goth.
azgo.] 1. The earthy or mineral
particles of combustible substances remaining after combustion,
as of wood or coal.
2. Specifically: The remains of the human body when
burnt, or when \'bdreturned to dust\'b8 by natural decay.
Their martyred blood and ashes sow.
Milton.
The coffins were broken open. The ashes were
scattered to the winds.
Macaulay.
3. The color of ashes; deathlike paleness.
The lip of ashes, and the cheek of flame.
Byron.
In dust and ashes, In sackcloth and
ashes, with humble expression of grief or
repentance; -- from the method of mourning in Eastern lands.
-- Volcanic ashes, Volcanic
ash, the loose, earthy matter, or small
fragments of stone or lava, ejected by volcanoes.
Ash"-fire, n. A low fire used in
chemical operations.
Ash"-fur`nace (#), Ash"-ov`en
(#), n. A furnace or oven for
fritting materials for glass making.
A*shine" (#), a. Shining;
radiant.
{ Ash"lar, Ash"ler } (#),
n. [OE. ascheler, achiler,
OF. aiseler, fr. aiselle, dim. of
ais plank, fr. L. axis, assis,
plank, axle. See Axle.] 1.
(Masonry) (a) Hewn or squared stone;
also, masonry made of squared or hewn stone.
Rough ashlar, a block of freestone as brought from
the quarry. When hammer-dressed it is known as common
ashlar.
Knight.
(b) In the United States especially, a thin facing
of squared and dressed stone upon a wall of rubble or
brick.
Knight.
{ Ash"lar*ing, Ash"ler*ing, }
n. 1. The act of bedding ashlar in
mortar.
2. Ashlar when in thin slabs and made to serve
merely as a case to the body of the wall.
Brande & C.
3. (Carp.) The short upright pieces
between the floor beams and rafters in garrets. See
Ashlar, 2.
A*shore" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + shore.] On shore or on
land; on the land adjacent to water; to the shore; to the land;
aground (when applied to a ship); -- sometimes opposed to
aboard or afloat.
Here shall I die ashore.
Shak.
I must fetch his necessaries ashore.
Shak.
Ash"to*reth (#), n.; pl.
Ashtaroth (#). The principal
female divinity of the Ph\'d2nicians, as Baal was the principal
male divinity.
W. Smith.
Ash` Wednes"day (#). The first day of
Lent; -- so called from a custom in the Roman Catholic church of
putting ashes, on that day, upon the foreheads of
penitents.
Ash"weed` (#), n. (Bot.)
[A corruption of ache-weed; F. ache.
So named from the likeness of its leaves to those of
ache (celery).] Goutweed.
Ash"y (#), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or composed of, ashes; filled, or strewed
with, ashes.
2. Ash-colored; whitish gray; deadly pale.
Shak.
Ashy pale, pale as ashes.
Shak.
A"sian (#), a. [L.
Asianus, Gr. /, fr. /, L. Asia.]
Of or pertaining to Asia; Asiatic.
\'bdAsian princes.\'b8 Jer. Taylor. --
n. An Asiatic.
A"si*arch (#), n. [L.
Asiarcha, Gr. /; / + / ruler.] One of
the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the
superintendence of the public games and religious rites.
Milner.
A`si*at"ic (#), a. [L.
Asiaticus, Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
Asia or to its inhabitants. -- n. A
native, or one of the people, of Asia.
A`si*at"i*cism (#), n.
Something peculiar to Asia or the Asiatics.
A*side" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + side.] 1. On, or
to, one side; out of a straight line, course, or direction; at a
little distance from the rest; out of the way; apart.
Thou shalt set aside that which is full.
2 Kings iv. 4.
But soft! but soft! aside: here comes the king.
Shak.
The flames were blown aside.
Dryden.
2. Out of one's thoughts; off; away; as, to put
aside gloomy thoughts. \'bdLay
aside every weight.\'b8
Heb. xii. 1.
3. So as to be heard by others; privately.
Then lords and ladies spake aside.
Sir W. Scott.
To set aside (Law), to annul or
defeat the effect or operation of, by a subsequent decision of
the same or of a superior tribunal; to declare of no authority;
as, to set aside a verdict or a
judgment.
A*side", n. Something spoken aside;
as, a remark made by a stageplayer which the other players
are not supposed to hear.
\'d8A*si"lus (#), n. [L., a
gadfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large and
voracious two-winged flies, including the bee killer and robber
fly.
{ As`i*ne"go, As`si*ne"go }
(#), n. [Sp. asnico,
dim. of asno an ass.] A stupid
fellow. [Obs.]
Shak.
As"i*nine (#), a. [L.
asininus, fr. asinus ass. See
Ass.] Of or belonging to, or having the
qualities of, the ass, as stupidity and obstinacy.
\'bdAsinine nature.\'b8 B. Jonson.
\'bdAsinine feast.\'b8 Milton.
As`i*nin"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being asinine; stupidity combined with
obstinacy.
A*si"phon*ate (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Destitute of a siphon or breathing
tube; -- said of many bivalve shells. --
n. An asiphonate mollusk.
{ \'d8As`i*pho"ne*a (#),
\'d8A*si`pho*na"ta (#),
\'d8As`i*phon"i*da (#), } n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / a tube.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of bivalve mollusks destitute
of siphons, as the oyster; the asiphonate mollusks.
\'d8A*si"ti*a (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / food.] (Med.) Want of
appetite; loathing of food.
Ask (#), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Asked (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Asking.] [OE.
asken, ashen, axien, AS.
\'bescian, \'becsian; akin to OS.
\'c7sc\'d3n, OHG. eisc\'d3n, Sw.
\'beska, Dan. \'91ske, D.
eischen, G. heischen, Lith.
j\'89sk\'a2ti, OSlav. iskati to seek, Skr.
ish to desire. \'fb5.] 1. To
request; to seek to obtain by words; to petition; to solicit; --
often with of, in the sense of from, before
the person addressed.
Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God.
Judg. xviii. 5.
If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall
ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.
John xv. 7.
2. To require, demand, claim, or expect, whether by
way of remuneration or return, or as a matter of necessity; as,
what price do you ask?
Ask me never so much dowry.
Gen. xxxiv. 12.
To whom men have committed much, of him they will
ask the more.
Luke xii. 48.
An exigence of state asks a much longer time to
conduct a design to maturity.
Addison.
3. To interrogate or inquire of or concerning; to
put a question to or about; to question.
He is of age; ask him: he shall speak for
himself.
John ix. 21.
He asked the way to Chester.
Shak.
4. To invite; as, to ask one to an
entertainment.
5. To publish in church for marriage; -- said of
both the banns and the persons.
Fuller.
Syn. -- To beg; request; seek; petition; solicit; entreat;
beseech; implore; crave; require; demand; claim; exhibit;
inquire; interrogate. See Beg.
Ask, v. i. 1. To request or
petition; -- usually folllowed by for; as, to
ask for bread.
Ask, and it shall be given you.
Matt. vii. 7.
2. To make inquiry, or seek by request; --
sometimes followed by after.
Wherefore . . . dost ask after my name?
Gen. xxxii. 29.
Ask (#), n. [See 2d
Asker.] (Zo\'94l.) A water
newt. [Scot. & North of Eng.]
{ A*skance" (#), A*skant"
(#), } adv. [Cf. D.
schuin, schuins, sideways,
schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf.
Asquint.] Sideways; obliquely; with a side
glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion.
They dart away; they wheel askance.
Beattie.
My palfrey eyed them askance.
Landor.
Both . . . were viewed askance by authority.
Gladstone.
A*skance", v. t. To turn aside.
[Poet.]
O, how are they wrapped in with infamies
That from their own misdeeds askance their eyes!
Shak.
Ask"er, n. One who asks; a petitioner;
an inquirer.
Shak.
Ask"er, n. [A corruption of AS.
a/exe lizard, newt.] (Zo\'94l.)
An ask; a water newt. [Local Eng.]
A*skew", adv. & a. [Pref. a-
+ skew.] Awry; askance; asquint; oblique or
obliquely; -- sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or
entry.
Spenser.
Ask"ing, n. 1. The act of
inquiring or requesting; a petition; solicitation.
Longfellow.
2. The publishing of banns.
<-- p. 89 -->
A*slake" (#), v. t. & i. [AS.
\'beslacian, slacian, to slacken. Cf.
Slake.] To mitigate; to moderate; to appease;
to abate; to diminish. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
A*slant" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + slant.] Toward one side; in
a slanting direction; obliquely.
[The shaft] drove through his neck aslant.
Dryden.
A*slant", prep. In a slanting direction
over; athwart.
There is a willow grows aslant a brook.
Shak.
A*sleep", a. & adv. [Pref. a-
+ sleep.] 1. In a state of sleep;
in sleep; dormant.
Fast asleep the giant lay supine.
Dryden.
By whispering winds soon lulled asleep.
Milton.
2. In the sleep of the grave; dead.
Concerning them which are asleep . . . sorrow not,
even as others which have no hope.
1 Thess. iv. 13.
3. Numbed, and, usually, tingling.
Udall.
Leaning long upon any part maketh it numb, and, as we call it,
asleep.
Bacon.
A*slope" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + slope.] Slopingly; aslant;
declining from an upright direction; sloping. \'bdSet them
not upright, but aslope.\'b8
Bacon.
A*slug" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + slug to move slowly.]
Sluggishly. [Obs.]
Fotherby.
A*smear" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + smear.] Smeared over.
Dickens.
As`mo*ne"an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to the patriotic Jewish family to which the Maccabees
belonged; Maccabean; as, the Asmonean
dynasty. [Written also
Asmon\'91an.]
As`mo*ne"an, n. One of the Asmonean
family. The Asmoneans were leaders and rulers of the Jews from
168 to 35 b. c.
A*soak" (#), a. [Pref.
a- + soak.] Soaking.
A*so"ma*tous (#), a. [L.
asomatus, Gr. /; / priv. + / body.]
Without a material body; incorporeal.
Todd.
As"o*nant (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + sonant.] Not sounding
or sounded. [R.]
C. C. Felton.
Asp (#), n. (Bot.)
Same as Aspen. \'bdTrembling poplar or
asp.\'b8
Martyn.
Asp (#), n. [L.
aspis, fr. Gr. /: cf. OF. aspe, F.
aspic.] (Zo\'94l.) A small,
hooded, poisonous serpent of Egypt and adjacent countries, whose
bite is often fatal. It is the Naja haje. The name is
also applied to other poisonous serpents, esp. to Vipera
aspis of southern Europe. See Haje.
<-- what is "Ecclus."? Not in the set of references! -->
\'d8As*pal"a*thus (#), n. [L.
aspalathus, Gr. /.] (Bot.)
(a) A thorny shrub yielding a fragrant oil.
Ecclus. xxiv. 15. (b) A genus of plants of
the natural order Leguminos\'91. The species are
chiefly natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
<-- amino acid -->
As*par"a*gine (#), n. [Cf. F.
asparagine.] (Chem.) A white,
nitrogenous, crystallizable substance,
C4H8N2O3+H2O, found in many plants, and first
obtained from asparagus. It is believed to aid in the
disposition of nitrogenous matter throughout the plant; -- called
also altheine.
As`pa*rag"i*nous (#), a.
Pertaining or allied to, or resembling, asparagus; having
shoots which are eaten like asparagus; as,
asparaginous vegetables.
As*par"a*gus (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, /; cf. / to swell with sap or juice, and Zend
/paregha prong, sprout, Pers. asparag,
Lith. spurgas sprout, Skr. sphurj to swell.
Perh. the Greek borrowed from the Persian. Cf.
Sparrowgrass.] 1. (Bot.)
A genus of perennial plants belonging to the natural order
Liliace\'91, and having erect much branched stems, and
very slender branchlets which are sometimes mistaken for leaves.
Asparagus racemosus is a shrubby climbing plant with
fragrant flowers. Specifically: The Asparagus
officinalis, a species cultivated in gardens.
2. The young and tender shoots of A.
officinalis, which form a valuable and well-known
article of food.
sparrowgrass; but this pronunciation is now confined
exclusively to uneducated people.
Asparagus beetle (Zo\'94l.), a
small beetle (Crioceris asparagi) injurious to
asparagus.
As*par"tic (#), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived, asparagine;
as, aspartic acid.
As"pect (#), n. [L.
aspectus, fr. aspicere,
aspectum, to look at; ad + spicere,
specere, to look, akin to E. spy.]
1. The act of looking; vision; gaze; glance.
[R.] \'bdThe basilisk killeth by
aspect.\'b8
Bacon.
His aspect was bent on the ground.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Look, or particular appearance of the face;
countenance; mien; air. \'bdSerious in
aspect.\'b8
Dryden.
[Craggs] with aspect open shall erect his head.
Pope.
3. Appearance to the eye or the mind; look;
view. \'bdThe aspect of affairs.\'b8
Macaulay.
The true aspect of a world lying in its
rubbish.
T. Burnet.
4. Position or situation with regard to seeing;
that position which enables one to look in a particular
direction; position in relation to the points of the compass;
as, a house has a southern aspect, that is, a
position which faces the south.
5. Prospect; outlook. [Obs.]
This town affords a good aspect toward the hill
from whence we descended.
Evelyn.
6. (Astrol.) The situation of planets or
stars with respect to one another, or the angle formed by the
rays of light proceeding from them and meeting at the eye; the
joint look of planets or stars upon each other or upon the
earth.
Milton.
7. (Astrol.) The influence of the stars
for good or evil; as, an ill aspect.
Shak.
The astrologers call the evil influences of the stars evil
aspects.
Bacon.
Aspect of a plane (Geom.), the
direction of the plane.
As*pect" (#), v. t. [L.
aspectare, v. intens. of aspicere. See
Aspect, n.] To behold; to look
at. [Obs.]
As*pect"a*ble (#), a. [L.
aspectabilis.] Capable of being;
visible. \'bdThe aspectable world.\'b8
Ray. \'bdAspectable stars.\'b8 Mrs.
Browning.
As*pect"ant (#), a.
(Her.) Facing each other.
As*pect"ed, a. Having an aspect.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
As*pec"tion (#), n. [L.
aspectio, fr. aspicere to look at.]
The act of viewing; a look. [Obs.]
{ Asp"en (#), Asp (#),
} n. [AS. \'91sp,
\'91ps; akin to OHG. aspa, Icel.
\'94sp, Dan. \'91sp, Sw. asp, D.
esp, G. espe, \'84spe,
aspe; cf. Lettish apsa, Lith.
apuszis.] (Bot.) One of several
species of poplar bearing this name, especially the Populus
tremula, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which
move with the slightest impulse of the air.
Asp"en (#), a. Of or pertaining
to the aspen, or resembling it; made of aspen wood.
Nor aspen leaves confess the gentlest breeze.
Gay.
As"per (#), a. [OE.
aspre, OF. aspre, F. \'83pre,
fr. L. asper rough.] Rough; rugged; harsh;
bitter; stern; fierce. [Archaic] \'bdAn
asper sound.\'b8
Bacon.
\'d8As"per (#), n. [L. spiritus
asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.)
The rough breathing; a mark (#) placed over an initial vowel
sound or over / to show that it is aspirated, that is,
pronounced with h before it; thus hws,
pronounced h/s, hrj'twr, pronounced
hr\'be\'b6t/r.
\'d8As"per, n. [F. aspre or
It. aspro, fr. MGr. /, /, white (prob. from the
whiteness of new silver coins).] A Turkish money of
account (formerly a coin), of little value; the 120th part of a
piaster.
As"per*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Asperated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Asperating.] [L.
asperatus, p. p. of asperare, fr.
asper rough.] To make rough or
uneven.
The asperated part of its surface.
Boyle.
As`per*a"tion (#), n. The act
of asperating; a making or becoming rough.
Bailey.
\'d8As*per"ges (#), n. [L.,
Thou shalt sprinkle.] (R. C. Ch.) (a)
The service or ceremony of sprinkling with holy water.
(b) The brush or instrument used in sprinkling holy
water; an aspergill.
{ As"per*gill (#), \'d8
As`per*gil"lum (#), } n.
[LL. aspergillum, fr. L. aspergere.
See Asperse, v. t.] 1. The brush
used in the Roman Catholic church for sprinkling holy water on
the people. [Also written
aspergillus.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Wateringpot
shell.
As`per*gil"li*form (#), a.
[Aspergillum + -form.]
(Bot.) Resembling the aspergillum in form;
as, an aspergilliform stigma.
Gray.
{ As`per*i*fo"li*ate (#),
As`per*i*fo"li*ous (#), } a.
[L. asper rough + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) Having rough leaves.
Boraginace\'91 or borageworts.
As*per"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Asperities (#). [L.
asperitas, fr. asper rough: cf. F.
asp\'82rit\'82.] 1. Roughness of
surface; unevenness; -- opposed to smoothness.
\'bdThe asperities of dry bodies.\'b8
Boyle.
2. Roughness or harshness of sound; that quality
which grates upon the ear; raucity.
3. Roughness to the taste; sourness;
tartness.
4. Moral roughness; roughness of manner; severity;
crabbedness; harshness; -- opposed to mildness.
\'bdAsperity of character.\'b8
Landor.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess
obligations where no benefit has been received.
Johnson.
5. Sharpness; disagreeableness; difficulty.
The acclivities and asperities of duty.
Barrow.
Syn. -- Acrimony; moroseness; crabbedness; harshness;
sourness; tartness. See Acrimony.
A*sper"ma*tous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + /, /, seed.] (Bot.)
Aspermous.
A*sper"mous, a. [Gr. /; / priv. +
/ seed.] (Bot.) Destitute of seeds;
aspermatous.
A*sperne" (#), v. t. [L.
aspernari; a (ab) +
spernari.] To spurn; to despise.
[Obs.]
Sir T. More.
As"per*ous (#), a. [See
Asper, a.] Rough; uneven.
Boyle.
As*perse" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aspersed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aspersing.] [L. aspersus, p.
p. of aspergere to scatter, sprinkle; ad +
spargere to strew. See Sparse.] 1.
To sprinkle, as water or dust, upon anybody or anything, or
to besprinkle any one with a liquid or with dust.
Heywood.
2. To bespatter with foul reports or false and
injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation or good
name; to slander or calumniate; as, to asperse a
poet or his writings; to asperse a man's
character.
With blackest crimes aspersed.
Cowper.
Syn. -- To slander; defame; detract from; calumniate;
vilify. -- To Asperse, Defame,
Slander, Calumniate. These words have in common
the idea of falsely assailing the character of another. To
asperse is figuratively to cast upon a character
hitherto unsullied the imputation of blemishes or faults which
render it offensive or loathsome. To defame is to
detract from a man's honor and reputation by charges calculated
to load him with infamy. Slander (etymologically the
same as scandal) and calumniate, from the
Latin, have in common the sense of circulating reports to a man's
injury from unworthy or malicious motives. Men asperse
their neighbors by malignant insinuations; they defame
by advancing charges to blacken or sully their fair fame; they
slander or calumniate by spreading
injurious reports which are false, or by magnifying slight faults
into serious errors or crimes.
As*persed" (#), a. 1.
(Her.) Having an indefinite number of small
charges scattered or strewed over the surface.
Cussans.
2. Bespattered; slandered; calumniated.
Motley.
As*pers"er (#), n. One who
asperses; especially, one who vilifies another.
As*per"sion (#), n. [L.
aspersio, fr. aspergere: cf. F.
aspersion.] 1. A sprinkling, as
with water or dust, in a literal sense.
Behold an immersion, not and aspersion.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The spreading of calumniations reports or
charges which tarnish reputation, like the bespattering of a body
with foul water; calumny.
Every candid critic would be ashamed to cast wholesale
aspersions on the entire body of professional
teachers.
Grote.
Who would by base aspersions blot thy virtue.
Dryden.
As*pers"ive (#), a. Tending to
asperse; defamatory; slanderous. --
As*pers"ive*ly, adv.
\'d8As`per`soir" (#), n.
[F.] An aspergill.
\'d8As`per*so"ri*um (#), n.;
pl. Aspplwsoria (#). [LL. See
Asperse.] 1. The stoup, basin, or
other vessel for holy water in Roman Catholic churches.
2. A brush for sprinkling holy water; an
aspergill.
{ As"phalt (#), As*phal"tum
(#), } n. [Gr. /, of eastern
origin: cf. F. asphalte.] 1.
Mineral pitch, Jews' pitch, or compact native bitumen. It is
brittle, of a black or brown color and high luster on a surface
of fracture; it melts and burns when heated, leaving no residue.
It occurs on the surface and shores of the Dead Sea, which is
therefore called Asphaltites, or the Asphaltic Lake.
It is found also in many parts of Asia, Europe, and America. See
Bitumen.
2. A composition of bitumen, pitch, lime, and
gravel, used for forming pavements, and as a water-proof cement
for bridges, roofs, etc.; asphaltic cement. Artificial asphalt is
prepared from coal tar, lime, sand, etc.
Asphalt stone, Asphalt
rock, a limestone found impregnated with
asphalt.
As"phalt, v. t. To cover with asphalt;
as, to asphalt a roof; asphalted
streets.
\'d8As`phalte" (#), n. [F. See
Asphalt.] Asphaltic mastic or cement. See
Asphalt, 2.
As*phal"tic (#), a. Pertaining
to, of the nature of, or containing, asphalt; bituminous.
\'bdAsphaltic pool.\'b8 \'bdAsphaltic
slime.\'b8
Milton.
As*phal"tite (#), a.
Asphaltic.
As*phal"tite (#), a.
Asphaltic.
Bryant.
\'d8As*phal"tus, n. See
Asphalt.
As"pho*del (#), n. [L.
asphodelus, Gr. /. See Daffodil.]
(Bot.) A general name for a plant of the genus
Asphodelus. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants,
several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their
flowers.
asphodel of the early English and French
poets was the daffodil. The asphodel of the Greek
poets is supposed to be the Narcissus poeticus.
Dr. Prior.
Pansies, and violets, and asphodel.
Milton.
As*phyc"tic (#), a. Pertaining
to asphyxia.
{ \'d8As*phyx"i*a (#), As*phyx"y
(#), } n. [NL.
asphyxia, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / to throb,
beat.] (Med.) Apparent death, or suspended
animation; the condition which results from interruption of
respiration, as in suffocation or drowning, or the inhalation of
irrespirable gases.
As*phyx"i*al (#), a. Of or
relating to asphyxia; as, asphyxial
phenomena.
As*phyx"i*ate (#), v. t. To
bring to a state of asphyxia; to suffocate. [Used commonly
in the past pple.]
As*phyx"i*a`ted (#), As*phyx"ied
(#), p. p. In a state of
asphyxia; suffocated.
As*phyx`i*a"tion (#), n. The
act of causing asphyxia; a state of asphyxia.
As"pic (#), n. [F. See
Asp.] 1. The venomous asp.
[Chiefly poetic]
Shak. Tennyson.
2. A piece of ordnance carrying a 12 pound
shot. [Obs.]
As"pic, n. [F., a corrupt. of
spic (OF. espi, F. \'82pi), L.
spica (spicum, spicus), ear,
spike. See Spike.] A European species of
lavender (Lavandula spica), which produces a volatile
oil. See Spike.
As"pic, n. [F., prob. fr.
aspic an asp.] A savory meat jelly
containing portions of fowl, game, fish, hard boiled eggs,
etc.
Thackeray.
\'d8As`pi*do*bran"chi*a (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. /, /, shield + / gills.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Gastropoda, with limpetlike
shells, including the abalone shells and keyhole limpets.
As*pir"ant (?; 277), a. [Cf. F.
aspirant, p. pr. of aspirer. See
Aspire.] Aspiring.
As*pir"ant, n. [Cf. F.
aspirant.] One who aspires; one who eagerly
seeks some high position or object of attainment.
In consequence of the resignations . . . the way to greatness
was left clear to a new set of aspirants.
Macaulay.
As"pi*rate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Aspirated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aspirating
(#).] [L. aspiratus, p. p.
of aspirare to breathe toward or upon, to add the
breathing h; ad + spirare to breathe, blow.
Cf. Aspire.] To pronounce with a breathing,
an aspirate, or an h sound; as, we aspirate
the words horse and house; to aspirate
a vowel or a liquid consonant.
As"pi*rate (#), n. 1.
A sound consisting of, or characterized by, a breath like
the sound of h; the breathing h or a character
representing such a sound; an aspirated sound.
<-- p. 90 -->
2. A mark of aspiration (#) used in Greek; the
asper, or rough breathing.
Bentley.
3. An elementary sound produced by the breath
alone; a surd, or nonvocal consonant; as, f,
th in thin, etc.
{ As"pi*rate (#), As"pi*ra"ted
(#), } a. [L.
aspiratus, p. p.] Pronounced with the
h sound or with audible breath.
But yet they are not aspirate, i. e., with such an
aspiration as h.
Holder.
As`pi*ra"tion (#), n. [L.
aspiratio, fr. aspirare: cf. F.
aspiration.] 1. The act of
aspirating; the pronunciation of a letter with a full or strong
emission of breath; an aspirated sound.
If aspiration be defined to be an impetus of
breathing.
Wilkins.
2. The act of breathing; a breath; an
inspiration.
3. The act of aspiring of a ardently desiring;
strong wish; high desire. \'bdAspirations after
virtue.\'b8
Johnson.
Vague aspiration after military renown.
Prescott.
As"pi*ra`tor (#), n. 1.
(Chem.) An apparatus for passing air or gases
through or over certain liquids or solids, or for exhausting a
closed vessel, by means of suction.
2. (Med.) An instrument for the
evacuation of the fluid contents of tumors or collections of
blood.
As*pir"a*to*ry (#), a. Of or
pertaining to breathing; suited to the inhaling of air
As*pire" (#), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Aspired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Aspiring.] [F. aspirer, L.
aspirare. See Aspirate, v.
t.] 1. To desire with eagerness; to
seek to attain something high or great; to pant; to long; --
followed by to or after, and rarely by
at; as, to aspire to a crown; to
aspire after immorality.
Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell;
Aspiring to be angels, men rebel.
Pope.
2. To rise; to ascend; to tower; to soar.
My own breath still foments the fire,
Which flames as high as fancy can aspire.
Waller.
As*pire", v. t. To aspire to; to long
for; to try to reach; to mount to. [Obs.]
That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds.
Shak.
As*pire", n. Aspiration.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
As*pire"ment (#), n.
Aspiration. [Obs.]
As*pir"er (#), n. One who
aspires.
As*pir"ing, a. That aspires; as, an
Aspiring mind. --
As*pir"ing*ly, adv. --
As*pir"ing*ness, n.
Asp"ish (#), a. Pertaining to,
or like, an asp.
As`por*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
asportatio, fr. asportare to carry away;
abs = ab + portare to bear, carry.]
(Law) The felonious removal of goods from the
place where they were deposited.
Blackstone.
A*sprawl" (#), adv. & a.
Sprawling.
A*squat" (#), adv. & a.
Squatting.
A*squint" (#), adv. [Cf.
Askant, Squint.] With the eye
directed to one side; not in the straight line of vision;
obliquely; awry, so as to see distortedly; as, to look
asquint.
Ass (#), n. [OE.
asse, AS. assa; akin to Icel.
asni, W. asen, asyn, L.
asinus, dim. aselus, Gr. /; also to AS.
esol, OHG. esil, G. esel, Goth.
asilus, Dan. \'91sel, Lith.
asilas, Bohem. osel, Pol. osiel.
The word is prob. of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. ath/n
she ass. Cf. Ease.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A quadruped of the genus
Equus (E. asinus), smaller than the horse,
and having a peculiarly harsh bray and long ears. The tame or
domestic ass is patient, slow, and sure-footed, and has become
the type of obstinacy and stupidity. There are several species of
wild asses which are swift-footed.
2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow; a dolt.
Shak.
Asses' Bridge. [L. pons
asinorum.] The fifth proposition of the first
book of Euclid, \'bdThe angles at the base of an isosceles
triangle are equal to one another.\'b8 [Sportive]
\'bdA schoolboy, stammering out his Asses' Bridge.\'b8
F. Harrison. -- To make an ass of one's
self, to do or say something very foolish or
absurd.
As`sa*f (#), n. Same
as Asafetida.
As"sa*gai (#), As"se*gai
(#), n. [Pg. azagaia,
Sp. azagaya, fr. a Berber word. Cf.
Lancegay.] A spear used by tribes in South
Africa as a missile and for stabbing, a kind of light
javelin.
\'d8As*sa"i (#). [It., fr. L.
ad + satis enough. See
Assets.] (Mus.) A direction
equivalent to very; as, adagio assai,
very slow.
As*sail" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assailed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Assailing.] [OE. assailen,
asailen, OF. asaillir,
assailler, F. assaillir; / (L.
ad) + saillir to burst out, project, fr. L.
salire to leap, spring; cf. L. assilire to
leap or spring upon. See Sally.] 1.
To attack with violence, or in a vehement and hostile
manner; to assault; to molest; as, to assail a man
with blows; to assail a city with artillery.
No rude noise mine ears assailing.
Cowper.
No storm can now assail
The charm he wears within.
Keble.
2. To encounter or meet purposely with the view of
mastering, as an obstacle, difficulty, or the like.
The thorny wilds the woodmen fierce assail.
Pope.
3. To attack morally, or with a view to produce
changes in the feelings, character, conduct, existing usages,
institutions; to attack by words, hostile influence, etc.;
as, to assail one with appeals, arguments, abuse,
ridicule, and the like.
The papal authority . . . assailed.
Hallam.
They assailed him with keen invective; they
assailed him with still keener irony.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To attack; assault; invade; encounter; fall upon.
See Attack.
As*sail"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being assailed.
As*sail"ant (#), a. [F.
assaillant, p. pr. of assaillir.]
Assailing; attacking.
Milton.
As*sail"ant, n. [F.
assaillant.] One who, or that which,
assails, attacks, or assaults; an assailer.
An assailant of the church.
Macaulay.
As*sail"er (#), n. One who
assails.
As*sail"ment (#), n. The act or
power of assailing; attack; assault. [R.]
His most frequent assailment was the headache.
Johnson.
As"sa*mar (#), n. [L.
assare to roast + amarus, bitter.]
(Chem.) The peculiar bitter substance, soft or
liquid, and of a yellow color, produced when meat, bread, gum,
sugar, starch, and the like, are roasted till they turn
brown.
As`sam*ese" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Assam, a province of British India, or to its
inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or natives of Assam.
\'d8As`sa*pan" (#),
\'d8As`sa*pan"ic (#), n.
[Prob. Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The
American flying squirrel (Pteromys volucella).
As*sart", n. [OF. essart the
grubbing up of trees, fr. essarter to grub up or clear
ground of bushes, shrubs, trees, etc., fr. LL.
exartum, exartare, for
exsaritare; L. ex + sarire,
sarrire, saritum, to hoe, weed.]
1. (Old Law) The act or offense of
grubbing up trees and bushes, and thus destroying the tickets or
coverts of a forest.
Spelman. Cowell.
2. A piece of land cleared of trees and bushes, and
fitted for cultivation; a clearing.
Ash.
Assart land, forest land cleared of woods and
brush.
As*sart", v. t. To grub up, as trees; to
commit an assart upon; as, to assart land or
trees.
Ashmole.
As*sas"sin (#), n. [F. (cf. It.
assassino), fr. Ar. /hashishin one who
has drunk of the hashish. Under its influence the
Assassins of the East, followers of the Shaikh
al-Jabal (Old Man of the Mountain), were said to
commit the murders required by their chief.] One who
kills, or attempts to kill, by surprise or secret assault; one
who treacherously murders any one unprepared for defense.
As*sas"sin, v. t. To assassinate.
[Obs.]
Stillingfleet.
As*sas"sin*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assassinated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Assassinating
(#).] [LL. assassinatus, p.
p. of assassinare.] 1. To kill by
surprise or secret assault; to murder by treacherous
violence.
Help, neighbors, my house is broken open by force, and I am
ravished, and like to be assassinated.
Dryden.
2. To assail with murderous intent; hence, by
extended meaning, to maltreat exceedingly.
[Archaic]
Your rhymes assassinate our fame.
Dryden.
Such usage as your honorable lords
Afford me, assassinated and betrayed.
Milton.
Syn. -- To kill; murder; slay. See Kill.
As*sas"sin*ate (#), n. [F.
assassinat.] 1. An assassination,
murder, or murderous assault. [Obs.]
If I had made an assassinate upon your father.
B. Jonson.
2. An assassin. [Obs.]
Dryden.
As*sas`si*na"tion (#), n. The
act of assassinating; a killing by treacherous violence.
As*sas"si*na`tor (#), n. An
assassin.
As*sas"sin*ous (#), a.
Murderous.
Milton.
As*sas"tion (#), n. [F., fr.
LL. assatio, fr. L. assare to roast.]
Roasting. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
As*sault" (#), n. [OE.
asaut, assaut, OF. assaut,
asalt, F. assaut, LL. assaltus;
L. ad + saltus a leaping, a springing,
salire to leap. See Assail.]
1. A violent onset or attack with physical means,
as blows, weapons, etc.; an onslaught; the rush or charge of an
attacking force; onset; as, to make assault upon a
man, a house, or a town.
The Spanish general prepared to renew the
assault.
Prescott.
Unshaken bears the assault
Of their most dreaded foe, the strong southwest.
Wordsworth.
2. A violent onset or attack with moral weapons, as
words, arguments, appeals, and the like; as, to make an
assault on the prerogatives of a prince, or on the
constitution of a government.
Clarendon.
3. (Law) An apparently violent attempt,
or willful offer with force or violence, to do hurt to another;
an attempt or offer to beat another, accompanied by a degree of
violence, but without touching his person, as by lifting the
fist, or a cane, in a threatening manner, or by striking at him,
and missing him. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a
battery.
Blackstone. Wharton.
Practically, however, the word assault is used to
include the battery.
Mozley & W.
Syn. -- Attack; invasion; incursion; descent; onset;
onslaught; charge; storm.
As*sault", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Assaulted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assaulting.] [From Assault,
n.: cf. OF. assaulter, LL.
assaltare.] 1. To make an assault
upon, as by a sudden rush of armed men; to attack with unlawful
or insulting physical violence or menaces.
Insnared, assaulted, overcome, led bound.
Milton.
2. To attack with moral means, or with a view of
producing moral effects; to attack by words, arguments, or
unfriendly measures; to assail; as, to assault a
reputation or an administration.
Before the gates, the cries of babes newborn, . . .
Assault his ears.
Dryden.
assail is more
common.
Syn. -- To attack; assail; invade; encounter; storm; charge.
See Attack.
As*sault"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being assaulted.
As*sault"er (#), n. One who
assaults, or violently attacks; an assailant.
E. Hall.
As*say" (#), n. [OF.
asai, essai, trial, F. essa. See
Essay, n.] 1. Trial;
attempt; essay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
I am withal persuaded that it may prove much more easy in the
assay than it now seems at distance.
Milton.
2. Examination and determination; test; as, an
assay of bread or wine. [Obs.]
This can not be, by no assay of reason.
Shak.
3. Trial by danger or by affliction; adventure;
risk; hardship; state of being tried. [Obs.]
Through many hard assays which did betide.
Spenser.
4. Tested purity or value.
[Obs.]
With gold and pearl of rich assay.
Spenser.
5. (Metallurgy) The act or process of
ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or
alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or
silver in bullion or coin.
6. The alloy or metal to be assayed.
Ure.
Assay and essay are radically the
same word; but modern usage has appropriated assay
chiefly to experiments in metallurgy, and essay to
intellectual and bodily efforts. See Essay.]
Assay is used adjectively or as the first
part of a compound; as, assay balance,
assay furnace.
Assay master, an officer who assays or tests
gold or silver coin or bullion. -- Assay ton,
a weight of 29.166\'a6 grams.
As*say", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Assayed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Assaying.] [OF.
asaier, essaier, F. essayer, fr.
essai. See Assay, n.,
Essay, v.] 1. To try; to
attempt; to apply. [Obs. or Archaic]
To-night let us assay our plot.
Shak.
Soft words to his fierce passion she assayed.
Milton.
2. To affect. [Obs.]
When the heart is ill assayed.
Spenser.
3. To try tasting, as food or drink.
[Obs.]
4. To subject, as an ore, alloy, or other metallic
compound, to chemical or metallurgical examination, in order to
determine the amount of a particular metal contained in it, or to
ascertain its composition.
As*say", v. i. To attempt, try, or
endeavor. [Archaic. In this sense essay is
now commonly used.]
She thrice assayed to speak.
Dryden.
As*say"a*ble (#), a. That may
be assayed.
As*say"er, n. One who assays.
Specifically: One who examines metallic ores or compounds, for
the purpose of determining the amount of any particular metal in
the same, especially of gold or silver.
As*say"ing, n. The act or process of
testing, esp. of analyzing or examining metals and ores, to
determine the proportion of pure metal.
\'d8Asse (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small foxlike animal (Vulpes
cama) of South Africa, valued for its fur.
As`se*cu*ra"tion (#), n. [LL.
assecuratio, fr. assecurare.]
Assurance; certainty. [Obs.]
As`se*cure" (#), v. t. [LL.
assecurare.] To make sure or safe; to
assure. [Obs.]
Hooker.
As`se*cu"tion (#), n. [F.
ass\'82cution, fr. L. assequi to obtain;
ad + sequi to follow.] An obtaining or
acquiring. [Obs.]
Ayliffe.
As"se*gai (#), n. Same as
Assagai.
As*sem"blage, n. [Cf. F.
assemblage. See Assemble.] 1.
The act of assembling, or the state o/ being;
association.
In sweet assemblage every blooming grace.
Fenton.
2. A collection of individuals, or of individuals,
or of particular things; as, a political assemblage;
an assemblage of ideas.
Syn. -- Company; group; collection; concourse; gathering;
meeting; convention. Assemblage,
Assembly. An assembly consists only of
persons; an assemblage may be composed of things as
well as persons, as, an assemblage of incoherent
objects. Nor is every assemblage of persons an
assembly; since the latter term denotes a body who
have met, and are acting, in concert for some common end, such as
to hear, to deliberate, to unite in music, dancing, etc. An
assemblage of skaters on a lake, or of horse jockeys
at a race course, is not an assembly, but might be
turned into one by collecting into a body with a view to discuss
and decide as to some object of common interest.
As*sem"blance, n. [Cf. OF.
assemblance.] 1. Resemblance;
likeness; appearance. [Obs.]
Care I for the . . . stature, bulk, and big
assemblance of a man / Give me the spirit.
Shak.
2. An assembling; assemblage.
[Obs.]
To weete [know] the cause of their assemblance.
Spenser.
As*sem"ble (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assembled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Assembling
(#).] [F. assembler, fr. LL.
assimulare to bring together to collect; L. ad +
simul together; akin to similis like, Gr. / at
the same time, and E. same. Cf. Assimilate,
Same.] To collect into one place or body; to
bring or call together; to convene; to congregate.
Thither he assembled all his train.
Milton.
All the men of Israel assembled themselves.
1 Kings viii. 2.
As*sem"ble, v. i. To meet or come
together, as a number of individuals; to convene; to
congregate.
Dryden.
The Parliament assembled in November.
W. Massey.
As*sem"ble, v. i. To liken; to
compare. [Obs.]
Bribes may be assembled to pitch.
Latimer.
As*sem"bler (#), n. One who
assembles a number of individuals; also, one of a number
assembled.
As*sem"bly (#), n.; pl.
Assemblies (#). [F.
assembl\'82e, fr. assembler. See
Assemble.] 1. A company of persons
collected together in one place, and usually for some common
purpose, esp. for deliberation and legislation, for worship, or
for social entertainment.
2. A collection of inanimate objects.
[Obs.]
Howell.
3. (Mil.) A beat of the drum or sound of
the bugle as a signal to troops to assemble.
Assembly, or
the General Assembly. In the Presbyterian Church, the
General Assembly is the highest ecclesiastical
tribunal, composed of ministers and ruling elders delegated from
each presbytery; as, the General Assembly of the
Presbyterian Church in the United States, or of Scotland.
<-- p. 91 -->
Assembly room, a room in which persons
assemble, especially for dancing. -- Unlawful
assembly (Law), a meeting of three or more
persons on a common plan, in such a way as to cause a reasonable
apprehension that they will disturb the peace tumultuously.
-- Westminster Assembly, a convocation, consisting
chiefly of divines, which, by act of Parliament, assembled July
1, 1643, and remained in session some years. It framed the
\'bdConfession of Faith,\'b8 the \'bdLarger Catechism,\'b8 and
the \'bdShorter Catechism,\'b8 which are still received as
authority by Presbyterians, and are substantially accepted by
Congregationalists.
Syn. -- See Assemblage.
As*sem"bly*man (#), n.; pl.
Assemblymen (#). A member of an
assembly, especially of the lower branch of a state
legislature.
As*sent", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Assented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Assenting.] [F. assentir, L.
assentire, assentiri; ad +
sentire to feel, think. See Sense.] To
admit a thing as true; to express one's agreement, acquiescence,
concurrence, or concession.
Who informed the governor . . . And the Jews also
assented, saying that these things were so.
Acts xxiv. 9.
The princess assented to all that was
suggested.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To yield; agree; acquiesce; concede; concur.
As*sent" (#), n. [OE.
assent, fr. assentir. See Assent,
v.] The act of assenting; the act of the
mind in admitting or agreeing to anything; concurrence with
approval; consent; agreement; acquiescence.
Faith is the assent to any proposition, on the
credit of the proposer.
Locke.
The assent, if not the approbation, of the
prince.
Prescott.
Too many people read this ribaldry with assent and
admiration.
Macaulay.
Royal assent, in England, the assent of the
sovereign to a bill which has passed both houses of Parliament,
after which it becomes law.
Syn. -- Concurrence; acquiescence; approval; accord.
-- Assent, Consent. Assent
is an act of the understanding, consent of the will or
feelings. We assent to the views of others when our
minds come to the same conclusion with theirs as to what is true,
right, or admissible. We consent when there is such a
concurrence of our will with their desires and wishes that we
decide to comply with their requests. The king of England gives
his assent, not his consent, to acts of
Parliament, because, in theory at least, he is not governed by
personal feelings or choice, but by a deliberate, judgment as to
the common good. We also use assent in cases where a
proposal is made which involves but little interest or feeling. A
lady may assent to a gentleman's opening the window;
but if he offers himself in marriage, he must wait for her
consent.
As`sen*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
assentatio. See Assent, v.]
Insincere, flattering, or obsequious assent; hypocritical or
pretended concurrence.
Abject flattery and indiscriminate assentation
degrade as much as indiscriminate contradiction and noisy debate
disgust.
Ld. Chesterfield.
As`sen*ta"tor, n. [L., fr.
assentari to assent constantly.] An
obsequious; a flatterer. [R.]
As*sent"a*to*ry (#), a.
Flattering; obsequious. [Obs.] --
As*sent"a*to*ri*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
As*sent"er (#), n. One who
assents.
As*sen"tient, a. Assenting.
As*sent"ing (#), a. Giving or
implying assent. -- As*sent"ing*ly,
adv.
As*sent"ive (#), a. Giving
assent; of the nature of assent; complying. --
As*sent"ive*ness, n.
As*sent"ment, n. Assent;
agreement. [Obs.]
As*sert" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Asserted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Asserting.] [L.
assertus, p. p. of asserere to join or
fasten to one's self, claim, maintain; ad + serere to
join or bind together. See Series.] 1.
To affirm; to declare with assurance, or plainly and
strongly; to state positively; to aver; to asseverate.
Nothing is more shameful . . . than to assert
anything to be done without a cause.
Ray.
2. To maintain; to defend. [Obs. or
Archaic]
That . . . I may assert Eternal Providence,
And justify the ways of God to men.
Milton.
I will assert it from the scandal.
Jer. Taylor.
3. To maintain or defend, as a cause or a claim, by
words or measures; to vindicate a claim or title to; as, to
assert our rights and liberties.
To assert one's self, to claim or vindicate
one's rights or position; to demand recognition.
Syn. -- To affirm; aver; asseverate; maintain; protest;
pronounce; declare; vindicate. -- To
Assert, Affirm, Maintain,
Vindicate. To assert is to fasten to one's
self, and hence to claim. It is, therefore,
adversative in its nature. We assert our rights and
privileges, or the cause of tree institutions, as against
opposition or denial. To affirm is to declare as true.
We assert boldly; we affirm positively. To
maintain is to uphold, and insist upon with
earnestness, whatever we have once asserted; as, to
maintain one's cause, to maintain an argument,
to maintain the ground we have taken. To
vindicate is to use language and measures of the
strongest kind, in defense of ourselves and those for whom we
act. We maintain our assertions by adducing proofs,
facts, or arguments; we are ready to vindicate our
rights or interests by the utmost exertion of our powers.
As*sert"er (#), n. One who
asserts; one who avers pr maintains; an assertor.
The inflexible asserter of the rights of the
church.
Milman.
As*ser"tion (#), n. [L.
assertio, fr. asserere.] 1.
The act of asserting, or that which is asserted; positive
declaration or averment; affirmation; statement asserted;
position advanced.
There is a difference between assertion and
demonstration.
Macaulay.
2. Maintenance; vindication; as, the
assertion of one's rights or prerogatives.
As*sert"ive (#), a. Positive;
affirming confidently; affirmative; peremptory.
In a confident and assertive form.
Glanvill.
As*sert"ive*ly, adv. --
As*sert"ive*ness, n.
As*sert"or (#), n. [L., fr.
asserere.] One who asserts or avers; one
who maintains or vindicates a claim or a right; an affirmer,
supporter, or vindicator; a defender; an asserter.
The assertors of liberty said not a word.
Macaulay.
Faithful assertor of thy country's cause.
Prior.
As`ser*to"ri*al (#), a.
Asserting that a thing is; -- opposed to
problematical and apodeictical.
As*sert"o*ry (#), a. [L.
assertorius, fr. asserere.]
Affirming; maintaining.
Arguments . . . assertory, not probatory.
Jer. Taylor.
An assertory, not a promissory, declaration.
Bentham.
A proposition is assertory, when it enounces what
is known as actual.
Sir W. Hamilton.
As*sess" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assessed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Assessing.] [OF. assesser to
regulate, settle, LL. assessare to value for taxation,
fr. L. assidere, supine as if assessum, to
sit by, esp. of judges in a court, in LL. to assess, tax. Cf.
Assize, v., Cess.] 1.
To value; to make a valuation or official estimate of for
the purpose of taxation.
2. To apportion a sum to be paid by (a person, a
community, or an estate), in the nature of a tax, fine, etc.; to
impose a tax upon (a person, an estate, or an income) according
to a rate or apportionment.
3. To determine and impose a tax or fine upon (a
person, community, estate, or income); to tax; as, the club
assessed each member twenty-five cents.
4. To fix or determine the rate or amount of.
This sum is assessed and raised upon individuals by
commissioners in the act.
Blackstone.
As*sess"a*ble (#), a. Liable to
be assessed or taxed; as, assessable
property.
As`sess*ee" (#), n. One who is
assessed.
As*ses"sion (#), n. [L.
assessio, fr. assid/re to sit by or near;
ad + sed/re to sit. See Sit.] A
sitting beside or near.
As*sess"ment (#), n. [LL.
assessamentum.] 1. The act of
assessing; the act of determining an amount to be paid; as,
an assessment of damages, or of taxes; an
assessment of the members of a club.
2. A valuation of property or profits of business,
for the purpose of taxation; such valuation and an adjudging of
the proper sum to be levied on the property; as, an
assessment of property or an assessment on
property.
assessment is a valuation made by
authorized persons according to their discretion, as opposed to a
sum certain or determined by law. It is a valuation of the
property of those who are to pay the tax, for the purpose of
fixing the proportion which each man shall pay.
Blackstone. Burrill.
3. The specific sum levied or assessed.
4. An apportionment of a subscription for stock
into successive installments; also, one of these installments (in
England termed a \'bdcall\'b8). [U. S.]
As*sess"or, n. [L., one who sits beside,
the assistant of a judge, fr. assid/re. See
Assession. LL., one who arranges of determines the
taxes, fr. assid/re. See Assess,
v., and cf. Cessor.] 1.
One appointed or elected to assist a judge or magistrate
with his special knowledge of the subject to be decided; as legal
assessors, nautical assessors.
Mozley & W.
2. One who sits by another, as next in dignity, or
as an assistant and adviser; an associate in office.
Whence to his Son,
The assessor of his throne, he thus began.
Milton.
With his ignorance, his inclinations, and his fancy, as his
assessors in judgment.
I. Taylor.
3. One appointed to assess persons or property for
the purpose of taxation.
Bouvier.
As`ses*so"ri*al (#), a. [Cf. F.
assessorial, fr. L. assessor.]
Of or pertaining to an assessor, or to a court of
assessors.
Coxe.
As*sess"or*ship (#), n. The
office or function of an assessor.
As"set (#), n. Any article or
separable part of one's assets.
As"sets (#), n. pl. [OF.
asez enough, F. assez, fr. L. ad +
satis, akin to Gr. / enough, Goth. saps full.
Cf. Assai, Satisfy.] 1.
(Law) (a) Property of a deceased person,
subject by law to the payment of his debts and legacies; --
called assets because sufficient to render
the executor or administrator liable to the creditors and
legatees, so far as such goods or estate may extend.
Story. Blackstone. (b) Effects of
an insolvent debtor or bankrupt, applicable to the payment of
debts.
2. The entire property of all sorts, belonging to a
person, a corporation, or an estate; as, the assets
of a merchant or a trading association; -- opposed to
liabilities.
assets are put
on the Cr. side and the debts on the Dr. side.
As*sev"er (#), v. t. [Cf. OF.
asseverer, fr. L. asseverare.]
See Asseverate. [Archaic]
As*sev"er*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Asseverated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Asseverating
(#).] [L. asseveratus, p. p.
of asseverare to assert seriously or earnestly;
ad + severus. See Severe.] To
affirm or aver positively, or with solemnity.
Syn. -- To affirm; aver; protest; declare. See
Affirm.
As*sev`er*a"tion (#), n. [L.
asseveratio.] The act of asseverating, or
that which is asseverated; positive affirmation or assertion;
solemn declaration.
Another abuse of the tongue I might add, -- vehement
asseverations upon slight and trivial occasions.
Ray.
As*sev"er*a*tive, a. Characterized by
asseveration; asserting positively.
As*sev"er*a*to*ry, a.
Asseverative.
As*sib"i*late, v. t. [L.
assibilatus, p. p. of assibilare to hiss
out; ad + sibilare to hiss.] To make
sibilant; to change to a sibilant.
J. Peile.
As*sib`i*la"tion, n. Change of a
non-sibilant letter to a sibilant, as of -tion to
-shun, duke to ditch.
As`si*de"an, n. [Heb.
kh\'besad to be pious.] One of a body of
devoted Jews who opposed the Hellenistic Jews, and supported the
Asmoneans.
As"si*dent (#), a. [L.
assidens, p. pr. of assid/re to sit by:
cf. F. assident. See Assession.]
(Med.) Usually attending a disease, but not
always; as, assident signs, or symptoms.
As*sid"u*ate (#), a. [L.
assiduatus, p. p. of assiduare to use
assiduously.] Unremitting; assiduous.
[Obs.] \'bdAssiduate labor.\'b8
Fabyan.
As`si*du"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Assiduities (#). [L.
assiduitas: cf. F. assiduite. See
Assiduous.] 1. Constant or close
application or attention, particularly to some business or
enterprise; diligence.
I have, with much pains and assiduity, qualified
myself for a nomenclator.
Addison.
2. Studied and persevering attention to a person;
-- usually in the plural.
As*sid"u*ous (#), a. [L.
assiduus, fr. assid/re to sit near or
close; ad + sed/re to sit. See Sit.]
1. Constant in application or attention; devoted;
attentive; unremitting.
She grows more assiduous in her attendance.
Addison.
2. Performed with constant diligence or attention;
unremitting; persistent; as, assiduous
labor.
To weary him with my assiduous cries.
Milton.
Syn. -- Diligent; attentive; sedulous; unwearied;
unintermitted; persevering; laborious; indefatigable.
As*sid"u*ous*ly, adv. --
As*sid"u*ous*ness, n.
As*siege" (#), v. t. [OE.
asegen, OF. asegier, F.
assi\'82ger, fr. LL. assediare,
assidiare, to besiege. See Siege.]
To besiege. [Obs.]
\'bdAssieged castles.\'b8
Spenser.
As*siege", n. A siege.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
As`si*en"tist, n. [Cf. F.
assientiste, Sp. asentista.] A
shareholder of the Assiento company; one of the parties to the
Assiento contract.
Bancroft.
\'d8As`si*en"to (#), n. [Sp.
asiento seat, contract or agreement, fr.
asentar to place on a chair, to adjust, to make an
agreement; a (L. ad) + sentar, a
participial verb; as if there were a L. sedentare to
cause to sit, fr. sedens, sedentis, p. pr.
of sed/re to sit.] A contract or
convention between Spain and other powers for furnishing negro
slaves for the Spanish dominions in America, esp. the contract
made with Great Britain in 1713.
As*sign" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assigned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Assigning.] [OE. assignen,
asignen, F. assigner, fr. L.
assignare; ad + signare to mark, mark out,
designate, signum mark, sign. See
Sign.] 1. To appoint; to allot; to
apportion; to make over.
In the order I assign to them.
Loudon.
The man who could feel thus was worthy of a better station
than that in which his lot had been assigned.
Southey.
He assigned to his men their several posts.
Prescott.
2. To fix, specify, select, or designate; to point
out authoritatively or exactly; as, to assign a
limit; to assign counsel for a prisoner; to
assign a day for trial.
All as the dwarf the way to her assigned.
Spenser.
It is not easy to assign a period more
eventful.
De Quincey.
3. (Law) To transfer, or make over to
another, esp. to transfer to, and vest in, certain persons,
called assignees, for the benefit of creditors.
To assign dower, to set out by metes and
bounds the widow's share or portion in an estate.
Kent.
As*sign", n. [From Assign,
v.] A thing pertaining or belonging to
something else; an appurtenance. [Obs.]
Six French rapiers and poniards, with their
assigns, as girdles, hangers, and so.
Shak.
As*sign", n. [See
Assignee.] (Law) A person to whom
property or an interest is transferred; as, a deed to a man
and his heirs and assigns.
As*sign`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being assignable.
As*sign"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being assigned, allotted, specified, or designated; as, an
assignable note or bill; an assignable reason;
an assignable quantity.
\'d8As`si`gnat" (?; 277), n.
[F. assignat, fr. L. assignatus, p. p.
of assignare.] One of the notes, bills, or
bonds, issued as currency by the revolutionary government of
France (1790-1796), and based on the security of the lands of the
church and of nobles which had been appropriated by the
state.
As`sig*na"tion (#), n. [L.
assignatio, fr. assignare: cf. F.
assignation.] 1. The act of
assigning or allotting; apportionment.
This order being taken in the senate, as touching the
appointment and assignation of those provinces.
Holland.
2. An appointment of time and place for meeting or
interview; -- used chiefly of love interviews, and now commonly
in a bad sense.
While nymphs take treats, or assignations give.
Pope.
3. A making over by transfer of title;
assignment.
House of assignation, a house in which
appointments for sexual intercourse are fulfilled.
As`sign*ee", n. [F.
assign\'82, p. p. of assigner. See
Assign, v., and cf. Assign an
assignee.] (Law) (a) A person to
whom an assignment is made; a person appointed or deputed by
another to do some act, perform some business, or enjoy some
right, privilege, or property; as, an assignee of a
bankrupt. See Assignment (c). An
assignee may be by special appointment or deed, or be created by
jaw; as an executor. Cowell. Blount.
(b) pl. In England, the persons
appointed, under a commission of bankruptcy, to manage the estate
of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors.
<-- p. 92 -->
As*sign"er (#), n. One who
assigns, appoints, allots, or apportions.
As*sign"ment (#), n. [LL.
assignamentum: cf. OF. assenement.]
1. An allotting or an appointment to a particular
person or use; or for a particular time, as of a cause or causes
in court.
2. (Law) (a) A transfer of
title or interest by writing, as of lease, bond, note, or bill of
exchange; a transfer of the whole of some particular estate or
interest in lands. (b) The writing by which
an interest is transferred. (c) The transfer
of the property of a bankrupt to certain persons called
assignees, in whom it is vested for the benefit of
creditors.
Assignment of dower, the setting out by metes
and bounds of the widow's thirds or portion in the deceased
husband's estate, and allotting it to her.
Assignment is also used in law as
convertible with specification; assignment of error in
proceedings for review being specification of error; and
assignment of perjury or fraud in indictment being specifications
of perjury or fraud.
As`sign*or" (#), n. [L.
assignator. Cf. Assigner.]
(Law) An assigner; a person who assigns or
transfers an interest; as, the assignor of a debt or
other chose in action.
As*sim`i*la*bil"i*ty (#), n.
The quality of being assimilable. [R.]
Coleridge.
As*sim"i*la*ble (#), a. That
may be assimilated; that may be likened, or appropriated and
incorporated.
As*sim"i*late (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assimilated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Assimilating
(#).] [L. assimilatus, p. p.
of assimilare; ad + similare to make like,
similis like. See Similar, Assemble,
Assimilate.] 1. To bring to a
likeness or to conformity; to cause a resemblance between.
Sir M. Hale.
To assimilate our law to the law of Scotland.
John Bright.
Fast falls a fleecy; the downy flakes
Assimilate all objects.
Cowper.
2. To liken; to compa/e. [R.]
3. To appropriate and transform or incorporate into
the substance of the assimilating body; to absorb or appropriate,
as nourishment; as, food is assimilated and
converted into organic tissue.
Hence also animals and vegetables may assimilate
their nourishment.
Sir I. Newton.
His mind had no power to assimilate the
lessons.
Merivale.
As*sim"i*late, v. i. 1. To
become similar or like something else. [R.]
2. To change and appropriate nourishment so as to
make it a part of the substance of the assimilating body.
Aliment easily assimilated or turned into
blood.
Arbuthnot.
3. To be converted into the substance of the
assimilating body; to become incorporated; as, some kinds of
food assimilate more readily than others.
I am a foreign material, and cannot assimilate with
the church of England.
J. H. Newman.
As*sim`i*la"tion (#), n. [L.
assimilatio: cf. F. assimilation.]
1. The act or process of assimilating or bringing
to a resemblance, likeness, or identity; also, the state of being
so assimilated; as, the assimilation of one sound to
another.
To aspire to an assimilation with God.
Dr. H. More.
The assimilation of gases and vapors.
Sir J. Herschel.
2. (Physiol.) The conversion of
nutriment into the fluid or solid substance of the body, by the
processes of digestion and absorption, whether in plants or
animals.
Not conversing the body, not repairing it by
assimilation, but preserving it by ventilation.
Sir T. Browne.
assimilation has been limited by
some to the final process by which the nutritive matter of the
blood is converted into the substance of the tissues and
organs.
As*sim"i*la*tive (#), a. [Cf.
LL. assimilativus, F. assimilatif.]
Tending to, or characterized by, assimilation; that
assimilates or causes assimilation; as, an
assimilative process or substance.
As*sim"i*la*to*ry (#), a.
Tending to assimilate, or produce assimilation; as,
assimilatory organs.
As*sim"u*late (#), v. t. [L.
assimulatus, p. p. of assimulare, equiv. to
assimilare. See Assimilate, v.
t.] 1. To feign; to counterfeit; to
simulate; to resemble. [Obs.]
Blount.
2. To assimilate. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
As*sim`u*la"tion (#), n. [L.
assimulatio, equiv. to assimilatio.]
Assimilation. [Obs.]
Bacon.
As`si*ne"go (#), n. See
Asinego.
Ass"ish (#), a. Resembling an
ass; asinine; stupid or obstinate.
Such . . . appear to be of the assich kind . . .
Udall.
As*sist" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Assisting.] [L.
assistere; ad + sistere to cause to stand,
to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F.
assister. See Stand.] To give
support to in some undertaking or effort, or in time of distress;
to help; to aid; to succor.
Assist me, knight. I am undone!
Shak.
Syn. -- To help; aid; second; back; support; relieve;
succor; befriend; sustain; favor. See Help.
As*sist", v. i. 1. To lend aid;
to help.
With God not parted from him, as was feared,
But favoring and assisting to the end.
Milton.
2. To be present as a spectator; as, to
assist at a public meeting. [A
Gallicism]
Gibbon. Prescott.
As*sist"ance (#), n. [Cf. F.
assistance.] 1. The act of
assisting; help; aid; furtherance; succor; support.
Without the assistance of a mortal hand.
Shak.
2. An assistant or helper; a body of helpers.
[Obs.]
Wat Tyler [was] killed by valiant Walworth, the lord mayor of
London, and his assistance, . . . John Cavendish.
Fuller.
3. Persons present. [Obs. or a
Gallicism]
As*sist"ant (#), a. [Cf. F.
assistant, p. pr. of assister.]
1. Helping; lending aid or support;
auxiliary.
Genius and learning . . . are mutually and greatly
assistant to each other.
Beattie.
2. (Mil.) Of the second grade in the
staff of the army; as, an assistant
surgeon. [U.S.]
Farrow.
As*sist"ant (#), n. 1.
One who, or that which, assists; a helper; an auxiliary; a
means of help.
Four assistants who his labor share.
Pope.
Rhymes merely as assistants to memory.
Mrs. Chapone.
2. An attendant; one who is present.
Dryden.
As*sist"ant*ly, adv. In a manner to give
aid. [R.]
As*sist"er, n. An assistant; a
helper.
As*sist"ful (#), a.
Helpful.
As*sist"ive (#), a. Lending
aid, helping.
As*sist"less, a. Without aid or
help. [R.]
Pope.
As*sist"or (#), n. (Law)
A assister.
As*sith"ment (#), n. See
Assythment. [Obs.]
As*size" (#), n. [OE.
assise, asise, OF. assise, F.
assises, assembly of judges, the decree pronounced by
them, tax, impost, fr. assis, assise, p. p.
of asseoir, fr. L. assid/re to sit by;
ad + sed/re to sit. See Sit, Size,
and cf. Excise, Assess.] 1.
An assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a
bailiff or justice, in a certain place and at a certain time, for
public business. [Obs.]
2. (Law) (a) A special kind of
jury or inquest. (b) A kind of writ or real
action. (c) A verdict or finding of a jury
upon such writ. (d) A statute or ordinance in
general. Specifically: (1) A statute regulating the weight,
measure, and proportions of ingredients and the price of articles
sold in the market; as, the assize of bread and
other provisions; (2) A statute fixing the standard of
weights and measures. (e) Anything fixed or
reduced to a certainty in point of time, number, quantity,
quality, weight, measure, etc.; as, rent of
assize. Glanvill. Spelman.
Cowell. Blackstone. Tomlins.
au>Burrill. [This term is not now used in England in
the sense of a writ or real action, and seldom of a jury of any
kind, but in Scotch practice it is still technically applied to
the jury in criminal cases. Stephen. Burrill.
Erskine.] (f) A court, the sitting
or session of a court, for the trial of processes, whether civil
or criminal, by a judge and jury. Blackstone.
Wharton. Encyc. Brit. (g) The
periodical sessions of the judges of the superior courts in every
county of England for the purpose of administering justice in the
trial and determination of civil and criminal cases; -- usually
in the plural. Brande. Wharton.
Craig. Burrill. (h) The time or
place of holding the court of assize; -- generally in the plural,
assizes.
3. Measure; dimension; size. [In
this sense now corrupted into size.]
An hundred cubits high by just assize.
Spenser.
[Formerly written, as in French,
assise.]
As*size", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Assized (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Assizing.] [From
Assize, n.: cf. LL. assisare to
decree in assize. Cf. Asses, v.]
1. To assess; to value; to rate.
[Obs.]
Gower.
2. To fix the weight, measure, or price of, by an
ordinance or regulation of authority. [Obs.]
As*siz"er (#), n. An officer
who has the care or inspection of weights and measures,
etc.
As*siz"or (#), n. (Scots
Law) A juror.
As*so"ber (#), v. t. [Pref.
ad- + sober. Cf. Ensober.]
To make or keep sober. [Obs.]
Gower.
As*so`cia*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being associable, or capable of association;
associableness. \'bdThe associability of
feelings.\'b8
H. Spencer.
As*so"cia*ble (#), a. [See
Associate.] 1. Capable of being
associated or joined.
We know feelings to be associable only by the
proved ability of one to revive another.
H. Spencer.
2. Sociable; companionable.
[Obs.]
3. (Med.) Liable to be affected by
sympathy with other parts; -- said of organs, nerves, muscles,
etc.
The stomach, the most associable of all the organs
of the animal body.
Med. Rep.
As*so"cia*ble*ness, n.
Associability.
As*so"ci*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Associated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Associating
(#).] [L. associatus, p. p.
of associare; ad + sociare to join or
unite, socius companion. See Social.]
1. To join with one, as a friend, companion,
partner, or confederate; as, to associate others
with /s in business, or in an enterprise.
2. To join or connect; to combine in acting;
as, particles of gold associated with other
substances.
3. To connect or place together in thought.
He succeeded in associating his name inseparably
with some names which will last an long as our language.
Macaulay.
4. To accompany; to keep company with.
[Obs.]
Friends should associate friends in grief and
woe.
Shak.
As*so"ci*ate, v. i. 1. To unite
in company; to keep company, implying intimacy; as, congenial
minds are disposed to associate.
2. To unite in action, or to be affected by the
action of a different part of the body.
E. Darwin.
As*so"ci*ate (#), a. [L.
associatus, p. p.] 1. Closely
connected or joined with some other, as in interest, purpose,
employment, or office; sharing responsibility or authority;
as, an associate judge.
While I descend . . . to my associate powers.
Milton.
2. Admitted to some, but not to all, rights and
privileges; as, an associate member.
3. (Physiol.) Connected by habit or
sympathy; as, associate motions, such as occur
sympathetically, in consequence of preceding motions.
E. Darwin.
As*so"ci*ate, n. 1. A
companion; one frequently in company with another, implying
intimacy or equality; a mate; a fellow.
2. A partner in interest, as in business; or a
confederate in a league.
3. One connected with an association or institution
without the full rights or privileges of a regular member;
as, an associate of the Royal Academy.
4. Anything closely or usually connected with
another; an concomitant.
The one [idea] no sooner comes into the understanding, than
its associate appears with it.
Locke.
Syn. -- Companion; mate; fellow; friend; ally; partner;
coadjutor; comrade; accomplice.
As*so"ci*a`ted (#), a. Joined
as a companion; brought into association; accompanying;
combined.
Associated movements (Physiol.),
consensual movements which accompany voluntary efforts
without our consciousness.
Dunglison.
As*so"ci*ate*ship (#), n. The
state of an associate, as in Academy or an office.
As*so`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. association, LL. associatio,
fr. L. associare.] 1. The act of
associating, or state of being associated; union; connection,
whether of persons of things. \'bdSome . . . bond of
association.\'b8
Hooker.
Self-denial is a kind of holy association with
God.
Boyle.
2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally
linked or associated with a thing.
Words . . . must owe their powers association.
Johnson.
Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their venerable
associations, be profaned?
Coleridge.
3. Union of persons in a company or society for
some particular purpose; as, the American
Association for the Advancement of Science; a benevolent
association. Specifically, as among the
Congregationalists, a society, consisting of a number of
ministers, generally the pastors of neighboring churches, united
for promoting the interests of religion and the harmony of the
churches.
Association of ideas (Physiol.),
the combination or connection of states of mind or their
objects with one another, as the result of which one is said to
be revived or represented by means of the other. The relations
according to which they are thus connected or revived are called
the law of association. Prominent among them are
reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and
effect.
Porter.
As*so`ci*a"tion*al (#), a.
1. Of or pertaining to association, or to an
association.
2. Pertaining to the theory held by the
associationists.
As*so`ci*a"tion*ism (#), n.
(Philos.) The doctrine or theory held by
associationists.
As*so`ci*a"tion*ist, n. (Philos.)
One who explains the higher functions and relations of the
soul by the association of ideas; e. g.,
Hartley, J. C. Mill.
As*so"ci*a*tive (#), a. Having
the quality of associating; tending or leading to association;
as, the associative faculty.
Hugh Miller.
As*so"ci*a`tor (#), n. An
associate; a confederate or partner in any scheme.
How Pennsylvania's air agrees with Quakers,
And Carolina's with associators.
Dryden.
As*soil" (#), v. t. [OF.
assoiler, absoiler, assoldre, F.
absoudre, L. absolvere. See
Absolve.] 1. To set free; to
release. [Archaic]
Till from her hands the spright assoiled is.
Spenser.
2. To solve; to clear up. [Obs.]
Any child might soon be able to assoil this
riddle.
Bp. Jewel.
3. To set free from guilt; to absolve.
[Archaic]
Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt.
Dr. H. More.
Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled,
because they are . . . not of scandalous lives.
Jer. Taylor.
4. To expiate; to atone for.
[Archaic]
Spenser.
Let each act assoil a fault.
E. Arnold.
5. To remove; to put off. [Obs.]
She soundly slept, and careful thoughts did quite
assoil.
Spenser.
As*soil", v. t. [Pref. ad- +
soil.] To soil; to stain. [Obs.
or Poet.]
Beau. & Fl.
Ne'er assoil my cobwebbed shield.
Wordsworth.
As*soil"ment (#), n. Act of
assoiling, or state of being assoiled; absolution;
acquittal.
As*soil"ment, n. A soiling;
defilement.
As*soil"zie (#),
As*soil"yie, v. t. [Old form
assoil/e. See Assoil.] (Scots
Law) To absolve; to acquit by sentence of court.
God assoilzie him for the sin of bloodshed.
Sir W. Scott.
As"so*nance (#), n. [Cf. F.
assonance. See Assonant.] 1.
Resemblance of sound. \'bdThe disagreeable
assonance of /sheath' and /sheathed.'\'b8
Steevens.
2. (Pros.) A peculiar species of rhyme,
in which the last accented vowel and those which follow it in one
word correspond in sound with the vowels of another word, while
the consonants of the two words are unlike in sound; as,
calamo and platano, baby and
chary.
The assonance is peculiar to the Spaniard.
Hallam.
3. Incomplete correspondence.
Assonance between facts seemingly remote.
Lowell.
As"so*nant (#), a. [L.
assonans, p. pr. of assonare to sound to,
to correspond to in sound; ad + sonare to sound,
sonus sound: cf. F. assonant. See
Sound.] 1. Having a resemblance of
sounds.
2. (Pros.) Pertaining to the peculiar
species of rhyme called assonance; not
consonant.
As`so*nan"tal (#), a.
Assonant.
As"so*nate (#), v. i. [L.
assonare, assonatum, to respond to.]
To correspond in sound.
As*sort" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assorted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Assorting.] [F.
assortir; / (L. ad) +
sortir to cast or draw lots, to obtain by lot, L.
sortiri, fr. sors, sortis, lot.
See Sort.] 1. To separate and
distribute into classes, as things of a like kind, nature, or
quality, or which are suited to a like purpose; to classify;
as, to assort goods. [Rarely applied to
persons.]
They appear . . . no ways assorted to those with
whom they must associate.
Burke.
2. To furnish with, or make up of, various sorts or
a variety of goods; as, to assort a
cargo.
As*sort", v. i. To agree; to be in
accordance; to be adapted; to suit; to fall into a class or
place.
Mitford.
<-- p. 93 -->
As*sort"ed (#), a. Selected;
culled.
As*sort"ment (#), n. [Cf. F.
assortiment.] 1. Act of assorting,
or distributing into sorts, kinds, or classes.
2. A collection or quantity of things distributed
into kinds or sorts; a number of things assorted.
3. A collection containing a variety of sorts or
kinds adapted to various wants, demands, or purposes; as, an
assortment of goods.
As*sot" (#), v. t. [OF.
asoter, F. assoter; / (L. ad)
+ sot stupid. See Sot.] To besot;
to befool; to beguile; to infatuate. [Obs.]
Some ecstasy assotted had his sense.
Spenser.
As*sot", a. Dazed; foolish;
infatuated. [Obs.]
Willie, I ween thou be assot.
Spenser.
As*suage" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assuaged; p.
pr. & vb. n. Assuaging (#).]
[OE. asuagen, aswagen, OF.
asoagier, asuagier, fr.
assouagier, fr. L. ad + suavis sweet. See
Sweet.] To soften, in a figurative sense; to
allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as heat, pain, or grief; to
appease or pacify, as passion or tumult; to satisfy, as appetite
or desire.
Refreshing winds the summer's heat assuage.
Addison.
To assuage the sorrows of a desolate old man
Burke.
The fount at which the panting mind assuages
Her thirst of knowledge.
Byron.
Syn. -- To alleviate; mitigate; appease; soothe; calm;
tranquilize; relieve. See Alleviate.
As*suage", v. i. To abate or
subside. [Archaic] \'bdThe waters
assuaged.\'b8
Gen. vii. 1.
The plague being come to a crisis, its fury began to
assuage.
De Foe.
As*suage"ment (#), n. [OF.
assouagement, asuagement.]
Mitigation; abatement.
As*sua"ger (#), n. One who, or
that which, assuages.
As*sua"sive (#), a. [From
assuage, as if this were fr. a supposed L.
assuadere to persuade to; or from E. pref. ad +
-suasive as in persuasive.]
Mitigating; tranquilizing; soothing. [R.]
Music her soft assuasive voice applies.
Pope.
As*sub"ju*gate (#), v. t.
[Pref. ad- + subjugate.] To
bring into subjection. [Obs.]
Shak.
As`sue*fac"tion (#), n. [L.
assuefacere to accustom to; assuetus (p. p.
of assuescere to accustom to) + facere to
make; cf. OF. assuefaction.] The act of
accustoming, or the state of being accustomed; habituation.
[Obs.]
Custom and studies efform the soul like wax, and by
assuefaction introduce a nature.
Jer. Taylor.
As"sue*tude (#), n. [L.
assuetudo, fr. assuetus accustomed.]
Accustomedness; habit; habitual use.
Assuetude of things hurtful doth make them lose
their force to hurt.
Bacon.
As*sum"a*ble (#), a. That may
be assumed.
As*sum"a*bly, adv. By way of
assumption.
As*sume" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assumed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Assuming.] [L. assumere;
ad + sumere to take; sub + emere to take,
buy: cf. F. assumer. See Redeem.]
1. To take to or upon one's self; to take formally
and demonstratively; sometimes, to appropriate or take
unjustly.
Trembling they stand while Jove assumes the
throne.
Pope.
The god assumed his native form again.
Pope.
2. To take for granted, or without proof; to
suppose as a fact; to suppose or take arbitrarily or
tentatively.
The consequences of assumed principles.
Whewell.
3. To pretend to possess; to take in
appearance.
Ambition assuming the mask of religion.
Porteus.
Assume a virtue, if you have it not.
Shak.
4. To receive or adopt.
The sixth was a young knight of lesser renown and lower rank,
assumed into that honorable company.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To arrogate; usurp; appropriate.
As*sume", v. i. 1. To be
arrogant or pretentious; to claim more than is due.
Bp. Burnet.
2. (Law) To undertake, as by a
promise.
Burrill.
As*sumed" (#), a. 1.
Supposed.
2. Pretended; hypocritical; make-believe; as,
an assumed character.
As*sum"ed*ly (#), adv. By
assumption.
As*sum"ent (#), n. [L.
assumentum, fr. ad + suere to sew.]
A patch; an addition; a piece put on.
[Obs.]
John Lewis (1731).
As*sum"er (#), n. One who
assumes, arrogates, pretends, or supposes.
W. D. Whitney.
As*sum"ing, a. Pretentious; taking much
upon one's self; presumptuous.
Burke.
\'d8As*sump"sit (?; 215), n.
[L., he undertook, pret. of L. assumere. See
Assume.] (Law) (a) A
promise or undertaking, founded on a consideration. This promise
may be oral or in writing not under seal. It may be express or
implied. (b) An action to recover damages for
a breach or nonperformance of a contract or promise, express or
implied, oral or in writing not under seal. Common or
indebitatus assumpsit is brought for the most part on
an implied promise. Special assumpsit is founded on an
express promise or undertaking.
Wharton.
As*sumpt" (?; 215), v. t. [L.
assumptus, p. p. of assumere. See
Assume.] To take up; to elevate; to
assume. [Obs.]
Sheldon.
As*sumpt", n. [L. assumptum,
p. p. neut. of assumere.] That which is
assumed; an assumption. [Obs.]
The sun of all your assumpts is this.
Chillingworth.
As*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [OE.
assumpcioun a taking up into heaven, L.
assumptio a taking, fr. assumere: cf. F.
assomption. See Assume.] 1.
The act of assuming, or taking to or upon one's self; the
act of taking up or adopting.
The assumption of authority.
Whewell.
2. The act of taking for granted, or supposing a
thing without proof; supposition; unwarrantable claim.
This gives no sanction to the unwarrantable
assumption that the soul sleeps from the period of
death to the resurrection of the body.
Thodey.
That calm assumption of the virtues.
W. Black.
3. The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition
assumed; a supposition.
Hold! says the Stoic; your assumption's wrong.
Dryden.
4. (Logic) The minor or second
proposition in a categorical syllogism.
5. The taking of a person up into heaven.
Hence: (Rom. Cath. & Greek Churches) A festival
in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven.
As*sump"tive (#), a. [L.
assumptivus, fr. assumptus, fr.
assumere.] Assumed, or capable of being
assumed; characterized by assumption; making unwarranted
claims. -- As*sump"tive*ly,
adv.
Assumptive arms (Her.), originally,
arms which a person had a right to assume, in consequence of an
exploit; now, those assumed without sanction of the Heralds'
College.
Percy Smith.
As*sur"ance (#), n. [OE.
assuraunce, F. assurance, fr.
assurer. See Assure.] 1.
The act of assuring; a declaration tending to inspire full
confidence; that which is designed to give confidence.
Whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in
that he hath raised him from the dead.
Acts xvii. 31.
Assurances of support came pouring in daily.
Macaulay.
2. The state of being assured; firm persuasion;
full confidence or trust; freedom from doubt; certainty.
Let us draw with a true heart in full assurance of
faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.
Heb. x. 22.
3. Firmness of mind; undoubting, steadiness;
intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance.
Brave men meet danger with assurance.
Knolles.
Conversation with the world will give them knowledge and
assurance.
Locke.
4. Excess of boldness; impudence; audacity; as,
his assurance is intolerable.
5. Betrothal; affiance. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
6. Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum
on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death.
assurance has been used, in
England, in relation to life contingencies, and
insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is
called temporary assurance, in the time within which
the contingent event must happen is limited. See
Insurance.
7. (Law) Any written or other legal
evidence of the conveyance of property; a conveyance; a
deed.
common assurances of the
kingdom.
Blackstone.
As*sure (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Assured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Assuring.] [OF. ase\'81rer,
F. assurer, LL. assecurare; L. ad +
securus secure, sure, certain. See Secure,
Sure, and cf. Insure.] 1.
To make sure or certain; to render confident by a promise,
declaration, or other evidence.
His promise that thy seed shall bruise our foe . . .
Assures me that the bitterness of death
Is past, and we shall live.
Milton.
2. To declare to, solemnly; to assert to (any one)
with the design of inspiring belief or confidence.
I dare assure thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus.
Shak.
3. To confirm; to make certain or secure.
And it shall be assured to him.
Lev. xxvii. 19.
And hereby we know that we are of the truth, and shall
assure our hearts before him.
1 John iii. 19.
4. To affiance; to betroth.
[Obs.]
Shak.
5. (Law) To insure; to covenant to
indemnify for loss, or to pay a specified sum at death. See
Insure.
Syn. -- To declare; aver; avouch; vouch; assert; asseverate;
protest; persuade; convince.
As*sured" (#), a. Made sure;
safe; insured; certain; indubitable; not doubting; bold to
excess.
As*sured", n. One whose life or property
is insured.
As*sur"ed*ly (#), adv.
Certainly; indubitably. \'bdThe siege
assuredly I'll raise.\'b8
Shak.
As*sur"ed*ness, n. The state of being
assured; certainty; full confidence.
As*sur"er (#), n. 1.
One who assures. Specifically: One who insures against loss;
an insurer or underwriter.
2. One who takes out a life assurance policy.
As*sur"gen*cy (#), n. Act of
rising.
The . . . assurgency of the spirit through the
body.
Coleridge.
As*sur"gent (#), a. [L.
assurgens, p. pr. of assurgere; ad +
surgere to rise.] Ascending;
(Bot.) rising obliquely; curving upward.
Gray.
As*sur"ing (#), a. That
assures; tending to assure; giving confidence. --
As*sur"ing*ly, adv.
As*swage", v. See
Assuage.
As*syr"i*an (#), a. [L.
Assyrius.] Of or pertaining to Assyria, or
to its inhabitants. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of
Assyria; the language of Assyria.
As*syr`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a. Of
or pertaining to Assyriology; as, Assyriological
studies.
As*syr`i*ol"o*gist (#), n. One
versed in Assyriology; a student of Assyrian arch\'91ology.
As*syr`i*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[Assyria + -logy.] The
science or study of the antiquities, language, etc., of ancient
Assyria.
As*syth"ment (#), n. [From OF.
aset, asez, orig. meaning
enough. See Assets.]
Indemnification for injury; satisfaction.
[Chiefly in Scots law]
\'d8As"ta*cus (#), n. [L.
astacus a crab, Gr. /.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of crustaceans, containing the crawfish of
fresh-water lobster of Europe, and allied species of western
North America. See Crawfish.
A*star"board (#), adv.
(Naut.) Over to the starboard side; -- said of
the tiller.
A*start" (#), v. t. & i. Same
as Astert. [Obs.]
\'d8As*tar"te (#), n. [Gr. /
a Ph\'d2nician goddess.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of bivalve mollusks, common on the coasts of America and
Europe.
A*state" (#), n. Estate;
state. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*stat"ic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + static.]
(Magnetism) Having little or no tendency to take
a fixed or definite position or direction: thus, a suspended
magnetic needle, when rendered astatic, loses its
polarity, or tendency to point in a given direction.
Astatic pair (Magnetism), a pair of
magnetic needles so mounted as to be nearly or quite astatic, as
in some galvanometers.
A*stat"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an
astatic manner.
A*stat"i*cism (#), n. The state
of being astatic.
A*stay" (#), adv. (Naut.)
An anchor is said to be astay, in heaving it, an
acute angle is formed between the cable and the surface of the
water.
As"te*ism (#), n. [Gr. /
refined and witty talk, fr. / of the town, polite, witty, fr.
/ city: cf. F. ast\'82isme.]
(Rhet.) Genteel irony; a polite and ingenious
manner of deriding another.
As"tel (#), n. [OE.
astelle piece of wood, OF. astele splinter,
shaving, F. attelle, astelle: cf. L.
astula, dim. of assis board.]
(Mining) An arch, or ceiling, of boards, placed
over the men's heads in a mine.
As"ter (#), n. [L.
aster aster, star, Gr. / star. See
Star.] 1. (Bot.) A genus
of herbs with compound white or bluish flowers; starwort;
Michaelmas daisy.
2. (Floriculture) A plant of the genus
Callistephus. Many varieties (called China
asters, German asters, etc.) are
cultivated for their handsome compound flowers.
\'d8As*te"ri*as (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / starred, fr. / star.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of echinoderms.
As*te"ri*a`ted (#), a. [See
Asterias.] Radiated, with diverging rays;
as, asteriated sapphire.
As`ter*id"i*an (#), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Asterioidea. -- n. A starfish; one
of the Asterioidea.
{ \'d8As*te`ri*oid"e*a (#),
\'d8As`ter*id"e*a (#), } n.
pl. [NL., fr. Gr. / + -oid. See
Asterias.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of
Echinodermata including the true starfishes. The rays vary in
number and always have ambulacral grooves below. The body is
starshaped or pentagonal.
\'d8As*te"ri*on (#), n. [Gr.
/ starry.] (Anat.) The point on the side
of the skull where the lambdoid, parieto-mastoid and
occipito-mastoid sutures.
\'d8As`ter*is"cus (#), n. [L.,
an asterisk. See Asterisk.] (Anat.)
The smaller of the two otoliths found in the inner ear of
many fishes.
As"ter*isk (#), n. [L.
asteriscus, Gr. /, dim. of / star. See
Aster.] The figure of a star, thus, /, used
in printing and writing as a reference to a passage or note in
the margin, to supply the omission of letters or words, or to
mark a word or phrase as having a special character.
As`ter*ism (#), n. [Gr. /,
fr. / star; cf. F. ast\'82risme.] 1.
(Astron.) (a) A constellation.
[Obs.] (b) A small cluster of
stars.
2. (Printing) (a) An asterisk,
or mark of reference. [R.] (b)
Three asterisks placed in this manner,
3. (Crystallog.) An optical property of
some crystals which exhibit a star-shaped by reflected light, as
star sapphire, or by transmitted light, as some mica.
A*stern" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + stern.] (Naut.)
1. In or at the hinder part of a ship; toward the
hinder part, or stern; backward; as, to go
astern.
2. Behind a ship; in the rear. \'bdA gale
of wind right astern.\'b8 De Foe. \'bdLeft
this strait astern.\'b8 Drake.
To bake astern, to go stern foremost. --
To be astern of the reckoning, to be behind the
position given by the reckoning. -- To drop
astern, to fall or be left behind. -- To go
astern, to go backward, as from the action of currents
or winds.
A*ster"nal (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + sternal.] (Anat.)
Not sternal; -- said of ribs which do not join the
sternum.
As"ter*oid (#), n. [Gr. /
starlike, starry; / star + / form: cf. F.
ast\'82ro\'8bde. See Aster.] A
starlike body; esp. one of the numerous small planets whose
orbits lie between those of Mars and Jupiter; -- called also
planetoids and minor
planets.
As`ter*oid"al (#), a. Of or
pertaining to an asteroid, or to the asteroids.
\'d8As`te*rol"e*pis (#), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / star + / scale.]
(Paleon.) A genus of fishes, some of which were
eighteen or twenty feet long, found in a fossil state in the Old
Red Sandstone.
Hugh Miller.
<-- p. 94 -->
As`ter*oph"yl*lite (#), n. [Gr.
/ star + / leaf.] (Paleon.) A fossil
plant from the coal formations of Europe and America, now
regarded as the branchlets and foliage of calamites.
A*stert (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + start; OE. asterten,
asturten.] To start up; to befall; to
escape; to shun. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*stert", v. i. To escape.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ \'d8As`the*ni"a (#), As"the*ny
(#), } n. [NL.
asthenia, Gr. /; / priv. + / strength.]
(Med.) Want or loss of strength; debility;
diminution of the vital forces.
As*then"ic (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / strength.] (Med.)
Characterized by, or pertaining to, debility; weak;
debilitating.
\'d8As`the*no"pi*a (#), n. [Gr.
/ priv. + / strength + / eye.] Weakness of
sight. Quain. --
As`the*nop"ic (#),
a.
Asth"ma (?; 277), n. [Gr. /
short-drawn breath, fr. / to blow, for /: cf. Skr.
v\'be, Goth. waian, to blow, E.
wind.] (Med.) A disease,
characterized by difficulty of breathing (due to a spasmodic
contraction of the bronchi), recurring at intervals, accompanied
with a wheezing sound, a sense of constriction in the chest, a
cough, and expectoration.
{ Asth*mat"ic (#), Asth*mat"ic*al
(#), } a. [L.
asthmaticus, Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
asthma; as, an asthmatic cough; liable to, or
suffering from, asthma; as, an asthmatic
patient. -- Asth*mat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Asth*mat"ic, n. A person affected with
asthma.
As`tig*mat"ic (#), a. (Med. &
Opt.) Affected with, or pertaining to, astigmatism;
as, astigmatic eyes; also, remedying
astigmatism; as, astigmatic lenses.
A*stig"ma*tism (#), n. [Gr. /
priv. + /, /, a prick of a pointed instrument, a spot, fr.
/ to prick: cf. F. astigmatisme.] (Med. &
Opt.) A defect of the eye or of a lens, in consequence
of which the rays derived from one point are not brought to a
single focal point, thus causing imperfect images or
indistictness of vision.
As*tip"u*late (#), v. i. [L.
astipulari; ad + stipulari to
stipulate.] To assent. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
As*tip`u*la"tion (#), n. [L.
astipulatio.] Stipulation; agreement.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
A*stir" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + stir.] Stirring; in a state
of activity or motion; out of bed.
{ A*stom"a*tous (#), As"to*mous
(#), } a. [Gr. / priv. + /,
/, mouth.] Not possessing a mouth.
{ As*ton" (#), As*tone"
(#), } v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Astoned, Astond, or
Astound.] [See
Astonish.] To stun; to astonish; to
stupefy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
As*ton"ied (#), p. p. Stunned;
astonished. See Astony. [Archaic]
And I astonied fell and could not pray.
Mrs. Browning.
As*ton"ish (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Astonished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Astonishing.] [OE. astonien,
astunian, astonen, OF. estoner,
F. \'82tonner, fr. L. ex out +
tonare to thunder, but perhaps influenced by E.
stun. See Thunder, Astound,
Astony.] 1. To stun; to render
senseless, as by a blow. [Obs.]
Enough, captain; you have astonished him. [Fluellen
had struck Pistol].
Shak.
The very cramp-fish [i. e., torpedo] . . . being
herself not benumbed, is able to astonish others.
Holland.
2. To strike with sudden fear, terror, or wonder;
to amaze; to surprise greatly, as with something unaccountable;
to confound with some sudden emotion or passion.
Musidorus . . . had his wits astonished with
sorrow.
Sidney.
I, Daniel . . . was astonished at the vision.
Dan. viii. 27.
Syn. -- To amaze; astound; overwhelm; surprise.
-- Astonished, Surprised. We are
surprised at what is unexpected. We are
astonished at what is above or beyond our
comprehension. We are taken by surprise. We are
struck with astonishment. C. J. Smith. See
Amaze.
As*ton"ish*ed*ly (#), adv. In
an astonished manner. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
As*ton"ish*ing, a. Very wonderful; of a
nature to excite astonishment; as, an astonishing
event.
Syn. -- Amazing; surprising; wonderful; marvelous.
As*ton"ish*ing*ly, adv. --
As*ton"ish*ing*ness, n.
As*ton"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf.
OF. est/nnement, F. \'82tonnement.]
1. The condition of one who is stunned. Hence:
Numbness; loss of sensation; stupor; loss of sense.
[Obs.]
A coldness and astonishment in his loins, as folk
say.
Holland.
2. Dismay; consternation.
[Archaic]
Spenser.
3. The overpowering emotion excited when something
unaccountable, wonderful, or dreadful is presented to the mind;
an intense degree of surprise; amazement.
Lest the place
And my quaint habits breed astonishment.
Milton.
4. The object causing such an emotion.
Thou shalt become an astonishment.
Deut. xxviii. 37.
Syn. -- Amazement; wonder; surprise.
As*ton"y (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Astonied
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Astonying. See
Astone.] To stun; to bewilder; to
astonish; to dismay. [Archaic]
The captain of the Helots . . . strake Palladius upon the side
of his head, that he reeled astonied.
Sir P. Sidney.
This sodeyn cas this man astonied so,
That reed he wex, abayst, and al quaking.
Chaucer.
A*stoop" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + stoop.] In a stooping or
inclined position.
Gay.
As*tound" (#), a. [OE.
astouned, astound, astoned, p.
p. of astone. See Astone.]
Stunned; astounded; astonished. [Archaic]
Spenser.
Thus Ellen, dizzy and astound.
As sudden ruin yawned around.
Sir W. Scott.
As*tound", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Astounded, [Obs.]
Astound; p. pr. & vb. n.
Astounding.] [See Astound,
a.] 1. To stun; to stupefy.
No puissant stroke his senses once astound.
Fairfax.
2. To astonish; to strike with amazement; to
confound with wonder, surprise, or fear.
These thoughts may startle well, but not astound
The virtuous mind.
Milton.
As*tound"ing, a. Of a nature to astound;
astonishing; amazing; as, an astounding force,
statement, or fact. --
As*tound"ing*ly, adv.
As*tound"ment (#), n.
Amazement.
Coleridge.
As`tra*chan" (#), a. & n. See
Astrakhan.
A*strad"dle (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + straddle.] In a straddling
position; astride; bestriding; as, to sit astraddle
a horse.
As*tr\'91"an (#), a. [Gr. /
starry.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the genus
Astr\'91a or the family
Astr\'91id\'91. -- n. A
coral of the family Astr\'91id\'91; a star
coral.
As"tra*gal (#), n. [L.
astragalus, Gr. / the ankle bone, a molding in the
capital of the Ionic column.] 1.
(Arch.) A convex molding of rounded surface,
generally from half to three quarters of a circle.
2. (Gun.) A round molding encircling a
cannon near the mouth.
As*trag"a*lar (#), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the astragalus.
As*trag"a*loid (#), a.
[Astragalus + -oid.]
(Anat.) Resembling the astragalus in form.
As*trag"a*lo*man`cy (#), n.
[Gr. / ankle bone, die + -mancy.]
Divination by means of small bones or dice.
\'d8As*trag"a*lus (#), n. [L.
See Astragal.] 1. (Anat.)
The ankle bone, or hock bone; the bone of the tarsus which
articulates with the tibia at the ankle.
2. (Bot.) A genus of papilionaceous
plants, of the tribe Galege\'91, containing numerous
species, two of which are called, in English, milk
vetch and licorice vetch. Gum tragacanth is
obtained from different oriental species, particularly the
A. gummifer and A. verus.
3. (Arch.) See Astragal,
1.
As`tra*khan" (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Astrakhan in Russia or its products; made of an
Astrakhan skin. -- n. The skin of
stillborn or young lambs of that region, the curled wool of which
resembles fur.
As"tral (#), a. [L.
astralis, fr. astrum star, Gr. /: cf. F.
astral. See Star.] Pertaining to,
coming from, or resembling, the stars; starry; starlike.
Shines only with an astral luster.
I. Taylor.
Some astral forms I must invoke by prayer.
Dryden.
Astral lamp, an Argand lamp so constructed
that no shadow is cast upon the table by the flattened
ring-shaped reservoir in which the oil is contained. --
Astral spirits, spirits formerly supposed to live
in the heavenly bodies or the a\'89rial regions, and represented
in the Middle Ages as fallen angels, spirits of the dead, or
spirits originating in fire.
A*strand" (#), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + strand.] Stranded.
Sir W. Scott.
A*stray" (#), adv. & a. [See
Estray, Stray.] Out of the right,
either in a literal or in a figurative sense; wandering; as,
to lead one astray.
Ye were as sheep going astray.
1 Pet. ii. 25.
As*trict" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Astricted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Astricting.] [L.
astrictus, p. p. of astringere. See
Astringe.] 1. To bind up; to
confine; to constrict; to contract.
The solid parts were to be relaxed or
astricted.
Arbuthnot.
2. To bind; to constrain; to restrict; to
limit. [R.]
The mind is astricted to certain necessary modes or
forms of thought.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. (Scots Law) To restrict the tenure
of; as, to astrict lands. See
Astriction, 4.
Burrill.
As*trict", a. Concise; contracted.
[Obs.]
Weever.
As*tric"tion (#), n. [L.
astrictio.] 1. The act of binding;
restriction; also, obligation.
Milton.
2. (Med.) (a) A contraction of
parts by applications; the action of an astringent substance on
the animal economy. Dunglison. (b)
Constipation.
Arbuthnot.
3. Astringency. [Obs.]
Bacon.
4. (Scots Law) An obligation to have the
grain growing on certain lands ground at a certain mill, the
owner paying a toll.
Bell.
astricted to
the mill.
As*tric"tive (#), a. Binding;
astringent. -- n. An
astringent. -- As*tric"tive*ly,
adv.
As*tric"to*ry (#), a.
Astrictive. [R.]
A*stride" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + stride.] With one leg on
each side, as a man when on horseback; with the legs stretched
wide apart; astraddle.
Placed astride upon the bars of the palisade.
Sir W. Scott.
Glasses with horn bows sat astride on his nose.
Longfellow.
As*trif"er*ous (#), a. [L.
astrifer; astrum star + ferre to
bear.] Bearing stars. [R.]
Blount.
As*tringe" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Astringed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Astringing
(#).] [L. astringere;
ad + stringere to draw tight. Cf. Astrict,
and see Strain, v. t.] 1.
To bind fast; to constrict; to contract; to cause parts to
draw together; to compress.
Which contraction . . . astringeth the moistu//
/ br// and thereby sendeth tears into the eyes.
Bacon.
2. To bind by moral or legal obligation.
Wolsey.
As*trin"gen*cy (#), n. The
quality of being astringent; the power of contracting the parts
of the body; that quality in medicines or other substances which
causes contraction of the organic textures; as, the
astringency of tannin.
As*trin"gent (#), a. [L.
astringens, p. pr. of astringere: cf. F.
astringent. See Astringe.] 1.
Drawing together the tissues; binding; contracting; --
opposed to laxative; as, astringent
medicines; a butter and astringent taste;
astringent fruit.
2. Stern; austere; as, an astringent
type of virtue.
As*trin"gent, n. A medicine or other
substance that produces contraction in the soft organic textures,
and checks discharges of blood, mucus, etc.
External astringents are called styptics.
Dunglison.
As*trin"gent*ly, adv. In an astringent
manner.
As*trin"ger (#), n. [OE.
ostreger, OF. ostrucier, F.
autoursier, fr. OF. austour,
ostor, hawk, F. autour; cf. L.
acceptor, for accipiter, hawk.]
A falconer who keeps a goschawk. [Obs.]
Shak. Cowell. [Written also
austringer.]
As"tro- (#). The combining form of the
Greek word 'a`stron, meaning star.
{ As"tro*fel, As"tro*fell }
(#), n. A bitter herb, probably the same
as aster, or starwort.
Spenser.
As*trog"e*ny (#), n.
[Astro- + Gr. / birth.] The creation
or evolution of the stars or the heavens.
H. Spencer.
As*trog"no*sy (#), n.
[Astro- + Gr. / knowledge.] The
science or knowledge of the stars, esp. the fixed stars.
Bouvier.
As*trog"o*ny (#), n. Same as
Astrogeny. -- As`*tro*gon"ic
(#), a.
As*trog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Astro'cf + -graphy.] The
art of describing or delineating the stars; a description or
mapping of the heavens.
As"tro*ite (#), n. [L.
astroites: cf. F. astroite.] A
radiated stone or fossil; star-stone. [Obs.]
[Written also astrite and
astrion.]
As"tro*labe (#), n. [OE.
astrolabie, astrilabe, OF.
astrelabe, F. astrolabe, LL.
astrolabium, fr. Gr. /; / star + /, /, to
take.] 1. (Astron.) An instrument
for observing or showing the positions of the stars. It is now
disused.
2. A stereographic projection of the sphere on the
plane of a great circle, as the equator, or a meridian; a
planisphere.
Whewell.
As*trol"a*ter (#), n. A
worshiper of the stars.
Morley.
As*trol"a*try (#), n.
[Astro- + Gr. / service, worship: cf. F.
astrol\'83trie.] The worship of the
stars.
As`tro*li*thol"o*gy (#), n.
[Astro- + lithology.] The
science of a\'89rolites.
As*trol"o*ger (#), n. [See
Astrology.] 1. One who studies the
stars; an astronomer. [Obs.]
2. One who practices astrology; one who professes
to foretell events by the aspects and situation of the
stars.
As`tro*lo"gi*an (#), n. [OF.
astrologien.] An astrologer.
[Obs.]
{ As`tro*log"ic (#),
As`tro*log"ic*al (#), } a.
[Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to astrology;
professing or practicing astrology.
\'bdAstrologi/ learning.\'b8 Hudibras.
\'bdAstrological prognostication.\'b8
Cudworth. -- As`tro*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
As*trol"o*gize (#), v. t. & i.
To apply astrology to; to study or practice astrology.
As*trol"o*gy (#), n. [F.
astrologie, L. astrologia, fr. Gr. /, fr.
/ astronomer, astrologer; / star + / discourse, / to
speak. See Star.] In its etymological
signification, the science of the stars; among the ancients,
synonymous with astronomy; subsequently, the art of
judging of the influences of the stars upon human affairs, and of
foretelling events by their position and aspects.
Astrology was much in vogue during the
Middle Ages, and became the parent of modern astronomy, as
alchemy did of chemistry. It was divided into two kinds:
judicial astrology, which assumed to foretell the fate
and acts of nations and individuals, and natural
astrology, which undertook to predict events of inanimate
nature, such as changes of the weather, etc.
As`tro*man"tic (#), a. [Gr. /
astrology.] Of or pertaining to divination by means of
the stars; astrologic. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[Astro- + meteorology.] The
investigation of the relation between the sun, moon, and stars,
and the weather. --
As`*tro*me`te*or`o*log"ic*al (#),
a. -- As`tro*me`te*or*ol"o*gist (#),
n.
As*trom"e*ter (#), n.
[Astro- + meter.] An
instrument for comparing the relative amount of the light of
stars.
As*trom"e*try (#), n.
[Astro- + metry.] The art
of making measurements among the stars, or of determining their
relative magnitudes.
As*tron"o*mer (#), n. [See
Astronomy.] 1. An astrologer.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. One who is versed in astronomy; one who has a
knowledge of the laws of the heavenly orbs, or the principles by
which their motions are regulated, with their various
phenomena.
An undevout astronomer is mad.
Young.
As`tro*no"mi*an (#), n. [OE. &
OF. astronomien. See Astronomy.]
An astrologer. [Obs.]
As`tro*nom"ic (#), a.
Astronomical.
<-- p. 95 -->
As`tro*nom"ic*al (#), a. [L.
astronomicus, Gr. /: cf. F.
astronomique.] Of or pertaining to
astronomy; in accordance with the methods or principles of
astronomy. -- As`tro*nom"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Astronomical clock. See under
Clock. -- Astronomical day. See
under Day. -- Astronomical
fractions, Astronomical numbers. See
under Sexagesimal.
As*tron"o*mize, v. i. [Gr. /.]
To study or to talk astronomy. [R.]
They astronomized in caves.
Sir T. Browne.
As*tron"o*my (#), n. [OE.
astronomie, F. astronomie, L.
astronomia, fr. Gr. /, fr. / astronomer; / star
+ / to distribute, regulate. See Star, and
Nomad.] 1. Astrology.
[Obs.]
Not from the stars do I my judgment pluck;
And yet methinks I have astronomy.
Shak.
2. The science which treats of the celestial
bodies, of their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of
revolution, eclipses, constitution, physical condition, and of
the causes of their various phenomena.
3. A treatise on, or text-book of, the
science.
Physical astronomy. See under
Physical.
As"tro*phel (#), n. See
Astrofel. [Obs.]
As`tro*pho*tog"ra*phy (#), n.
[Astro- + photography.] The
application of photography to the delineation of the sun, moon,
and stars.
As`tro*phys"ic*al (#), a.
Pertaining to the physics of astronomical science.
\'d8As*troph"y*ton (#), n.
[Astro- + Gr. fyton a plant.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of ophiurans having the arms
much branched.
As"tro*scope (#), n.
[Astro- + scope.] An old
astronomical instrument, formed of two cones, on whose surface
the constellations were delineated.
As*tros"co*py (#), n.
Observation of the stars. [Obs.]
As`tro*the*ol"*o*gy (#), n.
[Astro- + theology.]
Theology founded on observation or knowledge of the
celestial bodies.
Derham.
A*struc"tive (#), a. [L.
astructus, p. p. of astruere to build up;
ad + struere to build.] Building up;
constructive; -- opposed to destructive.
[Obs.]
A*strut" (#), a. & adv. 1.
Sticking out, or puffed out; swelling; in a swelling
manner. [Archaic]
Inflated and astrut with self-conceit.
Cowper.
2. In a strutting manner; with a strutting
gait.
As*tu"cious (#), a. [F.
astucieux. See Astute.] Subtle;
cunning; astute. [R.] Sir W. Scott.
-- As*tu"cious*ly,
adv. [R.]
As*tu"ci*ty (#), n. [See
Astucious.] Craftiness; astuteness.
[R.]
Carlyle.
A*stun" (#), v. t. [See
Astony, Stun.] To stun.
[Obs.] \'bdBreathless and astunned.\'b8
Somerville.
As*tu"ri*an (#), a. Of or
pertaining to Asturias in Spain. -- n.
A native of Asturias.
As*tute" (#), a. [L.
astutus, fr. astus craft, cunning; perh.
cognate with E. acute.] Critically
discerning; sagacious; shrewd; subtle; crafty.
Syn. -- Keen; eagle-eyed; penetrating; skilled;
discriminating; cunning; sagacious; subtle; wily; crafty.
As*tute"ly, adv. --
As*tute"ness, n.
A*sty"lar (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / pillar.] (arch.) Without
columns or pilasters.
Weale.
A*styl"len (#), n.
(Mining) A small dam to prevent free passage of
water in an adit or level.
A*sun"der (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + sunder.] Apart; separate
from each other; into parts; in two; separately; into or in
different pieces or places.
I took my staff, even Beauty, and cut it
asunder.
Zech. xi. 10.
As wide asunder as pole and pole.
Froude.
\'d8A*su"ra (#), n. (Hind.
Myth.) An enemy of the gods, esp. one of a race of
demons and giants.
\'d8As"wail (#), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The sloth bear
(Melursus labiatus) of India.
A*sweve" (#), v. t. [AS.
aswebban; a + swebban. See
Sweven.] To stupefy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*swing" (#), adv. In a state
of swinging.
A*swoon" (#), adv. In a
swoon.
Chaucer.
A*swooned" (#), adv. In a
swoon.
A*sy"lum (#), n.; pl. E.
Asylums (#), L. Asyla
(#). [L. asylum, Gr. /, fr. /
exempt from spoliation, inviolable; / priv. + / right of
seizure.] 1. A sanctuary or place of refuge
and protection, where criminals and debtors found shelter, and
from which they could not be forcibly taken without
sacrilege.
So sacred was the church to some, that it had the right of an
asylum or sanctuary.
Ayliffe.
2. Any place of retreat and security.
Earth has no other asylum for them than its own
cold bosom.
Southey.
3. An institution for the protection or relief of
some class of destitute, unfortunate, or afflicted persons;
as, an asylum for the aged, for the blind, or for
the insane; a lunatic asylum; an orphan
asylum.
A*sym"me*tral (#), a.
Incommensurable; also, unsymmetrical.
[Obs.]
D. H. More.
{ As`ym*met"ric (#),
As`ym*met"ri*cal (#), } a.
[See Asymmetrous.] 1.
Incommensurable. [Obs.]
2. Not symmetrical; wanting proportion; esp., not
bilaterally symmetrical.
Huxley.
A*sym"me*trous (#), a. [Gr.
/.] Asymmetrical. [Obs.]
Barrow.
A*sym"me*try (#), n. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / symmetry.] 1. Want of
symmetry, or proportion between the parts of a thing, esp. want
of bilateral symmetry.
2. (Math.) Incommensurability.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
As"ymp*tote (?; 215), n. [Gr.
/ not falling together; / priv. + / to fall together; /
with + / to fall. Cf. Symptom.]
(Math.) A line which approaches nearer to some
curve than assignable distance, but, though infinitely extended,
would never meet it. Asymptotes may be straight lines or curves.
A rectilinear asymptote may be conceived as a tangent to the
curve at an infinite distance.
A*syn"ar*tete` (#), a. [Gr. /
not united, disconnected; / priv. + / with + / to fasten
to.] Disconnected; not fitted or adjusted. --
A*syn"ar*tet"ic (#),
a.
Asynartete verse (Pros.), a verse
of two members, having different rhythms; as when the first
consists of iambuses and the second of trochees.
As`yn*det"ic (#), a. [See
Asyndeton.] Characterized by the use of
asyndeton; not connected by conjunctions. --
As`yn*det"ic*al*ly,
adv.
A*syn"de*ton (#), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /, fr. / unconnected; / priv. + / bound together, fr.
/; / with + / to bind.] (Rhet.) A
figure which omits the connective; as, I came, I saw, I
conquered. It stands opposed to
polysyndeton.
A*sys"to*le (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + systole.]
(Physiol.) A weakening or cessation of the
contractile power of the heart.
A*sys"to*lism (#), n. The state
or symptoms characteristic of asystole.
At (#), prep. [AS.
\'91t; akin to OHG. az, Goth., OS., & Icel.
at, Sw. \'86t, Dan. & L.
ad.] Primarily, this word expresses the
relations of presence, nearness in place or
time, or direction toward; as, at
the ninth hour; at the house; to aim at a mark.
It is less definite than in or on; at
the house may be in or near the house. From
this original import are derived all the various uses of
at. It expresses: -
1. A relation of proximity to, or of presence in or
on, something; as, at the door; at your
shop; at home; at school; at hand;
at sea and on land.
2. The relation of some state or condition; as,
at war; at peace; at ease; at
your service; at fault; at liberty; at
risk; at disadvantage.
3. The relation of some employment or action;
occupied with; as, at engraving; at
husbandry; at play; at work; at meat
(eating); except at puns.
4. The relation of a point or position in a series,
or of degree, rate, or value; as, with the thermometer
at 80at a cheap price; a
country estimated at 10,000 square miles; life is short
at the longest.
5. The relations of time, age, or order; as,
at ten o'clock; at twenty-one; at
once; at first.
6. The relations of source, occasion, reason,
consequence, or effect; as, at the sight;
at this news; merry at anything; at
this declaration; at his command; to demand, require,
receive, deserve, endure at your hands.
7. Relation of direction toward an object or end;
as, look at it; to point at one; to aim
at a mark; to throw, strike, shoot, wink, mock, laugh
at any one.
At all, At home, At
large, At last, At length, At
once, etc. See under All,
Home, Large, Last (phrase and syn.),
Length, Once, etc. -- At it,
busily or actively engaged. -- At least.
See Least and However. -- At
one. See At one, in the Vocabulary.
Syn. -- In, At. When
reference to the interior of any place is made
prominent in is used. It is used before the names of
countries and cities (esp. large cities); as, we live
in America, in New York, in the
South. At is commonly employed before names of houses,
institutions, villages, and small places; as, Milton was educated
at Christ's College; money taken in at the
Customhouse; I saw him at the jeweler's; we live
at Beachville. At may be used before the
name of a city when it is regarded as a mere point of locality.
\'bdAn English king was crowned at Paris.\'b8
Macaulay. \'bdJean Jacques Rousseau was born
at Geneva, June, 28, 1712.\'b8 J. Morley. In
regard to time, we say at the hour, on the
day, in the year; as, at 9 o'clock,
on the morning of July 5th, in the year
1775.
At"a*bal (#), n. [Sp.
atabal, fr. Ar. at-tabl the
drum, tabala to beat the drum. Cf.
Tymbal.] A kettledrum; a kind of tabor, used
by the Moors. Croly.
A*tac"a*mite (#), n. [From the
desert of Atacama, where found.]
(Min.) An oxychloride of copper, usually in
emerald-green prismatic crystals.
At`aft"er (#), prep.
After. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
At"a*ghan (#), n. See
Yataghan.
A*take" (#), v. t. To
overtake. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
At"a*man (#), n. [Russ.
ataman': cf. Pol. hetman, G.
hauptmann headman, chieftain. Cf.
Hetman.] A hetman, or chief of the
Cossacks.
{ \'d8At`a*rax"i*a (#),
At"a*rax`y (#), } n. [NL.
ataraxia, Gr. /; / priv. + / disturbed, / to
disturb.] Perfect peace of mind, or calmness.
{ A*taunt" (#), A*taunt"o
(#), } adv. [F. autant
as much (as possible).] (Naut.) Fully
rigged, as a vessel; with all sails set; set on end or set
right.
A*tav"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
atavique.] Pertaining to a remote ancestor,
or to atavism.
At"a*vism (#), n. [L.
atavus an ancestor, fr. avus a
grandfather.] (a) The recurrence, or a
tendency to a recurrence, of the original type of a species in
the progeny of its varieties; resemblance to remote rather than
to near ancestors; reversion to the original form.
(b) (Biol.) The recurrence of any
peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a subsequent generation,
after an intermission for a generation or two.
Now and then there occur cases of what physiologists call
atavism, or reversion to an ancestral type of
character.
J. Fiske
{ \'d8A*tax"i*a (#), At"ax*y
(#), } n. [NL. ataxia,
Gr. /, fr. / out of order; / priv. + / ordered, arranged,
/ to put in order: cf. F. ataxie.] 1.
Disorder; irregularity. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. (Med.) (a) Irregularity in
disease, or in the functions. (b) The state
of disorder that characterizes nervous fevers and the nervous
condition.
Locomotor ataxia. See
Locomotor.
A*tax"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
ataxique. See Ataxia.]
(Med.) Characterized by ataxy, that is,
(a) by great irregularity of functions or symptoms, or
(b) by a want of coordinating power in movements.
Ataxic fever, malignant typhus
fever.
Pinel.
At`a*zir" (#), n. [OF., fr. Ar.
al-tas\'c6r influence.]
(Astron.) The influence of a star upon other
stars or upon men. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ate (?; 277), the preterit of
Eat.
A"te (#), n. [Gr. /.]
(Greek. Myth.) The goddess of mischievous folly;
also, in later poets, the goddess of vengeance.
-ate (#). [From the L. suffix
-atus, the past participle ending of verbs of the 1st
conj.] 1. As an ending of participles or
participial adjectives it is equivalent to -ed;
as, situate or situated; animate or
animated.
2. As the ending of a verb, it means to
make, to cause, to act, etc.; as,
to propitiate (to make propitious); to animate
(to give life to).
3. As a noun suffix, it marks the agent; as,
curate, delegate. It also sometimes marks
the office or dignity; as, tribunate.
4. In chemistry it is used to denote the salts
formed from those acids whose names end -ic (excepting
binary or halogen acids); as, sulphate from
sulphuric acid, nitrate from nitric
acid, etc. It is also used in the case of certain basic
salts.
A*tech"nic (#), a. [Pref.
a- not + technic.] Without
technical or artistic knowledge.
Difficult to convey to the atechnic reader.
Etching & Engr.
\'d8At"e*les (#), n. [Gr. /
incomplete; / priv. + / completion.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of American monkeys with
prehensile tails, and having the thumb wanting or rudimentary.
See Spider monkey, and Coaita.
\'d8A`te*lier" (#) n.
[F.] A workshop; a studio.
A*tel"lan (#), a. [L.
Atellanus, fr. Atella, an ancient town of
the Osci, in Campania.] Of or pertaining to Atella, in
ancient Italy; as, Atellan plays; farcical;
ribald. -- n. A farcical drama
performed at Atella.
A*thal"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / nuptial bed.] (Bot.) Not
furnished with shields or beds for the spores, as the thallus of
certain lichens.
Ath"a*maunt (#), n.
Adamant. [Obs.]
Written in the table of athamaunt.
Chaucer.
Ath`a*na"sian (?; 277), a. Of
or pertaining to Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria in the 4th
century.
Athanasian creed, a formulary, confession, or
exposition of faith, formerly supposed to have been drawn up by
Athanasius; but this opinion is now rejected, and the composition
is ascribed by some to Hilary, bishop of Arles (5th century). It
is a summary of what was called the orthodox faith.
Ath"a*nor (#), n. [F., fr. Ar.
at-tann\'d4r, fr. Heb. tann\'d4r an oven or
furnace.] A digesting furnace, formerly used by
alchemists. It was so constructed as to maintain uniform and
durable heat.
Chambers.
\'d8Ath`e*ca"ta (#), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / priv. + / chest, box.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Hydroidea in which the
zooids are naked, or not inclosed in a capsule. See
Tubularian.
A"the*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
ath\'82isme. See Atheist.] 1.
The disbelief or denial of the existence of a God, or
supreme intelligent Being.
Atheism is a ferocious system, that leaves nothing
above us to excite awe, nor around us to awaken tenderness.
R. Hall.
Atheism and pantheism are often wrongly
confounded.
Shipley.
2. Godlessness.
A"the*ist, n. [Gr. / without god; /
priv. + / god: cf. F. ath\'82iste.]
1. One who disbelieves or denies the existence of a
God, or supreme intelligent Being.
2. A godless person. [Obs.]
Syn. -- Infidel; unbeliever.
See Infidel.
{ A`the*is"tic (#),
A`the*is"tic*al (#), } a.
1. Pertaining to, implying, or containing, atheism;
-- applied to things; as, atheistic doctrines,
opinions, or books.
Atheistical explications of natural effects.
Barrow.
2. Disbelieving the existence of a God; impious;
godless; -- applied to persons; as, an atheistic
writer. -- A`the*is"tic*al*ly,
adv. -- A`the*is"tic*al*ness,
n.
A"the*ize (#), v. t. To render
atheistic or godless. [R.]
They endeavored to atheize one another.
Berkeley.
A"the*ize, v. i. To discourse, argue, or
act as an atheist. [R.] --
A"the*i`zer (#),
n.
Cudworth.
<-- p. 96 -->
Ath"el*ing (#), n. [AS.
\'91/eling noble, fr. \'91/ele noble,
akin to G. adel nobility, edel noble. The
word \'91/el, E. ethel, is in many AS.
proper names, as Ethelwolf, noble wolf;
Ethelbald, noble bold; Ethelbert, noble
bright.] An Anglo-Saxon prince or nobleman; esp., the
heir apparent or a prince of the royal family.
[Written also Adeling and
\'92theling.]
Ath`e*ne"um, Ath`e*n\'91"um
(#), n.; pl. E.
Atheneums (#), L. Athen\'91a
(#). [L. Athenaemum, Gr. / a
temple of Minerva at Athens, fr. /, contr. fr. /, /, in
Homer /, /, Athene (called Minerva by the Romans),
the tutelary goddess of Athens.] 1 (Gr.
Antiq.) A temple of Athene, at Athens, in which
scholars and poets were accustomed to read their works and
instruct students.
2. A school founded at Rome by Hadrian.
3. A literary or scientific association or
club.
4. A building or an apartment where a library,
periodicals, and newspapers are kept for use.
A*the"ni*an (#), a. [Cf. F.
Ath\'82nien.] Of or pertaining to Athens,
the metropolis of Greece. -- n. A native or citizen of
Athens.
A`the*o*log"ic*al (#), a.
Opposed to theology; atheistic.
Bp. Montagu.
A`the*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Pref.
a- not + theology.] Antagonism
to theology.
Swift.
A"the*ous (#), a. [Gr. /
without God. See Atheist.] 1.
Atheistic; impious. [Obs.]
Milton.
2. Without God, neither accepting nor denying
him.
I should say science was atheous, and therefore
could not be atheistic.
Bp. of Carlisle.
Ath"er*ine (#), n. [NL.
atherina, fr. Gr. / a kind of smelt.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish of the family
Atherinid\'91, having a silvery stripe along the
sides. The European species (Atherina presbyter) is
used as food. The American species (Menidia notata) is
called silversides and sand smelt. See
Silversides.
A*ther"man*cy (#), n. [See
Athermanous.] Inability to transmit radiant;
impermeability to heat.
Tyndall.
A*ther"ma*nous (#), a. [Gr. /
priv. + / to heat, / heat: cf. F.
athermane.] (Chem.) Not
transmitting heat; -- opposed to diathermanous.
A*ther"mous (#), a.
(Chem.) Athermanous.
Ath"er*oid (#), a. [Gr. /,
/, a beard, or an ear, of grain + -oid.]
Shaped like an ear of grain.
\'d8Ath`e*ro"ma (#), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, /, fr. / gr/ats, meal.]
(Med.) (a) An encysted tumor containing
curdy matter. (b) A disease characterized by
thickening and fatty degeneration of the inner coat of the
arteries.
Ath`e*rom"a*tous (#), a.
(Med.) Of, pertaining to, or having the nature
of, atheroma.
Wiseman.
\'d8Ath`e*to"sis (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / not fixed; / priv. + / to set.]
(Med.) A variety of chorea, marked by peculiar
tremors of the fingers and toes.
A*think" (#), v. t. To repent;
to displease; to disgust. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*thirst" (#), a. [OE.
ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of
ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive +
pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
1. Wanting drink; thirsty.
2. Having a keen appetite or desire; eager;
longing. \'bdAthirst for battle.\'b8
Cowper.
Ath"lete (#), n. [L.
athleta, Gr. / prizefighter, fr. / to contend for
a prize, /, Hom. /, contest, / prize; fr. the same root as
E. wed: cf. F. athl\'8ate.]
1. (Antiq.) One who contended for a
prize in the public games of ancient Greece or Rome.
2. Any one trained to contend in exercises
requiring great physical agility and strength; one who has great
activity and strength; a champion.
3. One fitted for, or skilled in, intellectual
contests; as, athletes of debate.
Ath`let"ic (#), a. [L.
athleticus, Gr. /. See Athlete.]
1. Of or pertaining to athletes or to the exercises
practiced by them; as, athletic games or
sports.
2. Befitting an athlete; strong; muscular; robust;
vigorous; as, athletic Celts.
\'bdAthletic soundness.\'b8 South. --
Ath*let"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
Ath*let"i*cism (#), n. The
practice of engaging in athletic games; athletism.
Ath*let"ics (#), n. The art of
training by athletic exercises; the games and sports of
athletes.
Ath"le*tism (#), n. The state
or practice of an athlete; the characteristics of an
athlete.
A*thwart" (#), prep. [Pref.
a- + thwart.] 1.
Across; from side to side of.
Athwart the thicket lone.
Tennyson.
2. (Naut.) Across the direction or
course of; as, a fleet standing athwart our
course.
Athwart hawse, across the stem of another
vessel, whether in contact or at a small distance. --
Athwart ships, across the ship from side to side,
or in that direction; -- opposed to fore and
aft.
A*thwart", adv. 1. Across, especially in
an oblique direction; sidewise; obliquely.
Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him
straight.
Spenser.
2. Across the course; so as to thwart;
perversely.
All athwart there came
A post from Wales loaden with heavy news.
Shak.
A*tilt" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + tilt.] 1. In the
manner of a tilter; in the position, or with the action, of one
making a thrust. \'bdTo run atilt at men.\'b8
Hudibras.
2. In the position of a cask tilted, or with one
end raised. [In this sense sometimes used as an
adjective.]
Abroach, atilt, and run
Even to the lees of honor.
Beau. & Fl.
At"i*my (#), n. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / honor.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public
disgrace or stigma; infamy; loss of civil rights.
Mitford.
-a"tion (#). [L. -ationem. See
-tion.] A suffix forming nouns of
action, and often equivalent to the verbal substantive
in -ing. It sometimes has the further meanings of
state, and that which results from the
action. Many of these nouns have verbs in -ate;
as, alliterate -ation, narrate
-ation; many are derived through the French;
as, alteration, visitation; and
many are formed on verbs ending in the Greek formative
-ize (Fr. -ise); as,
civilization, demoralization.
A-tip"toe (#), adv. On tiptoe;
eagerly expecting.
We all feel a-tiptoe with hope and
confidence.
F. Harrison.
\'d8At*lan"ta (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. /.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small
glassy heteropod mollusks found swimming at the surface in mid
ocean. See Heteropod.
At*lan"tal (#), a.
(Anat.) (a) Relating to the atlas.
(b) Anterior; cephalic.
Barclay.
At`lan*te"an (#), a. [L.
Atlant/us.] 1. Of or pertaining
to the isle Atlantis, which the ancients allege was sunk, and
overwhelmed by the ocean.
2. Pertaining to, or resembling, Atlas;
strong.
With Atlantean shoulders, fit to bear
The weight of mightiest monarchies.
Milton.
\'d8At*lan"tes (#), n. pl. [L.,
fr. Gr. /, pl. of /. See Atlas.]
(Arch.) Figures or half figures of men, used as
columns to support an entablature; -- called also
telamones. See Caryatides.
Oxf. Gloss.
At*lan"tic (#), a. [L.
Atlanticus, fr. Atlas. See Atlas
and Atlantes.] 1. Of or pertaining
to Mt. Atlas in Libya, and hence applied to the ocean which lies
between Europe and Africa on the east and America on the west;
as, the Atlantic Ocean (called also the
Atlantic); the Atlantic basin; the
Atlantic telegraph.
2. Of or pertaining to the isle of Atlantis.
3. Descended from Atlas.
The seven Atlantic sisters.
Milton.
\'d8At*lan"ti*des (#), n. pl.
[L. See Atlantes.] The Pleiades or seven
stars, fabled to have been the daughters of Atlas.
At"las (#), n.; pl.
Atlases (#). [L. Atlas,
-antis, Gr. /, /, one of the older family of gods,
who bears up the pillars of heaven; also Mt. Atlas, in
W. Africa, regarded as the pillar of heaven. It is from the root
of / to bear. See Tolerate.] 1.
One who sustains a great burden.
2. (Anat.) The first vertebra of the
neck, articulating immediately with the skull, thus sustaining
the globe of the head, whence the name.
3. A collection of maps in a volume; --
supposed to be so called from a picture of Atlas supporting
the world, prefixed to some collections. This name is said to
have been first used by Mercator, the celebrated geographer, in
the 16th century.
4. A volume of plates illustrating any
subject.
5. A work in which subjects are exhibited in a
tabular from or arrangement; as, an historical
atlas.
6. A large, square folio, resembling a volume of
maps; -- called also atlas folio.
7. A drawing paper of large size. See under
Paper, n.
Atlas powder, a nitroglycerin blasting
compound of pasty consistency and great explosive
power.
At"las, n. [Ar., smooth.] A
rich kind of satin manufactured in India.
Brande & C.
At`mi*dom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr.
/, /, smoke, vapor + -meter; cf. F.
atmidom\'8atre.] An instrument for
measuring the evaporation from water, ice, or snow.
Brande & C.
At"mo (#), n. [Contr. fr.
atmosphere.] (Physics) The
standard atmospheric pressure used in certain physical
measurements calculations; conventionally, that pressure under
which the barometer stands at 760 millimeters, at a temperature
of 0
Sir W. Thomson.
{ At`mo*log"ic (#),
At`mo*log"ic*al (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to atmology.
\'bdAtmological laws of heat.\'b8
Whewell.
At*mol"o*gist (#), n. One who
is versed in atmology.
At*mol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. /
vapor + -logy.] (Physics) That
branch of science which treats of the laws and phenomena of
aqueous vapor.
Whewell.
At*mol"y*sis (#), n. [Gr. /
vapor + / a loosing, / to loose.] (Chem.)
The act or process of separating mingled gases of unequal
diffusibility by transmission through porous substances.
At`mol*y*za"tion, n. (Chem.)
Separation by atmolysis.
At"mo*lyze (#), v. t.
(Chem.) To subject to atmolysis; to separate by
atmolysis.
At"mo*ly`zer (#), n.
(Chem.) An apparatus for effecting
atmolysis.
At*mom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. /
smoke, vapor + -meter: cf. F.
atmom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
the rate of evaporation from a moist surface; an
evaporometer.
Huxley.
At"mos*phere (#), n. [Gr. /
vapor (akin to Skr. \'betman breath, soul, G.
athem breath) + / sphere: cf. F.
atmosph\'8are. See Sphere.] 1.
(Physics) (a) The whole mass of
a\'89riform fluid surrounding the earth; -- applied also to the
gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the
atmosphere of Mars. (b) Any
gaseous envelope or medium.
An atmosphere of cold oxygen.
Miller.
2. A supposed medium around various bodies; as,
electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to
surround electrical bodies.
Franklin.
3. The pressure or weight of the air at the sea
level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 Ibs. to the sq.
inch.
Hydrogen was liquefied under a pressure of 650
atmospheres.
Lubbock.
4. Any surrounding or pervading influence or
condition.
The chillest of social atmospheres.
Hawthorne.
5. The portion of air in any locality, or affected
by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the
atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious
atmosphere.
{ At`mos*pher"ic (#),
At`mos*pher"ic*al (#), } a.
[Cf. F. atmosph\'82rique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the atmosphere; of the nature of, or
resembling, the atmosphere; as, atmospheric air; the
atmospheric envelope of the earth.
2. Existing in the atmosphere.
The lower atmospheric current.
Darwin.
3. Caused, or operated on, by the atmosphere;
as, an atmospheric effect; an atmospheric
engine.
4. Dependent on the atmosphere.
[R.]
In am so atmospherical a creature.
Pope.
Atmospheric engine, a steam engine whose
piston descends by the pressure of the atmosphere, when the steam
which raised it is condensed within the cylinder.
Tomlinson. -- Atmospheric line (Steam
Engin.), the equilibrium line of an indicator card.
Steam is expanded \'bddown to the atmosphere\'b8 when its
pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. (See Indicator
card.) -- Atmospheric pressure, the
pressure exerted by the atmosphere, not merely downwards, but in
every direction. In amounts to about 14.7 Ibs. on each square
inch. -- Atmospheric railway, one in which
pneumatic power, obtained from compressed air or the creation of
a vacuum, is the propelling force. -- Atmospheric
tides. See under Tide.
At`mos*pher"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
In relation to the atmosphere.
At`mos*phe*rol"o*gy (#), n.
[Atmosphere + -logy.] The
science or a treatise on the atmosphere.
At"o*kous (#), a. [Gr. /
barren; / priv. + / offspring.] (Zo\'94l.)
Producing only asexual individuals, as the eggs of certain
annelids.
A*toll" (#), n. [The native
name in the Indian Ocean.] A coral island or islands,
consisting of a belt of coral reef, partly submerged, surrounding
a central lagoon or depression; a lagoon island.
At"om (#), n. [L.
atomus, Gr. /, uncut, indivisible; / priv. + /,
verbal adj. of / to cut: cf. F. atome. See
Tome.] 1. (Physics)
(a) An ultimate indivisible particle of
matter. (b) An ultimate particle of matter
not necessarily indivisible; a molecule. (c)
A constituent particle of matter, or a molecule supposed to
be made up of subordinate particles.
molecules.
Dana.
2. (Chem.) The smallest particle of
matter that can enter into combination; one of the elementary
constituents of a molecule.
3. Anything extremely small; a particle; a
whit.
There was not an atom of water.
Sir J. Ross.
At"om, v. t. To reduce to atoms.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
{ A*tom"ic (#), A*tom"ic*al
(#), } a. [Cf. F.
atomique.] 1. Of or pertaining to
atoms.
2. Extremely minute; tiny.
Atomic philosophy, or Doctrine of
atoms, a system which assuming that atoms are endued with
gravity and motion accounted thus for the origin and formation of
all things. This philosophy was first broached by Leucippus, was
developed by Democritus, and afterward improved by Epicurus, and
hence is sometimes denominated the Epicurean
philosophy. -- Atomic theory, or the
Doctrine of definite proportions (Chem.),
teaches that chemical combinations take place between the
supposed ultimate particles or atoms of bodies, in some
simple ratio, as of one to one, two to three, or some other,
always expressible in whole numbers. -- Atomic
weight (Chem.), the weight of the atom of an
element as compared with the weight of the atom of hydrogen,
taken as a standard.
A*tom"ic*al*ly, adv. In an atomic
manner; in accordance with the atomic philosophy.
At`o*mi"cian (#), n. An
atomist. [R.]
A*tom"i*cism (#), n.
Atomism. [Obs.]
At`o*mic"i*ty (#), n. [Cf. F.
atomicit\'82.] (Chem.) Degree of
atomic attraction; equivalence; valence; also (a later use) the
number of atoms in an elementary molecule. See
Valence.
At"om*ism (#), n. [Cf. F.
atomisme.] The doctrine of atoms. See
Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.
At"om*ist, n. [Cf. F.
atomiste.] One who holds to the atomic
philosophy or theory.
Locke.
At`om*is"tic (#), a. Of or
pertaining to atoms; relating to atomism. [R.]
It is the object of the mechanical atomistic
philosophy to confound synthesis with synartesis.
Coleridge.
At`om*i*za"tion, n. 1. The act
of reducing to atoms, or very minute particles; or the state of
being so reduced.
2. (Med.) The reduction of fluids into
fine spray.
At"om*ize, v. t. To reduce to atoms, or
to fine spray.
The liquids in the form of spray are said to be pulverized,
nebulized, or atomized.
Dunglison.
<-- p. 97 -->
At"om*i`zer, n. One who, or that which,
atomizes; esp., an instrument for reducing a liquid to spray for
disinfecting, cooling, or perfuming.
At`om*ol"o*gy (#), n.
[Atom + -logy.] The
doctrine of atoms.
Cudworth.
At"om*y (#), n. An atom; a
mite; a pigmy.
At"o*my (#), n. [For
anatomy, taken as an atomy.] A
skeleton. [Ludicrous]
Shak.
A*ton"a*ble (#), a. Admitting
an atonement; capable of being atoned for; expiable.
At one" (#). [OE. at on,
atone, atoon, attone.]
1. In concord or friendship; in agreement (with
each other); as, to be, bring, make, or set, at one,
i. e., to be or bring in or to a state of agreement or
reconciliation.
If gentil men, or othere of hir contree
Were wrothe, she wolde bringen hem atoon.
Chaucer.
2. Of the same opinion; agreed; as, on these
points we are at one.
3. Together. [Obs.]
Spenser.
He and Aufidius can no more atone
Than violentest contrariety.
Shak.
2. To stand as an equivalent; to make reparation,
compensation, or amends, for an offense or a crime.
The murderer fell, and blood atoned for blood.
Pope.
The ministry not atoning for their former conduct
by any wise or popular measure.
Junius.
A*tone", v. t. 1. To set at
one; to reduce to concord; to reconcile, as parties at variance;
to appease. [Obs.]
I would do much
To atone them, for the love I bear to Cassio.
Shak.
2. To unite in making. [Obs. &
R.]
The four elements . . . have atoned
A noble league.
Ford.
3. To make satisfaction for; to expiate.
Or each atone his guilty love with life.
Pope.
A*tone"ment (#), n. 1.
(Literally, a setting at one.) Reconciliation;
restoration of friendly relations; agreement; concord.
[Archaic]
By whom we have now received the atonement.
Rom. v. 11.
He desires to make atonement
Betwixt the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers.
Shak.
2. Satisfaction or reparation made by giving an
equivalent for an injury, or by doing of suffering that which
will be received in satisfaction for an offense or injury;
expiation; amends; -- with for. Specifically, in
theology: The expiation of sin made by the obedience, personal
suffering, and death of Christ.
When a man has been guilty of any vice, the best
atonement be can make for it is, to warn others.
Spectator.
The Phocians behaved with, so much gallantry, that they were
thought to have made a sufficient atonement for their
former offense.
Potter.
A*ton"er (#), n. One who makes
atonement.
At*ones (#), adv. [See At
one.] [Obs.]
Down he fell atones as a stone.
Chaucer.
A*ton"ic (#), a. [Cf. F.
atonique. See Atony.] 1.
(Med.) Characterized by atony, or want of vital
energy; as, an atonic disease.
2. (Gram.) Unaccented; as, an
atonic syllable.
3. Destitute of tone vocality; surd.
Rush.
A*ton"ic, n. 1. (Gram.)
A word that has no accent.
2. An element of speech entirely destitute of
vocality, or produced by the breath alone; a nonvocal or surd
consonant; a breathing.
Rush.
3. (Med.) A remedy capable of allaying
organic excitement or irritation.
Dunglison.
At"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. /
slackness; / priv. + / tone, strength, / to stretch: cf. F.
atonie.] (Med.) Want of tone;
weakness of the system, or of any organ, especially of such as
are contractile.
A*top" (#), adv. On or at the
top.
Milton.
{ At`ra*bi*la"ri*an (#),
At`ra*bi*la"ri*ous (#), } a.
[LL. atrabilarius, fr. L. atra bilis
black bile: cf. F. atrabilaire, fr.
atrabile.] Affected with melancholy;
atrabilious.
Arbuthnot.
At`ra*bi*la"ri*an, n. A person much
given to melancholy; a hypochondriac.
I. Disraeli.
At`ra*bil"iar (#), a.
Melancholy; atrabilious.
At`ra*bil"ia*ry (#), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to atra bilis or black bile, a
fluid formerly supposed to be produced by the kidneys.
2. Melancholic or hypohondriac; atrabilious; --
from the supposed predominance of black bile, to the influence of
which the ancients attributed hypochondria, melancholy, and
mania.
Atrabiliary arteries, capsules,
and veins (Anat.), those
pertaining to the kidney; -- called also renal
arteries, capsules, and veins.
At`ra*bil"ious (#), a.
Melancholic or hypochondriac; atrabiliary.
Dunglision.
A hard-faced, atrabilious, earnest-eyed race.
Lowell.
He was constitutionally atrabilious and
scornful.
Froude.
At`ra*men*ta"ceous (#), a. [L.
atramentum ink, fr. ater black.]
Black, like ink; inky; atramental. [Obs.]
Derham.
{ At`ra*men"tal (#),
At`ra*men"tous (#), } a.
Of or pertaining to ink; inky; black, like ink; as,
atramental galls; atramentous spots.
At`ra*men*ta"ri*ous (#), a.
[Cf. F. atramentaire. See
Atramentaceous.] Like ink; suitable for
making ink. Sulphate of iron (copperas, green vitriol) is called
atramentarious, as being used in making ink.
At*rede (#), v. t. [OE.
at (AS. \'91t) out +
rede.] To surpass in council.
[Obs.]
Men may the olde atrenne, but hat atrede.
Chaucer.
At*renne" (#), v. t. [OE.
at + renne to run.] To outrun.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A*tre"si*a (#), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / not perforated.] (Med.) Absence
or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body;
imperforation.
A"tri*al, a. Of or pertaining to an
atrium.
A*trip" (#), adv. [Pref.
a- + trip.] (Naut.)
(a) Just hove clear of the ground; -said of the
anchor. (b) Sheeted home, hoisted taut up and
ready for trimming; -- said of sails. (c)
Hoisted up and ready to be swayed across; -- said of
yards.
\'d8A"tri*um (#), n.; pl.
Atria (#). [L., the fore court of
a Roman house.] 1. (Arch.) (a)
A square hall lighted from above, into which rooms open at
one or more levels. (b) An open court with a
porch or gallery around three or more sides; especially at the
entrance of a basilica or other church. The name was extended in
the Middle Ages to the open churchyard or cemetery.
2. (Anat.) The main part of either
auricle of the heart as distinct from the auricular appendix.
Also, the whole articular portion of the heart.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A cavity in ascidians into
which the intestine and generative ducts open, and which also
receives the water from the gills. See
Ascidioidea.
\'d8At`ro*cha (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / priv. + / a circle.] (Zo\'94l.) A
kind of ch\'91topod larva in which no circles of cilia are
developed.
A*tro"cious (#), a. [L.
atrox, atrocis, cruel, fierce: cf. F.
atroce.] 1. Extremely heinous;
full of enormous wickedness; as, atrocious quilt or
deeds.
2. Characterized by, or expressing, great atrocity,
great atrocity.
Revelations . . . so atrocious that nothing in
history approaches them.
De Quincey.
3. Very grievous or violent; terrible; as,
atrocious distempers. [Obs.]
Cheyne.
Syn. -- Atrocious, Flagitious,
Flagrant. Flagitious points to
an act as grossly wicked and vile; as, a flagitious
proposal. Flagrant marks the vivid impression
made upon the mind by something strikingly wrong or erroneous;
as, a flagrant misrepresentation; a
flagrant violation of duty. Atrocious
represents the act as springing from a violent and savage spirit.
If Lord Chatham, instead of saying \'bdthe atrocious
crime of being a young man,\'b8 had used either of the other two
words, his irony would have lost all its point, in his celebrated
reply to Sir Robert Walpole, as reported by Dr. Johnson.
-- A*tro"cious*ly, adv. --
A*tro"cious*ness, n.
A*troc"i*ty (#), n.; pl.
Atrocities (#). [F.
atrocit\'82, L. atrocitas, fr.
atrox, atrocis, cruel.] 1.
Enormous wickedness; extreme heinousness or cruelty.
2. An atrocious or extremely cruel deed.
The atrocities which attend a victory.
Macaulay.
A*troph"ic, a. Relating to
atrophy.
At"ro*phied (#), p. a. Affected
with atrophy, as a tissue or organ; arrested in development at a
very early stage; rudimentary.
At"ro*phy (#), n. [L.
atrophia, Gr. /; / priv. + / to nourish: cf. F.
atrophie.] A wasting away from want of
nourishment; diminution in bulk or slow emaciation of the body or
of any part.
Milton.
At"ro*phy, v. t. [p. p.
Atrophied (#).] To cause to
waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.
At"ro*phy, v. i. To waste away; to
dwindle.
A*tro"pi*a (#), n. Same as
Atropine.
At"ro*pine (#), n. [Gr. /
inflexible; hence / /, one of the three Parc\'91; / priv. +
/ to turn.] (Chem.) A poisonous, white,
crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa
belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura
Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power
in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also
daturine.
At"ro*pism (#), n. (Med.)
A condition of the system produced by long use of
belladonna.
At"ro*pous (#), a. [Gr. /;
/ priv. + / to turn.] (Bot.) Not
inverted; orthotropous.
A"trous (#), a. [L.
ater.] Coal-black; very black.
\'d8A*try"pa (#), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. / priv. + / a hole.] (Paleon.) A
extinct genus of Branchiopoda, very common in Silurian
limestones.
At"ta*bal (#), n. See
Atabal.
\'d8At*tac"ca (#). [It., fr.
attaccare to tie, bind. See Attach.]
(Mus.) Attack at once; -- a direction at the end
of a movement to show that the next is to follow immediately,
without any pause.
At*tach" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attached
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attaching.] [OF. atachier,
F. attacher, to tie or fasten: cf. Celt.
tac, tach, nail, E. tack a small
nail, tack to fasten. Cf. Attack, and see
Tack.] 1. To bind, fasten, tie, or
connect; to make fast or join; as, to attach one
thing to another by a string, by glue, or the like.
The shoulder blade is . . . attached only to the
muscles.
Paley.
A huge stone to which the cable was attached.
Macaulay.
2. To connect; to place so as to belong; to assign
by authority; to appoint; as, an officer is attached
to a certain regiment, company, or ship.
3. To win the heart of; to connect by ties of love
or self-interest; to attract; to fasten or bind by moral
influence; -- with to; as, attached to a
friend; attaching others to us by wealth or
flattery.
Incapable of attaching a sensible man.
Miss Austen.
God . . . by various ties attaches man to man.
Cowper.
4. To connect, in a figurative sense; to ascribe or
attribute; to affix; -- with to; as, to
attach great importance to a particular
circumstance.
Top this treasure a curse is attached.
Bayard Taylor.
5. To take, seize, or lay hold of.
[Obs.]
Shak.
6. To take by legal authority: (a) To
arrest by writ, and bring before a court, as to answer for a
debt, or a contempt; -- applied to a taking of the person by a
civil process; being now rarely used for the arrest of
a criminal. (b) To seize or take (goods or real estate)
by virtue of a writ or precept to hold the same to satisfy a
judgment which may be rendered in the suit. See
Attachment, 4.
The earl marshal attached Gloucester for high
treason.
Miss Yonge.
Attached column (Arch.), a column
engaged in a wall, so that only a part of its circumference
projects from it.
Syn. -- To affix; bind; tie; fasten; connect; conjoin;
subjoin; annex; append; win; gain over; conciliate.
At*tach" (#), v. i. 1.
To adhere; to be attached.
The great interest which attaches to the mere
knowledge of these facts cannot be doubted.
Brougham.
2. To come into legal operation in connection with
anything; to vest; as, dower will attach.
Cooley.
At*tach", n. An attachment.
[Obs.]
Pope.
At*tach"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being attached; esp., liable to be taken by writ or
precept.
\'d8At`ta*ch\'82" (#), n. [F.,
p. p. of attacher. See Attach, v.
t.] One attached to another person or thing, as
a part of a suite or staff. Specifically: One attached to an
embassy.
At*tach"ment (#), n. [F.
attachment.] 1. The act attaching,
or state of being attached; close adherence or affection;
fidelity; regard; an/ passion of affection that binds a person;
as, an attachment to a friend, or to a
party.
2. That by which one thing is attached to another;
connection; as, to cut the attachments of a
muscle.
The human mind . . . has exhausted its forces in the endeavor
to rend the supernatural from its attachment to this
history.
I. Taylor.
3. Something attached; some adjunct attached to an
instrument, machine, or other object; as, a sewing machine
attachment (i. e., a device attached to a
sewing machine to enable it to do special work, as tucking,
etc.).
4. (Giv. Law) (a) A seizure or
taking into custody by virtue of a legal process.
(b) The writ or percept commanding such seizure or
taking.
attachment and arrest are both applied to
the taking or apprehension of a defendant to compel an appearance
in a civil action. Attachments are issued at common
law and in chancery, against persons for contempt of court. In
England, attachment is employed in some cases where
capias is with us, as against a witness who fails to
appear on summons. In some of the New England States a writ of
attachment is a species of mesne process
upon which the property of a defendant may be seized at the
commencement of a suit and before summons to him, and may be held
to satisfy the judgment the plaintiff may recover. In other
States this writ can issue only against absconding debtors and
those who conceal themselves. See Foreign,
Garnishment, Trustee process.
Bouvier. Burrill. Blackstone.
Syn. -- Attachment, Affection.
The leading idea of affection is that of warmth
and tenderness; the leading idea of attachment is that
of being bound to some object by strong and lasting ties. There
is more of sentiment (and sometimes of romance) in
affection, and more of principle in preserving
attachment. We speak of the ardor of the one, and the
fidelity of the other. There is another distinction in the use
and application of these words. The term attachment is
applied to a wider range of objects than affection. A
man may have a strong attachment to his country, to
his profession, to his principles, and even to favorite places;
in respect to none of these could we use the word
affection.
At*tack" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attacked
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attacking.] [F. attaquer,
orig. another form of attacher to attack: cf. It.
attacare to fasten, attack. See Attach,
Tack a small nail.] 1. To fall upon
with force; to assail, as with force and arms; to assault.
\'bdAttack their lines.\'b8
Dryden.
2. To assail with unfriendly speech or writing; to
begin a controversy with; to attempt to overthrow or bring into
disrepute, by criticism or satire; to censure; as, to
attack a man, or his opinions, in a pamphlet.
3. To set to work upon, as upon a task or problem,
or some object of labor or investigation.
4. To begin to affect; to begin to act upon,
injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or
waste.
On the fourth of March he was attacked by
fever.
Macaulay.
Hydrofluoric acid . . . attacks the glass.
B. Stewart.
Syn. -- To Attack, Assail,
Assault, Invade. These words all
denote a violent onset; attack being the generic term,
and the others specific forms of attack. To attack is
to commence the onset; to assail is to make a sudden
and violent attack, or to make repeated attacks; to
assault (literally, to leap upon) is to attack
physically by a had-to-hand approach or by unlawful and insulting
violence; to invade is to enter by force on what
belongs to another. Thus, a person may attack by
offering violence of any kind; he may assail by means
of missile weapons; he may assault by direct personal
violence; a king may invade by marching an army into a
country. Figuratively, we may say, men attack with
argument or satire; they assail with abuse or
reproaches; they may be assaulted by severe
temptations; the rights of the people may be invaded
by the encroachments of the crown.
At*tack", v. i. To make an onset or
attack.
At*tack", n. [Cf. F.
attaque.] 1. The act of attacking,
or falling on with force or violence; an onset; an assault; --
opposed to defense.
2. An assault upon one's feelings or reputation
with unfriendly or bitter words.
3. A setting to work upon some task, etc.
4. An access of disease; a fit of sickness.
5. The beginning of corrosive, decomposing, or
destructive action, by a chemical agent.
At*tack"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being attacked.
At*tack"er (#), n. One who
attacks.
{ At"ta*gas (#), At"ta*gen
(#), } n. [L. attagen a
kind of bird, Gr. /, /.] (Zo\'94l.) A
species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in
Asia and rarely in southern Europe.
<-- p. 98 -->
At"ta*ghan (#), n. See
Yataghan.
At*tain" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attaining.] [Of. atteinen,
atteignen, /tainen, OF.
ateindre, ataindre, F.
atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad +
tangere to touch, reach. See Tangent, and cf.
Attinge, Attaint.] 1. To
achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to gain; to
compass; as, to attain rest.
Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the
means?
Abp. Tillotson.
2. To gain or obtain possession of; to
acquire. [Obs. with a material object.]
Chaucer.
3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain.
[Obs.]
Not well attaining his meaning.
Fuller.
4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion;
to arrive at. \'bdCanaan he now attains.\'b8
Milton.
5. To overtake. [Obs.]
Bacon.
6. To reach in excellence or degree; to
equal.
Syn. -- To Attain, Obtain,
Procure. Attain always implies
an effort toward an object. Hence it is not synonymous
with obtain and procure, which do not
necessarily imply such effort or motion. We procure or
obtain a thing by purchase or
loan, and we obtain by inheritance, but we
do not attain it by such means.
At*tain", v. i. 1. To come or
arrive, by motion, growth, bodily exertion, or efforts toward a
place, object, state, etc.; to reach.
If by any means they might attain to Phenice.
Acts xxvii. 12.
Nor nearer might the dogs attain.
Sir W. Scott.
To see your trees attain to the dignity of
timber.
Cowper.
Few boroughs had as yet attained to power such as
this.
J. R. Green.
2. To come or arrive, by an effort of mind.
Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; it is high, I can not
attain unto it.
Ps. cxxxix. 6.
At*tain", n. Attainment.
[Obs.]
At*tain`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality of being attainable; attainbleness.
At*tain"a*ble (#), a. 1.
Capable of being attained or reached by efforts of the mind
or body; capable of being compassed or accomplished by efforts
directed to the object.
The highest pitch of perfection attainable in this
life.
Addison.
2. Obtainable. [Obs.]
General Howe would not permit the purchase of those articles
[clothes and blankets] in Philadelphia, and they were not
attainable in the country.
Marshall.
At*tain"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of
being attainable; attainability.
At*tain"der (#), n. [OF.
ataindre, ateindre, to accuse, convict.
Attainder is often erroneously referred to F.
teindre tie stain. See Attaint,
Attain.] 1. The act of attainting,
or the state of being attainted; the extinction of the civil
rights and capacities of a person, consequent upon sentence of
death or outlawry; as, an act of
attainder.
Abbott.
attainder was the inseparable
consequence of a judicial or legislative sentence for treason or
felony, and involved the forfeiture of all the real and personal
property of the condemned person, and such \'bdcorruption of
blood\'b8 that he could neither receive nor transmit by
inheritance, nor could he sue or testify in any court, or claim
any legal protection or rights. In England attainders
are now abolished, and in the United States the Constitution
provides that no bill of attainder shall be passed; and no
attainder of treason (in consequence of a judicial sentence)
shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the
life of the person attainted.
2. A stain or staining; state of being in dishonor
or condemnation. [Obs.]
He lived from all attainder of suspect.
Shak.
Bill of attainder, a bill brought into, or
passed by, a legislative body, condemning a person to death or
outlawry, and attainder, without judicial sentence.
At*tain"ment (#), n. 1.
The act of attaining; the act of arriving at or reaching;
hence, the act of obtaining by efforts.
The attainment of every desired object.
Sir W. Jones.
2. That which is attained to, or obtained by
exertion; acquirement; acquisition; (pl.), mental
acquirements; knowledge; as, literary and scientific
attainments.
At*taint" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attainted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attainting.] [OE.
atteynten to convict, fr. atteynt, OF.
ateint, p. p. of ateindre,
ataindre. The meanings 3, 4, 5, and 6 were influenced
by a supposed connection with taint. See
Attain, Attainder.] 1. To
attain; to get act; to hit. [Obs.]
2. (Old Law) To find guilty; to convict;
-- said esp. of a jury on trial for giving a false verdict.
[Obs.]
Upon sufficient proof attainted of some open act by
men of his own condition.
Blackstone.
3. (Law) To subject (a person) to the
legal condition formerly resulting from a sentence of death or
outlawry, pronounced in respect of treason or felony; to affect
by attainder.
No person shall be attainted of high treason where
corruption of blood is incurred, but by the oath of two
witnesses.
Stat. 7 & 8 Wm. III.
4. To accuse; to charge with a crime or a
dishonorable act. [Archaic]
5. To affect or infect, as with physical or mental
disease or with moral contagion; to taint or corrupt.
My tender youth was never yet attaint
With any passion of inflaming love.
Shak.
6. To stain; to obscure; to sully; to disgrace; to
cloud with infamy.
For so exceeding shone his glistring ray,
That Ph/bus' golden face it did attaint.
Spenser.
Lest she with blame her honor should attaint.
Spenser.
At*taint", p. p. Attainted;
corrupted. [Obs.]
Shak.
At*taint", n. [OF. attainte.
See Attaint, v.] 1. A
touch or hit.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Far.) A blow or wound on the leg of
a horse, made by overreaching.
White.
3. (Law) A writ which lies after
judgment, to inquire whether a jury has given a false verdict in
any court of record; also, the convicting of the jury so
tried.
Bouvier.
4. A stain or taint; disgrace. See
Taint.
Shak.
5. An infecting influence. [R.]
Shak.
At*taint"ment (#), n.
Attainder; attainture; conviction.
At*tain"ture (#), n. Attainder;
disgrace.
At"tal (#), n. Same as
Attle.
At*tame" (#), v. t. [OF.
atamer, from Latin. See Attaminate.]
1. To pierce; to attack. [Obs.]
2. To broach; to begin.
And right anon his tale he hath attamed.
Chaucer.
At*tam"i*nate (#), v. t. [L.
attaminare; ad + root of
tangere. See Contaminate.] To
corrupt; to defile; to contaminate. [Obs.]
Blount.
At"tar (#), n. [Per.
'atar perfume, essence, Ar. 'itr, fr.
'atara to smell sweet. Cf. Otto.]
A fragrant essential oil; esp., a volatile and highly
fragrant essential oil obtained from the petals of roses.
[Also written otto and
ottar.]
At*task" (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + task.] To take to task; to
blame.
Shak.
At*taste (#), v. t. [Pref.
a- + taste.] To taste or cause
to taste. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
At"te (#). At the.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
At*tem"per (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attempered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attempering.] [OF. atemprer,
fr. L. attemperare; ad + temperare to
soften, temper. See Temper, and cf.
Attemperate.] 1. To reduce, modify,
or moderate, by mixture; to temper; to regulate, as
temperature.
If sweet with bitter . . . were not attempered
still.
Trench.
2. To soften, mollify, or moderate; to soothe; to
temper; as, to attemper rigid justice with
clemency.
3. To mix in just proportion; to regulate; as,
a mind well attempered with kindness and
justice.
4. To accommodate; to make suitable; to
adapt.
Arts . . . attempered to the lyre.
Pope.
temper taking its place.
At*tem"per*a*ment (#), n. [OF.
attemprement.] A tempering, or mixing in
due proportion.
At*tem"per*ance (#), n. [Cf.
OF. atemprance.] Temperance;
attemperament. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
At*tem"per*ate (#), a. [L.
attemperatus, p. p. of attemperare. See
Attemper.] Tempered; proportioned; properly
adapted.
Hope must be . . . attemperate to the promise.
Hammond.
At*tem"per*ate (#), v. t. To
attemper. [Archaic]
At*tem`per*a"tion (#), n. The
act of attempering or regulating. [Archaic]
Bacon.
At*tem"per*ly, adv. Temperately.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
At*tem"per*ment (#), n.
Attemperament.
At*tempt" (?; 215), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attempted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attempting.] [OF.
atenter, also spelt atempter, F.
attenter, fr. L. attentare to attempt;
ad + tentare, temptare, to touch, try, v.
intens. of tendere to stretch. See Tempt, and
cf. Attend.] 1. To make trial or
experiment of; to try; to endeavor to do or perform (some
action); to assay; as, to attempt to sing; to
attempt a bold flight.
Something attempted, something done,
Has earned a night's repose.
Longfellow.
2. To try to move, by entreaty, by afflictions, or
by temptations; to tempt. [Obs. or Archaic]
It made the laughter of an afternoon
That Vivien should attempt the blameless king.
Thackeray.
3. To try to win, subdue, or overcome; as, one
who attempts the virtue of a woman.
Dear sir, of force I must attempt you further:
Take some remembrance of us, as a tribute.
Shak.
4. To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to
try to take by force; as, to attempt the enemy's
camp.
Without attempting his adversary's life.
Motley.
Syn. -- See Try.
At*tempt", v. i. To make an attempt; --
with upon. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
At*tempt", n. A essay, trial, or
endeavor; an undertaking; an attack, or an effort to gain a
point; esp. an unsuccessful, as contrasted with a successful,
effort.
By his blindness maimed for high attempts.
Milton.
Attempt to commit a crime (Law),
such an intentional preparatory act as will apparently
result, if not extrinsically hindered, in a crime which it was
designed to effect.
Wharton.
Syn. -- Attempt, Endeavor,
Effort, Exertion, Trial.
These words agree in the idea of calling forth our powers
into action. Trial is the generic term; it denotes a
putting forth of one's powers with a view to determine what they
can accomplish; as, to make trial of one's
strength. An attempt is always directed to some
definite and specific object; as, \'bdThe attempt,
and not the deed, confounds us.\'b8 Shak. An
endeavor is a continued attempt; as, \'bdHis high
endeavor and his glad success.\'b8 Cowper.
Effort is a specific putting forth of strength in
order to carry out an attempt. Exertion is the putting
forth or active exercise of any faculty or power. \'bdIt admits
of all degrees of effort and even natural action without
effort.\'b8 C. J. Smith. See Try.
At*tempt"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being attempted, tried, or attacked.
Shak.
At*tempt"er (?; 215), n. 1.
One who attempts; one who essays anything.
2. An assailant; also, a temper.
[Obs.]
At*tempt"ive (#), a. Disposed
to attempt; adventurous. [Obs.]
Daniel.
At*tend" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attending.] [OE.
atenden, OF. atendre, F.
attendre, to expect, to wait, fr. L.
attendre to stretch, (sc. animum), to apply
the mind to; ad + tendere to stretch. See
Tend.] 1. To direct the attention
to; to fix the mind upon; to give heed to; to regard.
[Obs.]
The diligent pilot in a dangerous tempest doth not
attend the unskillful words of the passenger.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. To care for; to look after; to take charge of;
to watch over.
3. To go or stay with, as a companion, nurse, or
servant; to visit professionally, as a physician; to accompany or
follow in order to do service; to escort; to wait on; to
serve.
The fifth had charge sick persons to attend.
Spenser.
Attends the emperor in his royal court.
Shak.
With a sore heart and a gloomy brow, he prepared to
attend William thither.
Macaulay.
4. To be present with; to accompany; to be united
or consequent to; as, a measure attended with ill
effects.
What cares must then attend the toiling swain.
Dryden.
5. To be present at; as, to attend
church, school, a concert, a business meeting.
6. To wait for; to await; to remain, abide, or be
in store for. [Obs.]
The state that attends all men after this.
Locke.
Three days I promised to attend my doom.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To Attend, Mind, Regard,
Heed, Notice. Attend
is generic, the rest are specific terms. To mind is to
attend so that it may not be forgotten; to regard is
to look on a thing as of importance; to heed is to ~
to a thing from a principle of caution; to notice is
to think on that which strikes the senses. Crabb. See
Accompany.
At*tend" (#), v. i. 1.
To apply the mind, or pay attention, with a view to
perceive, understand, or comply; to pay regard; to heed; to
listen; -- usually followed by to.
Attend to the voice of my supplications.
Ps. lxxxvi. 6.
Man can not at the same time attend to two
objects.
Jer. Taylor.
2. To accompany or be present or near at hand, in
pursuance of duty; to be ready for service; to wait or be in
waiting; -- often followed by on or
upon.
He was required to attend upon the committee.
Clarendon.
3. (with to) To take charge of; to look
after; as, to attend to a matter of
business.
4. To wait; to stay; to delay.
[Obs.]
For this perfection she must yet attend,
Till to her Maker she espoused be.
Sir J. Davies.
Syn. -- To Attend, Listen,
Hearken. We attend with a view
to hear and learn; we listen with fixed attention, in
order to hear correctly, or to consider what has been said; we
hearken when we listen with a willing mind, and in
reference to obeying.
At*tend"ance (#), n. [OE.
attendance, OF. atendance, fr.
atendre, F. attendre. See Attend,
v. t.] 1. Attention; regard;
careful application. [Obs.]
Till I come, give attendance to reading.
1 Tim. iv. 13.
2. The act of attending; state of being in waiting;
service; ministry; the fact of being present; presence.
Constant attendance at church three times a
day.
Fielding.
3. Waiting for; expectation.
[Obs.]
Languishing attendance and expectation of
death.
Hooker.
4. The persons attending; a retinue;
attendants.
If your stray attendance by yet lodged.
Milton.
At*tend"an*cy (#), n. The
quality of attending or accompanying; attendance; an
attendant. [Obs.]
At*tend"ant (#), a. [F.
attendant, p. pr. of attendre. See
Attend, v. t.] 1. Being
present, or in the train; accompanying; in waiting.
From the attendant flotilla rang notes triumph.
Sir W. Scott.
Cherub and Seraph . . . attendant on their
Lord.
Milton.
2. Accompanying, connected with, or immediately
following, as consequential; consequent; as, intemperance
with all its attendant evils.
The natural melancholy attendant upon his situation
added to the gloom of the owner of the mansion.
Sir W. Scott.
3. (Law) Depending on, or owing duty or
service to; as, the widow attendant to the
heir.
Cowell.
Attendant keys (Mus.), the keys or
scales most nearly related to, or having most in common with, the
principal key; those, namely, of its fifth above, or dominant,
its fifth below (fourth above), or subdominant, and its relative
minor or major.
At*tend"ant, n. 1. One who
attends or accompanies in any character whatever, as a friend,
companion, servant, agent, or suitor. \'bdA train of
attendants.\'b8
Hallam.
2. One who is present and takes part in the
proceedings; as, an attendant at a
meeting.
3. That which accompanies; a concomitant.
[A] sense of fame, the attendant of noble
spirits.
Pope.
4. (Law) One who owes duty or service
to, or depends on, another.
Cowell.
At*tend"e*ment (#), n.
Intent. [Obs.]
Spenser.
At*tend"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, attends.
At*tend"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF.
atendement.] An attendant
circumstance. [Obs.]
The uncomfortable attendments of hell.
Sir T. Browne.
At*tent" (#), a. [L.
attentus, p. p. of attendere. See
Attend, v. t.] Attentive;
heedful. [Archaic]
Let thine ears be attent unto the prayer.
2 Chron. vi. 40.
At*tent", n. Attention; heed.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
{ At*ten"tate (#), At*ten"tat
(#), } n. [L.
attentatum, pl. attentata, fr.
attentare to attempt: cf. F. attentat
criminal attempt. See Attempt.] 1.
An attempt; an assault. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. (Law) (a) A proceeding in a
court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed.
(b) Any step wrongly innovated or attempted in a
suit by an inferior judge.
At*ten"tion (#), n. [L.
attentio: cf. F. attention.]
1. The act or state of attending or heeding; the
application of the mind to any object of sense, representation,
or thought; notice; exclusive or special consideration; earnest
consideration, thought, or regard; obedient or affectionate heed;
the supposed power or faculty of attending.
<-- p. 99 -->
They say the tongues of dying men
Enforce attention like deep harmony.
Shak.
Attention is consciousness and something
more. It is consciousness voluntarily applied, under its law of
limitations, to some determinate object; it is consciousness
concentrated.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. An act of civility or courtesy; care for the
comfort and pleasure of others; as, attentions paid
to a stranger.
To pay attention to, To pay one's
attentions to, to be courteous or attentive to;
to wait upon as a lover; to court.
Syn. -- Care; heed; study; consideration; application;
advertence; respect; regard.
At*ten"tive (#), a. [Cf. F.
attentif.] 1. Heedful; intent;
observant; regarding with care or attention.
Attentive is applied to the senses of
hearing and seeing, as, an attentive ear or eye; to
the application of the mind, as in contemplation; or to the
application of the mind, in every possible sense, as when a
person is attentive to the words, and to the manner
and matter, of a speaker at the same time.
2. Heedful of the comfort of others;
courteous.
Syn. -- Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful;
circumspect; watchful.
-- At*ten"tive*ly, adv. --
At*ten"tive*ness, n.
At*tent"ly, adv. Attentively.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
At*ten"u*ant (#), a. [L.
attenuans, p. pr. of attenuare: cf. F.
att\'82nuant. See Attenuate.]
Making thin, as fluids; diluting; rendering less dense and
viscid; diluent. -- n.
(Med.) A medicine that thins or dilutes the
fluids; a diluent.
At*ten"u*ate (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attenuated
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Attenuating
(#).] [L. attenuatus, p. p.
of attenuare; ad + tenuare to make thin,
tenuis thin. See Thin.] 1.
To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action
upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease,
etc., upon living bodies.
2. To make thin or less consistent; to render less
viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the
humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.
3. To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to
make less complex; to weaken.
To undersell our rivals . . . has led the manufacturer to . .
. attenuate his processes, in the allotment of tasks,
to an extreme point.
I. Taylor.
We may reject and reject till we attenuate history
into sapless meagerness.
Sir F. Palgrave.
At*ten"u*ate, v. i. To become thin,
slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.
The attention attenuates as its sphere
contracts.
Coleridge.
{ At*ten"u*ate (#),
At*ten"u*a`ted (#), } a.
[L. attenuatus, p. p.] 1.
Made thin or slender.
2. Made thin or less viscid; rarefied.
Bacon.
At*ten`u*a"tion (#), n. [L.
attenuatio: cf. F. att\'82nuation.]
1. The act or process of making slender, or the
state of being slender; emaciation.
2. The act of attenuating; the act of making thin
or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.
3. The process of weakening in intensity;
diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of
virus.
At"ter (#), n. [AS.
\'d6tter.] Poison; venom; corrupt matter
from a sore. [Obs.]
Holland.
At"ter*cop (#), n. [AS.
attercoppa a spider; \'d6tter poison +
coppa head, cup.] 1. A
spider. [Obs.]
2. A peevish, ill-natured person.
[North of Eng.]
At*ter*rate (#), v. t. [It.
atterrare (cf. LL. atterrare to cast to
earth); L. ad + terra earth, land.] To fill
up with alluvial earth. [Obs.]
Ray.
At`ter*ra"tion (#), n. The act
of filling up with earth, or of forming land with alluvial
earth. [Obs.]
At"test" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attested; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attesting.] [L.
attestari; ad + testari to bear witness:
cf. F. attester.] 1. To bear
witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as,
to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of
record.
Facts . . . attested by particular pagan
authors.
Addison.
2. To give proof of; to manifest; as, the ruins
of Palmyra attest its ancient magnificence.
3. To call to witness; to invoke.
[Archaic]
The sacred streams which Heaven's imperial state
Attests in oaths, and fears to violate.
Dryden.
At*test", n. Witness; testimony;
attestation. [R.]
The attest of eyes and ears.
Shak.
At`tes*ta"tion (#), n. [L.
attestatio: cf. F. attestation.]
The act of attesting; testimony; witness; a solemn or
official declaration, verbal or written, in support of a fact;
evidence. The truth appears from the attestation of
witnesses, or of the proper officer. The subscription of a name
to a writing as a witness, is an attestation.
At*test"a*tive (#), a. Of the
nature of attestation.
{ At*test"er (#), At*test"or
(#), } n. One who attests.
At*test"ive (#), a. Attesting;
furnishing evidence.
At"tic (#), a. [L.
Atticus, Gr. /.] Of or pertaining to
Attica, in Greece, or to Athens, its principal city; marked by
such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians;
classical; refined.
Attic base (Arch.), a peculiar form
of molded base for a column or pilaster, described by Vitruvius,
applied under the Roman Empire to the Ionic and Corinthian and
\'bdRoman Doric\'b8 orders, and imitated by the architects of the
Renaissance. -- Attic faith, inviolable
faith. -- Attic purity, special purity of
language. -- Attic salt, Attic
wit, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the
Athenians. -- Attic story. See
Attic, n. -- Attic style,
a style pure and elegant.
At"tic, n. [In sense (a) from
F. attique, orig. meaning Attic. See Attic,
a.] 1. (Arch.) (a)
A low story above the main order or orders of a facade, in
the classical styles; -- a term introduced in the 17th century.
Hence: (b) A room or rooms behind that part
of the exterior; all the rooms immediately below the roof.
2. An Athenian; an Athenian author.
At"tic*al (#), a. Attic.
[Obs.]
Hammond.
At"ti*cism (#), n. [Gr.
/.] 1. A favoring of, or attachment to, the
Athenians.
2. The style and idiom of the Greek language, used
by the Athenians; a concise and elegant expression.
At"ti*cize (#), v. t. [Gr.
/.] To conform or make conformable to the language,
customs, etc., of Attica.
At"ti*cize, v. i. 1. To side
with the Athenians.
2. To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to
the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.
At*tig"u*ous (#), a. [L.
attiguus, fr. attingere to touch. See
Attain.] Touching; bordering;
contiguous. [Obs.]
-- At*tig"u*ous*ness, n.
[Obs.]
At*tinge" (#), v. t. [L.
attingere to touch. See Attain.]
To touch lightly. [Obs.]
Coles.
At*tire" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attiring.] [OE. atiren to
array, dispose, arrange, OF. atirier; \'85
(L. ad) + F. tire rank, order, row; of Ger.
origin: cf. As. tier row, OHG. ziar\'c6, G.
zier, ornament, zieren to adorn. Cf.
Tire a headdress.] To dress; to array; to
adorn; esp., to clothe with elegant or splendid garments.
Finely attired in a robe of white.
Shak.
With the linen miter shall he be attired.
Lev. xvi. 4.
At*tire", n. 1. Dress; clothes;
headdress; anything which dresses or adorns; esp., ornamental
clothing.
Earth in her rich attire.
Milton.
I 'll put myself in poor and mean attire.
Shak.
Can a maid forget her ornament, or a bride her
attire?
Jer. ii. 32.
2. The antlers, or antlers and scalp, of a stag or
buck.
3. (Bot.) The internal parts of a
flower, included within the calyx and the corolla.
[Obs.]
Johnson.
At*tired" (#), p. p.
(Her.) Provided with antlers, as a stag.
At*tire"ment (#), n. Attire;
adornment.
At*tir"er (#), n. One who
attires.
At"ti*tude (#), n. [It.
attitudine, LL. aptitudo, fr. L.
aptus suited, fitted: cf. F. attitude. Cf.
Aptitude.] 1. (Paint. &
Sculp.) The posture, action, or disposition
of a figure or a statue.
2. The posture or position of a person or an
animal, or the manner in which the parts of his body are
disposed; position assumed or studied to serve a purpose; as,
a threatening attitude; an attitude of
entreaty.
3. Fig.: Position as indicating action, feeling, or
mood; as, in times of trouble let a nation preserve a firm
attitude; one's mental attitude in respect to
religion.
The attitude of the country was rapidly
changing.
J. R. Green.
To strike an attitude, to take an attitude for
mere effect.
Syn. -- Attitude, Posture.
Both of these words describe the visible disposition of the
limbs. Posture relates to their position merely;
attitude refers to their fitness for some specific
object. The object of an attitude is to set forth
exhibit some internal feeling; as, attitude of
wonder, of admiration, of grief, etc. It is, therefore,
essentially and designedly expressive. Its object is
the same with that of gesture; viz., to hold forth and represent.
Posture has no such design. If we speak of
posture in prayer, or the posture of
devotion, it is only the natural disposition of the limbs,
without any intention to show forth or exhibit.
'T is business of a painter in his choice of
attitudes (positur\'91) to foresee the
effect and harmony of the lights and shadows.
Dryden.
Never to keep the body in the same posture half an
hour at a time.
Bacon.
At`ti*tu"di*nal (#), a.
Relating to attitude.
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an (#), n.
One who attitudinizes; a posture maker.
At`ti*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism (#), n.
A practicing of attitudes; posture making.
At`ti*tu"di*nize (#), v. i. To
assume affected attitudes; to strike an attitude; to pose.
Maria, who is the most picturesque figure, was put to
attitudinize at the harp.
Hannah More.
At`ti*tu"di*ni`zer (#), n One
who practices attitudes.
At"tle (#), n. [Cf.
Addle mire.] (Mining) Rubbish or
refuse consisting of broken rock containing little or no
ore.
Weale.
At*tol"lent (#), a. [L.
attollens, p. pr. of attollere; ad +
tollere to lift.] Lifting up; raising; as,
an attollent muscle.
Derham.
At*tonce" (#), adv.
[At + once.] At once;
together. [Obs.]
Spenser.
At*tone" (#), adv. See At
one. [Obs.]
At*torn" (#), v. i. [OF.
atorner, aturner, atourner, to
direct, prepare, dispose, attorn (cf. OE. atornen to
return, adorn); \'85 (L. ad) +
torner to turn; cf. LL. attornare to commit
business to another, to attorn; ad + tornare to turn,
L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to round off. See
Turn, v. t.] 1. (Feudal
Law) To turn, or transfer homage and service, from one
lord to another. This is the act of feudatories, vassals, or
tenants, upon the alienation of the estate.
Blackstone.
2. (Modern Law) To agree to become
tenant to one to whom reversion has been granted.
At*tor"ney (#), n.; pl.
Attorneys (#). [OE.
aturneye, OF. atorn\'82, p. p. of
atorner: cf. LL. atturnatus,
attornatus, fr. attornare. See
Attorn.] 1. A substitute; a proxy;
an agent. [Obs.]
And will have no attorney but myself.
Shak.
2. (Law) (a) One who is legally
appointed by another to transact any business for him; an
attorney in fact. (b) A legal
agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal
proceedings; an attorney at law.
public or
private. A private attorney, or an
attorney in fact, is a person appointed by another, by
a letter or power of attorney, to transact any business for him
out of court; but in a more extended sense, this class includes
any agent employed in any business, or to do any act in
pais, for another. A public attorney, or
attorney at law, is a practitioner in a court of law,
legally qualified to prosecute and defend actions in such court,
on the retainer of clients. Bouvier. -- The attorney at
law answers to the procurator of the civilians, to the
solicitor in chancery, and to the proctor
in the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts, and all of these are
comprehended under the more general term lawyer. In
Great Britain and in some states of the United States, attorneys
are distinguished from counselors in that the business of the
former is to carry on the practical and formal parts of the suit.
In many states of the United States however, no such distinction
exists. In England, since 1873, attorneys at law are by statute
called solicitors.
A power, letter, or
warrant, of attorney, a written
authority from one person empowering another to transact business
for him.
At*tor"ney (#), v. t. To
perform by proxy; to employ as a proxy. [Obs.]
Shak.
At*tor"ney-gen"er*al (#), n.;
(pl. Attorney-generals or Attorneys-general).
(Law) The chief law officer of the state,
empowered to act in all litigation in which the law-executing
power is a party, and to advise this supreme executive whenever
required.
Wharton.
At*tor"ney*ism (#), n. The
practice or peculiar cleverness of attorneys.
At*tor"ney*ship, n. The office or
profession of an attorney; agency for another.
Shak.
At*torn"ment (#), n. [OF.
attornement, LL. attornamentum. See
Attorn.] (Law) The act of a
feudatory, vassal, or tenant, by which he consents, upon the
alienation of an estate, to receive a new lord or superior, and
transfers to him his homage and service; the agreement of a
tenant to acknowledge the purchaser of the estate as his
landlord.
Burrill. Blackstone.
At*tract" (#), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attracting.] [L.
attractus, p. p. of attrahere; ad +
trahere to draw. See Trace, v.
t.] 1. To draw to, or cause to tend to;
esp. to cause to approach, adhere, or combine; or to cause to
resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition.
All bodies and all parts of bodies mutually attract
themselves and one another.
Derham.
2. To draw by influence of a moral or emotional
kind; to engage or fix, as the mind, attention, etc.; to invite
or allure; as, to attract admirers.
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
Milton.
Syn. -- To draw; allure; invite; entice; influence.
At*tract", n. Attraction.
[Obs.]
Hudibras.
At*tract`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The
quality or fact of being attractable.
Sir W. Jones.
At*tract"a*ble (#), a. Capable
of being attracted; subject to attraction. --
At*tract"a*ble*ness,
n.
At*tract"er (#), n. One who, or
that which, attracts.
At*tract"ile (#), a. Having
power to attract.
At*tract"ing, a. That attracts.
-- At*tract"ing*ly,
adv.
At*trac"tion (#), n. [L.
attractio: cf. F. attraction.]
1. (Physics) An invisible power in a
body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature
acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to
draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination,
and conversely resisting separation.
Attraction is exerted at both
sensible and insensible distances, and is
variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena.
Under attraction at sensible distances, there are, --
(1.) Attraction of gravitation, which acts
at all distances throughout the universe, with a force
proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies
and inversely to the square of their distances apart.
(2.) Magnetic, diamagnetic, and
electrical attraction, each of which is limited
in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property
dependent on the quality or condition of
matter, and not on its quantity.
Under attraction at insensible distances, there are,
--
(1.) Adhesive attraction, attraction between surfaces
of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance.
(2.) Cohesive attraction, attraction between ultimate
particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an
aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption
of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the
process of solidification or crystallization. The power in
adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion.
(3.) Capillary attraction, attraction causing a liquid
to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level
outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous
substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a
special case of cohesive attraction.
(4.) Chemical attraction, or affinity, that
peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms,
to unite to form molecules.
2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of
the power or operation of attraction.
Newton.
3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to,
inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; as, the
attraction of beauty or eloquence.
4. That which attracts; an attractive object or
feature.
Syn. -- Allurement; enticement; charm.
At*tract"ive (#), a. [Cf. F.
attractif.] 1. Having the power or
quality of attracting or drawing; as, the attractive
force of bodies.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Attracting or drawing by moral influence or
pleasurable emotion; alluring; inviting; pleasing.
\'bdAttractive graces.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdAttractive eyes.\'b8
Thackeray.
Flowers of a livid yellow, or fleshy color, are most
attractive to flies.
Lubbock.
-- At*tract"ive*ly, adv. --
At*tract"ive*ness, n.
At*tract"ive, n. That which attracts or
draws; an attraction; an allurement.
Speaks nothing but attractives and invitation.
South.
<-- p. 100 -->
<-- p. 100 -->
At`trac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or degree of attractive power.
At*tract"or (?), n. One who, or
that which, attracts.
Sir T. Browne
At"tra*hent (?), a. [L.
attrahens, p. pr. of attrahere.
See Attract, v. t.] Attracting;
drawing; attractive.
At"tra*hent, n. 1. That which
attracts, as a magnet.
The motion of the steel to its attrahent
.
Glanvill.
2. (Med.) A substance which, by
irritating the surface, excites action in the part to which it is
applied, as a blister, an epispastic, a sinapism.
At*trap" (?), v. t. [F.
attraper to catch; \'85 (L. ad) +
trappe trap. See Trap (for taking
game).] To entrap; to insnare.
[Obs.]
Grafton.
At*trap", v. t. [Pref. ad +
trap to adorn.] To adorn with trapping; to
array. [Obs.]
Shall your horse be attrapped . . . more
richly?
Holland.
At`trec*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
attrectatio; ad + tractare to
handle.] Frequent handling or touching.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
At*trib"u*ta*ble (?), a.
Capable of being attributed; ascribable; imputable.
Errors . . . attributable to carelessness.
J. D. Hooker.
At*trib"ute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attributed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Attributing.] [L.
attributus, p. p. of attribuere;
ad + tribuere to bestow. See
Tribute.] To ascribe; to consider (something)
as due or appropriate (to); to refer, as an effect to
a cause; to impute; to assign; to consider as belonging
(to).
We attribute nothing to God that hath any
repugnancy or contradiction in it.
Abp. Tillotson.
The merit of service is seldom attributed to the
true and exact performer.
Shak.
Syn. -- See Ascribe.
At"tri*bute (?), n. [L.
attributum.] 1. That which is
attributed; a quality which is considered as belonging to, or
inherent in, a person or thing; an essential or necessary
property or characteristic.
But mercy is above this sceptered away; . . .
It is an attribute to God himself.
Shak.
2. Reputation. [Poetic]
Shak.
3. (Paint. & Sculp.) A conventional
symbol of office, character, or identity, added to any particular
figure; as, a club is the attribute of
Hercules.
4. (Gram.) Quality, etc., denoted by an
attributive; an attributive adjunct or adjective.
At`tri*bu"tion (?), n. [L.
attributio: cf. F. attribution.]
1. The act of attributing or ascribing, as a
quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect
to a cause.
2. That which is ascribed or attributed.
At*trib"u*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
attributif.] Attributing; pertaining to,
expressing, or assigning an attribute; of the nature of an
attribute.
At*trib"u*tive, n., (Gram.) A
word that denotes an attribute; esp. a modifying word joined to a
noun; an adjective or adjective phrase.
At*trib"u*tive*ly, adv. In an
attributive manner.
At*trite" (?), a. [L.
attritus, p. p. of atterere; ad +
terere to rub. See Trite.] 1.
Rubbed; worn by friction.
Milton.
2. (Theol.) Repentant from fear of
punishment; having attrition of grief for sin; -- opposed to
contrite.
At*tri"tion (?), n. [L.
attritio: cf. F. attrition.]
1. The act of rubbing together; friction; the act
of wearing by friction, or by rubbing substances together;
abrasion.
Effected by attrition of the inward stomach.
Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being worn.
Johnson.
3. (Theol.) Grief for sin arising only
from fear of punishment or feelings of shame. See
Contrition.
Wallis.
At"try (?), a. [See
Atter.] Poisonous; malignant;
malicious. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
At*tune" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Attuned
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Attuning.] [Pref. ad- +
tune.]
1. To tune or put in tune; to make melodious; to
adjust, as one sound or musical instrument to another; as, to
attune the voice to a harp.
2. To arrange fitly; to make accordant.
Wake to energy each social aim,
Attuned spontaneous to the will of Jove.
Beattie.
A*twain" (?), adv. [OE.
atwaine, atwinne; pref. a- +
twain.] In twain; asunder.
[Obs. or Poetic] \'bdCuts atwain the
knots.\'b8
Tennyson.
A*tween" (?), adv. or prep.
[See Atwain, and cf. Between.]
Between. [Archaic]
Spenser. Tennyson.
A*twirl" (?), a. & adv. [Pref.
a- + twist.] Twisted; distorted;
awry. [R.]
Halliwell.
A*twite" (?), v. t. [OE.
attwyten, AS. \'91tw\'c6tan. See
Twit.] To speak reproachfully of; to twit; to
upbraid. [Obs.]
A*twixt" (?), adv.
Betwixt. [Obs.] Spenser.
A*two" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + two.] In two; in twain;
asunder. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ A*typ"ic (?), A*typ"ic*al,
} a. [Pref. a- not +
typic, typical.] That has no
type; devoid of typical character; irregular; unlike the
type.
\'d8Au`bade" (?), n. [F., fr.
aube the dawn, fr. L. albus white.]
An open air concert in the morning, as distinguished from an
evening serenade; also, a pianoforte composition suggestive of
morning.
Grove.
The crowing cock . . .
Sang his aubade with lusty voice and clear.
Longfellow.
\'d8Au`baine" (?), n. [F., fr.
aubain an alien, fr. L. alibi
elsewhere.] Succession to the goods of a stranger not
naturalized.
Littr\'82.
Droit d'aubaine (/), the right,
formerly possessed by the king of France, to all the personal
property of which an alien died possessed. It was abolished in
1819.
Bouvier.
Aube (?), n. [See
Ale.] An alb. [Obs.]
Fuller.
\'d8Au`berge" (?), n.
[F.] An inn.
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8Au"bin (?), n. [F.]
A broken gait of a horse, between an amble and a gallop; --
commonly called a Canterbury gallop.
Au"burn (?), a. [OE.
auburne blonde, OF. alborne,
auborne, fr. LL. alburnus whitish, fr. L.
albus white. Cf. Alburn.] 1.
Flaxen-colored. [Obs.]
Florio.
2. Reddish brown.
His auburn locks on either shoulder flowed.
Dryden.
\'d8Au*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. /, fr. / the neck.] (Zo\'94l.)
The part of the neck nearest the back.
Auc"ta*ry (?), n. [L.
auctarium.] That which is superadded;
augmentation. [Obs.]
Baxter.
Auc"tion (?), n. [L.
auctio an increasing, a public sale, where the price
was called out, and the article to be sold was adjudged to the
last increaser of the price, or the highest bidder, fr. L.
augere, auctum, to increase. See
Augment.] 1. A public sale of
property to the highest bidder, esp. by a person licensed and
authorized for the purpose; a vendue.
2. The things sold by auction or put up to
auction.
Ask you why Phryne the whole auction buys ?
Pope.
at auction,\'b8 that is, by an
increase of bids (Lat. auctione). This
latter form is preferable.
Dutch auction, the public offer of property at
a price beyond its value, then gradually lowering the price, till
some one accepts it as purchaser.
P. Cyc.
Auc"tion, v. t. To sell by
auction.
Auc"tion*a*ry (?), a. [L.
auctionarius.] Of or pertaining to an
auction or an auctioneer. [R.]
With auctionary hammer in thy hand.
Dryden.
Auc`tion*eer" (?), n. A person
who sells by auction; a person whose business it is to dispose of
goods or lands by public sale to the highest or best
bidder.
Auc`tion*eer", v. t. To sell by auction;
to auction.
Estates . . . advertised and auctioneered away.
Cowper.
Au`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L.
aucupatio, fr. auceps, contr. for
aviceps; avis bird + capere to
take.] Birdcatching; fowling.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Au*da"cious (?), a. [F.
audacieux, as if fr. LL. audaciosus (not
found), fr. L. audacia audacity, fr. audax,
-acis, bold, fr. audere to dare.]
1. Daring; spirited; adventurous.
As in a cloudy chair, ascending rides
Audacious.
Milton.
2. Contemning the restraints of law, religion, or
decorum; bold in wickedness; presumptuous; impudent;
insolent. \'bd Audacious traitor.\'b8 Shak. \'bd
Such audacious neighborhood.\'b8
Milton.
3. Committed with, or proceedings from, daring
effrontery or contempt of law, morality, or decorum.
\'bdAudacious cruelty.\'b8 \'bdAudacious
prate.\'b8
Shak.
Au*da"cious*ly, adv. In an audacious
manner; with excess of boldness; impudently.
Au*da"cious*ness, n. The quality of
being audacious; impudence; audacity.
Au*dac"i*ty (?), n. 1.
Daring spirit, resolution, or confidence;
venturesomeness.
The freedom and audacity necessary in the commerce
of men.
Tatler.
2. Reckless daring; presumptuous impudence; --
implying a contempt of law or moral restraints.
With the most arrogant audacity.
Joye.
Au`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being audible; power of being heard; audible
capacity.
Au"di*ble (?), a. [LL.
audibilis, fr. L. audire,
auditum, to hear: cf. Gr. / ear, L.
auris, and E. ear.] Capable of
being heard; loud enough to be heard; actually heard; as, an
audible voice or whisper.
Au"di*ble, n. That which may be
heard. [Obs.]
Visibles are swiftlier carried to the sense than
audibles.
Bacon.
Au"di*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
audible.
Au"di*bly, adv. So as to be heard.
Au"di*ence (?), n. [F.
audience, L. audientia, fr.
audire to hear. See Audible,
a.] 1. The act of hearing;
attention to sounds.
Thou, therefore, give due audience, and attend.
Milton.
2. Admittance to a hearing; a formal interview,
esp. with a sovereign or the head of a government, for conference
or the transaction of business.
According to the fair play of the world,
Let me have audience: I am sent to speak.
Shak.
3. An auditory; an assembly of hearers. Also
applied by authors to their readers.
Fit audience find, though few.
Milton.
He drew his audience upward to the sky.
Dryden.
Court of audience, or Audience
court (Eng.), a court long since
disused, belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury; also, one
belonging to the Archbishop of York. Mozley & W. --
In general (or open)
audience, publicly. -- To give
audience, to listen; to admit to an
interview.
Au"di*ent (?), a. [L.
audiens, p. pr. of audire. See
Audible, a.] Listening; paying
attention; as, audient souls.
Mrs. Browning.
Au"di*ent, n. A hearer; especially a
catechumen in the early church. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Au`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [L.
audire to hear + -meter.]
(Acous.) An instrument by which the power of
hearing can be gauged and recorded on a scale.
Au"di*phone (?), n. [L.
audire to hear + Gr. / sound.] An
instrument which, placed against the teeth, conveys sound to the
auditory nerve and enables the deaf to hear more or less
distinctly; a dentiphone.
Au"dit (?), n. [L.
auditus a hearing, fr. audire. See
Audible, a.] 1. An
audience; a hearing. [Obs.]
He appeals to a high audit.
Milton.
2. An examination in general; a judicial
examination.
Specifically: An examination of an account or of accounts,
with the hearing of the parties concerned, by proper officers, or
persons appointed for that purpose, who compare the charges with
the vouchers, examine witnesses, and state the result.
3. The result of such an examination, or an account
as adjusted by auditors; final account.
Yet I can make my audit up.
Shak.
4. A general receptacle or receiver.
[Obs.]
It [a little brook] paid to its common audit no
more than the revenues of a little cloud.
Jer. Taylor.
Audit ale, a kind of ale, brewed at the
English universities, orig. for the day of audit. --
Audit house, Audit room,
an appendage to a cathedral, for the transaction of its
business.
Au"dit (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Audited; p. pr.
& vb. n. Auditing.] To examine
and adjust, as an account or accounts; as, to audit
the accounts of a treasure, or of parties who have a suit
depending in court.
Au"dit, v. i. To settle or adjust an
account.
Let Hocus audit; he knows how the money was
disbursed.
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Au*di"ta que*re"la (?). [L., the
complaint having been heard.] (Law) A writ
which lies for a party against whom judgment is recovered, but to
whom good matter of discharge has subsequently accrued which
could not have been availed of to prevent such judgment.
Wharton.
Au*di"tion (?), n. [L.
auditio.] The act of hearing or listening;
hearing.
Audition may be active or passive; hence the
difference between listening and simple hearing.
Dunglison.
Au"di*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
auditif.] Of or pertaining to hearing;
auditory. [R.]
Cotgrave.
Au"di*tor (?), n. [L.
auditor, fr. audire. See Audible,
a.] 1. A hearer or listener.
Macaulay.
2. A person appointed and authorized to audit or
examine an account or accounts, compare the charges with the
vouchers, examine the parties and witnesses, allow or reject
charges, and state the balance.
3. One who hears judicially, as in an audience
court.
auditors of the treasury and of
the public accounts. The name is also applied to persons employed
to check the accounts of courts, corporations, companies,
societies, and partnerships.
Au`di*to"ri*al (?), a.
Auditory. [R.]
Au`di*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. See
Auditory, n.] The part of a
church, theater, or other public building, assigned to the
audience.
auditorium was
the nave, where hearers stood to be instructed; in monasteries it
was an apartment for the reception of strangers.
Au"di*tor*ship (?), n. The
office or function of auditor.
Au"di*to*ry (?), a. [L.
auditorius.] Of or pertaining to hearing,
or to the sense or organs of hearing; as, the
auditory nerve. See Ear.
Auditory canal (Anat.), the tube
from the auditory meatus or opening of the ear to the
tympanic membrane.
Au"di*to*ry, n. [L.
auditorium.] 1. An assembly of
hearers; an audience.
2. An auditorium.
Udall.
Au"di*tress (?), n. A female
hearer.
Milton.
Au*dit"u*al (?), a.
Auditory. [R.]
Coleridge.
Auf (?), n. [OE.
auph, aulf, fr. Icel. \'belfr
elf. See Elf.] [Also spelt oaf,
ouphe.] A changeling or elf child, --
that is, one left by fairies; a deformed or foolish child; a
simpleton; an oaf. [Obs.]
Drayton.
\'d8Au` fait" (?). [F. Lit., to the deed,
act, or point. Fait is fr. L. factum. See
Fact.] Expert; skillful; well
instructed.
Au*ge"an (?), a. 1.
(Class. Myth.) Of or pertaining to Augeus, king
of Elis, whose stable contained 3000 oxen, and had not been
cleaned for 30 years. Hercules cleansed it in a single day.
2. Hence: Exceedingly filthy or corrupt.
Augean stable (Fig.), an accumulation of
corruption or filth almost beyond the power of man to
remedy.
Au"ger (?), n. [OE.
augoure, nauger, AS. nafeg\'ber,
fr. nafu, nafa, nave of a wheel +
g\'ber spear, and therefore meaning properly and
originally a nave-bore. See Nave (of a wheel) and 2d
Gore, n.] 1. A
carpenter's tool for boring holes larger than those bored by a
gimlet. It has a handle placed crosswise by which it is turned
with both hands. A pod auger is one with a straight
channel or groove, like the half of a bean pod. A screw
auger has a twisted blade, by the spiral groove of which
the chips are discharge.
2. An instrument for boring or perforating soils or
rocks, for determining the quality of soils, or the nature of the
rocks or strata upon which they lie, and for obtaining
water.
Auger bit, a bit with a cutting edge or blade
like that of an anger.
\'d8Au*get" (?), n. [F., dim.
of auge trough, fr. L. alveus hollow, fr.
alvus belly.] (Mining) A priming
tube connecting the charge chamber with the gallery, or place
where the slow match is applied.
Knight.
{ Aught (?), Aucht }
(?), n. [AS. /ht, fr.
\'began to own, p. p. \'behte.]
Property; possession. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Aught (?), n. [OE.
aught, ought, awiht, AS.
\'bewiht, \'be ever + wiht.
\'fb136. See Aye ever, and Whit,
Wight.] Anything; any part.
[Also written ought.]
There failed not aught of any good thing which the
Lord has spoken.
Josh. xxi. 45
But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting.
Addison.
<-- p. 101 -->
Aught (?), adv. At all; in any
degree.
Chaucer.
Au"gite (?), n. [L.
augites, Gr. /, fr. / brightness: cf. F.
augite.] A variety of pyroxene, usually of
a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as
basalt; -- also used instead of the general term
pyroxene.
Au*git"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or like, augite; containing augite as a principal
constituent; as, augitic rocks.
Aug*ment" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Augmented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Augmenting.] [L.
augmentare, fr. augmentum an increase, fr.
augere to increase; perh. akin to Gr. /, /, E.
wax, v., and eke, v.: cf. F.
augmenter.] 1. To enlarge or
increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger;
as, to augment an army by re\'89forcements; rain
augments a stream; impatience augments an
evil.
But their spite still serves
His glory to augment.
Milton.
2. (Gram.) To add an augment to.
Aug*ment", v. i. To increase; to grow
larger, stronger, or more intense; as, a stream
augments by rain.
Aug"ment (?), n. [L.
augmentum: cf. F. augment.]
1. Enlargement by addition; increase.
2. (Gram.) A vowel prefixed, or a
lengthening of the initial vowel, to mark past time, as in Greek
and Sanskrit verbs.
syllabic augment is a
prefixed /, forming an intial syllable; the temporal
augment is an increase of the quantity (time) of an initial
vowel, as by changing / to /.
Aug*ment"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of augmentation.
Walsh.
Aug`men*ta"tion (?), n. [LL.
augmentatio: cf. F. augmentation.]
1. The act or process of augmenting, or making
larger, by addition, expansion, or dilation; increase.
2. The state of being augmented; enlargement.
3. The thing added by way of enlargement.
4. (Her.) A additional charge to a coat
of arms, given as a mark of honor.
Cussans.
5. (Med.) The stage of a disease in
which the symptoms go on increasing.
Dunglison.
6. (Mus.) In counterpoint and fugue, a
repetition of the subject in tones of twice the original
length.
Augmentation court (Eng. Hist.), a
court erected by Stat. 27 Hen. VIII., to augment to
revenues of the crown by the suppression of monasteries. It was
long ago dissolved.
Encyc. Brit.
Syn. -- Increase; enlargement; growth; extension; accession;
addition.
Aug*ment"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
augmentatif.] Having the quality or power
of augmenting; expressing augmentation. --
Aug*ment"a*tive*ly,
adv.
Aug*ment"a*tive, n. (Gram.) A
word which expresses with augmented force the idea or the
properties of the term from which it is derived; as,
dullard, one very dull. Opposed to
diminutive.
Gibbs.
Aug*ment"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, augments or increases anything.
Au"grim (?), n. See
Algorism. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Augrim stones, pebbles formerly used in
numeration. -- Noumbres of Augrim, Arabic
numerals.
Chaucer.
Au"gur (?), n. [L. Of uncertain
origin: the first part of the word is perh. fr. L.
avis bird, and the last syllable, gur,
equiv. to the Skr. gar to call, akin to L.
garrulus garrulous.] 1. (Rom.
Antiq.) An official diviner who foretold events by the
singing, chattering, flight, and feeding of birds, or by signs or
omens derived from celestial phenomena, certain appearances of
quadrupeds, or unusual occurrences.
2. One who foretells events by omens; a soothsayer;
a diviner; a prophet.
Augur of ill, whose tongue was never found
Without a priestly curse or boding sound.
Dryden.
Au"gur, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Augured (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Auguring.] 1. To
conjecture from signs or omens; to prognosticate; to
foreshow.
My auguring mind assures the same success.
Dryden.
2. To anticipate, to foretell, or to indicate a
favorable or an unfavorable issue; as, to augur well
or ill.
Au"gur, v. t. To predict or foretell, as
from signs or omens; to betoken; to presage; to infer.
It seems to augur genius.
Sir W. Scott.
I augur everything from the approbation the
proposal has met with.
J. F. W. Herschel.
Syn. -- To predict; forebode; betoken; portend; presage;
prognosticate; prophesy; forewarn.
Au"gu*ral (?), a. [L.
auguralis.] Of or pertaining to augurs or
to augury; betokening; ominous; significant; as, an
augural staff; augural books.
\'bdPortents augural.\'b8
Cowper.
Au"gu*rate (?), v. t. & i. [L.
auguratus, p. p. of augurari to
augur.] To make or take auguries; to augur; to
predict. [Obs.]
C. Middleton.
Au"gu*rate (?), n. The office
of an augur.
Merivale.
Au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
auguratio.] The practice of augury.
Au"gur*er (?), n. An
augur. [Obs.]
Shak.
Au*gu"ri*al (?), a. [L.
augurialis.] Relating to augurs or to
augury.
Sir T. Browne.
Au"gu*rist (?), n. An
augur. [R.]
An"gur*ize (?), v. t. To
augur. [Obs.]
Blount.
Au"gu*rous (?), a. Full of
augury; foreboding. [Obs.] \'bdAugurous
hearts.\'b8
Chapman.
Au"gur*ship (?), n. The office,
or period of office, of an augur.
Bacon.
Au"gu*ry (?), n.; pl.
Auguries (/). [L.
aucurium.] 1. The art or practice
of foretelling events by observing the actions of birds, etc.;
divination.
2. An omen; prediction; prognostication; indication
of the future; presage.
From their flight strange auguries she drew.
Drayton.
He resigned himself . . . with a docility that gave little
augury of his future greatness.
Prescott.
3. A rite, ceremony, or observation of an
augur.
Au*gust" (?), a. [L.
augustus; cf. augere to increase; in the
language of religion, to honor by offerings: cf. F.
auguste. See Augment.] Of a
quality inspiring mingled admiration and reverence; having an
aspect of solemn dignity or grandeur; sublime; majestic; having
exalted birth, character, state, or authority. \'bdForms
august.\'b8 Pope. \'bdAugust in
visage.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdTo shed that august
blood.\'b8 Macaulay.
So beautiful and so august a spectacle.
Burke.
To mingle with a body so august.
Byron.
Syn. -- Grand; magnificent; majestic; solemn; awful; noble;
stately; dignified; imposing.
Au"gust (?), n. [L.
Augustus. See note below, and August,
a.] The eighth month of the year,
containing thirty-one days.
Sextilis, the
sixth month from March, the month in which the
primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was
changed to August in honor of Augustus C\'91sar, the
first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his
entering on his first consulate in that month.
Au*gus"tan (?), a. [L.
Augustanus, fr. Augustus. See
August, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to Augustus C\'91sar or to his times.
2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg.
Augustan age of any national literature, the
period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so
called because the reign of Augustus C\'91sar was the golden age
of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has
been called the Augustan age of French literature, and
that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of
English literature. -- Augustan confession
(Eccl. Hist.), or confession of Augsburg, drawn up
at Augusta Vindelicorum, or Augsburg, by Luther and
Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants,
and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic
church.
{ Au*gus"tine (?),
Au`gus*tin"i*an (?), } n.
(Eccl.) A member of one of the religious orders
called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.
Au`gus*tin"i*an, a. Of or pertaining to
St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d.
430), or to his doctrines.
Augustinian canons, an order of monks once
popular in England and Ireland; -- called also regular
canons of St. Austin, and black
canons. -- Augustinian hermits or
Austin friars, an order of friars
established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into
the United States from Ireland in 1790. -- Augustinian
nuns, an order of nuns following the rule of St.
Augustine. -- Augustinian rule, a rule for
religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St.
Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders.
<-- sic original was "Regular canons of St. Austin".?? Not St.
Augustine? -->
Au`gus*tin"i*an, n. One of a class of
divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its
nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and
conditionally.
{ Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism (?),
Au*gus"tin*ism }, n. The
doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.
Au*gust"ly, adv. In an august
manner.
Au*gust"ness, n. The quality of being
august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.
Auk (?), n. [Prov. E.
alk; akin to Dan. alke, Icel. & Sw.
alka.] (Zo\'94l.) A name given
to various species of arctic sea birds of the family
Alcid\'91. The great auk, now extinct, is Alca
(. The razor-billed auk is A.
torda. See Puffin, Guillemot, and
Murre.
Auk"ward (?), a. See
Awkward. [Obs.]
Au*la"ri*an (?), a. [L.
aula hall. Cf. LL. aularis of a
court.] Relating to a hall.
Au*la"ri*an, n. At Oxford, England, a
member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.
Chalmers.
Auld (?), a. [See
Old.] Old; as, Auld Reekie (old
smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Auld` lang syne" (?). A Scottish phrase
used in recalling recollections of times long since
past. \'bdThe days of auld lang syne.\'b8
Au*let"ic (?), a. [L.
auleticus, Gr. /, fr. / flute.] Of or
pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper. [R.]
Ash.
Au"lic, a. [L. aulicus, Gr.
/, fr. / hall, court, royal court.] Pertaining to
a royal court.
Ecclesiastical wealth and aulic dignities.
Landor.
Aulic council (Hist.), a supreme
court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the
emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed
by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was
dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the
war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of
different provincial chanceries of that empire are called
aulic councilors.
P. Cyc.
Au"lic, n. The ceremony observed in
conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European
universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed
to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at
the disputation (also called the aulic).
Auln (?), n. An ell.
[Obs.] See Aune.
{ Aul"nage (?), Aul"na*ger
(?), } n. See Alnage and
Alnager.
Aum (?), n. Same as
Aam.
Au*mail" (?), v. t. [OE. for
amel, enamel.] To figure or
variegate. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Aum"bry (?), n. Same as
Ambry.
Au"me*ry (?), n. A form of
Ambry, a closet; but confused with Almonry, as
if a place for alms.
Aun"cel (?), n. A rude balance
for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in
England.
Halliwell.
Aun"cet*ry (?), n.
Ancestry. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Aune (?), n. [F. See
Alnage.] A French cloth measure, of different
parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now
superseded by the meter.
Aunt (?), n. [OF.
ante, F. tante, L. amita
father's sister. Cf. Amma.] 1. The
sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to
nephew or niece. Also applied to an uncle's
wife.
Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or
term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus
related.
2. An old woman; and old gossip.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. A bawd, or a prostitute.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Aunt Sally, a puppet head placed on a pole and
having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying
to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.
Aunt"ter (?), n. Adventure;
hap. [Obs.]
In aunters, perchance.
{ Aun"ter, Aun"tre } (?),
v. t. [See Adventure.] To
venture; to dare. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Aunt"ie, Aunt"y } (?),
n. A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern
United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.
Aun"trous (?), a.
Adventurous. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Au"ra (?), n.; pl.
Aur\'91 (/). [L. aura
air, akin to Gr. /.] 1. Any subtile,
invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance,
as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed
fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.
2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of
a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs
towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or
hysterics.
Electric ~, a supposed electric fluid,
emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass
surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere. See
Atmosphere, 2.
Au"ral (?), a. [L.
aura air.] Of or pertaining to the air, or
to an aura.
Au"ral, a. [L. auris
ear.] Of or pertaining to the ear; as,
aural medicine and surgery.
Au*ran`ti*a"ceous (?), a.
Pertaining to, or resembling, the Aurantiace\'91,
an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the
orange is the type.
Au"rate (?), n. [L.
auratus, p. p. of aurare to gild, fr.
aurum gold: cf. F. aurate.]
(Chem.) A combination of auric acid with a base;
as, aurate or potassium.
Au"ra*ted (?), a. [See
Aurate.] 1. Resembling or containing
gold; gold-colored; gilded.
2. (Chem.) Combined with auric
acid.
Au"ra*ted (?), a. Having ears.
See Aurited.
Au"re*ate (?), a. [L.
aureatus, fr. aureus golden, fr.
aurum gold.] Golden; gilded.
Skelton.
\'d8Au*re"li*a (?; 106), n.
[NL., fr. L. aurum gold: cf. F.
aur\'82lie. Cf. Chrysalis.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The chrysalis, or pupa of
an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that
of some of the butterflies. (b) A genus of
jellyfishes. See Discophora.
Au*re"li*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the aurelia.
Au*re"li*an, n. An amateur collector and
breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a
lepidopterist.
{ \'d8Au*re"o*la (?), Au"re*ole
(?), } n. [F.
aur\'82ole, fr. L. aureola, (fem adj.) of
gold (sc. corona crown), dim. of aureus.
See Aureate, Oriole.] 1.
(R. C. Theol.) A celestial crown or accidental
glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as
virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world,
the flesh, and the devil.
2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which
painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ,
saints, and others held in special reverence.
nimbus; when it envelops the whole body, an
aureola.
Fairholt.
3. A halo, actual or figurative.
The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun
during total eclipses.
Proctor.
The aureole of young womanhood.
O. W. Holmes.
4. (Anat.) See Areola, 2.
Au"ric (?), a. [L.
aurum gold.] 1. Of or pertaining
to gold.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this
element has its higher valence; as, auric oxide;
auric chloride.
Au`ri*chal"ce*ous (?), a. [L.
aurichalcum, for orichalcum brass.]
(Zo\'94l.) Brass-colored.
Au`ri*chal"cite (?), n. [See
Aurichalceous.] (Min.) A hydrous
carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue
crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on
reduction.
Au"ri*cle (?), n. [L.
auricula, dim. of auris ear. See
Ear.] 1. (Anat.) (a)
The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent
from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the
two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and
transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its
resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds.
See Heart.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An angular or ear-shaped
lobe.
3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in
hearing; a kind of ear trumpet.
Mansfield.
Au"ri*cled (?), a. Having
ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; as,
auricled leaves.
\'d8Au*ric"u*la (?), n.; pl. L.
Auricul\'91 (/), E. Auriculas
(/). [L. auricula. See
Auricle.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A
species of Primula, or primrose, called also, from the
shape of its leaves, bear's-ear. (b)
(b) A species of Hirneola (H.
auricula), a membranaceous fungus, called also
auricula Jud\'91, or Jew's-ear.
P. Cyc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A genus of
air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water
is brackish (b) One of the five arched
processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.
<-- p. 102 -->
Au*ric"u*lar (?), a. [LL.
auricularis: cf. F. auriculaire. See
Auricle.] 1. Of or pertaining to the
ear, or to the sense of hearing; as, auricular
nerves.
2. Told in the ear, i. e., told privately;
as, auricular confession to the priest.
This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and
the strangest . . . that ever was auricular.
Milton.
3. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of
hearing; as, auricular evidence.
\'bdAuricular assurance.\'b8
Shak.
4. Received by the ear; known by report.
\'bdAuricular traditions.\'b8
Bacon.
5. (Anat.) Pertaining to the auricles of
the heart.
Auricular finger, the little finger; so called
because it can be readily introduced into the ear
passage.
\'d8Au*ric`u*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[Neut. pl., fr. LL. auricularis.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of holothurian larva, with
soft, blunt appendages. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Au*ric"u*lar*ly, adv. In an auricular
manner.
Au*ric"u*lars (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) A circle of feathers surrounding the
opening of the ear of birds.
{ Au*ric"u*late (?),
Au*ric"u*la`ted (?), } a.
[See Auricle.] (Biol.) Having
ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: (a)
(Bot.) Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped
like the ear; auricled. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Having
an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve
shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.
Auriculate leaf, one having small appended
leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.
Au*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
aurifer; aurum gold + ferre to
bear: cf. F. aurif\'8are.] Gold-bearing;
containing or producing gold.
Whence many a bursting stream auriferous plays.
Thomson.
\'f7 pyrites, iron pyrites (iron disulphide),
containing some gold disseminated through it.
Au"ri*flamme (?), n. See
Oriflamme.
Au"ri*form (?), a. [L.
auris ear + -form.] Having the
form of the human ear; ear-shaped.
\'d8Au*ri"ga (?), n. [L.,
charioteer.] (Anat.) The Charioteer, or
Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated
between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star
Capella.
Au*ri"gal (?), a. [L.
aurigalis.] Of or pertaining to a
chariot. [R.]
Au`ri*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
aurigatio, fr. aurigare to be a charioteer,
fr. auriga.] The act of driving a chariot
or a carriage. [R.]
De Quincey.
Au*rig"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
aurum gold + -graphy.] The art
of writing with or in gold.
Au"rin (?), n. [L.
aurum gold.] (Chem.) A red
coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in commerce,
yellow coralin.
Au`ri*phryg"i*ate (?), a. [LL.
auriphrigiatus; L. aurum gold + LL.
phrygiare to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with
embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf.
Orfrays.] Embroidered or decorated with
gold. [R.]
Southey.
Au`ri*pig"ment (?), n. See
Orpiment. [Obs.]
Au"ri*scalp (?), n. [L.
auris ear + scalpere to scrape.]
An earpick.
Au"ri*scope (?), n. [L.
auris + -scope.] (Med.)
An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.
Au*ris"co*py (?), n.
Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.
Au"rist (?), n. [L.
auris ear.] One skilled in treating and
curing disorders of the ear.
Au"ri*ted (?), a. [L.
auritus, fr. auris ear.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having lobes like the ear;
auriculate.
Au*riv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
aurum gold + vorare to devour.]
Gold-devouring. [R.]
H. Walpole.
Au`ro*ceph"a*lous (?), a.
[Aurum + cephalous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having a gold-colored head.
Au`ro*chlo"ride (?), n.
[Aurum + chloride.]
(Chem.) The trichloride of gold combination with
the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; --
called also chloraurate.
Au"rochs (?), n. [G.
auerochs, OHG. /rohso; /r
(cf. AS. /r) + ohso ox, G.
ochs. Cf. Owre, Ox.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European bison (Bison
bonasus, or Europ\'91us), once widely distributed, but now
nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests,
and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of
C\'91sar, with which it has often been confused.
Au`ro*cy"a*nide (?), n.
[Aurum + cyanide.]
(Chem.) A double cyanide of gold and some other
metal or radical; -- called also
cyanaurate.
Au*ro"ra (?), n.; pl. E.
Auroras (/), L. (rarely used)
Auror\'91 (/). [L.
aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. /, /,
dawn, Skr. ushas, and E. east.]
1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of
day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.
2. The rise, dawn, or beginning.
Hawthorne.
3. (Class. Myth.) The Roman
personification of the dawn of day; the goddess of the morning.
The poets represented her a rising out of the ocean, in a
chariot, with rosy fingers dropping gentle dew.
4. (Bot.) A species of crowfoot.
Johnson.
5. The aurora borealis or aurora australis
(northern or southern lights).
Aurora borealis (/), i. e.,
northern daybreak; popularly called northern lights.
A luminous meteoric phenomenon, visible only at night, and
supposed to be of electrical origin. This species of light
usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a
dusky line or bank, a few degrees above the northern horizon;
when reaching south beyond the zenith, it forms what is called
the corona, about a spot in the heavens toward which
the dipping needle points. Occasionally the aurora appears as an
arch of light across the heavens from east to west. Sometimes it
assumes a wavy appearance, and the streams of light are then
called merry dancers. They assume a variety of colors,
from a pale red or yellow to a deep red or blood color. The
Aurora australis (/) is a corresponding
phenomenon in the southern hemisphere, the streams of light
ascending in the same manner from near the southern
horizon.
Au*ro"ral (?), a. Belonging to,
or resembling, the aurora (the dawn or the northern lights);
rosy.
Her cheeks suffused with an auroral blush.
Longfellow.
Au"rous (?), a. 1.
Containing gold.
2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived
from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this
element has its lower valence; as, aurous
oxide.
\'d8Au"rum (?), n. [L.]
Gold.
Aurum fulminans (/). See
Fulminate. -- Aurum mosaicum (/).
See Mosaic.
Aus*cult" (?), v. i. & t. To
auscultate.
Aus"cul*tate (?), v. i. & t. To
practice auscultation; to examine by auscultation.
Aus`cul*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
ausculcatio, fr. auscultare to listen, fr.
a dim. of auris, orig. ausis, ear. See
Auricle, and cf. Scout, n.]
1. The act of listening or hearkening to.
Hickes.
2. (Med.) An examination by listening
either directly with the ear (immediate auscultation) applied to
parts of the body, as the abdomen; or with the stethoscope
(mediate ~), in order to distinguish sounds recognized as a sign
of health or of disease.
Aus"cul*ta`tor (?), n. One who
practices auscultation.
Aus*cul"ta*to*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to auscultation.
Dunglison.
Au*so"ni*an (?), a. [L.
Ausonia, poetic name for Italy.]
Italian.
Milton.
Aus"pi*cate (?), a. [L.
auspicatus, p. p. of auspicari to take
auspices, fr. auspex a bird seer, an augur, a contr.
of avispex; avis bird + specere,
spicere, to view. See Aviary,
Spy.] Auspicious. [Obs.]
Holland.
Aus"pi*cate (?), v. t. 1.
To foreshow; to foretoken. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. To give a favorable turn to in commencing; to
inaugurate; -- a sense derived from the Roman practice of taking
the auspicium, or inspection of birds, before
undertaking any important business.
They auspicate all their proceedings.
Burke.
Aus"pice (?), n.; pl.
Auspices (/). [L.
auspicium, fr. auspex: cf. F.
auspice. See Auspicate, a.]
1. A divining or taking of omens by observing
birds; an omen as to an undertaking, drawn from birds; an augury;
an omen or sign in general; an indication as to the future.
2. Protection; patronage and care; guidance.
Which by his auspice they will nobler make.
Dryden.
auspices; as, under the auspices of the
king.
Aus*pi"cial (?), a. Of or
pertaining to auspices; auspicious. [R.]
Aus*pi"cious (?), a. [See
Auspice.] 1. Having omens or tokens
of a favorable issue; giving promise of success, prosperity, or
happiness; predicting good; as, an auspicious
beginning.
Auspicious union of order and freedom.
Macaulay.
2. Prosperous; fortunate; as,
auspicious years. \'bdAuspicious
chief.\'b8
Dryden.
3. Favoring; favorable; propitious; -- applied to
persons or things. \'bdThy auspicious
mistress.\'b8 Shak. \'bdAuspicious gales.\'b8
Pope.
Syn. -- See Propitious.
-- Aus*pi"cious*ly, adv. --
Aus*pi"cious*ness, n.
\'d8Aus"ter (?), n. [L.
auster a dry, hot, south wind; the south.]
The south wind.
Pope.
Aus*tere" (?), [F. aust\'8are,
L. austerus, fr. Gr. /, fr. / to parch, dry. Cf.
Sear.] 1. Sour and astringent; rough
to the state; having acerbity; as, an austere crab
apple; austere wine.
2. Severe in modes of judging, or living, or
acting; rigid; rigorous; stern; as, an austere man,
look, life.
From whom the austere Etrurian virtue rose.
Dryden.
3. Unadorned; unembellished; severely simple.
Syn. -- Harsh; sour; rough; rigid; stern; severe; rigorous;
strict.
Aus*tere"ly, adv. Severely; rigidly;
sternly.
A doctrine austerely logical.
Macaulay.
Aus*tere"ness, n. 1. Harshness
or astringent sourness to the taste; acerbity.
Johnson.
2. Severity; strictness; austerity.
Shak.
Aus*ter"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Austplwies (/). [F.
aust\'82rit\'82, L. austerias, fr.
austerus. See Austere.] 1.
Sourness and harshness to the taste.
[Obs.]
Horsley.
2. Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or
strictness; harsh discipline.
The austerity of John the Baptist.
Milton.
3. Plainness; freedom from adornment; severe
simplicity.
Partly owing to the studied austerity of her dress,
and partly to the lack of demonstration in her manners.
Hawthorne.
Aus"tin (?), a. Augustinian;
as, Austin friars.
Aus"tral (?), a. [L.
australis, fr. auster: cf. F.
austral.] Southern; lying or being in the
south; as, austral land; austral
ocean.
Austral signs (Astron.), the last
six signs of the zodiac, or those south of the equator.
Aus`tral*a"sian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Australasia; as, Australasian
regions. -- n. A native or an
inhabitant of Australasia.
Aus*tra"li*an (?), a. [From L.
Terra Australis southern land.] Of or
pertaining to Australia. -- n. A
native or an inhabitant of Australia.
Aus"tral*ize (?), v. i. [See
Austral.] To tend toward the south pole, as a
magnet. [Obs.]
They [magnets] do septentrionate at one extreme, and
australize at another.
Sir T. Browne.
Aus"tri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Austria, or to its inhabitants. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Austria.
Aus"trine (?), n. [L.
austrinus, from auster south.]
Southern; southerly; austral. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Aus"tro-Hun*ga"ri*an (?), a. Of
or pertaining to the monarchy composed of Austria and
Hungary.
Aus"tro*man`cy (?), n. [L.
auster south wind + -mancy.]
Soothsaying, or prediction of events, from observation of
the winds.
Au"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. /
independence; / self + / to be sufficient.]
Self-sufficiency. [Obs.]
Milton.
Au*then"tic (?), a. [OE.
autentik, OF. autentique, F.
authentique, L. authenticus coming from the
real author, of original or firsthand authority, from Gr. /,
fr. / suicide, a perpetrator or real author of any act, an
absolute master; / self + a form / (not found), akin to L.
sons and perh. orig. from the p. pr. of /
to be, root as, and meaning the one it really
is. See Am, Sin, n., and cf.
Effendi.] 1. Having a genuine
original or authority, in opposition to that which is false,
fictitious, counterfeit, or apocryphal; being what it purports to
be; genuine; not of doubtful origin; real; as, an
authentic paper or register.
To be avenged
On him who had stole Jove's authentic fire.
Milton.
2. Authoritative. [Obs.]
Milton.
3. Of approved authority; true; trustworthy;
credible; as, an authentic writer; an
authentic portrait; authentic
information.
4. (Law) Vested with all due
formalities, and legally attested.
5. (Mus.) Having as immediate relation
to the tonic, in distinction from plagal, which has a
correspondent relation to the dominant in the octave below the
tonic.
Syn. -- Authentic, Genuine.
These words, as here compared, have reference to historical
documents. We call a document genuine when it can be
traced back ultimately to the author or authors from whom it
professes to emanate. Hence, the word has the meaning, \'bdnot
changed from the original, uncorrupted, unadulterated:\'b8 as, a
genuine text. We call a document authentic
when, on the ground of its being thus traced back, it may be
relied on as true and authoritative (from the primary sense of
\'bdhaving an author, vouched for\'b8); hence its extended
signification, in general literature, of trustworthy, as resting
on unquestionable authority or evidence; as, an
authentic history; an authentic report of
facts.
A genuine book is that which was written by the
person whose name it bears, as the author of it. An
authentic book is that which relates matters of fact
as they really happened. A book may be genuine without
being, authentic, and a book may be
authentic without being genuine.
Bp. Watson.
It may be said, however, that some writers use
authentic (as, an authentic document) in
the sense of \'bdproduced by its professed author, not
counterfeit.\'b8
Au*then"tic, n. An original (book or
document). [Obs.] \'bdAuthentics
and transcripts.\'b8
Fuller.
Au*then"tic*al (?), a.
Authentic. [Archaic]
Au*then"tic*al*ly, adv. In an authentic
manner; with the requisite or genuine authority.
Au*then*tic*al*ness, n. The quality of
being authentic; authenticity. [R.]
Barrow.
Au*then"ti*cate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Authenticated
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Authenticating (/).] [Cf. LL.
authenticare.] 1. To render
authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or
formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to
credit.
The king serves only as a notary to authenticate
the choice of judges.
Burke.
2. To prove authentic; to determine as real and
true; as, to authenticate a portrait.
Walpole.
Au`then*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. authenticit\'82.] 1. The
quality of being authentic or of established authority for truth
and correctness.
2. Genuineness; the quality of being genuine or not
corrupted from the original.
authenticity is often restricted in
its use to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished
from qenuineness.
Au*then"tic*ly (?), adv.
Authentically.
Au*then"tic*ness, n. The quality of
being authentic; authenticity. [R.]
Hammond.
Au*then"tics (?), n. (Ciwil
Law) A collection of the Novels or New Constitutions
of Justinian, by an anonymous author; -- so called on account of
its authencity.
Bouvier.
Au"thor (?), n. [OE.
authour, autour, OF. autor, F.
auteur, fr. L. auctor, sometimes, but
erroneously, written autor or author, fr.
augere to increase, to produce. See Auction,
n.] 1. The beginner, former, or
first mover of anything; hence, the efficient cause of a thing; a
creator; an originator.
<-- p. 103 -->
Eternal King; thee, Author of all being.
Milton.
2. One who composes or writers a book; a composer,
as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
The chief glory every people arises from its
authors.
Johnson.
3. The editor of a periodical.
[Obs.]
4. An informant. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
Au"thor (?), v. t. 1.
To occasion; to originate. [Obs.]
Such an overthrow . . . I have authored.
Chapman.
2. To tell; to say; to declare.
[Obs.]
More of him I dare not author.
Massinger.
Au"thor*ess, n. A female author.
Glover.
author
being commonly applied to a female writer as well as to a
male.
Au*tho"ri*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to an author. \'bdThe authorial
/we.'\'b8
Hare.
Au"thor*ism (?), n.
Authoriship. [R.]
Au*thor"i*ta*tive (?), a.
1. Having, or proceeding from, due authority;
entitled to obedience, credit, or acceptance; determinate;
commanding.
The sacred functions of authoritative teaching.
Barrow.
2. Having an air of authority; positive;
dictatorial; peremptory; as, an authoritative
tone.
The mock authoritative manner of the one, and the
insipid mirth of the other.
Swift.
-- Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ly, adv --
Au*thor"i*ta*tive*ness, n.
Au*thor"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Authorities (/). [OE.
autorite, auctorite, F.
autorit\'82, fr. L. auctoritas, fr.
auctor. See Author, n.]
1. Legal or rightful power; a right to command or
to act; power exercised buy a person in virtue of his office or
trust; dominion; jurisdiction; authorization; as, the
authority of a prince over subjects, and of parents over
children; the authority of a court.
Thus can the demigod, Authority,
Make us pay down for our offense.
Shak.
By what authority doest thou these things ?
Matt. xxi. 23.
2. Government; the persons or the body exercising
power or command; as, the local authorities of the
States; the military authorities.
[Chiefly in the plural.]
3. The power derived from opinion, respect, or
esteem; influence of character, office, or station, or mental or
moral superiority, and the like; claim to be believed or obeyed;
as, an historian of no authority; a magistrate of
great authority.
4. That which, or one who, is claimed or appealed
to in support of opinions, actions, measures, etc. Hence:
(a) Testimony; witness. \'bdAnd on that high
authority had believed.\'b8 Milton.
(b) A precedent; a decision of a court, an official
declaration, or an opinion, saying, or statement worthy to be
taken as a precedent. (c) A book containing
such a statement or opinion, or the author of the book.
(d) Justification; warrant.
Wilt thou be glass wherein it shall discern
Authority for sin, warrant for blame.
Shak.
Au"thor*i`za*ble (?), a. [LL.
authorisabilis.] Capable of being
authorized.
Hammond.
Au`thor*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. autorisation.] The act of giving
authority or legal power; establishment by authority; sanction or
warrant.
The authorization of laws.
Motley.
A special authorization from the chief.
Merivale.
Au"thor*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Authorized
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Authorizing.] [OE. autorize,
F. autoriser, fr. LL. auctorizare,
authorisare. See Author.] 1.
To clothe with authority, warrant, or legal power; to give a
right to act; to empower; as, to authorize
commissioners to settle a boundary.
2. To make legal; to give legal sanction to; to
legalize; as, to authorize a marriage.
3. To establish by authority, as by usage or public
opinion; to sanction; as, idioms authorized by
usage.
4. To sanction or confirm by the authority of some
one; to warrant; as, to authorize a
report.
A woman's story at a winter's fire,
Authorized by her grandam.
Shak.
5. To justify; to furnish a ground for.
Locke.
To ~ one's self, to rely for authority.
[Obs.]
Authorizing himself, for the most part, upon other
histories.
Sir P. Sidney.
Au"thor*ized (?), a. 1.
Possessed of or endowed with authority; as, an
authorized agent.
2. Sanctioned by authority.
The Authorized Version of the Bible is the
English translation of the Bible published in 1611 under sanction
of King James I. It was \'bdappointed to be read in churches,\'b8
and has been the accepted English Bible. The Revised Version was
published in a complete form in 1855.
Au"thor*i`zer (?), n. One who
authorizes.
Au"thor*less, a. Without an author;
without authority; anonymous.
Au"thor*ly, a. Authorial.
[R.]
Cowper.
Au"thor*ship, n. 1. The quality
or state of being an author; function or dignity of an
author.
2. Source; origin; origination; as, the
authorship of a book or review, or of an act, or state
of affairs.
Au"tho*type (?), n. A type or
block containing a facsimile of an autograph.
Knight.
Au"to- (/). [Gr. / self.] A
combining form, with the meaning of self, one's
self, one's own, itself, its
own.
Au`to*bi*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[Auto- + biographer.] One
who writers his own life or biography.
{ Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic (?),
Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al (?), }
a. Pertaining to, or containing, autobiography;
as, an autobiographical sketch. \'bdSuch
traits of the autobiographic sort.\'b8
Carlyle. --
Au`to*bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Au`to*bi*og"ra*phist (?), n.
One who writes his own life; an autobiographer.
[R.]
Au`to*bi*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl.
Autobiographies (/). [Auto-
+ biography.] A biography written by the
subject of it; memoirs of one's life written by one's self.
{ Au`to*car"pous (?),
Au`to*car"pi*an (?), } a.
[Auto- + Gr. / fruit.] (Bot.)
Consisting of the pericarp of the ripened pericarp with no
other parts adnate to it, as a peach, a poppy capsule, or a
grape.
Au`to*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Gr.
/ independent; / self + / head.] (Eccl.
Hist.) Having its own head; independent of episcopal
or patriarchal jurisdiction, as certain Greek churches.
Au`to*chron"o*graph (?), n.
[Auto- + chronograph.] An
instrument for the instantaneous self-recording or printing of
time.
Knight.
Au*toch"thon (?), n.; pl. E.
Authochthons (/), L.
Autochthones (/). [L., fr. Gr.
/, pl. /, from the land itself; / self + / earth,
land.] 1. One who is supposed to rise or
spring from the ground or the soil he inhabits; one of the
original inhabitants or aborigines; a native; -- commonly in the
plural. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks,
particularly the Athenians.
2. That which is original to a particular country,
or which had there its origin.
{ Au*toch"tho*nal (?),
Au`thoch*thon"ic (?), Au*toch"tho*nous
(?), } a. Aboriginal; indigenous;
native.
Au*toch"tho*nism (?), n. The
state of being autochthonal.
Au*toch"tho*ny, n. An aboriginal or
autochthonous condition.
Au"to*clave (?), n. [F., fr.
Gr. / self + L. clavis key.] A kind of
French stewpan with a steamtight lid.
Knight.
Au*toc"ra*cy (?), n.; pl.
Autocracies. [Gr. /: cf. F.
autocratie. See Autocrat.] 1.
Independent or self-derived power; absolute or controlling
authority; supremacy.
The divine will moves, not by the external impulse or
inclination of objects, but determines itself by an absolute
autocracy.
South.
2. Supreme, uncontrolled, unlimited authority, or
right of governing in a single person, as of an autocrat.
3. Political independence or absolute sovereignty
(of a state); autonomy.
Barlow.
4. (Med.) The action of the vital
principle, or of the instinctive powers, toward the preservation
of the individual; also, the vital principle. [In
this sense, written also autocrasy.]
Dunglison.
Au"to*crat (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ self + / strength, / strong: cf. F. autocrate.
See Hard, a.] 1. An absolute
sovereign; a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of
government by claim of absolute right, not subject to
restriction; as, Autocrat of all the Russias (a
title of the Czar).
2. One who rules with undisputed sway in any
company or relation; a despot.
The autocrat of the breakfast table.
Holmes.
{ Au`to*crat"ic (?),
Au`to*crat"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute;
holding independent and arbitrary powers of government. --
Au`to*crat"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Au*toc"ra*tor (?), n. [Gr.
/.] An autocrat. [Archaic]
Au`to*cra*tor"ic*al (?), a.
Pertaining to an autocrator; absolute.
[Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
\'d8Au*toc"ra*trix (?), n.
[NL.] A female sovereign who is independent and
absolute; -- a title given to the empresses of Russia.
Au"to*crat*ship (?), n. The
office or dignity of an autocrat.
\'d8Au"to-da-f\'82" (?), n.;
pl. Autos-da-f\'82 (/). [Pg., act
of the faith; auto act, fr. L. actus +
da of the + f\'82 faith, fr. L.
fides.] 1. A judgment of the
Inquisition in Spain and Portugal condemning or acquitting
persons accused of religious offenses.
2. An execution of such sentence, by the civil
power, esp. the burning of a heretic. It was usually held on
Sunday, and was made a great public solemnity by impressive forms
and ceremonies.
3. A session of the court of Inquisition.
\'d8Au"to-de-fe" (?), n.; pl.
Autos-de-fe. [Sp., act of faith.]
Same as Auto-da-f\'82.
Au"to*di*dact` (?), n. [Gr. /
self-taught.] One who is self-taught; an
automath.
Au`to*dy*nam"ic (?), a.
[Auto- + dynamic.]
Supplying its own power; -- applied to an instrument of the
nature of a water-ram.
Au`to*fec`un*da"tion (?), n.
[Auto- + fecundation.]
(Biol.) Self-impregnation.
Darwin.
Au*tog"a*mous (?), a.
(Bot.) Characterized by autogamy;
self-fertilized.
Au*tog"a*my (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / marriage.]
(Bot.) Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen
being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted
upon.
Au`to*ge"ne*al (?), a.
Self-produced; autogenous.
\'d8Au`to*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Auto- + genesis.]
(Biol.) Spontaneous generation.
Au`to*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to autogenesis;
self-generated.
Au*tog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ self + root of / to be born.] 1.
(Biol.) Self-generated; produced
independently.
2. (Anat.) Developed from an independent
center of ossification.
Owen.
Autogenous soldering, the junction by fusion
of the joining edges of metals without the intervention of
solder.
Au*tog"e*nous*ly (?), adv. In
an autogenous manner; spontaneously.
Au"to*graph (?), n. [F.
autographe, fr. Gr. / autographic; / self + / to
write.] That which is written with one's own hand; an
original manuscript; a person's own signature or
handwriting.
Au"to*graph (?), a. In one's
own handwriting; as, an autograph letter; an
autograph will.
Au*tog"ra*phal (?), a.
Autographic. [Obs.]
{ Au`to*graph"ic (?),
Au`to*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
1. Pertaining to an autograph, or one's own
handwriting; of the nature of an autograph.
2. Pertaining to, or used in, the process of
autography; as, autographic ink, paper, or
press.
Au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
autographie.] 1. The science of
autographs; a person's own handwriting; an autograph.
2. A process in lithography by which a writing or
drawing is transferred from paper to stone.
Ure.
Au*tol"a*try (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / worship.]
Self-worship.
Farrar.
Au"to*math (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ self + /, /, to learn.] One who is
self-taught. [R.]
Young.
{ Au`to*mat"ic (?),
Au`to*mat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. automatique. See
Automaton.] 1. Having an inherent
power of action or motion.
Nothing can be said to be automatic.
Sir H. Davy.
2. Pertaining to, or produced by, an automaton; of
the nature of an automaton; self-acting or self-regulating under
fixed conditions; -- esp. applied to machinery or devices in
which certain things formerly or usually done by hand are done by
the machine or device itself; as, the automatic feed
of a lathe; automatic gas lighting; an
automatic engine or switch; an automatic
mouse.
3. Not voluntary; not depending on the will;
mechanical; as, automatic movements or
functions.
Unconscious or automatic reasoning.
H. Spenser.
Automatic arts, such economic arts or
manufacture as are carried on by self-acting machinery.
Ure.
Au`to*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In an automatic
manner.
Au*tom"a*tism (?), n. The state
or quality of being automatic; the power of self-moving;
automatic, mechanical, or involuntary action.
(Metaph.) A theory as to the activity of matter.
Au*tom"a*ton (?), n.; pl. L.
Automata (/), E. Automatons
(/). [L. fr. Gr. /, neut. of /
self-moving; / self + a root ma, man, to
strive, think, cf. / to strive. See Mean, v.
i.] 1. Any thing or being regarded as
having the power of spontaneous motion or action.
Huxley.
So great and admirable an automaton as the
world.
Boyle.
These living automata, human bodies.
Boyle.
2. A self-moving machine, or one which has its
motive power within itself; -- applied chiefly to machines which
appear to imitate spontaneously the motions of living beings,
such as men, birds, etc.
Au*tom"a*tous (?), a. [L.
automatus, Gr. /. See Automaton.]
Automatic. [Obs.]
\'bdAutomatous organs.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Au`to*mor"phic (?), a.
[Auto- + Gr. / for, shape.]
Patterned after one's self.
The conception which any one frames of another's mind is more
or less after the pattern of his own mind, -- is
automorphic.
H. Spenser.
Au`to*mor"phism (?), n.
Automorphic characterization.
H. Spenser.
Au`to*nom"a*sy (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / a name, fr. / a name; or for
E. antonomasia.] (Rhet.) The use
of a word of common or general signification for the name of a
particular thing; as, \'bdHe has gone to town,\'b8
for, \'bdHe has gone to London.\'b8
Au`to*nom"ic (?), a. Having the
power of self-government; autonomous.
Hickok.
Au"to"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F.
automiste. See Autonomy.] One who
advocates autonomy.
Au*ton"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. /;
/ self + / to assign, hold, sway.] 1.
Independent in government; having the right or power of
self-government.
2. (Biol.) Having independent existence
or laws.
Au*ton"o*my (?), n. [Gr. /:
cf. F. autonomie. See Autonomous.]
1. The power or right of self-government;
self-government, or political independence, of a city or a
state.
2. (Metaph.) The sovereignty of reason
in the sphere of morals; or man's power, as possessed of reason,
to give law to himself. In this, according to Kant, consist the
true nature and only possible proof of liberty.
Fleming.
\'d8Au*toph"a*gi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / self + / to eat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Birds which are able to run about and
obtain their own food as soon as hatched.
Au*toph"o*by (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / fear.] Fear of one's
self; fear of being egotistical. [R.]
Hare.
Au*toph"o*ny (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / a sound.]
(Med.) An auscultatory process, which consists in
noting the tone of the observer's own voice, while he speaks,
holding his head close to the patient's chest.
Dunglison.
Au`to*plas"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to autoplasty.
Au"to*plas`ty (?), n.
[Auto- + -plasty.]
(Surg.) The process of artificially repairing
lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a
neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or
wounds.
{ Au*top"sic (?), Au*top"sic*al
(?), } a. Pertaining to autopsy;
autoptical. [Obs.]
Au*top"so*rin (?), n.
[Auto- + Gr. / the itch.]
(Med.) That which is given under the doctrine of
administering a patient's own virus.
Au"top*sy (?), n. [Gr. /, fr.
/ seen by one's self; / self + / seen: cf. F.
autopsie. See Optic, a.]
1. Personal observation or examination; seeing with
one's own eyes; ocular view.
By autopsy and experiment.
Cudworth.
2. (Med.) Dissection of a dead body, for
the purpose of ascertaining the cause, seat, or nature of a
disease; a post-mortem examination.
{ Au*top"tic (?), Au*top"tic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. /: cf. F.
autoptique.] Seen with one's own eyes;
belonging to, or connected with, personal observation; as,
autoptic testimony or experience.
<-- p. 104 -->
Au*top"tic*al*ly (?), adv. By
means of ocular view, or one's own observation.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Au`to*sche`di*as"tic (?),
Au`to*sche`di*as"tic*al (?), }
a. [Auto- + Gr. / to do hastily.
See Schediasm.] Extemporary;
offhand. [R.]
Dean Martin.
Au`to*styl"ic (?), a.
[Auto- + Gr. / pillar.]
(Anat.) Having the mandibular arch articulated
directly to the cranium, as in the skulls of the Amphibia.
Au"to*the`ism (?), n.
[Auto- + theism.] 1. The
doctrine of God's self-existence. [R.]
2. Deification of one's self; self-worship.
[R.]
Au"to*the`ist, n. One given to
self-worship. [R.]
Au"to*type (?), n.
[Auto- + -type: cf. F.
autotype.] 1. A facsimile.
2. A photographic picture produced in sensitized
pigmented gelatin by exposure to light under a negative; and
subsequent washing out of the soluble parts; a kind of picture in
ink from a gelatin plate.
Au`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Auto- + typography.] A
process resembling \'bdnature printing,\'b8 by which drawings
executed on gelatin are impressed into a soft metal plate, from
which the printing is done as from copperplate.
Au*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or
process of making autotypes.
Au"tumn (?), n. [L.
auctumnus, autumnus, perh. fr. a root
av to satisfy one's self: cf. F. automne.
See Avarice.] 1. The third season of
the year, or the season between summer and winter, often called
\'bdthe fall.\'b8 Astronomically, it begins in the northern
temperate zone at the autumnal equinox, about September 23, and
ends at the winter solstice, about December 23; but in popular
language, autumn, in America, comprises September, October, and
November.
autumn
popularly comprises August, September, and October. In the
southern hemisphere, the autumn corresponds to our
spring.
2. The harvest or fruits of autumn.
Milton.
3. The time of maturity or decline; latter portion;
third stage.
Dr. Preston was now entering into the autumn of the
duke's favor.
Fuller.
Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge.
Wordsworth.
Au*tum"nal (?), a. [L.
auctumnalis, autumnalis: cf. F.
automnal.] 1. Of, belonging to, or
peculiar to, autumn; as, an autumnal tint; produced
or gathered in autumn; as, autumnal fruits;
flowering in autumn; as, an autumnal
plant.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks
In Vallombrosa.
Milton.
2. Past the middle of life; in the third
stage.
An autumnal matron.
Hawthorne.
Autumnal equinox, the time when the sun
crosses the equator, as it proceeds southward, or when it passes
the ~ point. -- \'f7 point, the point of the
equator intersected by the ecliptic, as the sun proceeds
southward; the first point of Libra. -- \'f7
signs, the signs Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius,
through which the sun passes between the ~ equinox and winter
solstice.
Aux`a*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ to cause to increase + -meter.] An
instrument to measure the growth of plants.
Goodale.
\'d8Aux*e"sis (?), n. [NL., Gr.
/ increase, fr. /, /, to increase.]
(Rhet.) A figure by which a grave and magnificent
word is put for the proper word; amplification; hyperbole.
Aux*et"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/.] Pertaining to, or containing, auxesis;
amplifying.
Aux*il"iar (?; 106), a. [L.
auxiliaris: cf. F. auxiliaire. See
Auxiliary.] Auxiliary.
[Archaic]
The auxiliar troops and Trojan hosts appear.
Pope.
Aux*il"iar, n. An auxiliary.
[Archaic]
Milton.
Aux*il"iar*ly, adv. By way of
help.
Harris.
Aux*il"ia*ry (?; 106), a. [L.
auxiliarius, fr. auxilium help, aid, fr.
augere to increase.] Conferring aid or
help; helping; aiding; assisting; subsidiary; as
auxiliary troops.
Auxiliary scales (Mus.), the scales
of relative or attendant keys. See under Attendant,
a. -- Auxiliary verbs
(Gram.). See Auxiliary, n.,
3.
Aux*il"ia*ry, n.; pl.
Auxiliaries (/). 1. A
helper; an assistant; a confederate in some action or
enterprise.
2. (Mil.) pl. Foreign
troops in the service of a nation at war; (rarely in
sing.), a member of the allied or subsidiary
force.
3. (Gram.) A verb which helps to form
the voices, modes, and tenses of other verbs; -- called, also, an
auxiliary verb; as, have, be,
may, can, do, must,
shall, and will, in English; \'88tre
and avoir, in French; avere and
essere, in Italian; estar and haber,
in Spanish.
4. (Math.) A quantity introduced for the
purpose of simplifying or facilitating some operation, as in
equations or trigonometrical formul\'91.
Math. Dict.
Aux*il"ia*to*ry (?), a.
Auxiliary; helping. [Obs.]
\'d8A"va (?), n. Same as
Kava.
Johnston.
Av`a*da*vat" (?), n. Same as
Amadavat.
A*vail" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Availed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Availing.]
[OE. availen, fr. F. / (L. ad) +
valoir to be worth, fr. L. valere to be
strong, to be worth. See Valiant.] 1.
To turn to the advantage of; to be of service to; to profit;
to benefit; to help; as, artifices will not avail
the sinner in the day of judgment.
O, what avails me now that honor high !
Milton.
2. To promote; to assist. [Obs.]
Pope.
To avail one's self of, to make use of; take
advantage of.
Then shall they seek to avail themselves of
names.
Milton.
I have availed myself of the very first
opportunity.
Dickens.
A*vail", v. i. To be of use or
advantage; to answer the purpose; to have strength, force, or
efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object; as, the plea in
bar must avail, that is, be sufficient to defeat the
suit; this scheme will not avail; medicines will not
avail to check the disease. \'bdWhat signs
avail ?\'b8
Milton.
Words avail very little with me, young man.
Sir W. Scott.
A*vail" (?), n. 1.
Profit; advantage toward success; benefit; value; as,
labor, without economy, is of little avail.
The avail of a deathbed repentance.
Jer. Taylor.
2. pl. Proceeds; as, the
avails of a sale by auction.
The avails of their own industry.
Stoddard.
Syn. -- Use; benefit; utility; profit; service.
A*vail", v. t. & i. See Avale,
v. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*vail`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Availabilities (/). 1.
The quality of being available; availableness.
He was . . . nominated for his availability.
Lowell.
2. That which is available.
A*vail"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, for the object;
effectual; valid; as, an available plea.
[Obs.]
Laws human are available by consent.
Hooker.
2. Such as one may avail one's self of; capable of
being used for the accomplishment of a purpose; usable;
profitable; advantageous; convertible into a resource; as, an
available measure; an available
candidate.
Struggling to redeem, as he did, the available
months and days out of so many that were unavailable.
Carlyle.
Having no available funds with which to pay the
calls on new shares.
H. Spenser.
A*vail"a*ble*ness, n. 1.
Competent power; validity; efficacy; as, the
availableness of a title. [Obs.]
2. Quality of being available; capability of being
used for the purpose intended.
Sir M. Hale.
A*vai"a*bly, adv. In an available
manner; profitably; advantageously; efficaciously.
A*vail"ment (?), n. Profit;
advantage. [Obs.]
Av"a*lanche` (?; 277), n. [F.
avalanche, fr. avaler to descend, to let
down, from aval down, downward; / (L. ad)
+ val, L. vallis, valley. See
Valley.] 1. A large mass or body of
snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling
down a precipice.
2. A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of
an avalanche of snow or ice.
3. A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or
influx of anything.
A*vale" (?), v. t. & i. [F.
avaler to descend, to let down. See
Avalanche.] 1. To cause to descend;
to lower; to let fall; to doff. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To bring low; to abase.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
3. (v. i.) To descend; to fall; to
dismount. [Obs.]
And from their sweaty courses did avale.
Spenser.
A*vant" (?), n. [For
avant-guard. Cf. Avaunt, Van.]
The front of an army. [Obs.] See
Van.
A*vant"-cou`ri*er (?), n. [F.,
fr. avant before + courrier. See
Avaunt, and Courier.] A person
dispatched before another person or company, to give notice of
his or their approach.
A*vant"-guard` (?; , n.
[F. avant before + E. guard, F.
avant-garde. See Avaunt.] The van
or advanced body of an army. See Vanguard.
Av"a*rice (?), n. [F.
avaritia, fr. avarus avaricious, prob. fr.
av/re to covert, fr. a root av to satiate
one's self: cf. Gr. /, /, to satiate, Skr. av to
satiate one's self, rejoice, protect.] 1. An
excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greediness after wealth;
covetousness; cupidity.
To desire money for its own sake, and in order to hoard it up,
is avarice.
Beattie.
2. An inordinate desire for some supposed
good.
All are taught an avarice of praise.
Goldsmith.
Av`a*ri"cious (?), a. [Cf. F.
avaricieux.] Actuated by avarice; greedy of
gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.
Syn. -- Greedy; stingy; rapacious; griping; sordid;
close. -- Avaricious, Covetous,
Parsimonious, Penurious, Miserly,
Niggardly. The avaricious eagerly grasp after
it at the expense of others, though not of necessity with a
design to save, since a man may be covetous and yet a
spendthrift. The penurious, parsimonious,
and miserly save money by disgraceful self-denial, and
the niggardly by meanness in their dealing with
others. We speak of persons as covetous in getting,
avaricious in retaining, parsimonious in
expending, penurious or miserly in modes of
living, niggardly in dispensing.
-- Av`a*ri"cious*ly, adv --
Av`a*ri"cious*ness, n.
Av"a*rous (?), a. [L.
avarus.] Avaricious.
[Obs.]
A*vast" (?), interj. [Corrupted
from D. houd vast hold fast. See Hold,
v. t., and Fast, a.]
(Naut.) Cease; stop; stay.
\'bdAvast heaving.\'b8
Totten.
Av`a*tar" (?), n. [Skr.
avat\'83ra descent; ava from + root
t/ to cross, pass over.] 1.
(Hindoo Myth.) The descent of a deity to earth,
and his incarnation as a man or an animal; -- chiefly associated
with the incarnations of Vishnu.
2. Incarnation; manifestation as an object of
worship or admiration.
A*vaunce" (?), v. t. & i. [See
Advance.] To advance; to profit.
Chaucer.
A*vaunt" (?), interj. [F.
avant forward, fr. L. ab + ante before. Cf.
Avant, Advance.] Begone; depart; --
a word of contempt or abhorrence, equivalent to the phrase
\'bdGet thee gone.\'b8
A*vaunt", v. t. & i. 1. To
advance; to move forward; to elevate. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To depart; to move away.
[Obs.]
Coverdale.
A*vaunt", v. t. & i. [OF.
avanter; / (L. ad) +
vanter. See Vaunt.] To vaunt; to
boast. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vaunt", n. A vaunt; to boast.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vaunt"our (?), n. [OF.
avanteur.] A boaster.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8A"ve (?), n. [L.,
hail.] 1. An ave Maria.
He repeated Aves and Credos.
Macaulay.
2. A reverential salutation.
Their loud applause and aves vehement.
Shak.
A*vel (?), v. t. [L.
avellere.] To pull away.
[Obs.]
Yet are not these parts avelled.
Sir T. Browne.
A*vel"lane (?), a. [Cf. It.
avellana a filbert, fr. L. Avella or
Abella a city of Campania.] (Her.)
In the form of four unhusked filberts; as, an
avellane cross.
{ \'d8A"ve Ma*ri"a (?), A"ve
Ma"ry (?). }[From the first words of the
Roman Catholic prayer to the Virgin Mary; L. ave hail,
Maria Mary.] 1. A salutation and
prayer to the Virgin Mary, as mother of God; -- used in the Roman
Catholic church.
To number Ave Maries on his beads.
Shak.
2. A particular time (as in Italy, at the ringing
of the bells about half an hour after sunset, and also at early
dawn), when the people repeat the Ave Maria.
Ave Maria ! blessed be the hour !
Byron.
\'d8A*ve"na (?), n. [L.]
(Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the common
oat (Avena sativa); the oat grasses.
Av`e*na"ceous (?), a. [L.
avenaceus, fr. avena oats.]
Belonging to, or resembling, oats or the oat grasses.
Av"e*nage (?), n. [F.
avenage, fr. L. avena oats.]
(Old Law) A quantity of oats paid by a tenant to
a landlord in lieu of rent.
Jacob.
Av"e*ner (?), n. [OF.
avenier, fr. aveine, avaine,
avoine, oats, F. avoine, L.
avena.] (Feud. Law) An officer
of the king's stables whose duty it was to provide oats for the
horses. [Obs.]
A*venge" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Avenged (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Avenging (/).]
[OF. avengier; L. ad +
vindicare to lay claim to, to avenge, revenge. See
Vengeance.] 1. To take vengeance
for; to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party;
to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.
He will avenge the blood of his servants.
Deut. xxxii. 43.
Avenge, O Lord, thy slaughtered saints, whose bones
Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.
Milton.
He had avenged himself on them by havoc such as
England had never before seen.
Macaulay.
2. To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance
on. [Obs.]
Thy judgment in avenging thine enemies.
Bp. Hall.
Syn. -- To Avenge, Revenge.
To avenge is to inflict punishment upon evil doers in
behalf of ourselves, or others for whom we act; as, to
avenge one's wrongs; to avenge the injuries of
the suffering and innocent. It is to inflict pain for the
sake of vindication, or retributive justice. To
revenge is to inflict pain or injury for the
indulgence of resentful and malicious feelings. The former may at
times be a duty; the latter is one of the worst exhibitions of
human character.
I avenge myself upon another, or I
avenge another, or I avenge a wrong. I
revenge only myself, and that upon another.
C. J. Smith.
A*venge", v. i. To take vengeance.
Levit. xix. 18.
A*venge", n. Vengeance; revenge.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*venge"ance (?), n.
Vengeance. [Obs.]
A*venge"ful (?), a.
Vengeful. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*venge"ment (?), n. The
inflicting of retributive punishment; satisfaction taken.
[R.]
Milton.
A*ven"ger (?), n. 1.
One who avenges or vindicates; as, an avenger
of blood.
2. One who takes vengeance.
[Obs.]
Milton.
A*ven"ger*ess, n. A female
avenger. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*ve"ni*ous (?), a. [Pref.
a- + L. vena a vein.]
(Bot.) Being without veins or nerves, as the
leaves of certain plants.
Av"e*nor (?), n. See
Avener. [Obs.]
Av"ens (?), n. [OF.
avence.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Geum, esp. Geum urbanum, or herb
bennet.
Av"en*tail (?), n. [OF.
esventail. Cf. Ventail.] The
movable front to a helmet; the ventail.
Av"en*tine (?), a. Pertaining
to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which
Rome stood.
Bryant.
Av"en*tine, n. A post of security or
defense. [Poetic]
Into the castle's tower,
The only Aventine that now is left him.
Beau. & Fl.
A*ven"tre (?), v. t. To thrust
forward (at a venture), as a spear. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [See
Adventure, n.] 1.
Accident; chance; adventure. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Old Law) A mischance causing a
person's death without felony, as by drowning, or falling into
the fire.
A*ven"tu*rine (?), n. [F.
aventurine: cf. It. avventurino.]
1. A kind of glass, containing gold-colored
spangles. It was produced in the first place by the accidental
(par aventure) dropping of some brass filings into a
pot of melted glass.
2. (Min.) A variety of translucent
quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.
\'f7 feldspar, a variety of oligoclase with
internal firelike reflections due to the presence of minute
crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.
Av"e*nue (?), n. [F.
avenue, fr. avenir to come to, L.
advenire. See Advene.] 1.
A way or opening for entrance into a place; a passage by
which a place may by reached; a way of approach or of exit.
\'bdThe avenues leading to the city by land.\'b8
Macaulay.
On every side were expanding new avenues of
inquiry.
Milman.
2. The principal walk or approach to a house which
is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on
each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.
An avenue of tall elms and branching chestnuts.
W. Black.
3. A broad street; as, the Fifth
Avenue in New York.
A"ver (?), n. [OF.
aver domestic animal, whence LL. averia,
pl. cattle. See Habit, and cf. Average.]
A work horse, or working ox. [Obs. or Dial.
Eng.]
<-- p. 105 -->
A*ver" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Averred (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Averring.]
[F. av\'82rer, LL. adverare,
averare; L. ad + versus true.
See Verity.] 1. To assert, or prove,
the truth of. [Obs.]
2. (Law) To avouch or verify; to offer
to verify; to prove or justify. See Averment.
3. To affirm with confidence; to declare in a
positive manner, as in confidence of asserting the truth.
It is sufficient that the very fact hath its foundation in
truth, as I do seriously aver is the case.
Fielding.
Then all averred I had killed the bird.
Coleridge.
Syn. -- To assert; affirm; asseverate. See
Affirm.
Av"er*age (?), n. [OF.
average, LL. averagium, prob. fr. OF.
aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle,
etc.; prop. infin., to have, from L. habere to have.
Cf. F. av\'82rage small cattle, and avarie
(perh. of different origin) damage to ship or cargo, port dues.
The first meaning was pe/// the service of carting a feudal
lord's wheat, then charge for carriage, the contribution towards
loss of things carried, in proportion to the amount of each
person's property. Cf. Aver, n.,
Avercorn, Averpenny.] 1.
(OLd Eng. Law) That service which a tenant owed
his lord, to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the
carriage of wheat, turf, etc.
2. [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or
cargo.] (Com.) (a) A tariff or
duty on goods, etc. [Obs.] (b)
Any charge in addition to the regular charge for freight of
goods shipped. (c) A contribution to a loss
or charge which has been imposed upon one of several for the
general benefit; damage done by sea perils. (d)
The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss or
expense among all interested.
General average, a contribution made, by all
parties concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by
the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the parties in
interest for the benefit of all. It is called general
average, because it falls upon the gross amount of ship,
cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the sacrifice.
Kent. -- Particular average signifies the
damage or partial loss happening to the ship, or cargo, or
freight, in consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable
accident; and it is borne by the individual owners of the
articles damaged, or by their insurers. -- Petty
averages are sundry small charges, which occur
regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in the
usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common pilotage,
and the like, which formerly were, and in some cases still are,
borne partly by the ship and partly by the cargo. In the clause
commonly found in bills of lading, \'bdprimage and
average accustomed,\'b8 average means a kind
of composition established by usage for such charges, which were
formerly assessed by way of average. Arnould.
Abbott. Phillips.
3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made
out of unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean.
Thus, if A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and
the average 10.
4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived
from a comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual
size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. \'bdThe
average of sensations.\'b8
Paley.
5. pl. In the English corn trade, the
medial price of the several kinds of grain in the principal corn
markets.
On an average, taking the mean of unequal
numbers or quantities.
Av"er*age (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a mean
proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.; ordinary;
usual; as, an average rate of profit; an
average amount of rain; the average Englishman;
beings of the average stamp.
2. According to the laws of averages; as, the
loss must be made good by average
contribution.
Av"er*age, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Averaged (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Averaging.] 1. To find the
mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal; to reduce to a
mean.
2. To divide among a number, according to a given
proportion; as, to average a loss.
3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an
average.
Av"er*age, v. i. To form, or exist in, a
mean or medial sum or quantity; to amount to, or to be, on an ~;
as, the losses of the owners will average twenty
five dollars each; these spars average ten feet in
length.
A"ver*corn` (?), n.
[Aver,n.+ corn.]
(Old Eng. Law) A reserved rent in corn, formerly
paid to religious houses by their tenants or farmers.
Kennet.
A*ver"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
averement, LL. averamentum. See
Aver, v. t.] 1. The act
of averring, or that which is averred; affirmation; positive
assertion.
Signally has this averment received illustration in
the course of recent events.
I. Taylor.
2. Verification; establishment by evidence.
Bacon.
3. (Law) A positive statement of facts;
an allegation; an offer to justify or prove what is
alleged.
avers it to be true, by using
this form of words: \'bdand this he is ready to verify.\'b8 This
was formerly called an averment. It modern pleading,
it is termed a verification.
Blackstone.
{ A*ver"nal (?), A*ver"ni*an
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, famous for its poisonous
vapors, which ancient writers fancied were so malignant as to
kill birds flying over it. It was represented by the poets to be
connected with the infernal regions.
Av"er*pen`ny (?), n.
[Aver,n.+ penny.]
(Old Eng. Law) Money paid by a tenant in lieu of
the service of average.
A*ver"ro*ism (?), n. The tenets
of the Averroists.
A*ver"ro*ist, n. One of a sect of
peripatetic philosophers, who appeared in Italy before the
restoration of learning; so denominated from Averroes, or
Averrhoes, a celebrated Arabian philosopher. He held the doctrine
of monopsychism.
Av`er*run"cate (?), v. t. [L.
averruncare to avert; a, ab, off
+ verruncare to turn; formerly derived from
ab and eruncare to root out. Cf.
Aberuncate.] 1. To avert; to ward
off. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
2. To root up. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Av`er*run*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
OF. averroncation.] 1. The act of
averting. [Obs.]
2. Eradication. [R.]
De Quincey.
Av`er*run*ca"tor (?), n. [Cf.
Aberuncator.] An instrument for pruning
trees, consisting of two blades, or a blade and a hook, fixed on
the end of a long rod.
Av`er*sa"tion (?), n. [L.
aversatio, fr. aversari to turn away, v.
intens. of avertere. See Avert.] A
turning from with dislike; aversion. [Obs.or
Archaic]
Some men have a natural aversation to some vices or
virtues, and a natural affection to others.
Jer. Taylor.
A*verse" (?), a. [L.
aversus, p. p. of avertere. See
Avert.] 1. Turned away or
backward. [Obs.]
The tracks averse a lying notice gave,
And led the searcher backward from the cave.
Dryden.
2. Having a repugnance or opposition of mind;
disliking; disinclined; unwilling; reluctant.
Averse alike to flatter, or offend.
Pope.
Men who were averse to the life of camps.
Macaulay.
Pass by securely as men averse from war.
Micah ii. 8.
to
after averse and its derivatives rather than
from, as was formerly the usage. In this the word is
in agreement with its kindred terms, hatred,
dislike, dissimilar, contrary,
repugnant, etc., expressing a relation or an affection
of the mind to an object.
Syn. -- Averse, Reluctant,
Adverse. Averse expresses an
habitual, though not of necessity a very strong, dislike; as,
averse to active pursuits; averse to
study. Reluctant, a term of the of the will,
implies an internal struggle as to making some sacrifice of
interest or feeling; as, reluctant to yield;
reluctant to make the necessary arrangements; a
reluctant will or consent. Adverse denotes
active opposition or hostility; as, adverse
interests; adverse feelings, plans, or movements;
the adverse party.
A*verse", v. t. & i. To turn away.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
A*verse"ly, adv. 1. Backward;
in a backward direction; as, emitted
aversely.
2. With repugnance or aversion; unwillingly.
A*verse"ness, n. The quality of being
averse; opposition of mind; unwillingness.
A*ver"sion (?), n. [L.
aversio: cf. F. aversion. See
Avert.] 1. A turning away.
[Obs.]
Adhesion to vice and aversion from goodness.
Bp. Atterbury.
2. Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike;
antipathy; disinclination; reluctance.
Mutual aversion of races.
Prescott.
His rapacity had made him an object of general
aversion.
Macaulay.
to before
the object. [See Averse.] Sometimes towards
and for are found; from is obsolete.
A freeholder is bred with an aversion to
subjection.
Addison.
His aversion towards the house of York.
Bacon.
It is not difficult for a man to see that a person has
conceived an aversion for him.
Spectator.
The Khasias . . . have an aversion to milk.
J. D. Hooker.
3. The object of dislike or repugnance.
Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire.
Pope.
Syn. -- Antipathy; dislike; repugnance; disgust. See
Dislike.
A*vert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Averted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Averting.] [L.
avertere; a, ab +
vertere to turn: cf. OF. avertir. See
Verse, n.] To turn aside, or away;
as, to avert the eyes from an object; to ward off,
or prevent, the occurrence or effects of; as, how can the
danger be averted? \'bdTo avert his
ire.\'b8
Milton.
When atheists and profane persons do hear of so many
discordant and contrary opinions in religion, it doth
avert them from the church.
Bacon.
Till ardent prayer averts the public woe.
Prior.
A*vert", v. i. To turn away.
[Archaic]
Cold and averting from our neighbor's good.
Thomson.
A*vert"ed, a. Turned away, esp. as an
expression of feeling; also, offended; unpropitious.
Who scornful pass it with averted eye.
Keble.
A*vert"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, averts.
A*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of
being averted; preventable.
A*ver"ti*ment (?), n.
Advertisement. [Obs.]
\'d8A"ves (?), n. pl. [L., pl.
of avis bird.] (Zo\'94l.) The
class of Vertebrata that includes the birds.
Aves, or birds, have a complete double
circulation, oviparous, reproduction, front limbs peculiarly
modified as wings; and they bear feathers. All existing birds
have a horny beak, without teeth; but some Mesozoic fossil birds
(Odontornithes) had conical teeth inserted in both jaws. The
principal groups are: Carinat\'91, including all
existing flying birds; Ratit\'91, including the ostrich
and allies, the apteryx, and the extinct moas;
Odontornithes, or fossil birds with teeth.
The ordinary birds are classified largely by the structure
of the beak and feet, which are in direct relating to their
habits. See Beak, Bird,
Odontonithes.
\'d8A*ves"ta (?), n. The
Zoroastrian scriptures. See Zend-Avesta.
A"vi*an (?), a. Of or
instrument to birds.
A"vi*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Aviaries (#). [L.
aviarium, fr. aviarius pertaining to birds,
fr. avis bird, akin to Gr, /, Skr.
vi.] A house, inclosure, large cage, or
other place, for keeping birds confined; a bird house.
Lincolnshire may be termed the aviary of
England.
Fuller.
A`vi*a"tion (?), n. The art or
science of flying.
A"vi*a`tor (?), n. (a)
An experimenter in aviation. (b) A
flying machine.
\'d8A*vic"u*la (?), n. [L.,
small bird.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
bivalves, having a pearly interior, allied to the pearl oyster;
-- so called from a supposed resemblance of the typical species
to a bird.
A*vic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
avicula a small bird, dim. of avis
bird.] Of or pertaining to a bird or to birds.
\'d8A*vic`u*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Avicular.] (Zo\'94l.)
See prehensile processes on the cells of some Bryozoa, often
having the shape of a bird's bill.
A"vi*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L.
avis bird + cultura culture.]
(Zo\'94l.) Rearing and care of birds.
Av"id (?), a. [L.
avidus, fr. av/re to long: cf. F.
avide. See Avarice.] Longing
eagerly for; eager; greedy. \'bdAvid of gold,
yet greedier of renown.\'b8
Southey.
A*vid"i*ous (?), a. Avid.
A*vid"i*ous*ly, adv. Eagerly;
greedily.
A*vid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
aviditas, fr. avidus: cf. F.
avidit\'82. See Avid.] Greediness;
strong appetite; eagerness; intenseness of desire; as, to eat
with avidity.
His books were received and read with avidity.
Milward.
A*vie" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + vie.] Emulously.
[Obs.]
\'d8A`vi*fau"na (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. avis bird + E. fauna.]
(Zo\'94l.) The birds, or all the kinds of birds,
inhabiting a region.
Av`i*ga"to (?), n. See
Avocado.
A`vignon" ber"ry (?). (Bot.)
The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, eand of
other species of the same genus; -- so called from the city of
Avignon, in France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring
yellow. Called also French berry.
A*vile" (?), v. t. [OF.
aviler, F. avilir; a (L.
ad) + vil vile. See Vile.]
To abase or debase; to vilify; to depreciate.
[Obs.]
Want makes us know the price of what we avile.
B. Jonson.
A*vis" (?), n. [F.
avis. See Advice.] Advice;
opinion; deliberation. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vise" (?), v. t. [F.
aviser. See Advise, v. t.]
1. To look at; to view; to think of.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.]
Shak.
To avise one's self, to consider with one's
self, to reflect, to deliberate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Now therefore, if thou wilt enriched be,
Avise thee well, and change thy willful mood.
Spenser.
A*vise", v. i. To consider; to
reflect. [Obs.]
A*vise"ful (?), a. Watchful;
circumspect. [Obs.]
With sharp, aviseful eye.
Spenser.
A*vise"ly, adv. Advisedly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vise"ment (?), n. Advisement;
observation; deliberation. [Obs.]
A*vi"sion (?), n. Vision.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vi"so (?), n. [Sp.]
1. Information; advice.
2. An advice boat, or dispatch boat.
\'d8Av`o*ca"do (?), n.
[Corrupted from the Mexican ahuacatl: cf. Sp.
aguacate, F. aguacat\'82,
avocat, G. avogadobaum.] The
pulpy fruit of Persea gratissima, a tree of tropical
America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; --
called also avocado pear, alligator
pear, midshipman's butter.
\'d8Av`o*cat (?), n. [F.]
An advocate.
Av"o*cate (?), v. t. [L.
avocatus, p. p. of avocare; a,
ab + vocare to call. Cf. Avoke, and see
Vocal, a.] To call off or away; to
withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal. [Obs. or
Archaic]
One who avocateth his mind from other
occupations.
Barrow.
He, at last, . . . avocated the cause to Rome.
Robertson.
Av`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
avocatio.] 1. A calling away; a
diversion. [Obs. or Archaic]
Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from
sin.
South.
2. That which calls one away from one's regular
employment or vocation.
Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly
employments avocations.
Fuller.
By the secular cares and avocations which accompany
marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common
life.
Atterbury.
Avocation
(in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by
good writers.
3. pl. Pursuits; duties; affairs which
occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation.
There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to
these studies than the common avocations of women.
Richardson.
In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard,
and returned to their ordinary avocations.
Macaulay.
<-- p. 106 -->
An irregularity and instability of purpose, which makes them
choose the wandering avocations of a shepherd, rather than the
more fixed pursuits of agriculture.
Buckle.
A*vo"ca*tive (?), a. Calling
off. [Obs.]
A*vo"ca*tive, n. That which calls aside;
a dissuasive.
{ Av"o*cet, Av"o*set }
(?), n. [F. avocette: cf. It.
avosetta, Sp. avoceta.]
(Zo\'94l.) A grallatorial bird, of the genus
Recurvirostra; the scooper. The bill is long and bend
upward toward the tip. The American species is R.
Americana. [Written also
avocette.]
A*void" (/), v. t. [p.
& p. p. Avoided; p. pr. &
vbets>. nets>.
Avoiding.] [OF. esvuidier,
es (L. ex) + vuidier,
voidier, to empty. See Void,
a.] 1. To empty.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. To emit or throw out; to void; as, to
avoid excretions. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
3. To quit or evacuate; to withdraw from.
[Obs.]
Six of us only stayed, and the rest avoided
the room.
Bacon.
4. To make void; to annul or vacate; to
refute.
How can these grants of the king's be avoided?
Spenser.
5. To keep away from; to keep clear of; to endeavor
no to meet; to shun; to abstain from; as, to avoid
the company of gamesters.
What need a man forestall his date of grief.
And run to meet what he would most avoid ?
Milton.
He carefully avoided every act which could goad
them into open hostility.
Macaulay.
6. To get rid of. [Obs.]
Shak.
7. (Pleading) To defeat or evade; to
invalidate. Thus, in a replication, the plaintiff may deny the
defendant's plea, or confess it, and avoid it by
stating new matter.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- To escape; elude; evade; eschew. -- To
Avoid, Shun. Avoid in its commonest
sense means, to keep clear of, an extension of the
meaning, to withdraw one's self from. It denotes care
taken not to come near or in contact; as, to avoid
certain persons or places. Shun is a stronger
term, implying more prominently the idea of intention. The words
may, however, in many cases be interchanged.
No man can pray from his heart to be kept from temptation, if
the take no care of himself to avoid it.
Mason.
So Chanticleer, who never saw a fox,
Yet shunned him as a sailor shuns the
rocks.
Dryden.
A*void", v. i. 1. To retire; to
withdraw. [Obs.]
David avoided out of his presence.
1 Sam. xviii. 11.
2. (Law) To become void or vacant.
[Obs.]
Ayliffe.
A*void"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being vacated; liable to be annulled or made
invalid; voidable.
The charters were not avoidable for the king's
nonage.
Hale.
2. Capable of being avoided, shunned, or
escaped.
A*void"ance (?), n. 1.
The act of annulling; annulment.
2. The act of becoming vacant, or the state of
being vacant; -- specifically used for the state of a benefice
becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the
incumbent.
Wolsey, . . . on every avoidance of St. Peter's
chair, was sitting down therein, when suddenly some one or other
clapped in before him.
Fuller.
3. A dismissing or a quitting; removal;
withdrawal.
4. The act of avoiding or shunning; keeping clear
of. \'bdThe avoidance of pain.\'b8
Beattie.
5. The courts by which anything is carried
off.
Avoidances and drainings of water.
Bacon.
A*void"er (?), n. 1.
The person who carries anything away, or the vessel in which
things are carried away.
Johnson.
2. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes.
A*void"less, a. Unavoidable;
inevitable.
Av`oir*du*pois" (?), n. & a.
[OE. aver de peis, goods of weight, where
peis is fr. OF. peis weight, F.
poids, L. pensum. See Aver,
n., and Poise, n.]
1. Goods sold by weight. [Obs.]
2. Avoirdupois weight.
3. Weight; heaviness; as, a woman of much
avoirdupois. [Colloq.]
Avoirdupois weight, a system of weights by
which coarser commodities are weighed, such as hay, grain,
butter, sugar, tea.
Troy weight.) Formerly, a hundred
weight was reckoned at 112 pounds, the ton being 2,240 pounds
(sometimes called a long ton).
A*voke" (?), v. t. [Cf.
Avocate.] To call from or back again.
[Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.
Av"o*late (?), v. i. [L.
avolare; a (ab) +
volare to fly.] To fly away; to escape; to
exhale. [Obs.]
Av`o*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
avolatio.] The act of flying; flight;
evaporation. [Obs.]
Av"o*set (?), n. Same as
Avocet.
A*vouch" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Avouched (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Avouching.]
[OF. avochier, LL. advocare to
recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L.
advocare to call to; ad + vocare
to call. Cf. Avow to declare, Advocate, and see
Vouch, v. t.] 1. To
appeal to; to cite or claim as authority.
[Obs.]
They avouch many successions of authorities.
Coke.
2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for.
We might be disposed to question its authencity, it if were
not avouched by the full evidence.
Milman.
3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of
fact; to affirm openly.
If this which he avouches does appear.
Shak.
Such antiquities could have been avouched for the
Irish.
Spenser.
4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to
confess; to sanction.
Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy
God.
Deut. xxvi. 17.
A*vouch" (?), n. Evidence;
declaration. [Obs.]
The sensible and true avouch
Of mine own eyes.
Shak.
A*vouch"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being avouched.
A*vouch"er (?), n. One who
avouches.
A*vouch"ment (?), n. The act of
avouching; positive declaration. [Obs.]
Milton.
A*vou"trer (?), n. See
Advoutrer. [Obs.]
A*vou"trie (?), n. [OF.]
Adultery. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*vow" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Avowed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Avowing.]
[F. avouver, fr. L. advocare to call
to (whence the meanings, to call upon as superior; recognize as
lord, own, confess); ad + vocare to call.
See Advocate, Avouch.] 1.
To declare openly, as something believed to be right; to own
or acknowledge frankly; as, a man avows his
principles or his crimes.
Which I to be the of Israel's God
Avow, and challenge Dagon to the test.
Milton.
2. (Law) To acknowledge and justify, as
an act done. See Avowry.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- To acknowledge; own; confess. See
Confess.
A*vow", n, [Cf. F.
aveu.] Avowal. [Obs.]
Dryden.
A*vow", v. t. & i. [OF.
avouer, fr. LL. votare to vow, fr. L.
votun. See Vote, n.] To
bind, or to devote, by a vow. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
A*vow", n. A vow or determination.
[Archaic]
A*vow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being avowed, or openly acknowledged, with confidence.
Donne.
A*vow"al (?), n. An open
declaration; frank acknowledgment; as, an avowal of
such principles.
Hume.
A*vow"ance (?), n. 1.
Act of avowing; avowal.
2. Upholding; defense; vindication.
[Obs.]
Can my avowance of king-murdering be collected from
anything here written by me?
Fuller.
A*vow"ant (?), n. (Law)
The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress
of the goods, and justifies the taking.
Cowell.
A*vowed" (?), a. Openly
acknowledged or declared; admitted. --
A*vow"ed*ly (/),
adv.
A*vow`ee" (?), n. [F.
avou\'82. Cf. Advowee, Advocate,
n.] The person who has a right to present
to a benefice; the patron; an advowee. See
Advowson.
A*vow"er (?), n. One who avows
or asserts.
A*vow"ry (?), n. [OE.
avouerie protection, authority, OF.
avouerie. See Avow to declare.]
1. An advocate; a patron; a patron saint.
[Obs.]
Let God alone be our avowry.
Latimer.
2. The act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an
action of replevin, avows and justifies the taking in his own
right.
Blackstone.
avowry, that is,
avours taking the distress in his own right, or the
right of his wife, and states the reason if it, as for arrears of
rent, damage done, or the like; or makes cognizance,
that is, acknowledges the taking, but justifies in an
another's right, as his bailiff or servant.
A*vow"try, v. t. Adultery. See
Advoutry.
A*voy"er (?), n. [F.]
A chief magistrate of a free imperial city or canton of
Switzerland. [Obs.]
A*vulse" (?), v. t. [L.
avulsus, p. p. of avellere to tear off;
a (ab) + vellere to
pluck.] To pluck or pull off.
Shenstone.
A*vul"sion (?), n. [L.
avulsio.] 1. A tearing asunder; a
forcible separation.
The avulsion of two polished superficies.
Locke.
2. A fragment torn off.
J. Barlow.
3. (Law) The sudden removal of lands or
soil from the estate of one man to that of another by an
inundation or a current, or by a sudden change in the course of a
river by which a part of the estate of one man is cut off and
joined to the estate of another. The property in the part thus
separated, or cut off, continues in the original owner.
Wharton. Burrill.
A*vun"cu*lar (?), a. [L.
avunculus uncle.] Of or pertaining to an
uncle.
In these rare instances, the law of pedigree, whether direct
or avuncular, gives way.
I. Taylor.
A*wait" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Awaited; p. pr.
& vb. n. Awaiting.] [OF.
awaitier, agaitier; / (L.
ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch,
F. guetter. See Wait.] 1.
To watch for; to look out for. [Obs.]
2. To wait on, serve, or attend.
[Obs.]
3. To wait for; to stay for; to expect. See
Expect.
Betwixt these rocky pillars Gabriel sat,
Chief of the angelic guards, awaiting night.
Milton.
4. To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting
for; as, a glorious reward awaits the
good.
O Eve, some farther change awaits us night.
Milton.
A*wait", v. i. 1. To
watch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To wait (on or
upon). [Obs.]
3. To wait; to stay in waiting.
Darwin.
A*wait", n. A waiting for; ambush;
watch; watching; heed. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*wake" (?), v. t.
[imp. Awoke (?),
Awaked (/); p. p. Awaked;
(Obs.) Awaken, Awoken; p. pr. & vb.
n. Awaking. The form Awoke is sometimes
used as a p. p.] [AS. \'bew\'91cnan,
v. i. (imp. aw/c), and \'bewacian, v. i.
(imp. awacode). See Awaken,
Wake.] 1. To rouse from sleep.; to
wake; to awaken.
Where morning's earliest ray . . . awake her.
Tennyson.
And his disciples came to him, and awoke him,
saying, Lord, save us; we perish.
Matt. viii. 25.
2. To rouse from a state resembling sleep, as from
death, stupidity., or inaction; to put into action; to give new
life to; to stir up; as, to awake the dead; to
awake the dormant faculties.
I was soon awaked from this disagreeable
reverie.
Goldsmith.
It way awake my bounty further.
Shak.
No sunny gleam awakes the trees.
Keble.
A*wake" (?), v. i. To cease to
sleep; to come out of a state of natural sleep; and,
figuratively, out of a state resembling sleep, as inaction or
death.
The national spirit again awoke.
Freeman.
Awake to righteousness, and sin not.
1 Cor. xv. 34.
A*wake", a. [From awaken, old
p. p. of awake.] Not sleeping or lethargic;
roused from sleep; in a state of vigilance or action.
Before whom awake I stood.
Milton.
She still beheld,
Now wide awake, the vision of her sleep.
Keats.
He was awake to the danger.
Froude.
A*wak"en (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Awakened
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Awakening.] [OE. awakenen,
awaknen, AS. \'bew\'91cnan,
\'bew\'91cnian, v. i.; pref. on-
+ w\'91cnan to wake. Cf. Awake, v.
t.] To rouse from sleep or torpor; to awake; to
wake.
[He] is dispatched
Already to awaken whom thou nam'st.
Cowper.
Their consciences are thoroughly awakened.
Tillotson.
Syn. -- To arouse; excite; stir up; call forth.
A*wak"en*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, awakens.
A*wak"en*ing, a. Rousing from sleep, in
a natural or a figurative sense; rousing into activity; exciting;
as, the awakening city; an awakening
discourse; the awakening dawn. --
A*wak"en*ing*ly, adv.
A*wak"en*ing, n. The act of awaking, or
ceasing to sleep. Specifically: A revival of religion, or more
general attention to religious matters than usual.
A*wak"en*ment (?), n. An
awakening. [R.]
A*want"ing (?), a. [Pref.
a- + wanting.] Missing;
wanting. [Prov. Scot. & Eng.]
Sir W. Hamilton.
A*ward" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Awarded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Awarding.] [OF.
eswarder to look at, consider, decide, judge;
es (L. ex) + warder,
garder, to observe, take heed, keep, fr. OHG.
wart/n to watch, guard. See Ward.]
To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or
apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case; to
adjudge; as, the arbitrators awarded damages to the
complainant.
To review
The wrongful sentence, and award a new.
Dryden.
A*ward", v. i. To determine; to make an
~.
A*ward", n. [Cf. OF. award,
awart, esgart. See Award, v.
t.] 1. A judgment, sentence, or final
decision. Specifically: The decision of arbitrators in a case
submitted.\'bdImpatient for the award.\'b8
Cowper.
An award had been given against.
Gilpin.
2. The paper containing the decision of
arbitrators; that which is warded.
Bouvier.
A*ward"er (?), n. One who
awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination; a
judge.
A*ware" (?), a. [OE.
iwar, AS. gew\'91r, fr. w\'91r
wary. The pref. ge- orig. meant together,
completely. /. See Wary.] 1.
Watchful; vigilant or on one's guard against danger or
difficulty.
2. Apprised; informed; cognizant; conscious;
as, he was aware of the enemy's designs.
Aware of nothing arduous in a task
They never undertook.
Cowper.
A*warn" (?), v. t. [Pref.
a- + warn, AS. gewarnian. See
Warn, v. t.] To warn.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
A*wash" (?), a. [Pref.
a- + wash.] Washed by the waves
or tide; -- said of a rock or strip of shore, or
(Naut.) of an anchor, etc., when flush with the
surface of the water, so that the waves break over it.
A*way" (?), adv. [AS.
aweg, anweg, onweg;
on on + weg way.] 1.
From a place; hence.
The sound is going away.
Shak.
Have me away, for I am sore wounded.
2 Chron. xxxv. 23.
2. Absent; gone; at a distance; as, the master
is away from home.
3. Aside; off; in another direction.
The axis of rotation is inclined away from the
sun.
Lockyer.
4. From a state or condition of being; out of
existence.
Be near me when I fade away.
Tennyson.
5. By ellipsis of the verb, equivalent to an
imperative: Go or come ~; begone; take ~.
And the Lord said . . . Away, get thee down.
Exod. xix. 24.
6. On; in continuance; without intermission or
delay; as, sing away.
[Colloq.]
away, run away, etc.;
all signifying departure, or separation to a distance. Sometimes
without the verb; as, whither away so fast ? \'bdLove
hath wings, and will away.\'b8 Waller. It
serves to modify the sense of certain verbs by adding that of
removal, loss, parting with, etc.; as, to throw away;
to trifle away; to squander away, etc.
Sometimes it has merely an intensive force; as, to blaze
away.
Away with, bear, abide. [Obs. or
Archaic] \'bdThe calling of assemblies, I can not away
with.\'b8 (Isa. i. 13), i. e., \'bdI can not bear
or endure [it].\'b8 -- Away with one, signifies,
take him away. \'bdAway with, crucify
him.\'b8 John xix. 15. -- To make away
with. (a) To kill or destroy. (b) To
carry off.
<-- p. 107 -->
A*way"-go"ing (?), a.
(Law) Sown during the last years of a tenancy,
but not ripe until after its expiration; -- said of crops.
Wharton.
A*way"ward (?), adv. Turned
away; away. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Awe (?), n. [OE.
a/e, aghe, fr. Icel. agi; akin
to AS. ege, /ga, Goth. agis,
Dan. ave chastisement, fear, Gr. / pain, distress,
from the same root as E. ail. /3. Cf.
Ugly.] 1. Dread; great fear mingled
with respect. [Obs. or Obsolescent]
His frown was full of terror, and his voice
Shook the delinquent with such fits of awe.
Cowper.
2. The emotion inspired by something dreadful and
sublime; an undefined sense of the dreadful and the sublime;
reverential fear, or solemn wonder; profound reverence.
There is an awe in mortals' joy,
A deep mysterious fear.
Keble.
To tame the pride of that power which held the Continent in
awe.
Macaulay.
The solitude of the desert, or the loftiness of the mountain,
may fill the mind with awe -- the sense of our own
littleness in some greater presence or power.
C. J. Smith.
To stand in awe of, to fear greatly; to
reverence profoundly.
Syn. -- See Reverence.
Awe (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Awed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Awing.] To strike with fear and
reverence; to inspire with awe; to control by inspiring
dread.
That same eye whose bend doth awe the world.
Shak.
His solemn and pathetic exhortation awed and melted
the bystanders.
Macaulay.
A*wea"ried (?), p. p.
Wearied. [Poetic]
A*wea"ry (?), a. [Pref.
a- + weary.] Weary.
[Poetic] \'bdI begin to be aweary of
thee.\'b8
Shak.
A*weath"er (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + weather.] (Naut.)
On the weather side, or toward the wind; in the direction
from which the wind blows; -- opposed to alee; as,
helm aweather !
Totten.
A*weigh" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + weigh.] (Naut.)
Just drawn out of the ground, and hanging perpendicularly;
atrip; -- said of the anchor.
Totten.
Awe"less (?), a. See
Awless.
Awe"some (?), a. 1.
Causing awe; appalling; awful; as, an awesome
sight.
Wright.
2. Expressive of awe or terror.
An awesome glance up at the auld castle.
Sir W. Scott.
Awe"some*ness, n. The quality of being
awesome.
Awe"-strick`en (?), a.
Awe-struck.
Awe"-struck` (?), a. Struck
with awe.
Milton.
Aw"ful (?), a. 1.
Oppressing with fear or horror; appalling; terrible; as,
an awful scene. \'bdThe hour of Nature's
awful throes.\'b8
Hemans.
2. Inspiring awe; filling with profound reverence,
or with fear and admiration; fitted to inspire reverential fear;
profoundly impressive.
Heaven's awful Monarch.
Milton.
3. Struck or filled with awe;
terror-stricken. [Obs.]
A weak and awful reverence for antiquity.
I. Watts.
4. Worshipful; reverential; law-abiding.
[Obs.]
Thrust from the company of awful men.
Shak.
5. Frightful; exceedingly bad; great; -- applied
intensively; as, an awful bonnet; an awful
boaster. [Slang]
Syn. -- See Frightful.
Aw"ful*ly, adv. 1. In an awful
manner; in a manner to fill with terror or awe; fearfully;
reverently.
2. Very; excessively. [Slang]
Aw"ful*ness, n. 1. The quality
of striking with awe, or with reverence; dreadfulness; solemnity;
as, the awfulness of this sacred place.
The awfulness of grandeur.
Johnson.
2. The state of being struck with awe; a spirit of
solemnity; profound reverence. [Obs.]
Producing in us reverence and awfulness.
Jer. Taylor.
A*whape" (?), v. t. [Cf.
whap blow.] To confound; to terrify; to
amaze. [Obs.]
Spenser.
A*while" (?), adv. [Adj. a
+ while time, interval.] For a while; for some
time; for a short time.
A*wing" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + wing.] On the wing; flying;
fluttering.
Wallace.
Awk (?), a. [OE.
auk, awk (properly) turned away; (hence)
contrary, wrong, from Icel. \'94figr,
\'94fugr, afigr, turning the wrong way, fr.
af off, away; cf. OHG. abuh, Skr.
ap\'bec turned away, fr. apa off, away + a
root ak, a/k, to bend, from
which come also E. angle, anchor.]
1. Odd; out of order; perverse.
[Obs.]
2. Wrong, or not commonly used; clumsy; sinister;
as, the awk end of a rod (the but end).
[Obs.]
Golding.
3. Clumsy in performance or manners; unhandy; not
dexterous; awkward. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Awk, adv. Perversely; in the wrong
way.
L'Estrange.
Awk"ly, adv. 1. In an unlucky
(left-handed) or perverse manner. [Obs.]
Holland.
2. Awkwardly. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Awk"ward (?), a.
[Awk + -ward.] 1.
Wanting dexterity in the use of the hands, or of
instruments; not dexterous; without skill; clumsy; wanting ease,
grace, or effectiveness in movement; ungraceful; as, he was
awkward at a trick; an awkward boy.
And dropped an awkward courtesy.
Dryden.
2. Not easily managed or effected;
embarrassing.
A long and awkward process.
Macaulay.
An awkward affair is one that has gone wrong, and
is difficult to adjust.
C. J. Smith.
3. Perverse; adverse; untoward.
[Obs.] \'bdAwkward casualties.\'b8
\'bdAwkward wind.\'b8
Shak.
O blind guides, which being of an awkward religion,
do strain out a gnat, and swallow up a cancel.
Udall.
Syn. -- Ungainly; unhandy; clownish; lubberly; gawky;
maladroit; bungling; inelegant; ungraceful; unbecoming.
-- Awkward, Clumsy, Uncouth.
Awkward has a special reference to outward deportment.
A man is clumsy in his whole person, he is
awkward in his gait and the movement of his limbs.
Clumsiness is seen at the first view.
Awkwardness is discovered only when a person begins to
move. Hence the expressions, a clumsy appearance, and
an awkward manner. When we speak figuratively of an
awkward excuse, we think of a want of ease and grace
in making it; when we speak of a clumsy excuse, we
think of the whole thing as coarse and stupid. We apply the term
uncouth most frequently to that which results from the
want of instruction or training; as, uncouth manners;
uncouth language.
-- Awk"ward*ly (/),
adv. -- Awk"ward*ness,
n.
Awl (?), n. [OE.
aul, awel, al, AS.
/l, awel; akin to Icel. alr,
OHG. \'bela, G. ahle, Lith. yla,
Skr. \'ber\'be.] A pointed instrument for
piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers,
saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and
pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl,
saddler's awl, shoemaker's
awl, etc.
Aw"less (?), a. 1.
Wanting reverence; void of respectful fear.
\'bdAwless insolence.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Inspiring no awe. [Obs.]
\'bdThe awless throne.\'b8
Shak.
[Written also aweless]
Aw"less*ness, n. The quality of being
awless.
Awl"-shaped` (?), a. 1.
Shaped like an awl.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Subulate. See
Subulate.
Gray.
Awl"wort` (?), n.
[Awl + wort.] (Bot.)
A plant (Subularia aquatica), with awl-shaped
leaves.
Awm (?m), n. See
Aam.
Awn (?), n. [OE.
awn, agune, from Icel. \'94gn,
pl. agnir; akin to Sw. agn, Dan.
avne, Goth. ahana, OHG. agana,
G. agen, ahne, chaff, Gr. /, AS.
egla; prob. from same root as E. acute. See
3d Ear. /1.] (Bot.) The bristle
or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar
bristlelike appendage; arista.
Gray.
Awned (?), a. (Bot.)
Furnished with an awn, or long bristle-shaped tip;
bearded.
Gray.
Awn"ing (?), n. [Origin
uncertain: cf. F. auvent awing, or Pers.
\'bewan, \'bewang, anything suspended, or
LG. havening a place sheltered from wind and weather,
E. haven.] 1. A rooflike cover,
usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter
from the sun, rain, or wind.
2. (Naut.) That part of the poop deck which is
continued forward beyond the bulkhead of the cabin.
Awn"inged (?), a. Furnished
with an awning.
Awn"less, a. Without awns or
beard.
Awn"y (?), a. Having awns;
bearded.
A*work" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + work.] At work; in
action. \'bdSet awork.\'b8
Shak.
A*work"ing, adv. [Pref. a- +
working.] At work; in action.
[Archaic or Colloq.]
Spenser.
{ A*wreak", A*wreke", }
(?), v. t. & i. To avenge.
[Obs.] See Wreak.
A*wrong" (?), adv. [Pref.
a- + wrong.] Wrongly.
Ford.
A*wry" (?), adv. & a. [Pref.
a- + wry.] 1. Turned or
twisted toward one side; not in a straight or true direction, or
position; out of the right course; distorted; obliquely; asquint;
with oblique vision; as, to glance awry.
\'bdYour crown's awry.\'b8
Shak.
Blows them transverse, ten thousand leagues awry.
Into the devious air.
Milton.
2. Aside from the line of truth, or right reason;
unreasonable or unreasonably; perverse or perversely.
Or by her charms
Draws him awry, enslaved.
Milton.
Nothing more awry from the law of God and nature
than that a woman should give laws to men.
Milton.
Aw"some (?), a. Same as
Awesome.
{ Ax, Axe, } (?),
n. [OE. ax, axe, AS.
eax, \'91x, acas; akin to D.
akse, OS. accus, OHG. acchus, G.
axt, Icel. \'94x, \'94xi, Sw.
yxe, Dan. \'94kse, Goth. aqizi,
Gr. /, L. ascia; not akin to E.
acute.] A tool or instrument of steel, or
of iron with a steel edge or blade, for felling trees, chopping
and splitting wood, hewing timber, etc. It is wielded by a wooden
helve or handle, so fixed in a socket or eye as to be in the same
plane with the blade. The broadax, or carpenter's ax,
is an ax for hewing timber, made heavier than the chopping ax,
and with a broader and thinner blade and a shorter handle.
The ancient battle-ax had sometimes a double
edge.
axhead or ax head; ax helve;
ax handle; ax shaft; ax-shaped;
axlike.
This word was originally spelt with e,
axe; and so also was nearly every corresponding word
of one syllable: as, flaxe, taxe,
waxe, sixe, mixe,
pixe, oxe, fluxe, etc. This
superfluous e is not dropped; so that, in more than a
hundred words ending in x, no one thinks of retaining
the e except in axe. Analogy requires its
exclusion here.
\'bdThe spelling ax is better on every ground,
of etymology, phonology, and analogy, than axe, which
has of late become prevalent.\'b8
New English Dict. (Murray).
Ax (?), v. t. & i. [OE.
axien and asken. See Ask.]
To ask; to inquire or inquire of.
axide him, Art thou king of Jewis?\'b8
\'bdOr if he axea fish.\'b8 Wyclif. 'bdThe
king axed after your Grace's welfare.\'b8
Pegge.
Ax"al (?), a. [See
Axial.] [R.]
{ Axe (?), Axe"man (?),
etc.} See Ax, Axman.
Ax"i*al (?), a. 1. Of
or pertaining to an axis; of the nature of, or resembling, an
axis; around an axis.
To take on an axial, and not an equatorial,
direction.
Nichol.
2. (Anat.) Belonging to the axis of the
body; as, the axial skeleton; or to the axis of
any appendage or organ; as, the axial
bones.
Axial line (Magnetism), the line
taken by the magnetic force in passing from one pole of a
horseshoe magnet to the other.
Faraday.
Ax"i*al*ly (?), adv. In
relation to, or in a line with, an axis; in the axial (magnetic)
line.
Ax"il (?), n. [L.
axilla. Cf. Axle.] (Bot.)
The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a
branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it
springs.
Gray.
Ax"ile (?), a. Situated in the
axis of anything; as an embryo which lies in the axis of a
seed.
Gray.
\'d8Ax*il"la (?), n.; pl.
Axillae (#). [L.]
(Anat.) The armpit, or the cavity beneath the
junction of the arm and shoulder.
2. (Bot.) An axil.
Ax"il*lar (?), a.
Axillary.
{ Ax"il*la*ries (?), Ax"il*lars
(?), } n. pl. (Zo\'94l.)
Feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the
body, and concealed by the closed wing.
Ax"il*la*ry (?), a. [See
Axil.] 1. (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the axilla or armpit; as, axillary
gland, artery, nerve.
2. (Bot.) Situated in, or rising from,
an axil; of or pertaining to an axil.
\'bdAxillary buds.\'b8
Gray.
Ax"i*nite (?), n. [Named in
allusion to the form of the crystals, fr. Gr. / an ax.]
(Min.) A borosilicate of alumina, iron, and lime,
commonly found in glassy, brown crystals with acute edges.
Ax*in"o*man`cy (?), n. [L.
axinomantia, Gr. / ax + -mancy.]
A species of divination, by means of an ax or hatchet.
Ax"i*om (?), n. [L.
axioma, Gr. / that which is thought
worthy, that which is assumed, a basis of demonstration, a
principle, fr. / to think worthy, fr. /
worthy, weighing as much as; cf. / to lead, drive,
also to weigh so much: cf F. axiome. See
Agent, a.] 1. (Logic &
Math.) A self-evident and necessary truth, or a
proposition whose truth is so evident as first sight that no
reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer; a proposition
which it is necessary to take for granted; as, \'bdThe whole is
greater than a part;\'b8 \'bdA thing can not, at the same time,
be and not be.\'b8
2. An established principle in some art or science,
which, though not a necessary truth, is universally received;
as, the axioms of political economy.
Syn. -- Axiom, Maxim, Aphorism,
Adage. An axiom is a
self-evident truth which is taken for granted as the basis of
reasoning. A maxim is a guiding principle sanctioned
by experience, and relating especially to the practical concerns
of life. An aphorism is a short sentence pithily
expressing some valuable and general truth or sentiment. An
adage is a saying of long-established authority and of
universal application.
{ Ax`i*o*mat"ic (?),
Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al, } a. [Gr.
/.] Of or pertaining to an axiom; having the nature
of an axiom; self-evident; characterized by axioms.
\'bdAxiomatical truth.\'b8
Johnson.
The stores of axiomatic wisdom.
I. Taylor.
Ax`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. By the use of
axioms; in the form of an axiom.
\'d8Ax"is (?), n. [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) The spotted deer (Cervus axis or
Axis maculata) of India, where it is called hog
deer and parrah (Moorish name).
Ax"is (?), n.; pl.
Axes (#). [L. axis
axis, axle. See Axle.] A straight line, real
or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or
may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or
system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged.
2. (Math.) A straight line with respect
to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically
arranged; as, the axis of a cylinder, i.
e., the axis of a cone, that is, the straight
line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the
axis of a circle, any straight line passing through
the center.
3. (Bot.) The stem; the central part, or
longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the
central line of any body.
Gray.
4. (Anat.) (a) The second
vertebra of the neck, or vertebra dentata.
(b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra,
which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first
vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg
which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn
upon.
5. (Crystallog.) One of several
imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes
by which a crystal is bounded.
6. (Fine Arts) The primary of secondary
central line of any design.
Anticlinal axis (Geol.), a line or
ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite
sides. -- Synclinal axis, a line from which
the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a
valley. -- Axis cylinder (Anat.),
the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve
fiber; -- called also axis band,
axial fiber, and cylinder
axis. -- Axis in peritrochio, the
wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers. -- Axis
of a curve (Geom.), a straight line which
bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a
principal axis, when cutting them at right angles, in
which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as
in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has
two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of
the ellipse are the major axis and the minor
axis, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the
transverse axis and the conjugate
axis. -- Axis of a lens, the straight
line passing through its center and perpendicular to its
surfaces. -- Axis of a telescope or
microscope, the straight line with which
coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it. --
Axes of co\'94rdinates in a plane, to straight
lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for
the purpose of determining their relative position: they are
either rectangular or oblique. -- Axes of
co\'94rdinates in space, the three straight lines in
which the co\'94rdinate planes intersect each other. --
Axis of a balance, that line about which it
turns. -- Axis of oscillation, of a pendulum,
a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates,
and perpendicular to the plane of vibration. -- Axis of
polarization, the central line around which the
prismatic rings or curves are arranged. Brewster.
-- Axis of revolution (Descriptive Geom.),
a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved,
so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe
circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes
perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution,
and the plane a solid of revolution. -- Axis of
symmetry (Geom.), any line in a plane figure
which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when
folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other
part. -- Axis of the equator,
ecliptic, horizon (or other circle
considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies),
the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the
plane of the circle. Hutton. -- Axis of the
Ionic capital (Arch.), a line passing
perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute.
-- Neutral axis (Mech.), the line of
demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and
compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a
girder. -- Optic axis of a crystal, the
direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double
refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either
uniaxial or biaxial. --
Optic axis, Visual axis
(Opt.), the straight line passing through the
center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the
eye. -- Radical axis of two circles
(Geom.), the straight line perpendicular to the
line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any
point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other.
-- Spiral axis (Arch.), the axis of a
twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the
circumvolutions without. -- Axis of abscissas and
Axis of ordinates. See Abscissa.
<-- p. 108 -->
Ax"le (?), n. [OE.
axel, exel, shoulder, AS.
/axl; akin to AS. eax axle, Sw. & Dan.
axel shoulder, ~, G. achse axle,
achsel shoulder, L. axis axle, Gr. /,
Skr. aksha, L. axilla shoulder joint: cf.
F. essieu, axle, OF. aissel, fr. dim. of L.
axis. /. Cf. 2d Axis.] 1.
The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which
revolves with a wheel.
2. A transverse bar or shaft connecting the
opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.
3. An axis; as, the sun's
axle.
Had from her axle torn
The steadfast earth.
Milton.
leading and
trailing from their position in the front or in the
rear of a car or truck respectively.
Ax"le box` (?). 1. A bushing in
the hub of a wheel, through which the axle passes.
2. The journal box of a rotating axle, especially a
railway axle.
Ax"led (?), a. Having an axle;
-- used in composition.
Merlin's agate-axled car.
T. Warton.
Ax"le guard` (?). The part of the framing
of a railway car or truck, by which an axle box is held
laterally, and in which it may move vertically; -- also called a
jaw in the United States, and a housing in
England.
Ax"le*tree` (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
\'94xultr/.] 1. A bar or beam of
wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on
the ends of which the wheels revolve.
2. A spindle or axle of a wheel.
[Obs.]
Ax"man (?), n.; pl.
Axmen (/). One who wields an
ax.
Ax"min`ster (?), n. An
Axminster carpet, an imitation Turkey carpet, noted for its thick
and soft pile; -- so called from Axminster, Eng.
\'d8Ax"o*lotl (?), n. [The
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An amphibian of
the salamander tribe found in the elevated lakes of Mexico; the
siredon.
Amblystoma. This also
occurs naturally under favorable conditions, in its native
localities; although it commonly lives and breeds in a larval
state, with persistent external gills. See
Siredon.
Ax"stone` (?), n. (Min.)
A variety of jade. It is used by some savages, particularly
the natives of the South Sea Islands, for making axes or
hatchets.
Ax"tree (?), n. Axle or
axletree. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Ax"unge (?), n. [F.
axonge, L. axungia; axis wheel +
ungere to grease.] Fat; grease; esp. the
fat of pigs or geese; usually (Pharm.), lard prepared
for medical use.
Ay (?), interj. Ah! alas!
\'bdAy me! I fondly dream \'bfHad ye been there.'\'b8
Milton.
Ay (?), adv. Same as
Aye.
\'d8A"yah (?), n. [Pg.
aia, akin to Sp. aya a governess,
ayo a tutor.] A native nurse for children;
also, a lady's maid. [India]
{ Aye, Ay } (?),
adv. [Perh. a modification of yea, or
from the interjection of admiration or astonishment, OE.
ei, ey, why, hey, ay, well, ah, ha. Cf.
MHG. & G. ei, Dan. ej. Or perh. akin to
aye ever.] Yes; yea; -- a word expressing
assent, or an affirmative answer to a question. It is much used
in viva voce voting in legislative bodies, etc.
I in the early
editions of Shakespeare and other old writers.
Aye (?), n. An affirmative
vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, \'bdTo call for
the ayes and noes;\'b8 \'bdThe ayes have
it.\'b8
{ Aye, Ay } (?),
adv. [Icel. ei, ey; akin to
AS. \'be, \'bewa, always, Goth.
aiws an age, Icel. \'91fi, OHG,
/wa, L. aevum, Gr. / an age, /, /,
ever, always, G. je, Skr. /va course.
/,/. Cf. Age, v., Either,
a., Or, conj.] Always;
ever; continually; for an indefinite time.
For his mercies aye endure.
Milton.
For aye, always;
forever; eternally.
Aye"-aye` (?), n. [From the
native name, prob. from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.)
A singular nocturnal quadruped, allied to the lemurs, found
in Madagascar (Cheiromys Madagascariensis), remarkable
for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor
teeth.
Aye"green` (?), n.
[Aye ever + green.]
(Bot.) The houseleek (Sempervivum
tectorum).
Halliwell.
{ A*yen", A*yein" (?),
A*yeins" (?) }, adv. & prep.
[OE. /, /. See Again.] Again; back
against. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
A*yen"ward (?), adv.
Backward. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ayle (?), n. [OE.
ayel, aiel, OF. aiol,
aiel, F. a\'8beul, a dim. of L.
avus grandfather.] A grandfather.
[Obs.]
Writ of Ayle, an ancient English writ which
lay against a stranger who had dispossessed the demandant of land
of which his grandfather died seized.
Ay"me` (?), n. [Cf. F.
ahi interj.] The utterance of the
ejaculation \'bdAy me !\'b8 [Obs.] See Ay,
interj. \'bdAymees and hearty
heigh-hoes.\'b8
J. Fletcher.
A*yond" (?), prep. & adv.
Beyond. [North of Eng.]
A*yont" (?), prep. & adv.
Beyond. [Scot.]
{ A"y*rie, A"y*ry } (?),
n. See Aerie.
Drayton.
Ayr"shire (?), n.
(Agric.) One of a superior breed of cattle from
Ayrshire, Scotland. Ayrshires are notable for the quantity and
quality of their milk.
\'d8A*yun`ta*mi*en"to (?), n.
[Sp., fr. OSp. ayuntar to join.] In
Spain and Spanish America, a corporation or body of magistrates
in cities and towns, corresponding to mayor and aldermen.
A*za"le*a (?; 97), n.; pl.
Azaleas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. /
dry, -- so called because supposed to grow best in dry
ground.] (Bot.) A genus of showy flowering
shrubs, mostly natives of China or of North America; false
honeysuckle. The genus is scarcely distinct from
Rhododendron.
Az"a*role (?), n. [F.
azerole, the name of the fruit, fr. Ar.
az-zo'r/r: cf. It. azzeruolo, Sp.
acerolo.] (Bot.) The Neapolitan
medlar (Crat\'91gus azarolus), a shrub of southern
Europe; also, its fruit.
A*zed"a*rach (?), n. [F.
az\'82darac, Sp. acederaque, Pers.
\'bez\'beddirakht noble tree.] 1.
(Bot.) A handsome Asiatic tree (Melia
azedarach), common in the southern United States; -- called
also, Pride of India, Pride of
China, and Bead tree.
2. (Med.) The bark of the roots of the
azedarach, used as a cathartic and emetic.
Az"i*muth (?), n. [OE.
azimut, F. azimut, fr. Ar.
as-sum/t, pl. of as-samt a way, or perh.,
a point of the horizon and a circle extending to it from the
zenith, as being the Arabic article: cf. It.
azzimutto, Pg. azimuth, and Ar.
samt-al-r\'be's the vertex of the heaven. Cf.
Zenith.] (Astron. & Geodesy)
(a) The quadrant of an azimuth circle.
(b) An arc of the horizon intercepted between the
meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the
center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the
azimuth or bearing of a line surveying.
Azimuth circle, or Vertical
circle, one of the great circles of the sphere
intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the
horizon at right angles. Hutton. -- Azimuth
compass, a compass resembling the mariner's compass,
but having the card divided into degrees instead of rhumbs, and
having vertical sights; used for taking the magnetic azimuth of a
heavenly body, in order to find, by comparison with the true
azimuth, the variation of the needle. -- Azimuth
dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles
to the plane of the horizon. Hutton. --
Magnetic azimuth, an arc of the horizon,
intercepted between the vertical circle passing through any
object and the magnetic meridian. This is found by observing the
object with an azimuth compass.
Az"i*muth`al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.
Azimuthal error of a transit instrument, its
deviation in azimuth from the plane of the meridian.
Az"o- (?). [See Azote.]
(Chem.) A combining form of
azote; (a) Applied loosely to
compounds having nitrogen variously combined, as in cyanides,
nitrates, etc. (b) Now especially applied to
compounds containing a two atom nitrogen group uniting two
hydrocarbon radicals, as in azobenzene,
azobenzoic, etc. These compounds furnish many
artificial dyes. See Diazo-.
Az`o*ben"zene (?), n.
[Azo- + benzene.]
(Chem.) A substance
(C6H5.N2.C6H5) derived from nitrobenzene,
forming orange red crystals which are easily fusible.
A*zo"ic (?), a. [Gr. / priv.
+ / life, from / to live.] Destitute of any
vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to
the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal
life on the globe; as, the azoic. rocks.
Azoic age (Geol.), the age
preceding the existence of animal life, or anterior to the
paleozoic tome. Azoic is also used as a noun,
age being understood. See Arch\'91an, and
Eozoic.
Az`o*le"ic (?), a.
[Azo- + oleic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to an acid produced by
treating oleic with nitric acid. [R.]
A*zon"ic (?), a. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / zone, region.] Confined to no zone or
region; not local.
A*zo"ri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Azores. -- n. A
native of the Azores.
Az"ote (?; 277), n. [F.
azote, fr. Gr. / priv. + / life; -- so named by
Lavoisier because it is incapable of supporting life.]
Same as Nitrogen. [R.]
Az"oth (?), n. [LL.
azoch, azoth, fr. Ar. az-zauq
mercury.] (Alchemy) (a) The first
principle of metals, i. e., mercury, which was formerly
supposed to exist in all metals, and to be extractable from
them. (b) The universal remedy of
Paracelsus.
A*zot"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of
azote; nitric; as, azotic gas; azotic
acid. [R.]
Carpenter.
Az"o*tite (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt formed by the combination of azotous, or nitrous,
acid with a base; a nitrite. [R.]
Az"o*tize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Azotized (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Azotizing (/).]
To impregnate with azote, or nitrogen; to nitrogenize.
Az`o*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Azote + -meter.]
(Chem.) An apparatus for measuring or determining
the proportion of nitrogen; a nitrometer.
A*zo"tous (?), a: Nitrous;
as, azotous acid. [R.]
Az"tec (?), a. Of or relating
to one of the early races in Mexico that inhabited the great
plateau of that country at the time of the Spanish conquest in
1519. -- n. One of the Aztec race or
people.
Az"ure (?; 277), a. [F. & OSp.
azur, Sp. azul, through Ar. from Per.
l\'bejaward, or l\'bejuward, lapis lazuli,
a blue color, l\'bejaward\'c6,
l\'bejuward\'c6, azure, cerulean, the initial
l having been dropped, perhaps by the influence of the
Ar. azr-aq azure, blue. Cf. G. lasur,
lasurstein, azure color, azure stone, and NL. lapis
lazuli.] Sky-blue; resembling the clear
blue color of the unclouded sky; cerulean; also, cloudless.
Azure stone (Min.), the lapis
lazuli; also, the lazulite.
Az"ure, n. 1. The lapis
lazuli. [Obs.]
2. The clear blue color of the sky; also, a pigment
or dye of this color. \'bdIn robes of azure.\'b8
Wordsworth.
3. The blue vault above; the unclouded sky.
Not like those steps
On heaven's azure.
Milton.
4. (Her.) A blue color, represented in
engraving by horizontal parallel lines.
Az"ure, v. t. To color blue.
Az"ured (?), a. Of an azure
color; sky-blue. \'bdThe azured harebell.\'b8
Shak.
A*zu"re*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of a fine blue color; azure.
Az"u*rine (?), a. [Cf.
Azurn.] Azure.
Az"u*rine, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
blue roach of Europe (Leuciscus c\'91ruleus); -- so
called from its color.
Az"u*rite (?), n. (Min.)
Blue carbonate of copper; blue malachite.
Az"urn (?), a. [Cf. OF.
azurin, asurin, LL. azurinus.
See Azure, a.] Azure.
[Obs.]
Thick set with agate, and the azurn sheen
Of turkis blue, and emerald green.
Milton.
Az"y*gous (?), a. [Gr. /; /
priv. + / yoke.] Odd; having no fellow; not one of a
pair; single; as, the azygous muscle of the
uvula.
{ Az"ym, Az"yme } (?),
n. [F. azyme unleavened, L.
azymus, fr. Gr. /; / priv. + / leaven.]
Unleavened bread.
A*zym"ic (?), a. Azymous.
Az"y*mite (?), n. [Cf. F.
azymite.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who
administered the Eucharist with unleavened bread; -- a name of
reproach given by those of the Greek church to the Latins.
Az"y*mous (?), a. [See
Azym.] Unleavened; unfermented.
\'bdAzymous bread.\'b8
Dunglison.
<-- p. 109 -->
B (?) is the second letter of the English
alphabet. (See Guide to Pronunciation, 196,220.)
It is etymologically related to p , v ,
f , w and m , letters
representing sounds having a close organic affinity to its own
sound; as in Eng. bursar and purser; Eng.
bear and Lat. pear; Eng. silver
and Ger. silber; Lat. cubitum and It.
gomito; Eng. seven, Anglo-Saxon
seofon, Ger. sieben, Lat.
septem, Gr./, Sanskrit saptan. The form
of letter B is Roman, from Greek B (Beta), of Semitic
origin. The small b was formed by gradual change from the capital
B.
In Music, B is the nominal of the seventh tone
in the model major scale (the scale of C major ), or of the
second tone in it's relative minor scale (that of A minor ) .
B
Ba (?), v. i. [Cf. OF.
baer to open mouth, F. baer.] To
kiss. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Baa (?), v. i. [Cf. G.
b\'84en; an imitative word.] To cry baa, or
bleat as a sheep.
He treble baas for help, but none can get.
Sir P. Sidney.
Baa (?), n.; pl.
Baas. [Cf. G. b\'84.] The cry
or bleating of a sheep; a bleat.
Baa"ing, n. The bleating of a
sheep.
Marryat.
Ba"al (?), n.; Heb. pl.
Baalim (/). [Heb.
ba'al lord.] 1. (Myth.)
The supreme male divinity of the Phoenician and Canaanitish
nations.
Baal-berith (the
Covenant Baal), Baal-zebub (Baal of the fly).
2. pl. The whole class of divinities
to whom the name Baal was applied.
Judges x. 6.
Ba"al*ism (?), n. Worship of
Baal; idolatry.
{ Ba"al*ist (?), Ba"al*ite
(?), } n. A worshiper of Baal; a
devotee of any false religion; an idolater.
\'d8Ba"ba (?), n. [F.]
A kind of plum cake.
Bab"bitt (?), v. t. To line
with Babbitt metal.
Bab"bitt met`al (?). [From the inventor,
Isaac Babbitt of Massachusetts.] A soft
white alloy of variable composition (as a nine parts of tin to
one of copper, or of fifty parts of tin to five of antimony and
one of copper) used in bearings to diminish friction.
Bab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Babbled (/);p. pr. & vb. n.
Babbling.] [Cf.LG. babbeln,
D. babbelen, G. bappeln,
bappern, F. babiller, It.
babbolare; prob. orig., to keep saying ba,
imitative of a child learning to talk.]
1. To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly;
to utter inarticulate sounds; as a child
babbles.
2. To talk incoherently; to utter unmeaning
words.
3. To talk much; to chatter; to prate.
4. To make a continuous murmuring noise, as shallow
water running over stones.
In every babbling he finds a friend.
Wordsworth.
babble, or to be
babbling, when they are too noisy after having found a
good scent.
Syn. -- To prate; prattle; chatter; gossip.
Bab"ble, v. i. 1. To utter in
an indistinct or incoherent way; to repeat,as words, in a
childish way without understanding.
These [words] he used to babble in all
companies.
Arbuthnot.
2. To disclose by too free talk, as a secret.
Bab"ble, n. 1. Idle talk;
senseless prattle; gabble; twaddle. \'bdThis is mere moral
babble.\'b8
Milton.
2. Inarticulate speech; constant or confused
murmur.
The babble of our young children.
Darwin.
The babble of the stream.
Tennyson.
Bab"ble*ment (?), n.
Babble.
Hawthorne.
Bab"bler (?), n. 1. An
idle talker; an irrational prater; a teller of secrets.
Great babblers, or talkers, are not fit for
trust.
L'Estrange.
2. A hound too noisy on finding a good scent.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A name given to any one of
family (Timalin\'91) of thrushlike birds, having a
chattering note.
Bab"ble*ry (?), n.
Babble. [Obs.]
Sir T. More
Babe (?), n. [Cf. Ir.
bab, baban, W. baban,
maban.]
1. An infant; a young child of either sex; a
baby.
2. A doll for children.
Spenser.
Babe"hood (?), n.
Babyhood. [R.]
Udall.
Ba"bel (?), n. [Heb.
B\'bebel, the name of the capital of Babylonia; in
Genesis associated with the idea of \'bdconfusion\'b8]
1. The city and tower in the land of Shinar, where
the confusion of languages took place.
Therefore is the name of it called Babel.
Gen. xi. 9.
2. Hence: A place or scene of noise and confusion;
a confused mixture of sounds, as of voices or languages.
That babel of strange heathen languages.
Hammond.
The grinding babel of the street
.
R. L. Stevenson.
Bab"er*y (?), n. [Perh. orig.
for baboonery. Cf. Baboon, and also
Babe.] Finery of a kind to please a
child. [Obs.] \'bdPainted
babery.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
{ Ba"bi*an (?), Ba"bi*on }
(?), n. [See Baboon]
A baboon. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Bab"il*lard (?), n. [F., a
babbler.] (Zo\'94l.) The lesser whitethroat
of Europe; -- called also babbling
warbler.
Bab"ing*ton*ite (?), n. [From
Dr. Babbington.] (Min.) A
mineral occurring in triclinic crystals approaching pyroxene in
angle, and of a greenish black color. It is a silicate of iron,
manganese, and lime.
{ \'d8Bab`i*rous"sa,
\'d8Bab`i*rus"sa} (/), n.
[F. babiroussa, fr.Malay b\'beb\'c6
hog + r/sa deer.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large hoglike quadruped (Sus, or Porcus, babirussa) of
the East Indies, sometimes domesticated; the Indian hog. Its
upper canine teeth or tusks are large and recurved.
Bab"ish (?), a. Like a babe; a
childish; babyish. [R.] \'bdBabish
imbecility.\'b8 Drayton. -- Bab"ish*ly,
adv. -- Bab"ish*ness,
n. [R.]
Bab"ism (?), n. [From
Bab (Pers. bab a gate), the title assumed
by the founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed.] The doctrine of a
modern religious sect, which originated in Persia in 1843, being
a mixture of Mohammedan, Christian, Jewish and Parsee
elements.
Bab"ist, n. A believer in Babism.
\'d8Bab"lah (?), n. [Cf. Per.
bab/l a species of mimosa yielding gum
arabic.] The ring of the fruit of several East Indian
species of acacia; neb-neb. It contains gallic acid and tannin,
and is used for dyeing drab.
{ \'d8Ba"boo, \'d8Ba"bu }
(?), n. [Hind. b\'beb/
] A Hindoo gentleman; native clerk who writes English;
also, a Hindoo title answering to Mr. or
Esquire.
Whitworth.
Bab*oon" (?), n. [OE.
babewin, baboin, fr.F. babouin,
or LL. babewynus. Of unknown origin; cf. D.
baviaan, G. pavian, baboon, F.
babin lip of ape, dogs, etc., dial. G.
b\'84ppe mouth.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Old World Quadrumana, of the genera
Cynocephalus and Papio; the dog-faced ape. Baboons
have dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a
short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They are
mostly African. See Mandrill, and Chacma, and
Drill an ape.
Bab*oon"ery (?), n. Baboonish
behavior.
Marryat.
Bab*oon"ish, a. Like a baboon.
Ba"by (?), n.; pl.
Babies. [Dim. of babe]
An infant or young child of either sex; a babe.
2. A small image of an infant; a doll.
Babies in the eyes, the minute reflection
which one sees of one's self in the eyes of another.
She clung about his neck, gave him ten kisses,
Toyed with his locks, looked babies in his eyes.
Heywood.
Ba"by, a. Pertaining to, or resembling,
an infant; young or little; as, baby
swans. \'bdBaby figure\'b8
Shak.
Ba"by, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Babied (/); p. pr. & vb.
n.Babying.] To treat like a young
child; to keep dependent; to humor; to fondle.
Young.
Ba"by farm` (?). A place where the
nourishment and care of babies are offered for hire.
Ba"by farm`er (?). One who keeps a baby
farm.
Ba"by farm`ing. The business of keeping a baby
farm.
Ba"by*hood (?), n. The state or
period of infancy.
Ba"by*house` (?), a. A place
for children's dolls and dolls' furniture.
Swift.
Ba"by*ish, a. Like a baby; childish;
puerile; simple. -- Ba"by*ish*ly,
adv. -- Ba"by*ish*ness,
n.
Ba"by*ism (?), n. 1.
The state of being a baby.
2. A babyish manner of acting or speaking.
Ba"by jump`er (?). A hoop suspended by an
elastic strap, in which a young child may be held secure while
amusing itself by jumping on the floor.
Bab`y*lo"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the real or to the mystical Babylon, or to the
ancient kingdom of Babylonia; Chaldean.
Bab`y*lo"ni*an, n. 1. An
inhabitant of Babylonia (which included Chaldea); a
Chaldean.
2. An astrologer; -- so called because the
Chaldeans were remarkable for the study of astrology.
{ Bab`y*lon"ic (?),
Bab`y*lon"ic*al (?), } a.
1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made there; as
Babylonic garments,carpets, or hangings.
2. Tumultuous; disorderly.
[Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
Bab"y*lo`nish (?), n. 1.
Of or pertaining to, or made in, Babylon or Babylonia.
\'bdA Babylonish garment.\'b8
Josh. vii. 21.
2. Pertaining to the Babylon of
Revelation xiv.8.
3. Pertaining to Rome and papal power.
[Obs.]
The . . . injurious nickname of Babylonish.
Gape.
4. Confused; Babel-like.
{ \'d8Bab`y*rous"sa, \'d8Bab`y*rus"sa
} (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Babyroussa.
Ba"by*ship (?), n. The quality
of being a baby; the personality of an infant.
Bac (?), n. [F. See
Back a vat]
1. A broad, flatbottomed ferryboat, usually worked
by a rope.
2. A vat or cistern. See 1st Back.
Bac"ca*lau"re*ate (?), n. [NL.
baccalaureatus, fr.LL. baccalaureus a
bachelor of arts, fr. baccalarius, but as if fr L.
bacca lauri bayberry, from the practice of the
bachelor's wearing a garland of bayberries. See
Bachelor.]
1. The degree of bachelor of arts. (B.A. or A.B.),
the first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities
and colleges.
2. A baccalaureate sermon.
[U.S.]
Bac`ca*lau"re*ate, a. Pertaining to a
bachelor of arts.
Baccalaureate sermon, in some American
colleges, a sermon delivered as a farewell discourse to a
graduating class.
{ \'d8Bac`ca*ra", Bac`ca*rat" }
(?), n. [F.] A French game of
cards, played by a banker and punters.
{ Bac*ca"re, Bac*ka"re }
(?), interj. Stand back! give place! --
a cant word of the Elizabethan writers, probably in ridicule of
some person who pretended to a knowledge of Latin which he did
not possess.
Baccare! you are marvelous forward.
Shak.
Bac"cate (?), a. [L.
baccatus, fr. L. bacca berry.]
(Bot.) Pulpy throughout, like a berry; -- said of
fruits.
Gray.
Bac"ca*ted (?), a. 1.
Having many berries.
2. Set or adorned with pearls.
[Obs.]
Bac"cha*nal (?), a. [L.
Bacchanalis. See Bacchanalia.]
1. Relating to Bacchus or his festival.
2. Engaged in drunken revels; drunken and riotous
or noisy.
Bac"cha*nal (?), n. 1.
A devotee of Bacchus; one who indulges in drunken revels;
one who is noisy and riotous when intoxicated; a carouser.
\'bdTipsy bacchanals.\'b8
Shak.
2. pl. The festival of Bacchus; the
bacchanalia.
3. Drunken revelry; an orgy.
4. A song or dance in honor of Bacchus.
\'d8Bac`cha*na"li*a (?), n. pl.
[L. Bacchanal a place devoted to Bacchus; in the
pl. Bacchanalia a feast of Bacchus, fr.
Bacchus the god of wine, Gr. /]
1. (Myth.) A feast or an orgy in honor
of Bacchus.
2. Hence: A drunken feast; drunken reveler.
Bac`cha*na"li*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the festival of Bacchus; relating to or given to
reveling and drunkenness.
Even bacchanalian madness has its charms.
Cowper.
Bac`aha*na"li*an, n. A bacchanal; a
drunken reveler.
Bac`cha*na"li*an*ism (?), n.
The practice of bacchanalians; bacchanals; drunken
revelry.
Bac"chant (?), n.; pl. E.
Bacchants, L. Bacchantes. [L.
bacchans, -antis, p. pr. of
bacchari to celebrate the festival of
Bacchus.]
1. A priest of Bacchus.
2. A bacchanal; a reveler.
Croly.
Bac"chant, a. Bacchanalian; fond of
drunken revelry; wine-loving; reveling; carousing.
Byron.
Bac"chante (?), n.; L. pl.
Bacchantes. 1. A priestess of
Bacchus.
2. A female bacchanal.
Bac*chan"tic (?), a.
Bacchanalian.
{ Bac"chic (?), Bac"chic*al
(?) }, a. [L.
Bacchicus, Gr. /] Of or relating to
Bacchus; hence, jovial, or riotous,with intoxication.
\'d8Bac*chi"us (?), n.; pl.
Bacchii. [L. Bacchius pes, Gr.
/ (sc. / foot).] (Pros.) A metrical
foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones; according to
some, two long and a short.
Bac"chus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/] (Myth.) The god of wine, son of
Jupiter and Semele.
Bac*cif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
baccifer; bacca berry + ferre to
bear] Producing berries. \'bd
Bacciferous trees.\'b8
Ray.
Bac"ci*form (?), a. [L.
bacca berry + -form. ] Having
the form of a berry.
Bac*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L.
bacca berry + varare to devour.]
(Zo\'94l.) Eating, or subsisting on, berries;
as, baccivorous birds.
Bace (?), n., a., & v. See
Base. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{Bach"a*rach, Back"a*rack }
(?), n. A kind of wine made at
Bacharach on the Rhine.
Bache"e*lor (?), n. [OF.
bacheler young man, F. bachelier (cf.Pr.
bacalar, Sp.bachiller, Pg.
bacharel, It. baccalare), LL.
baccalarius the tenant of a kind of farm called
baccalaria, a soldier not old or rich enough to lead
his retainers into battle with a banner, person of an inferior
academical degree aspiring to a doctorate. In the latter sense,
it was afterward changed to baccalaureus. See
Baccalaureate, n.]
1. A man of any age who has not been married.
As merry and mellow an old bachelor as ever
followed a hound.
W. Irving.
2. An unmarried woman. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
<-- p. 110 -->
3. A person who has taken the first or lowest
degree in the liberal arts, or in some branch of science, at a
college or university; as, a bachelor of
arts.
4. A knight who had no standard of his own, but
fought under the standard of another in the field; often, a young
knight.
5. In the companies of London tradesmen, one not
yet admitted to wear the livery; a junior member.
[Obs.]
6. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of bass, an edible
fresh-water fish (Pomoxys annularis) of the southern
United States.
Bach"e*lor*dom (?), n. The
state of bachelorhood; the whole body of bachelors.
Bach"e*lor*hood (?), n. The
state or condition of being a bachelor; bachelorship.
Bach"e*lor*ism (?), n.
Bachelorhood; also, a manner or peculiarity belonging to
bachelors.
W. Irving.
Bach"e*lor's but"ton (?),
(Bot.) A plant with flowers shaped like buttons;
especially, several species of Ranunculus, and the
cornflower (Centaures cyanus) and globe amaranth
(Gomphrena).
Bachelor's buttons, a name given to
several flowers \'bdfrom their similitude to the jagged cloathe
buttons, anciently worne in this kingdom\'b8, according to
Johnson's Gerarde, p.472 (1633); but by other writers
ascribed to \'bda habit of country fellows to carry them in their
pockets to divine their success with their sweethearts.\'b8
Dr. Prior.
Bach"e*lor*ship, n. The state of being a
bachelor.
Bach"el*ry (?), n. [OF.
bachelerie.] The body of young aspirants
for knighthood. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ba*cil"lar (?), a. [L.
bacillum little staff.] (Biol.)
Shaped like a rod or staff.
\'d8Bac"il*la`ri*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr.L. bacillum, dim. of baculum
stick.] (Biol.) See Diatom.
Bac"il*la*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to little rods; rod-shaped.
Ba*cil"li*form (?), a. [L.
bacillum little staff + -form.]
Rod-shaped.
Ba*cil"lus (?), n.; pl.
Bacilli (/). [NL., for L.
bacillum. See Bacillarle.]
(Biol.) A variety of bacterium; a microscopic,
rod-shaped vegetable organism.
Back (?), n. [F.
bac: cf. Arm. bak tray, bowl.]
1. A large shallow vat; a cistern, tub, or trough, used
by brewers, distillers, dyers, picklers, gluemakers, and others,
for mixing or cooling wort, holding water, hot glue, etc.
Hop back, Jack back,
the cistern which receives the infusion of malt and hops from
the copper. -- Wash back, a vat in which
distillers ferment the wort to form wash. -- Water
back, a cistern to hold a supply of water; esp. a small
cistern at the back of a stove, or a group of pipes set in the
fire box of a stove or furnace, through which water circulates
and is heated.
2. A ferryboat. See Bac, 1
Back (?), n. [As
b\'91c, bac; akin to Icel., Sw., & LG.
bak, Dan. bag; cf. OHG. bahho
ham, Skr. bhaj to turn, OSlav. b/g/
flight. Cf. Bacon.] 1. In human
beings, the hinder part of the body, extending from the neck to
the end of the spine; in other animals, that part of the body
which corresponds most nearly to such part of a human being;
as, the back of a horse, fish, or
lobster.
2. An extended upper part, as of a mountain or
ridge.
[The mountains] their broad bare backs upheave
Into the clouds.
Milton.
3. The outward or upper part of a thing, as opposed
to the inner or lower part; as, the back of the
hand, the back of the foot, the back of a hand
rail.
Methought Love pitying me, when he saw this,
Gave me your hands, the backs and palms to kiss.
Donne.
4. The part opposed to the front; the hinder or
rear part of a thing; as, the back of a book; the
back of an army; the back of a
chimney.
5. The part opposite to, or most remote from, that
which fronts the speaker or actor; or the part out of sight, or
not generally seen; as, the back of an island, of a
hill, or of a village.
6. The part of a cutting tool on the opposite side
from its edge; as, the back of a knife, or of a
saw.
7. A support or resource in reserve.
This project
Should have a back or second, that might hold,
If this should blast in proof.
Shak.
8. (Naut.) The keel and keelson of a
ship.
9. (Mining) The upper part of a lode, or
the roof of a horizontal underground passage.
10. A garment for the back; hence, clothing.
A bak to walken inne by daylight.
Chaucer.
Behind one's back, when one is absent; without
one's knowledge; as, to ridicule a person behind his
back. -- Full back, Half
back, Quarter back (Football),
players stationed behind those in the front line. --
To be or lie on one's back, to be helpless.
-- To put, or get, one's back
up, to assume an attitude of obstinate
resistance (from the action of a cat when attacked.).
[Colloq.] -- To see the back of, to
get rid of. -- To turn the back, to go away;
to flee. -- To turn the back on one, to
forsake or neglect him.
Back, a. 1. Being at the back
or in the rear; distant; remote; as, the back door;
back settlements.
2. Being in arrear; overdue; as, back
rent.
3. Moving or operating backward; as,
back action.
Back charges, charges brought forward after an
account has been made up. -- Back filling
(Arch.), the mass of materials used in filling up
the space between two walls, or between the inner and outer faces
of a wall, or upon the haunches of an arch or vault. --
Back pressure. (Steam Engine) See under
Pressure. -- Back rest, a guide
attached to the slide rest of a lathe, and placed in contact with
the work, to steady it in turning. -- Back slang,
a kind of slang in which every word is written or pronounced
backwards; as, nam for man. --
Back stairs, stairs in the back part of a house;
private stairs. Also used adjectively. See Back stairs,
Backstairs, and Backstair, in the
Vocabulary. -- Back step (Mil.),
the retrograde movement of a man or body of men, without
changing front. -- Back stream, a current
running against the main current of a stream; an eddy. --
To take the back track, to retrace one's steps; to
retreat. [Colloq.]
Back (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Backed
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Backing.]
1. To get upon the back of; to mount.
I will back him [a horse] straight.
Shak.
2. To place or seat upon the back.
[R.]
Great Jupiter, upon his eagle backed,
Appeared to me.
Shak.
3. To drive or force backward; to cause to retreat
or recede; as, to back oxen.
4. To make a back for; to furnish with a back;
as, to back books.
5. To adjoin behind; to be at the back of.
A garden . . . with a vineyard backed.
Shak.
The chalk cliffs which back the beach.
Huxley.
6. To write upon the back of; as, to
back a letter; to indorse; as, to back
a note or legal document.
7. To support; to maintain; to second or strengthen
by aid or influence; as, to back a
friend. \'bdParliament would be backed by
the people.\'b8
Macaulay.
Have still found it necessary to back and fortify
their laws with rewards and punishments.
South.
The mate backed the captain manfully.
Blackw. Mag.
8. To bet on the success of; -- as, to
back a race horse.
To back an anchor (Naut.), to lay
down a small anchor ahead of a large one, the cable of the small
one being fastened to the crown of the large one. -- To
back the field, in horse racing, to bet against a
particular horse or horses, that some one of all the other
horses, collectively designated \'bdthe field\'b8, will win.
-- To back the oars, to row backward with the
oars. -- To back a rope, to put on a
preventer. -- To back the sails, to arrange
them so as to cause the ship to move astern. -- To
back up, to support; to sustain; as, to back up one's
friends. -- To back a warrant (Law),
is for a justice of the peace, in the county where the
warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued
in another county, to apprehend an offender. -- To back
water (Naut.), to reverse the action of the
oars, paddles, or propeller, so as to force the boat or ship
backward.
Back, v. i. 1. To move or go
backward; as, the horse refuses to back.
2. (Naut.) To change from one quarter to
another by a course opposite to that of the sun; -- used of the
wind.
3. (Sporting) To stand still behind
another dog which has poined; -- said of a dog.
[Eng.]
To back and fill, to manage the sails of a
ship so that the wind strikes them alternately in front and
behind, in order to keep the ship in the middle of a river or
channel while the current or tide carries the vessel against the
wind. Hence: (Fig.) To take opposite
positions alternately; to assert and deny.
[Colloq.] -- To back out, To
back down, to retreat or withdraw from a
promise, engagement, or contest; to recede.
[Colloq.]
Cleon at first . . . was willing to go; but, finding that he
[Nicias] was in earnest, he tried to back out.
Jowett (Thucyd. )
Back, adv. [Shortened from
aback.] 1. In, to, or toward, the
rear; as, to stand back; to step
back.
2. To the place from which one came; to the place
or person from which something is taken or derived; as, to go
back for something left behind; to go back to
one's native place; to put a book back after reading
it.
3. To a former state, condition, or station;
as, to go back to private life; to go back
to barbarism.
4. ( Of time) In times past; ago. \'bdSixty
or seventy years back.\'b8
Gladstone.
5. Away from contact; by reverse movement.
The angel of the Lord . . . came, and rolled back
the stone from the door.
Matt. xxvii. 2.
6. In concealment or reserve; in one's own
possession; as, to keep back the truth; to keep
back part of the money due to another.
7. In a state of restraint or hindrance.
The Lord hath kept thee back from honor.
Numb. xxiv. 11.
8. In return, repayment, or requital.
What have I to give you back!
Shak.
9. In withdrawal from a statement, promise, or
undertaking; as, he took back0 the offensive
words.
10. In arrear; as, to be back in one's
rent. [Colloq.]
Back and forth, backwards and forwards; to and
fro. -- To go back on, to turn back from;
to abandon; to betray; as, to go back on a friend;
to go back on one's professions.
[Colloq.]
Back"a*rack (?), n. See
Bacharach.
Bac*ka"re (?), interj. Same as
Baccare.
Back"band` (?), n. [2nd
back ,n.+ band.]
(Saddlery) The band which passes over the back of
a horse and holds up the shafts of a carriage.
Back"bite`, v. i. [2nd back,
n., + bite] To wound by clandestine
detraction; to censure meanly or spitefully (as absent person);
to slander or speak evil of (one absent).
Spenser.
Back"bite`, v. i. To censure or revile
the absent.
They are arrant knaves, and will backbite.
Shak.
Back"bit`er (?), n. One who
backbites; a secret calumniator or detractor.
Back"bit`ing (?), n. Secret
slander; detraction.
Backbiting, and bearing of false witness.
Piers Plowman.
Back"board` (?), n. [2nd
back, n. + board.]
1. A board which supports the back wen one is
sitting;
specifically, the board athwart the after part of a
boat.
2. A board serving as the back part of anything, as
of a wagon.
3. A thin stuff used for the backs of framed
pictures, mirrors, etc.
4. A board attached to the rim of a water wheel to
prevent the water from running off the floats or paddies into the
interior of the wheel.
W. Nicholson.
5. A board worn across the back to give erectness
to the figure.
Thackeray.
Back"bond` (?), n.
[Back, adv. + bond.]
(Scots Law) An instrument which, in conjunction
with another making an absolute disposition, constitutes a
trust.
Back"bone", n. [2d
back,n.+ bone. ]
1. The column of bones in the back which sustains
and gives firmness to the frame; the spine; the vertebral or
spinal column.
2. Anything like , or serving the purpose of, a
backbone.
The lofty mountains on the north side compose the granitic
axis, or backbone of the country.
Darwin.
We have now come to the backbone of our
subject.
Earle.
3. Firmness; moral principle; steadfastness.
Shelley's thought never had any backbone.
Shairp.
To the backbone, through and through;
thoroughly; entirely. \'bdStaunch to the
backbone.\'b8
Lord Lytton.
Back"boned" (?), a.
Vertebrate.
Back"cast` (?), n.
[Back, adv.+ cast.]
Anything which brings misfortune upon one, or causes failure
in an effort or enterprise; a reverse. [Scot.]
Back" door" (?). A door in the back part
of a building; hence, an indirect way.
Atterbury.
Back"door", a. Acting from behind and in
concealment; as backdoor intrigues.
Back"down` (?), n. A receding
or giving up; a complete surrender.
[Colloq.]
Backed (?), a. Having a back;
fitted with a back; as, a backed electrotype or
stereotype plate. Used in composition; as, broad-
backed; hump-backed.
Back"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, backs; especially one who backs a person or thing in
a contest.
Back"fall` (?), n. [2nd
back ,n. + fall] A fall or throw
on the back in wrestling.
Back"friend` (?), n.
[Back,n.or adv. +
friend] A secret enemy.
[Obs.]
South.
Back"gam`mon (?), n. [Origin
unknown; perhaps fr.Dan. bakke tray + E.
game; or very likely the first part is from
E.back, adv., and the game is so called because the
men are often set back.] A game of chance
and skill, played by two persons on a \'bdboard\'b8 marked off
into twenty-four spaces called \'bdpoints\'b8. Each player has
fifteen pieces, or \'bdmen\'b8, the movements of which from point
to point are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called
tables.
Backgammon board , a board for playing
backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays
hinged together, each tray containing two
\'bdtables\'b8.
Back"gam`mon, v. i. In the game of
backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear
of his first \'bdtable\'b8.
Back"ground` (?), n.
[Back, a. + ground.]
1. Ground in the rear or behind, or in the
distance, as opposed to the foreground, or the ground in
front.
2. (Paint.) The space which is behind
and subordinate to a portrait or group of figures.
background.
Fairholt.
3. Anything behind, serving as a foil; as, the
statue had a background of red hangings.
4. A place in obscurity or retirement, or out of
sight.
I fancy there was a background of grinding and
waiting before Miss Torry could produce this highly finished . .
. performance.
Mrs. Alexander.
A husband somewhere in the background.
Thackeray.
Back"hand` (?), n.
[Back, adv. + hand.] A
kind of handwriting in which the downward slope of the letters is
from left to right.
Back"hand`, a. 1. Sloping from
left to right; -- said of handwriting.
2. Backhanded; indirect; oblique.
[R.]
Back"hand`ed, a. 1. With the
hand turned backward; as, a backhanded
blow.
2. Indirect; awkward; insincere; sarcastic; as,
a backhanded compliment.
3. Turned back, or inclining to the left; as, a
backhanded letters.
Back"hand`ed*ness, n. State of being
backhanded; the using of backhanded or indirect methods.
Back"hand`er (?), n. A
backhanded blow.
Back"house` (?), n.
[Back, a. + house.] A
building behind the main building. Specifically: A privy; a
necessary.
Back"ing, n. 1. The act of
moving backward, or of putting or moving anything backward.
2. That which is behind, and forms the back of,
anything, usually giving strength or stability.
3. Support or aid given to a person or cause.
4. (Bookbinding) The preparation of the
back of a book with glue, etc., before putting on the
cover.
Back"joint` (?), n.
[Back , a. or adv. + joint.]
(Arch.) A rebate or chase in masonry left to
receive a permanent slab or other filling.
Back"lash` (?), n.
[Back , adv. + lash.]
(Mech.) The distance through which one part of
connected machinery, as a wheel, piston, or screw, can be moved
without moving the connected parts, resulting from looseness in
fitting or from wear; also, the jarring or reflex motion caused
in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a
reverse of motion.
Back"less, a. Without a back.
Back"log` (?), n.
[Back, a. + log.] A large
stick of wood, forming the of a fire on the hearth.
[U.S.]
There was first a backlog, from fifteen to four and
twenty inches in diameter and five feet long, imbedded in the
ashes.
S. G. Goodrich.
{ Back"piece` (?), Back"plate`
(?), } n.
[Back,n.or a. + piece,
plate. ] A piece, or plate which forms the
back of anything, or which covers the back; armor for the
back.
<-- p. 111 -->
{ Back"rack (?), Back"rag
(?), } n. See
Bacharach.
Backs (?), n. pl. Among
leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
Back"saw` (?), n. [2d
back,n.+ saw.] A saw (as a tenon
saw) whose blade is stiffened by an added metallic back.
Back"set` (?), n.
[Back, adv. + set.]
1. A check; a relapse; a discouragement; a
setback.
2. Whatever is thrown back in its course, as
water.
Slackwater, or the backset caused by the
overflow.
Harper's Mag.
Back"set`, v. i. To plow again, in the
fall; -- said of prairie land broken up in the spring.
[Western U.S.]
Back"set"tler (?), n.
[Back, a. + settler.] One
living in the back or outlying districts of a community.
The English backsettlers of Leinster and
Munster.
Macaulay.
{ \'d8Back"sheesh`, \'d8Back"shish`
} (?), n. [Pers.
bakhsh\'c6sh, fr. bakhsh\'c6dan to
give.] In Egypt and the Turkish empire, a gratuity; a
\'bdtip\'b8.
Back"side` (?), n.
[Back, a. + side. ] The
hinder part, posteriors, or rump of a person or animal.
Backside (one word) was formerly used of
the rear part or side of any thing or place, but in such senses
is now two words.
Back"sight` (?), n.
[Back, adv. + sight. ]
(Surv.) The reading of the leveling staff in its
unchanged position when the leveling instrument has been taken to
a new position; a sight directed backwards to a station
previously occupied. Cf. Foresight, n.,
3.
Back`slide" (?), v. i.
[imp. Backslid (?);
p.p. Backslidden (?),
Backslid; p. pr. & vb. n.
Backsliding. ] [Back , adv.+
slide.] To slide back; to fall away; esp.
to abandon gradually the faith and practice of a religion that
has been professed.
Back"slid"er (?), n. One who
backslides.
Back"slid"ing, a. Slipping back; falling
back into sin or error; sinning.
Turn, O backsliding children, saith the Lord.
Jer. iii. 14.
Back"slid"ing, n. The act of one who
backslides; abandonment of faith or duty.
Our backslidings are many.
Jer. xiv. 7.
Back"staff` (?), n. An
instrument formerly used for taking the altitude of the heavenly
bodies, but now superseded by the quadrant and sextant; -- so
called because the observer turned his back to the body
observed.
Back" stairs`. Stairs in the back part of a house,
as distinguished from the front stairs; hence, a
private or indirect way.
{ Back"stairs`, Back"stair` },
a. Private; indirect; secret; intriguing; as if
finding access by the back stairs.
A backstairs influence.
Burke.
Female caprice and backstairs influence.
Trevelyan.
Back"stay` (?), n.
[Back, a. orn.+
stay.] 1. (Naut.) A
rope or stay extending from the masthead to the side of a ship,
slanting a little aft, to assist the shrouds in supporting the
mast. [ Often used in the plural.]
2. A rope or strap used to prevent excessive
forward motion.
Back"ster (?), n. [See
Baxter.] A backer. [Obs.]
Back"stitch` (?), n.
[Back, adv. + stitch.] A
stitch made by setting the needle back of the end of the last
stitch, and bringing it out in front of the end.
Back"stitch`, v. i. To sew with
backstitches; as, to backstitch a seam.
Back"stress (?), n. A female
baker. [Obs.]
Back"sword` (?), n. [2d
back,n.+ sword.]
1. A sword with one sharp edge.
2. In England, a stick with a basket handle, used
in rustic amusements; also, the game in which the stick is used.
Also called singlestick.
Halliwell.
{ Back"ward (?), Back"wards
(?), } adv. [Back, adv.
+ -ward.] 1. With the back in
advance or foremost; as, to ride
backward.
2. Toward the back; toward the rear; as, to
throw the arms backward.
3. On the back, or with the back downward.
Thou wilt fall backward.
Shak.
4. Toward, or in, past time or events; ago.
Some reigns backward.
Locke.
5. By way of reflection; reflexively.
Sir J. Davies.
6. From a better to a worse state, as from honor to
shame, from religion to sin.
The work went backward.
Dryden.
7. In a contrary or reverse manner, way, or
direction; contrarily; as, to read
backwards.
We might have . . . beat them backward home.
Shak.
Back"ward, a. 1. Directed to
the back or rear; as, backward glances.
2. Unwilling; averse; reluctant; hesitating;
loath.
For wiser brutes were backward to be slaves.
Pope.
3. Not well advanced in learning; not quick of
apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward
child. \'bdThe backward learner.\'b8
South.
4. Late or behindhand; as, a backward
season.
5. Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped;
as, the country or region is in a backward
state.
6. Already past or gone; bygone.
[R.]
And flies unconscious o'er each backward year.
Byron.
Back"ward, n. The state behind or
past. [Obs.]
In the dark backward and abysm of time.
Shak.
Back"ward, v. i. To keep back; to
hinder. [Obs.]
Back`war*da"tion (?), n.
[Backward, v.i.+ -ation.]
(Stock Exchange) The seller's postponement of
delivery of stock or shares, with the consent of the buyer, upon
payment of a premium to the latter; -- also, the premium so paid.
See Contango.
Biddle.
Back"ward*ly (?), adv. 1.
Reluctantly; slowly; aversely. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Perversely; ill.[Obs.]
And does he think so backwardly of me?
Shak.
Back"ward*ness, n. The state of being
backward.
Back"wash` (?), v. i. To clean
the oil from (wood) after combing.
Back"wa`ter (?), n.
[Back, a. or adv. + -ward. ]
1. Water turned back in its course by an
obstruction, an opposing current , or the flow of the tide, as in
a sewer or river channel, or across a river bar.
2. An accumulation of water overflowing the low
lands, caused by an obstruction.
3. Water thrown back by the turning of a
waterwheel, or by the paddle wheels of a steamer.
Back"woods" (?), n. pl.
[Back, a. + woods.] The
forests or partly cleared grounds on the frontiers.
Back"woods"man (?), n.; pl.
Backwoodsmen (/). A men living
in the forest in or beyond the new settlements, especially on the
western frontiers of the older portions of the United
States.
Fisher Ames.
Back"worm` (?), n. [2d
back,n.+ worm. ] A
disease of hawks. See Filanders.
Wright.
Ba"con (?), n. [OF.
bacon, fr. OHG. bacho, bahho,
flitch of bacon, ham; akin to E. back. Cf.
Back the back side.] The back and sides of
a pig salted and smoked; formerly, the flesh of a pig salted or
fresh.
Bacon beetle (Zo\'94l.), a beetle
(Dermestes lardarius) which, especially in the larval
state, feeds upon bacon, woolens, furs, etc. See
Dermestes. -- To save one's bacon,
to save one's self or property from harm or less.
[Colloq.]
Ba*co"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy.
Baconian method, the inductive method. See
Induction.
Bac*te"ri*a (?), n.p. See
Bacterium.
Bac*te"ri*al (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to bacteria.
Bac*te"ri*ci`dal (?), a.
Destructive of bacteria.
Bac*te"ri*cide (?), n.
[Bacterium + L. caedere to
kill] (Biol.) Same as
Germicide.
Bac*te"ri*o*log`ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to bacteriology; as,
bacteriological studies.
Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gist, n. One skilled in
bacteriology.
Bac*te"ri*ol`o*gy (?), n.
[Bacterium + -logy. ]
(Biol.) The science relating to bacteria.
Bac*te`ri*o*scop"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to bacterioscopy; as,
a bacterioscopic examination.
Bac*te`ri*os"co*pist (?), n.
(Biol.) One skilled in bacterioscopic
examinations.
Bac*te`ri*os"co*py (?), n.
[Bacterium + -scopy ]
(Biol.) The application of a knowledge of
bacteria for their detection and identification, as in the
examination of polluted water.
Bac*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Bacteria (#). [NL., fr.
Gr./, /, a staff: cf. F.
bact\'82rie. ] (Biol.) A
microscopic vegetable organism, belonging to the class Alg\'91,
usually in the form of a jointed rodlike filament, and found in
putrefying organic infusions. Bacteria are destitute of
chlorophyll, and are the smallest of microscopic organisms. They
are very widely diffused in nature, and multiply with marvelous
rapidity, both by fission and by spores. Certain species are
active agents in fermentation, while others appear to be the
cause of certain infectious diseases. See
Bacillus.
{ Bac"te*roid (?), Bac`te*roid"al
(?), } a. [Bacterium
+ -oid.] (Biol.) Resembling
bacteria; as, bacteroid particles.
Bac"tri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bactria in Asia. -- n.
A native of Bactria.
Bactrian camel, the two-humped
camel.
Bac"ule (?), n. [F.]
(Fort.) See Bascule.
Bac"u*line (?), a. [L.
baculum staff.] Of or pertaining to the rod
or punishment with the rod.
Bac"u*lite (?), n. [L.
baculune stick, staff; cf. F.
baculite.] (Paleon.) A
cephalopod of the extinct genus Baculites, found
fossil in the Cretaceous rocks. It is like an uncoiled
ammonite.
Bac`u*lom"e*try (?), n. [L.
baculum staff + -metry]
Measurement of distance or altitude by a staff or
staffs.
Bad (?), imp. of Bid.
Bade. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Bad (?), a.
[Compar. Worse (?);
superl. Worst (?). ]
[Probably fr. AS. b\'91ddel hermaphrodite; cf.
b\'91dling effeminate fellow.] Wanting good
qualities, whether physical or moral; injurious, hurtful,
inconvenient, offensive, painful, unfavorable, or defective,
either physically or morally; evil; vicious; wicked; -- the
opposite of good; as a bad man;
bad conduct; bad habits; bad
soil; bad health; bad crop; bad
news.
Sometimes used substantively.
The strong antipathy of good to bad.
Pope.
Syn. -- Pernicious; deleterious; noxious; baneful;
injurious; hurtful; evil; vile; wretched; corrupt; wicked;
vicious; imperfect.
Bad"der (?), compar. of
Bad, a. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bad"der*locks (?), n. [Perh.
for Balderlocks, fr. Balder the
Scandinavian deity.] (Bot.) A large black
seaweed (Alaria esculenta) sometimes eaten in Europe;
-- also called murlins,
honeyware, and
henware.
Bad"dish, a. Somewhat bad;
inferior.
Jeffrey.
Bade (?). A form of the pat tense of
Bid.
Badge (?), n. [LL.
bagea, bagia, sign, prob. of German
origin; cf. AS. be\'a0g, be\'a0h, bracelet,
collar, crown, OS b/g- in comp., AS.
b/gan to bow, bend, G. biegen. See
Bow to bend.] 1. A distinctive mark,
token, sign, or cognizance, worn on the person; as, the
badge of a society; the badge of a
policeman. \'bdTax gatherers, recognized by their
official badges. \'b8
Prescott.
2. Something characteristic; a mark; a token.
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge.
Shak.
3. (Naut.) A carved ornament on the
stern of a vessel, containing a window or the representation of
one.
Badge (?), v. t. To mark or
distinguish with a badge.
Badge"less, a. Having no badge.
Bp. Hall.
Badg"er (?), n. [Of uncertain
origin; perh. fr. an old verb badge to lay up
provisions to sell again.] An itinerant licensed
dealer in commodities used for food; a hawker; a huckster; --
formerly applied especially to one who bought grain in one place
and sold it in another. [Now dialectic, Eng.]
Badg"er, n. [OE. bageard,
prob. fr. badge + -ard, in reference to the
white mark on its forehead. See
Badge,n.] 1. A
carnivorous quadruped of the genus Meles or of an
allied genus. It is a burrowing animal, with short, thick legs,
and long claws on the fore feet. One species (M.
vulgaris), called also brock, inhabits
the north of Europe and Asia; another species (Taxidea
Americana or Labradorica) inhabits the northern parts of
North America. See Teledu.
2. A brush made of badgers' hair, used by
artists.
Badger dog. (Zo\'94l.) See
Dachshund.
Badg"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Badgered (/);p. pr. & vb. n.
Badgering.] [For sense 1, see 2d
Badger; for 2, see 1st Badger.]
1. To tease or annoy, as a badger when baited; to
worry or irritate persistently.
2. To beat down; to cheapen; to barter; to
bargain.
Badg"er*er (?), n. 1.
One who badgers.
2. A kind of dog used in badger baiting.
Badg"er*ing, n. 1. The act of
one who badgers.
2. The practice of buying wheat and other kinds of
food in one place and selling them in another for a profit.
[Prov. Eng.]
Badg"er-legged` (?), a. Having
legs of unequal length, as the badger was thought to have.
Shak.
\'d8Bad`i*a"ga (?), n. [Russ.
badiaga.] (Zo\'94l.) A
fresh-water sponge (Spongilla), common in the north of
Europe, the powder of which is used to take away the livid marks
of bruises.
\'d8Ba"di*an (?), n.
[F.badiane, fr. Per. b\'bedi\'ben
anise.] (Bot.) An evergreen Chinese shrub
of the Magnolia family (Illicium anisatum), and its
aromatic seeds; Chinese anise; star anise.
Ba*di"geon (?), n. [F.]
A cement or paste (as of plaster and freestone, or of
sawdust and glue or lime) used by sculptors, builders, and
workers in wood or stone, to fill holes, cover defects, or finish
a surface.
\'d8Ba`di`nage" (?), n. [F.,
fr. badiner to joke, OF. to trifle, be silly, fr.
badin silly.] Playful raillery;
banter. \'bdHe . . . indulged himself only in an elegant
badinage.\'b8
Warburton.
Bad" lands" (?). Barren regions,
especially in the western United States, where horizontal strata
(Tertiary deposits) have been often eroded into fantastic forms,
and much intersected by canons, and where lack of wood, water,
and forage increases the difficulty of traversing the country,
whence the name, first given by the Canadian French,
Mauvaises Terres (bad lands).
Bad"ly, adv. In a bad manner; poorly;
not well; unskillfully; imperfectly; unfortunately; grievously;
so as to cause harm; disagreeably; seriously.
Badly is often used colloquially for
very much or very greatly, with words
signifying to want or need.
Bad"min*ton (?), n. [From the
name of the seat of the Duke of Beaufort in England.]
1. A game, similar to lawn tennis, played with
shuttlecocks.
2. A preparation of claret, spiced and
sweetened.
Bad"ness, n. The state of being
bad.
\'d8B\'91"no*mere (?), n. [Gr.
/ to walk + -mere.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the somites (arthromeres) that
make up the thorax of Arthropods.
Packard.
B\'91"no*pod (?), n. [Gr. /
to walk + -pod.] (Zo\'94l.) One
of the thoracic legs of Arthropods.
\'d8B\'91"no*some (?), n. [Gr.
/ to walk + -some body.] (Zo\'94l.)
The thorax of Arthropods.
Packard.
Baff (?), n. A blow; a
stroke. [Scot.]
H. Miller.
Baf"fle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Baffled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Baffling
(/).] [Cf. Lowland Scotch
bauchle to treat contemptuously, bauch
tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. b\'begr uneasy, poor,
or b\'begr, n., struggle, b\'91gja to push,
treat harshly, OF. beffler, beffer, to
mock, deceive, dial. G. b\'84ppe mouth,
beffen to bark, chide.]
1. To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as
a recreant knight. [Obs.]
He by the heels him hung upon a tree,
And baffled so, that all which passed by
The picture of his punishment might see.
Spenser.
2. To check by shifts and turns; to elude; to
foil.
The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim.
Cowper.
3. To check by perplexing; to disconcert,
frustrate, or defeat; to thwart. \'bdA baffled
purpose.\'b8
De Quincey.
A suitable scripture ready to repel and baffle them
all.
South.
Calculations so difficult as to have baffled, until
within a . . . recent period, the most enlightened nations.
Prescott.
The mere intricacy of a question should not baffle
us.
Locke.
Baffling wind (Naut.), one that
frequently shifts from one point to another.
Syn. -- To balk; thwart; foil; frustrate; defeat.
Baf"fle, v. i. 1. To practice
deceit. [Obs.]
Barrow.
2. To struggle against in vain; as, a ship
baffles with the winds. [R.]
Baf"fle, n. A defeat by artifice,
shifts, and turns; discomfiture. [R.] \'bdA
baffle to philosophy.\'b8
South.
Baf"fle*ment (?), n. The
process or act of baffling, or of being baffled; frustration;
check.
Baf"fler (?), n. One who, or
that which, baffles.
<-- p. 112 -->
Baf"fling (?), a. Frustrating;
discomfiting; disconcerting; as, baffling currents,
winds, tasks. -- Bafflingly,
adv. -- Bafflingness,
n.
Baft (?). n. Same as
Bafta.
Baf"ta (?), n. [Cf. Per.
baft. woven, wrought.] A coarse stuff,
usually of cotton, originally made in India. Also, an imitation
of this fabric made for export.
Bag (?), n. [OE.
bagge; cf. Icel. baggi, and also OF.
bague, bundle, LL. baga.] 1.
A sack or pouch, used for holding anything; as, a
bag of meal or of money.
2. A sac, or dependent gland, in animal bodies,
containing some fluid or other substance; as, the
bag of poison in the mouth of some serpents; the
bag of a cow.
3. A sort of silken purse formerly tied about men's
hair behind, by way of ornament. [Obs.]
4. The quantity of game bagged.
5. (Com.) A certain quantity of a
commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack;
as, a bag of pepper or hops; a bag of
coffee.
Bag and baggage, all that belongs to one.
-- To give one the bag, to disappoint him.
[Obs.]
Bunyan.
Bag, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bagged(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bagging] 1. To put into a bag;
as, to bag hops.
2. To seize, capture, or entrap; as, to
bag an army; to bag game.
3. To furnish or load with a bag or with a well
filled bag.
A bee bagged with his honeyed venom.
Dryden.
Bag, v. i. 1. To swell or hang
down like a full bag; as, the skin bags from
containing morbid matter.
2. To swell with arrogance.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. To become pregnant. [Obs.]
Warner. (Alb. Eng. ).
\'d8Ba*gasse" (?), n.
[F.] Sugar cane, as it /omes crushed from the
mill. It is then dried and used as fuel. Also extended to the
refuse of beetroot sugar.
\'d8Bag`a*telle" (?), n. [F.,
fr. It. bagatella; cf. Prov. It. bagata
trifle, OF. bague, Pr. bagua, bundle. See
Bag, n.] 1. A trifle; a
thing of no importance.
Rich trifles, serious bagatelles.
Prior.
2. A game played on an oblong board, having, at one
end, cups or arches into or through which balls are to be driven
by a rod held in the hand of the player.
Bag"gage (?), n. [F.
bagage, from OF. bague bungle. In senses 6
and 7 cf. F. bagasse a prostitute. See Bag,
n.] 1. The clothes, tents,
utensils, and provisions of an army.
Farrow.
2. The trunks, valises, satchels, etc., which a
traveler carries with him on a journey; luggage.
The baronet's baggage on the roof of the coach.
Thackeray.
We saw our baggage following below.
Johnson.
luggage.
3. Purulent matter. [Obs.]
Barrough.
4. Trashy talk. [Obs.]
Ascham.
5. A man of bad character.
[Obs.]
Holland.
6. A woman of loose morals; a prostitute.
A disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French
baggage.
Thackeray.
7. A romping, saucy girl.
[Playful]
Goldsmith.
Bag"gage mas`ter (?). One who has charge
of the baggage at a railway station or upon a line of public
travel. [U.S.]
Bag"ga*ger (?), n. One who
takes care of baggage; a camp follower. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
\'d8Bag"ga*la (?), n. [Ar.
\'bdfem. of baghl a mule.\'b8
Balfour.] (Naut.) A two-masted
Arab or Indian trading vessel, used in Indian Ocean.
Bag"gi*ly (?), adv. In a loose,
baggy way.
Bag"ging, n. 1. Cloth or other
material for bags.
2. The act of putting anything into, or as into, a
bag.
3. The act of swelling; swelling.
Bag"ging, n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
Reaping peas, beans, wheat, etc., with a chopping
stroke. [Eng.]
Bag"gy (?), a. Resembling a
bag; loose or puffed out, or pendent, like a bag; flabby; as,
baggy trousers; baggy cheeks.
Bag"man (?), n.; pl.
Bagmen (/). A commercial
traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and
tradesmen.
Thackeray.
Bag" net` (?). A bag-shaped net for
catching fish.
Bagn"io (?), n. [It.
bagno, fr. L. balneum. Cf.
Bain.] 1. A house for bathing,
sweating, etc.; -- also, in Turkey, a prison for slaves.
[Obs.]
2. A brothel; a stew; a house of
prostitution.
Bag"pipe (?), n. A musical wind
instrument, now used chiefly in the Highlands of Scotland.
drone; the
third, or chanter, gives the melody.
Bag"pipe, v. t. To make to look like a
bagpipe.
To bagpipe the mizzen (Naut.), to
lay it aback by bringing the sheet to the mizzen rigging.
Totten.
Bag"pip`er (?), n. One who
plays on a bagpipe; a piper.
Shak.
Bag"reef` (?), n.
[Bag + reef.] (Naut.)
The lower reef of fore and aft sails; also, the upper reef
of topsails.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
\'d8Bague (?), n. [F., a
ring] (Arch.) The annular molding or group
of moldings dividing a long shaft or clustered column into two or
more parts.
{ Ba*guet", Ba*guette" }
(?), n. [F. baguette, prop. a
rod/ It. bacchetta, fr. L. baculum,
baculu/ stick, staff.] 1.
(Arch.) A small molding, like the astragal, but
smaller; a bead.
2. (Zo\'94l) One of the minute bodies
seen in the divided nucleoli of some Infusoria after
conjugation.
Bag"wig" (?), n. A wig, in use
in the 18th century, with the hair at the back of the head in a
bag.
Bag"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of several lepidopterous insects
which construct, in the larval state, a baglike case which they
carry about for protection. One species (Plat\'d2ceticus
Gloveri) feeds on the orange tree. See Basket
worm.
Bah (?), interj. An exclamation
expressive of extreme contempt.
Twenty-five years ago the vile ejaculation, Bah!
was utterly unknown to the English public.
De Quincey.
\'d8Ba*har" (?), n. [Ar.
bah\'ber, from bahara to charge with a
load.] A weight used in certain parts of the East
Indies, varying considerably in different localities, the range
being from 223 to 625 pounds.
Baigne (?), v. i. [F.
baigner to bathe, fr. L. balneum
bath.] To soak or drench. [Obs.]
Bail (?), n. [F.
baille a bucket, pail; cf. LL. bacula, dim.
of bacca a sort of vessel. Cf. Bac.]
A bucket or scoop used in bailing water out of a boat.
[Obs.]
The bail of a canoe . . . made of a human
skull.
Capt. Cook.
Bail, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bailed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bailing.] 1. To lade; to dip
and throw; -- usually with out; as, to
bail water out of a boat.
Buckets . . . to bail out the water.
Capt. J. Smith.
2. To dip or lade water from; -- often with
out to express completeness; as, to bail
a boat.
By the help of a small bucket and our hats we
bailed her out.
R. H. Dana, Jr.
Bail, v./t. [OF. bailler to
give, to deliver, fr. L. bajulare to bear a burden,
keep in custody, fr. bajulus / who bears
burdens.] 1. To deliver; to release.
[Obs.]
Ne none there was to rescue her, ne none to
bail.
Spenser.
2. (Law) (a) To set free, or
deliver from arrest, or out of custody, on the undertaking of
some other person or persons that he or they will be responsible
for the appearance, at a certain day and place, of the person
bailed.
bails (but admits to bail is
commoner) a man when he liberates him from arrest or imprisonment
upon bond given with sureties. The surety bails a
person when he procures his release from arrest by giving bond
for his appearance.
Blackstone.
(b) To deliver, as goods in trust, for some special
object or purpose, upon a contract, expressed or implied, that
the trust shall be faithfully executed on the part of the bailee,
or person intrusted; as, to bail cloth to a tailor
to be made into a garment; to bail goods to a
carrier.
Blackstone. Kent.
Bail, n. [OF. bail guardian,
administrator, fr. L. bajulus. See Bail to
deliver.] 1. Custody; keeping.
[Obs.]
Silly Faunus now within their bail.
Spenser.
2. (Law) (a) The person or
persons who procure the release of a prisoner from the custody of
the officer, or from imprisonment, by becoming surely for his
appearance in court.
The bail must be real, substantial bondsmen.
Blackstone.
A. and B. were bail to the arrest in a suit at
law.
Kent.
(b) The security given for the appearance of a
prisoner in order to obtain his release from custody of the
officer; as, the man is out on bail; to go
bail for any one.
Excessive bail ought not to be required.
Blackstone.
Bail, n. [OE. beyl; cf. Dan.
b\'94ile an bending, ring, hoop, Sw.
b\'94gel, bygel, and Icel. beyla
hump, swelling, akin to E. bow to bend.]
1. The arched handle of a kettle, pail, or similar
vessel, usually movable.
Forby.
2. A half hoop for supporting the cover of a
carrier's wagon, awning of a boat, etc.
Bail, n. [OF. bail,
baille. See Bailey.] 1.
(Usually pl.) A line of palisades serving as an
exterior defense. [Written also
bayle.] [Obs.]
2. The outer wall of a feudal castle. Hence: The
space inclosed by it; the outer court.
Holinshed.
3. A certain limit within a forest.
[Eng.]
4. A division for the stalls of an open
stable.
5. (Cricket) The top or cross piece ( or
either of the two cross pieces) of the wicket.
Bail"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Having the right or privilege of being admitted to bail,
upon bond with sureties; -- used of persons. \'bdHe's
bailable, I'm sure.\'b8
Ford.
2. Admitting of bail; as, a bailable
offense.
3. That can be delivered in trust; as,
bailable goods.
Bail" bond` (?). (Law) (a)
A bond or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety, to
insure the prisoner's appearance in court, at the return of the
writ. (b) Special bail in court to abide the
judgment.
Bouvier.
Bail`ee" (?), n. [OF.
baill\'82, p.p. of bailler. See
Bail to deliver.] (Law) The person
to whom goods are committed in trust, and who has a temporary
possession and a qualified property in them, for the purposes of
the trust.
Blackstone.
Wharton.
Bail"er (?), n. (Law)
See Bailor.
Bail"er, n. 1. One who bails or
lades.
2. A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing;
a machine for bailing water out of a pit.
Bai"ley (?), n. [The same word
as bail line of palisades; cf. LL. ballium
bailey, OF. bail, baille, a palisade,
baillier to inclose, shut.] 1. The
outer wall of a feudal castle. [Obs.]
2. The space immediately within the outer wall of a
castle or fortress. [Obs.]
3. A prison or court of justice; -- used in certain
proper names; as, the Old Bailey in London; the
New Bailey in Manchester. [Eng.]
Oxf. Gloss.
Bail"ie (?), n. [See
Bailiff.] An officer in Scotland, whose
office formerly corresponded to that of sheriff, but now
corresponds to that of an English alderman.
Bail"iff (?), n. [OF.
baillif, F. bailli, custodia/ magistrate,
fr. L. bajulus porter. See Bail to
deliver.]
1. Originally, a person put in charge of something
especially, a chief officer, magistrate, or keeper, as of a
county, town, hundred, or castle; one to whom power/ of custody
or care are intrusted.
Abbott.
Lausanne is under the canton of Berne, governed by a
bailiff sent every three years from the senate.
Addison.
2. (Eng. Law) A sheriff's deputy,
appointed to make arrests, collect fines, summon juries,
etc.
bailiff is
seldom used except sometimes to signify a sheriff's officer or
constable, or a party liable to account to another for the rent
and profits of real estate.
Burrill.
3. An overseer or under steward of an estate, who
directs husbandry operations, collects rents, etc.
[Eng.]
Bail"iff*wick (?), n. See
Bailiwick. [Obs.]
Bail"i*wick (?), n.
[Bailie, bailiff + wick a
village.] (Law) The precincts within which
a bailiff has jurisdiction; the limits of a bailiff's
authority.
Bail"lie (?), n. 1.
Bailiff. [Obs.]
2. Same as Bailie.
[Scot.]
Bail"ment (?), n. 1.
(Law) The action of bailing a person
accused.
Bailment . . . is the saving or delivery of a man
out of prison before he hath satisfied the law.
Dalton.
2. (Law) A delivery of goods or money by
one person to another in trust, for some special purpose, upon a
contract, expressed or implied, that the trust shall be
faithfully executed.
Blackstone.
Story.
Bail`or" (?), n. (Law)
One who delivers goods or money to another in trust.
Bail"piece` (?), n. (Law)
A piece of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance or
bail bond.
Bain (?), n. [F.
bain, fr. L. balneum. Cf.
Bagnio.] A bath; a bagnio.
[Obs.]
Holland.
\'d8Bain`-ma`rie" (?), n.
[F.] A vessel for holding hot water in which
another vessel may be heated without scorching its contents; --
used for warming or preparing food or pharmaceutical
preparations.
\'d8Bai"ram (?), n. [Turk.
ba\'8br\'bem.] The name of two Mohammedan
festivals, of which one is held at the close of the fast called
Ramadan, and the other seventy days after the fast.
Bairn (?), n. [Scot.
bairn, AS. bearn, fr. beran to
bear; akin to Icel., OS., &Goth. barn. See
Bear to support.] A child. [Scot.
& Prov. Eng.]
Has he not well provided for the bairn !
Beau. & Fl.
Baise"mains` (?), n. pl. [F.,
fr. baiser to kiss + mains hands.]
Respects; compliments. [Obs.]
Bait (?), n. [Icel.
beita food, beit pasture, akin to AS.
b\'bet food, Sw. bete. See Bait,
v. i.] 1. Any substance, esp.
food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them
to a hook, snare, inclosure, or net.
2. Anything which allures; a lure; enticement;
temptation.
Fairfax.
3. A portion of food or drink, as a refreshment
taken on a journey; also, a stop for rest and refreshment.
4. A light or hasty luncheon.
Bait bug (Zo\'94l), a crustacean of
the genus Hippa found burrowing in sandy beaches. See
Anomura.
Bait, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Baited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Baiting.] [OE. baiten,
beit/n, to feed, harass, fr. Icel. beita,
orig. to cause to bite, fr. b\'c6ta. Bite.]
1. To provoke and harass; esp., to harass or
torment for sport; as, to bait a bear with dogs; to
bait a bull.
2. To give a portion of food and drink to, upon the
road; as, to bait horses.
Holland.
3. To furnish or cover with bait, as a trap or
hook.
A crooked pin . . . bailed with a vile
earthworm.
W. Irving.
Bait, v. i. To stop to take a portion of
food and drink for refreshment of one's self or one's beasts, on
a journey.
Evil news rides post, while good news baits.
Milton.
My lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence
baiting a/ Newmarket.
Evelyn.
Bait, v. i. [F. battre de
l'aile (or des ailes), to flap o/ flutter. See
Batter, v. i.] To flap the wings;
to flutter as if to fly; or to hover, as a hawk when she stoops
to her prey. \'bdKites that bait and beat.\'b8
Shak.
Bait"er (?), n. One who baits;
a tormentor.
Baize (?), n. [For
bayes, pl. fr. OF. baie; cf. F.
bai bay-colored. See Bay a color.]
A coarse woolen stuff with a long nap; -- usually dyed in
plain colors.
A new black baize waistcoat lined with silk.
Pepys.
\'d8Ba*joc"co (?), n. [It., fr.
bajo brown, bay, from its color.] A small
cooper coin formerly current in the Roman States, worth about a
cent and a half.
Bake (?), v. t.
[imp.& p. p. Baked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Baking.]
[AS. bacan; akin to D. bakken, OHG.
bacchan, G. backen, Icel. & Sw.
baca, Dan. bage, Gr. / to roast.]
1. To prepare, as food, by cooking in a dry heat,
either in an oven or under coals, or on heated stone or metal;
as, to bake bread, meat, apples.
Baking is the term usually applied to
that method of cooking which exhausts the moisture in food more
than roasting or broiling; but the distinction of meaning between
roasting and baking is not always observed.
2. To dry or harden (anything) by subjecting to
heat, as, to bake bricks; the sun bakes the
ground.
3. To harden by cold.
The earth . . . is baked with frost.
Shak.
They bake their sides upon the cold, hard
stone.
Spenser.
Bake, v. i. 1. To do the work
of baking something; as, she brews, washes, and
bakes.
Shak.
2. To be baked; to become dry and hard in heat;
as, the bread bakes; the ground bakes in
the hot sun.
Bake, n. The process, or result, of
baking.
Bake"house` (?), n. [AS.
b\'91ch/s. See Bak/, v. i.,
and House.] A house for baking; a
bakery.
<-- p. 113 -->
{ Bake"meat` (?), Baked"-meat`
(?), } n. A pie; baked food.
[Obs.]
Gen. xl. 17. Shak.
Bak"en (?), p. p. of
Bake. [Obs. or. Archaic]
Bak"er (?), n. [AS.
b\'91cere. See Bake, v. i.]
1. One whose business it is to bake bread, biscuit,
etc.
2. A portable oven in which baking is done.
[U.S.]
A baker's dozen, thirteen. -- Baker
foot, a distorted foot. [Obs.] Jer.
Taylor. -- Baker's itch, a rash on the
back of the hand, caused by the irritating properties of
yeast. -- Baker's salt, the subcarbonate of
ammonia, sometimes used instead of soda, in making
bread.
Bak"er-legged` (?), a. Having
legs that bend inward at the knees.
Bak"er*y (?), n. 1.
The trade of a baker. [R.]
2. The place for baking bread; a bakehouse.
Bak"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of cooking in an oven, or of drying and hardening by heat
or cold.
2. The quantity baked at once; a batch; as, a
baking of bread.
Baking powder, a substitute for yeast, usually
consisting of an acid, a carbonate, and a little farinaceous
matter.
Bak"ing*ly, adv. In a hot or baking
manner.
Bak"is*tre (?), n. [See
Baxter.] A baker. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ \'d8Bak"sheesh`, Bak"shish` }
(?), n. Same as
Backsheesh.
Ba"laam (?), n. A paragraph
describing something wonderful, used to fill out a newspaper
column; -- an allusion to the miracle of Balaam's ass
speaking. Numb. xxii. 30. [Cant]
Balaam basket or box (Print.), the
receptacle for rejected articles.
Blackw. Mag.
\'d8Bal"a*chong (?), n. [Malay
b\'belach\'ben.] A condiment formed of
small fishes or shrimps, pounded up with salt and spices, and
then dried. It is much esteemed in China.
\'d8Bal`\'91*noi"de*a (?), n.
[NL., from L. balaena whale +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l) A division of
the Cetacea, including the right whale and all other whales
having the mouth fringed with baleen. See Baleen.
Bal"ance (?), n. [OE.
balaunce, F. balance, fr. L.
bilan/, bilancis, having two scales;
bis twice (akin to E. two) +
lanx plate, scale.] 1. An
apparatus for weighing.
Roman balance, our steelyard,
consisting of a lever or beam, suspended near one of its
extremities, on the longer arm of which a counterpoise slides.
The name is also given to other forms of apparatus for weighing
bodies, as to the combinations of levers making up platform
scales; and even to devices for weighing by the elasticity of a
spring.
2. Act of weighing mentally; comparison;
estimate.
A fair balance of the advantages on either
side.
Atterbury.
3. Equipoise between the weights in opposite
scales.
4. The state of being in equipoise; equilibrium;
even adjustment; steadiness.
And hung a bottle on each side
To make his balance true.
Cowper.
The order and balance of the country were
destroyed.
Buckle.
English workmen completely lose their balance.
J. S. Mill.
5. An equality between the sums total of the two
sides of an account; as, to bring one's accounts to a
balance; -- also, the excess on either side;
as, the balance of an account. \'bd A
balance at the banker's. \'b8
Thackeray.
I still think the balance of probabilities leans
towards the account given in the text.
J. Peile.
6. (Horol.) A balance wheel, as of a
watch, or clock. See Balance wheel (in the
Vocabulary).
7. (Astron.) (a) The
constellation Libra. (b) The
seventh sign in the Zodiac, called Libra, which the
sun enters at the equinox in September.
8. A movement in dancing. See Balance,
v. i., S.
Balance electrometer, a kind of balance, with
a poised beam, which indicates, by weights suspended from one
arm, the mutual attraction of oppositely electrified
surfaces. Knight. -- Balance fish.
(Zo\'94l) See Hammerhead. --
Balance knife, a carving or table knife the handle
of which overbalances the blade, and so keeps it from contact
with the table. -- Balance of power.
(Politics), such an adjustment of power among
sovereign states that no one state is in a position to interfere
with the independence of the others; international equilibrium;
also, the ability ( of a state or a third party within a state)
to control the relations between sovereign states or between
dominant parties in a state. -- Balance sheet
(Bookkeeping), a paper showing the balances of the
open accounts of a business, the debit and credit balances
footing up equally, if the system of accounts be complete and the
balances correctly taken. -- Balance thermometer,
a thermometer mounted as a balance so that the movement of
the mercurial column changes the indication of the tube. With the
aid of electrical or mechanical devices adapted to it, it is used
for the automatic regulation of the temperature of rooms warmed
artificially, and as a fire alarm. -- Balance of
torsion. See Torsion Balance. --
Balance of trade (Pol. Econ.), an
equilibrium between the money values of the exports and imports
of a country; or more commonly, the amount required on one side
or the other to make such an equilibrium. -- Balance
valve, a valve whose surfaces are so arranged that the
fluid pressure tending to seat, and that tending to unseat the
valve, are nearly in equilibrium; esp., a puppet valve which is
made to operate easily by the admission of steam to both sides.
See Puppet valve. -- Hydrostatic
balance. See under Hydrostatic. --
To lay in balance, to put up as a pledge or
security. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- To
strike a balance, to find out the difference between
the debit and credit sides of an account.
Bal"ance (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Balanced (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Balancing (/).]
[From Balance, n.: cf. F.
balancer. ] 1. To bring to an
equipoise, as the scales of a balance by adjusting the weights;
to weigh in a balance.
2. To support on a narrow base, so as to keep from
falling; as, to balance a plate on the end of a
cane; to balance one's self on a tight rope.
3. To equal in number, weight, force, or
proportion; to counterpoise, counterbalance, counteract, or
neutralize.
One expression . . . must check and balance
another.
Kent.
4. To compare in relative force, importance, value,
etc.; to estimate.
Balance the good and evil of things.
L'Estrange.
5. To settle and adjust, as an account; to make two
accounts equal by paying the difference between them.
I am very well satisfied that it is not in my power to
balance accounts with my Maker.
Addison.
6. To make the sums of the debits and credits of an
account equal; -- said of an item; as, this payment, or
credit, balances the account.
7. To arrange accounts in such a way that the sum
total of the debits is equal to the sum total of the credits;
as, to balance a set of books.
8. (Dancing) To move toward, and then
back from, reciprocally; as, to balance
partners.
9. (Naut.) To contract, as a sail, into
a narrower compass; as, to balance the boom
mainsail.
Balanced valve. See Balance valve,
under Balance, n.
Syn. -- To poise; weigh; adjust; counteract; neutralize;
equalize.
Bal"ance, v. i. 1. To have
equal weight on each side; to be in equipoise; as, the scales
balance.
2. To fluctuate between motives which appear of
equal force; to waver; to hesitate.
He would not balance or err in the determination of
his choice.
Locke.
3. (Dancing) To move toward a person or
couple, and then back.
Bal"ance*a*ble (?), a. Such as
can be balanced.
Bal"ance*ment (?), n. The act
or result of balancing or adjusting; equipoise; even adjustment
of forces. [R.]
Darwin.
Bal"an*cer (?), n. 1.
One who balances, or uses a balance.
2. (Zo\'94l.) In Diptera, the
rudimentary posterior wing.
Bal"ance*reef` (?), n.
(Naut.) The last reef in a fore-and-aft sail,
taken to steady the ship.
Bal"ance wheel` (?). 1.
(Horology) (a) A wheel which regulates
the beats or pulses of a watch or chronometer, answering to the
pendulum of a clock; -- often called simply a
balance. (b) A
ratchet-shaped scape wheel, which in some watches is acted upon
by the axis of the balance wheel proper (in those watches called
a balance).
2. (Mach.) A wheel which imparts
regularity to the movements of any engine or machine; a fly
wheel.
Bal`a*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
balanus acorn + -ferous.]
Bearing or producing acorns.
Bal"a*nite (?), n. [L.
balanus acorn: cf. F. balanite.]
(Paleon.) A fossil balanoid shell.
\'d8Bal`a*no*glos"sus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / acorn + / tongue.]
(Zo\'94l) A peculiar marine worm. See
Enteropneusta, and Tornaria.
Bal"a*noid (?), a. [Gr. /
acorn + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.)
Resembling an acorn; -- applied to a group of barnacles
having shells shaped like acorns. See Acornshell, and
Barnacle.
Bal"as ru`by (?). [OE. bales,
balais, F. balais, LL. balascus,
fr. Ar. balakhsh, so called from
Badakhshan, Balashan, or
Balaxiam, a place in the neighborhood of Samarcand,
where this ruby is found.] (Min.) A variety
of spinel ruby, of a pale rose red, or inclining to orange. See
Spinel.
Ba*laus"tine (?), n. [L.
balaustium, Gr. /.] (Bot.) The
pomegranate tree (Punica granatum). The bark of the
root, the rind of the fruit, and the flowers are used
medicinally.
{ Bal*bu"ti*ate (?),
Bal*bu"ci*nate (?), } v. i.
[L. balbutire, fr. balbus stammering:
cf. F. balbutier.] To stammer.
[Obs.]
\'d8Bal*bu"ti*es (?), n.
(Med.) The defect of stammering; also, a kind of
incomplete pronunciation.
Bal"con (?), n. A
balcony. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Bal"co*nied (?), a. Having
balconies.
Bal"co*ny (?), n.; pl.
Balconies (#). [It.
balcone; cf. It. balco, palco,
scaffold, fr. OHG. balcho, pa/cho, beam,
G. balken. See Balk beam.] 1.
(Arch.) A platform projecting from the wall of a
building, usually resting on brackets or consoles, and inclosed
by a parapet; as, a balcony in front of a
window. Also, a projecting gallery in places of amusement;
as, the balcony in a theater.
2. A projecting gallery once common at the stern of
large ships.
Smart (1836).
Bald (?), a. [OE.
balled, ballid, perh. the p.p. of
ball to reduce to the roundness or smoothness of a
ball, by removing hair. bali
whiteness in a horse's forehead.] 1.
Destitute of the natural or common covering on the head or
top, as of hair, feathers, foliage, trees, etc.; as, a
bald head; a bald oak.
On the bald top of an eminence.
Wordsworth.
2. Destitute of ornament; unadorned; bare;
literal.
In the preface to his own bald translation.
Dryden.
3. Undisguised. \'bd Bald
egotism.\'b8
Lowell.
4. Destitute of dignity or value; paltry;
mean. [Obs.]
5. (Bot.) Destitute of a beard or awn;
as, bald wheat.
6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Destitute of
the natural covering. (b) Marked with a white
spot on the head; bald-faced.
Bald buzzard (Zo\'94l.), the
fishhawk or osprey. -- Bald coot
(Zo\'94l.), a name of the European coot
(Fulica atra), alluding to the bare patch on the front
of the head.
Bal"da*chin (?), n. [LL.
baldachinus, baldechinus, a canopy of rich
silk carried over the host; fr. Bagdad, It.
Baldacco, a city in Turkish Asia from whence these
rich silks came: cf. It. baldacchino. Cf.
Baudekin.] 1. A rich brocade;
baudekin. [Obs.]
2. (Arch.) A structure in form of a
canopy, sometimes supported by columns, and sometimes suspended
from the roof or projecting from the wall; generally placed over
an altar; as, the baldachin in St.
Peter's.
3. A portable canopy borne over shrines, etc., in
procession.
[Written also baldachino, baldaquin,
etc.]
Bald" ea"gle (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The white-headed eagle (Hali\'91etus
leucocephalus) of America. The young, until several years
old, lack the white feathers on the head.
bald eagle is represented in the coat
of arms, and on the coins, of the United States.
Bal"der (?), n. [Icel.
Baldr, akin to E. bold.] (Scan.
Myth.) The most beautiful and beloved of the gods; the
god of peace; the son of Odin and Freya. [Written
also Baldur.]
Bal"der*dash (?), n. [Of
uncertain origin: cf. Dan. balder noise, clatter, and
E. dash; hence, perhaps, unmeaning noise, then
hodgepodge, mixture; or W. baldorduss a prattling,
baldordd, baldorddi, to prattle.]
1. A worthless mixture, especially of
liquors.
Indeed beer, by a mixture of wine, hath lost both name and
nature, and is called balderdash.
Taylor (Drink and Welcome).
2. Senseless jargon; ribaldry; nonsense;
trash.
Bal"der*dash (?), v. t. To mix
or adulterate, as liquors.
The wine merchants of Nice brew and balderdash, and
even
mix it with pigeon's dung and quicklime.
Smollett.
Bald"-faced` (?), a. Having a
white face or a white mark on the face, as a stag.
Bald"head` (?), n. 1.
A person whose head is bald.
2 Kings ii. 23.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A white-headed variety of
pigeon.
Bald"head`ed, a. Having a bald
head.
Bald"ly, adv. Nakedly; without reserve;
inelegantly.
Bald"ness, n. The state or condition of
being bald; as, baldness of the head;
baldness of style.
This gives to their syntax a peculiar character of simplicity
and baldness.
W. D. Whitney.
Bald"pate` (?), n. 1.
A baldheaded person.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The American widgeon
(Anas Americana).
{ Bald"pate` (?), Bald"pat`ed
(?), } a. Destitute of hair on the
head; baldheaded.
Shak.
Bald"rib` (?), n. A piece of
pork cut lower down than the sparerib, and destitute of
fat. [Eng.]
Southey.
Bal"dric (?), n. [OE.
baudric, bawdrik, through OF. (cf. F.
baudrier and LL. baldringus,
baldrellus), from OHG. balderich, cf.
balz, palz, akin to E. belt. See
Belt, n.] A broad belt, sometimes
richly ornamented, worn over one shoulder, across the breast, and
under the opposite arm; less properly, any belt.
[Also spelt bawdrick.]
A radiant baldric o'er his shoulder tied
Sustained the sword that glittered at his side.
Pope.
Bald"win (?), n. (Bot.)
A kind of reddish, moderately acid, winter apple.
[U.S.]
Bale (?), n. [OE.
bale, OF. bale, F. balle, LL.
bala, fr. OHG. balla, palla,
pallo, G. ball, balle,
ballen, ball round pack; cf. D. baal. Cf.
Ball a round body.] A bundle or package of
goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation;
also, a bundle of straw / hay, etc., put up compactly for
transportation.
Bale of dice, a pair of dice.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bale, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Baled (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Baling.] To make up in a bale.
Goldsmith.
Bale, v. t. See Bail, v.
t., to lade.
<-- p. 114 -->
Bale (?), n. [AS.
bealo, bealu, balu; akin to OS.
/alu, OHG. balo, Icel. b\'94l,
Goth. balweins.] 1. Misery;
/alamity; misfortune; sorrow.
Let now your bliss be turned into bale.
Spenser.
2. Evil; an evil, pernicious influence; something
causing great injury. [Now chiefly poetic]
Bal`e*ar"ic (?), a. [L.
Balearicus, fr. Gr. / the Balearic
Islands.] Of or pertaining to the isles of Majorca,
Minorca, Ivica, etc., in the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of
Valencia.
Balearic crane. (Zo\'94l.) See
Crane.
Ba*leen" (?), n. [F.
baleine whale and whalibone, L. balaena a
whale; cf. Gr. /. ] (Zo\'94l. &
Com.) Plates or blades of \'bdwhalebone,\'b8 from two
to twelve feet long, and sometimes a foot wide, which in certain
whales (Bal\'91noidea) are attached side by side along
the upper jaw, and form a fringelike sieve by which the food is
retained in the mouth.
Bale"fire` (?), n. [AS.
b/lj/r the fire of the /uneral pile;
b/l fire, flame (akin to Icel. b\'bel,
OSlav. b/l/, white, Gr. / bright,
white, Skr. bh\'bela brightness) + f/r,
E. fire.] A signal fire; an alarm
fire.
Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide
The glaring balefires blaze no more.
Sir W. Scott.
Bale"ful (?), a. [AS.
bealoful. See Bale misery.] 1.
Full of deadly or pernicious influence; destructive.
\'bdBaleful enemies.\'b8
Shak.
Four infernal rivers that disgorge
Into the burning lake their baleful streams.
Milton.
2. Full of grief or sorrow; woeful; sad.
[Archaic]
Bale"ful*ly, adv. In a baleful manner;
perniciously.
Bale"ful*ness, n. The quality or state
of being baleful.
\'d8Bal"i*sa`ur (?), n.
[Hind.] (Zo\'94l.) A badgerlike animal
of India (Arcionyx collaris).
Bal"is*ter (?), n. [OF.
balestre. See Ballista.] A
crossbow. [Obs.]
Blount.
Bal"is*toid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like a fish of the genus
Balistes; of the family Balistid\'91. See
Filefish.
\'d8Bal`is*tra"ri*a (?), n.
[LL.] (Anc. Fort.) A narrow opening,
often cruciform, through which arrows might be discharged.
\'d8Ba*lize" (?), n. [F.
balise; cf. Sp. balisa.] A pole
or a frame raised as a sea beacon or a landmark.
Balk (?), n. [AS.
balca beam, ridge; akin to Icel. b\'belkr
partition, bj\'belki beam, OS. balko, G.
balken; cf. Gael. balc ridge of earth
between two furrows. Cf. Balcony, Balk, v.
i., 3d Bulk.] 1. A ridge of
land left unplowed between furrows, or at the end of a field; a
piece missed by the plow slipping aside.
Bad plowmen made balks of such ground.
Fuller.
2. A great beam, rafter, or timber; esp., the
tie-beam of a house. The loft above was called \'bdthe
balks.\'b8
Tubs hanging in the balks.
Chaucer.
3. (Mil.) One of the beams connecting
the successive supports of a trestle bridge or bateau
bridge.
4. A hindrance or disappointment; a check.
A balk to the confidence of the bold
undertaker.
South.
5. A sudden and obstinate stop; a failure.
6. (Baseball) A deceptive gesture of the
pitcher, as if to deliver the ball.
Balk line (Billiards), a line
across a billiard table near one end, marking a limit within
which the cue balls are placed in beginning a game; also, a line
around the table, parallel to the sides, used in playing a
particular game, called the balk line game.
Balk, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Balked (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Balking.] [From Balk a beam;
orig. to put a balk or beam in one's way, in order to stop or
hinder. Cf., for sense 2, AS. on balcan legan to lay
in heaps.]
1. To leave or make balks in.
[Obs.]
Gower.
2. To leave heaped up; to heap up in piles.
[Obs.]
Ten thousand bold Scots, two and twenty knights,
Balk'd in their own blood did Sir Walter see.
Shak.
3. To omit, miss, or overlook by chance.
[Obs.]
4. To miss intentionally; to avoid; to shun; to
refuse; to let go by; to shirk. [Obs. or
Obsolescent]
By reason of the contagion then in London, we
balked the /nns.
Evelyn.
Sick he is, and keeps his bed, and balks his
meat.
Bp. Hall.
Nor doth he any creature balk,
But lays on all he meeteth.
Drayton.
5. To disappoint; to frustrate; to foil; to baffle;
to /hwart; as, to balk expectation.
They shall not balk my entrance.
Byron.
Balk, v. i. 1. To engage in
contradiction; to be in opposition. [Obs.]
In strifeful terms with him to balk.
Spenser.
2. To stop abruptly and stand still obstinately; to
jib; to stop short; to swerve; as, the horse
balks.
Ne ever ought but of their true loves talkt,
Ne ever for rebuke or blame of any balkt.
Balk, v. i. [Prob. from D.
balken to bray, bawl.] To indicate to
fishermen, by shouts or signals from shore, the direction taken
by the shoals of herring.
Balk"er (?), n. [See 2d
Balk.] One who, or that which balks.
Balk"er (?), n. [See last
Balk.] A person who stands on a rock or
eminence to espy the shoals of herring, etc., and to give notice
to the men in boats which way they pass; a conder; a huer.
Bale"ing*ly, adv. In manner to balk or
frustrate.
Balk"ish, a. Uneven; ridgy.
[R.]
Holinshed.
Balk"y (?), a. Apt to balk;
as, a balky horse.
Ball (?), n. [OE.
bal, balle; akin to OHG. balla,
palla, G. ball, Icel. b\'94llr,
ball; cf. F. balle. Cf. 1st Bale,
n., Pallmall.] 1. Any
round or roundish body or mass; a sphere or globe; as, a
ball of twine; a ball of snow.
2. A spherical body of any substance or size used
to play with, as by throwing, knocking, kicking, etc.
3. A general name for games in which a ball is
thrown, kicked, or knocked. See Baseball, and
Football.
4. Any solid spherical, cylindrical, or conical
projectile of lead or iron, to be discharged from a firearm;
as, a cannon ball; a rif/e ball; --
often used collectively; as, powder and ball.
Spherical balls for the smaller firearms are commonly called
bullets.
5. (Pirotechnics & Mil.) A flaming,
roundish body shot into the air; a case filled with combustibles
intended to burst and give light or set fire, or to produce smoke
or stench; as, a fire ball; a stink
ball.
6. (Print.) A leather-covered cushion,
fastened to a handle called a ballstock; -- formerly
used by printers for inking the form, but now superseded by the
roller.
7. A roundish protuberant portion of some part of
the body; as, the ball of the thumb; the
ball of the foot.
8. (Far.) A large pill, a form in which
medicine is commonly given to horses; a bolus.
White.
9. The globe or earth.
Pope.
Move round the dark terrestrial ball.
Addison.
Ball and socket joint, a joint in which a ball
moves within a socket, so as to admit of motion in every
direction within certain limits. -- Ball
bearings, a mechanical device for lessening the
friction of axle bearings by means of small loose metal
balls. -- Ball cartridge, a cartridge
containing a ball, as distinguished from a blank cartridge,
containing only powder. -- Ball cock, a
faucet or valve which is opened or closed by the fall or rise of
a ball floating in water at the end of a lever. -- Ball
gudgeon, a pivot of a spherical form, which permits
lateral deflection of the arbor or shaft, while retaining the
pivot in its socket. Knight. -- Ball
lever, the lever used in a ball cock. -- Ball
of the eye, the eye itself, as distinguished from its
lids and socket; -- formerly, the pupil of the eye. --
Ball valve (Mach.), a contrivance by
which a ball, placed in a circular cup with a hole in its bottom,
operates as a valve. -- Ball vein
(Mining), a sort of iron ore, found in loose
masses of a globular form, containing sparkling particles.
-- Three balls, or Three golden
balls, a pawnbroker's sign or shop.
Syn. -- See Globe.
Ball, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Balled (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Balling.] To gather balls which cling
to the feet, as of damp snow or clay; to gather into balls;
as, the horse balls; the snow
balls.
Ball, v. t. 1. (Metal.)
To heat in a furnace and form into balls for rolling.
2. To form or wind into a ball; as, to
ball cotton.
Ball, n. [F. bal, fr. OF.
baler to dance, fr. LL. ballare. Of
uncertain origin; cf. Gr. / to toss or throw, or
/, /, to leap, bound, / to
dance, jump about; or cf. 1st Ball, n.]
A social assembly for the purpose of dancing.
Bal"lad (?), n. [OE.
balade, OF. balade, F. ballade,
fr. Pr. ballada a dancing song, fr. ballare
to dance; cf. It. ballata. See 2d Ball,
n., and Ballet.] A popular kind of
narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; as, the
ballad of Chevy Chase; esp., a sentimental or
romantic poem in short stanzas.
Bal"lad, v. i. To make or sing
ballads. [Obs.]
Bal"lad, v. t. To make mention of in
ballads. [Obs.]
Bal*lade" (?), n. [See
Ballad, n.] A form of French
versification, sometimes imitated in English, in which three or
four rhymes recur through three stanzas of eight or ten lines
each, the stanzas concluding with a refrain, and the whole poem
with an envoy.
Bal"lad*er (?), n. A writer of
ballads.
Bal"lad mon`ger (?). [See
Monger.] A seller or maker of ballads; a
poetaster.
Shak.
Bal"lad*ry (?), n. [From
Ballad, n. ] Ballad poems; the
subject or style of ballads. \'bdBase balladry
is so beloved.\'b8
Drayton.
{ Bal"la*hoo, Bal"la*hou }
(?), n. A fast-sailing schooner, used in
the Bermudas and West Indies.
Bal"la*rag (?), v. i.
[Corrupted fr. bullirag.] To bully; to
threaten. [Low]
T. Warton.
Bal"last (?), n. [D.
ballast; akin to Dan. baglast,
ballast, OSw. barlast, Sw.
ballast. The first part is perh. the same word as E.
bare, adj.; the second is last a burden,
and hence the meaning a bare, or mere,
load. See Bare, a., and
Last load.] 1. (Naut.)
Any heavy substance, as stone, iron, etc., put into the hold
to sink a vessel in the water to such a depth as to prevent
capsizing.
2. Any heavy matter put into the car of a balloon
to give it steadiness.
3. Gravel, broken stone, etc., laid in the bed of a
railroad to make it firm and solid.
4. The larger solids, as broken stone or gravel,
used in making concrete.
5. Fig.: That which gives, or helps to maintain,
uprightness, steadiness, and security.
It [piety] is the right ballast of prosperity.
Barrow.
Ballast engine, a steam engine used in
excavating and for digging and raising stones and gravel for
ballast. -- Ship in ballast, a ship carring
only ballast.
Bal"last, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ballasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ballasting.] 1. To steady, as
a vessel, by putting heavy substances in the hold.
2. To fill in, as the bed of a railroad, with
gravel, stone, etc., in order to make it firm and solid.
3. To keep steady; to steady, morally.
'T is charity must ballast the heart.
Hammond.
Bal"last*age (?), n.
(Law) A toll paid for the privilege of taking up
ballast in a port or harbor.
Bal"last*ing, n. That which is used for
steadying anything; ballast.
Bal"la*try (?), n. See
Balladry. [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Bal"let` (?), n. [F., a
dim. of bal dance. See 2d Ball,
n.] 1. An artistic dance performed
as a theatrical entertainment, or an interlude, by a number of
persons, usually women. Sometimes, a scene accompanied by
pantomime and dancing.
2. The company of persons who perform the
ballet.
3. (Mus.) A light part song, or
madrigal, with a fa la burden or chorus, -- most
common with the Elizabethan madrigal composers.
4. (Her.) A bearing in coats of arms,
representing one or more balls, which are denominated bezants,
plates, etc., according to color.
Ball"-flow`er (?), n.
(Arch.) An ornament resembling a ball placed in a
circular flower, the petals of which form a cup round it, --
usually inserted in a hollow molding.
\'d8Bal*lis"ta (?), n.; pl.
Ballist/e (#). [L.
ballista, balista, fr. Gr. /
to throw.] An ancient military engine, in the form of
a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.
Bal"lis*ter (?), n. [L.
ballista. Cf. Balister.] A
crossbow. [Obs.]
Bal*lis"tic (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to the ballista, or to the art of hurling
stones or missile weapons by means of an engine.
2. Pertaining to projection, or to a
projectile.
Ballistic pendulum, an instrument consisting
of a mass of wood or other material suspended as a pendulum, for
measuring the force and velocity of projectiles by means of the
arc through which their impact impels it.
Bal*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F.
balistique. See Ballista.] The
science or art of hurling missile weapons by the use of an
engine.
Whewell.
\'d8Bal"li*um (?), n.
[LL.] See Bailey.
Bal*loon" (?), n. [F.
ballon, aug. of balle ball: cf. It.
ballone. See 1st Ball, n., and cf.
Pallone.] 1. A bag made of silk or
other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air,
so as to rise and float in the atmosphere; especially, one with a
car attached for a\'89rial navigation.
2. (Arch.) A ball or globe on the top of
a pillar, church, etc., as at St. Paul's, in London.
[R.]
3. (Chem.) A round vessel, usually with
a short neck, to hold or receive whatever is distilled; a glass
vessel of a spherical form.
4. (Pyrotechnics) A bomb or shell.
[Obs.]
5. A game played with a large inf/ated
ball. [Obs.]
6. (Engraving) The outline inclosing
words represented as coming from the mouth of a pictured
figure.
Air balloon, a balloon for a\'89rial
navigation. -- Balloon frame (Carp.),
a house frame constructed altogether of small timber. --
Balloon net, a variety of woven lace in which the
weft threads are twisted in a peculiar manner around the
warp.
Bal*loon", v. t. To take up in, or as if
in, a balloon.
Bal*loon", v. i. 1. To go up or
voyage in a balloon.
2. To expand, or puff out, like a balloon.
Bal*looned" (?), a. Swelled out
like a balloon.
Bal*loon"er (?), n. One who
goes up in a balloon; an a\'89ronaut.
Bal*loon" fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A fish of the genus Diodon or the genus
Tetraodon, having the power of distending its body by
taking air or water into its dilatable esophagus. See
Globefish, and Bur fish.
Bal*loon"ing, n. 1. The art or
practice of managing balloons or voyaging in them.
2. (Stock Exchange) The process of
temporarily raising the value of a stock, as by fictitious
sales. [U.S.]
Bal*loon"ing spi"der (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A spider which has the habit of rising into the air. Many
kinds ( esp. species of Lycosa) do this while young by
ejecting threads of silk until the force of the wind upon them
carries the spider aloft.
Bal*loon"ist, n. An a\'89ronaut.
Bal*loon"ry (?), n. The art or
practice of ascending in a balloon; a\'89ronautics.
Bal"lot (?), n. [F.
ballotte, fr. It. ballotta. See
Ball round body.]
1. Originally, a ball used for secret voting.
Hence: Any printed or written ticket used in voting.
2. The act of voting by balls or written or printed
ballots or tickets; the system of voting secretly by balls or by
tickets.
The insufficiency of the ballot.
Dickens.
<-- p. 115 -->
3. The whole number of votes cast at an election,
or in a given territory or electoral district.
Ballot box, a box for receiving
ballots.
Bal"lot (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Balloted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Balloting.] [F.
ballotter to toss, to ballot, or It.
ballottare. See Ballot, n.]
To vote or decide by ballot; as, to ballot for
a candidate.
Bal"lot, v. t. To vote for or in
opposition to.
None of the competitors arriving to a sufficient number of
balls, they fell to ballot some others.
Sir H. Wotton.
Bal"lo*tade` (?), n. [F.
ballottade, fr. ballotter to toss. See
Ballot, v. i.] (Man.) A
leap of a horse, as between two pillars, or upon a straight line,
so that when his four feet are in the air, he shows only the
shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.
Bal`lo*ta"tion (?), n. Voting
by ballot. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Bal"lot*er (?), n. One who
votes by ballot.
Bal"lo*tin (?), n. [F.]
An officer who has charge of a ballot box.
[Obs.]
Harrington.
Bal"low (?), n. A cudgel.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Ball"proof` (?), a. Incapable
of being penetrated by balls from firearms.
Ball"room` (/), n. A room for
balls or dancing.
Balm (?), n. [OE.
baume, OF. bausme, basme, F.
baume, L. balsamum balsam, from Gr.
/; perhaps of Semitic origin; cf. Heb.
b\'bes\'bem. Cf. Balsam.]
1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus
Melissa.
2. The resinous and aromatic exudation of certain
trees or shrubs.
Dryden.
3. Any fragrant ointment.
Shak.
4. Anything that heals or that mitigates
pain. \'bdBalm for each ill.\'b8
Mrs. Hemans.
Balm cricket (Zo\'94l.), the
European cicada. Tennyson. -- Balm of
Gilead (Bot.), a small evergreen African and
Asiatic tree of the terebinthine family (Balsamodendron
Gileadense). Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong
aromatic scent; and from this tree is obtained the balm of
Gilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca. This has
a yellowish or greenish color, a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste,
and a fragrant smell. It is valued as an unguent and cosmetic by
the Turks. The fragrant herb Dracocephalum Canariense
is familiarly called balm of Gilead, and so are the
American trees, Populus balsamifera, variety
candicans (balsam poplar), and Abies
balsamea (balsam fir).
Balm, v. i. To anoint with balm, or with
anything medicinal. Hence: To soothe; to mitigate.
[Archaic]
Shak.
Balm"i*fy (?), v. t.
[Balm + -fy.] To render
balmy. [Obs.]
Cheyne.
Balm"i*ly, adv. In a balmy manner.
Coleridge.
Bal*mor"al (?), n. [From
Balmoral Castle, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.]
1. A long woolen petticoat, worn immediately under
the dress.
2. A kind of stout walking shoe, laced in
front.
A man who uses his balmorals to tread on your
toes.
George Eliot.
Balm"y (?), a. 1.
Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic;
assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild. \'bdThe
balmy breeze.\'b8
Tickell.
Tired nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep !
Young.
2. Producing balm. \'bdThe balmy
tree.\'b8
Pope.
Syn. -- Fragrant; sweet-scented; odorous; spicy.
Bal"ne*al (?), a. [L.
balneum bath.] Of or pertaining to a
bath.
Howell.
Bal"ne*a*ry (?), n. [L.
balnearium, fr. balneum bath.] A
bathing room.
Sir T. Browne.
Bal`ne*a"tion (?), n. [LL.
balneare to bathe, fr. L. balneum
bath.] The act of bathing. [R.]
Bal"ne*a*to*ry (?), a. [L.
balneatorius.] Belonging to a bath.
[Obs.]
Bal`ne*og"ra*phy (?), n. [L.
balneum bath + -graphy.] A
description of baths.
Bal`ne*ol"o*gy (?), n. [L.
balneum bath + -logy.] A
treatise on baths; the science of bathing.
Bal`ne*o*ther"a*py (?), n. [L.
balneum bath + Gr. / to heal.]
The treatment of disease by baths.
Bal"o*tade` (?), n. See
Ballotade.
\'d8Bal"sa (?), n. [Sp. or Pg.
balsa.] (Naut.) A raft or float,
used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.
Bal"sam (?), n. [L.
balsamum the balsam tree or its resin, Gr.
/. See Balm, n.]
1. A resin containing more or less of an essential
or volatile oil.
balsam has been given.
2. (Bot.) (a) A species of tree
(Abies balsamea). (b) An annual
garden plant (Impatiens balsamina) with beautiful
flowers; balsamine.
3. Anything that heals, soothes, or restores.
Was not the people's blessing a balsam to thy
blood?
Tennyson.
Balsam apple (Bot.), an East Indian
plant ( Momordica balsamina), of the gourd family, with
red or orange-yellow cucumber-shaped fruit of the size of a
walnut, used as a vulnerary, and in liniments and poultices.
-- Balsam fir (Bot.), the American
coniferous tree, Abies balsamea, from which the useful
Canada balsam is derived. -- Balsam of copaiba.
See Copaiba. -- Balsam of Mecca,
balm of Gilead. -- Balsam of Peru, a
reddish brown, syrupy balsam, obtained from a Central American
tree ( Myroxylon Pereir\'91 and used as a stomachic and
expectorant, and in the treatment of ulcers, etc. It was long
supposed to be a product of Peru. -- Balsam of
Tolu, a reddish or yellowish brown semisolid or solid
balsam, obtained from a South American tree ( Myxoxylon
toluiferum.). It is highly fragrant, and is used as a
stomachic and expectorant. -- Balsam tree,
any tree from which balsam is obtained, esp. the Abies
balsamea. -- Canada balsam,
Balsam of fir, Canada turpentine, a
yellowish, viscid liquid, which, by time and exposure, becomes a
transparent solid mass. It is obtained from the balm of Gilead
(or balsam) fir (Abies balsamea) by breaking the
vesicles upon the trunk and branches. See
Balm.
Bal"sam (?), v. t. To treat or
anoint with balsam; to relieve, as with balsam; to render
balsamic.
Bal`sam*a"tion (?), n. 1.
The act of imparting balsamic properties.
2. The art or process of embalming.
{ Bal*sam"ic (?), Bal*sam"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
balsamique.] Having the qualities of
balsam; containing, or resembling, balsam; soft; mitigative;
soothing; restorative.
Bal`sam*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Balsam + -ferous.]
Producing balsam.
Bal"sam*ine (?), n. [Cf. F.
balsamine, fr. Gr. / balsam plant.]
(Bot.) The Impatiens balsamina, or
garden balsam.
Bal"sam*ous (?), a. Having the
quality of balsam; containing balsam. \'bdA
balsamous substance.\'b8
Sterne.
Bal"ter (?), v. t. [Etymol.
uncertain. Cf. Bloodboltered.] To stick
together.[Obs.]
Holland.
Bal"tic (?), a. [NL. mare
Balticum, fr. L. balteus belt, from certain
straits or channels surrounding its isles, called belts. See
Belt.] Of or pertaining to the sea which
separates Norway and Sweden from Jutland, Denmark, and Germany;
situated on the Baltic Sea.
{ Bal"ti*more bird` (?). Bal"ti*more
o"ri*ole (?). } (Zo\'94l.) A
common American bird (Icterus galbula), named after
Lord Baltimore, because its colors (black and orange red) are
like those of his coat of arms; -- called also golden
robin.
Bal"us*ter (?), n. [F.
balustre, It. balaustro, fr. L.
balaustium the flower of the wild pomegranate, fr. Gr.
/; -- so named from the similarity of form.]
(Arch.) A row of balusters topped by a rail,
serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony,
terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.
Bam (?), n. [Prob. a contr. of
bamboozle.] An imposition; a cheat; a
hoax.
Garrick.
To relieve the tedium/ he kept plying them with all manner
of bams.
Prof. Wilson.
Bam, v. t. To cheat; to wheedle.
[Slang]
Foote.
\'d8Bam*bi"no (?), n. [It., a
little boy, fr. bambo silly; cf. Gr. /,
/, to chatter.] A child or baby; esp., a
representation in art of the infant Christ wrapped in swaddling
clothes.
Bam*boc`ci*ade" (?), n. [It.
bambocciata, fr. Bamboccio a nickname of
Peter Van Laer, a Dutch genre painter; properly, a child,
simpleton, puppet, fr. bambo silly.]
(Paint.) A representation of a grotesque scene
from common or rustic life.
Bam*boo" (?), n. [Malay
bambu, mambu.] (Bot.)
A plant of the family of grasses, and genus
Bambusa, growing in tropical countries.
Bambusa
arundinacea, which has a woody, hollow, round, straight,
jointed stem, and grows to the height of forty feet and upward.
The flowers grow in large panicles, from the joints of the stalk,
placed three in a parcel, close to their receptacles. Old stalks
grow to five or six inches in diameter, and are so hard and
durable as to be used for building, and for all sorts of
furniture, for water pipes, and for poles to support palanquins.
The smaller stalks are used for walking sticks, flutes,
etc.
Bam*boo", v. t. To flog with the
bamboo.
Bam*boo"zle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bamboozled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bamboozling
(/).] [Said to be of Gipsy origin.]
To deceive by trickery; to cajole by confusing the senses;
to hoax; to mystify; to humbug. [Colloq.]
Addison.
What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you?
J. H. Newman.
Bam*boo"zler (?), n. A
swindler; one who deceives by trickery.
[Colloq.]
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Ban (?), n. [AS.
bann command, edict; akin to D. ban, Icel.
bann, Dan. band, OHG. ban, G.
bann, a public proclamation, as of interdiction or
excommunication, Gr. / to say, L. fari to
speak, Skr. bhan to speak; cf. F. ban, LL.
bannum, of G. origin. /. Cf. Abandon,
Fame.] 1. A public proclamation or
edict; a public order or notice, mandatory or prohibitory; a
summons by public proclamation.
2. (Feudal & Mil.) A calling together of
the king's (esp. the French king's) vassals for military service;
also, the body of vassals thus assembled or summoned. In present
usage, in France and Prussia, the most effective part of the
population liable to military duty and not in the standing
army.
3. pl. Notice of a proposed marriage,
proclaimed in church. See Banns (the common spelling in
this sense).
4. An interdiction, prohibition, or
proscription. \'bdUnder ban to touch.\'b8
Milton.
5. A curse or anathema. \'bdHecate's
ban.\'b8
Shak.
6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a
delinquent for offending against a ban; as, a mulct paid to a
bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.
Ban of the empire (German Hist.),
an imperial interdict by which political rights and
privileges, as those of a prince, city, or district, were taken
away.
Ban, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Banned (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Banning.] [OE. bannen,
bannien, to summon, curse, AS. bannan to
summon; akin to Dan. bande, forbande, to
curse, Sw. banna to revile, bannas to
curse. See Ban an edict, and cf. Banish.]
1. To curse; to invoke evil upon.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To forbid; to interdict.
Byron.
Ban, v. i. To curse; to swear.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ban, n. [Serv. ban; cf. Russ.
& Pol. pan a master/ lord, Per.
ban.] An ancient title of the warden of the
eastern marches of Hungary; now, a title of the viceroy of
Croatia and Slavonia.
Ban"al (?), a. [F., fr.
ban an ordinance.] Commonplace; trivial;
hackneyed; trite.
Ba*nal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Banalities (#). [F.
banalit\'82. See Banal.] Something
commonplace, hackneyed, or trivial; the commonplace, in
speech.
The highest things were thus brought down to the
banalities of discourse.
J. Morley.
Ba*na"na (?), n. [Sp.
banana, name of the fruit.] (Bot.)
A perennial herbaceous plant of almost treelike size
(Musa sapientum); also, its edible fruit. See
Musa.
Banana bird (Zo\'94l.), a small
American bird (Icterus leucopteryx), which feeds on
the banana. -- Banana quit (Zo\'94l.),
a small bird of tropical America, of the genus
Certhiola, allied to the creepers.
Ban"at (?), n. [Cf. F. & G.
banat. See Ban a warden.] The
territory governed by a ban.
{ Banc (?), \'d8Ban"cus
(?), Bank (?), } n.
[OF. banc, LL. bancus. See
Bank, n.] A bench; a high seat, or
seat of distinction or judgment; a tribunal or court.
In banc, In banco (the ablative
of bancus), In bank, in full
court, or with full judicial authority; as, sittings in
banc (distinguished from sittings at nisi
prius).
\'d8Ban"co (?), n. [It. See
Bank.] A bank, especially that of
Venice.
Band (?), n. [OE.
band, bond, Icel. band; akin to
G., Sw., & D. band, OHG. bant, Goth.
banti, Skr. bandha a binding,
bandh to bind, for bhanda,
bhandh, also to E. bend, bind.
In sense 7, at least, it is fr. F. bande, from OHG.
bant. / See Bind, v. t., and cf.
Bend, Bond, 1st Bandy.]
1. A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with
which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of
things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter.
Every one's bands were loosed.
Acis xvi 26.
2. (Arch.) (a) A continuous
tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of
color, or of brickwork, etc. (b) In Gothic
architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles
the pillars and small shafts.
3. That which serves as the means of union or
connection between persons; a tie. \'bdTo join in Hymen's
bands.\'b8
Shak.
4. A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th
centuries.
5. pl. Two strips of linen hanging from
the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic
dress.
6. A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any
article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete
it. \'bdBand and gusset and seam.\'b8
Hood.
<-- p. 116 -->
7. A company of persons united in any common
design, especially a body of armed men.
Troops of horsemen with his bands of foot.
Shak.
8. A number of musicians who play together upon
portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud
sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.),
and drums, or cymbals.
9. (Bot.) A space between elevated lines
or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants.
10. (Zo\'94l.) A stripe, streak, or
other mark transverse to the axis of the body.
11. (Mech.) A belt or strap.
12. A bond [Obs.] \'bdThy oath
and band.\'b8
Shak.
13. Pledge; security. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Band saw, a saw in the form of an endless
steel belt, with teeth on one edge, running over
wheels.
Band (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Banded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Banding.] 1. To
bind or tie with a band.
2. To mark with a band.
3. To unite in a troop, company, or
confederacy. \'bdBanded against his throne.\'b8
Milton.
Banded architrave, pier,
shaft, etc. (Arch.), an
architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is
interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right
angles.
Band, v. i. To confederate for some
common purpose; to unite; to conspire together.
Certain of the Jews banded together.
Acts xxiii. 12.
Band, v. t. To bandy; to drive
away. [Obs.]
Band, imp. of Bind.
[Obs.]
Band"age (?), n. [F.
bandage, fr. bande. See
Band.] 1. A fillet or strip of woven
material, used in dressing and binding up wounds, etc.
2. Something resembling a bandage; that which is
bound over or round something to cover, strengthen, or compress
it; a ligature.
Zeal too had a place among the rest, with a bandage
over her eyes.
Addison.
Band"age, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bandaged (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bandaging (/).] To bind, dress, or
cover, with a bandage; as, to bandage the
eyes.
\'d8Ban*da"la (?), n. A fabric
made in Manilla from the older leaf sheaths of the abaca
(Musa textilis).
{ Ban*dan"na, Ban*dan"a }
(?), n. [Hind. b\'bendhn/ a
mode of dyeing in which the cloth is tied in different places so
as to prevent the parts tied from receiving the dye. Cf.
Band, n.] 1. A species of
silk or cotton handkerchief, having a uniformly dyed ground,
usually of red or blue, with white or yellow figures of a
circular, lozenge, or other simple form.
2. A style of calico printing, in which white or
bright spots are produced upon cloth previously dyed of a uniform
red or dark color, by discharging portions of the color by
chemical means, while the rest of the cloth is under
pressure.
Ure.
Band"box` (?), n. A light box
of pasteboard or thin wood, usually cylindrical, for holding
ruffs (the bands of the 17th century), collars, caps,
bonnets, etc.
\'d8Ban"deau (?), n.; pl.
Bandeaux (#). [F.] A
narrow band or fillet; a part of a head-dress.
Around the edge of this cap was a stiff bandeau of
leather.
Sir W. Scott.
{ Band"e*let (?), Band"let
} (?), n. [F.
bandelette, dim. of bande. See
Band, n., and ch. Bendlet.]
(Arch.) A small band or fillet; any little band
or flat molding, compassing a column, like a ring.
Gwilt.
Band"er (?), n. One banded with
others. [R.]
{ Band"e*role (?), Band"rol
} (?), n. [F.
banderole, dim. of bandi\'8are,
banni\'8are, banner; cf. It. banderuola a
little banner. See Banner.] A little banner,
flag, or streamer. [Written also
bannerol.]
From the extremity of which fluttered a small
banderole or streamer bearing a cross.
Sir W. Scott.
Band" fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
small red fish of the genus Cepola; the ribbon
fish.
Ban"di*coot (?), n. [A
corruption of the native name.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A species of very large rat (Mus
giganteus), found in India and Ceylon. It does much injury
to rice fields and gardens. (b) A ratlike
marsupial animal (genus Perameles) of several species,
found in Australia and Tasmania.
Band"ing plane` (?). A plane used for
cutting out grooves and inlaying strings and bands in straight
and circular work.
Ban"dit (?), n.;
pl.Bandits (#), Banditti
(#). [It. bandito outlaw, p.p. of
bandire to proclaim, to banish, to proscribe, LL.
bandire, bannire. See Ban an
edict, and cf. Banish.] An outlaw; a
brigand.
No savage fierce, bandit, or mountaineer.
Milton.
banditti was formerly used as
a collective noun.
Deerstealers are ever a desperate banditti.
Sir W. Scott.
Ban"dle (?), n. [Ir.
bannlamh cubit, fr. bann a measure +
lamh hand, arm.] An Irish measure of two
feet in length.
Band"let (?), n. Same as
Bandelet.
Band"mas`ter (?), n. The
conductor of a musical band.
Ban"dog` (?), n. [Band + dog,
i.e., bound dog.] A mastiff or other large and fierce
dog, usually kept chained or tied up.
The keeper entered leading his bandog, a large
bloodhound, tied in a leam, or band, from which he takes his
name.
Sir W. Scott.
{ Ban`do*leer", Ban`do*lier" }
(?), n. [F. bandouli\'8are
(cf.It. bandoliera, Sp.bandolera), fr.F.
bande band, Sp.&It. banda. See
Band, n.] 1. A broad
leather belt formerly worn by soldiers over the right shoulder
and across the breast under the left arm. Originally it was used
for supporting the musket and twelve cases for charges, but later
only as a cartridge belt.
2. One of the leather or wooden cases in which the
charges of powder were carried. [Obs.]
Ban"do*line (?), n. [Perh.
allied to band.] A glutinous pomatum for
the fair.
Ban"don (?), n. [OF.
bandon. See Abandon.] Disposal;
control; license. [Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Ban"dore (?), n. [Sp.
bandurria, fr. L. pandura,
pandurium, a musical instrument of three strings, fr.
Gr. /. Cf. Pandore, Banjo,
Mandolin.] A musical stringed instrument,
similar in form to a guitar; a pandore.
Band"rol (?), n. Same as
Banderole.
Ban"dy (?), n. [Telugu
bandi.] A carriage or cart used in India,
esp. one drawn by bullocks.
Ban"dy, n.; pl. Bandies
(/). [Cf. F. band\'82, p.p. of
bander to bind, to bend (a bow), to bandy, fr.
bande. See Band, n.]
1. A club bent at the lower part for striking a
ball at play; a hockey stick.
Johnson.
2. The game played with such a club; hockey;
shinney; bandy ball.
Ban"dy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bandied (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bandying.] 1. To beat to and
fro, as a ball in playing at bandy.
Like tennis balls bandied and struck upon us . . .
by rackets from without.
Cudworth.
2. To give and receive reciprocally; to
exchange. \'bdTo bandy hasty words.\'b8
Shak.
3. To toss about, as from man to man; to
agitate.
Let not obvious and known truth be bandied about in
a disputation.
I. Watts.
Ban"dy, v. i. To content, as at some
game in which each strives to drive the ball his own way.
Fit to bandy with thy lawless sons.
Shak.
Ban"dy, a. Bent; crooked; curved
laterally, esp. with the convex side outward; as, a
bandy leg.
Ban"dy-legged` (?), a. Having
crooked legs.
Bane (?), n. [OE.
bane destruction, AS. bana murderer; akin
to Icel. bani death, murderer, OHG. bana
murder, bano murderer, / murder, OIr.
bath death, benim I strike. /.]
1. That which destroys life, esp. poison of a
deadly quality. [Obs. except in combination, as in
ratsbane, henbane, etc.]
2. Destruction; death. [Obs.]
The cup of deception spiced and tempered to their
bane.
Milton.
3. Any cause of ruin, or lasting injury; harm;
woe.
Money, thou bane of bliss, and source of woe.
Herbert.
4. A disease in sheep, commonly termed the
rot.
Syn. -- Poison; ruin; destruction; injury; pest.
Bane, v. t. To be the bane of; to
ruin. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Bane"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus (Act\'91a) of plants,
of the order Ranunculace\'91, native in the north
temperate zone. The red or white berries are poisonous.
Bane"ful (?), a. Having
poisonous qualities; deadly; destructive; injurious; noxious;
pernicious. \'bdBaneful hemlock.\'b8
Garth. \'bdBaneful wrath.\'b8
Chapman.
-- Bane"ful*ly, adv.
--Bane"ful*ness, n.
Bane"wort (?), n. (Bot.)
Deadly nightshade.
Bang (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Banged; p. pr.
& vb. n. Banging.] [Icel.
banga to hammer; akin to Dan. banke to
beat, Sw.b\'86ngas to be impetuous, G.
bengel club, clapper of a bell.] 1.
To beat, as with a club or cudgel; to treat with violence;
to handle roughly.
The desperate tempest hath so banged the Turks.
Shak.
2. To beat or thump, or to cause ( something) to
hit or strike against another object, in such a way as to make a
loud noise; as, to bang a drum or a piano; to
bang a door (against the doorpost or casing) in shutting
it.
Bang, v. i. To make a loud noise, as if
with a blow or succession of blows; as, the window blind
banged and waked me; he was banging on the
piano.
Bang, n. 1. A blow as with a
club; a heavy blow.
Many a stiff thwack, many a bang.
Hudibras.
2. The sound produced by a sudden concussion.
Bang, v. t. To cut squarely across, as
the tail of a hors, or the forelock of human beings; to cut (the
hair).
His hair banged even with his eyebrows.
The Century Mag.
Bang, n. The short, front hair combed
down over the forehead, esp. when cut squarely across; a false
front of hair similarly worn.
His hair cut in front like a young lady's bang.
W. D. Howells.
{ Bang, Bangue } (?),
n. See Bhang.
Bang"ing, a. Huge; great in size.
[Colloq.]
Forby.
Ban"gle (?), v. t. [From 1st
Bang.] To waste by little and little; to
fritter away. [Obs.]
Ban"gle, n. [Hind. bangr\'c6
bracelet, bangle.] An ornamental circlet, of glass,
gold, silver, or other material, worn by women in India and
Africa, and in some other countries, upon the wrist or ankle; a
ring bracelet.
Bangle ear, a loose hanging ear of a horse,
like that of a spaniel.
Ban"ian (?), n. [Skr.
banij merchant. The tree was so named by the English,
because used as a market place by the merchants.]
1. A Hindoo trader, merchant, cashier, or money
changer. [Written also banyan.]
2. A man's loose gown, like that worn by the
Banians.
3. (Bot.) The Indian fig. See
Banyan.
Banian days (Naut.), days in which
the sailors have no flesh meat served out to them. This use seems
to be borrowed from the Banians or Banya race, who eat no
flesh.
Ban"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Banished(/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Banishing.]
[OF. banir, F. bannir, LL.
bannire, fr. OHG. bannan to summon, fr.
ban ban. See Ban an edict, and
Finish, v. t.] 1. To
condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country, by authority
of the ruling power. \'bdWe banish you our
territories.\'b8
Shak.
2. To drive out, as from a home or familiar place;
-- used with from and out of.
How the ancient Celtic tongue came to be banished
from the Low Countries in Scotland.
Blair.
3. To drive away; to compel to depart; to
dispel. \'bdBanish all offense.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- To Banish, Exile,
Expel. The idea of a coercive removal from
a place is common to these terms. A man is banished
when he is forced by the government of a country (be he a
foreigner or a native) to leave its borders. A man is
exiled when he is driven into banishment from his
native country and home. Thus to exile is
to banish, but to banish is not always to
exile. To expel is to eject or banish,
summarily or authoritatively, and usually under circumstances of
disgrace; as, to expel from a college;
expelled from decent society.
Ban"ish*er (?), n. One who
banishes.
Ban"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
bannissement.] The act of banishing, or the
state of being banished.
He secured himself by the banishment of his
enemies.
Johnson.
Round the wide world in banishment we roam.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Expatriation; ostracism; expulsion; proscription;
exile; outlawry.
Ban"is*ter (?), n. [Formerly
also banjore and banjer; corrupted from
bandore, through negro slave pronunciation.]
A stringed musical instrument having a head and neck like
the guitar, and its body like a tambourine. It has five strings,
and is played with the fingers and hands.
Bank (?), n. [OE.
banke; akin to E. bench, and prob. of
Scand. origin.; cf. Icel. bakki. See
Bench.] 1. A mound, pile, or ridge
of earth, raised above the surrounding level; hence, anything
shaped like a mound or ridge of earth; as, a bank of
clouds; a bank of snow.
They cast up a bank against the city.
2 Sam. xx. 15.
2. A steep acclivity, as the slope of a hill, or
the side of a ravine.
3. The margin of a watercourse; the rising ground
bordering a lake, river, or sea, or forming the edge of a
cutting, or other hollow.
Tiber trembled underneath her banks.
Shak.
4. An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a
shoal, shelf, or shallow; as, the banks of
Newfoundland.
5. (Mining) (a) The face of the
coal at which miners are working. (b) A
deposit of ore or coal, worked by excavations above water
level. (c) The ground at the top of a shaft;
as, ores are brought to bank.
Bank beaver (Zo\'94l.), the
otter. [Local, U.S.] -- Bank
swallow, a small American and European swallow
(Clivicola riparia) that nests in a hole which it
excavates in a bank.
Bank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Banked(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Banking.] 1. To raise a mound
or dike about; to inclose, defend, or fortify with a bank; to
embank. \'bdBanked well with earth.\'b8
Holland.
2. To heap or pile up; as, to bank
sand.
3. To pass by the banks of.
[Obs.]
Shak.
To bank a fire, To bank up a
fire, to cover the coals or embers with ashes or
cinders, thus keeping the fire low but alive.
Bank, n. [Prob. fr. F. banc.
Of German origin, and akin to E. bench. See
Bench.] 1. A bench, as for rowers in
a galley; also, a tier of oars.
Placed on their banks, the lusty Trojan sweep
Neptune's smooth face, and cleave the yielding deep.
Waller.
2. (Law) (a) The bench or seat
upon which the judges sit. (b) The regular
term of a court of law, or the full court sitting to hear
arguments upon questions of law, as distinguished from a sitting
at Nisi Prius, or a court held for jury trials. See
Banc.
Burrill.
3. (Printing) A sort of table used by
printers.
4. (Music) A bench, or row of keys
belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.
Knight.
Bank, n. [F. banque, It.
banca, orig. bench, table, counter, of German origin,
and akin to E. bench; cf. G. bank bench,
OHG. banch. See Bench, and cf.
Banco, Beach.] 1. An
establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue, of
money, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts
or bills of exchange; an institution incorporated for performing
one or more of such functions, or the stockholders (or their
representatives, the directors), acting in their corporate
capacity.
2. The building or office used for banking
purposes.
3. A fund from deposits or contributions, to be
used in transacting business; a joint stock or capital.
[Obs.]
Let it be no bank or common stock, but every man be
master of his own money.
Bacon.
4. (Gaming) The sum of money or the
checks which the dealer or banker has as a fund, from which to
draw his stakes and pay his losses.
5. In certain games, as dominos, a fund of pieces
from which the players are allowed to draw.
Bank credit, a credit by which a person who
has give/ the required security to a bank has liberty to draw
to / certain extent agreed upon. -- Bank of
deposit, a bank which receives money for safe
keeping. -- Bank of issue, a bank which
issues its own notes payable to bearer.
Bank, v. t. To deposit in a bank.
Bank, v. i. 1. To keep a bank;
to carry on the business of a banker.
<-- p. 117 -->
2. To deposit money in a bank; to have an account
with a banker.
Bank"a*ble (?), a. Receivable
at a bank.
Bank" bill` (?). 1. In America
(and formerly in England), a promissory note of a bank payable to
the bearer on demand, and used as currency; a bank note.
2. In England, a note, or a bill of exchange, of a
bank, payable to order, and usually at some future specified
time. Such bills are negotiable, but form, in the strict sense of
the term, no part of the currency.
Bank" book` (?). A book kept by a
depositor, in which an officer of a bank enters the debits and
credits of the depositor's account with the bank.
Bank"er (?), n.[See the nouns
Bank and the verbs derived from them.] 1.
One who conducts the business of banking; one who,
individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment
for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills
of exchange, etc.
2. A money changer. [Obs.]
3. The dealer, or one who keeps the bank in a
gambling house.
4. A vessel employed in the cod fishery on the
banks of Newfoundland.
Grabb. J. Q. Adams.
5. A ditcher; a drain digger. [Prov.
Eng.]
6. The stone bench on which masons cut or square
their work.
Weale.
Bank"er*ess (?), n. A female
banker.
Thackeray.
Bank"ing, n. The business of a bank or
of a banker.
Banking house, an establishment or office in
which, or a firm by whom, banking is done.
Bank" note` (?). 1. A promissory
note issued by a bank or banking company, payable to bearer on
demand.
bank
bill.
2. Formerly, a promissory note made by a banker, or
banking company, payable to a specified person at a fixed date; a
bank bill. See Bank bill, 2. [Obs.]
3. A promissory note payable at a bank.
Bank"rupt (?), n. [F.
banqueroute, fr. It. bancarotta bankruptcy;
banca bank (fr. OHG. banch, G.
bank, bench) + rotta broken, fr. L.
ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break. At
Florence, it is said, the bankrupt had his bench ( i.e., money
table) broken. See 1st Bank, and Rupture,
n.] 1. (Old Eng. Low) A
trader who secretes himself, or does certain other acts tending
to defraud his creditors.
Blackstone.
2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his debts; an
insolvent trader; popularly, any person who is unable to pay his
debts; an insolvent person.
M/Culloch.
3. (Law) A person who, in accordance
with the terms of a law relating to bankruptcy, has been
judicially declared to be unable to meet his liabilities.
bankrupt to others besides
those engaged in trade.
Bank"rupt, a. 1. Being a
bankrupt or in a condition of bankruptcy; unable to pay, or
legally discharged from paying, one's debts; as, a
bankrupt merchant.
2. Depleted of money; not having the means of
meeting pecuniary liabilities; as, a bankrupt
treasury.
3. Relating to bankrupts and bankruptcy.
4. Destitute of, or wholly wanting (something once
possessed, or something one should possess).
\'bdBankrupt in gratitude.\'b8
Sheridan.
Bankrupt law, a law by which the property of a
person who is unable or unwilling to pay his debts may be taken
and distributed to his creditors, and by which a person who has
made a full surrender of his property, and is free from fraud,
may be discharged from the legal obligation of his debts. See
Insolvent, a.
Bank"rupt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bankrupted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bankrupting.] To make bankrupt; to
bring financial ruin upon; to impoverish.
Bank"rupt*cy (?), n.; pl.
Bankruptcies(/).
1. The state of being actually or legally
bankrupt.
2. The act or process of becoming a bankrupt.
3. Complete loss; -- followed by
of.
Bank"side` (?), n. The slope of
a bank, especially of the bank of a steam.
Bank"-sid`ed (?), a.
(Naut.) Having sides inclining inwards, as a
ship; -- opposed to wall-sided.
Bank" swal"low (?). See under 1st
Bank, n.
\'d8Ban"li*eue` (?), n. [F.,
fr. LL. bannum leucae, banleuca;
bannum jurisdiction + leuca league.]
The territory without the walls, but within the legal
limits, of a town or city.
Brande & C.
Ban"ner (?), n. [OE.
banere, OF. baniere, F.
banni\'8are, bandi\'8are, fr. LL.
baniera, banderia, fr. bandum
banner, fr. OHG. bant band, strip of cloth; cf.
bindan to bind, Goth. bandwa,
bandwo, a sign. See Band,
n.] 1. A kind of flag attached to
a spear or pike by a crosspiece, and used by a chief as his
standard in battle.
Hang out our banners on the outward walls.
Shak.
2. A large piece of silk or other cloth, with a
device or motto, extended on a crosspiece, and borne in a
procession, or suspended in some conspicuous place.
3. Any flag or standard; as, the star-spangled
banner.
Banner fish (Zo\'94l.), a large
fish of the genus Histiophorus, of the Swordfish
family, having a broad bannerlike dorsal fin; the sailfish. One
species (H. Americanus) inhabits the North
Atlantic.
Ban"nered (?), a.
bannered host.\'b8
Milton.
Ban"ner*et (?), n.[OE.
baneret, OF. baneret, F.
banneret; properly a dim. of OF. baniere.
See Banner.]
1. Originally, a knight who led his vassals into
the field under his own banner; -- commonly used as a title of
rank.
2. A title of rank, conferred for heroic deeds, and
hence, an order of knighthood; also, the person bearing such
title or rank.
3. A civil officer in some Swiss cantons.
4. A small banner.
Shak.
Ban"ner*ol (?), n. A banderole;
esp. a banner displayed at a funeral procession and set over the
tomb. See Banderole.
Ban*ni"tion (?), n. [LL.
bannitio. See Banish.] The act of
expulsion.[Obs.]
Abp. Laud.
Ban"nock (?), n. [Gael.
bonnach.] A kind of cake or bread, in shape
flat and roundish, commonly made of oatmeal or barley meal and
baked on an iron plate, or griddle; -- used in Scotland and the
northern counties of England.
Jamieson.
Bannock fluke, the turbot.
[Scot.]
Banns (?), n. pl. [See
Ban.] Notice of a proposed marriage,
proclaimed in a church, or other place prescribed by law, in
order that any person may object, if he knows of just cause why
the marriage should not take place.
Ban"quet (?), n. [F., a feast,
prop. a dim. of banc bench; cf. It.
banchetto, dim. of banco a bench, counter.
See Bank a bench, and cf. Banquette.]
1. A feast; a sumptuous entertainment of eating and
drinking; often, a complimentary or ceremonious feast, followed
by speeches.
2. A dessert; a course of sweetmeats; a sweetmeat
or sweetmeats. [Obs.]
We'll dine in the great room, but let the music
And banquet be prepared here.
Massinger.
Ban"quet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Banqueted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Banqueting.] To treat with a banquet or
sumptuous entertainment of food; to feast.
Just in time to banquet
The illustrious company assembled there.
Coleridge.
Ban"quet, v.i. 1. To regale
one's self with good eating and drinking; to feast.
Were it a draught for Juno when she banquets,
I would not taste thy treasonous offer.
Milton.
2. To partake of a dessert after a feast.
[Obs.]
Where they did both sup and banquet.
Cavendish.
Ban"quet*ter (?), n. One who
banquets; one who feasts or makes feasts.
Ban*quette" (?), n. [F. See
Banquet, n.] 1.
(Fort.) A raised way or foot bank, running along
the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon
the enemy.
2. (Arch.) A narrow window seat; a
raised shelf at the back or the top of a buffet or dresser.
{ Ban"shee, Ban"shie }
(?), n. [Gael. bean-shith
fairy; Gael. & Ir. bean woman + Gael. sith
fairy.] A supernatural being supposed by the Irish and
Scotch peasantry to warn a family of the speedy death of one of
its members, by wailing or singing in a mournful voice under the
windows of the house.
Ban"stic`kle (?), n. [OE.
ban, bon, bone + stickle
prickle, sting. See Bone, n.,
Stickleback.] (Zo\'94l.) A small
fish, the three-spined stickleback.
Ban"tam (?), n. A variety of
small barnyard fowl, with feathered legs, probably brought from
Bantam, a district of Java.
Ban"tam work`. Carved and painted work in imitation
of Japan ware.
\'d8Ban"teng (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wild ox of Java (Bibos
Banteng).
Ban"ter (?), v. t. [
imp. & p. p. Bantered(/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bantering.] [Prob. corrupted
fr. F. badiner to joke, or perh. fr. E.
bandy to beat to and fro. See Badinage, and
cf. Barter fr. OF. barater.]
1. To address playful good-natured ridicule to, --
the person addressed, or something pertaining to him, being the
subject of the jesting; to rally; as, he bantered me
about my credulity.
Hag-ridden by my own fancy all night, and then
bantered on
my haggard looks the next day.
W. Irving.
2. To jest about; to ridicule in speaking of, as
some trait, habit, characteristic, and the like.
[Archaic]
If they banter your regularity, order, and love of
study, banter in return their neglect of them.
Chatham.
3. To delude or trick, -- esp. by way of
jest. [Obs.]
We diverted ourselves with bantering several poor
scholars
with hopes of being at least his lordship's chaplain.
De Foe.
4. To challenge or defy to a match.
[Colloq. Southern and Western U.S.]
Ban"ter, n. The act of bantering; joking
or jesting; humorous or good-humored raillery; pleasantry.
Part banter, part affection.
Tennyson.
Ban"ter*er (?), n. One who
banters or rallies.
Ban"ting*ism (?), n. A method
of reducing corpulence by avoiding food containing much
farinaceous, saccharine, or oily matter; -- so called from
William Banting of London.
Bant"ling (?), n. [Prob. for
bandling, from band, and meaning a child
wrapped in swaddling bands; or cf. G. b\'84ntling a
bastard, fr. bank bench. Cf. Bastard,
n.] A young or small child; an infant.
[Slightly contemptuous or depreciatory.]
In what out of the way corners genius produces her
bantlings.
W. Irving.
Banx"ring (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An East Indian insectivorous mammal of
the genus Tupaia.
Ban"yan (?), n. [See
Banian.] (Bot.) A tree of the same
genus as the common fig, and called the Indian fig (Ficus
Indica), whose branches send shoots to the ground, which
take root and become additional trunks, until it may be the tree
covers some acres of ground and is able to shelter thousands of
men.
Ba"o*bab (?), n. [The native
name.] (Bot.) A gigantic African tree
(Adansonia digitata), also naturalized in India. See
Adansonia.
Baph"o*met (?), n.[A corruption
of Mahomet or Mohammed, the Arabian
prophet: cf. Pr. Bafomet, OSp. Mafomat,
OPg. Mafameda.] An idol or symbolical
figure which the Templars were accused of using in their
mysterious rites.
Bap"tism (?), n. [OE.
baptim, baptem, OE. baptesme,
batisme, F. bapt\'88me, L.
baptisma, fr. Gr. /, fr. /
to baptize, fr. / to dip in water, akin to
/ deep, Skr. g\'beh to dip, bathe,
v. i.] The act of baptizing; the
application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious
ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of
Christ. This is performed by immersion, sprinkling, or
pouring.
Bap*tis"mal (?), a. [Cf. F.
baptismal.] Pertaining to baptism; as,
baptismal vows.
Baptismal name, the Christian name, which is
given at baptism.
Bap*tis"mal*ly, adv. In a baptismal
manner.
Bap"tist (?), n. [L.
baptista, G. /]
1. One who administers baptism; -- specifically
applied to John, the forerunner of Christ.
Milton.
2. One of a denomination of Christians who deny the
validity of infant baptism and of sprinkling, and maintain that
baptism should be administered to believers alone, and should be
by immersion. See Anabaptist.
In doctrine the Baptists of this country [the United
States] are Calvinistic, but with much freedom and
moderation.
Amer. Cyc.
Freewill Baptists, a sect of Baptists who are
Arminian in doctrine, and practice open communion. --
Seventh-day Baptists, a sect of Baptists who keep
the seventh day of the week, or Saturday, as the Sabbath. See
Sabbatarian. The Dunkers and Campbellites are also
Baptists.
{ Bap"tis*ter*y (?),Bap"tis*try
} (?), n.; pl.
Baptisteries (/), -tries
(/). [L. baptisterium, Gr.
/: cf. F. baptist\'8are.]
(Arch.) (a) In early times, a separate
building, usually polygonal, used for baptismal services. Small
churches were often changed into baptisteries when larger
churches were built near. (b) A part of a
church containing a font and used for baptismal services.
Bap*tis"tic (?), a. [Gr.
/] Of or for baptism; baptismal.
Bap*tis"tic*al (?), a.
Baptistic. [R.]
Bap*tiz"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being baptized; fit to be baptized.
Baxter.
Bap`ti*za"tion (?), n.
Baptism. [Obs.]
Their baptizations were null.
Jer. Taylor.
Bap*tize" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Baptized
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.>/pos>
Baptizing.] [F. baptiser, L.
baptizare, fr.Gr. /. See
Baptism.] 1. To administer the
sacrament of baptism to.
2. To christen ( because a name is given to infants
at their baptism); to give a name to; to name.
I'll be new baptized;
Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
Shak.
3. To sanctify; to consecrate.
Bap*tize"ment (?), n. The act
of baptizing.[R.]
Bap*tiz"er (?), n. One who
baptizes.
Bar (?), n. [OE.
barre, F. barre, fr. LL. barra,
W. bar the branch of a tree, bar, baren
branch, Gael. & Ir. barra bar. / 91.]
1. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, long
in proportion to its breadth or thickness, used as a lever and
for various other purposes, but especially for a hindrance,
obstruction, or fastening; as, the bars of a fence
or gate; the bar of a door.
Thou shalt make bars of shittim wood.
Ex. xxvi. 26.
2. An indefinite quantity of some substance, so
shaped as to be long in proportion to its breadth and thickness;
as, a bar of gold or of lead; a bar of
soap.
3. Anything which obstructs, hinders, or prevents;
an obstruction; a barrier.
Must I new bars to my own joy create?
Dryden.
<-- p. 118 -->
4. A bank of sand, gravel, or other matter, esp. at
the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing navigation.
5. Any railing that divides a room, or office, or
hall of assembly, in order to reserve a space for those having
special privileges; as, the bar of the House of
Commons.
6. (Law) (a) The railing that
incloses the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice.
Hence, the phrase at the bar of the court signifies
in open court. (b) The place in
court where prisoners are stationed for arraignment, trial, or
sentence. (c) The whole body of lawyers
licensed in a court or district; the legal profession.
(d) A special plea constituting a sufficient answer
to plaintiff's action.
7. Any tribunal; as, the bar of public
opinion; the bar of God.
8. A barrier or counter, over which liquors and
food are passed to customers; hence, the portion of the room
behind the counter where liquors for sale are kept.
9. (Her.) An ordinary, like a fess but
narrower, occupying only one fifth part of the field.
10. A broad shaft, or band, or stripe; as, a
bar of light; a bar of color.
11. (Mus.) A vertical line across the
staff. Bars divide the staff into spaces which represent
measures, and are themselves called measures.
double bar marks the end of a strain or
main division of a movement, or of a whole piece of music; in
psalmody, it marks the end of a line of poetry. The term
bar is very often loosely used for measure,
i.e., for such length of music, or of silence, as is included
between one bar and the next; as, a passage of eight
bars; two bars' rest.
12. (Far.) pl. (a)
The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of
a horse, in which the bit is placed. (b) The
part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards
the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the center of
the sole.
13. (Mining) (a) A drilling or
tamping rod. (b) A vein or dike crossing a
lode.
14. (Arch.) (a) A gatehouse of
a castle or fortified town. (b) A slender
strip of wood which divides and supports the glass of a window; a
sash bar.
Bar shoe (Far.), a kind of
horseshoe having a bar across the usual opening at the heel, to
protect a tender frog from injury. -- Bar shot,
a double headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or
half ball at each end; -- formerly used for destroying the masts
or rigging in naval combat. -- Bar sinister
(Her.), a term popularly but erroneously used for
baton, a mark of illegitimacy. See Baton.
-- Bar tracery (Arch.), ornamental
stonework resembling bars of iron twisted into the forms
required. -- Blank bar (Law). See
Blank. -- Case at bar (Law),
a case presently before the court; a case under
argument. -- In bar of, as a sufficient
reason against; to prevent. -- Matter in
bar, or Defence in bar, a plea which
is a final defense in an action. -- Plea in bar,
a plea which goes to bar or defeat the plaintiff's action
absolutely and entirely. -- Trial at bar
(Eng. Law), a trial before all the judges of one
the superior courts of Westminster, or before a quorum
representing the full court.
Bar (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Barred (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Barring.] [ F. barrer. See
Bar, n.] 1. To fasten
with a bar; as, to bar a door or gate.
2. To restrict or confine, as if by a bar; to
hinder; to obstruct; to prevent; to prohibit; as, to
bar the entrance of evil; distance bars our
intercourse; the statute bars my right; the right is
barred by time; a release bars the plaintiff's
recovery; -- sometimes with up.
He barely looked the idea in the face, and hastened to
bar it in its dungeon.
Hawthorne.
3. To except; to exclude by exception.
Nay, but I bar to-night: you shall not gauge me
By what we do to-night.
Shak.
4. To cross with one or more stripes or
lines.
For the sake of distinguishing the feet more clearly, I have
barred them singly.
Burney.
Barb (?), n. [F.
barbe, fr. L. barba beard. See
Beard, n.] 1. Beard, or
that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it.
The barbel, so called by reason of his barbs, or
wattles in his mouth.
Walton.
2. A muffler, worn by nuns and mourners.
[Obs.]
3. pl. Paps, or little projections, of
the mucous membrane, which mark the opening of the submaxillary
glands under the tongue in horses and cattle. The name is mostly
applied when the barbs are inflamed and swollen.
[Written also barbel and
barble.]
4. The point that stands backward in an arrow,
fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence:
Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or
crosswise to something else. \'bdHaving two
barbs or points.\'b8
Ascham.
5. A bit for a horse. [Obs.]
Spenser.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the side branches
of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane. See
Feather.
7. (Zo\'94l.) A southern name for the
kingfishes of the eastern and southeastern coasts of the United
States; -- also improperly called whiting.
8. (Bot.) A hair or bristle ending in a
double hook.
Barb, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Barbed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Barbing.] 1. To shave or dress
the beard of. [Obs.]
2. To clip; to mow. [Obs.]
Marston.
3. To furnish with barbs, or with that which will
hold or hurt like barbs, as an arrow, fishhook, spear, etc.
But rattling storm of arrows barbed with fire.
Milton.
Barb, n. [F. barbe, fr.
Barbarie.] 1. The Barbary horse, a
superior breed introduces from Barbary into Spain by the
Moors.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A blackish or dun variety
of the pigeon, originally brought from Barbary.
Barb, n. [Corrupted fr.
bard.] Armor for a horse. Same as 2d
Bard, n., 1.
Bar"ba*can (?), n. See
Barbican.
Bar"ba*can*age (?), n. See
Barbicanage.
Bar*ba"di*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Barbados. -- n. A
native of Barbados.
{ Bar*ba"dos Bar*ba"does }
(?), n. A West Indian island, giving its
name to a disease, to a cherry, etc.
Barbados cherry (Bot.), a genus of
trees of the West Indies (Malpighia) with an agreeably
acid fruit resembling a cherry. -- Barbados leg
(Med.), a species of elephantiasis incident to hot
climates. -- Barbados nuts, the seeds of the
Jatropha curcas, a plant growing in South America and
elsewhere. The seeds and their acrid oil are used in medicine as
a purgative. See Physic nut.
\'d8Bar"ba*ra (?), n. [Coined
by logicians.] (Logic) The first word in
certain mnemonic lines which represent the various forms of the
syllogism. It indicates a syllogism whose three propositions are
universal affirmatives.
Whately.
Bar`ba*resque" (?), a. Barbaric
in form or style; as, barbaresque
architecture.
De Quincey.
Bar*ba"ri*an (?), n. [See
Barbarous.]
1. A foreigner. [Historical]
Therefore if I know not the meaning of the voice, I shall be
unto him that speaketh a barbarian, and he that
speaketh shall be a barbarian unto me.
/ Cor. xiv. 11.
2. A man in a rule, savage, or uncivilized
state.
3. A person destitute of culture.
M. Arnold.
4. A cruel, savage, brutal man; one destitute of
pity or humanity. \'bdThou fell barbarian.\'b8
Philips.
Bar*ba"ri*an, a. Of, or pertaining to,
or resembling, barbarians; rude; uncivilized; barbarous; as,
barbarian governments or nations.
Bar*ba"ic (?), a. [L.
barbaricus foreign, barbaric, Gr.
/.] 1. Of, or from, barbarian
nations; foreign; -- often with reference to barbarous nations of
east. \'bdBarbaric pearl and gold.\'b8
Milton.
2. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, an
uncivilized person or people; barbarous; barbarian; destitute of
refinement. \'bdWild, barbaric music.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Bar"ba*rism (?), n. [L.
barbarismus, Gr./; cf. F.
barbarisme.] 1. An uncivilized
state or condition; rudeness of manners; ignorance of arts,
learning, and literature; barbarousness.
Prescott.
2. A barbarous, cruel, or brutal action; an
outrage.
A heinous barbarism . . . against the honor of
marriage.
Milton.
3. An offense against purity of style or language;
any form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of a particular
language. See Solecism.
The Greeks were the first that branded a foreign term in any
of their writers with the odious name of
barbarism.
G. Campbell.
Bar*bar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Barbarities (#). [From
Barbarous.] The state or manner of a
barbarian; lack of civilization.
2. Cruelty; ferociousness; inhumanity.
Treating Christians with a barbarity which would
have
shocked the very Moslem.
Macaulay.
3. A barbarous or cruel act.
4. Barbarism; impurity of speech.
[Obs.]
Swift.
Bar"ba*rize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Barbarized
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Barbarizing
(/).]
1. To become barbarous.
The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the
time of
Trajan.
De Quincey.
2. To adopt a foreign or barbarous mode of
speech.
The ill habit . . . of wretched barbarizing against
the Latin
and Greek idiom, with their untutored Anglicisms.
Milton.
Bar"ba*rize (?), v. t. [Cf. F.
barbariser, LL. barbarizare.] To
make barbarous.
The hideous changes which have barbarized
France.
Burke.
Bar"ba*rous (?), a. [L.
barbarus, Gr. /, strange, foreign; later,
slavish, rude, ignorant; akin to L. balbus stammering,
Skr. barbara stammering, outlandish. Cf.
Brave, a.] 1. Being in
the state of a barbarian; uncivilized; rude; peopled with
barbarians; as, a barbarous people; a
barbarous country.
2. Foreign; adapted to a barbaric
taste.[Obs.]
Barbarous gold.
Dryden.
3. Cruel; ferocious; inhuman; merciless.
By their barbarous usage he died within a few days,
to the grief of all that knew him.
Clarendon.
4. Contrary to the pure idioms of a language.
A barbarous expression
G. Campbell.
Syn. -- Uncivilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored;
ignorant; merciless; brutal. See Ferocious.
Bar"ba*rous*ly, adv. In a barbarous
manner.
Bar"ba*rous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being barbarous; barbarity; barbarism.
Bar"ba*ry (?), n. [Fr. Ar.
Barbar the people of Barbary.] The
countries on the north coast of Africa from Egypt to the
Atlantic. Hence: A Barbary horse; a barb. [Obs.]
Also, a kind of pigeon.
Barbary ape (Zo\'94l.), an ape
(Macacus innus) of north Africa and Gibraltar Rock,
being the only monkey inhabiting Europe. It is very commonly
trained by showmen.
Bar"ba*stel` (?), n. [F.
barbastelle.] (Zo\'94l.) A
European bat (Barbastellus communis), with hairy
lips.
Bar"bate (?), a. [L.
barbatus, fr. barba beard. See
Barb beard.] (Bot.) Bearded; beset
with long and weak hairs.
Bar"ba*ted (?), a. Having
barbed points.
A dart uncommonly barbated.
T. Warton.
Bar"be*cue (?), n. [In the
language of Indians of Guiana, a frame on which all kinds of
flesh and fish are roasted or smoke-dried.] 1.
A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole
for a feast.
2. A social entertainment, where many people
assemble, usually in the open air, at which one or more large
animals are roasted or broiled whole.
3. A floor, on which coffee beans are
sun-dried.
Bar"be*cue (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Barbecued
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Barbecuing.] 1. To dry or cure
by exposure on a frame or gridiron.
They use little or no salt, but barbecue their game
and fish in the smoke.
Stedman.
2. To roast or broil whole, as an ox or hog.
Send me, gods, a whole hog barbecued.
Pope.
Barbed (?), a. [See 4th
Bare.] Accoutered with defensive armor; --
said of a horse. See Barded ( which is the proper
form.)
Sir W. Raleigh.
Barbed, a. Furnished with a barb or
barbs; as, a barbed arrow; barbed
wire.
Barbed wire, a wire, or a strand of twisted
wires, armed with barbs or sharp points. It is used for
fences.
Bar"bel (?), n.[OE.
barbel, F. barbeau, dim. of L.
barbus barbel, fr. barba beard. See 1st
Barb.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A slender tactile organ on
the lips of certain fished.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large fresh-water fish (
Barbus vulgaris) found in many European rivers. Its
upper jaw is furnished with four barbels.
3. pl. Barbs or paps under the tongued
of horses and cattle. See 1st Barb, 3.
Bar"bel*late (?), a. [See 1st
Barb.] (Bot.) Having short, stiff
hairs, often barbed at the point.
Gray.
Bar*bel"lu*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Barbellate with diminutive hairs or
barbs.
Bar"ber (?), n. [OE.
barbour, OF. barbeor, F.
barbier, as if fr. an assumed L. barbator,
fr. barba beard. See 1st Barb.]
One whose occupation it is to shave or trim the beard, and
to cut and dress the hair of his patrons.
Barber's itch. See under
Itch.
barber surgeon ( old form barber
chirurgeon), barber surgery, etc.
Bar"ber, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Barbered (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Barbering.] To shave and dress the
beard or hair of.
Shak.
Bar"ber fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Surgeon
fish.
Bar"ber*mon`ger (?), n. A
fop. [Obs.]
Bar"ber*ry (?), n. [OE.
barbarin, barbere, OF.
berbere.] (Bot.) A shrub of the
genus Berberis, common along roadsides and in
neglected fields. B. vulgaris is the species best
known; its oblong red berries are made into a preserve or sauce,
and have been deemed efficacious in fluxes and fevers. The bark
dyes a fine yellow, esp. the bark of the root. [Also
spelt berberry.]
Bar"bet (?), n. [F.
barbet, fr.barbe beard, long hair of
certain animals. See Barb beard.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A variety of small dog,
having long curly hair. (b) A bird of the
family Bucconid\'91, allied to the Cuckoos, having a
large, conical beak swollen at the base, and bearded with five
bunches of stiff bristles; the puff bird. It inhabits tropical
America and Africa. (c) A larva that feeds on
aphides.
Bar*bette" (?), n. [F. Cf.
Barbet.] (Fort.) A mound of earth
or a platform in a fortification, on which guns are mounted to
fire over the parapet.
En barbette, In barbette,
said of guns when they are elevated so as to fire over the
top of a parapet, and not through embrasures. --
Barbette gun, or Barbette
battery, a single gun, or a number of guns,
mounted in barbette, or partially protected by a
parapet or turret. -- Barbette carriage, a
gun carriage which elevates guns sufficiently to be in
barbette. [See Illust. of
Casemate.]
{ Bar"bi*can (?), Bar"ba*can
} (?), n. [OE.
barbican, barbecan, F.
barbacane, LL. barbacana,
barbicana, of uncertain origin: cf. Ar.
barbakh aqueduct, sewer. F. barbacane also
means, an opening to let out water, loophole.] 1.
( Fort.) A tower or advanced work defending the
entrance to a castle or city, as at a gate or bridge. It was
often large and strong, having a ditch and drawbridge of its
own.
2. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through
which missiles were discharged upon an enemy.
{ Bar"bi*can*age (?),
Bar"ba*can*age } (?), n.
[LL. barbicanagium. See Barbican.]
Money paid for the support of a barbican.
[Obs.]
Bar"bi*cel (?), n. [NL.
barbicella, dim. of L. barba. See 1st
Barb.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the small
hooklike processes on the barbules of feathers.
\'d8Bar"biers (?), n.
(Med.) A variety of paralysis, peculiar to India
and the Malabar coast; -- considered by many to be the same as
beriberi in chronic form.
Bar*big"er*ous (?), a. [L.
barba a beard + gerous.] Having
a beard; bearded; hairy.
\'d8Bar"bi*ton (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. /.] (Mus.) An ancient
Greek instrument resembling a lyre.
Bar`bi*tu"ric ac"id (?). (Chem.)
A white, crystalline substance, /, derived from
alloxantin, also from malonic acid and urea, and regarded as a
substituted urea.
<-- p. 119 -->
Bar"ble (?), n. See
Barbel.
Bar"bo*tine (?), n. [F.]
A paste of clay used in decorating coarse pottery in
relief.
Bar"bre (?), a.
Barbarian. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bar"bule (?), n. [L.
barbula, fr. barba beard.]
1. A very minute barb or beard.
Booth.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the processes along
the edges of the barbs of a feather, by which adjacent barbs
interlock. See Feather.
Bar"ca*rolle (?), n. [F.
barcarolle, fr. It. barcaruola, fr.
barca bark, barge.] (Mus.)
(a) A popular song or melody sung by Venetian
gondoliers. (b) A piece of music composed in
imitation of such a song.
Bar"con (?), n. [It.
barcone, fr. barca a bark.] A
vessel for freight; -- used in Mediterranean.
Bard (?), n. [Of Celtic origin;
cf. W. bardd, Arm. barz, Ir. & Gael.
bard, and F. barde.] 1.
A professional poet and singer, as among the ancient Celts,
whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the
heroic achievements of princes and brave men.
2. Hence: A poet; as, the bard of
Avon.
{ Bard, Barde } (?),
n. [F. barde, of doubtful
origin.]
1. A piece of defensive (or, sometimes, ornamental)
armor for a horse's neck, breast, and flanks; a barb. [Often in
the pl.]
2. pl. Defensive armor formerly worn
by a man at arms.
3. (Cookery) A thin slice of fat bacon
used to cover any meat or game.
Bard, v. t. (Cookery) To
cover (meat or game) with a thin slice of fat bacon.
Bard"ed, p.a. [See Bard horse
armor.] 1. Accoutered with defensive armor;
-- said of a horse.
2. (Her.) Wearing rich caparisons.
Fifteen hundred men . . . barded and richly
trapped.
Stow.
Bard"ic, a. Of or pertaining to bards,
or their poetry.
\'bdThe bardic lays of ancient Greece.\'b8
G. P. Marsh.
Bard"ish, a. Pertaining to, or written
by, a bard or bards. \'bdBardish impostures.\'b8
Selden.
Bard"ism (?), n. The system of
bards; the learning and maxims of bards.
Bard"ling (?), n. An inferior
bard.
J. Cunningham.
Bard"ship, n. The state of being a
bard.
Bare (?), a. [OE.
bar, bare, AS. b\'91r; akin to
D. & G. baar, OHG. par, Icel.
berr, Sw. & Dan. bar, OSlav.
bos/ barefoot, Lith. basas; cf. Skr.
bh\'bes to shine /.]
1. Without clothes or covering; stripped of the
usual covering; naked; as, his body is bare; the
trees are bare.
2. With head uncovered; bareheaded.
When once thy foot enters the church, be bare.
Herbert.
3. Without anything to cover up or conceal one's
thoughts or actions; open to view; exposed.
Bare in thy guilt, how foul must thou appear !
Milton.
4. Plain; simple; unadorned; without polish; bald;
meager. \'bdUttering bare truth.\'b8
Shak.
5. Destitute; indigent; empty; unfurnished or
scantily furnished; -- used with of (rarely with
in) before the thing wanting or taken away; as, a
room bare of furniture. \'bdA
bare treasury.\'b8
Dryden.
6. Threadbare; much worn.
It appears by their bare liveries that they live by
your bare words.
Shak.
7. Mere; alone; unaccompanied by anything else;
as, a bare majority. \'bdThe
bare necessaries of life.\'b8
Addison.
Nor are men prevailed upon by bare of naked
truth.
South.
Under bare poles (Naut.), having no
sail set.
Bare, n. 1. Surface; body;
substance. [R.]
You have touched the very bare of naked truth.
Marston.
2. (Arch.) That part of a roofing slate,
shingle, tile, or metal plate, which is exposed to the
weather.
Bare, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bared(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Baring.] [AS. barian. See
Bare, a.] To strip off the
covering of; to make bare; as, to bare the
breast.
Bare. Bore; the old preterit of Bear,
v.
Bare"back` (?), adv. On the
bare back of a horse, without using a saddle; as, to ride
bareback.
Bare"backed` (?), a. Having the
back uncovered; as, a barebacked horse.
Bare"bone` (?), n. A very lean
person; one whose bones show through the skin.
Shak.
Bare"faced` (?), a. 1.
With the face uncovered; not masked. \'bdYou will play
barefaced.\'b8
Shak.
2. Without concealment; undisguised. Hence:
Shameless; audacious. \'bdBarefaced treason.\'b8
J. Baillie.
Bare"faced`ly, adv. Openly;
shamelessly.
Locke.
Bare"faced`ness, n. The quality of being
barefaced; shamelessness; assurance; audaciousness.
Bare"foot (?), a. & adv. With
the feet bare; without shoes or stockings.
Bare"foot`ed, a. Having the feet
bare.
\'d8Ba*r\'82ge" (?), n. [F.
bar\'82ge, so called from Bar\'82ges, a
town in the Pyrenees.] A gauzelike fabric for ladies'
dresses, veils, etc. of worsted, silk and worsted, or cotton and
worsted.
Bare"hand`ed (?), n. Having
bare hands.
{ Bare"head`ed (?), Bare"head
}, a. & adv. Having the head uncovered;
as, a bareheaded girl.
Bare"legged` (?), a. Having the
legs bare.
Bare"ly, adv. 1. Without
covering; nakedly.
2. Without concealment or disguise.
3. Merely; only.
R. For now his son is duke.
W. Barely in title, not in revenue.
Shak.
4. But just; without any excess; with nothing to
spare ( of quantity, time, etc.); hence, scarcely; hardly;
as, there was barely enough for all; he
barely escaped.
Bare"necked` (?), a. Having the
neck bare.
Bare"ness, n. The state of being
bare.
Bare"sark (?), n. [Literally,
bare sark or shirt.] A
Berserker, or Norse warrior who fought without armor, or shirt of
mail. Hence, adverbially: Without shirt of mail or armor.
Bar"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Calico bass.
Bar"ful (?), a. Full of
obstructions. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bar"gain (?), n. [OE.
bargayn, bargany, OF. bargaigne,
bargagne, prob. from a supposed LL.
barcaneum, fr. barca a boat which carries
merchandise to the shore; hence, to traffic to and fro, to carry
on commerce in general. See Bark a vessel. ]
1. An agreement between parties concerning the sale
of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to
transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the
other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the
consideration.
A contract is a bargain that is legally
binding.
Wharton.
2. An agreement or stipulation; mutual
pledge.
And whon your honors mean to solemnize
The bargain of your faith.
Shak.
3. A purchase; also ( when not qualified), a
gainful transaction; an advantageous purchase; as, to buy a
thing at a bargain.
4. The thing stipulated or purchased; also,
anything bought cheap.
She was too fond of her most filthy bargain.
Shak.
Bargain and sale (Law), a species
of conveyance, by which the bargainor contracts to convey the
lands to the bargainee, and becomes by such contract a trustee
for and seized to the use of the bargainee. The statute then
completes the purchase; i.e., the bargain
vests the use, and the statute vests the possession.
Blackstone. -- Into the bargain,
over and above what is stipulated; besides. -- To
sell bargains, to make saucy ( usually indelicate)
repartees. [Obs.] Swift. -- To
strike a bargain, to reach or ratify an agreement.
\'bdA bargain was struck.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Contract; stipulation; purchase; engagement.
Bar"gain, v. i. [OE.
barganien, OF. bargaigner, F.
barguigner, to hesitate, fr. LL.
barcaniare. See Bargain, n.]
To make a bargain; to make a contract for the exchange of
property or services; -- followed by with and
for; as, to bargain with a farmer for a
cow.
So worthless peasants bargain for their wives.
Shak.
Bar"gain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bargained (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bargaining.] To transfer for a
consideration; to barter; to trade; as, to bargain
one horse for another.
To bargain away, to dispose of in a bargain;
-- usually with a sense of loss or disadvantage; as, to
bargain away one's birthright. \'bdThe heir . . . had
somehow bargained away the estate.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Bar`fain*ee" (?), n. [OF.
bargaign\'82, p.p. See Bargain, v.
i.] (Law) The party to a contract who
receives, or agrees to receive, the property sold.
Blackstone.
Bar"gain*er (?), n. One who
makes a bargain; -- sometimes in the sense of
bargainor.
Bar`gain*or" (?), n.
(Law) One who makes a bargain, or contracts with
another; esp., one who sells, or contracts to sell, property to
another.
Blackstone.
Barge (?), n. [OF.
barge, F. berge, fr. LL. barca,
for barica (not found), prob. fr. L. baris
an Egyptian rowboat, fr. Gr. /, prob. fr. Egyptian:
cf. Coptic bari a boat. Cf. Bark a
vessel.] 1. A pleasure boat; a vessel or boat
of state, elegantly furnished and decorated.
2. A large, roomy boat for the conveyance of
passengers or goods; as, a ship's barge; a charcoal
barge.
3. A large boat used by flag officers.
4. A double-decked passenger or freight vessel,
towed by a steamboat. [U.S.]
5. A large omnibus used for excursions.
[Local, U.S.]
Barge"board` (?), n. [Perh.
corrup. of vergeboard; or cf. LL. bargus a
kind of gallows.] A vergeboard.
Barge"course` (?), n. [See
Bargeboard.] (Arch.) A part of the
tiling which projects beyond the principal rafters, in buildings
where there is a gable.
Gwilt.
Bar*gee" (?), n. A
bargeman. [Eng.]
Barge"man (?), n. The man who
manages a barge, or one of the crew of a barge.
Barge"mast`ter (?), n. The
proprietor or manager of a barge, or one of the crew of a
barge.
Bar"ger (?), n. The manager of
a barge. [Obs.]
Bar"ghest` (?), n. [Perh. G.
berg mountain + geist demon, or
b\'84r a bear + geist.] A
goblin, in the shape of a large dog, portending misfortune.
[Also written barguest.]
Ba"ri*a (?), n. [Cf.
Barium.] (Chem.) Baryta.
Bar"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of or pertaining to barium; as, baric
oxide.
Bar"ic, a. [Gr. /
weight.] (Physics) Of or pertaining to
weight, esp. to the weight or pressure of the atmosphere as
measured by the barometer.
Ba*ril"la (?), n. [Sp.
barrilla.] 1. (Bot.) A
name given to several species of Salsola from which soda is made,
by burning the barilla in heaps and lixiviating the ashes.
2. (Com.) (a) The alkali
produced from the plant, being an impure carbonate of soda, used
for making soap, glass, etc., and for bleaching purposes.
(b) Impure soda obtained from the ashes of any
seashore plant, or kelp.
Ure.
Copper barilla (Min.), native
copper in granular form mixed with sand, an ore brought from
Bolivia; -- called also Barilla de
cobre.
\'d8Bar"il*let (?), n. [F.,
dim. of baril barrel.] A little cask, or
something resembling one.
Smart.
Bar" i`ron (?). See under
Iron.
Ba"rite (?), n. (Min.)
Native sulphate of barium, a mineral occurring in
transparent, colorless, white to yellow crystals (generally
tabular), also in granular form, and in compact massive forms
resembling marble. It has a high specific gravity, and hence is
often called heavy spar. It is a common
mineral in metallic veins.
Bar"i*tone (?), a. & n. See
Barytone.
Ba"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
bary`s heavy.] (Chem.)
One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group;
a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high
temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the
facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic
weight, 137. Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called
baryta. [Rarely written
barytum.]
heavy spar, and the like. The oxide was called
barote, by Guyton de Morveau, which name was changed
by Lavoisier to baryta, whence the name of the
metal.
Bard (?), n. [Akin to Dan. &
Sw. bark, Icel. b\'94rkr, LG. & HG.
borke.] 1. The exterior covering
of the trunk and branches of a tree; the rind.
2. Specifically, Peruvian bark.
Bark bed. See Bark stove
(below). -- Bark pit, a pit filled with bark
and water, in which hides are steeped in tanning. --
Bark stove (Hort.), a glazed structure
for keeping tropical plants, having a bed of tanner's bark
(called a bark bed) or other fermentable matter which
produces a moist heat.
Bark, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Barked (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Barking.] 1. To strip the bark
from; to peel.
2. To abrade or rub off any outer covering from; as
to bark one's heel.
3. To girdle. See Girdle, v.
t., 3.
4. To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark;
as, to bark the roof of a hut.
Bark, v. i. [OE. berken, AS.
beorcan; akin to Icel. berkja, and prob. to
E. break.] 1. To make a short,
loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs; -- said of some
animals, but especially of dogs.
2. To make a clamor; to make importunate
outcries.
They bark, and say the Scripture maketh
heretics.
Tyndale.
Where there is the barking of the belly, there no
other commands will be heard, much less obeyed.
Fuller.
Bark, n. The short, loud, explosive
sound uttered by a dog; a similar sound made by some other
animals.
{ Bark, Barque } (?),
n. [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It.
barca, fr. LL. barca for barica.
See Barge.]
1. Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a
pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now
applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind.
Byron.
2. (Naut.) A three-masted vessel, having
her foremast and mainmast squarerigged, and her mizzenmast
schooner-rigged.
Bark"an*tine (?), n. Same as
Barkentine.
Bark" bee`tle (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
small beetle of many species (family Scolytid\'91),
which in the larval state bores under or in the bark of trees,
often doing great damage.
Bark"bound` (?), a. Prevented
from growing, by having the bark too firm or close.
Bar"keep`er (?), n. One who
keeps or tends a bar for the sale of liquors.
Bark"en (?), a. Made of
bark. [Poetic]
Whittier.
Bark"en*tine (?), n. [See
Bark, n., a vessel.] (Naut.)
A threemasted vessel, having the foremast square-rigged, and
the others schooner-rigged. [Spelled also
barquentine, barkantine, etc.] See
Illust. in Append.
Bark"er (?), n. 1. An
animal that barks; hence, any one who clamors unreasonably.
2. One who stands at the doors of shops to urg/
passers by to make purchases. [Cant, Eng.]
3. A pistol. [Slang]
Dickens.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted
redshank.
Bark"er, n. One who strips trees of
their bark.
Bark"er's mill` (?). [From Dr.
Barker, the inventor.] A machine, invented
in the 17th century, worked by a form of reaction wheel. The
water flows into a vertical tube and gushes from apertures in
hollow horizontal arms, causing the machine to revolve on its
axis.
Bark"er*y (?), n. A
tanhouse.
Bark"ing i`rons (?). 1.
Instruments used in taking off the bark of trees.
Gardner.
2. A pair of pistols. [Slang]
Bark"less, a. Destitute of bark.
Bark" louse` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
insect of the family Coccid\'91, which infests the
bark of trees and vines.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis; that
of the pear is Lecanium pyri. See Orange
scale.
Bark"y (?), a. Covered with, or
containing, bark. \'bdThe barky fingers of the
elm.\'b8
Shak.
Bar"ley (?), n. [OE.
barli, barlich, AS. b\'91rlic;
bere barley + l\'c6c (which is prob. the
same as E. like, adj., or perh. a form of AS.
le\'bec leek). AS. bere is akin to Icel,
barr barley, Goth. barizeins made of
barley, L. far spelt; cf. W. barlys barley,
bara bread. /92. Cf. Farina, 6th
Bear.] (Bot.) A valuable grain, of
the family of grasses, genus Hordeum, used for food,
and for making malt, from which are prepared beer, ale, and
whisky.
<-- p. 120 -->
Barley bird (Zo\'94l.), the
siskin. -- Barley sugar, sugar boiled till it
is brittle (formerly with a decoction of barley) and
candied. -- Barley water, a decoction of
barley, used in medicine, as a nutritive and demulcent.
{ Bar"ley*brake` Bar"ley*break` }
(?), n. An ancient rural game, commonly
played round stacks of barley, or other grain, in which some of
the party attempt to catch others who run from a goal.
Bar"ley-bree` (?), n. [Lit.
barley broth. See Brew.] Liquor made from
barley; strong ale. [Humorous]
[Scot.]
Burns.
Bar"ley*corn` (?), n. [See
Corn.] 1. A grain or \'bdcorn\'b8 of
barley.
2. Formerly , a measure of length, equal to the
average length of a grain of barley; the third part of an
inch.
John Barleycorn, a humorous personification of
barley as the source of malt liquor or whisky.
Barm (?), n. [OE.
berme, AS. beorma; akin to Sw.
b\'84rma, G. b\'84rme, and prob. L.
fermenium. \'fb93.] Foam rising upon beer,
or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in
making bread and in brewing; yeast.
Shak.
Barm, n. [OE. bearm,
berm, barm, AS. beorma; akin to
E. bear to support.] The lap or
bosom. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bar"maid` (?), n. A girl or
woman who attends the customers of a bar, as in a tavern or
beershop.
A bouncing barmaid.
W. Irving.
Bar"mas`ter (?), n.
[Berg + master: cf. G.
Bergmeister.] Formerly, a local judge among
miners; now, an officer of the barmote. [Eng.]
Barm"cloth` (?), n.
Apron. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bar"me*ci`dal (?), a. [See
Barmecide.] Unreal; illusory. \'bdA
sort of Barmecidal feast.\'b8
Hood.
Bar"me*cide (?), n. [A prince
of the Barmecide family, who, as related in the
\'bdArabian Nights' Tales\'b8, pretended to set before the hungry
Shacabac food, on which the latter pretended to feast.]
One who proffers some illusory advantage or benefit. Also
used as an adj.: Barmecidal. \'bdA
Barmecide feast.\'b8
Dickens.
Bar"mote` (?), n.
[Barg + mote meeting.] A
court held in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies
between miners.
Blount.
Balm"y (?), a. Full of barm or
froth; in a ferment. \'bdBarmy beer.\'b8
Dryden.
Barn (?), n. [OE.
bern, AS. berern, bern;
bere barley + ern, \'91rn, a
close place. /92. See Barley.] A covered
building used chiefly for storing grain, hay, and other
productions of a farm. In the United States a part of the barn is
often used for stables.
Barn owl (Zo\'94l.), an owl of
Europe and America (Aluco flammeus, or Strix
flammea), which frequents barns and other buildings.
-- Barn swallow (Zo\'94l.), the common
American swallow (Hirundo horreorum), which attaches
its nest of mud to the beams and rafters of barns.
Barn, v. t. To lay up in a barn.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Men . . . often barn up the chaff, and burn up the
grain.
Fuller.
Barn, n. A child. [Obs.]
See Bairn.
Bar"na*bite (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) A member of a religious order, named from St.
Barnabas.
Bar"na*cle (?), n. [Prob. from
E. barnacle a kind of goose, which was popularly
supposed to grow from this shellfish; but perh. from LL.
bernacula for pernacula, dim. of
perna ham, sea mussel; cf. Gr. / ham Cf.
F. bernacle, barnacle, E.
barnacle a goose; and Ir. bairneach,
barneach, limpet.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any cirriped crustacean adhering to rocks, floating timber,
ships, etc., esp. (a) the sessile species (genus
Balanus and allies), and (b) the stalked or
goose barnacles (genus Lepas and allies). See
Cirripedia, and Goose barnacle.
Barnacle eater (Zo\'94l.), the
orange filefish. -- Barnacle scale
(Zo\'94l.), a bark louse (Ceroplastes
cirripediformis) of the orange and quince trees in Florida.
The female scale curiously resembles a sessile barnacle in
form.
Bar"na*cle, n. [See
Bernicle.] A bernicle goose.
Bar"na*cle, n. [OE. bernak,
bernacle; cf. OF. bernac, and Prov. F.
(Berri) berniques, spectacles.] 1.
pl. (Far.) An instrument for
pinching a horse's nose, and thus restraining him.
[Formerly used in the sing.]
The barnacles . . . give pain almost equal to that
of the
switch.
Youatt.
2. pl. Spectacles; -- so called from
their resemblance to the barnacles used by farriers.
[Cant, Eng.]
Dickens.
Barn"yard` (?), n. A yard
belonging to a barn.
\'d8Ba*roc"co (?), a.
[It.] (Arch.) See
Baroque.
Bar"o*graph (?), n.
[Gr./ weight + -graph.]
(Meteor.) An instrument for recording
automatically the variations of atmospheric pressure.
Ba*ro"ko (?), n. [A mnemonic
word.] (Logic) A form or mode of syllogism
of which the first proposition is a universal affirmative, and
the other two are particular negative.
Ba*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ weight + -logy.] The science
of weight or gravity.
Bar`o*ma*crom"e*ter (?), n.
[Gr. / weight + / long +
-meter.] (Med.) An instrument
for ascertaining the weight and length of a newborn infant.
Ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ weight + -meter: cf. F.
barom\'8atre.] An instrument for
determining the weight or pressure of the atmosphere, and hence
for judging of the probable changes of weather, or for
ascertaining the height of any ascent.
Sympiesometer.
Nichol.
Aneroid barometer. See Aneroid
barometer, under Aneroid. -- Marine
barometer, a barometer with tube contracted at bottom
to prevent rapid oscillations of the mercury, and suspended in
gimbals from an arm or support on shipboard. --
Mountain barometer, a portable mercurial barometer
with tripod support, and long scale, for measuring heights.
-- Siphon barometer, a barometer having a tube
bent like a hook with the longer leg closed at the top. The
height of the mercury in the longer leg shows the pressure of the
atmosphere. -- Wheel barometer, a barometer
with recurved tube, and a float, from which a cord passes over a
pulley and moves an index.
{ Bar`o*met"ric (?),
Bar`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to the barometer; made or indicated by a
barometer; as, barometric changes;
barometrical observations.
Bar`o*met"ric*al*ly, adv. By means of a
barometer, or according to barometric observations.
Bar`o*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Gr.
/ weight + / measure +
-graph.] A form of barometer so constructed
as to inscribe of itself upon paper a record of the variations of
atmospheric pressure.
Ba*rom"e*try (?), n. The art or
process of making barometrical measurements.
Bar"o*metz (?), n. [Cf. Russ.
baranets' clubmoss.] (Bot.) The
woolly-skinned rhizoma or rootstock of a fern (Dicksonia
barometz), which, when specially prepared and inverted,
somewhat resembles a lamb; -- called also Scythian
lamb.
Bar"on (?), n. [OE.
baron, barun, OF. baron, accus.
of ber, F. baron, prob. fr. OHG.
baro (not found) bearer, akin to E. bear to
support; cf. O. Frisian bere, LL. baro, It.
barone, Sp. varon. From the meaning
bearer (of burdens) seem to have come the senses
strong man, man (in distinction from
woman), which is the oldest meaning in French, and lastly,
nobleman. Cf. L. baro, simpleton. See
Bear to support.]
1. A title or degree of nobility; originally, the
possessor of a fief, who had feudal tenants under him; in modern
times, in France and Germany, a nobleman next in rank below a
count; in England, a nobleman of the lowest grade in the House of
Lords, being next below a viscount.
Barons; and it is to them, and not to the members of
the lowest grade of the nobility (to whom the title at the
present time belongs), that reference is made when we read of the
Barons of the early days of England's history . . . . Barons are
addressed as 'My Lord,' and are styled 'Right Honorable.' All
their sons and daughters 'Honorable.'\'b8
Cussans.
2. (Old Law) A husband; as,
baron and feme, husband and wife.
[R.]
Cowell.
Baron of beef, two sirloins not cut asunder at
the backbone. -- Barons of the Cinque Ports,
formerly members of the House of Commons, elected by the
seven Cinque Ports, two for each port. -- Baron of the
exchequer, the judges of the Court of Exchequer, one of
the three ancient courts of England, now abolished.
Bar"on*age (?), n. [OE.
barnage, baronage, OF.barnage,
F. baronnage; cf. LL. baronagium.]
1. The whole body of barons or peers.
The baronage of the kingdom.
Bp. Burnet.
2. The dignity or rank of a baron.
3. The land which gives title to a baron.
[Obs.]
Bar"on*ess (?), n. A baron's
wife; also, a lady who holds the baronial title in her own right;
as, the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.
Bar"on*et (?), n.
[Baron + -et.] A dignity or
degree of honor next below a baron and above a knight, having
precedency of all orders of knights except those of the Garter.
It is the lowest degree of honor that is hereditary. The baronets
are commoners.
lesser baron, was in use long before. \'bdBaronets
have the title of 'Sir' prefixed to their Christian names; their
surnames being followed by their dignity, usually abbreviated
Bart. Their wives are addressed as 'Lady' or 'Madam'.
Their sons are possessed of no title beyond 'Esquire.'\'b8
Cussans.
Bar"on*et*age (?), n. 1.
State or rank of a baronet.
2. The collective body of baronets.
Bar"on*et*cy (?), n. The rank
or patent of a baronet.
Ba*ro"ni*al (?), a. Pertaining
to a baron or a barony. \'bdBaronial tenure.\'b8
Hallam.
Bar"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Baronies (/). [OF. baronie,
F. baronnie, LL. baronia. See
Baron.] 1. The fee or domain of a
baron; the lordship, dignity, or rank of a baron.
2. In Ireland, a territorial division,
corresponding nearly to the English hundred, and
supposed to have been originally the district of a native chief.
There are 252 of these baronies. In Scotland, an extensive
freehold. It may be held by a commoner.
Brande & C.
Ba*roque" (?), a. [F.; cf. It.
barocco.] (Arch.) In bad taste;
grotesque; odd.
Bar"o*scope (?), n. [Gr.
/ weight + -scope: cf. F.
baroscope.] Any instrument showing the
changes in the weight of the atmosphere; also, less
appropriately, any instrument that indicates -or foreshadows
changes of the weather, as a deep vial of liquid holding in
suspension some substance which rises and falls with atmospheric
changes.
{ Bar`o*scop"ic (?),
Bar`o*scop"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope.
Ba*rouche" (?), n. [G.
barutsche, It. baroccio,
biroccio, LL. barrotium, fr. L.
birotus two-wheeled; bi=bis twice +
rota wheel.] A four-wheeled carriage, with
a falling top, a seat on the outside for the driver, and two
double seats on the inside arranged so that the sitters on the
front seat face those on the back seat.
Ba`rou*chet" (?), n. A kind of
light barouche.
Bar"post` (?), n. A post sunk
in the ground to receive the bars closing a passage into a
field.
Barque (?), n. Same as 3d
Bark, n.
Bar"ra*can (?), n. [F.
baracan, bouracan (cf. Pr.
barracan, It. baracane, Sp.
barragan, Pg. barregana, LL.
barracanus), fr. Ar. barrak\'ben a kind of
black gown, perh. fr. Per. barak a garment made of
camel's hair.] A thick, strong stuff, somewhat like
camlet; -- still used for outer garments in the Levant.
Bar"rack (?), n. [F.
baraque, fr. It. baracca (cf. Sp.
barraca), from LL. barra bar. See
Bar, n.]
1. (Mil.) A building for soldiers,
especially when in garrison. Commonly in the pl.,
originally meaning temporary huts, but now usually applied to a
permanent structure or set of buildings.
He lodged in a miserable hut or barrack, composed
of dry branches and thatched with straw.
Gibbon.
2. A movable roof sliding on four posts, to cover
hay, straw, etc. [Local, U.S.]
Bar"rack, v. t. To supply with barracks;
to establish in barracks; as, to barrack
troops.
Bar"rack, v. i. To live or lodge in
barracks.
Bar"ra*clade (?), n. [D.
baar, OD. baer, naked, bare +
kleed garment, i.e., cloth
undressed or without nap.] A home-made woolen blanket
without nap. [Local, New York]
Bartlett.
Bar"ra*coon` (?), n. [Sp. or
Pg. barraca. See Barrack.] A slave
warehouse, or an inclosure where slaves are quartered
temporarily.
Du Chaillu.
{ Bar`ra*cu"da (?),
Bar`ra*cou"ata (?), } n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A voracious pikelike,
marine fish, of the genus Sphyr\'91na, sometimes used
as food.
Sphyr\'91na spet (or S. vulgaris); a
southern species is S. picuda; the Californian is
S. argentea.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large edible fresh-water
fish of Australia and New Zealand (Thyrsites
atun).
Bar"rage (?), n. [F., fr.
barrer to bar, from barre bar.]
(Engin.) An artificial bar or obstruction placed
in a river or water course to increase the depth of water;
as, the barrages of the Nile.
\'d8Bar*ran"ca (?), n.
[Sp.] A ravine caused by heavy rains or a
watercourse. [Texas & N. Mex.]
\'d8Bar"ras (?), n. [F.]
A resin, called also galipot.
Bar"ra*tor (?), n. [OE.
baratour, OF. barateor deceiver, fr. OF.
barater, bareter, to deceive, cheat,
barter. See Barter, v. i.] One
guilty of barratry.
Bar"ra*trous (?), /
(Law) Tainter with, or constituting,
barratry. -- Bar"ra*trous*ly,
adv.
Kent.
Bar"ra*try (?), n. [Cf. F.
baraterie, LL. barataria. See
Barrator, and cf. Bartery.] 1.
(Law) The practice of exciting and encouraging
lawsuits and quarrels. [Also spelt
barretry.]
Coke. Blackstone.
2. (Mar. Law) A fraudulent breach of
duty or willful act of known illegality on the part of a master
of a ship, in his character of master, or of the mariners, to the
injury of the owner of the ship or cargo, and without his
consent. It includes every breach of trust committed with
dishonest purpose, as by running away with the ship, sinking or
deserting her, etc., or by embezzling the cargo.
Kent. Part.
3. (Scots Law) The crime of a judge who
is influenced by bribery in pronouncing judgment.
Wharton.
Barred" owl" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
large American owl (Syrnium nebulosum); -- so called
from the transverse bars of a dark brown color on the
breast.
Bar"rel (?), n.[OE.
barel, F. baril, prob. fr. barre
bar. Cf. Barricade.] 1. A round
vessel or cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in
the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends
or heads.
2. The quantity which constitutes a full barrel.
This varies for different articles and also in different places
for the same article, being regulated by custom or by law. A
barrel of wine is 31
3. A solid drum, or a hollow cylinder or case;
as, the barrel of a windlass; the barrel of
a watch, within which the spring is coiled.
<-- p. 121 -->
4. A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a
projectile is discharged.
Knight.
5. A jar. [Obs.]
1 Kings xvii. 12.
6. (Zo\'94l.) The hollow basal part of a
feather.
Barrel bulk (Com.), a measure equal
to five cubic feet, used in estimating capacity, as of a vessel
for freight. -- Barrel drain (Arch.),
a drain in the form of a cylindrical tube. --
Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part of a
boiler, containing the flues. -- Barrel of the
ear (Anat.), the tympanum, or tympanic
cavity. -- Barrel organ, an instrument for
producing music by the action of a revolving cylinder. --
Barrel vault. See under Vault.
Bar"rel (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Barreled (/), or
Barrelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barreling, or Barrelling.] To
put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.
{ Bar"reled, Bar"relled }
(?), a. Having a barrel; -- used in
composition; as, a double-barreled gun.
Bar"ren (?), a. [OE.
barein, OF. brehaing, /em.
brehaigne, baraigne, F.
br\'82haigne; of uncertain origin; cf. Arm.
br\'82kha/, markha/, sterile; LL.
brana a sterile mare, principally in Aquitanian and
Spanish documents; Bisc. barau, baru,
fasting.] 1. Incapable of producing
offspring; producing no young; sterile; -- /aid of women and
female animals.
She was barren of children.
Bp. Hall.
2. Not producing vegetation, or useful vegetation;
/rile. \'bdBarren mountain tracts.\'b8
Macaulay.
3. Unproductive; fruitless; unprofitable;
empty.
Brilliant but barren reveries.
Prescott.
Some schemes will appear barren of hints and
matter.
Swift.
4. Mentally dull; stupid.
Shak.
Barren flower, a flower which has only stamens
without a pistil, or which as neither stamens nor pistils.
-- Barren Grounds (Geog.), a vast tract
in British America northward of the forest regions. --
Barren Ground bear (Zo\'94l.), a
peculiar bear, inhabiting the Barren Grounds, now believed to be
a variety of the brown bear of Europe. -- Barren Ground
caribou (Zo\'94l.), a small reindeer
(Rangifer Gr\'d2nlandicus) peculiar to the Barren
Grounds and Greenland.
Bar"ren, n. 1. A tract of
barren land.
2. pl. Elevated lands or plains on
which grow small trees, but not timber; as, pine
barrens; oak barrens. They are not
necessarily sterile, and are often fertile.
[Amer.]
J. Pickering.
Bar"ren*ly, adv. Unfruitfully;
unproductively.
Bar"ren*ness, n. The condition of being
barren; sterility; unproductiveness.
A total barrenness of invention.
Dryden.
Bar"ren*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) An herbaceous plant of the Barberry family
(Epimedium alpinum), having leaves that are bitter and
said to be sudorific.
Bar"ret (?), n. [F.
barrette, LL. barretum a cap. See
Berretta, and cf. Biretta.] A kind
of cap formerly worn by soldiers; -- called also barret
cap. Also, the flat cap worn by Roman Catholic
ecclesiastics.
Bar`ri*cade" (?), n. [F.
barricade, fr. Sp. barricada, orig. a
barring up with casks; fr. barrica cask, perh. fr. LL.
barra bar. See Bar, n., and cf.
Barrel, n.]
1. (Mil.) A fortification, made in
haste, of trees, earth, palisades, wagons, or anything that will
obstruct the progress or attack of an enemy. It is usually an
obstruction formed in streets to block an enemy's access.
2. Any bar, obstruction, or means of defense.
Such a barricade as would greatly annoy, or
absolutely stop,
the currents of the atmosphere.
Derham.
Bar`ri*cade", v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Barricaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Barricading.] [Cf. F.
barricader. See Barricade,
n.] To fortify or close with a barricade or
with barricades; to stop up, as a passage; to obstruct; as,
the workmen barricaded the streets of Paris.
The further end whereof [a bridge] was barricaded
with barrels.
Hakluyt.
Bar`ri*cad"er (?), n. One who
constructs barricades.
Bar`ri*ca"do (?), n. & v. t.
See Barricade.
Shak.
Bar"ri*er (?), n. [OE.
barrere, barere, F. barri\'8are,
fr. barre bar. See Bar, n.]
1. (Fort.) A carpentry obstruction,
stockade, or other obstacle made in a passage in order to stop an
enemy.
2. A fortress or fortified town, on the frontier of
a country, commanding an avenue of approach.
3. pl. A fence or railing to mark the
limits of a place, or to keep back a crowd.
No sooner were the barriers opened, than he paced
into the lists.
Sir W. Scott.
4. An any obstruction; anything which hinders
approach or attack. \'bdConstitutional
barriers.\'b8
Hopkinson.
5. Any limit or boundary; a line of
separation.
'Twixt that [instinct] and reason, what a nice
barrier !
Pope.
Barrier gate, a heavy gate to close the
opening through a barrier. -- Barrier reef, a
form of coral reef which runs in the general direction of the
shore, and incloses a lagoon channel more or less extensive.
-- To fight at barriers, to fight with a barrier
between, as a martial exercise. [Obs.]
\'d8Bar`ri*gu"do (?), n.
[Native name, fr. Sp. barrigudo
big-bellied.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
dark-colored, South American monkey, of the genus
Lagothrix, having a long prehensile tail.
Bar`ring*out" (?), n. The act
of closing the doors of a schoolroom against a schoolmaster; -- a
boyish mode of rebellion in schools.
Swift.
Bar"ris*ter (?), n. [From
Bar, n.] Counselor at law; a
counsel admitted to plead at the bar, and undertake the public
trial of causes, as distinguished from an attorney or solicitor.
See Attorney. [Eng.]
Bar"room` (?), n. A room
containing a bar or counter at which liquors are sold.
Bar"row (?), n. [OE.
barow, fr. AS. beran to bear. See
Bear to support, and cf. Bier.]
1. A support having handles, and with or without a
wheel, on which heavy or bulky things can be transported by hand.
See Handbarrow, and Wheelbarrow.
2. (Salt Works) A wicker case, in which
salt is put to drain.
Bar"row (?), n. [OE.
barow, bargh, AS. bearg,
bearh; akin to Icel. b\'94rgr, OHG.
barh, barug, G. barch.
/95.] A hog, esp. a male hog castrated.
Holland.
Bar"row, n. [OE. bergh, AS.
beorg, beorh, hill, sepulchral mound; akin
to G. berg mountain, Goth. bairgahei hill,
hilly country, and perh. to Skr. b/hant high, OIr.
brigh mountain. Cf. Berg, Berry a
mound, and Borough an incorporated town.]
1. A large mound of earth or stones over the
remains of the dead; a tumulus.
2. (Mining) A heap of rubbish, attle,
etc.
Bar"row*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Henry Barrowe, one of the founders of
Independency or Congregationalism in England. Barrowe was
executed for nonconformity in 1953.
Bar"ru*let (?), n. [Dim. of
bar, n.] (Her.) A diminutive of
the bar, having one fourth its width.
Bar"ru*ly (?), a. (Her.)
Traversed by barrulets or small bars; -- said of the
field.
Bar"ry (?), a.
(Her.), Divided into bars; -- said of the
field.
Barse (?), n. [AS.
bears, b\'91rs, akin to D.
baars, G. bars, barsch. Cf. 1st
Bass, n.] The common perch. See
1st Bass. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Bar"tend`er (?), n. A
barkeeper.
Bar"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bartered (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bartering.]
[OE. bartren, OF. barater,
bareter, to cheat, exchange, perh. fr. Gr.
/ to do, deal (well or ill), use practices or
tricks, or perh. fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. brath treachery,
W. brad. Cf. Barrator.] To traffic
or trade, by exchanging one commodity for another, in distinction
from a sale and purchase, in which money is
paid for the commodities transferred; to truck.
Bar"ter, v. t. To trade or exchange in
the way of barter; to exchange (frequently for an unworthy
consideration); to traffic; to truck; -- sometimes followed by
away; as, to barter away goods or
honor.
Bar"ter, n. 1. The act or
practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities; an exchange
of goods.
The spirit of huckstering and barter.
Burke.
2. The thing given in exchange.
Syn. -- Exchange; dealing; traffic; trade; truck.
Bar"ter*er (?), n. One who
barters.
Bar"ter*y (?), n. Barter.
[Obs.]
Camden.
Barth (?), n. [Etymol.
unknown.] A place of shelter for cattle.
[Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Bar*thol"o*mew tide` (?). Time of the
festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th.
Shak.
Bar"ti*zan` (?), n. [Cf.
Brettice.] (Arch.) A small,
overhanging structure for lookout or defense, usually projecting
at an angle of a building or near an entrance gateway.
Bart"lett (?), n. (Bot.)
A Bartlett pear, a favorite kind of pear, which originated
in England about 1770, and was called Williams'
Bonchr\'82tien. It was brought to America, and distributed
by Mr. Enoch Bartlett, of Dorchester, Massachusetts.
Bar"ton (?), n. [AS.
beret/n courtyard, grange; bere barley +
t/n an inclosure. ] 1. The
demesne lands of a manor; also, the manor itself.
[Eng.]
Burton.
2. A farmyard. [Eng.]
Southey.
Bar"tram (?), n. (Bot.)
See Bertram.
Johnson.
Bar"way` (?), n. A passage into
a field or yard, closed by bars made to take out of the
posts.
Bar"wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) Horizontally.
Bar"wood` (?), n. A red wood of
a leguminous tree (Baphia nitida), from Angola and the
Gaboon in Africa. It is used as a dyewood, and also for ramrods,
violin bows and turner's work.
Bar`y*cen"tric (?), a. [Gr.
/ heavy + / center.] Of or
pertaining to the center of gravity. See Barycentric
calculus, under Calculus.
Ba*ryph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.
/ heavy + / a sound voice.]
(Med.) Difficulty of speech.
Ba*ry"ta (?), n. [Gr.
/ heavy. Cf. Baria.]
(Chem.) An oxide of barium (or barytum); a heavy
earth with a specific gravity above 4.
Ba*ry"tes (?), n. [Gr.
/ heavy: cf. Gr. / heaviness, F.
baryte.] (Min.) Barium sulphate,
generally called heavy spar or
barite. See Barite.
Ba*ryt"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to baryta.
Ba*ry"to-cal"cite (?), n.
[Baryta + calcite.]
(Min.) A mineral of a white or gray color,
occurring massive or crystallized. It is a compound of the
carbonates of barium and calcium.
{ Bar"y*tone, Bar"i*tone }
(?), a. [Gr. /;
/ heavy + / tone.] 1.
(Mus.) Grave and deep, as a kind of male
voice.
2. (Greek Gram.) Not marked with an
accent on the last syllable, the grave accent being
understood.
{ Bar"y*tone, Bar"i*tone },
n. [F. baryton: cf. It.
baritono.] 1. (Mus.)
(a) A male voice, the compass of which partakes of
the common bass and the tenor, but which does not descend as low
as the one, nor rise as high as the other. (b)
A person having a voice of such range. (c)
The viola di gamba, now entirely disused.
2. (Greek Gram.) A word which has no
accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being
understood.
Ba*ry"tum (?), n. [NL.]
(Chem.) The metal barium. See
Barium. [R.]
Ba"sal (?), a. Relating to, or
forming, the base.
Basal cleavage. See under
Cleavage. -- Basal plane
(Crystallog.), one parallel to the lateral or
horizontal axis.
Ba"sal-nerved` (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the nerves radiating from the base;
-- said of leaves.
Ba*salt" (?), n. [N.
basaltes (an African word), a dark and hard species of
marble found in Ethiopia: cf. F. basalte.]
1. (Geol.) A rock of igneous origin,
consisting of augite and triclinic feldspar, with grains of
magnetic or titanic iron, and also bottle-green particles of
olivine frequently disseminated.
2. An imitation, in pottery, of natural basalt; a
kind of black porcelain.
Ba*salt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
basaltique.] Pertaining to basalt; formed
of, or containing, basalt; as basaltic lava.
Ba*salt"i*form (?), a.
[Basalt + -form.] In the
form of basalt; columnar.
Ba*salt"oid (?), a.
[Basalt + -oid.] Formed
like basalt; basaltiform.
Bas"an (?), n. Same as
Basil, a sheepskin.
Bas"a*nite (?), n. [L.
basanites lapis, Gr. / the touchstone:
cf. F. basanite.] (Min.) Lydian
stone, or black jasper, a variety of siliceous or flinty slate,
of a grayish or bluish black color. It is employed to test the
purity of gold, the amount of alloy being indicated by the color
left on the stone when rubbed by the metal.
\'d8Bas`bleu" (?), n. [F., fr.
bas stocking + bleu blue.] A
bluestocking; a literary woman. [Somewhat
derisive]
Bas"ci*net (?), n. [OE.
bacinet, basnet, OF. bassinet,
bacinet, F. bassinet, dim. of OF.
bacin, F. bassin, a helmet in the form of a
basin.] A light helmet, at first open, but later made
with a visor. [Written also basinet,
bassinet, basnet.]
Bas"cule (?), n. [F., a
seesaw.] In mechanics an apparatus on the principle of
the seesaw, in which one end rises as the other falls.
Bascule bridge, a counterpoise or balanced
drawbridge, which is opened by sinking the counterpoise and thus
lifting the footway into the air.
Base (?), a. [OE.
bass, F. bas, low, fr. LL.
bassus thick, fat, short, humble; cf. L.
Bassus, a proper name, and W. bas shallow.
Cf. Bass a part in music.] 1. Of
little, or less than the usual, height; of low growth; as,
base shrubs. [Archaic]
Shak.
2. Low in place or position.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Of humble birth; or low degree; lowly;
mean. [Archaic] \'bdA pleasant and
base swain.\'b8
Bacon.
4. Illegitimate by birth; bastard.
[Archaic]
Why bastard? wherefore base?
Shak.
5. Of little comparative value, as metal inferior
to gold and silver, the precious metals.
6. Alloyed with inferior metal; debased; as,
base coin; base bullion.
7. Morally low. Hence: Low-minded; unworthy;
without dignity of sentiment; ignoble; mean; illiberal; menial;
as, a base fellow; base motives;
base occupations. \'bdA cruel act of a
base and a cowardish mind.\'b8 Robynson (More's
Utopia). \'bdBase ingratitude.\'b8
Milton.
8. Not classical or correct.
\'bdBase Latin.\'b8
Fuller.
9. Deep or grave in sound; as, the
base tone of a violin. [In this sense,
commonly written bass.]
10. (Law) Not held by honorable service;
as, a base estate, one held by services not
honorable; held by villenage. Such a tenure is called
base, or low, and the tenant, a base
tenant.
Base fee, formerly, an estate held at the will
of the lord; now, a qualified fee. See note under Fee,
n., 4. -- Base metal. See under
Metal.
Syn. -- Dishonorable; worthless; ignoble; low-minded;
infamous; sordid; degraded. -- Base,
Vile, Mean. These words, as expressing moral
qualities, are here arranged in the order of their strength, the
strongest being placed first. Base marks a high degree
of moral turpitude; vile and mean denote,
in different degrees, the want of what is valuable or worthy of
esteem. What is base excites our abhorrence; what is
vile provokes our disgust or indignation; what is
mean awakens contempt. Base is opposed to
high-minded; vile, to noble; mean, to
liberal or generous. Ingratitude is base; sycophancy
is vile; undue compliances are
mean.
Base, n. [F. base, L.
basis, fr. Gr. / a stepping step, a base,
pedestal, fr. / to go, step, akin to E.
come. Cf. Basis, and see
Come.] 1. The bottom of anything,
considered as its support, or that on which something rests for
support; the foundation; as, the base of a
statue. \'bdThe base of mighty
mountains.\'b8
Prescott.
2. Fig.: The fundamental or essential part of a
thing; the essential principle; a groundwork.
3. (Arch.) (a) The lower part
of a wall, pier, or column, when treated as a separate feature,
usually in projection, or especially ornamented.
(b) The lower part of a complete architectural
design, as of a monument; also, the lower part of any elaborate
piece of furniture or decoration.
4. (Bot.) That extremity of a leaf,
fruit, etc., at which it is attached to its support.
<-- p. 122 -->
5. (Chem.) The positive, or non-acid
component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid,
neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; -- applied also to the
hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain
organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts
with acids.
6. (Pharmacy) The chief ingredient in a
compound.
7. (Dyeing) A substance used as a
mordant.
Ure.
8. (Fort.) The exterior side of the
polygon, or that imaginary line which connects the salient angles
of two adjacent bastions.
9. (Geom.) The line or surface
constituting that part of a figure on which it is supposed to
stand.
10. (Math.) The number from which a
mathematical table is constructed; as, the base of a
system of logarithms.
11. [See Base low.] A low, or
deep, sound. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part; the
deepest male voice. (b) One who sings, or the instrument
which plays, base. [Now commonly written
bass.]
The trebles squeak for fear, the bases roar.
Dryden.
12. (Mil.) A place or tract of country,
protected by fortifications, or by natural advantages, from which
the operations of an army proceed, forward movements are made,
supplies are furnished, etc.
13. (Mil.) The smallest kind of
cannon. [Obs.]
14. (Zo\'94l.) That part of an organ by
which it is attached to another more central organ.
15. (Crystallog.) The basal plane of a
crystal.
16. (Geol.) The ground mass of a rock,
especially if not distinctly crystalline.
17. (Her.) The lower part of the field.
See Escutcheon.
18. The housing of a horse.
[Obs.]
19. pl. A kind of skirt ( often of
velvet or brocade, but sometimes of mailed armor) which hung from
the middle to about the knees, or lower.
[Obs.]
20. The lower part of a robe or petticoat.
[Obs.]
21. An apron. [Obs.] \'bdBakers
in their linen bases.\'b8
Marston.
22. The point or line from which a start is made; a
starting place or a goal in various games.
To their appointed base they went.
Dryden.
23. (Surv.) A line in a survey which,
being accurately determined in length and position, serves as the
origin from which to compute the distances and positions of any
points or objects connected with it by a system of
triangles.
Lyman.
24. A rustic play; -- called also
prisoner's base, prison
base, or bars. \'bdTo run the
country base.\'b8
Shak.
25. (Baseball) Any one of the four
bounds which mark the circuit of the infield.
Altern base. See under Altern.
-- Attic base. (Arch.) See under
Attic. -- Base course.
(Arch.) (a) The first or lower course of
a foundation wall, made of large stones of a mass of concrete; --
called also foundation course. (b)
The architectural member forming the transition between the
basement and the wall above. -- Base hit
(Baseball), a hit, by which the batsman, without
any error on the part of his opponents, is able to reach the
first base without being put out. -- Base line.
(a) A main line taken as a base, as in surveying or
in military operations. (b) A line traced round
a cannon at the rear of the vent. -- Base plate,
the foundation plate of heavy machinery, as of the steam
engine; the bed plate. -- Base ring
(Ordnance), a projecting band of metal around the
breech, connected with the body of the gun by a concave
molding. H. L. Scott.
Base (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Based (/); p.
pr. & vb. n. Basing.] [From
Base, n.] To put on a base or
basis; to lay the foundation of; to found, as an argument or
conclusion; -- used with on or upon.
Bacon.
Base, v. t. [See Base,
a., and cf. Abase.] 1. To
abase; to let, or cast, down; to lower. [Obs.]
If any . . . based his pike.
Sir T. North.
2. To reduce the value of; to debase.
[Obs.]
Metals which we can not base.
Bacon.
Base"ball" (?), n. 1.
A game of ball, so called from the bases or bounds ( four in
number) which designate the circuit which each player must
endeavor to make after striking the ball.
2. The ball used in this game.
Base"board (?), n.
(Arch.) A board, or other woodwork, carried round
the walls of a room and touching the floor, to form a base and
protect the plastering; -- also called washboard (in
England), mopboard, and scrubboard.
Base"born` (?), a. 1.
Born out of wedlock.
Gay.
2. Born of low parentage.
3. Vile; mean. \'bdThy baseborn
heart.\'b8
Shak.
Base"-burn`er (?), n. A furnace
or stove in which the fuel is contained in a hopper or chamber,
and is fed to the fire as the lower stratum is consumed.
Base"-court` (?), n. [F.
basse-cour. See Base, a., and
Court, n.] 1. The
secondary, inferior, or rear courtyard of a large house; the
outer court of a castle.
2. (Law) An inferior court of law, not
of record.
Based (?), p. p. & a.
1. Having a base, or having as a base; supported;
as, broad-based.
2. [See Base, n., 18-21.]
Wearing, or protected by, bases. [Obs.]
\'bdBased in lawny velvet.\'b8
E. Hall.
Ba"se*dow's dis*ease" (?). [Named for Dr.
Basedow, a German physician.] (Med.)
A disease characterized by enlargement of the thyroid gland,
prominence of the eyeballs, and inordinate action of the heart;
-- called also exophthalmic goiter.
Flint.
Bas"e*lard (?), n. [OF.
baselarde, LL. basillardus.] A
short sword or dagger, worn in the fifteenth century.
[Written also baslard.]
Fairholt.
Base"less, a. Without a base; having no
foundation or support. \'bdThe baseless fabric
of this vision.\'b8
Shak.
Base"ly, adv. 1. In a base
manner; with despicable meanness; dishonorably; shamefully.
2. Illegitimately; in bastardy.
[Archaic]
Knolles.
Base"ment (?), n. [F.
soubassement. Of uncertain origin. Cf. Base,
a., Bastion.] (Arch.)
The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a
part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. (
See Base, n., 3 (a).) Hence: The
rooms of a ground floor, collectively.
Basement membrane (Anat.), a
delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells,
forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the
epithelioid cells are disposed.
Base"ness (?), n. The quality
or condition of being base; degradation; vileness.
I once did hold it a baseness to write fair.
Shak.
Bas"e*net (?), n. See
Bascinet. [Obs.]
Base" vi`ol (?). See Bass
viol.
Bash (?), v. t. & i. [OE.
baschen, baissen. See
Abash.] To abash; to disconcert or be
disconcerted or put out of countenance. [Obs.]
His countenance was bold and bashed not.
Spenser.
Ba*shaw" (?), n. [See
Pasha.] 1. A Turkish title of honor,
now written pasha. See Pasha.
2. Fig.: A magnate or grandee.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A very large siluroid fish
(Leptops olivaris) of the Mississippi valley; -- also
called goujon, mud cat, and yellow
cat.
Bash"ful (?), a. [See
Bash.] 1. Abashed; daunted;
dismayed. [Obs.]
2. Very modest, or modest excess; constitutionally
disposed to shrink from public notice; indicating extreme or
excessive modesty; shy; as, a bashful person,
action, expression.
Syn. -- Diffident; retiring; reserved; shamefaced;
sheepish.
Bash"ful*ly, adv. In a bashful
manner.
Bash"ful*ness, n. The quality of being
bashful.
Syn. -- Bashfulness, Modesty,
Diffidence, Shyness.
Modesty arises from a low estimate of ourselves;
bashfulness is an abashment or agitation of
the spirits at coming into contact with others;
diffidence is produced by an undue degree of
self-distrust; shyness usually arises from an
excessive self-consciousness, and a painful impression that every
one is looking at us. Modesty of deportment is
becoming at all; bashfulness often gives rise to
mistakes and blundering; diffidence is society
frequently makes a man a burden to himself; shyness
usually produces a reserve or distance which is often mistaken
for haughtiness.
\'d8Bash"i-ba*zouk" (?), n.
[Turkish, light-headed, a foolish fellow.] A
soldier belonging to the irregular troops of the Turkish
army.
Bash"less, a. Shameless;
unblushing. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bas"hyle (?), n. (Chem.)
See Basyle.
Ba"si- (?). A combining form, especially
in anatomical and botanical words, to indicate the
base or position at or near a base; forming
a base; as, basibranchials, the most
ventral of the cartilages or bones of the branchial arches;
basicranial, situated at the base of the cranium;
basifacial, basitemporal, etc.
Ba"sic (?), a. 1.
(Chem.) (a) Relating to a base;
performing the office of a base in a salt. (b)
Having the base in excess, or the amount of the base
atomically greater than that of the acid, or exceeding in
proportion that of the related neutral salt. (c)
Apparently alkaline, as certain normal salts which exhibit
alkaline reactions with test paper.
2. (Min.) Said of crystalline rocks
which contain a relatively low percentage of silica, as
basalt.
Basic salt (Chem.), a salt formed
from a base or hydroxide by the partial replacement of its
hydrogen by a negative or acid element or radical.
Ba*sic"er*ite (?), n.
[Basi- + Gr. / horn, antenna.]
(Zo\'94l.) The second joint of the antenn\'91 of
crustaceans.
Ba*sic"i*ty, n. (Chem.)
(a) The quality or state of being a base.
(b) The power of an acid to unite with one or more
atoms or equivalents of a base, as indicated by the number of
replaceable hydrogen atoms contained in the acid.
Ba*sid"i*o*spore (?), n.
[Basidium + spore.]
(Bot.) A spore borne by a basidium. --
Ba*sid`i*o*spor"ous (/),
a.
\'d8Ba*sid"i*um (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of Gr. / base.] (Bot.) A
special oblong or pyriform cell, with slender branches, which
bears the spores in that division of fungi called
Basidiomycetes, of which the common mushroom is an
example.
Ba"si*fi`er (?), n.
(Chem.) That which converts into a salifiable
base.
Ba*sif"u*gal (?), a.
[Base,n.+ L. fugere to
flee.] (Bot.) Tending or proceeding away
from the base; as, a basifugal growth.
Ba"si*fy (?), v. t.
[Base + -fy.] (Chem.)
To convert into a salifiable base.
\'d8Ba`si*gyn"i*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / base + /
woman.] (Bot.) The pedicel on which the
ovary of certain flowers, as the passion flower, is seated; a
carpophore or thecaphore.
Ba`si*hy"al (?), a.
[Basi- + Gr. / (the letter \'bdupsilon\'b8);
from the shape.] (Anat.) Noting two small
bones, forming the body of the inverted hyoid arch.
Ba`si*hy"oid (?), n.
[Basi- + hyoid.]
(Anat.) The central tongue bone.
Bas"il (?), n. [Cf. F.
basile and E. Bezel.] The slope or
angle to which the cutting edge of a tool, as a plane, is
ground.
Grier.
Bas"il, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Basiled (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Basiling.] To grind or form the edge of
to an angle.
Moxon.
Bas"il, n. [F. basilic, fr.
L. badilicus royal, Gr. /, fr.
/ king.] (Bot.) The name given
to several aromatic herbs of the Mint family, but chiefly to the
common or sweet basil (Ocymum basilicum), and the bush
basil, or lesser basil (O. minimum), the leaves of
which are used in cookery. The name is also given to several
kinds of mountain mint (Pycnanthemum).
Basil thyme, a name given to the fragrant
herbs Calamintha Acinos and C.
Nepeta. -- Wild basil, a plant
(Calamintha clinopodium) of the Mint family.
Bas"il (?), n. [Corrupt. from
E. basan, F. basane, LL.
basanium, bazana, fr. Ar.
bith\'bena, prop., lining.] The skin of a
sheep tanned with bark.
{ Bas"i*lar (?), Bas"i*la*ry
(?), } a. [F.
basilaire, fr. L. basis. See Base,
n.] 1. Relating to, or situated
at, the base.
2. Lower; inferior; applied to impulses or springs
of action. [R.] \'bdBasilar
instincts.\'b8
H. W. Beecher.
Ba*sil"ic (?), n. [F.
basilique.] Basilica.
{ Ba*sil"ic (?), Ba*sil"ic*al
(?), } a. [See
Basilica.] 1. Royal; kingly; also,
basilican.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to certain parts,
anciently supposed to have a specially important function in the
animal economy, as the middle vein of the right arm.
Ba*sil"i*ca (?), n.; pl.
Basilicas (#); sometimes
Basilic/e (#). [L.
basilica, Gr. / ( sc. /, or
/) fr. / royal, fr. /
king.] Originally, the place of a king; but
afterward, an apartment provided in the houses of persons of
importance, where assemblies were held for dispensing justice;
and hence, any large hall used for this purpose.
2. (Arch.) (a) A building used
by the Romans as a place of public meeting, with court rooms,
etc., attached. (b) A church building of the
earlier centuries of Christianity, the plan of which was taken
from the basilica of the Romans. The name is still applied to
some churches by way of honorary distinction.
Ba*sil"i*ca, n. A digest of the laws of
Justinian, translated from the original Latin into Greek, by
order of Basil I., in the ninth century.
P. Cyc.
Ba*sil"i*can (?), a. Of,
relating to, or resembling, a basilica; basilical.
There can be no doubt that the first churches in
Constantinople were in the basilican form.
Milman.
Ba*sil"i*cok (?), n. [OF.
basilicoc.] The basilisk.
[Obs.]
Chaucer
\'d8Ba*sil"i*con (?), n. [L.
basilicon, Gr. /, neut. of
/: cf. F. basilicon. See
Basilica.] (Med.) An ointment
composed of wax, pitch, resin, and olive oil, lard, or other
fatty substance.
Bas"i*lisk (?), n. [L.
basiliscus, Gr. / little king, kind of
serpent, dim. of / king; -- so named from some
prominences on the head resembling a crown.] 1.
A fabulous serpent, or dragon. The ancients alleged that its
hissing would drive away all other serpents, and that its breath,
and even its look, was fatal. See Cockatrice.
Make me not sighted like the basilisk.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A lizard of the genus
Basiliscus, belonging to the family
Iguanid\'91.
3. (Mil.) A large piece of ordnance, so
called from its supposed resemblance to the serpent of that name,
or from its size. [Obs.]
Ba"sin (?), n. [OF.
bacin, F. bassin, LL. bacchinus,
fr. bacca a water vessel, fr. L. bacca
berry, in allusion to the round shape; or perh. fr. Celtic. Cf.
Bac.]
1. A hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for
washing, and for various other uses.
2. The quantity contained in a basin.
3. A hollow vessel, of various forms and materials,
used in the arts or manufactures, as that used by glass grinders
for forming concave glasses, by hatters for molding a hat into
shape, etc.
4. A hollow place containing water, as a pond, a
dock for ships, a little bay.
5. (Physical Geog.) (a) A
circular or oval valley, or depression of the surface of the
ground, the lowest part of which is generally occupied by a lake,
or traversed by a river. (b) The entire tract
of country drained by a river, or sloping towards a sea or
lake.
6. (Geol.) An isolated or circumscribed
formation, particularly where the strata dip inward, on all
sides, toward a center; -- especially applied to the coal
formations, called coal basins or coal
fields.
Ba"sined (?), a. Inclosed in a
basin. \'bdBasined rivers.\'b8
Young.
Bas"i*net (?), n. Same as
Bascinet.
Ba`si*oc*cip"i*tal (?), a.
[Basi- + occipital.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bone in the base
of the cranium, frequently forming a part of the occipital in the
adult, but usually distinct in the young. --
n. The basioccipital bone.
\'d8Ba"si*on (?), n. [Gr.
/ a base.] (Anat.) The middle
of the anterior margin of the great foramen of the skull.
Ba*sip"o*dite (?), n.
[Basi- + /, /,
foot.] (Anat.) The basal joint of the legs
of Crustacea.
\'d8Ba*sip`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a base + / a
fin.] (Anat.) A bar of cartilage at the
base of the embryonic fins of some fishes. It develops into the
metapterygium. -- Ba*sip`ter*yg"i*al
(/), a.
Ba`sip*ter"y*goid (?), a. & n.
[Basi- + pierygoid.]
(Anat.) Applied to a protuberance of the base of
the sphenoid bone.
Ba"sis (?), n.; pl.
Bases (#). [L. basis,
Gr. /. See Base, n.]
1. The foundation of anything; that on which a
thing rests.
Dryden.
2. The pedestal of a column, pillar, or
statue. [Obs.]
If no basis bear my rising name.
Pope.
<-- p. 123 -->
3. The ground work the first or fundamental
principle; that which supports.
The basis of public credit is good faith.
A. Hamilton.
4. The principal component part of a thing.
Ba*sis"o*lute (?), a.
[Basi- + solute, a.]
(Bot.) Prolonged at the base, as certain
leaves.
{ Ba`si*sphe"noid (?),
Ba`si*sphe*noid"al (?), } a.
[Basi- + spheroid.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to that part of the base
of the cranium between the basioccipital and the presphenoid,
which usually ossifies separately in the embryo or in the young,
and becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.
Ba`si*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.)
The basisphenoid bone.
Bask, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Basked (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Basking.] [ OScand. ba/ask
to bathe one's self, or perh. bakask to bake one's
self, sk being reflexive. See Bath,
n., Bake, v. t.] To lie
in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat.
Basks in the glare, and stems the tepid wave.
Goldsmith.
Bask, v. t. To warm by continued
exposure to heat; to warm with genial heat.
Basks at the fire his hairy strength.
Milton.
Bas"ket (?), n. [Of unknown
origin. The modern Celtic words seem to be from the
English.] 1. A vessel made of osiers or other
twigs, cane, rushes, splints, or other flexible material,
interwoven. \'bdRude baskets . . . woven of the
flexile willow.\'b8
Dyer.
2. The contents of a basket; as much as a basket
contains; as, a basket of peaches.
3. (Arch.) The bell or vase of the
Corinthian capital. [Improperly so used.]
Gwilt.
4. The two back seats facing one another on the
outside of a stagecoach. [Eng.]
Goldsmith.
Basket fish (Zo\'94l.), an ophiuran
of the genus Astrophyton, having the arms much
branched. See Astrophyton. -- Basket
hilt, a hilt with a covering wrought like basketwork to
protect the hand. Hudibras. Hence,
Baskethilted, a. --
Basket work, work consisting of plaited osiers or
twigs. -- Basket worm (Zo\'94l.),
a lepidopterous insect of the genus Thyridopteryx
and allied genera, esp. T. ephemer\'91formis. The
larva makes and carries about a bag or basket-like case of silk
and twigs, which it afterwards hangs up to shelter the pupa and
wingless adult females.
Bas"ket, v. t. To put into a
basket. [R.]
Bas"ket*ful (?), n.; pl.
Basketfuls (/). As much as a
basket will contain.
Bas"ket*ry (?), n. The art of
making baskets; also, baskets, taken collectively.
Bask"ing shark` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
One of the largest species of sharks (Cetorhinus
maximus), so called from its habit of basking in the sun;
the liver shark, or bone shark. It inhabits the northern seas of
Europe and America, and grows to a length of more than forty
feet. It is a harmless species.
Bas"net (?), n. Same as
Bascinet.
\'d8Ba*som`ma*toph"o*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / base + / eye +
/ to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A group
of Pulmonifera having the eyes at the base of the tentacles,
including the common pond snails.
Ba"son (?), n. A basin.
[Obs. or Special form]
Basque (?), a. [F.]
Pertaining to Biscay, its people, or their language.
Basque (?), n. [F.]
1. One of a race, of unknown origin, inhabiting a
region on the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France.
2. The language spoken by the Basque people.
3. A part of a lady's dress, resembling a jacket
with a short skirt; -- probably so called because this fashion of
dress came from the Basques.
Basqu"ish (?), a. [F.
Basque Biscayan: cf. G. Baskisch.]
Pertaining to the country, people, or language of Biscay;
Basque [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Bas`-re*lief" (?), n. [F.
bas-relief; bas law + relief
raised work, relever to raise: cf. It.
bassorilievo.] Low relief; sculpture, the
figures of which project less than half of their true
proportions; -- called also bassrelief and
basso-rilievo. See
Alto-rilievo.
Bass (?), n.; pl.
Bass, and sometimes Basses
(#). [A corruption of
barse.] (Zo\'94l.) 1.
An edible, spiny-finned fish, esp. of the genera
Roccus, Labrax, and related genera. There
are many species.
Labrax lupus.
American species are: the striped bass (Roccus
lineatus); white or silver bass of the lakes. (R.
chrysops); brass or yellow bass (R.
interruptus).
2. The two American fresh-water species of black
bass (genus Micropterus). See Black
bass.
3. Species of Serranus, the sea bass and
rock bass. See Sea bass.
4. The southern, red, or channel bass
(Sci\'91na ocellata). See Redfish.
Calico bass, under Calico.
Bass, n. [A corruption of
bast.] 1. (Bot.) The
linden or lime tree, sometimes wrongly called
whitewood; also, its bark, which is used for
making mats. See Bast.
2. (Pron. /) A hassock or thick
mat.
Bass (?), n. [F.
basse, fr. bas low. See Base,
a.]
1. A bass, or deep, sound or tone.
2. (Mus.) (a) The lowest part
in a musical composition. (b) One who sings,
or the instrument which plays, bass. [Written also
base.]
Thorough bass. See Thorough
bass.
Bass, a. Deep or grave in tone.
Bass clef (Mus.), the character
placed at the beginning of the staff containing the bass part of
a musical composition. [See Illust. under
Clef.] -- Bass voice, a deepsounding
voice; a voice fitted for singing bass.
Bass, v. t. To sound in a deep
tone. [R.]
Shak.
{ Bas"sa (?), Bas*saw" }
(?), n. See Bashaw.
Bass` drum" (?). (Mus.) The
largest of the different kinds of drums, having two heads, and
emitting a deep, grave sound. See Bass,
a.
Bas"set (?), n. [F.
bassette, fr.It. bassetta. Cf.
Basso.] A game at cards, resembling the
modern faro, said to have been invented at Venice.
Some dress, some dance, some play, not to forget
Your piquet parties, and your dear basset.
Rowe.
Bas"set (?), a. [Cf. OF.
basset somewhat low, dim. of bas
low.] (Geol.) Inclined upward; as, the
basset edge of strata.
Lyell.
Bas"set, n. (Geol.) The edge
of a geological stratum at the surface of the ground; the
outcrop.
Bas"set, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Basseted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Basseting.] (Geol.) To
inclined upward so as to appear at the surface; to crop out;
as, a vein of coal bassets.
Bas"set horn` (?). [See Basset,
a.] (Mus.) An instrument blown
with a reed, and resembling a clarinet, but of much greater
compass, embracing nearly four octaves.
Bas"set hound` (?). [F.
basset.] (Zo\'94l.) A small kind
of hound with a long body and short legs, used as an earth
dog.
Bas"set*ing, n. The upward direction of
a vein in a mine; the emergence of a stratum at the
surface.
\'d8Bas*set"to (?), n. [It.,
adj., somewhat low; n., counter tenor. See
Basso.] (Mus.) A tenor or small
bass viol.
Bass" horn" (?). (Mus.) A
modification of the bassoon, much deeper in tone.
Bas"si*net (?), n. [Cf. F.
bassinet, dim. of bassin. See
Basin, and cf. Bascinet.] 1.
A wicker basket, with a covering or hood over one end, in
which young children are placed as in a cradle.
2. See Bascinet.
Lord Lytton.
\'d8Bas"so (?), n. [It., fr.
LL. bassus. See Base, a.]
(Mus.) (a) The bass or lowest part;
as, to sing basso. (b) One
who sings the lowest part. (c) The double
bass, or contrabasso.
\'d8Basso continuo (/). [It., bass
continued.] (Mus.) A bass part written out
continuously, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated
by figures attached to the bass; continued bass.
Bas"sock (?), n. A hassock. See
2d Bass, 2.
Bas*soon" (?), n. [F.
basson, fr. basse bass; or perh. fr.
bas son low sound. See Bass a part in music.
] (Mus.) A wind instrument of the double
reed kind, furnished with holes, which are stopped by the
fingers, and by keys, as in flutes. It forms the natural bass to
the oboe, clarinet, etc.
fagot.
Bas*soon"ist, n. A performer on the
bassoon.
Busby.
{ \'d8Bas"so-ri*lie"vo (?),
Bas"so-re*lie"vo } (?), n.
[It. basso-rilievo.] Same as
Bas-relief.
Bas"so*rin (?), n. [Cf. F.
bassorine.] (Chem.) A
constituent part of a species of gum from Bassora, as
also of gum tragacanth and some gum resins. It is one of the
amyloses.
Ure.
Bass"-re*lief` (?), n. Some as
Bas-relief.
Bass" vi`ol (?). (Mus.) A
stringed instrument of the viol family, used for playing bass.
See 3d Bass, n., and
Violoncello.
Bass"wood` (?), n. (Bot.)
The bass (Tilia) or its wood; especially, T.
Americana. See Bass, the lime tree.
All the bowls were made of basswood,
White and polished very smoothly.
Longfellow.
Bast (?), n. [AS.
b\'91st; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan., D., & G.
bast, of unknown origin. Cf. Bass the
tree.] 1. The inner fibrous bark of various
plants; esp. of the lime tree; hence, matting, cordage, etc.,
made therefrom.
2. A thick mat or hassock. See 2d Bass,
2.
\'d8Bas"ta (?), interj.
[It.] Enough; stop.
Shak.
Bas"tard (?), n. [OF.
bastard, bastart, F. b/tard,
prob. fr. OF. bast, F. b/t, a packsaddle
used as a bed by the muleteers (fr. LL. bastum) +
-ard. OF. fils de bast son of the
packsaddle; as the muleteers were accustomed to use their saddles
for beds in the inns. See Cervantes, \'bdDon Quixote,\'b8 chap.
16; and cf.G. bankert, fr. bank
bench.] 1. A \'bdnatural\'b8 child; a child
begotten and born out of wedlock; an illegitimate child; one born
of an illicit union.
bastard becomes a legitimate
child by the intermarriage of the parents at any subsequent time.
But by those of England, and of some states of the United States,
a child, to be legitimate, must at least be born after
the lawful marriage.
Kent. Blackstone.
2. (Sugar Refining) (a) An
inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from the sirups
that / already had several boilings. (b) A
large size of mold, in which sugar is drained.
3. A sweet Spanish wine like muscadel in
flavor.
Brown bastard is your only drink.
Shak.
4. A writing paper of a particular size. See
Paper.
Bas"tard (?), a. 1.
Begotten and born out of lawful matrimony; illegitimate. See
Bastard, n., note.
2. Lacking in genuineness; spurious; false;
adulterate; -- applied to things which resemble those which are
genuine, but are really not so.
That bastard self-love which is so vicious in
itself, and productive of so many vices.
Barrow.
3. Of an unusual make or proportion; as, a
bastard musket; a bastard culverin.
[Obs.]
4. (Print.) Abbreviated, as the half
title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.
Bastard ashlar (Arch.), stones for
ashlar work, roughly squared at the quarry. -- Bastard
file, a file intermediate between the coarsest and the
second cut. -- Bastard type (Print.),
type having the face of a larger or a smaller size than the
body; e.g., a nonpareil face on a brevier body.
-- Bastard wing (Zo\'94l.), three to
five quill feathers on a small joint corresponding to the thumb
in some mam malia; the alula.
Bas"tard, v. t. To bastardize.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Bas"tard*ism (?), n. The state
of being a bastard; bastardy.
Bas"tard*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bastardized (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bastardizing.]
1. To make or prove to be a bastard; to stigmatize
as a bastard; to declare or decide legally to be
illegitimate.
The law is so indulgent as not to bastardize the
child, if born, though not begotten, in lawful wedlock.
Blackstone.
2. To beget out of wedlock. [R.]
Shak.
Bas"tard*ly, a. Bastardlike; baseborn;
spuripous; corrupt. [Obs.] --
adv. In the manner of a bastard;
spuriously. [Obs.]
Shak. Donne.
Bas"tar*dy (?), n. 1.
The state of being a bastard; illegitimacy.
2. The procreation of a bastard child.
Wharton.
Baste (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Basted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Basting.] [Cf. Icel.
beysta to strike, powder; Sw. basa to beat
with a rod: perh. akin to E. beat.]
1. To beat with a stick; to cudgel.
One man was basted by the keeper for carrying some
people
over on his back through the waters.
Pepys.
2. (Cookery) To sprinkle flour and salt
and drip butter or fat on, as on meat in roasting.
3. To mark with tar, as sheep. [Prov.
Eng.]
Baste, v. t. [OE. basten, OF.
bastir, F. b/tir, prob. fr. OHG.
bestan to sew, MHG. besten to bind, fr.
OHG. bast bast. See Bast.] To sew
loosely, or with long stitches; -- usually, that the work may be
held in position until sewed more firmly.
Shak.
{ Bas*tile" Bas*tille" } (?),
n. [F. bastille fortress, OF.
bastir to build, F. b/tir.]
1. (Feud. Fort.) A tower or an elevated
work, used for the defense, or in the siege, of a fortified
place.
The high bastiles . . . which overtopped the
walls.
Holland.
2. \'bdThe Bastille\'b8, formerly a castle or
fortress in Paris, used as a prison, especially for political
offenders; hence, a rhetorical name for a prison.
Bas`ti*nade" (?), n. See
Bastinado, n.
Bas`ti*nade", v. t. To bastinado.
[Archaic]
Bas`ti*na"do (?), n.; pl.
Bastinadoes (#). [Sp.
bastonada (cf. F. bastonnade), fr.
baston (cf. F. b/ton) a stick or staff.
See Baston.]
1. A blow with a stick or cudgel.
2. A sound beating with a stick or cudgel.
Specifically: A form of punishment among the Turks, Chinese, and
others, consisting in beating an offender on the soles of his
feet.
Bas`ti*na"do, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Bastinadoes (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Bastinadoing.] To beat with a stick or
cudgel, especially on the soles of the feet.
Bas"tion (?), n. [F.
bastion (cf. It. bastione), fr. LL.
bastire to build (cf. F. b/tir, It.
bastire), perh. from the idea of support for a weight,
and akin to Gr. / to lift, carry, and to E.
baston, baton.] (Fort.)
A work projecting outward from the main inclosure of a
fortification, consisting of two faces and two flanks, and so
constructed that it is able to defend by a flanking fire the
adjacent curtain, or wall which extends from one bastion to
another. Two adjacent bastions are connected by the
curtain, which joins the flank of one with the
adjacent flank of the other. The distance between the flanks of a
bastion is called the gorge. A lunette is a
detached bastion. See Ravelin.
Bas"tioned (?), a. Furnished
with a bastion; having bastions.
<-- p. 124 -->
Bas"to (?), n. [Sp.]
The ace of clubs in qua/rille and omber.
Pope.
Bas"ton (?), n. [OF.
baston, F. b/ton, LL. basto.
See Bastion, and cf. Baton, and 3d
Batten.]
1. A staff or cudgel. [Obs.]
\'bdTo fight with blunt bastons.\'b8
Holland.
2. (Her.) See Baton.
3. An officer bearing a painted staff, who formerly
was in attendance upon the king's court to take into custody
persons committed by the court.
Mozley & W.
Bas"yle (?), n. [Gr.
/ base + / wood. See
-yl.] (Chem.) A positive or
nonacid constituent of compound, either elementary, or, if
compound, performing the functions of an element.
Bas"y*lous (?), a. Pertaining
to, or having the nature of, a basyle; electro-positive; basic;
-- opposed to chlorous.
Graham.
Bat (?), n. [OE.
batte, botte, AS. batt; perhaps
fr. the Celtic; cf. Ir. bat, bata, stick,
staff; but cf. also F. batte a beater (thing), wooden
sword, battre to beat.]
1. A large stick; a club; specifically, a piece of
wood with one end thicker or broader than the other, used in
playing baseball, cricket, etc.
2. (Mining) Shale or bituminous
shale.
Kirwan.
3. A sheet of cotton used for filling quilts or
comfortables; batting.
4. A part of a brick with one whole end.
Bat bolt (Machinery), a bolt barbed
or jagged at its butt or tang to make it hold the more
firmly.
Knight.
Bat, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Batted (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Batting.] To strike or hit with a bat
or a pole; to cudgel; to beat.
Holland.
Bat, v. i. To use a bat, as in a game of
baseball.
Bat, n. [Corrupt. from OE.
back, backe, balke; cf. Dan.
aften-bakke]/> (aften evening), Sw. natt-backa]/>
(natt night), Icel. le/r-blaka]/> (le/r
leather), Icel. blaka to flutter.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Cheiroptera, an order of
flying mammals, in which the wings are formed by a membrane
stretched between the elongated fingers, legs, and tail. The
common bats are small and insectivorous. See Cheiroptera
and Vampire.
Bat tick (Zo\'94l.), a wingless,
dipterous insect of the genus Nycteribia, parasitic on
bats.
Bat"a*ble (?), a. [Abbrev. from
debatable.] Disputable.
[Obs.]
batable
or debatable ground.
Bat"ailled (?), a.
Embattled. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ba`tar*deau" (?), n.
[F.] 1. A cofferdam.
Brande & C.
2. (Mil.) A wall built across the ditch
of a fortification, with a sluice gate to regulate the height of
water in the ditch on both sides of the wall.
{ \'d8Ba*ta"tas (?), \'d8Ba*ta"ta
(?), } n. An aboriginal American
name for the sweet potato (Ipom\'91a batatas).
Ba*ta"vi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to (a) the Batavi, an ancient Germanic tribe;
or to (b) /atavia or Holland; as, a
Batavian legion.
Batavian Republic, the name given to Holland
by the French after its conquest in 1795.
Ba*ta"vi*an, n. A native or inhabitant
of Batavia or Holland. [R.]
Bancroft.
Batch (?), n. [OE.
bache, bacche, fr. AS. bacan to
bake; cf. G. geb\'84ck and D. baksel. See
Bake, v. t.]
1. The quantity of bread baked at one time.
2. A quantity of anything produced at one
operation; a group or collection of persons or things of the same
kind; as, a batch of letters; the next
batch of business. \'bdA new batch
of Lords.\'b8
Lady M. W. Montagu.
Bate (?), n. [Prob. abbrev.
from debate.] Strife; contention.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Bate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bating.] [From abate.]
1. To lessen by retrenching, deducting, or
reducing; to abate; to beat down; to lower.
He must either bate the laborer's wages, or not
employ or not pay him.
Locke.
2. To allow by way of abatement or deduction.
To whom he bates nothing or what he stood upon with
the parliament.
South.
3. To leave out; to except.
[Obs.]
Bate me the king, and, be he flesh and blood.
He lies that says it.
Beau. & Fl.
4. To remove. [Obs.]
About autumn bate the earth from about the roots of
olives, and lay them bare.
Holland.
5. To deprive of. [Obs.]
When baseness is exalted, do not bate
The place its honor for the person's sake.
Herbert.
Bate, v. i. 1. To remit or
retrench a part; -- with of.
Abate thy speed, and I will bate of mine.
Dryden.
2. To waste away. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bate (?), v. t. To attack; to
bait. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bate, imp. of Bite.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Bate, v. i. [F. battre des
ailes to flutter. Cf. Bait to flutter.]
To flutter as a hawk; to bait. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Bate, n. (Jewish Antiq.) See
2d Bath.
Bate, n. [Cf. Sw. beta
maceration, soaking, G. beize, and E.
bite.] An alkaline solution consisting of
the dung of certain animals; -- employed in the preparation of
hides; grainer.
Knight.
Bate, v. t. To steep in bate, as hides,
in the manufacture of leather.
\'d8Ba*teau" (?), n.; pl.
Bateaux (#). [F.
bateau, LL. batellus, fr.
battus, batus, boa, which agrees
with AS. b\'bet boat: cf. W. bad boat. See
Boat, n.] A boat; esp. a
flat-bottomed, clumsy boat used on the Canadian lakes and
rivers. [Written also, but less properly,
batteau.]
Bateau bridge, a floating bridge supported by
bateaux.
Bat"ed (?), a. Reduced;
lowered; restrained; as, to speak with bated
breath.
Macaulay.
Bate"ful (?), a. Exciting
contention; contentious. [Obs.] \'bdIt did
bateful question frame. \'b8
Sidney.
Bate"less, a. Not to be abated.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Bate"ment (?), n. [For
Abatement. See 2d Bate.] Abatement;
diminution.
Moxon.
Batement light (Arch.), a window or
one division of a window having vertical sides, but with the sill
not horizontal, as where it follows the rake of a
staircase.
Bat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A name given to several species of
fishes: (a) The Malthe vespertilio of the
Atlantic coast. (b) The flying gurnard of the Atlantic
(Cephalacanthus spinarella). (c) The
California batfish or sting ray (Myliobatis
Californicus.)
Bat"fowl`er (?), n. One who
practices or finds sport in batfowling.
Bat"fowl`ing (?), n. [From
Bat a stick.] A mode of catching birds at
night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or
perch where they roost. The birds, flying to the light, are
caught with nets or otherwise.
Bat"ful (?), a. [Icel.
bati amelioration, batna to grow better;
akin to AS. bet better. Goth. ga-batnan to
profit. /255. Cf. Batten, v. i.,
Better.] Rich; fertile.
[Obs.] \'bdBatful valleys.\'b8
Drayton.
Bath (?), n.; pl.
Baths (#). [AS.
b\'91/; akin to OS. & Icel. ba/, Sw.,
Dan., D., & G. bad, and perh. to G.
b\'84hen to foment.] 1. The act of
exposing the body, or part of the body, for purposes of
cleanliness, comfort, health, etc., to water, vapor, hot air, or
the like; as, a cold or a hot bath; a medicated
bath; a steam bath; a hip
bath.
2. Water or other liquid for bathing.
3. A receptacle or place where persons may immerse
or wash their bodies in water.
4. A building containing an apartment or a series
of apartments arranged for bathing.
Among the ancients, the public baths were of
amazing extent and magnificence.
Gwilt.
5. (Chem.) A medium, as heated sand,
ashes, steam, hot air, through which heat is applied to a
body.
6. (Photog.) A solution in which plates
or prints are immersed; also, the receptacle holding the
solution.
Bath is used adjectively or in
combination, in an obvious sense of or for
baths or bathing; as, bathroom,
bath tub, bath keeper.
Douche bath. See Douche. --
Order of the Bath, a high order of British
knighthood, composed of three classes, viz., knights grand cross,
knights commanders, and knights companions, abbreviated thus: G.
C. B., K. C. B., K. B. -- Russian bath, a
kind of vapor bath which consists in a prolonged exposure of the
body to the influence of the steam of water, followed by washings
and shampooings. -- Turkish bath, a kind of
bath in which a profuse perspiration is produced by hot air,
after which the body is washed and shampooed. -- Bath
house, a house used for the purpose of bathing; -- also
a small house, near a bathing place, where a bather undresses and
dresses.
Bath (?), n. [Heb.]
A Hebrew measure containing the tenth of a homer, or five
gallons and three pints, as a measure for liquids; and two pecks
and five quarts, as a dry measure.
Bath (?), n. A city in the west
of England, resorted to for its hot springs, which has given its
name to various objects.
Bath brick, a preparation of calcareous earth,
in the form of a brick, used for cleaning knives, polished metal,
etc. -- Bath chair, a kind of chair on
wheels, as used by invalids at Bath. \'bdPeople walked out,
or drove out, or were pushed out in their Bath
chairs.\'b8 Dickens. -- Bath metal,
an alloy consisting of four and a half ounces of zinc and one
pound of copper. -- Bath note, a folded
writing paper, 8 1/2 by 14 inches. -- Bath stone,
a species of limestone (o\'94lite) found near Bath, used for
building.
Bathe (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bathed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bathing.]
[OE. ba/ien, AS. ba/ian, fr.
b\'91/ bath. See 1st Bath, and cf.
Bay to bathe.] 1. To wash by
immersion, as in a bath; to subject to a bath.
Chancing to bathe himself in the River Cydnus.
South.
2. To lave; to wet. \'bdThe lake which
bathed the foot of the Alban mountain.\'b8
T. Arnold.
3. To moisten or suffuse with a liquid.
And let us bathe our hands in C\'91sar's blood.
Shak.
4. To apply water or some liquid medicament to;
as, to bathe the eye with warm water or with sea
water; to bathe one's forehead with camphor.
5. To surround, or envelop, as water surrounds a
person immersed. \'bdThe rosy shadows bathe me.
\'b8 Tennyson. \'bdThe bright sunshine
bathing all the world.\'b8 Longfellow.
Bathe (?), v. i. 1. To
bathe one's self; to take a bath or baths. \'bdThey
bathe in summer.\'b8
Waller.
2. To immerse or cover one's self, as in a
bath. \'bdTo bathe in fiery floods.\'b8
Shak. \'bdBathe in the dimples of her
cheek.\'b8 Lloyd.
3. To bask in the sun. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bathe, n. The immersion of the body in
water; as to take one's usual bathe.
Edin. Rev.
Bath"er (?), n. One who
bathes.
Ba*thet"ic (?), a. Having the
character of bathos. [R.]
Bath"ing (?), n. Act of taking
a bath or baths.
Bathing machine, a small room on wheels, to be
driven into the water, for the convenience of bathers, who
undress and dress therein.
Bath"mism (?), n. See Vital
force.
Ba*thom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ depth + -meter.] An
instrument for measuring depths, esp. one for taking soundings
without a sounding line.
Bat"horse` (?), n. [F.
b/t packsaddle (cheval de b/t
packhorse) + E. horse. See Bastard.]
A horse which carries an officer's baggage during a
campaign.
Ba"thos (?), n. [Gr.
/ depth, fr. / deep.]
(Rhet.) A ludicrous descent from the elevated to
the low, in writing or speech; anticlimax.
\'d8Ba*thyb"i*us (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / deep + / life]
(Zo\'94l.) A name given by Prof. Huxley to a
gelatinous substance found in mud dredged from the Atlantic and
preserved in alcohol. He supposed that it was free living
protoplasm, covering a large part of the ocean bed. It is now
known that the substance is of chemical, not of organic,
origin.
{ Bath`y*met"ric (?),
Bath`y*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to bathymetry; relating to the measurement of
depths, especially of depths in the sea.
Ba*thym"e*try (?), n. [Gr.
/ depth + -metry.] The art or
science of sounding, or measuring depths in the sea.
Bat"ing (?), prep. [Strictly p.
pr. of Bat/ to abate.] With the exception
of; excepting.
We have little reason to think that they bring many ideas with
them, bating some faint ideas of hunger and
thirst.
Locke.
Ba*tiste" (?), n. [F.
batiste, from the name of the alleged first maker,
Baptiste of Cambrai. Littr\'82.]
Originally, cambric or lawn of fine linen; now applied also
to cloth of similar texture made of cotton.
Bat"let (?), n. [Bat
stick + -let.] A short bat for beating
clothes in washing them; -- called also
batler, batling staff,
batting staff.
Shak.
\'d8Bat"man (?), n. [Turk.
batman.] A weight used in the East, varying
according to the locality; in Turkey, the greater batman is about
157 pounds, the lesser only a fourth of this; at Aleppo and
Smyrna, the batman is 17 pounds.
Simmonds.
Bat"man (?), n.; pl.
Batmen (#). [F. b/t
packsaddle + E. man. Cf. Bathorse.]
A man who has charge of a bathorse and his load.
Macaulay.
\'d8Ba*toi"de*i (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / a kind of ray +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) The division
of fishes which includes the rays and skates.
Bat"on (?), n. [F.
b/ton. See Baston.] 1.
A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; as, the
baton of a field marshal; the baton of a
conductor in musical performances.
He held the baton of command.
Prescott.
2. (Her.) An ordinary with its ends cut
off, borne sinister as a mark of bastardy, and containing one
fourth in breadth of the bend sinister; -- called also
bastard bar. See Bend sinister.
Ba*toon" (?), n. See
Baton, and Baston.
Bat" print`ing (?). (Ceramics)
A mode of printing on glazed ware.
\'d8Ba*tra"chi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / belonging to a frog, fr.
/ frog.] (Zo\'94l.) The order
of amphibians which includes the frogs and toads; the Anura.
Sometimes the word is used in a wider sense as equivalent to
Amphibia.
Ba*tra"chi*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Batrachia. --
n. One of the Batrachia.
Bat"ra*choid (?), a.
[Batrachia + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Froglike. Specifically: Of or
pertaining to the Batrachid\'91, a family of marine
fishes, including the toadfish. Some have poisonous dorsal
spines.
Bat`ra*cho*my*om"a*chy (?), n.
[Gr. /; / frog + /
mouse + / battle.] The battle between the
frogs and mice; -- a Greek parody on the Iliad, of uncertain
authorship.
Bat`ra*choph"a*gous (?), a.
[Gr. / frog + / to eat.]
Feeding on frogs.
Quart. Rev.
Bats"man (?), n.; pl.
Batsmen (/). The one who wields
the bat in cricket, baseball, etc.
<-- in baseball, usu. called the batter. -->
{Bat's"-wing" (?) or Bat"wing
}, a. Shaped like a bat's wing; as, a
bat's-wing burner.
\'d8Bat"ta (?), n. [Prob.
through Pg. for Canarese bhatta rice in the
husk.] Extra pay; esp. an extra allowance to an
English officer serving in India.
Whitworth.
<-- p. 125 -->
\'d8Bat"ta (?), n. [Hind.
ba//a.] Rate of exchange; also, the
discount on uncurrent coins. [India]
Bat"ta*ble (?), a. [See
Batful.] Capable of culti/ation; fertile;
productive; fattening. [Obs.]
Burton.
Bat"tail*ant (?), a. [F.
bataillant, p. pr. See Battle,
v. i. ] [Obs.] Prepared for
battle; combatant; warlike. Spenser. --
n. A combatant.
Shelton.
Bat"tail*ous (?), a. [OF.
bataillos, fr. bataille. See
Battle, n.] Arrayed for battle;
fit or eager for battle; warlike. [Obs.]
\'bdIn battailous aspect.\'b8
Milton.
Bat*tal"ia (?), n. [LL.
battalia battle, a body of troops. See
Battle, n.] 1. Order of
battle; disposition or arrangement of troops (brigades,
regiments, battalions, etc.), or of a naval force, for
action.
A drawing up the armies in battalia.
Jer. Taylor.
2. An army in battle array; also, the main battalia
or body. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bat*tal"ion (?), n. [F.
bataillon, fr. It. battaglione. See
Battalia.] 1. A body of troops; esp.
a body of troops or an army in battle array. \'bdThe whole
battalion views.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Mil.) A regiment, or two or more
companies of a regiment, esp. when assembled for drill or
battle.
Bat*tal"ion (?), v. t. To form
into battalions. [R.]
Bat"tel (?), n. [Obs. form. of
Battle.] (Old Eng. Law) A single
combat; as, trial by battel. See Wager of
battel, under Wager.
Bat"tel, n. [Of uncertain
etymology.] Provisions ordered from the buttery; also,
the charges for them; -- only in the pl., except
when used adjectively. [Univ. of Oxford, Eng.]
Bat"tel, v. i. To be supplied with
provisions from the buttery. [Univ. of Oxford,
Eng.]
Bat"tel, v. t. [Cf. Batful,
Batten, v. i.] To make
fertile. [Obs.] \'bdTo battel
barren land.\'b8
Ray.
Bat"tel, a. Fertile; fruitful;
productive. [Obs.]
A battel soil for grain, for pasture good.
Fairfax.
{ Bat"tel*er (?), Bat"tler
} (?), n. [See 2d Battel,
n.] A student at Oxford who is supplied
with provisions from the buttery; formerly, one who paid for
nothing but what he called for, answering nearly to a sizar at
Cambridge.
Wright.
Bat"ten (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Battened (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Battening.]
[See Batful.] 1. To make fat by
plenteous feeding; to fatten. \'bdBattening our
flocks.\'b8
Milton.
2. To fertilize or enrich, as land.
Bat"ten, v. i. To grow fat; to grow fat
in ease and luxury; to glut one's self.
Dryden.
The pampered monarch lay battening in ease.
Garth.
Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who batten on
the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions.
Emerson.
Bat"ten, n . [F. b/ton
stick, staff. See Baton.] A strip of sawed
stuff, or a scantling; as, (a) pl.
(Com. & Arch.) Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches
and not less than 6 feet long. Brande & C. (b)
(Naut.) A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of
a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing.
(c) A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to
cover a crack, etc.
Batten door (Arch.), a door made of
boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed
crosswise.
Bat"ten, v. t. To furnish or fasten with
battens.
To batten down, to fasten down with battens,
as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a
storm.
Bat"ten, n. [F. battant. See
Batter, v. t.] The movable bar of
a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof.
Bat"ten*ing (?), n.
(Arch.) Furring done with small pieces nailed
directly upon the wall.
Bat"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Battered
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Battering.] [OE. bateren,
OF. batre, F. battre, fr. LL.
battere, for L. batuere to strike, beat; of
unknown origin. Cf. Abate, Bate to
abate.]
1. To beat with successive blows; to beat
repeatedly and with violence, so as to bruise, shatter, or
demolish; as, to batter a wall or
rampart.
2. To wear or impair as if by beating or by hard
usage. \'bdEach battered jade.\'b8
Pope.
3. (Metallurgy) To flatten (metal) by
hammering, so as to compress it inwardly and spread it
outwardly.
Bat"ter, n. [OE. batere,
batire; cf. OF. bateure, bature,
a beating. See Batter, v. t.]
1. A semi-liquid mixture of several ingredients,
as, flour, eggs, milk, etc. , beaten together and used
in cookery.
King.
2. Paste of clay or loam.
Holland.
3. (Printing) A bruise on the face of a
plate or of type in the form.
Bat"ter, n. A backward slope in the face
of a wall or of a bank; receding slope.
Batter rule, an instrument consisting of a
rule or frame, and a plumb line, by which the batter or slope of
a wall is regulated in building.
Bat"ter, v. i. (Arch.) To
slope gently backward.
Bat"ter, n. One who wields a bat; a
batsman.
Bat"ter*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, batters.
Bat"ter*ing-ram` (?), n. 1.
(Mil.) An engine used in ancient times to beat down
the walls of besieged places.
Grose.
2. A blacksmith's hammer, suspended, and worked
horizontally.
Bat"ter*ing train` (?). (Mil.)
A train of artillery for siege operations.
Bat"ter*y (?), n.; pl.
Batteries (#). [F.
batterie, fr. battre. See Batter,
v. t.] 1. The act of battering or
beating.
2. (Law) The unlawful beating of
another. It includes every willful, angry and violent, or
negligent touching of another's person or clothes, or anything
attached to his person or held by him.
3. (Mil.) (a) Any place where
cannon or mortars are mounted, for attack or defense.
(b) Two or more pieces of artillery in the
field. (c) A company or division of
artillery, including the gunners, guns, horses, and all
equipments. In the United States, a battery of flying artillery
consists usually of six guns.
Barbette battery. See Barbette.
-- Battery d'enfilade, or Enfilading
battery, one that sweeps the whole length of a
line of troops or part of a work. -- Battery en
\'82charpe, one that plays obliquely. --
Battery gun, a gun capable of firing a number, of
shots simultaneously or successively without stopping to
load. -- Battery wagon, a wagon employed to
transport the tools and materials for repair of the carriages,
etc., of the battery. -- In battery,
projecting, as a gun, into an embrasure or over a parapet in
readiness for firing. -- Masked battery, a
battery artificially concealed until required to open upon the
enemy. -- Out of battery, or From
battery, withdrawn, as a gun, to a position for
loading.
4. (Elec.) (a) A number of
coated jars (Leyden jars) so connected that they may be charged
and discharged simultaneously. (b) An
apparatus for generating voltaic electricity.
trough battery, copper and zinc
plates, connected in pairs, divide the trough into cells, which
are filled with an acid or oxidizing liquid; the effect is
exhibited when wires connected with the two end-plates are
brought together. In Daniell's battery, the metals are
zinc and copper, the former in dilute sulphuric acid, or a
solution of sulphate of zinc, the latter in a saturated solution
of sulphate of copper. A modification of this is the common
gravity battery, so called from the automatic action
of the two fluids, which are separated by their specific
gravities. In Grove's battery, platinum is the metal
used with zinc; two fluids are used, one of them in a porous cell
surrounded by the other. In Bunsen's or the
carbon battery, the carbon of gas coke is substituted
for the platinum of Grove's. In Leclanch\'82's
battery, the elements are zinc in a solution of ammonium
chloride, and gas carbon surrounded with manganese dioxide in a
porous cell. A secondary battery is a battery which
usually has the two plates of the same kind, generally of lead,
in dilute sulphuric acid, and which, when traversed by an
electric current, becomes charged, and is then capable of giving
a current of itself for a time, owing to chemical changes
produced by the charging current. A storage battery is
a kind of secondary battery used for accumulating and storing the
energy of electrical charges or currents, usually by means of
chemical work done by them; an accumulator.
5. A number of similar machines or devices in
position; an apparatus consisting of a set of similar parts;
as, a battery of boilers, of retorts, condensers,
etc.
6. (Metallurgy) A series of stamps
operated by one motive power, for crushing ores containing the
precious metals.
Knight.
7. The box in which the stamps for crushing ore
play up and down.
8. (Baseball) The pitcher and catcher
together.
Bat"ting (?), n. 1.
The act of one who bats; the management of a bat in playing
games of ball.
Mason.
2. Cotton in sheets, prepared for use in making
quilts, etc.; as, cotton batting.
Bat"tle (?), a. Fertile. See
Battel, a. [Obs.]
Bat"tle, n. [OE. bataille,
bataile, F. bataille battle, OF., battle,
battalion, fr. L. battalia, battualia, the
fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators, fr.
batuere to strike, beat. Cf. Battalia, 1st
Battel, and see Batter, v. t.
] 1. A general action, fight, or encounter,
in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; an
engagement; a combat.
2. A struggle; a contest; as, the
battle of life.
The whole intellectual battle that had at its
center the best poem of the best poet of that day.
H. Morley.
3. A division of an army; a battalion.
[Obs.]
The king divided his army into three battles.
Bacon.
The cavalry, by way of distinction, was called the
battle, and on it alone depended the fate of every
action.
Robertson.
4. The main body, as distinct from the van and
rear; battalia. [Obs.]
Hayward.
Battle is used adjectively or as the
first part of a self-explaining compound; as, battle
brand, a \'bdbrand\'b8 or sword used in battle; battle
cry; battlefield; battle ground;
battlearray; battle song.
Battle piece, a painting, or a musical
composition, representing a battle. -- Battle
royal. (a) A fight between several gamecocks,
where the one that stands longest is the victor. Grose.
(b) A contest with fists or cudgels in which more than
two are engaged; a m\'88l\'82e. Thackeray. --
Drawn battle, one in which neither party gains the
victory. -- To give battle, to attack an
enemy. -- To join battle, to meet the attack;
to engage in battle. -- Pitched battle, one
in which the armies are previously drawn up in form, with a
regular disposition of the forces. -- Wager of
battle. See under Wager,
n.
Syn. -- Conflict; encounter; contest; action.
Battle, Combat, Fight,
Engagement. These words agree in denoting a close
encounter between contending parties. Fight is a word
of less dignity than the others. Except in poetry, it is more
naturally applied to the encounter of a few individuals, and more
commonly an accidental one; as, a street fight. A
combat is a close encounter, whether between few or
many, and is usually premeditated. A battle is
commonly more general and prolonged. An engagement
supposes large numbers on each side, engaged or
intermingled in the conflict.
Bat"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Battled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Battling.]
[F. batailler, fr. bataille. See
Battle, n.] To join in battle; to
contend in fight; as, to battle over theories.
To meet in arms, and battle in the plain.
Prior.
Bat"tle, v. t. To assail in battle; to
fight.
{ Bat"tle-ax` Bat"tle-axe` }
(?), n. (Mil.) A kind of
broadax formerly used as an offensive weapon.
Bat"tled (?), p. p.
Embattled. [Poetic]
Tennyson.
Bat"tle*door` (?), n. [OE.
batyldour. A corrupted form of uncertain origin; cf.
Sp. batallador a great combatant, he who has fought
many battles, Pg. batalhador, Pr.
batalhador, warrior, soldier, fr. L.
battalia; or cf. Pr. batedor batlet, fr.
batre to beat, fr. L. batuere. See
Battle, n.] 1. An
instrument, with a handle and a flat part covered with parchment
or crossed with catgut, used to strike a shuttlecock in play;
also, the play of battledoor and shuttlecock.
2. [OE. battleder.] A child's
hornbook. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Bat"tle*ment (?), n. [OE.
batelment; cf. OF. bataillement combat, fr.
batailler, also OF. bastillier, bateillier, to
fortify. Cf. Battle, n., Bastile,
Bastion.] (Arch.) (a) One
of the solid upright parts of a parapet in ancient
fortifications. (b) pl. The whole parapet,
consisting of alternate solids and open spaces. At first purely a
military feature, afterwards copied on a smaller scale with
decorative features, as for churches.
Bat"tle*ment*ed (?), a. Having
battlements.
A battlemented portal.
Sir W. Scott.
Bat*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who
battologizes.
Bat*tol"o*gize (?), v. t. To
keep repeating needlessly; to iterate.
Sir T. Herbert.
Bat*tol"o*gy (?), n. [F.
battologie, fr. Gr. /; / a
stammerer + / speech.] A needless
repetition of words in speaking or writing.
Milton.
Bat"ton (?), n. See
Batten, and Baton.
\'d8Bat"tue` (?), n. [F.
battue, fr. battre to beat. See
Batter, v. t., and cf.
Battuta.] (Hunting) (a)
The act of beating the woods, bushes, etc., for game.
(b) The game itself. (c) The
wanton slaughter of game.
Howitt.
\'d8Bat`ture" (?), n. [F., fr.
battre to beat. ] An elevated river bed or
sea bed.
\'d8Bat*tu"ta (?), n. [It.
battuta, fr. battere to beat.]
(Mus.) The measuring of time by beating.
Bat"ty (?), a. Belonging to, or
resembling, a bat. \'bdBatty wings.\'b8
Shak.
Bat"ule (?), n. A springboard
in a circus or gymnasium; -- called also batule
board.
\'d8Batz (?), n.; pl.
Batzen (#). [Ger. batz,
batze, batzen, a coin bearing the image of
a bear, Ger. b\'84tz, betz, bear.]
A small copper coin, with a mixture of silver, formerly
current in some parts of Germany and Switzerland. It was worth
about four cents.
Bau*bee" (?), n. Same as
Bawbee.
Bau"ble (?), n. [Cf. OF.
baubel a child's plaything, F. babiole, It.
babbola, LL. baubellum gem, jewel, L.
babulus,a baburrus, foolish.]
1. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which
is gay and showy without real value; a cheap, showy
plaything.
The ineffective bauble of an Indian pagod.
Sheridan.
2. The fool's club. [Obs.]
\'bdA fool's bauble was a short stick with a head
ornamented with an ass's ears fantastically carved upon it.\'b8
Nares.
Bau"bling (?), a. See
Bawbling. [Obs.]
Bau"de*kin (?), n. [OE.
bawdekin rich silk stuff, OF. baudequin.
See Baldachin.] The richest kind of stuff
used in garments in the Middle Ages, the web being gold, and the
woof silk, with embroidery : -- made originally at Bagdad.
[Spelt also baudkin, baudkyn,
bawdekin, and baldakin.]
Nares.
Bau"drick (?), n. A belt. See
Baldric.
{ Bauk, Baulk } (?),
n. & v. See Balk.
Baun"scheidt*ism (?), n. [From
the introducer, a German named Baunscheidt.]
(Med.) A form of acupuncture, followed by the
rubbing of the part with a stimulating fluid.
{ Baux"ite, Beaux"ite }
(?),n. [F., fr. Baux or
Beaux, near Arles.] (Min.) A
ferruginous hydrate of alumina. It is largely used in the
preparation of aluminium and alumina, and for the lining of
furnaces which are exposed to intense heat.
Ba*va"ri*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bavaria. -- n. A
native or an inhabitant of Bavaria.
Bavarian cream. See under
Cream.
Bav"a*roy (?), n. [F.
Bavarois Bavarian.] A kind of cloak or
surtout. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Let the looped bavaroy the fop embrace.
Gay.
<-- p. 126 -->
Ba"vi*an (?), n. [See
Baboon.] A baboon.
Bav"in (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir.
baban tuft, tassel.] 1. A fagot of
brushwood, or other light combustible matter, for kindling fires;
refuse of brushwood. [Obs. or Dial.
Eng.]
2. Impure limestone. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Baw*bee" (?), n. [Perh.
corrupt. fr. halfpenny.] A halfpenny.
[Spelt also baubee.] [Scot. &
Prov. Eng.]
Baw"ble (?), n. A trinket. See
Bauble.
Baw"bling, a. Insignificant;
contemptible. [Obs.]
Baw"cock (?), n. [From F.
beau fine + E. cock (the bird); or more
prob. fr. OF. baud bold, gay + E. cock. Cf.
Bawd.] A fine fellow; -- a term of
endearment. [Obs.] \'bdHow now, my
bawcock ?\'b8
Shak.
Bawd (?), n. [OE.
baude, OF. balt, baut,
baude, bold, merry, perh. fr. OHG. bald
bold; or fr. Celtic, cf. W. baw dirt. Cf.
Bold, Bawdry.] A person who keeps a
house of prostitution, or procures women for a lewd purpose; a
procurer or procuress; a lewd person; -- usually applied to a
woman.
Bawd, v. i. To procure women for lewd
purposes.
Bawd"i*ly (?), adv. Obscenely;
lewdly.
Bawd"i*ness, n. Obscenity;
lewdness.
Bawd"rick (?), n. A belt. See
Baldric.
Bawd"ry (?), n. [OE.
baudery, OF. bauderie, balderie,
boldness, joy. See Bawd.] 1. The
practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust.
2. Illicit intercourse; fornication.
Shak.
3. Obscenity; filthy, unchaste language.
\'bdThe pert style of the pit bawdry.\'b8
Steele.
Bawd"y, a. 1. Dirty; foul; --
said of clothes. [Obs.]
It [a garment] is al bawdy and to-tore also.
Chaucer.
2. Obscene; filthy; unchaste. \'bdA
bawdy story.\'b8
Burke.
Baw"dy*house` (?), n. A house
of prostitution; a house of ill fame; a brothel.
Baw"horse` (?), n. Same as
Bathorse.
Bawl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bawled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bawling.]
[Icel. baula to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to
Sw. b\'94la; cf. AS bellan, G.
bellen to bark, E. bellow,
bull.] 1. To cry out with a loud,
full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation;
to shout; to vociferate.
2. To cry loudly, as a child from pain or
vexation.
Bawl, v. t. To proclaim with a loud
voice, or by outcry, as a hawker or town-crier does.
Swift.
Bawl, n. A loud, prolonged cry; an
outcry.
Bawl"er (?), n. One who
bawls.
Bawn (?), n. [Ir. & Gael.
babhun inclosure, bulwark.] 1. An
inclosure with mud or stone walls, for keeping cattle; a
fortified inclosure. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A large house. [Obs.]
Swift.
Baw"rel (?), n. [Cf. It.
barletta a tree falcon, or hobby.] A kind
of hawk. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
{ Baw"sin (?), Baw"son
(?), } n. [OE. bawson,
baucyne, badger (named from its color), OF.
bauzan, baucant, bauchant,
spotted with white, pied; cf. It. balzano, F.
balzan, a white-footed horse, It. balza
border, trimming, fr. L. balteus belt, border, edge.
Cf. Belt.] 1. A badger.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. A large, unwieldy person.
[Obs.]
Nares.
Bax"ter (?), n. [OE.
bakestre, bakistre, AS.
b\'91cestre, prop. fem. of b\'91cere baker.
See Baker.] A baker; originally, a female
baker. [Old Eng. & Scotch]
Bay (?), a. [F. bai,
fr. L. badius brown, chestnutcolored; -- used only of
horses.] Reddish brown; of the color of a chestnut; --
applied to the color of horses.
Bay cat (Zo\'94l.), a wild cat of
Africa and the East Indies (Felis aurata). --
Bay lynx (Zo\'94l.), the common
American lynx (Felis, or Lynx, rufa).
Bay, n. [F. baie, fr. LL.
baia. Of uncertain origin: cf. Ir. & Gael.
badh or bagh bay harbor, creek; Bisc.
baia, baiya, harbor, and F.
bayer to gape, open the mouth.] 1.
(Geol.) An inlet of the sea, usually smaller than
a gulf, but of the same general character.
Bay. The name is not
restricted to tracts of water with a narrow entrance, but is used
foe any recess or inlet between capes or headlands; as, the
Bay of Biscay.
2. A small body of water set off from the main
body; as a compartment containing water for a wheel; the portion
of a canal just outside of the gates of a lock, etc.
3. A recess or indentation shaped like a bay.
4. A principal compartment of the walls, roof, or
other part of a building, or of the whole building, as marked off
by the buttresses, vaulting, mullions of a window, etc.; one of
the main divisions of any structure, as the part of a bridge
between two piers.
5. A compartment in a barn, for depositing hay, or
grain in the stalks.
6. A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeachy
Bay.
Sick bay, in vessels of war, that part of a
deck appropriated to the use of the sick.
Totten.
Bay, n. [F. baie a berry, the
fruit of the laurel and other trees, fr. L. baca,
bacca, a small round fruit, a berry, akin to Lith.
bapka laurel berry.] 1. A berry,
particularly of the laurel. [Obs.]
2. The laurel tree (Laurus nobilis).
Hence, in the plural, an honorary garland or crown bestowed as a
prize for victory or excellence, anciently made or consisting of
branches of the laurel.
The patriot's honors and the poet's bays.
Trumbull.
3. A tract covered with bay trees.
[Local, U. S.]
Bay leaf, the leaf of the bay tree
(Laurus nobilis). It has a fragrant odor and an
aromatic taste.
Bay, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bayed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Baying.] [ OE. bayen,
abayen, OF. abaier, F. aboyer,
to bark; of uncertain origin.] To bark, as a dog with
a deep voice does, at his game.
The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely bayed.
Dryden.
Bay (?), v. t. To bark at;
hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay; as,
to bay the bear.
Shak.
Bay (?), n. [See Bay,
v. i.] 1. Deep-toned, prolonged
barking. \'bdThe bay of curs.\'b8
Cowper.
2. [OE. bay, abay, OF.
abai, F. aboi barking, pl.
abois, prop. the extremity to which the stag is
reduced when surrounded by the dogs, barking
(aboyant); aux abois at bay.] A
state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty,
when escape has become impossible.
Embolden'd by despair, he stood at bay.
Dryden.
The most terrible evils are just kept at bay by
incessant efforts.
I. Taylor
Bay, v. t. [Cf. OE. b\'91wen
to bathe, and G. b\'84hen to foment.] To
bathe. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bay, n. A bank or dam to keep back
water.
Bay, v. t. To dam, as water; -- with
up or back.
\'d8Ba"ya (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The East Indian weaver
bird (Ploceus Philippinus).
{ \'d8Ba*yad" (?), Ba*yatte"
} (?), n. [Ar.
bayad.] (Zo\'94l.) A large,
edible, siluroid fish of the Nile, of two species (Bagrina
bayad and B. docmac).
Ba`ya*dere" (?), n. [F., from
Pg. bailadeira a female dancer, bailar to
dance.] A female dancer in the East Indies.
[Written also bajadere.]
Bay"-ant`ler (?), n. [See
Bez-Antler.] (Zo\'94l.) The second
tine of a stag's horn. See under Antler.
Bay"ard (?), n. 1.
[OF. bayard, baiart, bay horse;
bai bay + -ard. See Bay,
a., and -ard.] Properly, a bay
horse, but often any horse. Commonly in the phrase blind
bayard, an old blind horse.
Blind bayard moves the mill.
Philips.
2. [Cf. F. bayeur, fr. bayer
to gape.] A stupid, clownish fellow.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bay"ard*ly, a. Blind; stupid.
[Obs.] \'bdA formal and bayardly round
of duties.\'b8
Goodman.
Bay"ber*ry (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) The fruit of the bay tree or Laurus
nobilis. (b) A tree of the West Indies
related to the myrtle (Pimenta acris).
(c) The fruit of Myrica cerifera (wax
myrtle); the shrub itself; -- called also candleberry
tree.
Bayberry tallow, a fragrant green wax obtained
from the bayberry or wax myrtle; -- called also myrtle
wax.
Bay"bolt` (?), n. A bolt with a
barbed shank.
Bayed (?), a. Having a bay or
bays. \'bdThe large bayed barn.\'b8
Drayton.
Bay" ice` (?). See under
Ice.
Bay" leaf` (?). See under 3d
Bay.
Bay"o*net (?), n. [F.
bayonnette, ba\'8bonnette; -- so called, it
is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.]
1. (Mil.) A pointed instrument of the
dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to
give the soldier increased means of offense and defense.
2. (Mach.) A pin which plays in and out
of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or
disengage parts of the machinery.
Bayonet clutch. See Clutch. --
Bayonet joint, a form of coupling similar to that
by which a bayonet is fixed on the barrel of a musket.
Knight.
Bay"o*net, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bayoneted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bayoneting.] 1. To stab with a
bayonet.
2. To compel or drive by the bayonet.
To bayonet us into submission.
Burke.
Bay"ou (?), n.; pl.
Bayous (/). [North Am. Indian
bayuk, in F. spelling bayouc,
bayouque.] An inlet from the Gulf of
Mexico, from a lake, or from a large river, sometimes sluggish,
sometimes without perceptible movement except from tide and
wind. [Southern U. S.]
A dark slender thread of a bayou moves loiteringly
northeastward into a swamp of huge cypresses.
G. W. Cable.
Bay" rum" (?). A fragrant liquid, used for
cosmetic and medicinal purposes.
Myrcia acris). The bay rum of the
Pharmacop\'d2ia (spirit of myrcia) is prepared from oil of myrcia
(bayberry), oil of orange peel, oil of pimento, alcohol, and
water.
{ Bays, Bayze } (?),
n. See Baize. [Obs.]
Bay" salt` (?). Salt which has been
obtained from sea water, by evaporation in shallow pits or
basins, by the heat of the sun; the large crystalline salt of
commerce.
Bacon. Ure.
Bay" tree`. A species of laurel. (Laurus
nobilis).
Bay" win"dow (?). (Arch.) A
window forming a bay or recess in a room, and projecting outward
from the wall, either in a rectangular, polygonal, or
semicircular form; -- often corruptly called a bow
window.
Bay" yarn` (?). Woolen yarn.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
{ Ba*zaar" Ba*zar" } (?),
n. [Per. b\'bezar market.]
1. In the East, an exchange, marketplace, or
assemblage of shops where goods are exposed for sale.
2. A spacious hall or suite of rooms for the sale
of goods, as at a fair.
3. A fair for the sale of fancy wares, toys, etc.,
commonly for a charitable objects.
Macaulay.
Bdel"lium (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
/; cf. Heb. b'dolakh bdellium (in sense
1).] 1. An unidentified substance mentioned
in the Bible (Gen. ii. 12, and Num. xi. 7),
variously taken to be a gum, a precious stone, or pearls, or
perhaps a kind of amber found in Arabia.
2. A gum resin of reddish brown color, brought from
India, Persia, and Africa.
Indian bdellium or false myrrh
is an exudation from Balsamodendron Roxb/rghii.
Other kinds are known as African, Sicilian,
etc.
\'d8Bdel*loi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / leech + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) The order of Annulata which includes
the leeches. See Hirudinea.
Bdel*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ leech + -meter.]
(Med.) A cupping glass to which are attached a
scarificator and an exhausting syringe.
Dunglison.
\'d8Bdel`lo*mor"pha (?),n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / leech + /
form.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Nemertina,
including the large leechlike worms (Malacobdella)
often parasitic in clams.
Be (?), v. i.
[imp. Was (?); p.
p. Been (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Being.] [OE. been,
beon, AS. be\'a2n to be, be\'a2m
I am; akin to OHG. bim, pim, G.
bin, I am, Gael. & Ir. bu was, W.
bod to be, Lith. bu-ti, O. Slav.
by-ti, to be, L. fu-i I have been,
fu-turus about to be, fo-re to be about to
be, and perh to fieri to become, Gr. / to
be born, to be, Skr. bh/ to be. This verb is
defective, and the parts lacking are supplied by verbs from other
roots, is, was, which have no radical
connection with be. The various forms, am,
are, is, was, were,
etc., are considered grammatically as parts of the verb \'bdto
be\'b8, which, with its conjugational forms, is often called the
substantive verb. /97. Cf. Future,
Physic.] 1. To exist actually, or in
the world of fact; to have ex/stence.
To be contents his natural desire.
Pope.
To be, or not to be: that is the
question.
Shak.
2. To exist in a certain manner or relation, --
whether as a reality or as a product of thought; to exist as the
subject of a certain predicate, that is, as having a certain
attribute, or as belonging to a certain sort, or as identical
with what is specified, -- a word or words for the predicate
being annexed; as, to be happy; to be here;
to be large, or strong; to be an animal; to
be a hero; to be a nonentity; three and two
are five; annihilation is the cessation of
existence; that is the man.
3. To take place; to happen; as, the meeting
was on Thursday.
4. To signify; to represent or symbolize; to answer
to.
The field is the world.
Matt. xiii. 38.
The seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the
seven churches.
Rev. i. 20.
to be (including the forms
is, was, etc.) is used in forming the
passive voice of other verbs; as, John has been struck by James.
It is also used with the past participle of many intransitive
verbs to express a state of the subject. But have is
now more commonly used as the auxiliary, though expressing a
different sense; as, \'bdYe have come too late -- but ye are
come. \'b8 \'bdThe minstrel boy to the war is
gone.\'b8 The present and imperfect tenses form, with the
infinitive, a particular future tense, which expresses necessity,
duty, or purpose; as, government is to be supported;
we are to pay our just debts; the deed is to be signed
to-morrow.
Have or had been, followed by
to, implies movement. \'bdI have been to
Paris.\'b8 Sydney Smith. \'bdHave you
been to Franchard ?\'b8 R. L.
Stevenson.
Been, or ben, was anciently
the plural of the indicative present. \'bdYe ben light
of the world.\'b8 Wyclif, Matt. v. 14. Afterwards
be was used, as in our Bible: \'bdThey that
be with us are more than they that be with them.\'b8
2 Kings vi. 16. Ben was also the old
infinitive: \'bdTo ben of such power.\'b8 R. of
Gloucester. Be is used as a form of the present
subjunctive: \'bdBut if it be a question of words and
names.\'b8 Acts xviii. 15. But the indicative forms,
is and are, with if, are more commonly
used.
Be it so, a phrase of supposition, equivalent
to suppose it to be so; or of permission, signifying
let it be so. Shak. -- If so
be, in case. -- To be from, to have
come from; as, from what place are you ? I
am from Chicago. -- To let be, to
omit, or leave untouched; to let alone. \'bdLet be,
therefore, my vengeance to dissuade.\'b8
Spenser.
Syn. -- To be, Exist. The
verb to be, except in a few rare case, like that of
Shakespeare's \'bdTo be, or not to be\'b8,
is used simply as a copula, to connect a subject with
its predicate; as, man is mortal; the soul
is immortal. The verb to exist is never
properly used as a mere copula, but points to things that
stand forth, or have a substantive being; as, when the
soul is freed from all corporeal alliance, then it truly
exists. It is not, therefore, properly synonymous with
to be when used as a copula, though occasionally made so by some
writers for the sake of variety; as in the phrase \'bdthere
exists [is] no reason for laying new
taxes.\'b8 We may, indeed, say, \'bda friendship has long
existed between them,\'b8 instead of saying, \'bdthere
has long been a friendship between them;\'b8 but in
this case, exist is not a mere copula. It is used in
its appropriate sense to mark the friendship as having been long
in existence.
Be*. [AS. be, and in accented form
b\'c6, akin to OS. be and b\'c6,
OHG. bi, pi, and p\'c6, MHG.
be and b\'c6, G. be and
bei, Goth. bi, and perh. Gr. /
about (cf. AS. bese\'a2n to look about). /203. Gr.
By, Amb-.] A prefix, originally the
same word as by; joined with verbs, it serves:
(a) To intensify the meaning; as,
bespatter, bestir. (b) To render
an intransitive verb transitive; as, befall (to fall
upon); bespeak (to speak for). (c) To make
the action of a verb particular or definite; as,
beget (to get as offspring); beset (to set
around).
It is joined with certain substantives, and a few
adjectives, to form verbs; as, bedew,
befriend, benight, besot;
belate (to make late); belittle (to make
little). It also occurs in certain nouns, adverbs, and
prepositions, often with something of the force of the
preposition by, or about; as,
belief (believe), behalf,
bequest (bequeath); because,
before, beneath, beside,
between.
In some words the original force of be is obscured or
lost; as, in become, begin,
behave, behoove, belong.
<-- p. 127 -->
Beach (?), n.; pl.
Beaches (/). [Cf. Sw. backe
hill, Dan. bakke, Icel. bakki hill, bank.
Cf. Bank.] 1. Pebbles, collectively;
shingle.
2. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is
washed by the waves; especially, a sandy or pebbly shore; the
strand.
Beach flea (Zo\'94l.), the common
name of many species of amphipod Crustacea, of the family
Orchestid\'91, living on the sea beaches, and leaping
like fleas. -- Beach grass (Bot.),
a coarse grass (Ammophila arundinacea), growing on
the sandy shores of lakes and seas, which, by its interlaced
running rootstocks, binds the sand together, and resists the
encroachment of the waves. -- Beach wagon, a
light open wagon with two or more seats. -- Raised
beach, an accumulation of water-worn stones, gravel,
sand, and other shore deposits, above the present level of wave
action, whether actually raised by elevation of the coast, as in
Norway, or left by the receding waters, as in many lake and river
regions.
Beach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beached (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beaching.] To run or drive (as a vessel
or a boat) upon a beach; to strand; as, to beach a
ship.
Beach" comb`er (?). A long, curling wave
rolling in from the ocean. See Comber.
[Amer.]
Beached (?), p. p. & a. 1.
Bordered by a beach.
The beached verge of the salt flood.
Shak.
2. Driven on a beach; stranded; drawn up on a
beach; as, the ship is beached.
Beach"y (?), a. Having a beach
or beaches; formed by a beach or beaches; shingly.
The beachy girdle of the ocean.
Shak.
Bea"con (?), n. [OE.
bekene, AS. be\'a0cen, b/cen;
akin to OS. b/kan, Fries. baken,
beken, sign, signal, D. baak, OHG.
bouhhan, G. bake; of unknown origin. Cf.
Beckon.] 1. A signal fire to notify
of the approach of an enemy, or to give any notice, commonly of
warning.
No flaming beacons cast their blaze afar.
Gay.
2. A signal or conspicuous mark erected on an
eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to
mariners.
3. A high hill near the shore. [Prov.
Eng.]
4. That which gives notice of danger.
Modest doubt is called
The beacon of the wise.
Shak.
Beacon fire, a signal fire.
Bea"con, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beaconed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beaconing.] 1. To give light
to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine.
That beacons the darkness of heaven.
Campbell.
2. To furnish with a beacon or beacons.
Bea"con*age (?), n. Money paid
for the maintenance of a beacon; also, beacons,
collectively.
Bea"con*less, a. Having no beacon.
Bead (?), n. [OE.
bede prayer, prayer bead, AS.
bed, gebed, prayer; akin to D.
bede, G. bitte, AS. biddan, to
ask, bid, G. bitten to ask, and perh. to
Gr. / to persuade, L. fidere to trust.
Beads are used by the Roman Catholics to count their prayers, one
bead being dropped down a string every time a prayer is said. Cf.
Sp. cuenta bead, fr. contar to count. See
Bid, in to bid beads, and
Bide.] 1. A prayer.
[Obs.]
2. A little perforated ball, to be strung on a
thread, and worn for ornament; or used in a rosary for counting
prayers, as by Roman Catholics and Mohammedans, whence the
phrases to tell beads, to at one's beads,
to bid beads, etc., meaning, to be at prayer.
3. Any small globular body; as, (a)
A bubble in spirits. (b) A drop of sweat
or other liquid. \'bdCold beads of midnight
dew.\'b8 Wordsworth. (c) A small knob of
metal on a firearm, used for taking aim (whence the expression
to draw a bead, for, to take aim). (d)
(Arch.) A small molding of rounded surface, the
section being usually an arc of a circle. It may be continuous,
or broken into short embossments. (e)
(Chem.) A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or
microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several
mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before
the blowpipe; as, the borax bead; the iron
bead, etc.
Bead and butt (Carp.), framing in
which the panels are flush, having beads stuck or run upon the
two edges. Knight. -- Beat mold, a
species of fungus or mold, the stems of which consist of single
cells loosely jointed together so as to resemble a string of
beads. [Written also bead mould.]
-- Bead tool, a cutting tool, having an edge
curved so as to make beads or beading. -- Bead
tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus
Melia, the best known species of which (M.
azedarach), has blue flowers which are very fragrant, and
berries which are poisonous.
Bead, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Beading.] To ornament with beads or
beading.
Bead, v. i. To form beadlike
bubbles.
{ Bead"house`, Bede"house` }
(?), n. [OE. bede prayer + E.
house. See Bead, n.] An
almshouse for poor people who pray daily for their
benefactors.
Bead"ing, n. 1. (Arch.)
Molding in imitation of beads.
2. The beads or bead-forming quality of certain
liquors; as, the beading of a brand of
whisky.
Bea"dle (?), n. [OE.
bedel, bidel, budel, OF.
bedel, F. bedeau, fr. OHG.
butil, putil, G. b\'81ttel, fr.
OHG. biotan, G. bieten, to bid, confused
with AS. bydel, the same word as OHG.
butil. See. Bid, v.]
1. A messenger or crier of a court; a servitor; one
who cites or bids persons to appear and answer; -- called also an
apparitor or
summoner.
2. An officer in a university, who precedes public
processions of officers and students. [Eng.]
bedel
(Oxford) and bedell (Cambridge) are preserved.
3. An inferior parish officer in England having a
variety of duties, as the preservation of order in church
service, the chastisement of petty offenders, etc.
Bea"dle*ry (?), n. Office or
jurisdiction of a beadle.
Bea"dle*ship, n. The state of being, or
the personality of, a beadle.
A. Wood.
Bead" proof` (?). 1. Among
distillers, a certain degree of strength in alcoholic liquor, as
formerly ascertained by the floating or sinking of glass globules
of different specific gravities thrown into it; now ascertained
by more accurate meters.
2. A degree of strength in alcoholic liquor as
shown by beads or small bubbles remaining on its surface, or at
the side of the glass, when shaken.
Bead"roll` (?), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose
souls a certain number of prayers are to be said or counted off
on the beads of a chaplet; hence, a catalogue in general.
On Fame's eternal beadroll worthy to be field.
Spenser.
It is quite startling, on going over the beadroll
of English worthies, to find how few are directly represented in
the male line.
Quart. Rev.
{ Beads"man, Bedes"man }
(?), n.; pl. -men
(/). A poor man, supported in a beadhouse,
and required to pray for the soul of its founder; an
almsman.
Whereby ye shall bind me to be your poor beadsman
for ever unto Almighty God.
Fuller.
Bead"snake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small poisonous snake of North
America (Elaps fulvius), banded with yellow, red, and
black.
{ Beads"wom`an, Bedes"wom`an }
(?), n.; pl. -women
(/). Fem. of Beadsman.
Bead"work` (?), n. Ornamental
work in beads.
Bead"y (?), a. 1.
Resembling beads; small, round, and glistening.
\'bdBeady eyes.\'b8
Thackeray.
2. Covered or ornamented with, or as with,
beads.
3. Characterized by beads; as, beady
liquor.
Bea"gle (?), n. [OE.
begele; perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael.
beag small, little, W. bach. F.
bigle is from English.] 1. A small
hound, or hunting dog, twelve to fifteen inches high, used in
hunting hares and other small game. See Illustration
in Appendix.
2. Fig.: A spy or detective; a constable.
Beak (?), n. [OE.
bek, F. bec, fr. Celtic; cf. Gael. & Ir.
bac, bacc, hook, W.
bach.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The bill or nib of a bird, consisting of a horny
sheath, covering the jaws. The form varied much according to the
food and habits of the bird, and is largely used in the
classification of birds. (b) A similar bill in other
animals, as the turtles. (c) The long projecting sucking
mouth of some insects, and other invertebrates, as in the
Hemiptera. (d) The upper or projecting part of the
shell, near the hinge of a bivalve. (e) The prolongation
of certain univalve shells containing the canal.
2. Anything projecting or ending in a point, like a
beak, as a promontory of land.
Carew.
3. (Antiq.) A beam, shod or armed at the
end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of
an ancient galley, in order to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a
beakhead.
4. (Naut.) That part of a ship, before
the forecastle, which is fastened to the stem, and supported by
the main knee.
5. (Arch.) A continuous slight
projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a
drip from which the water is thrown off.
6. (Bot.) Any process somewhat like the
beak of a bird, terminating the fruit or other parts of a
plant.
7. (Far.) A toe clip. See Clip,
n. (Far.).
8. A magistrate or policeman. [Slang,
Eng.]
Beaked (?), a. 1.
Having a beak or a beaklike point; beak-shaped.
\'bdEach beaked promontory.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Biol.) Furnished with a process or a
mouth like a beak; rostrate.
Beaked whale (Zo\'94l.), a cetacean
of the genus Hyperoodon; the bottlehead
whale.
Beak"er (?), n. [OE.
biker; akin to Icel. bikarr, Sw.
b\'84gare, Dan. baeger, G.
becher, It. bicchiere; -- all fr. LL.
bicarium, prob. fr. Gr. / wine jar, or
perh. L. bacar wine vessel. Cf. Pitcher a
jug.] 1. A large drinking cup, with a wide
mouth, supported on a foot or standard.
2. An open-mouthed, thin glass vessel, having a
projecting lip for pouring; -- used for holding solutions
requiring heat.
Knight.
Beak"head` (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) An ornament used in rich Norman doorways,
resembling a head with a beak.
Parker.
2. (Naut.) (a) A small platform
at the fore part of the upper deck of a vessel, which contains
the water closets of the crew. (b)
(Antiq.) Same as Beak, 3.
Beak"i*ron (?), n. [From
Bickern.] A bickern; a bench anvil with a
long beak, adapted to reach the interior surface of sheet metal
ware; the horn of an anvil.
Beal (/), n. [See Boil a
tumor.] (Med.) A small inflammatory tumor; a
pustule. [Prov. Eng.]
Beal, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bealed (/); p. pr & vb.
n. Bealing.] To gather matter; to
swell and come to a head, as a pimple. [Prov.
Eng.]
Be"-all` (?), n. The whole; all
that is to be. [Poetic]
Shak.
Beam (?), n. [AS.
be\'a0m beam, post, tree, ray of light; akin to
OFries. b\'bem tree, OS. b/m, D.
boom, OHG. boum, poum, G.
baum, Icel. ba/mr, Goth. bahms
and Gr. / a growth, / to become, to be.
Cf. L. radius staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, beam or
ray, and G. strahl arrow, spoke of a wheel, ray or
beam, flash of lightning. /97. See Be; cf.
Boom a spar.] 1. Any large piece of
timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared
for use.
2. One of the principal horizontal timbers of a
building or ship.
The beams of a vessel are strong pieces of timber
stretching across from side to side to support the decks.
Totten.
3. The width of a vessel; as, one vessel is
said to have more beam than another.
4. The bar of a balance, from the ends of which the
scales are suspended.
The doubtful beam long nods from side to side.
Pope.
5. The principal stem or horn of a stag or other
deer, which bears the antlers, or branches.
6. The pole of a carriage.
[Poetic]
Dryden.
7. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on
which weavers wind the warp before weaving; also, the cylinder on
which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven; one being called the
fore beam, the other the back beam.
8. The straight part or shank of an anchor.
9. The main part of a plow, to which the handles
and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the
oxen or horses that draw it.
10. (Steam Engine) A heavy iron lever
having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which
is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion,
and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft; -- called also
working beam or walking
beam.
11. A ray or collection of parallel rays emitted
from the sun or other luminous body; as, a beam of
light, or of heat.
How far that little candle throws his beams !
Shak.
12. Fig.: A ray; a gleam; as, a beam
of comfort.
Mercy with her genial beam.
Keble.
13. One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk;
-- called also beam feather.
Abaft the beam (Naut.), in an arc
of the horizon between a line that crosses the ship at right
angles, or in the direction of her beams, and that point of the
compass toward which her stern is directed. -- Beam
center (Mach.), the fulcrum or pin on which
the working beam of an engine vibrates. -- Beam
compass, an instrument consisting of a rod or beam,
having sliding sockets that carry steel or pencil points; -- used
for drawing or describing large circles. -- Beam
engine, a steam engine having a working beam to
transmit power, in distinction from one which has its piston rod
attached directly to the crank of the wheel shaft. --
Before the beam (Naut.), in an arc of
the horizon included between a line that crosses the ship at
right angles and that point of the compass toward which the ship
steers. -- On the beam , in a line with the
beams, or at right angled with the keel. -- On the
weather beam, on the side of a ship which faces the
wind. -- To be on her beam ends, to incline,
as a vessel, so much on one side that her beams approach a
vertical position.
Beam, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beamed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beaming.] To send forth; to emit; --
followed ordinarily by forth; as, to beam
forth light.
Beam, v. i. To emit beams of
light.
He beamed, the daystar of the rising age.
Trumbull.
Beam"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European flycatcher
(Muscicapa gricola), so called because it often nests
on a beam in a building.
Beamed (?), a. Furnished with
beams, as the head of a stag.
Tost his beamed frontlet to the sky.
Sir W. Scott.
Beam"ful (?), a. Beamy;
radiant.
Beam"i*ly (?), adv. In a
beaming manner.
Beam"i*ness, n. The state of being
beamy.
Beam"ing, a. Emitting beams;
radiant.
Beam"ing*ly, adv. In a beaming manner;
radiantly.
Beam"less, a. 1. Not having a
beam.
2. Not emitting light.
Beam"let (?), n. A small beam
of light.
Beam" tree` (?). [AS. be\'a0m a
tree. See Beam.] (Bot.) A tree
(Pyrus aria) related to the apple.
Beam"y (?), a. 1.
Emitting beams of light; radiant; shining.
\'bdBeamy gold.\'b8
Tickell.
<-- p. 128 -->
2. Resembling a beam in size and weight;
massy.
His double-biting ax, and beamy spear.
Dryden.
3. Having horns, or antlers.
Beamy stags in toils engage.
Dryden.
Bean (?), n. [OE.
bene, AS.be\'a0n; akin to D.
boon, G. bohne, OHG. p/na,
Icel. baun, Dan. b\'94nne, Sw.
b\'94na, and perh. to Russ. bob, L.
faba.] 1. (Bot.) A name
given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the
genera Faba, Phaseolus, and
Dolichos; also, to the herbs.
Dolichos Sinensis; black
Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, D. Lablab; the common
haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all
included in Phaseolus vulgaris; the lower bush bean,
Ph. vulgaris, variety nanus; Lima bean,
Ph. lunatus; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, Ph.
maltiflorus; Windsor bean, the common bean of England,
Faba vulgaris.
As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables.
2. The popular name of other vegetable seeds or
fruits, more or less resembling true beans.
Bean aphis (Zo\'94l.), a plant
louse (Aphis fab\'91) which infests the bean
plant. -- Bean fly (Zo\'94l.), a
fly found on bean flowers. -- Bean goose
(Zo\'94l.), a species of goose (Anser
segetum). -- Bean weevil
(Zo\'94l.), a small weevil that in the larval
state destroys beans. The American species in Bruchus
fab\'91. -- Florida bean (Bot.),
the seed of Mucuna urens, a West Indian plant. The
seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished
and made into ornaments. -- Ignatius bean,
or St. Ignatius's bean (Bot.), a
species of Strychnos. -- Navy bean,
the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called
because an important article of food in the navy. --
Pea bean, a very small and highly esteemed variety
of the edible white bean; -- so called from its size. --
Sacred bean. See under Sacred. --
Screw bean. See under Screw. --
Sea bean. (a) Same as Florida
bean. (b) A red bean of unknown species
used for ornament. -- Tonquin bean, or
Tonka bean, the fragrant seed of
Dipteryx odorata, a leguminous tree. --
Vanilla bean. See under
Vanilla.
Bean" ca`per. (Bot.) A deciduous plant
of warm climates, generally with fleshy leaves and flowers of a
yellow or whitish yellow color, of the genus
Zygophyllum.
Bean" tre"foil. (Bot.) A leguminous
shrub of southern Europe, with trifoliate leaves (Anagyris
f\'d2tida).
Bear (?), v. t.
[imp. Bore (?) (formerly
Bare (/)); p. p. Born
(?), Borne (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bearing.] [OE. beren, AS.
beran, beoran, to bear, carry, produce;
akin to D. baren to bring forth, G.
geb\'84ren, Goth. ba\'a1ran to bear or
carry, Icel. bera, Sw. b\'84ra, Dan. b\'91re, OHG. beran, peran,
L. ferre to bear, carry, produce, Gr. /,
OSlav brati to take, carry, OIr. berim I
bear, Skr. bh/ to bear. Fertile.]
1. To support or sustain; to hold up.
2. To support and remove or carry; to convey.
I 'll bear your logs the while.
Shak.
3. To conduct; to bring; -- said of persons.
[Obs.]
Bear them to my house.
Shak.
4. To possess and use, as power; to exercise.
Every man should bear rule in his own house.
Esther i. 22.
5. To sustain; to have on (written or inscribed, or
as a mark), as, the tablet bears this inscription.
6. To possess or carry, as a mark of authority or
distinction; to wear; as, to bear a sword, badge, or
name.
7. To possess mentally; to carry or hold in the
mind; to entertain; to harbor
Dryden.
The ancient grudge I bear him.
Shak.
8. To endure; to tolerate; to undergo; to
suffer.
Should such a man, too fond to rule alone,
Bear, like the Turk, no brother near the throne.
Pope.
I cannot bear
The murmur of this lake to hear.
Shelley.
My punishment is greater than I can bear.
Gen. iv. 13.
9. To gain or win. [Obs.]
Some think to bear it by speaking a great word.
Bacon.
She was . . . found not guilty, through bearing of
friends and bribing of the judge.
Latimer.
10. To sustain, or be answerable for, as blame,
expense, responsibility, etc.
He shall bear their iniquities.
Is. liii. 11.
Somewhat that will bear your charges.
Dryden.
11. To render or give; to bring forward.
\'bdYour testimony bear\'b8
Dryden.
12. To carry on, or maintain; to have.
\'bdThe credit of bearing a part in the
conversation.\'b8
Locke.
13. To admit or be capable of; that is, to suffer
or sustain without violence, injury, or change.
In all criminal cases the most favorable interpretation should
be put on words that they can possibly bear.
Swift.
14. To manage, wield, or direct. \'bdThus must thou
thy body bear.\'b8 Shak. Hence: To behave; to
conduct.
Hath he borne himself penitently in prison ?
Shak.
15. To afford; to be to ; to supply with.
/is faithful dog shall bear him company.
Pope.
16. To bring forth or produce; to yield; as, to
bear apples; to bear children; to bear
interest.
Here dwelt the man divine whom Samos bore.
Dryden.
born to the sense
of brought forth, while borne is used in
the other senses of the word. In the active form,
borne alone is used as the past participle.
To bear down. (a) To force into a
lower place; to carry down; to depress or sink. \'bdHis
nose, . . . large as were the others, bore them
down into insignificance.\'b8 Marryat.
(b) To overthrow or crush by force; as, to bear
down an enemy. -- To bear a hand.
(a) To help; to give assistance. (b)
(Naut.) To make haste; to be quick. --
To bear in hand, to keep (one) up in expectation,
usually by promises never to be realized; to amuse by false
pretenses; to delude. [Obs.] \'bdHow you were
borne in hand, how crossed.\'b8 Shak. --
To bear in mind, to remember. -- To bear
off. (a) To restrain; to keep from
approach. (b) (Naut.) To remove to a
distance; to keep clear from rubbing against anything; as, to
bear off a blow; to bear off a boat.
(c) To gain; to carry off, as a prize. --
To bear one hard, to owe one a grudge.
[Obs.] \'bdC\'91sar doth bear me
hard.\'b8 Shak. -- To bear out.
(a) To maintain and support to the end; to defend to
the last. \'bdCompany only can bear a man
out in an ill thing.\'b8 South. (b)
To corroborate; to confirm. -- To bear up,
to support; to keep from falling or sinking.
\'bdReligious hope bears up the mind under
sufferings.\'b8 Addison.
Syn. -- To uphold; sustain; maintain; support; undergo;
suffer; endure; tolerate; carry; convey; transport; waft.
Bear (?), v. i. 1. To
produce, as fruit; to be fruitful, in opposition to
barrenness.
This age to blossom, and the next to bear.
Dryden.
2. To suffer, as in carrying a burden.
But man is born to bear.
Pope.
3. To endure with patience; to be patient.
I can not, can not bear.
Dryden.
4. To press; -- with on or
upon, or against.
These men bear hard on the suspected party.
Addison.
5. To take effect; to have influence or force;
as, to bring matters to bear.
6. To relate or refer; -- with on or
upon; as, how does this bear on the
question?
7. To have a certain meaning, intent, or
effect.
Her sentence bore that she should stand a certain
time upon the platform.
Hawthorne.
8. To be situated, as to the point of compass, with
respect to something else; as, the land bears
N. by E.
To bear against, to approach for attack or
seizure; as, a lion bears against his
prey. [Obs.] -- To bear away
(Naut.), to change the course of a ship, and make
her run before the wind. -- To bear back, to
retreat. \'bdBearing back from the blows of their
sable antagonist.\'b8 Sir W. Scott. -- To bear down
upon (Naut.), to approach from the windward
side; as, the fleet bore down upon the
enemy. -- To bear in with
(Naut.), to run or tend toward; as, a ship
bears in with the land. -- To bear
off (Naut.), to steer away, as from
land. -- To bear up. (a) To be
supported; to have fortitude; to be firm; not to sink; as, to
bear up under afflictions. (b)
(Naut.) To put the helm up (or to windward) and so
put the ship before the wind; to bear away.
Hamersly. -- To bear upon (Mil.),
to be pointed or situated so as to affect; to be pointed
directly against, or so as to hit (the object); as, to bring
or plant guns so as to bear upon a fort or a ship; the
artillery bore upon the center. -- To bear
up to, to tend or move toward; as, to bear up
to one another. -- To bear with, to
endure; to be indulgent to; to forbear to resent, oppose, or
punish.
Bear (?), n. A bier.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Bear (?), n. [OE.
bere, AS. bera; akin to D. beer,
OHG. bero, pero, G. b\'84r,
Icel. & Sw. bj\'94rn, and possibly to L.
fera wild beast, Gr. / beast, Skr.
bhalla bear.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus
Ursus, and of the closely allied genera. Bears are plantigrade
Carnivora, but they live largely on fruit and insects.
The European brown bear (U. arctos), the white
polar bear (U. maritimus), the grizzly bear (U.
horribilis), the American black bear, and its variety the
cinnamon bear (U. Americanus), the Syrian bear
(Ursus Syriacus), and the sloth bear, are among the
notable species.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An animal which has some
resemblance to a bear in form or habits, but no real affinity;
as, the woolly bear; ant bear; water
bear; sea bear.
3. (Astron.) One of two constellations
in the northern hemisphere, called respectively the Great
Bear and the Lesser Bear, or Ursa
Major and Ursa Minor.
4. Metaphorically: A brutal, coarse, or morose
person.
5. (Stock Exchange) A person who sells
stocks or securities for future delivery in expectation of a fall
in the market.
bears and bulls of the
Stock Exchange, whose interest it is, the one to depress, and the
other to raise, stocks, are said to be so called in allusion to
the bear's habit of pulling down, and the bull's of tossing
up.
6. (Mach.) A portable punching
machine.
7. (Naut.) A block covered with coarse
matting; -- used to scour the deck.
Australian bear. (Zo\'94l.) See
Koala. -- Bear baiting, the sport of
baiting bears with dogs. -- Bear caterpillar
(Zo\'94l.), the hairy larva of a moth, esp. of the
genus Euprepia. -- Bear garden.
(a) A place where bears are kept for diversion or
fighting. (b) Any place where riotous conduct is common
or permitted. M. Arnold. -- Bear leader,
one who leads about a performing bear for money; hence, a
facetious term for one who takes charge of a young man on his
travels.
Bear, v. t. (Stock Exchange)
To endeavor to depress the price of, or prices in; as,
to bear a railroad stock; to bear the
market.
{ Bear, Bere } (?),
n. [AS. bere. See
Barley.] (Bot.) Barley; the
six-rowed barley or the four-rowed barley, commonly the former
(Hord. vulgare). [Obs. except in North of
Eng. and Scot.]
Bear"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being borne or endured; tolerable. --
Bear"a*bly, adv.
Bear"ber*ry (?), n.
(Bot.) A trailing plant of the heath family
(Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), having leaves which are
tonic and astringent, and glossy red berries of which bears are
said to be fond.
Bear"bind` (?), n. (Bot.)
The bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis).
Beard (?), n. [OE.
berd, AS. beard; akin to Fries.
berd, D. baard, G. bart, Lith.
barzda, OSlav. brada, Pol.
broda, Russ. boroda, L. barba,
W. barf. Cf. 1st Barb.]
1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and
adjacent parts of the human face, chiefly of male adults.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The long
hairs about the face in animals, as in the goat.
(b) The cluster of small feathers at the base of
the beak in some birds (c) The appendages to
the jaw in some Cetacea, and to the mouth or jaws of some
fishes. (d) The byssus of certain shellfish,
as the muscle. (e) The gills of some
bivalves, as the oyster. (f) In insects, the
hairs of the labial palpi of moths and butterflies.
3. (Bot.) Long or stiff hairs on a
plant; the awn; as, the beard of grain.
4. A barb or sharp point of an arrow or other
instrument, projecting backward to prevent the head from being
easily drawn out.
5. That part of the under side of a horse's lower
jaw which is above the chin, and bears the curb of a
bridle.
6. (Print.) That part of a type which is
between the shoulder of the shank and the face.
7. An imposition; a trick.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Beard grass (Bot.), a coarse,
perennial grass of different species of the genus
Andropogon. -- To one's beard, to
one's face; in open defiance.
Beard (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bearded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bearding.] 1.
To take by the beard; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard of
(a man), in anger or contempt.
2. To oppose to the gills; to set at
defiance.
No admiral, bearded by three corrupt and dissolute
minions of the palace, dared to do more than mutter something
about a court martial.
Macaulay.
3. To deprive of the gills; -- used only of oysters
and similar shellfish.
Beard"ed, a. Having a beard.
\'bdBearded fellow.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdBearded grain.\'b8 Dryden.
Bearded vulture, Bearded
eagle. (Zo\'94l.) See
Lammergeir. -- Bearded tortoise.
(Zo\'94l.) See Matamata.
Beard"ie (?), n. [From
Beard, n.] (Zo\'94l.)
The bearded loach (Nemachilus barbatus) of
Europe. [Scot.]
Beard"less, a. 1. Without a
beard. Hence: Not having arrived at puberty or manhood;
youthful.
2. Destitute of an awn; as, beardless
wheat.
Beard"less*ness, n. The state or quality
of being destitute of beard.
Bear"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries.
\'bdBearers of burdens.\'b8 2 Chron. ii. 18.
\'bdThe bearer of unhappy news.\'b8
Dryden.
2. Specifically: One who assists in carrying a body
to the grave; a pallbearer.
Milton.
3. A palanquin carrier; also, a house
servant. [India]
4. A tree or plant yielding fruit; as, a good
bearer.
5. (Com.) One who holds a check, note,
draft, or other order for the payment of money; as, pay to
bearer.
6. (Print.) A strip of reglet or other
furniture to bear off the impression from a blank page; also, a
type or type-high piece of metal interspersed in blank parts to
support the plate when it is shaved.
Bear"herd` (?), n. A man who
tends a bear.
Bear"hound` (?), n. A hound for
baiting or hunting bears.
Car//le.
Bear"ing (?), n. 1.
The manner in which one bears or conducts one's self; mien;
behavior; carriage.
I know him by his bearing.
Shak.
2. Patient endurance; suffering without
complaint.
3. The situation of one object, with respect to
another, such situation being supposed to have a connection with
the object, or influence upon it, or to be influenced by it;
hence, relation; connection.
But of this frame, the bearings and the ties,
The strong connections, nice dependencies.
Pope.
4. Purport; meaning; intended significance;
aspect.
5. The act, power, or time of producing or giving
birth; as, a tree in full bearing; a tree past
bearing.
[His mother] in travail of his bearing.
R. of Gloucester.
6. (Arch.) (a) That part of any
member of a building which rests upon its supports; as, a
lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the
wall. (b) The portion of a support on
which anything rests. (c) Improperly, the
unsupported span; as, the beam has twenty feet of
bearing between its supports.
7. (Mach.) (a) The part of an
axle or shaft in contact with its support, collar, or boxing; the
journal. (b) The part of the support on which
a journal rests and rotates.
8. (Her.) Any single emblem or charge in
an escutcheon or coat of arms -- commonly in the
pl.
A carriage covered with armorial bearings.
Thackeray.
9. (Naut.) (a) The situation of
a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the
bow, on the lee quarter, etc.; the direction or point of the
compass in which an object is seen; as, the bearing
of the cape was W. N. W. (b) pl.
The widest part of a vessel below the plank-sheer.
(c) pl. The line of flotation of a
vessel when properly trimmed with cargo or ballast.
Ball bearings. See under Ball.
-- To bring one to his bearings, to bring one to
his senses. -- To lose one's bearings, to
become bewildered. -- To take bearings, to
ascertain by the compass the position of an object; to ascertain
the relation of one object or place to another; to ascertain
one's position by reference to landmarks or to the compass; hence
(Fig.), to ascertain the condition of things when one
is in trouble or perplexity.
Syn. -- Deportment; gesture; mien; behavior; manner;
carriage; demeanor; port; conduct; direction; relation; tendency;
influence.
Bear"ing cloth` (?). A cloth with which a
child is covered when carried to be baptized.
Shak.
Bear"ing rein` (?). A short rein looped
over the check hook or the hames to keep the horse's head up; --
called in the United States a checkrein.
Bear"ish, a. Partaking of the qualities
of a bear; resembling a bear in temper or manners.
Harris.
Bear"ish*ness, n. Behavior like that of
a bear.
Bearn (?), n. See
Bairn. [Obs.]
Bear's"-breech` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) See Acanthus,
n., 1. (b) The English cow parsnip
(Heracleum sphondylium)
Dr. Prior.
<-- p. 129 -->
Bear's-ear` (?), n.
(Bot.) A kind of primrose (Primula
auricula), so called from the shape of the leaf.
Bear's"-foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of hellebore (Helleborus
f\'d2tidus), with digitate leaves. It has an offensive
smell and acrid taste, and is a powerful emetic, cathartic, and
anthelmintic.
Bear"skin` (?), n. 1.
The skin of a bear.
2. A coarse, shaggy, woolen cloth for
overcoats.
3. A cap made of bearskin, esp. one worn by
soldiers.
Bear's"-paw` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large bivalve shell of the East
Indies (Hippopus maculatus), often used as an
ornament.
Bear"ward` (?), n.
[Bear + ward a keeper.] A
keeper of bears. See Bearherd. [R.]
Shak.
Beast (?), n. [OE.
best, beste, OF. beste, F.
b\'88te, fr. L. bestia.] 1.
Any living creature; an animal; -- including man, insects,
etc. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Any four-footed animal, that may be used for
labor, food, or sport; as, a beast of
burden.
A righteous man regardeth the life of his
beast.
Prov. xii. 10.
3. As opposed to man: Any irrational
animal.
4. Fig.: A coarse, brutal, filthy, or degraded
fellow.
5. A game at cards similar to loo.
[Obs.]
Wright.
6. A penalty at beast, omber, etc. Hence: To be
beasted, to be beaten at beast, omber, etc.
Beast royal, the lion.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Beast, Brute. When
we use these words in a figurative sense, as applicable to human
beings, we think of beasts as mere animals governed by
animal appetite; and of brutes as being destitute of
reason or moral feeling, and governed by unrestrained passion.
Hence we speak of beastly appetites;
beastly indulgences, etc.; and of brutal
manners; brutal inhumanity; brutal
ferocity. So, also, we say of a drunkard, that he first made
himself a beast, and then treated his family like a
brute.
Beast"hood (?), n. State or
nature of a beast.
Beast"ings (?), n. pl. See
Biestings.
Beast"li*head (?), n.
[Beastly + -head state.]
Beastliness. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Beast"like" (?), a. Like a
beast.
Beast"li*ness, n. The state or quality
of being beastly.
Beast"ly (?), a. 1.
Pertaining to, or having the form, nature, or habits of, a
beast.
Beastly divinities and droves of gods.
Prior.
2. Characterizing the nature of a beast; contrary
to the nature and dignity of man; brutal; filthy.
The beastly vice of drinking to excess.
Swift.
3. Abominable; as, beastly
weather. [Colloq. Eng.]
Syn. -- Bestial; brutish; irrational; sensual;
degrading.
Beat (?), v. t.
[imp. Beat; p. p.
Beat, Beaten (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Beating.] [OE.
beaten, beten, AS. be\'a0tan;
akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b/zan. Cf. 1st
Butt, Button.] 1. To strike
repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat
one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to
beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to
beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum.
Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small.
Ex. xxx. 36.
They did beat the gold into thin plates.
Ex. xxxix. 3.
2. To punish by blows; to thrash.
3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied
with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of
rousing game.
To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey.
Prior.
4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or
wind.
A frozen continent . . . beat with perpetual
storms.
Milton.
5. To tread, as a path.
Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way.
Blackmore.
6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race,
game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass.
He beat them in a bloody battle.
Prescott.
For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that.
M. Arnold.
7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; --
often with out. [Colloq.]
8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to
trouble.
Why should any one . . . beat his head about the
Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?
Locke.
9. (Mil.) To give the signal for, by
beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat
an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the
general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm,
Charge, Parley, etc.
To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to
secure a lower price; to force down. [Colloq.]
-- To beat into, to teach or instill, by
repetition. -- To beat off, to repel or drive
back. -- To beat out, to extend by
hammering. -- To beat out of a thing, to
cause to relinquish it, or give it up. \'bdNor can anything
beat their posterity out of it to this
day.\'b8 South. -- To beat the dust.
(Man.) (a) To take in too little ground
with the fore legs, as a horse. (b) To perform
curvets too precipitately or too low. -- To beat the
hoof, to walk; to go on foot. -- To beat the
wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering
agitation. -- To beat time, to measure or
regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. --
To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or
disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters.
Syn. -- To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump;
baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat;
vanquish; overcome.
Beat, v. i. 1. To strike
repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or
loudly.
The men of the city . . . beat at the door.
Judges. xix. 22.
2. To move with pulsation or throbbing.
A thousand hearts beat happily.
Byron.
3. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall
with force; to strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves
do.
Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below.
Dryden.
They [winds] beat at the crazy casement.
Longfellow.
The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he
fainted, and wisbed in himself to die.
Jonah iv. 8.
Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon
ministers.
Bacon.
4. To be in agitation or doubt.
[Poetic]
To still my beating mind.
Shak.
5. (Naut.) To make progress against the
wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse.
6. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums
beat.
7. (Mil.) To make a succession of
strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call
soldiers to their quarters.
8. (Acoustics & Mus.) To sound with more
or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as
to produce a pulsating effect; -- said of instruments, tones, or
vibrations, not perfectly in unison.
A beating wind (Naut.), a wind
which necessitates tacking in order to make progress. --
To beat about, to try to find; to search by
various means or ways. Addison. -- To beat
about the bush, to approach a subject
circuitously. -- To beat up and down
(Hunting), to run first one way and then another;
-- said of a stag. -- To beat up for recruits,
to go diligently about in order to get helpers or
participators in an enterprise.
Beat (?), n. 1. A
stroke; a blow.
He, with a careless beat,
Struck out the mute creation at a heat.
Dryden.
2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation;
as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the
pulse.
3. (Mus.) (a) The rise or fall
of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of
the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat
is the unit. (b) A transient grace note,
struck immediately before the one it is intended to
ornament.
4. (Acoustics & Mus.) A sudden swelling
or re\'89nforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals,
and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly
different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to
other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced
by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See
Beat, v. i., 8.
5. A round or course which is frequently gone over;
as, a watchman's beat.
6. A place of habitual or frequent resort.
7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; --
often emphasized by dead; as, a dead
beat. [Low]
Beat of drum (Mil.), a succession
of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as
to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters,
to direct an attack, or retreat, etc. -- Beat of
a watch, clock, the stroke or
sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in
beat or out of beat, according as the strokes is
at equal or unequal intervals.
Beat, a. Weary; tired; fatigued;
exhausted. [Colloq.]
Quite beat, and very much vexed and
disappointed.
Dickens.
Beat"en (?), a. 1.
Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use.
\'bdA broad and beaten way.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdBeaten gold.\'b8 Shak.
2. Vanquished; conquered; baffled.
3. Exhausted; tired out.
4. Become common or trite; as, a
beaten phrase. [Obs.]
5. Tried; practiced. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Beat"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, beats.
2. A person who beats up game for the
hunters.
Black.
Beath (?), v. t. [AS.
be/ian to foment.] To bathe; also, to dry
or heat, as unseasoned wood. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Be`a*tif"ic (?), Be`a*tif"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
b\'82atifique, L. beatificus. See
Beatify.] Having the power to impart or
complete blissful enjoyment; blissful. \'bdThe
beatific vision.\'b8 South. --
Be`a*tif"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Be`a*tif"i*cate (?), v. t. To
beatify. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Be*at`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. b\'82atification.] The act of
beatifying, or the state of being beatified; esp., in the R. C.
Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a
deceased person is one of \'bdthe blessed,\'b8 or has attained
the second degree of sanctity, -- usually a stage in the process
of canonization. \'bdThe beatification of his
spirit.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Be*at"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beatified (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Beatifying.]
[L. beatificare; beatus happy (fr.
beare to bless, akin to bonus good) +
facere to make: cf. F. b\'82atifier. See
Bounty.] 1. To pronounce or regard
as happy, or supremely blessed, or as conferring happiness.
The common conceits and phrases that beatify
wealth.
Barrow.
2. To make happy; to bless with the completion of
celestial enjoyment. \'bdBeatified spirits.\'b8
Dryden.
3. (R. C. Ch.) To ascertain and declare,
by a public process and decree, that a deceased person is one of
\'bdthe blessed\'b8 and is to be reverenced as such, though not
canonized.
Beat"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of striking or giving blows; punishment or
chastisement by blows.
2. Pulsation; throbbing; as, the
beating of the heart.
3. (Acoustics & Mus.) Pulsative sounds.
See Beat, n.
4. (Naut.) The process of sailing
against the wind by tacks in zigzag direction.
Be*at"i*tude (?), n. [L.
beatitudo: cf. F. b\'82atitude. See
Beatify.] 1. Felicity of the highest
kind; consummate bliss.
2. Any one of the nine declarations (called
the Beatitudes), made in the Sermon on the Mount
(Matt. v. 3-12), with regard to the blessedness of those
who are distinguished by certain specified virtues.
3. (R. C. Ch.) Beatification.
Milman.
Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; happiness.
Beau (?), n.; pl. F.
Beaux (E. pron. b/z), E. Beaus
(#). [F., a fop, fr. beau fine,
beautiful, fr. L. bellus pretty, fine, for
bonulus, dim. of bonus good. See
Bounty, and cf. Belle, Beauty.]
1. A man who takes great care to dress in the
latest fashion; a dandy.
2. A man who escorts, or pays attentions to, a
lady; an escort; a lover.
Beau"catch`er (?), n. A small
flat curl worn on the temple by women.
[Humorous]
Beau"fet (?), n. [See
Buffet.] A niche, cupboard, or sideboard for
plate, china, glass, etc.; a buffet.
A beaufet . . . filled with gold and silver
vessels.
Prescott.
Beau"fin (?), n. See
Biffin.
Wright.
Beau" i*de"al (?). [F. beau
beautiful + id\'82al ideal.] A conception
or image of consummate beauty, moral or physical, formed in the
mind, free from all the deformities, defects, and blemishes seen
in actual existence; an ideal or faultless standard or
model.
Beau"ish (?), n. Like a beau;
characteristic of a beau; foppish; fine. \'bdA
beauish young spark.\'b8
Byrom.
\'d8Beau` monde" (?). [F. beau
fine + monde world.] The fashionable world;
people of fashion and gayety.
Prior.
Beau"pere` (?), n. [F.
beau p\'82re; beau fair +
p\'82re father.] 1. A
father. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
2. A companion. [Obs.]
Spenser.
\'d8Beau`se`ant" (?), n. [F.
beauc\'82ant.] The black and white standard
of the Knights Templars.
Beau"ship (?), n. The state of
being a beau; the personality of a beau.
[Jocular]
Dryden.
Beau"te*ous (?), a. Full of
beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly
poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly,
adv. -- Beau"te*ous*ness,
n.
Beau"tied (?), p. a. Beautiful;
embellished. [Poetic]
Shak.
Beau"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who,
or that which, beautifies or makes beautiful.
Beau"ti*ful (?), a. Having the
qualities which constitute beauty; pleasing to the sight or the
mind.
A circle is more beautiful than a square; a square
is more beautiful than a parallelogram.
Lord Kames.
Syn. -- Handsome; elegant; lovely; fair; charming; graceful;
pretty; delightful. See Fine.
-- Beau"ti*ful*ly, adv. --
Beau"ti*ful*ness, n.
Beau"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beautified (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Beautifying.]
[Beauty + -fy.] To make or
render beautiful; to add beauty to; to adorn; to deck; to grace;
to embellish.
The arts that beautify and polish life.
Burke.
Syn. -- To adorn; grace; ornament; deck; decorate.
Beau"ti*fy, v. i. To become beautiful;
to advance in beauty.
Addison.
Beau"ti*less, a. Destitute of
beauty.
Hammond.
Beau"ty (?), n.; pl.
Beauties (#). [OE.
beaute, beute, OF. beaut\'82,
biaut\'82, Pr. beltat, F.
beaut\'82, fr. an assumed LL. bellitas,
from L. bellus pretty. See Beau.]
1. An assemblage or graces or properties pleasing
to the eye, the ear, the intellect, the \'91sthetic faculty, or
the moral sense.
Beauty consists of a certain composition of color
and figure, causing delight in the beholder.
Locke.
The production of beauty by a multiplicity of
symmetrical parts uniting in a consistent whole.
Wordsworth.
The old definition of beauty, in the Roman school,
was, \'bdmultitude in unity;\'b8 and there is no doubt that such
is the principle of beauty.
Coleridge.
2. A particular grace, feature, ornament, or
excellence; anything beautiful; as, the beauties of
nature.
3. A beautiful person, esp. a beautiful
woman.
All the admired beauties of Verona.
Shak.
4. Prevailing style or taste; rage; fashion.
[Obs.]
She stained her hair yellow, which was then the
beauty.
Jer. Taylor.
Beauty spot, a patch or spot placed on the
face with intent to heighten beauty by contrast.
Beaux (?), n., pl.
of Beau.
Beaux"ite (?), n. (Min.)
See Bauxite.
Bea"ver (?), n. [OE.
bever, AS. beofer, befer; akin
to D. bever, OHG. bibar, G.
biber, Sw. b\'84fver, Dan.
b\'91ver, Lith. bebru, Russ.
bobr', Gael. beabhar, Corn.
befer, L. fiber, and Skr.
babhrus large ichneumon; also as an adj.,
brown, the animal being probably named from its color.
/253. See Brown.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An amphibious rodent, of
the genus Castor.
castor, obtained
from two small bags in the groin of the animal. The European
species is Castor fiber, and the American is generally
considered a variety of this, although sometimes called
Castor Canadensis.
2. The fur of the beaver.
3. A hat, formerly made of the fur of the beaver,
but now usually of silk.
A brown beaver slouched over his eyes.
Prescott.
4. Beaver cloth, a heavy felted woolen cloth, used
chiefly for making overcoats.
Beaver rat (Zo\'94l.), an aquatic
ratlike quadruped of Tasmania (Hydromys
chrysogaster). -- Beaver skin, the
furry skin of the beaver. -- Bank beaver. See
under 1st Bank.
Bea"ver, n. [OE. baviere,
bauier, beavoir, bever; fr. F.
bavi\'8are, fr. bave slaver, drivel, foam,
OF., prattle, drivel, perh. orig. an imitative word.
Bavi\'8are, according to Cotgrave, is the bib put
before a (slavering) child.] That piece of armor which
protected the lower part of the face, whether forming a part of
the helmet or fixed to the breastplate. It was so constructed
(with joints or otherwise) that the wearer could raise or lower
it to eat and drink.
Bea"vered (?), a. Covered with,
or wearing, a beaver or hat. \'bdHis beavered
brow.\'b8
Pope.
Bea"ver*teen (?), n. A kind of
fustian made of coarse twilled cotton, shorn after dyeing.
Simmonds.
<-- p. 130 -->
{ Be*bee"rine, Be*bi"rine }
(?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid
got from the bark of the bebeeru, or green heart of Guiana
(Nectandra Rodi\'d2i). It is a tonic, antiperiodic,
and febrifuge, and is used in medicine as a substitute for
quinine. [Written also bibirine.]
Be*bleed" (?), v. t. To make
bloody; to stain with blood. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Be*blood" (?), Be*blood"y
} (?), v. t. To make bloody; to
stain with blood. [Obs.]
Sheldon.
Be*blot" (?), v. t. To blot; to
stain.
Chaucer.
Be*blub"ber (?), v. t. To make
swollen and disfigured or sullied by weeping; as, her eyes or
cheeks were beblubbered.
Be*calm" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Becalmed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n.
Becalming.] 1. To render calm
or quiet; to calm; to still; to appease.
Soft whispering airs . . . becalm the mind.
Philips.
2. To keep from motion, or stop the progress of, by
the stilling of the wind; as, the fleet was
becalmed.
Be*came" (?), imp. of
Become.
\'d8Bec"ard (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A South American bird of the
flycatcher family. (Tityra inquisetor).
Be*cause" (?), conj. [OE.
bycause; by + cause.] 1.
By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the
reason that.
Milton.
2. In order that; that. [Obs.]
And the multitude rebuked them because they should
hold their peace.
Matt. xx. 31.
Because of, by reason of, on account of.
[Prep. phrase.]
Because of these things cometh the wrath of God
upon the children of disobedience.
Eph. v. 6.
Syn, -- Because, For, Since,
As, Inasmuch As.
These particles are used, in certain connections, to assign the
reason of a thing, or that \'bdon account of\'b8 which
it is or takes place. Because (by cause) is the
strongest and most emphatic; as, I hid myself because
I was afraid. For is not quite so strong; as, in
Shakespeare, \'bdI hate him, for he is a
Christian.\'b8 Since is less formal and more
incidental than because; as, I will do it
since you request me. It more commonly begins a
sentence; as, Since your decision is made, I will say
no more. As is still more incidental than
since, and points to some existing fact by way of
assigning a reason. Thus we say, as I knew him to be
out of town, I did not call. Inasmuch as seems to
carry with it a kind of qualification which does not
belong to the rest. Thus, if we say, I am ready to accept your
proposal, inasmuch as I believe it is the best you can
offer, we mean, it is only with this understanding that we can
accept it.
\'d8Bec`ca*bun"ga (?), n. [NL.
(cf. It. beccabunga, G. bachbunge), fr. G.
bach brook + bunge, OHG. bungo,
bulb. See Beck a brook.] See
Brooklime.
\'d8Bec`ca*fi"co (?), n.; pl.
Beccaficos (/). [It., fr.
beccare to peck + fico fig.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small bird. (Silvia
hortensis), which is highly prized by the Italians for the
delicacy of its flesh in the autumn, when it has fed on figs,
grapes, etc.
\'d8Bach"a*mel (?), n. [F.
b\'82chamel, named from its inventor, Louis de
B\'82chamel.] (Cookery) A rich,
white sauce, prepared with butter and cream.
Be*chance" (?), adv. [Pref.
be- for by + chance.] By chance;
by accident. [Obs.]
Grafton.
Be*chance", v. t. & i. To befall; to
chance; to happen to.
God knows what hath bechanced them.
Shak.
Be*charm" (?), v. t. To charm;
to captivate.
\'d8B\'88che` de mer" (?). [F., lit., a
sea spade.] (Zo\'94l.) The trepang.
Be"chic (?), a. [L. bechicus,
adj., for a cough, Gr. /, fr. / cough:
cf. F. b\'82chique.] (Med.)
Pertaining to, or relieving, a cough. Thomas.
-- n. A medicine for relieving
coughs.
Quincy.
Beck (?), n. See
Beak. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Beck, n. [OE. bek, AS.
becc; akin to Icel. bekkr brook, OHG.
pah, G. bach.] A small
brook.
The brooks, the becks, the rills.
Drayton.
Beck, n. A vat. See Back.
Beck, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Becked (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Becking.] [Contr.
of beckon.] To nod, or make a sign with the
head or hand. [Archaic]
Drayton.
Beck, v. t. To notify or call by a nod,
or a motion of the head or hand; to intimate a command to.
[Archaic]
When gold and silver becks me to come on.
Shak.
Beck, n. A significant nod, or motion of
the head or hand, esp. as a call or command.
They have troops of soldiers at their beck.
Shak.
Beck"er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European fish (Pagellus
centrodontus); the sea bream or braise.
Beck"et (?), n. [Cf. D.
bek beak, and E. beak.]
1. (Naut.) A small grommet, or a ring or
loop of rope / metal for holding things in position, as spars,
ropes, etc.; also a bracket, a pocket, or a handle made of
rope.
2. A spade for digging turf. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
Beck"on, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beckoned (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beckoning.] To make a significant sign
to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand.
His distant friends, he beckons near.
Dryden.
It beckons you to go away with it.
Shak.
Beck"on, n. A sign made without words; a
beck. \'bdAt the first beckon.\'b8
Bolingbroke.
Be*clap (?), v. t. [OE.
biclappen.] To catch; to grasp; to
insnare. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*clip" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beclipped
(/).] [AS. beclyppan; pref.
be + clyppan to embrace.] To
embrace; to surround. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Be*cloud" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beclouded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Beclouding.] To
cause obscurity or dimness to; to dim; to cloud.
If thou becloud the sunshine of thine eye.
Quarles.
Be*come" (?), v. i.
[imp. Became (?); p.
p. Become; p. pr. & vb. n.
Becoming.] [OE. bicumen,
becumen, AS. becuman to come to, to happen;
akin to D. bekomen, OHG.a piqu\'89man,
Goth. biquiman to come upon, G. bekommen to
get, suit. See Be-, and Come.]
1. To pass from one state to another; to enter into
some state or condition, by a change from another state, or by
assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional
matter, or a new character.
The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of
life; and man became a living soul.
Gen. ii. 7.
That error now which is become my crime.
Milton.
2. To come; to get. [Obs.]
But, madam, where is Warwick then become!
Shak.
To become of, to be the present state or place
of; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or
subsequent condition of.
What is then become of so huge a multitude?
Sir W. Raleigh.
Be*come", v. t. To suit or be suitable
to; to be congruous with; to befit; to accord with, in character
or circumstances; to be worthy of, or proper for; to cause to
appear well; -- said of persons and things.
It becomes me so to speak of so excellent a
poet.
Dryden.
I have known persons so anxious to have their dress
become them, as to convert it, at length, into their
proper self, and thus actually to become the
dress.
Coleridge.
Be*com"ed (?), a. Proper;
decorous. [Obs.]
And gave him what becomed love I might.
Shak.
Be*com"ing, a. Appropriate or fit;
congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting.
A low and becoming tone.
Thackeray.
Formerly sometimes followed by of.
Such discourses as are becoming of them.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper.
Be*com"ing, n. That which is becoming or
appropriate. [Obs.]
Be*com"ing*ly, adv. In a becoming
manner.
Be*com"ing*ness, n. The quality of being
becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity; fitness.
The becomingness of human nature.
Grew.
Be*crip"ple (?), v. t. To make
a cripple of; to cripple; to lame. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
\'d8Be*cu"na (?), n.
[Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the
Mediterranean (Sphyr\'91na spet). See
Barracuda.
Be*curl" (?), v. t. To curl; to
adorn with curls.
Bed (?), n. [AS.
bed, bedd; akin to OS. bed, D.
bed, bedde, Icel. be/r, Dan.
bed, Sw. b\'84dd, Goth. badi,
OHG. betti, G. bett, bette, bed,
beet a plat of ground; all of uncertain origin.]
1. An article of furniture to sleep or take rest in
or on; a couch. Specifically: A sack or mattress, filled with
some soft material, in distinction from the bedstead on which it
is placed (as, a feather bed), or this with the
bedclothes added. In a general sense, any thing or place used for
sleeping or reclining on or in, as a quantity of hay, straw,
leaves, or twigs.
And made for him [a horse] a leafy bed.
Byron.
I wash, wring, brew, bake, . . . make the beds.
Shak.
In bed he slept not for my urging it.
Shak.
2. (Used as the symbol of matrimony)
Marriage.
George, the eldest son of his second bed.
Clarendon.
3. A plat or level piece of ground in a garden,
usually a little raised above the adjoining ground.
\'bdBeds of hyacinth and roses.\'b8
Milton.
4. A mass or heap of anything arranged like a bed;
as, a bed of ashes or coals.
5. The bottom of a watercourse, or of any body of
water; as, the bed of a river.
So sinks the daystar in the ocean bed.
Milton.
6. (Geol.) A layer or seam, or a
horizontal stratum between layers; as, a bed of
coal, iron, etc.
7. (Gun.) See Gun carriage, and
Mortar bed.
8. (Masonry) (a) The horizontal
surface of a building stone; as, the upper and lower
beds. (b) A course of stone or
brick in a wall. (c) The place or material in
which a block or brick is laid. (d) The lower
surface of a brick, slate, or tile.
Knight.
9. (Mech.) The foundation or the more
solid and fixed part or framing of a machine; or a part on which
something is laid or supported; as, the bed of an
engine.
10. The superficial earthwork, or ballast, of a
railroad.
11. (Printing) The flat part of the
press, on which the form is laid.
Bed is much used adjectively or in
combination; as, bed key or bedkey; bed
wrench or bedwrench; bedchamber;
bedmaker, etc.
Bed of justice (French Hist.), the
throne (F. lit bed) occupied by the king when sitting
in one of his parliaments (judicial courts); hence, a session of
a refractory parliament, at which the king was present for the
purpose of causing his decrees to be registered. -- To
be brought to bed, to be delivered of a child; -- often
followed by of; as, to be brought to bed of a
son. -- To make a bed, to prepare a bed; to
arrange or put in order a bed and its bedding. -- From
bed and board (Law), a phrase applied to a
separation by partial divorce of man and wife, without dissolving
the bonds of matrimony. If such a divorce (now commonly called a
judicial separation) be granted at the instance of the
wife, she may have alimony.
Bed, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bedded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bedding.] 1. To place in a
bed. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. To make partaker of one's bed; to cohabit
with.
I'll to the Tuscan wars, and never bed her.
Shak.
3. To furnish with a bed or bedding.
4. To plant or arrange in beds; to set, or cover,
as in a bed of soft earth; as, to bed the roots of a
plant in mold.
5. To lay or put in any hollow place, or place of
rest and security, surrounded or inclosed; to embed; to furnish
with or place upon a bed or foundation; as, to bed a
stone; it was bedded on a rock.
Among all chains or clusters of mountains where large bodies
of still water are bedded.
Wordsworth.
6. (Masonry) To dress or prepare the
surface of stone) so as to serve as a bed.
7. To lay flat; to lay in order; to place in a
horizontal or recumbent position. \'bdBedded
hair.\'b8
Shak.
Bed (?), v. i. To go to bed; to
cohabit.
If he be married, and bed with his wife.
Wiseman.
Be*dab*ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedabbled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedabbling
(/).] To dabble; to sprinkle or
wet.
Shak.
Be*daff" (?), v. t. To make a
daff or fool of. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Bed"a*gat (?), n. The
sacred books of the Buddhists in Burmah.
Malcom.
Be*dag"gle (?), v. t. To
daggle.
Be*dash" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedashed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedashing.]
To wet by dashing or throwing water or other liquid upon; to
bespatter. \'bdTrees bedashed with rain.\'b8
Shak.
Be*daub" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedaubed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedaubing.]
To daub over; to besmear or soil with anything thick and
dirty.
Bedaub foul designs with a fair varnish.
Barrow.
Be*daz"zle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedazzled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedazzling
(/).] To dazzle or make dim by a strong
light. \'bdBedazzled with the sun.\'b8
Shak.
Bed"bug` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A wingless, bloodsucking, hemipterous
insect (Cimex Lectularius), sometimes infesting houses
and especially beds. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Bed"chair` (?), n. A chair with
adjustable back, for the sick, to support them while sitting up
in bed.
Bed"cham`ber (?), n. A chamber
for a bed; an apartment form sleeping in.
Shak.
Lords of the bedchamber, eight officers of the
royal household, all of noble families, who wait in turn a week
each. [Eng.] -- Ladies of the
bedchamber, eight ladies, all titled, holding a similar
official position in the royal household, during the reign of a
queen. [Eng.]
Bed"clothes` (?), n. pl.
Blankets, sheets, coverlets, etc., for a bed.
Shak.
Bed"cord` (?), n. A cord or
rope interwoven in a bedstead so as to support the bed.
Bed"ded (?), a. Provided with a
bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged
in a bed or beds.
Bed"ding (?), n. [AS.
bedding, beding. See Bed.]
1. A bed and its furniture; the materials of a bed,
whether for man or beast; bedclothes; litter.
2. (Geol.) The state or position of beds
and layers.
Bede (?), v. t. [See
Bid, v. t.] To pray; also, to
offer; to proffer. [Obs.]
R. of Gloucester. Chaucer.
Bede, n. (Mining) A kind of
pickax.
Be*deck" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedecked (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedecking.]
To deck, ornament, or adorn; to grace.
Bedecked with boughs, flowers, and garlands.
Pennant.
{ \'d8Bed"e*guar, Bed"e*gar }
(?), n. [F., fr. Per.
b\'bed-\'beward, or b\'bed-\'bewardag,
prop., a kind of white thorn or thistle.] A gall
produced on rosebushes, esp. on the sweetbrier or eglantine, by a
puncture from the ovipositor of a gallfly (Rhodites
ros\'91). It was once supposed to have medicinal
properties.
Bede"house` (?),n.Same as
Beadhouse.
{ Be"del, Be"dell }
(?),n.Same as Beadle.
Be"del*ry (?), n.
Beadleship. [Obs.]
Blount.
\'d8Bed"en (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Abyssinian or Arabian ibex
(Capra Nubiana). It is probably the wild goat of the
Bible.
Bedes"man (?), n. Same as
Beadsman. [Obs.]
Be*dev"il (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedevilled (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedeviling or
Bedevilling.] 1. To throw into
utter disorder and confusion, as if by the agency of evil
spirits; to bring under diabolical influence; to torment.
Bedeviled and used worse than St. Bartholomew.
Sterne.
2. To spoil; to corrupt.
Wright.
Be*dev"il*ment (?), n. The
state of being bedeviled; bewildering confusion; vexatious
trouble. [Colloq.]
Be*dew" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedewed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedewing.]
To moisten with dew, or as with dew. \'bdFalling tears
his face bedew.\'b8
Dryden.
Be*dew"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, bedews.
Be*dew"y (?), a. Moist with
dew; dewy. [Obs.]
Night with her bedewy wings.
A. Brewer.
Bed"fel`low (?), n. One who
lies with another in the same bed; a person who shares one's
couch.
{ Bed"fere` Bed"phere` } (?),
n. [Bed + AS. fera a
companion.] A bedfellow. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Bed"gown` (?), n. A
nightgown.
Be*dight" (?), v. t.
[p. p. Bedight,
Bedighted.] To bedeck; to array or
equip; to adorn. [Archaic]
Milton.
Be*dim" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedimmed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedimming.]
To make dim; to obscure or darken.
Shak.
Be*diz"en (?), v. t. To dress
or adorn tawdrily or with false taste.
Remnants of tapestried hangings, . . . and shreds of pictures
with which he had bedizened his tatters.
Sir W. Scott.
Be*diz"en*ment (?), n. That
which bedizens; the act of dressing, or the state of being
dressed, tawdrily.
Bed"key` (?), n. An instrument
for tightening the parts of a bedstead.
Bed"lam (?), n. [See
Bethlehem.] 1. A place appropriated
to the confinement and care of the insane; a madhouse.
Abp. Tillotson.
2. An insane person; a lunatic; a madman.
[Obs.]
Let's get the bedlam to lead him.
Shak.
3. Any place where uproar and confusion
prevail.
Bed"lam, a. Belonging to, or fit for, a
madhouse. \'bdThe bedlam, brainsick duchess.\'b8
Shak.
Bed"lam*ite (?), n. An
inhabitant of a madhouse; a madman. \'bdRaving
bedlamites.\'b8
Beattie.
Bed"mak`er (?), n. One who
makes beds.
<-- p. 131 -->
{ Bed"-mold`ing Bed"-mould`ing}
(?), n. (Arch.) The molding
of a cornice immediately below the corona.
Oxf. Gloss.
Be*dote" (?), v. t. To cause to
dote; to deceive. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bed"ou*in (?), n. [F.
b\'82douin, OF. b\'82duin, fr. Ar.
bedaw\'c6 rural, living in the desert, fr.
badw desert, fr. bad\'be to live in the
desert, to lead a nomadic life.] One of the nomadic
Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria,
and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts. --
Bed"ou*in*ism (/),
n.
Bed"ou*in, a. Pertaining to the
Bedouins; nomad.
Bed"pan` (?), n. 1. A
pan for warming beds.
Nares.
2. A shallow chamber vessel, so constructed that it
can be used by a sick person in bed.
Bed"phere` (?), n. See
Bedfere. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
{ Bed"piece` (?), Bed"plate`
(?), } n. (Mach.) The
foundation framing or piece, by which the other parts are
supported and held in place; the bed; -- called also
baseplate and
soleplate.
Bed"post` (?), n. 1.
One of the four standards that support a bedstead or the
canopy over a bedstead.
2. Anciently, a post or pin on each side of the bed
to keep the clothes from falling off. See
Bedstaff.
Brewer.
Bed"quilt` (?), n. A quilt for
a bed; a coverlet.
Be*drab"ble (?), v. t. To
befoul with rain and mud; to drabble.
Be*drag"gle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedraggled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Bedraggling
(/).] To draggle; to soil, as
garments which, in walking, are suffered to drag in dust, mud,
etc.
Swift.
Be*drench" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching.]
To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak.
Shak.
Be*drib"ble (?), v. t. To
dribble upon.
{ Bed"rid` (?), Bed"rid`den
(?), } a. [OE. bedrede,
AS. bedreda, bedrida; from bed,
bedd, a bed or couch + ridda a rider; cf.
OHG. pettiriso, G. bettrise. See
Bed, n., and Ride, v. i.
] Confined to the bed by sickness or infirmity.
\'bdHer decrepit, sick, and bedrid father.\'b8
Shak. \'bdThe estate of a bedridden old
gentleman.\'b8 Macaulay.
{ Bed"right` Bed"rite` } (?),
n. [Bed + right,
rite.] The duty or privilege of the
marriage bed.
Shak.
Be*driz"zle (?), v. t. To
drizzle upon.
Bed" rock" (?). (Mining) The
solid rock underlying superficial formations. Also
Fig.
Bed"room (?), n. 1. A
room or apartment intended or used for a bed; a lodging
room.
2. Room in a bed. [In this sense
preferably bed room.]
Then by your side no bed room me deny.
Shak.
Be*drop" (?), v. t. To
sprinkle, as with drops.
The yellow carp, in scales bedropped with gold.
Pope.
Be*drug" (?), v. t. To drug
abundantly or excessively.
Bed" screw` (?). 1. (Naut.)
A form of jack screw for lifting large bodies, and assisting in
launching.
2. A long screw formerly used to fasten a bedpost
to one of the adjacent side pieces.
Bed"side` (?), n. The side of a
bed.
Bed"site` (?), n. A recess in a
room for a bed.
Of the three bedrooms, two have fireplaces, and all are of
fair size, with windows and bedsite well placed.
Quart. Rev.
Bed"sore` (?), n. (Med.)
A sore on the back or hips caused by lying for a long time
in bed.
Bed"spread` (?), n. A bedquilt;
a counterpane; a coverlet. [U. S.]
Bed"staff` (?), n.; pl.
Bedstaves (/). \'bdA wooden pin
stuck anciently on the sides of the bedstead, to hold the clothes
from slipping on either side.\'b8
Johnson.
Hostess, accommodate us with a bedstaff.
B. Jonson.
Say there is no virtue in cudgels and
bedstaves.
Brome.
Bed"stead (?), n.
[Bed + stead a frame.] A
framework for supporting a bed.
Bed" steps` (?). Steps for mounting a bed
of unusual height.
Bed"stock (?), n. The front or
the back part of the frame of a bedstead. [Obs. or
Dial. Eng.]
Bed"straw` (?), n. 1.
Straw put into a bed.
Bacon.
2. (Bot.) A genus of slender herbs,
usually with square stems, whorled leaves, and small white
flowers.
Our Lady's bedstraw, which has yellow flowers,
is Galium verum. -- White bedstraw
is G. mollugo.
Bed"swerv`er (?), n. One who
swerves from and is unfaithful to the marriage vow.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Bed"tick` (?), n. A tick or bag
made of cloth, used for inclosing the materials of a bed.
Bed"time` (?), n. The time to
go to bed.
Shak.
Be*duck" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beducked
(/).] To duck; to put the head under
water; to immerse. \'bdDeep himself
beducked.\'b8
Spenser.
Bed"uin (?), n. See
Bedouin.
Be*dung" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedunged
(#).] To cover with dung, as for
manuring; to bedaub or defile, literally or figuratively.
Bp. Hall.
Be*dust" (?), v. t. To
sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust.
Sherwood.
Bed"ward (?), adv. Towards
bed.
Be*dwarf" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedwarfed
(#).] To make a dwarf of; to stunt or
hinder the growth of; to dwarf.
Donne.
Be*dye" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bedyed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bedyeing.]
To dye or stain.
Briton fields with Sarazin blood bedyed.
Spenser.
Bee (?), p. p. of Be;
-- used for been. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bee (?), n. [AS.
be\'a2; akin to D. bij and bije,
Icel. b/, Sw. & Dan. bi, OHG.
pini, G. biene, and perh. Ir.
beach, Lith. bitis, Skr. bha.
1. (Zo\'94l.) An insect
of the order Hymenoptera, and family
Apid\'91 (the honeybees), or family
Andrenid\'91 (the solitary bees.) See
Honeybee.
Apis mellifica) lives in swarms, each of
which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very
numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the A.
mellifica there are other species and varieties of
honeybees, as the A. ligustica of Spain and Italy; the
A. Indica of India; the A. fasciata of
Egypt. The bumblebee is a species of
Bombus. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to
Melipoma and Trigona.
2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in
united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; as,
a quilting bee; a husking bee; a raising
bee. [U. S.]
The cellar . . . was dug by a bee in a single
day.
S. G. Goodrich.
3. pl. [Prob. fr. AS. be\'a0h
ring, fr. b/gan to bend. See 1st
Bow.] (Naut.) Pieces of hard wood
bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast
stays through; -- called also bee
blocks.
Bee beetle (Zo\'94l.), a beetle
(Trichodes apiarius) parasitic in beehives. --
Bee bird (Zo\'94l.), a bird that eats
the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American
kingbird. -- Bee flower (Bot.), an
orchidaceous plant of the genus Ophrys (O.
apifera), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees,
flies, and other insects. -- Bee fly
(Zo\'94l.), a two winged fly of the family
Bombyliid\'91. Some species, in the larval state, are
parasitic upon bees. -- Bee garden, a garden
or inclosure to set beehives in ; an apiary.
Mortimer. -- Bee glue, a soft, unctuous
matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close
up the cells; -- called also propolis. --
Bee hawk (Zo\'94l.), the honey
buzzard. -- Bee killer (Zo\'94l.),
a large two-winged fly of the family Asilid\'91
(esp. Trupanea apivora) which feeds upon the honeybee.
See Robber fly. -- Bee louse
(Zo\'94l.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect
(Braula c\'91ca) parasitic on hive bees. --
Bee martin (Zo\'94l.), the kingbird
(Tyrannus Carolinensis) which occasionally feeds on
bees. -- Bee moth (Zo\'94l.), a
moth (Galleria cereana) whose larv\'91 feed on
honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives. -- Bee
wolf (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the bee
beetle. See Illust. of Bee beetle. --
To have a bee in the head in the
bonnet. (a) To be choleric.
[Obs.] (b) To be restless or
uneasy. B. Jonson. (c) To be full of
fancies; to be a little crazy. \'bdShe's whiles
crack-brained, and has a bee in her head.\'b8 Sir
W. Scott.
Bee"bread` (?), n. A brown,
bitter substance found in some of the cells of honeycomb. It is
made chiefly from the pollen of flowers, which is collected by
bees as food for their young.
Beech (?), n.; pl.
Beeches (#). [OE.
beche, AS. b/ce; akin to D.
beuk, OHG. buocha, G. buche,
Icel. beyki, Dan. b\'94g, Sw.
bok, Russ. buk, L. fagus, Gr.
/ oak, / to eat, Skr.
bhaksh; the tree being named originally from the
esculent fruit. See Book, and cf. 7th Buck,
Buckwheat.] (Bot.) A tree of the
genus Fagus.
Fagus sylvatica is the European species,
and the F. ferruginea that of America.
Beech drops (Bot.), a parasitic
plant which grows on the roots of beeches (Epiphegus
Americana). -- Beech marten
(Zo\'94l.), the stone marten of Europe
(Mustela foina). -- Beech mast,
the nuts of the beech, esp. as they lie under the trees, in
autumn. -- Beech oil, oil expressed from the
mast or nuts of the beech tree. -- Cooper beech,
a variety of the European beech with copper-colored, shining
leaves.
Beech"en (?), a. [AS.
b/cen.] Consisting, or made, of the wood
or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. \'bdPlain
beechen vessels.\'b8
Dryden.
Beech"nut` (?), n. The nut of
the beech tree.
Beech" tree` (?). The beech.
Beech"y (?), a. Of or relating
to beeches.
Bee"-eat`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A bird of the genus
Merops, that feeds on bees. The European species
(M. apiaster) is remarkable for its brilliant
colors. (b) An African bird of the genus
Rhinopomastes.
Beef (?), n. [OE.
boef, befe, beef, OF.
boef, buef, F. b/ef, fr. L.
bos, bovis, ox; akin to Gr. /,
Skr. g/ cow, and E. cow. See 2d
Cow.] 1. An animal of the genus
Bos, especially the common species, B.
taurus, including the bull, cow, and ox, in their full
grown state; esp., an ox or cow fattened for food.
[In this, which is the original sense, the word has a
plural, beeves (/).]
A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine.
Milton.
2. The flesh of an ox, or cow, or of any adult
bovine animal, when slaughtered for food. [In this
sense, the word has no plural.] \'bdGreat meals of
beef.\'b8
Shak.
3. Applied colloquially to human flesh.
Beef (?), a. Of, pertaining to,
or resembling, beef.
Beef tea, essence of beef, or strong beef
broth.
Beef"eat`er (?), n.
[Beef + eater; prob. one who eats
another's beef, as his servant. Cf. AS.
hl\'bef/ta servant, properly a loaf eater.]
1. One who eats beef; hence, a large, fleshy
person.
2. One of the yeomen of the guard, in
England.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An African bird of the
genus Buphaga, which feeds on the larv\'91 of botflies
hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. Two species are
known.
Beef"steak` (?), n. A steak of
beef; a slice of beef broiled or suitable for broiling.
Beef"-wit`ted (?), n. Stupid;
dull.
Shak.
Beef"wood` (?), n. An
Australian tree (Casuarina), and its red wood, used
for cabinetwork; also, the trees Stenocarpus salignus
of New South Wales, and Banksia compar of
Queensland.
Beef"y, a. Having much beef; of the
nature of beef; resembling beef; fleshy.
Bee"hive` (?), n. A hive for a
swarm of bees. Also used figuratively.
beehive was
a domeshaped inverted basket, whence certain ancient Irish and
Scotch architectural remains are called beehive
houses.
Bee"house` (?), n. A house for
bees; an apiary.
Bee" lark`spur (?). (Bot.) See
Larkspur.
Beeld (?), n. Same as
Beild.
Fairfax.
Bee" line` (?). The shortest line from one
place to another, like that of a bee to its hive when loaded with
honey; an air line. \'bdA bee line for the
brig.\'b8
Kane.
Be*el"ze*bub (?), n. The title
of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of
the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See
Baal.
Beem (?), n. [AS.
b/me, b/me.] A
trumpet. [Obs.]
Bee"mas`ter (?), n. One who
keeps bees.
Been (?). [OE. beon,
ben, bin, p. p. of been,
beon, to be. See Be.] The past
participle of Be. In old authors it is also the pr.
tense plural of Be. See 1st Bee.
Assembled been a senate grave and stout.
Fairfax.
Beer (?), n. [OE.
beor, ber, AS. be\'a2r; akin to
Fries. biar, Icel. bj/rr, OHG.
bior, D. & G. bier, and possibly E.
brew. \'fb93, See Brew.] 1.
A fermented liquor made from any malted grain, but commonly
from barley malt, with hops or some other substance to impart a
bitter flavor.
small beer,
ale, porter, brown stout,
lager beer, according to its strength, or other
qualities. See Ale.
2. A fermented extract of the roots and other parts
of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.
Small beer, weak beer; (fig.)
insignificant matters. \'bdTo suckle fools, and chronicle
small beer.\'b8
Shak.
Beer"e*gar (?), n.
[Beer + eager.] Sour
beer. [Obs.]
Beer"house` (?), n. A house
where malt liquors are sold; an alehouse.
Beer"i*ness (?), n. Beery
condition.
Beer"y (?), a. Of or resembling
beer; affected by beer; maudlin.
Beest"ings (?), n. Same as
Biestings.
Bees"wax` (?), n. The wax
secreted by bees, and of which their cells are constructed.
Bees"wing` (?), n. The second
crust formed in port and some other wines after long keeping. It
consists of pure, shining scales of tartar, supposed to resemble
the wing of a bee.
Beet (?), n. [AS.
bete, from L. beta.] 1.
(Bot.) A biennial plant of the genus
Beta, which produces an edible root the first year and
seed the second year.
2. The root of plants of the genus Beta,
different species and varieties of which are used for the table,
for feeding stock, or in making sugar.
Beta vulgaris). The Old \'bdwhite beet\'b8,
cultivated for its edible leafstalks, is a distinct species
(Beta Cicla).
{ Beete, Bete } (?),
v. t. [AS. b/tan to mend. See
Better.] 1. To mend; to
repair. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To renew or enkindle (a fire).
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bee"tle (?), n. [OE.
betel, AS. b\'c6tl, b/tl,
mallet, hammer, fr. be\'a0tan to beat. See
Beat, v. t.] 1. A heavy
mallet, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.
2. A machine in which fabrics are subjected to a
hammering process while passing over rollers, as in cotton mills;
-- called also beetling machine.
Knight.
<-- p. 132 -->
Bee"tle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beetled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beetling.] 1. To beat with a
heavy mallet.
2. To finish by subjecting to a hammering process
in a beetle or beetling machine; as, to beetle
cotton goods.
Bee"tle, n. [OE. bityl,
bittle, AS. b/tel, fr. b/tan
to bite. See Bite, v. t.] Any
insect of the order Coleoptera, having four wings, the outer pair
being stiff cases for covering the others when they are folded
up. See Coleoptera.
Beetle mite (Zo\'94l.), one of many
species of mites, of the family Oribatid\'91,
parasitic on beetles. -- Black beetle, the
common large black cockroach (Blatta
orientalis).
Bee"tle, v. i. [See
Beetlebrowed.] To extend over and beyond the
base or support; to overhang; to jut.
To the dreadful summit of the cliff
That beetles o'er his base into the sea.
Shak.
Each beetling rampart, and each tower sublime.
Wordsworth.
Bee"tle brow` (?). An overhanging
brow.
Bee"tle-browed` (?), a. [OE.
bitelbrowed; cf. OE. bitel, adj., sharp,
projecting, n., a beetle. See Beetle an insect.]
Having prominent, overhanging brows; hence, lowering or
sullen.
Bee"tle*head` (?), n.
[Beetle a mallet + head.]
1. A stupid fellow; a blockhead.
Sir W. Scott.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The black-bellied plover,
or bullhead (Squatarola helvetica). See
Plover.
Bee"tle-head`ed (?), a. Dull;
stupid.
Shak.
Bee"tle*stock` (?), n. The
handle of a beetle.
Beet" rad`ish (?). Same as
Beetrave.
Beet"rave` (?), n. [F.
betterave; bette beet + rave
radish.] The common beet (Beta
vulgaris).
Beeve (?), n. [Formed from
beeves, pl. of beef.] A beef; a
beef creature.
They would knock down the first beeve they met
with.
W. Irving.
Beeves (?), n.; plural of
Beef, the animal.
Be*fall" (?), v. t.
[imp. Befell (?); p.
p. Befallen (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Befalling.] [AS.
befeallan; pref. be- + feallan
to fall.] To happen to.
I beseech your grace that I may know
The worst that may befall me.
Shak.
Be*fall", v. i. To come to pass; to
happen.
I have revealed . . . the discord which befell.
Milton.
Be*fit" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Befitting.] To be
suitable to; to suit; to become.
That name best befits thee.
Milton.
Be*fit"ting, a. Suitable; proper;
becoming; fitting.
Be*fit"ting*ly, adv. In a befitting
manner; suitably.
Be*flat"ter (?), v. t. To
flatter excessively.
Be*flow"er (?), v. t. To
besprinkle or scatter over with, or as with, flowers.
Hobbes.
Be*fog" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befogged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Befogging
(#).] 1. To involve in a fog;
-- mostly as a participle or part. adj.
2. Hence: To confuse; to mystify.
Be*fool" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befooled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Befooling.] [OE. befolen;
pref. be- + fol fool.] 1.
To fool; to delude or lead into error; to infatuate; to
deceive.
This story . . . contrived to befool credulous
men.
Fuller.
2. To cause to behave like a fool; to make
foolish. \'bdSome befooling drug.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Be*fore" (?), prep. [OE.
beforen, biforen, before, AS.
beforan; pref. be- + foran,
fore, before. See Be-, and
Fore.] 1. In front of; preceding in
space; ahead of; as, to stand before the fire;
before the house.
His angel, who shall go
Before them in a cloud and pillar of fire.
Milton.
2. Preceding in time; earlier than; previously to;
anterior to the time when; -- sometimes with the additional idea
of purpose; in order that.
Before Abraham was, I am.
John viii. 58.
Before this treatise can become of use, two points
are necessary.
Swift.
before, in this sense, was
followed by that. \'bdBefore that Philip
called thee . . . I saw thee.\'b8
John i. 48.
3. An advance of; farther onward, in place or
time.
The golden age . . . is before us.
Carlyle.
4. Prior or preceding in dignity, order, rank,
right, or worth; rather than.
He that cometh after me is preferred before me.
John i. 15.
The eldest son is before the younger in
succession.
Johnson.
5. In presence or sight of; face to face with;
facing.
Abraham bowed down himself before the people.
Gen. xxiii. 12.
Wherewith shall I come before the Lord?
Micah vi. 6.
6. Under the cognizance or jurisdiction of.
If a suit be begun before an archdeacon.
Ayliffe.
7. Open for; free of access to; in the power
of.
The world was all before them where to choose.
Milton.
Before the mast (Naut.), as a
common sailor, -- because the sailors live in the forecastle,
forward of the foremast. -- Before the wind
(Naut.), in the direction of the wind and by its
impulse; having the wind aft.
Be*fore", adv. 1. On the fore
part; in front, or in the direction of the front; -- opposed to
in the rear.
The battle was before and behind.
2 Chron. xiii. 14.
2. In advance. \'bdI come before
to tell you.\'b8
Shak.
3. In time past; previously; already.
You tell me, mother, what I knew before.
Dryden.
4. Earlier; sooner than; until then.
When the butt is out, we will drink water; not a drop
before.
Shak.
Before is often used in self-explaining
compounds; as, before-cited,
before-mentioned; beforesaid.
Be*fore"hand` (?), adv.
[Before + hand.]
1. In a state of anticipation ore preoccupation; in
advance; -- often followed by with.
Agricola . . . resolves to be beforehand with the
danger.
Milton.
The last cited author has been beforehand with
me.
Addison.
2. By way of preparation, or preliminary;
previously; aforetime.
They may be taught beforehand the skill of
speaking.
Hooker.
Be*fore"hand`, a. In comfortable
circumstances as regards property; forehanded.
Rich and much beforehand.
Bacon.
Be*fore"time` (?), adv.
Formerly; aforetime.
[They] dwelt in their tents, as beforetime.
2 Kings xiii. 5.
Be*for"tune (?), v. t. To
befall. [Poetic]
I wish all good befortune you.
Shak.
Be*foul" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befouled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Befouling.] [Cf. AS.
bef/lan; pref. be- + f/lan
to foul. See Foul, a.] 1.
To make foul; to soil.
2. To entangle or run against so as to impede
motion.
Be*friend" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befriended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Befriending.] To act
as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance.
By the darkness befriended.
Longfellow.
Be*friend"ment (?), n. Act of
befriending. [R.]
Be*frill" (?), v. t. To furnish
or deck with a frill.
Be*fringe" (?), v. t. To
furnish with a fringe; to form a fringe upon; to adorn as with
fringe.
Fuller.
Be*fud"dle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Befuddled
(#)] To becloud and confuse, as with
liquor.
Beg (?), n. [Turk.
beg, pronounced bay. Cf. Bey,
Begum.] A title of honor in Turkey and in
some other parts of the East; a bey.
Beg (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Begged (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Begging.] [OE.
beggen, perh. fr. AS. bedecian (akin to
Goth. bedagwa beggar), biddan to ask. (Cf.
Bid, v. t.); or cf. beghard,
beguin.] 1. To ask earnestly for;
to entreat or supplicate for; to beseech.
I do beg your good will in this case.
Shak.
[Joseph] begged the body of Jesus.
Matt. xxvii. 58.
Sometimes implying deferential and respectful, rather than
earnest, asking; as, I beg your pardon; I
beg leave to disagree with you.
2. To ask for as a charity, esp. to ask for
habitually or from house to house.
Yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken, nor his seed
begging bread.
Ps. xxxvii. 25.
3. To make petition to; to entreat; as, to beg
a person to grant a favor.
4. To take for granted; to assume without
proof.
5. (Old Law) To ask to be appointed
guardian for, or to ask to have a guardian appointed for.
Else some will beg thee, in the court of wards.
Harrington.
Hence: To beg (one) for a fool, to take him
for a fool.
I beg to, is an elliptical expression for
I beg leave to; as, I beg to inform you.
-- To bag the question, to assume that which was
to be proved in a discussion, instead of adducing the proof or
sustaining the point by argument. -- To go
a-begging, a figurative phrase to express the absence
of demand for something which elsewhere brings a price; as,
grapes are so plentiful there that they go
a-begging.
Syn. -- To Beg, Ask,
Request. To ask
(not in the sense of inquiring) is the generic term which
embraces all these words. To request is only a polite
mode of asking. To beg, in its original sense, was to
ask with earnestness, and implied submission, or at least
deference. At present, however, in polite life, beg
has dropped its original meaning, and has taken the place of both
ask and request, on the ground of its
expressing more of deference and respect. Thus, we beg
a person's acceptance of a present; we beg him to
favor us with his company; a tradesman begs to
announce the arrival of new goods, etc. Crabb remarks that,
according to present usage, \'bdwe can never talk of
asking a person's acceptance of a thing, or of
asking him to do us a favor.\'b8 This can be more
truly said of usage in England than in America.
Beg, v. i. To ask alms or charity,
especially to ask habitually by the wayside or from house to
house; to live by asking alms.
I can not dig; to beg I am ashamed.
Luke xvi. 3.
\'d8Be"ga (?), n. See
Bigha.
Be*gem" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Begemmed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Begemming.] To adorn with gems, or as
with gems.
Begemmed with dewdrops.
Sir W. Scott.
Those lonely realms bright garden isles begem.
Shelley.
Be*get" (?), v. t.
[imp. Begot (?),
(Archaic) Begat (/); p.
p. Begot, Begotten (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Begetting.]
[OE. bigiten, bigeten, to get, beget,
AS. begitan to get; pref. be- +
gitan. See Get, v. t. ]
1. To procreate, as a father or sire; to generate;
-- commonly said of the father.
Yet they a beauteous offspring shall beget.
Milton.
2. To get (with child.) [Obs.]
Shak.
3. To produce as an effect; to cause to
exist.
Love is begot by fancy.
Granville.
Be*get"ter (?), n. One who
begets; a father.
Beg"ga*ble (?), a. Capable of
being begged.
Beg"gar (?), n. [OE.
beggere, fr. beg.] 1.
One who begs; one who asks or entreats earnestly, or with
humility; a petitioner.
2. One who makes it his business to ask alms.
3. One who is dependent upon others for support; --
a contemptuous or sarcastic use.
4. One who assumes in argument what he does not
prove.
Abp. Tillotson.
Beg"gar, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beggared (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Beggaring.] 1. To
reduce to beggary; to impoverish; as, he had
beggared himself.
Milton.
2. To cause to seem very poor and inadequate.
It beggared all description.
Shak.
Beg"gar*hood (?), n. The
condition of being a beggar; also, the class of beggars.
Beg"gar*ism (?), n.
Beggary. [R.]
Beg"gar*li*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being beggarly; meanness.
Beg"gar*ly (?), a. 1.
In the condition of, or like, a beggar; suitable for a
beggar; extremely indigent; poverty-stricken; mean; poor;
contemptible. \'bdA bankrupt, beggarly
fellow.\'b8 South. \'bdA beggarly
fellowship.\'b8 Swift. \'bdBeggarly
elements.\'b8 Gal. iv. 9.
2. Produced or occasioned by beggary.
[Obs.]
Beggarly sins, that is, those sins which idleness
and beggary usually betray men to; such as lying, flattery,
stealing, and dissimulation.
Jer. Taylor.
Beg"gar*ly, adv. In an indigent, mean,
or despicable manner; in the manner of a beggar.
Beg"gar's lice` (?). (Bot.) The
prickly fruit or seed of certain plants (as some species of
Echinospermum and Cynoglossum) which cling
to the clothing of those who brush by them.
Beg"gar's ticks` (?). The bur marigold
(Bidens) and its achenes, which are armed with barbed
awns, and adhere to clothing and fleeces with unpleasant
tenacity.
Beg"gar*y (?), n. [OE.
beggerie. See Beggar, n.]
1. The act of begging; the state of being a beggar;
mendicancy; extreme poverty.
2. Beggarly appearance. [R.]
The freedom and the beggary of the old studio.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- Indigence; want; penury; mendicancy.
Beg"gar*y, a. Beggarly.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Beg"ge*stere (?), n.
[Beg + -ster.] A
beggar. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Be*ghard" Be*guard" }
(?), n. [F. b\'82gard,
b\'82guard; cf. G. beghard, LL.
Beghardus, Begihardus, Begardus.
Prob. from the root of beguine + -ard or
-hard. See Beguine.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of an association of religious laymen
living in imitation of the Beguines. They arose in the thirteenth
century, were afterward subjected to much persecution, and were
suppressed by Innocent X. in 1650. Called also
Beguins.
Be*gild" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Begilded or
Begilt (#).] To gild.
B. Jonson.
Be*gin" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Began (#),
Begun (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beginning (#).] [AS.
beginnan (akin to OS. biginnan, D. & G.
beginnen, OHG. biginnan, Goth.,
du-ginnan, Sw. begynna, Dan.
begynde); pref. be- + an assumed
ginnan. Gin to begin.]
1. To have or commence an independent or first
existence; to take rise; to commence.
Vast chain of being! which from God began.
Pope.
2. To do the first act or the first part of an
action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or
state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to
start. \'bdTears began to flow.\'b8
Dryden.
When I begin, I will also make an end.
1 Sam. iii. 12.
Be*gin", v. t. 1. To enter on;
to commence.
Ye nymphs of Solyma ! begin the song.
Pope.
2. To trace or lay the foundation of; to make or
place a beginning of.
The apostle begins our knowledge in the creatures,
which leads us to the knowledge of God.
Locke.
Syn. -- To commence; originate; set about; start.
Be*gin", n. Beginning.
[Poetic & Obs.]
Spenser.
Be*gin"ner (?), n. One who
begins or originates anything. Specifically: A young or
inexperienced practitioner or student; a tyro.
A sermon of a new beginner.
Swift.
Be*gin"ning (?), n. 1.
The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of
an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a
course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts
or states.
In the beginning God created the heaven and the
earth.
Gen. i. 1.
2. That which begins or originates something; the
first cause; origin; source.
I am . . . the beginning and the ending.
Rev. i. 8.
3. That which is begun; a rudiment or
element.
Mighty things from small beginnings grow.
Dryden.
4. Enterprise. \'bdTo hinder our
beginnings.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin;
outset; foundation.
Be*gird" (?), v. t.
[imp. Begirt (?),
Begirded; p. p. Begirt; p. pr.
& vb. n. Begirding.] [AS.
begyrdan (akin to Goth. bigairdan); pref.
be- + gyrdan to gird.] 1.
To bind with a band or girdle; to gird.
2. To surround as with a band; to encompass.
Be*gir"dle (?), v. t. To
surround as with a girdle.
Be*girt" (?), v. t. To
encompass; to begird.
Milton.
\'d8Beg"ler*beg` (?), n. [Turk.
beglerbeg, fr. beg, pl. begler.
See Beg, n.] The governor of a
province of the Ottoman empire, next in dignity to the grand
vizier.
Be*gnaw" (?), v. t.
[p. p. Begnawed (?),
(R.) Begnawn (/).]
[AS. begnagan; pref. be- +
gnagan to gnaw.] To gnaw; to eat away; to
corrode.
The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul.
Shak.
Be*god" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Begodded.] To exalt to the dignity of a
god; to deify. [Obs.] \'bdBegodded
saints.\'b8
South.
Be*gone" (?), interj.
[Be, v. i. + gone, p. p.]
Go away; depart; get you gone.
Be*gone", p. p. [OE. begon,
AS. big\'ben; pref. be- + g\'ben
to go.] Surrounded; furnished; beset; environed (as in
woe-begone). [Obs.]
Gower. Chaucer.
Be*go"ni*a (?), n. [From Michel
Begon, a promoter of botany.] (Bot.)
A genus of plants, mostly of tropical America, many species
of which are grown as ornamental plants. The leaves are curiously
one-sided, and often exhibit brilliant colors.
<-- p. 133 -->
Be*gore" (?), v. t. To besmear
with gore.
Be*got" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Beget.
Be*got"ten (?), p. p. of
Beget.
Be*grave" (?), v. t. [Pref.
be- + grave; akin to G.
begraben, Goth. bigraban to dig a ditch
around.] To bury; also, to engrave.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Be*grease" (?), v. t. To soil
or daub with grease or other oily matter.
Be*grime" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Begrimed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Begriming.] To soil with grime or dirt
deeply impressed or rubbed in.
Books falling to pieces and begrimed with dust.
Macaulay.
Be*grim"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, begrimes.
Be*grudge" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Begrudged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Begrudging.] To grudge; to envy the
possession of.
Be*guile" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beguiled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beguiling.] 1. To delude by
guile, artifice, or craft; to deceive or impose on, as by a false
statement; to lure.
The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
Gen. iii. 13.
2. To elude, or evade by craft; to foil.
[Obs.]
When misery could beguile the tyrant's rage.
Shak.
3. To cause the time of to pass without notice; to
relieve the tedium or weariness of; to while away; to
divert.
Ballads . . . to beguile his incessant
wayfaring.
W. Irving.
Syn. -- To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; mislead; amuse;
divert; entertain.
Be*guile"ment (?), n. The act
of beguiling, or the state of being beguiled.
Be*guil"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, beguiles.
Be*guil"ing, a. Alluring by guile;
deluding; misleading; diverting. --
Be*guil"ing*ly, adv.
\'d8Be`guin" (?), n. [F.]
See Beghard.
\'d8Be`gui`nage" (?), n.
[F.] A collection of small houses surrounded by a
wall and occupied by a community of Beguines.
\'d8Be`guine" (?), n. [F.
b\'82guine; LL. beguina,
beghina; fr. Lambert le B\'8ague (the
Stammerer) the founder of the order. (Du
Cange.)] A woman belonging to one of the
religious and charitable associations or communities in the
Netherlands, and elsewhere, whose members live in beguinages and
are not bound by perpetual vows.
\'d8Be"gum (?), n. [Per., fr.
Turk., perh. properly queen mother, fr. Turk. beg (see
Beg, n.) + Ar. umm mother.]
In the East Indies, a princess or lady of high rank.
Malcom.
Be*gun" (?), p. p. of
Begin.
Be*half" (?), n. [OE.
on-behalve in the name of, bihalven by the
side of, fr. AS. healf half, also side, part: akin to
G. halb half, halber on account of. See
Be-, and Half, n.]
Advantage; favor; stead; benefit; interest; profit; support;
defense; vindication.
In behalf of his mistress's beauty.
Sir P. Sidney.
Against whom he had contracted some prejudice in
behalf of his nation.
Clarendon.
In behalf of, in the interest of. --
On behalf of, on account of; on the part
of.
Be*hap"pen (?), v. t. To happen
to. [Obs.]
Be*have" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Behaved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Behaving.] [AS. behabban to
surround, restrain, detain (akin to G. gehaben (obs.)
to have, sich gehaben to behave or carry one's self);
pref. be- + habban to have. See
Have, v. t. ] 1. To
manage or govern in point of behavior; to discipline; to handle;
to restrain. [Obs.]
He did behave his anger ere 't was spent.
Shak.
2. To carry; to conduct; to comport; to manage; to
bear; -- used reflexively.
Those that behaved themselves manfully.
2 Macc. ii. 21.
Be*have", v. i. To act; to conduct; to
bear or carry one's self; as, to behave well or
ill.
behave, he will
be punished. It is also often applied to inanimate objects; as,
the ship behaved splendidly.
Be*hav"ior (?), n. Manner of
behaving, whether good or bad; mode of conducting one's self;
conduct; deportment; carriage; -- used also of inanimate objects;
as, the behavior of a ship in a storm; the
behavior of the magnetic needle.
A gentleman that is very singular in his
behavior.
Steele.
To be upon one's good behavior, To be
put upon one's good behavior, to be in a state
of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of
conduct. -- During good behavior, while (or
so long as) one conducts one's self with integrity and fidelity
or with propriety.
Syn. -- Bearing; demeanor; manner. --
Behavior, Conduct. Behavior is the
mode in which we have or bear ourselves in
the presence of others or toward them; conduct is the
mode of our carrying ourselves forward in the concerns of life.
Behavior respects our manner of acting in particular
cases; conduct refers to the general tenor of our
actions. We may say of soldiers, that their conduct
had been praiseworthy during the whole campaign, and their
behavior admirable in every instance when they met the
enemy.
Be*head" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beheaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Beheading.] [OE.
bihefden, AS. behe\'a0fdian; pref.
be- + he\'a0fod head. See
Head.] To sever the head from; to take off
the head of.
Be*head"al
(?),n.Beheading.
[Modern]
Be*held" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Behold.
Be"he*moth (?), n. [Heb.
behem/th, fr. Egyptian P-ehe-maut
hippopotamus.] An animal, probably the hippopotamus,
described in Job xl. 15-24.
{ Be"hen (?), Behn }
(?), n. [Per. & Ar. bahman,
behmen, an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn,
saffron.] (Bot.) (a) The
Centaurea behen, or saw-leaved centaury.
(b) The Cucubalus behen, or bladder
campion, now called Silene inflata. (c)
The Statice limonium, or sea lavender.
Be*hest" (?), n. [OE.
biheste promise, command, AS. beh/s
promise; pref. be- + h/s command. See
Hest, Hight.] 1. That which
is willed or ordered; a command; a mandate; an injunction.
To do his master's high behest.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A vow; a promise. [Obs.]
The time is come that I should send it her, if I keep the
behest that I have made.
Paston.
Be*hest", v. t. To vow.
[Obs.]
Paston.
Be*hete" (?), v. t. See
Behight. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*hight" (?), v. t.
[imp. Behight; p. p.
Behight, Behoten.] [OE.
bihaten, AS. beh\'betan to vow, promise;
pref. be- + h\'betan to call, command. See
Hight, v.] [Obs. in all its
senses.] 1. To promise; to vow.
Behight by vow unto the chaste Minerve.
Surrey.
2. To give in trust; to commit; to intrust.
The keys are to thy hand behight.
Spenser.
3. To adjudge; to assign by authority.
The second was to Triamond behight.
Spenser.
4. To mean, or intend.
More than heart behighteth.
Mir. for Mag.
5. To consider or esteem to be; to declare to
be.
All the lookers-on him dead behight.
Spenser.
6. To call; to name; to address.
Whom . . . he knew and thus behight.
Spenser.
7. To command; to order.
He behight those gates to be unbarred.
Spenser.
Be*hight", n. A vow; a promise.
[Obs.]
Surrey.
Be*hind" (?), prep. [AS.
behindan; pref. be- + hindan.
See Hind, a.] 1. On the
side opposite the front or nearest part; on the back side of; at
the back of; on the other side of; as, behind a
door; behind a hill.
A tall Brabanter, behind whom I stood.
Bp. Hall.
2. Left after the departure of, whether this be by
removing to a distance or by death.
A small part of what he left behind him.
Pope.
3. Left a distance by, in progress of improvement
Hence: Inferior to in dignity, rank, knowledge, or excellence, or
in any achievement.
I was not a whit behind the very chiefest
apostles.
2 Cor. xi. 5.
Be*hind", adv. 1. At the back
part; in the rear. \'bdI shall not lag
behind.\'b8
Milton.
2. Toward the back part or rear; backward; as,
to look behind.
3. Not yet brought forward, produced, or exhibited
to view; out of sight; remaining.
We can not be sure that there is no evidence
behind.
Locke.
4. Backward in time or order of succession;
past.
Forgetting those things which are behind.
Phil. ii. 13.
5. After the departure of another; as, to stay
behind.
Leave not a rack behind.
Shak.
Be*hind", n. The backside; the
rump. [Low]
Be*hind"hand` (?), adv. & a.
[Behind + hand.]
1. In arrears financially; in a state where
expenditures have exceeded the receipt of funds.
2. In a state of backwardness, in respect to what
is seasonable or appropriate, or as to what should have been
accomplished; not equally forward with some other person or
thing; dilatory; backward; late; tardy; as,
behindhand in studies or in work.
In this also [dress] the country are very much
behindhand.
Addison.
Be*hith"er (?), prep. On this
side of. [Obs.]
Two miles behither Clifden.
Evelyn.
Be*hold" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beheld
(/) (p. p. formerly Beholden
(/), now used only as a p. a.); p. pr.
& vb. n. Beholding.] [OE.
bihalden, biholden, AS.
behealdan to hold, have in sight; pref. be-
+ healdan to hold, keep; akin to G.
behalten to hold, keep. See Hold.]
To have in sight; to see clearly; to look at; to regard with
the eyes.
When he beheld the serpent of brass, he lived.
Num. xxi. 9.
Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin
of the world.
John. i. 29.
Syn. -- To scan; gaze; regard; descry; view; discern.
Be*hold", v. i. To direct the eyes to,
or fix them upon, an object; to look; to see.
And I beheld, and, lo, in the midst of the throne,
. . . a lamb as it had been slain.
Rev. v. 6.
Be*hold"en (?), p. a. [Old p.
p. of behold, used in the primitive sense of the
simple verb hold.] Obliged; bound in
gratitude; indebted.
But being so beholden to the Prince.
Tennyson.
Be*hold"er (?), n. One who
beholds; a spectator.
Be*hold"ing, a. Obliged; beholden.
[Obs.]
I was much bound and beholding to the right
reverend father.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
So much hath Oxford been beholding to her nephews,
or sister's children.
Fuller.
Be*hold"ing, n. The act of seeing;
sight; also, that which is beheld.
Shak.
Be*hold"ing*ness, n., The state of being
obliged or beholden. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Be*hoof" (?), n. [OE. to
bihove for the use of, AS. beh/f advantage, a
word implied in beh/fl\'c6c necessary; akin to Sw.
behof, Dan. behov, G. behuf, and
E. heave, the root meaning to seize, hence
the meanings \'bdto hold, make use of.\'b8 See Heave,
v. t.] Advantage; profit; benefit;
interest; use.
No mean recompense it brings
To your behoof.
Milton.
Be*hoov"a*ble (?), a. Supplying
need; profitable; advantageous. [Obs.]
Udall.
Be*hoove" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Behooved
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Behooving.] [OE. bihoven,
behoven, AS. beh/fian to have need of,
fr. beh/f. See Behoof.] To be
necessary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to
necessity, duty, or convenience; -- mostly used
impersonally.
And thus it behooved Christ to suffer.
Luke xxiv. 46.
[Also written behove.]
Be*hoove" (?), v. i. To be
necessary, fit, or suitable; to befit; to belong as due.
Chaucer.
Be*hoove", n. Advantage; behoof.
[Obs.]
It shall not be to his behoove.
Gower.
Be*hoove"ful (?), a.
Advantageous; useful; profitable.
[Archaic] -- Be*hoove"ful*ly,
adv. -- Be*hoove"ful*ness, n.
[Archaic]
Be*hove" (?), v., and
derivatives. See Behoove, & c.
Be*hove"ly, a. & adv. Useful, or
usefully. [Obs.]
Be*howl" (?), v. t. To howl
at. [Obs.]
The wolf behowls the moon.
Shak.
\'d8Beige (?), n. [F.]
Debeige.
Beild (?), n. [Prob. from the
same root as build, v. t.] A place of
shelter; protection; refuge. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.] [Also written bield and
beeld.]
The random beild o' clod or stane.
Burns.
Be"ing (?), p. pr. from Be.
Existing.
Being was formerly used where we now use
having. \'bdBeing to go to a ball in a few
days.\'b8 Miss Edgeworth.
is, are,
was or were being, with a past participle
following (as built, made, etc.) indicates
the process toward the completed result expressed by the
participle. The form is or was building, in
this passive signification, is idiomatic, and, if free from
ambiguity, is commonly preferable to the modern is or
was being built. The last form of speech is, however,
sufficiently authorized by approved writers. The older expression
was is, or was, a-building or
in building.
A man who is being strangled.
Lamb.
While the article on Burns was being written.
Froude.
Fresh experience is always being
gained.
Jowett (Thucyd. )
Be"ing, n. 1. Existence, as
opposed to nonexistence; state or sphere of existence.
In Him we live, and move, and have our being.
Acts xvii. 28.
2. That which exists in any form, whether it be
material or spiritual, actual or ideal; living existence, as
distinguished from a thing without life; as, a human
being; spiritual beings.
What a sweet being is an honest mind !
Beau. & Fl.
A Being of infinite benevolence and power.
Wordsworth.
3. Lifetime; mortal existence.
[Obs.]
Claudius, thou
Wast follower of his fortunes in his being.
Webster (1654).
4. An abode; a cottage. [Prov.
Eng.]
Wright.
It was a relief to dismiss them [Sir Roger's servants] into
little beings within my manor.
Steele.
Be"ing, adv. Since; inasmuch as.
[Obs. or Colloq.]
And being you have
Declined his means, you have increased his malice.
Beau. & Fl.
Be*jade" (?), v. t. To jade or
tire. [Obs.]
Milton.
Be*jape" (?), v. t. To jape; to
laugh at; to deceive. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*jaun"dice (?), v. t. To
infect with jaundice.
Be*jew"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bejeweled or
Bejewelled (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bejeweling or Bejewelling.] To
ornament with a jewel or with jewels; to spangle.
\'bdBejeweled hands.\'b8
Thackeray.
Be*jum"ble (?), v. t. To jumble
together.
\'d8Be"kah (?), n. [Heb.]
Half a shekel.
Be*knave" (?), v. t. To call
knave. [Obs.]
Pope.
Be*know" (?), v. t. To confess;
to acknowledge. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bel (?), n. The Babylonian name
of the god known among the Hebrews as Baal. See
Baal.
Baruch vi. 41.
Be*la"bor (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belabored
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belaboring.] 1. To ply
diligently; to work carefully upon. \'bdIf the earth is
belabored with culture, it yieldeth corn.\'b8
Barrow.
2. To beat soundly; to cudgel.
Ajax belabors there a harmless ox.
Dryden.
Bel`-ac*coyle" (?), n. [F.
bel beautiful + accueil reception.]
A kind or favorable reception or salutation.
[Obs.]
Be*lace" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belaced
(#).]
1. To fasten, as with a lace or cord.
[Obs.]
2. To cover or adorn with lace.
[Obs.]
Beaumont.
3. To beat with a strap. See Lace.
[Obs.]
Wright.
Be*lam" (?), v. t. [See
Lam.] To beat or bang. [Prov. &
Low, Eng.]
Todd.
Bel"a*mour (?), n. [F. bel
amour fair love.] 1. A lover.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A flower, but of what kind is unknown.
[Obs.]
Her snowy brows, like budded belamours.
Spenser.
Bel"a*my (?), n. [F. bel
ami fair friend.] Good friend; dear
friend. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*late" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Belating.] To retard or
make too late.
Davenant.
Be*lat"ed, a. Delayed beyond the usual
time; too late; overtaken by night; benighted. \'bdSome
belated peasant.\'b8 Milton. --
Be*lat"ed*ness, n.
Milton.
Be*laud" (?), v. t. To laud or
praise greatly.
Be*lay" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belaid,
Belayed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belaying.] [For senses 1 & 2, D.
beleggen to cover, belay; akin to E. pref.
be-, and lay to place: for sense 3, OE.
beleggen, AS. belecgan. See pref.
Be-, and Lay to place.] 1.
To lay on or cover; to adorn. [Obs.]
Jacket . . . belayed with silver lace.
Spenser.
2. (Naut.) To make fast, as a rope, by
taking several turns with it round a pin, cleat, or kevel.
Totten.
3. To lie in wait for with a view to assault.
Hence: to block up or obstruct. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Belay thee! Stop.
<-- p. 134 -->
Be*lay"ing pin` (?). (Naut.) A
strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, round which
ropes are wound when they are fastened or belayed.
Belch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belching.] [OE. belken, AS.
bealcan, akin to E. bellow. See
Bellow, v. i.] 1. To
eject or throw up from the stomach with violence; to eruct.
I belched a hurricane of wind.
Swift.
2. To eject violently from within; to cast forth;
to emit; to give vent to; to vent.
Within the gates that now
Stood open wide, belching outrageous flame.
Milton.
Belch, v. i. 1. To eject wind
from the stomach through the mouth; to eructate.
2. To issue with spasmodic force or noise.
Dryden.
Belch, n. 1. The act of
belching; also, that which is belched; an eructation.
2. Malt liquor; -- vulgarly so called as causing
eructation. [Obs.]
Dennis.
Belch"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, belches.
{ Bel"dam Bel"dame } (?),
n. [Pref. bel-, denoting relationship
+ dame mother: cf. F. belledame fair lady,
It. belladonna. See Belle, and
Dame.]
1. Grandmother; -- corresponding to belsire.
To show the beldam daughters of her daughter.
Shak.
2. An old woman in general; especially, an ugly old
woman; a hag.
Around the beldam all erect they hang.
Akenside.
Be*lea"guer (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beleaguered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beleaguering.] [D. belegeren
(akin to G. belagern, Sw. bel\'84gra, Dan.
beleire); pref. be- = E. be- +
leger bed, camp, army, akin to E. lair. See
Lair.] To surround with an army so as to
preclude escape; to besiege; to blockade.
The wail of famine in beleaguered towns.
Longfellow.
Syn. -- To block up; environ; invest; encompass.
Be*lea"guer*er (?), n. One who
beleaguers.
Be*leave" (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Beleft
(#).] To leave or to be left.
[Obs.]
May.
Be*lec"ture (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belectured
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belecturing.] To vex with lectures; to
lecture frequently.
Be*lee" (?), v. t. To place
under the lee, or unfavorably to the wind.
Shak.
Be*lem"nite (?), n. [Gr.
/ dart, fr. / dart, fr. /
to throw: cf. F. b\'82lemnite.]
(Paleon.) A conical calcareous fossil, tapering
to a point at the lower extremity, with a conical cavity at the
other end, where it is ordinarily broken; but when perfect it
contains a small chambered cone, called the phragmocone,
prolonged, on one side, into a delicate concave blade; the
thunderstone. It is the internal shell of a cephalopod related to
the sepia, and belonging to an extinct family. The belemnites are
found in rocks of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages. --
Bel*em*nit"ic, a.
Be*lep"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belepered
(#).] To infect with leprosy.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
\'d8Bel"-es*prit" (?), n.; pl.
Beaux-esprits (#). [F.,
fine wit.] A fine genius, or man of wit. \'bdA
man of letters and a bel esprit.\'b8
W. Irving.
Bel"fry (?), n. [OE.
berfray movable tower used in sieges, OF.
berfreit, berfroit, F. beffroi,
fr. MHG. bervrit, bercvrit, G.
bergfriede, fr. MHG. bergen to protect (G.
bergen to conceal) + vride peace,
protection, G. friede peace; in compounds often taken
in the sense of security, or place of security; orig. therefore a
place affording security. G. friede is akin to E.
free. See Burg, and Free.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.) A movable tower erected
by besiegers for purposes of attack and defense.
2. A bell tower, usually attached to a church or
other building, but sometimes separate; a campanile.
3. A room in a tower in which a bell is or may be
hung; or a cupola or turret for the same purpose.
4. (Naut.) The framing on which a bell
is suspended.
Bel*gard" (?), n. [It. bel
guardo.] A sweet or loving look.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Bel"gi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Belgium. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Belgium.
Bel"gic (?), a. [L.
Belgicus, fr. Belgae the Belgians.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Belg\'91, a
German tribe who anciently possessed the country between the
Rhine, the Seine, and the ocean.
How unlike their Belgic sires of old.
Goldsmith.
2. Of or pertaining to the Netherlands or to
Belgium.
Bel*gra"vi*an (?), a. Belonging
to Belgravia (a fashionable quarter of London, around Pimlico),
or to fashionable life; aristocratic.
Be"li*al (?), n. [Heb.
beli ya'al; beli without + ya'al
profit.] An evil spirit; a wicked and unprincipled
person; the personification of evil.
What concord hath Christ with Belia ?
2 Cor. vi. 15.
A son (or man) of Belial,
a worthless, wicked, or thoroughly depraved person.
1 Sam. ii. 12.
Be*li"bel (?), v. t. [See
Libel, v. t. ] To libel or
traduce; to calumniate.
Fuller.
Be*lie" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belied (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Belying
(#).] [OE. bilien,
bili/en, AS. bele\'a2gan; pref.
be- + le\'a2gan to lie. See Lie,
n.] 1. To show to be false; to
convict of, or charge with, falsehood.
Their trembling hearts belie their boastful
tongues.
Dryden.
2. To give a false representation or account
of.
Should I do so, I should belie my thoughts.
Shak.
3. To tell lie about; to calumniate; to
slander.
Thou dost belie him, Percy, thou dost belie
him.
Shak.
4. To mimic; to counterfeit.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
5. To fill with lies. [Obs.]
\'bdThe breath of slander doth belie all corners of
the world.\'b8
Shak.
Be*lief" (?), n. [OE.
bileafe, bileve; cf. AS.
gele\'a0fa. See Believe.] 1.
Assent to a proposition or affirmation, or the acceptance of
a fact, opinion, or assertion as real or true, without immediate
personal knowledge; reliance upon word or testimony; partial or
full assurance without positive knowledge or absolute certainty;
persuasion; conviction; confidence; as, belief of a
witness; the belief of our senses.
Belief admits of all degrees, from the slightest
suspicion to the fullest assurance.
Reid.
2. (Theol.) A persuasion of the truths
of religion; faith.
No man can attain [to] belief by the bare
contemplation of heaven and earth.
Hooker.
3. The thing believed; the object of belief.
Superstitious prophecies are not only the belief of
fools, but the talk sometimes of wise men.
Bacon.
4. A tenet, or the body of tenets, held by the
advocates of any class of views; doctrine; creed.
In the heat of persecution to which Christian
belief was subject upon its first promulgation.
Hooker.
Ultimate belief, a first principle incapable
of proof; an intuitive truth; an intuition.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Syn. -- Credence; trust; reliance; assurance; opinion.
Be*lief"ful (?), a. Having
belief or faith.
Be*liev"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being believed; credible. --
Be*liev"a*ble*ness, n. --
Be*liev`a*bil"i*ty (/),
n.
Be*lieve" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Believed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Believing.] [OE. bileven
(with pref. be- for AS. ge-), fr. AS.
gel/fan, gel/fan; akin to D.
gelooven, OHG. gilouban, G.
glauben, OS. gil/bian, Goth.
galaubjan, and Goth. liubs dear. See
Lief, a., Leave,
n.] To exercise belief in; to credit upon
the authority or testimony of another; to be persuaded of the
truth of, upon evidence furnished by reasons, arguments, and
deductions of the mind, or by circumstances other than personal
knowledge; to regard or accept as true; to place confidence in;
to think; to consider; as, to believe a person, a
statement, or a doctrine.
Our conqueror (whom I now
Of force believe almighty).
Milton.
King Agrippa, believest thou the prophets ?
Acts xxvi./7.
Often followed by a dependent clause.
I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.
Acts viii. 37.
Syn. -- See Expect.
Be*lieve", v. i. 1. To have a
firm persuasion, esp. of the truths of religion; to have a
persuasion approaching to certainty; to exercise belief or
faith.
Lord, I believe; help thou mine unbelief.
Mark ix. 24.
With the heart man believeth unto
righteousness.
Rom. x. 10.
2. To think; to suppose.
I will not believe so meanly of you.
Fielding.
To believe in. (a) To believe that
the subject of the thought (if a person or thing) exists, or (if
an event) that it has occurred, or will occur; -- as, to
believe in the resurrection of the dead. \'bdShe
does not believe in Jupiter.\'b8 J. H. Newman.
(b) To believe that the character, abilities, and
purposes of a person are worthy of entire confidence; --
especially that his promises are wholly trustworthy. \'bdLet
not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God,
believe also in me.\'b8 John xiv. 1.
(c) To believe that the qualities or effects of an
action or state are beneficial: as, to believe in sea
bathing, or in abstinence from alcoholic
beverages. -- To believe on, to accept
implicitly as an object of religious trust or obedience; to have
faith in.
Be*liev"er (?), n. 1.
One who believes; one who is persuaded of the truth or
reality of some doctrine, person, or thing.
2. (Theol.) One who gives credit to the
truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God; a Christian;
-- in a more restricted sense, one who receives Christ as his
Savior, and accepts the way of salvation unfolded in the
gospel.
Thou didst open the Kingdom of Heaven to all
believers.
Book of Com. Prayer.
3. (Eccl. Hist.) One who was admitted to
all the rights of divine worship and instructed in all the
mysteries of the Christian religion, in distinction from a
catechumen, or one yet under instruction.
Be*liev"ing, a. That believes; having
belief. -- Be*liev"ing*ly,
adv.
Be*light" (?), v. t. To
illuminate. [Obs.]
Cowley.
Be*like" (?), adv. [Pref.
be- (for by) + like.]
It is likely or probably; perhaps. [Obs. or
Archaic] -- Be*like"ly,
adv.
Belike, boy, then you are in love.
Shak.
Be*lime" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belimed
(#).] To besmear or insnare with
birdlime.
Be*lit"tle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belittled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belittling.] To make little or less in
a moral sense; to speak of in a depreciatory or contemptuous
way.
T. Jefferson.
Be*live" (?), adv. [Cf.
Live, a.] Forthwith; speedily;
quickly. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Belk (?), v. t. [See
Belch.] To vomit. [Obs.]
Bell (?), n. [AS.
belle, fr. bellan to bellow. See
Bellow.] 1. A hollow metallic
vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a cup with a flaring mouth,
containing a clapper or tongue, and giving forth a ringing sound
on being struck.
The Liberty Bell, the famous bell of the
Philadelphia State House, which rang when the Continental
Congress declared the Independence of the United States, in 1776.
It had been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words \'bdProclaim
liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants
thereof.\'b8
2. A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a
loose ball which causes it to sound when moved.
3. Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or
corol of a flower. \'bdIn a cowslip's bell I
lie.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Arch.) That part of the capital of a
column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used
for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist
within the leafage of a capital.
5. pl. (Naut.) The strikes
of the bell which mark the time; or the time so designated.
To bear away the bell, to win the prize at a
race where the prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in
something. Fuller. -- To bear the bell,
to be the first or leader; -- in allusion to the bellwether
or a flock, or the leading animal of a team or drove, when
wearing a bell. -- To curse by bell,
book, and candle, a solemn form
of excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the bell
being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose being used, and
three candles being extinguished with certain ceremonies.
Nares. -- To lose the bell, to be worsted
in a contest. \'bdIn single fight he lost the
bell.\'b8 Fairfax. -- To shake the
bells, to move, give notice, or alarm.
Shak.
Bell is much used adjectively or in
combinations; as, bell clapper; bell
foundry; bell hanger; bell-mouthed;
bell tower, etc., which, for the most part, are
self-explaining.
Bell arch (Arch.), an arch of
unusual form, following the curve of an ogee. --
Bell cage, or Bell carriage
(Arch.), a timber frame constructed to carry one
or more large bells. -- Bell cot
(Arch.), a small or subsidiary construction,
frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and used
to contain and support one or more bells. -- Bell
deck (Arch.), the floor of a belfry made to
serve as a roof to the rooms below. -- Bell
founder, one whose occupation it is to found or cast
bells. -- Bell foundry, or Bell
foundery, a place where bells are founded or
cast. -- Bell gable (Arch.), a
small gable-shaped construction, pierced with one or more
openings, and used to contain bells. -- Bell
glass. See Bell jar. -- Bell
hanger, a man who hangs or puts up bells. --
Bell pull, a cord, handle, or knob, connecting
with a bell or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when
pulled. Aytoun. -- Bell punch, a
kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell when used. --
Bell ringer, one who rings a bell or bells, esp.
one whose business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set
of musical bells for public entertainment. -- Bell
roof (Arch.), a roof shaped according to the
general lines of a bell. -- Bell rope, a rope
by which a church or other bell is rung. -- Bell
tent, a circular conical-topped tent. -- Bell
trap, a kind of bell shaped stench trap.
Bell (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Belling.]
To put a bell upon; as, to bell the cat.
2. To make bell-mouthed; as, to bell a
tube.
Bell, v. i. To develop bells or
corollas; to take the form of a bell; to blossom; as, hops
bell.
Bell, v. t. [AS. bellan. See
Bellow.] To utter by bellowing.
[Obs.]
Bell, v. i. To call or bellow, as the
deer in rutting time; to make a bellowing sound; to roar.
As loud as belleth wind in hell.
Chaucer.
The wild buck bells from ferny brake.
Sir W. Scott.
Bel`la*don"na (?), n. [It.,
literally fine lady; bella beautiful +
donna lady.] (Bot.) (a)
An herbaceous European plant (Atropa belladonna)
with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries. The
whole plant and its fruit are very poisonous, and the root and
leaves are used as powerful medicinal agents. Its properties are
largely due to the alkaloid atropine which it contains. Called
also deadly nightshade. (b)
A species of Amaryllis (A.
belladonna); the belladonna lily.
Bell" an`i*mal"cule (?). (Zo\'94l.)
An infusorian of the family Vorticellid\'91,
common in fresh-water ponds.
Bell" bear`er (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
Brazilian leaf hopper (Bocydium tintinnabuliferum),
remarkable for the four bell-shaped appendages of its
thorax.
Bell"bird` (?), n. [So called
from their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A South American bird of the genus Casmarhincos,
and family Cotingid\'91, of several species; the
campanero. (b) The Myzantha
melanophrys of Australia.
Bell" crank` (?). A lever whose two arms
form a right angle, or nearly a right angle, having its fulcrum
at the apex of the angle. It is used in bell pulls and in
changing the direction of bell wires at angles of rooms, etc.,
and also in machinery.
<-- p. 135 -->
Belle (?), n. [F.
belle, fem. of bel, beau,
beautiful, fine. See Beau.] A young lady of
superior beauty and attractions; a handsome lady, or one who
attracts notice in society; a fair lady.
Belled (?), a. Hung with a bell
or bells.
Belle-let"trist (?), n. One
versed in belleslettres.
\'d8Bel*ler"o*phon (?), n.
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil univalve shells,
believed to belong to the Heteropoda, peculiar to the Paleozoic
age.
\'d8Belles-let"tres (?), n. pl.
[F.] Polite or elegant literature; the
humanities; -- used somewhat vaguely for literary works in which
imagination and taste are predominant.
{ Bel`le*tris"tic (?),
Bel`le*tris"tic*al (?), } a.
Occupied with, or pertaining to, belles-lettres.
\'bdAn unlearned, belletristic trifler.\'b8
M. Arnold.
Bell"-faced` (?), a. Having the
striking surface convex; -- said of hammers.
Bell"flow`er (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Campanula; -- so
named from its bell-shaped flowers.
Bell"flow`er, n. [F.
bellefleur, lit., beautiful flower.] A kind
of apple. The yellow bellflower is a large, yellow winter
apple. [Written also bellefleur.]
Bel"li*bone (?), n. [F.
belle et bonne, beautiful and good.] A
woman excelling both in beauty and goodness; a fair maid.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Bel"lic (?), Bel"li*cal
(?), } a. [L. bellicus.
See Bellicose.] Of or pertaining to war;
warlike; martial. [Obs.]
\'bdBellic C\'91sar.\'b8
Feltham.
Bel"li*cose` (?), a. [L.
bellicosus, fr. bellicus of war, fr.
bellum war. See Duel.] Inclined to
war or contention; warlike; pugnacious.
Arnold was, in fact, in a bellicose vein.
W. Irving.
Bel"li*cose`ly, adv. In a bellicose
manner.
Bel"li*cous (?), a.
Bellicose. [Obs.]
Bel"lied (?), a. Having (such) a belly;
puffed out; -- used in composition; as, pot-bellied;
shad-bellied.
{ Bel*lig"er*ence (?),
Bel*lig"er*en*cy (?), } n.
The quality of being belligerent; act or state of making
war; warfare.
Bel*lig"er*ent (?), a. [L.
bellum war + gerens, -entis,
waging, p. pr. of gerere to wage: cf. F.
bellig\'82rant. See Bellicose,
Jest.] 1. Waging war; carrying on
war. \'bdBelligerent powers.\'b8
E. Everett.
2. Pertaining, or tending, to war; of or relating
to belligerents; as, a belligerent tone;
belligerent rights.
Bel*lig"er*ent, n. A nation or state
recognized as carrying on war; a person engaged in warfare.
Bel*lig"er*ent*ly, adv. In a belligerent
manner; hostilely.
Bell"ing (?), n. [From
Bell to bellow.] A bellowing, as of a deer in
rutting time.
Johnson.
Bel*lip"o*tent (?), a. [L.
bellipotens; bellum war + potens
powerful, p. pr. of posse to be
able.] Mighty in war; armipotent.
[R.]
Blount.
Bell" jar` (?). (Phys.) A glass
vessel, varying in size, open at the bottom and closed at the top
like a bell, and having a knob or handle at the top for lifting
it. It is used for a great variety of purposes; as, with the
air pump, and for holding gases, also for keeping the dust from
articles exposed to view.
Bell"man (?), n. A man who
rings a bell, especially to give notice of anything in the
streets. Formerly, also, a night watchman who called the
hours.
Milton.
Bell" met`al (?). A hard alloy or bronze,
consisting usually of about three parts of copper to one of tin;
-- used for making bells.
Bell metal ore, a sulphide of tin, copper, and
iron; the mineral stannite.
Bell"-mouthed` (?), a.
Expanding at the mouth; as, a bell-mouthed
gun.
Byron.
Bel"lon (?), n. Lead
colic.
\'d8Bel*lo"na (?), n. [L., from
bellum war.] (Rom. Myth.) The
goddess of war.
Bel"low (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bellowed ; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bellowing.] [OE.
belwen, belowen, AS. bylgean,
fr. bellan; akin to G. bellen, and perh. to
L. flere to weep, OSlav. bleja to bleat,
Lith. balsas voice. Cf. Bell, n. &
v., Bawl, Bull.] 1.
To make a hollow, loud noise, as an enraged bull.
2. To bowl; to vociferate; to clamor.
Dryden.
3. To roar; as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind
when violent; to make a loud, hollow, continued sound.
The bellowing voice of boiling seas.
Dryden.
Bel"low, v. t. To emit with a loud
voice; to shout; -- used with out. \'bdWould
bellow out a laugh.\'b8
Dryden.
Bel"low, n. A loud resounding outcry or
noise, as of an enraged bull; a roar.
Bel"low*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, bellows.
Bel"lows (?), n. sing. & pl.
[OE. bely, below, belly, bellows, AS.
b\'91lg, b\'91lig, bag, bellows, belly.
Bellows is prop. a pl. and the orig. sense is bag. See
Belly.] An instrument, utensil, or machine,
which, by alternate expansion and contraction, or by rise and
fall of the top, draws in air through a valve and expels it
through a tube for various purposes, as blowing fires,
ventilating mines, or filling the pipes of an organ with
wind.
Bellows camera, in photography, a form of
camera, which can be drawn out like an accordion or
bellows. -- Hydrostatic bellows.
See Hydrostatic. -- A pair of
bellows, the ordinary household instrument for blowing
fires, consisting of two nearly heart-shaped boards with handles,
connected by leather, and having a valve and tube.
Bel"lows fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A European fish (Centriscus scolopax),
distinguished by a long tubular snout, like the pipe of a
bellows; -- called also trumpet fish, and
snipe fish.
Bell" pep`per (?). (Bot.) A
species of Capsicum, or Guinea pepper (C. annuum). It
is the red pepper of the gardens.
Bell"-shaped` (?), a. Having
the shape of a widemouthed bell; campanulate.
Bel"lu*ine (?), a. [L.
belluinus, fr. bellua beast.]
Pertaining to, or like, a beast; brutal.
[R.]
Animal and belluine life.
Atterbury.
Bell"weth`er (?), n. 1.
A wether, or sheep, which leads the flock, with a bell on
his neck.
2. Hence: A leader.
[Contemptuous]
Swift.
Bell"wort" (?), n. (Bot.)
A genus of plants (Uvularia) with yellowish bell-shaped
flowers.
Bel"ly (?), n.; pl.
Bellies (#). [OE. bali,
bely, AS. belg, b\'91lg,
b\'91lig, bag, bellows, belly; akin to Icel.
belgr bag, bellows, Sw. b\'84lg, Dan.
b\'91lg, D. & G. balg, cf. W.
bol the paunch or belly, dim. boly, Ir.
bolg. Cf. Bellows, Follicle,
Fool, Bilge.] 1. That part
of the human body which extends downward from the breast to the
thighs, and contains the bowels, or intestines; the
abdomen.
lower belly being the
abdomen; the middle belly, the thorax; and the
upper belly, the head.
Dunglison.
2. The under part of the body of animals,
corresponding to the human belly.
Underneath the belly of their steeds.
Shak.
3. The womb. [Obs.]
Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee.
Jer. i. 5.
4. The part of anything which resembles the human
belly in protuberance or in cavity; the innermost part; as,
the belly of a flask, muscle, sail, ship.
Out of the belly of hell cried I.
Jonah ii. 2.
5. (Arch.) The hollow part of a curved
or bent timber, the convex part of which is the back.
Belly doublet, a doublet of the 16th century,
hanging down so as to cover the belly. Shak. --
Belly fretting, the chafing of a horse's belly
with a girth. Johnson. -- Belly timber,
food. [Ludicrous] Prior. --
Belly worm, a worm that breeds or lives in the
belly (stomach or intestines). Johnson.
Bel"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bellied (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bellying.] To cause to swell
out; to fill. [R.]
Your breath of full consent bellied his sails.
Shak.
Bel"ly, v. i. To swell and become
protuberant, like the belly; to bulge.
The bellying canvas strutted with the gale.
Dryden.
Bel"ly*ache` (?), n. Pain in
the bowels; colic.
Bel"ly*band` (?), n. 1.
A band that passes under the belly of a horse and holds the
saddle or harness in place; a girth.
2. A band of flannel or other cloth about the
belly.
3. (Naut.) A band of canvas, to
strengthen a sail.
Bel"ly*bound` (/), a.
Costive; constipated.
Bel"ly*cheat` (?), n. An apron
or covering for the front of the person.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Bel"ly*cheer` (?), n. [Perh.
from F. belle ch\'8are.] Good cheer;
viands. [Obs.] \'bdBellycheer and
banquets.\'b8 Rowlands. \'bdLoaves and
bellycheer.\'b8 Milton.
Bel"ly*cheer`, v. i. To revel; to
feast. [Obs.]
A pack of clergymen [assembled] by themselves to
bellycheer in their presumptuous Sion.
Milton.
Bel"ly*ful (?), n. As much as
satisfies the appetite. Hence: A great abundance; more than
enough.
Lloyd.
King James told his son that he would have his
bellyful of parliamentary impeachments.
Johnson.
Bel"ly-god` (?), n. One whose
great pleasure it is to gratify his appetite; a glutton; an
epicure.
Bel"ly-pinched` (?), a. Pinched
with hunger; starved. \'bdThe belly-pinched
wolf.\'b8
Shak.
Be*lock" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Belocked
(#).] [Pref. be- +
lock: cf. AS. bel/can.] To
lock, or fasten as with a lock. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bel"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
/; / arrow + / a diviner:
cf. F. b\'82lomancie.] A kind of divination
anciently practiced by means of marked arrows drawn at random
from a bag or quiver, the marks on the arrows drawn being
supposed to foreshow the future.
Encyc. Brit.
Be*long" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Belonged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Belonging.] [OE. belongen
(akin to D. belangen to concern, G.
belangen to attain to, to concern); pref.
be- + longen to desire. See Long,
v. i.] [Usually construed with
to.] 1. To be the property
of; as, Jamaica belongs to Great
Britain.
2. To be a part of, or connected
with; to be appendant or related; to owe allegiance or
service.
A desert place belonging to . . . Bethsaids.
Luke ix. 10.
The mighty men which belonged to David.
1 Kings i. 8.
3. To be the concern or proper business or function
of; to appertain to. \'bdDo not
interpretations belong to God ?\'b8
Gen. xl. 8.
4. To be suitable for; to be due
to.
Strong meat belongeth to them that are of full
age.
Heb. v. 14.
No blame belongs to thee.
Shak.
5. To be native to, or an inhabitant
of; esp. to have a legal residence, settlement, or
inhabitancy, whether by birth or operation of law, so as to be
entitled to maintenance by the parish or town.
Bastards also are settled in the parishes to which the mothers
belong.
Blackstone.
Be*long" (?), v. t. To be
deserved by. [Obs.]
More evils belong us than happen to us.
B. Jonson.
Be*long"ing, n. [Commonly in the
pl.] 1. That which belongs to one;
that which pertains to one; hence, goods or effects.
\'bdThyself and thy belongings.\'b8
Shak.
2. That which is connected with a principal or
greater thing; an appendage; an appurtenance.
3. Family; relations; household.
[Colloq.]
Few persons of her ladyship's belongings stopped,
before they did her bidding, to ask her reasons.
Thackeray.
Bel"o*nite (?), n. [Gr.
/ a needle.] (Min.) Minute
acicular or dendritic crystalline forms sometimes observed in
glassy volcanic rocks.
{ Bel*oo"che Bel*oo"chee } (?),
a. Of or pertaining to Beloochistan, or to its
inhabitants. -- n. A native or an
inhabitant of Beloochistan.
Be*lord" (?), v. t. 1.
To act the lord over.
2. To address by the title of \'bdlord\'b8.
Be*love" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beloved
(#).] [OE. bilufien. See
pref. Be-, and Love, v. t.]
To love. [Obs.]
Wodroephe.
Be*loved" (?), p. p. & a.
Greatly loved; dear to the heart.
Antony, so well beloved of C\'91sar.
Shak.
This is my beloved Son.
Matt. iii. 17.
Be*lov"ed (?), n. One greatly
loved.
My beloved is mine, and I am his.
Cant. ii. 16.
Be*low" (?), prep. [Pref.
be- by + low.] 1.
Under, or lower in place; beneath not so high; as,
below the moon; below the knee.
Shak.
2. Inferior to in rank, excellence, dignity, value,
amount, price, etc.; lower in quality. \'bdOne degree
below kings.\'b8
Addison.
3. Unworthy of; unbefitting; beneath.
They beheld, with a just loathing and disdain, . . . how
below all history the persons and their actions
were.
Milton.
Who thinks no fact below his regard.
Hallam.
Syn. -- Underneath; under; beneath.
Be*low", adv. 1. In a lower
place, with respect to any object; in a lower room;
beneath.
Lord Marmion waits below.
Sir W. Scott.
2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens.
The fairest child of Jove below.
Prior.
3. In hell, or the regions of the dead.
What businesss brought him to the realms below.
Dryden.
4. In court or tribunal of inferior jurisdiction;
as, at the trial below.
Wheaton.
5. In some part or page following.
Be*lowt" (?), v. t. To treat as
a lout; to talk abusively to. [Obs.]
Camden.
Bel"sire` (?), n. [Pref.
bel- + sire. Cf. Beldam.]
A grandfather, or ancestor. \'bdHis great
belsire Brute.\'b8 [Obs.]
Drayton.
Bel"swag`ger (?), n. [Contr.
from bellyswagger.] A lewd man; also, a
bully. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Belt (?), n. [AS.
belt; akin to Icel. belti, Sw.
b\'84lte, Dan. b\'91lte, OHG.
balz, L. balteus, Ir. & Gael.
balt bo/der, belt.] 1. That
which engirdles a person or thing; a band or girdle; as, a
lady's belt; a sword belt.
The shining belt with gold inlaid.
Dryden.
2. That which restrains or confines as a
girdle.
He cannot buckle his distempered cause
Within the belt of rule.
Shak.
3. Anything that resembles a belt, or that
encircles or crosses like a belt; a strip or stripe; as, a
belt of trees; a belt of sand.
4. (Arch.) Same as Band,
n., 2. A very broad band is more properly termed a
belt.
5. (Astron.) One of certain girdles or
zones on the surface of the planets Jupiter and Saturn, supposed
to be of the nature of clouds.
6. (Geog.) A narrow passage or strait;
as, the Great Belt and the Lesser Belt,
leading to the Baltic Sea.
7. (Her.) A token or badge of knightly
rank.
8. (Mech.) A band of leather, or other
flexible substance, passing around two wheels, and communicating
motion from one to the other. [See
Illust. of Pulley.]
9. (Nat. Hist.) A band or stripe, as of
color, round any organ; or any circular ridge or series of
ridges.
Belt lacing, thongs used for lacing together
the ends of machine belting.
Belt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Belted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Belting.] To encircle with, or as
with, a belt; to encompass; to surround.
A coarse black robe belted round the waist.
C. Reade.
They belt him round with hearts undaunted.
Wordsworth.
2. To shear, as the buttocks and tails of
sheep. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Bel"tane (?), n. [Gael.
bealltainn, bealltuinn.]
1. The first day of May (Old Style).
The quarter-days anciently in Scotland were Hallowmas,
Candlemas, Beltane, and Lammas.
New English Dict.
2. A festival of the heathen Celts on the first day
of May, in the observance of which great bonfires were kindled.
It still exists in a modified form in some parts of Scotland and
Ireland.
Belt"ed (?), a. 1.
Encircled by, or secured with, a belt; as, a
belted plaid; girt with a belt, as an honorary
distinction; as, a belted knight; a
belted earl.
2. Marked with a band or circle; as, a
belted stalk.
3. Worn in, or suspended from, the belt.
Three men with belted brands.
Sir W. Scott.
Belted cattle, cattle originally from Dutch
stock, having a broad band of white round the middle, while the
rest of the body is black; -- called also blanketed
cattle.
{ Bel"tein (?), Bel"tin }
(?), n. See Beltane.
Belt"ing (?), n. The material
of which belts for machinery are made; also, belts, taken
collectively.
<-- p. 136 -->
Be*lu"ga (?), n. [Russ.
bieluga a sort of large sturgeon, prop. white fish,
fr. bieluii white.] (Zo\'94l.) A
cetacean allied to the dolphins.
beluga (Delphinapterus
catodon) is the white whale and white fish of the whalers.
It grows to be from twelve to eighteen feet long.
Be*lute" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beluted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Beluting.] [Pref.
be- + L. lutum mud.] To
bespatter, as with mud. [R.]
Sterne.
Bel`ve*dere" (?), n. [It., fr.
bello, bel, beautiful + vedere
to see.] (Arch.) A small building, or a
part of a building, more or less open, constructed in a place
commanding a fine prospect.
\'d8Bel"ze*buth (?), n. [From
Beelzebub.] (Zo\'94l.) A spider
monkey (Ateles belzebuth) of Brazil.
\'d8Be"ma (?), n. [Gr.
/ step, platform.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) A platform from which
speakers addressed an assembly.
Mitford.
2. (Arch.) (a) That part of an
early Christian church which was reserved for the higher clergy;
the inner or eastern part of the chancel. (b)
Erroneously: A pulpit.
Be*mad" (?), v. t. To make
mad. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Be*man"gle (?), v. t. To
mangle; to tear asunder. [R.]
Beaumont.
Be*mask" (?), v. t. To mask; to
conceal.
Be*mas"ter (?), v. t. To master
thoroughly.
Be*maul" (?), v. t. To maul or
beat severely; to bruise. \'bdIn order to bemaul
Yorick.\'b8
Sterne.
Be*maze (?), v. t. [OE.
bimasen; pref. be- + masen to
maze.] To bewilder.
Intellects bemazed in endless doubt.
Cowper.
Be*mean" (?), v. t. To make
mean; to lower.
C. Reade.
Be*meet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bemet (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bemeeting.]
To meet. [Obs.]
Our very loving sister, well bemet.
Shak.
Be*mete" (?), v. t. To
mete. [Obs.]
Shak.
Be*min"gle (?), v. t. To
mingle; to mix.
Be*mire" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bemired
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bemiring.] To drag through, encumber
with, or fix in, the mire; to soil by passing through mud or
dirt.
Bemired and benighted in the dog.
Burke.
Be*mist" (?), v. t. To envelop
in mist. [Obs.]
Be*moan" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bemoaned
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bemoaning.] [OE. bimenen,
AS. bem/nan; pref. be- +
m/nan to moan. See Moan.] To
express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to
lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with.
Implores their pity, and his pain bemoans.
Dryden.
Syn. -- See Deplore.
Be*moan"er (?), n. One who
bemoans.
Be*mock" (?), v. t. To mock; to
ridicule.
Bemock the modest moon.
Shak.
Be*moil" (?), v. t. [Pref.
be- + moil, fr. F. mouiller to
wet; but cf. also OE. bimolen to soil, fr. AS.
m\'bel spot: cf. E. mole.] To
soil or encumber with mire and dirt. [Obs.]
Shak.
Be"mol (?), n. [F.
b\'82mol, fr. b\'82 / + mol soft.]
(Mus.) The sign /; the same as B flat.
[Obs.]
Be*mon"ster (?), v. t. To make
monstrous or like a monster. [Obs.]
Shak.
Be*mourn" (?), v. t. To mourn
over.
Wyclif.
Be*mud"dle (?), v. t. To
muddle; to stupefy or bewilder; to confuse.
Be*muf"fle (?), v. t. To cover
as with a muffler; to wrap up.
Bemuffled with the externals of religion.
Sterne.
Be*muse" (?), v. t. To muddle,
daze, or partially stupefy, as with liquor.
A parson much bemused in beer.
Pope.
{ Ben (?), Ben" nut` }
(?). [Ar. b\'ben, name of the
tree.] (Bot.) The seed of one or more
species of moringa; as, oil of ben. See
Moringa.
Ben, adv. & prep. [AS.
binnan; pref. be- by + innan
within, in in.] Within; in; in or into the
interior; toward the inner apartment. [Scot.]
Ben, n. [See Ben,
adv.] The inner or principal room in a hut
or house of two rooms; -- opposed to but, the outer
apartment. [Scot.]
Ben. An old form of the pl. indic. pr.
of Be. [Obs.]
Be*name" (?), v. t.
[p. p. Benamed,
Benempt.] To promise; to name.
[Obs.]
Bench (?), n.; pl.
Benches (#). [OE.
bench, benk, AS. benc; akin to
Sw. b\'84nk, Dan b\'91nk, Icel.
bekkr, OS., D., & G. bank. Cf.
Bank, Beach.] 1. A long
seat, differing from a stool in its greater length.
Mossy benches supplied the place of chairs.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A long table at which mechanics and other work;
as, a carpenter's bench.
3. The seat where judges sit in court.
To pluck down justice from your awful bench.
Shak.
4. The persons who sit as judges; the court;
as, the opinion of the full bench. See
King's Bench.
5. A collection or group of dogs exhibited to the
public; -- so named because the animals are usually placed on
benches or raised platforms.
6. A conformation like a bench; a long stretch of
flat ground, or a kind of natural terrace, near a lake or
river.
Bench mark (Leveling), one of a
number of marks along a line of survey, affixed to permanent
objects, to show where leveling staffs were placed. --
Bench of bishops, the whole body of English
prelates assembled in council. -- Bench plane,
any plane used by carpenters and joiners for working a flat
surface, as jack planes, long planes. -- Bench
show, an exhibition of dogs. -- Bench
table (Arch.), a projecting course at the
base of a building, or round a pillar, sufficient to form a
seat.
Bench (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Benched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Benching.] 1. To furnish with
benches.
'T was benched with turf.
Dryden.
Stately theaters benched crescentwise.
Tennyson.
2. To place on a bench or seat of honor.
Whom I . . . have benched and reared to
worship.
Shak.
Bench, v. i. To sit on a seat of
justice. [R.]
Shak.
Bench"er (?), n. 1.
(Eng. Law) One of the senior and governing
members of an Inn of Court.
2. An alderman of a corporation.
[Eng.]
Ashmole.
3. A member of a court or council.
[Obs.]
Shak.
4. One who frequents the benches of a tavern; an
idler. [Obs.]
Bench" war`rant (?). (Law) A
process issued by a presiding judge or by a court against a
person guilty of some contempt, or indicted for some crime; -- so
called in distinction from a justice's warrant.
Bend (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bended or
Bent (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bending.] [AS. bendan to
bend, fr. bend a band, bond, fr. bindan to
bind. See Bind, v. t., and cf. 3d & 4th
Bend.] 1. To strain or move out of a
straight line; to crook by straining; to make crooked; to curve;
to make ready for use by drawing into a curve; as, to
bend a bow; to bend the knee.
2. To turn toward some certain point; to direct; to
incline. \'bdBend thine ear to supplication.\'b8
Milton.
Towards Coventry bend we our course.
Shak.
Bending her eyes . . . upon her parent.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To apply closely or with interest; to
direct.
To bend his mind to any public business.
Temple.
But when to mischief mortals bend their will.
Pope.
4. To cause to yield; to render submissive; to
subdue. \'bdExcept she bend her humor.\'b8
Shak.
5. (Naut.) To fasten, as one rope to
another, or as a sail to its yard or stay; or as a cable to the
ring of an anchor.
Totten.
To bend the brow, to knit the brow, as in deep
thought or in anger; to scowl; to frown.
Camden.
Syn. -- To lean; stoop; deflect; bow; yield.
Bend, v. i. 1. To be moved or
strained out of a straight line; to crook or be curving; to
bow.
The green earth's end
Where the bowed welkin slow doth bend.
Milton.
2. To jut over; to overhang.
There is a cliff, whose high and bending head
Looks fearfully in the confined deep.
Shak.
3. To be inclined; to be directed.
To whom our vows and wished bend.
Milton.
4. To bow in prayer, or in token of
submission.
While each to his great Father bends.
Coleridge.
Bend, n. [See Bend, v.
t., and cf. Bent, n.] 1.
A turn or deflection from a straight line or from the proper
direction or normal position; a curve; a crook; as, a slight
bend of the body; a bend in a road.
2. Turn; purpose; inclination; ends.
[Obs.]
Farewell, poor swain; thou art not for my bend.
Fletcher.
3. (Naut.) A knot by which one rope is
fastened to another or to an anchor, spar, or post.
Totten.
4. (Leather Trade) The best quality of
sole leather; a butt. See Butt.
5. (Mining) Hard, indurated clay;
bind.
Bends of a ship, the thickest and strongest
planks in her sides, more generally called wales. They
have the beams, knees, and foothooks bolted to them. Also, the
frames or ribs that form the ship's body from the keel to the top
of the sides; as, the midship bend.
Bend, n. [AS. bend. See
Band, and cf. the preceding noun.] 1.
A band. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. [OF. bende, bande, F.
bande. See Band.] (Her.)
One of the honorable ordinaries, containing a third or a
fifth part of the field. It crosses the field diagonally from the
dexter chief to the sinister base.
Bend sinister (Her.), an honorable
ordinary drawn from the sinister chief to the dexter
base.
Bend"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being bent.
Bend"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, bends.
2. An instrument used for bending.
3. A drunken spree. [Low, U. S.]
Bartlett.
4. A sixpence. [Slang, Eng.]
Bend"ing, n. The marking of the clothes
with stripes or horizontal bands. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bend"let (?), n.
[Bend + -let: cf. E.
bandlet.] (Her.) A narrow bend,
esp. one half the width of the bend.
Bend"wise (?), adv.
(Her.) Diagonally.
Ben"dy (?), a. [From
Bend a band.] (Her.) Divided into
an even number of bends; -- said of a shield or its charge.
Cussans.
Ben"e (?), n. (Bot.)
See Benne.
Be"ne (?), n. [AS.
b/n.] A prayer; boon.
[Archaic]
What is good for a bootless bene ?
Wordsworth.
{ \'d8Bene, Ben } (?),
n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.)
A hoglike mammal of New Guinea (Porcula
papuensis).
Be*neaped" (?), a.
(Naut.) See Neaped.
Be*neath" (?), prep. [OE.
benethe, bineo/en, AS.
beneo/an, beny/an; pref. be-
+ neo/an, ny/an, downward, beneath,
akin to E. nether. See Nether.]
1. Lower in place, with something directly over or
on; under; underneath; hence, at the foot of.
\'bdBeneath the mount.\'b8
Ex. xxxii. 19.
Beneath a rude and nameless stone he lies.
Pope.
2. Under, in relation to something that is
superior, or that oppresses or burdens.
Our country sinks beneath the yoke.
Shak.
3. Lower in rank, dignity, or excellence than;
as, brutes are beneath man; man is beneath
angels in the scale of beings. Hence: Unworthy of;
unbecoming.
He will do nothing that is beneath his high
station.
Atterbury.
Be*neath" (?), adv. 1.
In a lower place; underneath.
The earth you take from beneath will be barren.
Mortimer.
2. Below, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior
region or position; as, in earth beneath.
\'d8Ben`e*dic"i*te (?), n. [L.,
(imperative pl.,) bless ye, praise ye.] A canticle
(the Latin version of which begins with this word) which may be
used in the order for morning prayer in the Church of England. It
is taken from an apocryphal addition to the third chapter of
Daniel.
\'d8Ben`e*dic"i*te, interj. [See
Benedicite, n.] An exclamation
corresponding to Bless you !.
{ Ben"e*dict (?), Ben"e*dick
(?), } n. [From
Benedick, one of the characters in Shakespeare's play
of \'bdMuch Ado about Nothing.\'b8] A married man, or
a man newly married.
Ben"e*dict, a. [L.
benedictus, p. p. of benedicere to bless.
See Benison, and cf. Bennet.] Having
mild and salubrious qualities. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Ben`e*dic"tine (?), a.
Pertaining to the monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet.
Ben`e*dic"tine, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a famous order of monks, established by St. Benedict
of Nursia in the sixth century. This order was introduced into
the United States in 1846.
Black Monks. The name Black
Fr////rs which belongs to the Dominicans, is
also sometimes applied to the Benedictines.
Ben`e*dic"tion (?), n. [L.
benedictio: cf. F. b\'82n\'82diction. See
Benison.] 1. The act of
blessing.
2. A blessing; an expression of blessing, prayer,
or kind wishes in favor of any person or thing; a solemn or
affectionate invocation of happiness.
So saying, he arose; whom Adam thus
Followed with benediction.
Milton.
Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction
upon her.
Longfellow.
Specifically: The short prayer which closes public worship;
as, to give the benediction.
3. (Eccl.) The form of instituting an
abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop.
Ayliffe.
4. (R. C. Ch.) A solemn rite by which
bells, banners, candles, etc., are blessed with holy water, and
formally dedicated to God.
Ben`e*dic"tion*al (?), n. A
book of benedictions.
Ben`e*dic"tion*a*ry (?), n. A
collected series of benedictions.
The benedictionary of Bishop Athelwold.
G. Gurton's Needle.
Ben`e*dic"tive (?), a. Tending
to bless.
Gauden.
Ben`e*dic"to*ry (?), a.
Expressing wishes for good; as, a benedictory
prayer.
Thackeray.
\'d8Ben`e*dic"tus (?), n. [L.,
blessed. See Benedict, a.] The
song of Zacharias at the birth of John the Baptist (Luke i.
68); -- so named from the first word of the Latin
version.
Ben"e*dight (?), a.
Blessed. [R.]
Longfellow.
Ben`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
benefactio, fr. benefacere to do good to
one; bene well + facere to do. See
Benefit.] 1. The act of conferring a
benefit.
Johnson.
2. A benefit conferred; esp. a charitable
donation.
Syn. -- Gift; present; gratuity; boon; alms.
Ben`e*fac"tor (?),n. [L.]
One who confers a benefit or benefits.
Bacon.
Ben`e*fac"tress, n. A woman who confers
a benefit.
His benefactress blushes at the deed.
Cowper.
Be*nef"ic (?), a. [L.
beneficus. See Benefice.]
Favorable; beneficent.
Milton.
Ben"e*fice (?), n. [F.
b\'82n\'82fice, L. beneficium, a kindness ,
in LL. a grant of an estate, fr. L. beneficus
beneficent; bene well + facere to do. See
Benefit.]
1. A favor or benefit. [Obs.]
Baxter.
2. (Feudal Law) An estate in lands; a
fief.
fief, and the term benefice became
appropriated to church livings.
3. An ecclesiastical living and church preferment,
as in the Church of England; a church endowed with a revenue for
the maintenance of divine service. See Advowson.
benefices, except bishoprics, which are called
dignities. But, ordinarily, the term
dignity is applied to bishoprics, deaneries,
archdeaconries, and prebendaryships; benefice to
parsonages, vicarages, and donatives.
Ben"e*fice, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beneficed.] To endow with a
benefice. [Commonly in the past participle.]
Ben"e*ficed (?), a. Possessed
of a benefice o/ church preferment.
\'bdBeneficed clergymen.\'b8
Burke.
Ben"e*fice*less (?), a. Having
no benefice. \'bdBeneficeless precisians.\'b8
Sheldon.
Be*nef"i*cence (?), n. [L.
beneficentia, fr. beneficus: cf. F.
b\'82n\'82ficence. See Benefice.]
The practice of doing good; active goodness, kindness, or
charity; bounty springing from purity and goodness.
And whose beneficence no charge exhausts.
Cowper.
Syn. -- See Benevolence.
Be*nef`i*cent (?), a. Doing or producing
good; performing acts of kindness and charity; characterized by
beneficence.
The beneficent fruits of Christianity.
Prescott.
Syn. -- See Benevolent.
Be*nef`i*cen"tial (?), a.
Relating to beneficence.
<-- p. 137 -->
Be*nef"i*cent*ly (?), adv. In a
beneficent manner; with beneficence.
Ben`e*fi"cial (?), a. [Cf. F.
b\'82n\'82ficial, LL. beneficialis.]
1. Conferring benefits; useful; profi/table;
helpful; advantageous; serviceable; contributing to a valuable
end; -- followed by to.
The war which would have been most beneficial to
us.
Swift.
2. (Law) Receiving, or entitled to have
or receive, advantage, use, or benefit; as, the
beneficial owner of an estate.
Kent.
3. King. [Obs.] \'bdA
beneficial foe.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Syn. -- See Advantage.
Ben`e*fi"cial*ly, adv. In a beneficial
or advantageous manner; profitably; helpfully.
Ben`e*fi"cial*ness, n. The quality of
being beneficial; profitableness.
Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. b\'82n\'82ficiaire, LL.
beneficiarius.] 1. Holding some
office or valuable possession, in subordination to another;
holding under a feudal or other superior; having a dependent and
secondary possession.
A feudatory or beneficiary king of England.
Bacon.
2. Bestowed as a gratuity; as,
beneficiary gifts.
Ben`e*fi"ci*a*ry, n.; pl.
Beneficiaries (/). 1. A
feudatory or vassal; hence, one who holds a benefice and uses its
proceeds.
Ayliffe.
2. One who receives anything as a gift; one who
receives a benefit or advantage; esp. one who receives help or
income from an educational fund or a trust estate.
The rich men will be offering sacrifice to their Deity whose
beneficiaries they are.
Jer. Taylor.
Ben`e*fi"ci*ate (?), v. t. [Sp.
beneficiar to benefit, to work mines.]
(Mining) To reduce (ores). --
Ben`e*fi`ci*a"tion (/),
n.
Ben`e*fi"cient (?), a.
Beneficent. [Obs.]
Ben"e*fit (?), n. [OE.
benefet, benfeet, bienfet, F.
bienfait, fr. L. benefactum; bene well
(adv. of bonus good) + factum, p. p. of
facere to do. See Bounty, and
Fact.] 1. An act of kindness; a
favor conferred.
Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his
benefits.
Ps. ciii. 2.
2. Whatever promotes prosperity and personal
happiness, or adds value to property; advantage; profit.
Men have no right to what is not for their
benefit.
Burke.
3. A theatrical performance, a concert, or the
like, the proceeds of which do not go to the lessee of the
theater or to the company, but to some individual actor, or to
some charitable use.
4. Beneficence; liberality.
[Obs.]
Webster (1623).
5. pl. Natural advantaged; endowments;
accomplishments. [R.] \'bdThe
benefits of your own country.\'b8
Shak.
Benefit of clergy. (Law) See under
Clergy.
Syn. -- Profit; service; use; avail. See
Advantage.
Ben"e*fit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Benefited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Benefitting.] To be beneficial to; to
do good to; to advantage; to advance in health or prosperity; to
be useful to; to profit.
I will repent of the good, wherewith I said I would
benefit them.
Jer. xviii. 10.
Ben"e*fit, v. i. To gain advantage; to
make improvement; to profit; as, he will benefit by
the change.
Ben"e*fit`er (?), n. One who
confers a benefit; -- also, one who receives a benefit.
Be*neme" (?), v. t. [AS.
ben/man. Cf. Benim.] To deprive
(of), or take away (from).
[Obs.]
Be*nempt" (?), p. p. of
Bename. 1. Promised; vowed.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
2. Named; styled. [Archaic]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Be`ne plac"i*to (?). [It.
beneplacito pleasure, fr. L. bene well +
placitus pleasing.] 1. At or
during pleasure.
For our English judges there never was . . . any bene
placito as their tenure.
F. Harrison.
2. (Mus.) At pleasure; ad libitum.
Be*net" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Benetted.] To catch in a net; to
insnare.
Shak.
Be*nev"o*lence (?), n. [OF.
benevolence, L. benevolentia. See
Benevolent.] 1. The disposition to
do good; good will; charitableness; love of mankind, accompanied
with a desire to promote their happiness.
The wakeful benevolence of the gospel.
Chalmers.
2. An act of kindness; good done; charity
given.
3. A species of compulsory contribution or tax,
which has sometimes been illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of
England, and falsely represented as a gratuity.
Syn. -- Benevolence, Beneficence,
Munificence. Benevolence marks
a disposition made up of a choice and desire for the happiness of
others. Beneficence marks the working of this
disposition in dispensing good on a somewhat broad scale.
Munificence shows the same disposition, but acting on
a still broader scale, in conferring gifts and favors. These are
not necessarily confined to objects of immediate utility. One may
show his munificence in presents of pictures or
jewelry, but this would not be beneficence.
Benevolence of heart; beneficence of life;
munificence in the encouragement of letters.
Be*nev"o*lent (?), a. [L.
benevolens, -entis; bene well
(adv. of bonus good) + volens, p.
pr. of volo I will, I wish. See Bounty,
and Voluntary.] Having a disposition to do
good; possessing or manifesting love to mankind, and a desire to
promote their prosperity and happiness; disposed to give to good
objects; kind; charitable. --
Be*nev"o*lent*ly, adv.
Syn. -- Benevolent, Beneficent.
Etymologically considered, benevolent implies
wishing well to others, and beneficent,
doing well. But by degrees the word
benevolent has been widened to include not only
feelings, but actions; thus, we speak of benevolent
operations, benevolent labors for the public good,
benevolent societies. In like manner,
beneficent is now often applied to feelings; thus, we
speak of the beneficent intentions of a donor. This
extension of the terms enables us to mark nicer shades of
meaning. Thus, the phrase \'bdbenevolent labors\'b8
turns attention to the source of these labors, viz.,
benevolent feeling; while beneficent would
simply mark them as productive of good. So,
\'bdbeneficent intentions\'b8 point to the feelings of
the donor as bent upon some specific good act; while
\'bdbenevolent intentions\'b8 would only denote a
general wish and design to do good.
Be*nev"o*lous (?), a. [L.
benevolus.] Kind; benevolent.
[Obs.]
T. Puller.
Ben*gal" (?), n. 1. A
province in India, giving its name to various stuffs, animals,
etc.
2. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, originally
brought from Bengal.
3. Striped gingham, originally brought from Bengal;
Bengal stripes.
Bengal light, a firework containing niter,
sulphur, and antimony, and producing a sustained and vivid
colored light, used in making signals and in pyrotechnics; --
called also blue light. -- Bengal
stripes, a kind of cotton cloth woven with colored
stripes. See Bengal, 3. -- Bengal tiger.
(Zo\'94l.). See Tiger.
{ Ben*gal"ee, Ben*gal"i }
(?), n. The language spoken in
Bengal.
Ben`gal*ese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bengal. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or natives of Bengal.
Ben*go"la (?), n. A Bengal
light.
Be*night" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Benighted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Benighting.] 1.
To involve in darkness; to shroud with the shades of night;
to obscure. [Archaic]
The clouds benight the sky.
Garth.
2. To overtake with night or darkness, especially
before the end of a day's journey or task.
Some virgin, sure, . . . benighted in these
woods.
Milton.
3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance; to
debar from intellectual light.
Shall we to men benighted
The lamp of life deny ?
Heber.
Be*night"ment (?), n. The
condition of being benighted.
Be*nign" (?), a. [OE.
benigne, bening, OF. benigne, F.
b\'82nin, fem. b\'82nigne, fr. L.
benignus, contr. from benigenus;
bonus good + root of genus kind. See
Bounty, and Genus.] 1. Of a
kind or gentle disposition; gracious; generous; favorable;
benignant.
Creator bounteous and benign.
Milton.
2. Exhibiting or manifesting kindness, gentleness,
favor, etc.; mild; kindly; salutary; wholesome.
Kind influences and benign aspects.
South.
3. Of a mild type or character; as, a
benign disease.
Syn. -- Kind; propitious; bland; genial; salubrious;
favorable salutary; gracious; liberal.
Be*nig"nan*cy (?), n. Benignant
quality; kindliness.
Be*nig"nant (?), a. [LL.
benignans, p. pr. of benignare,
from L. benignus. See Benign.]
Kind; gracious; favorable. --
Be*nig"nant*ly, adv.
Be*nig"ni*ty (?), n. [OE.
benignite, F. b\'82nignit\'82, OF.
b\'82nignet\'82, fr. L. benignitas. See
Benign.] 1. The quality of being
benign; goodness; kindness; graciousness.
\'bdBenignity of aspect.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
2. Mildness; gentleness.
The benignity or inclemency of the season.
Spectator.
3. Salubrity; wholesome quality.
Wiseman.
Be*nign"ly (?), adv. In a
benign manner.
Be*nim" (?), v. t. [AS.
beniman. See Benumb, and cf.
Nim.] To take away. [Obs.]
Ire . . . benimeth the man fro God.
Chaucer.
Ben"i*son (?), n. [OE.
beneysun, benesoun, OF.
bene\'8b/un, bene\'8bson, fr. L.
benedictio, fr. benedicere to bless;
bene (adv. of bonus good) +
dicere to say. See Bounty, and
Diction, and cf. Benediction.]
Blessing; beatitude; benediction.
Shak.
More precious than the benison of friends.
Talfourd.
\'d8B\'82*ni"tier` (?), n. [F.,
fr. b\'82nir to bless.] (R. C. Ch.)
A holy-water stoup.
Shipley.
Ben"ja*min (?), n. [Corrupted
from benzoin.] See Benzoin.
Ben"ja*min, n. A kind of upper coat for
men. [Colloq. Eng.]
Ben"ja*mite (?), n. A
descendant of Benjamin; one of the tribe of Benjamin.
Judg. iii. 15.
Ben"ne (?), n. [Malay
bijen.] (Bot.) The name of two
plants (Sesamum orientale and S. indicum),
originally Asiatic; -- also called oil plant. From
their seeds an oil is expressed, called benne oil,
used mostly for making soap. In the southern United States the
seeds are used in candy.
Ben"net (?), n. [F.
beno\'8cte, fr. L. benedicta, fem. of
benedictus, p. p., blessed. See Benedict,
a.] (Bot.) The common
yellow-flowered avens of Europe (Geum urbanum); herb
bennet. The name is sometimes given to other plants, as the
hemlock, valerian, etc.
Ben"shee (?), n. See
Banshee.
Bent (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bend.
Bent, a. & p. p. 1. Changed by
pressure so as to be no longer straight; crooked; as, a
bent pin; a bent lever.
2. Strongly inclined toward something, so as to be
resolved, determined, set, etc.; -- said of the mind, character,
disposition, desires, etc., and used with on; as,
to be bent on going to college; he is bent on
mischief.
Bent, n. [See Bend,
n. & v.] 1. The state
of being curved, crooked, or inclined from a straight line;
flexure; curvity; as, the bent of a bow.
[Obs.]
Wilkins.
2. A declivity or slope, as of a hill.
[R.]
Dryden.
3. A leaning or bias; proclivity; tendency of mind;
inclination; disposition; purpose; aim.
Shak.
With a native bent did good pursue.
Dryden.
4. Particular direction or tendency; flexion;
course.
Bents and turns of the matter.
Locke.
5. (Carp.) A transverse frame of a
framed structure.
6. Tension; force of acting; energy; impetus.
[Archaic]
The full bent and stress of the soul.
Norris.
Syn. -- Predilection; turn. Bent,
Bias, Inclination, Prepossession.
These words agree in describing a permanent influence upon the
mind which tends to decide its actions. Bent denotes a
fixed tendency of the mind in a given direction. It is the widest
of these terms, and applies to the will, the intellect, and the
affections, taken conjointly; as, the whole bent of
his character was toward evil practices. Bias is
literally a weight fixed on one side of a ball used in bowling,
and causing it to swerve from a straight course. Used
figuratively, bias applies particularly to the
judgment, and denotes something which acts with a permanent force
on the character through that faculty; as, the bias of
early education, early habits, etc. Inclination is an
excited state of desire or appetency; as, a strong
inclination to the study of the law.
Prepossession is a mingled state of feeling and
opinion in respect to some person or subject, which has laid hold
of and occupied the mind previous to inquiry. The word is
commonly used in a good sense, an unfavorable impression of this
kind being denominated a prejudice. \'bdStrong minds
will be strongly bent, and usually labor under a
strong bias; but there is no mind so weak and
powerless as not to have its inclinations, and none so
guarded as to be without its
prepossessions.\'b8
Crabb.
Bent (?), n. [AS.
beonet; akin to OHG. pinuz, G.
binse, rush, bent grass; of unknown origin.]
1. A reedlike grass; a stalk of stiff, coarse
grass.
His spear a bent, both stiff and strong.
Drayton.
2. (Bot.) A grass of the genus
Agrostis, esp. Agrostis vulgaris, or
redtop. The name is also used of many other grasses, esp. in
America.
3. Any neglected field or broken ground; a common;
a moor. [Obs.]
Wright.
Bowmen bickered upon the bent.
Chevy Chase.
Bent" grass` (?). (Bot.) Same
as Bent, a kind of grass.
Ben"thal (?), a. [Gr.
/ the depth of the sea.] Relating to the
deepest zone or region of the ocean.
Ben*tham"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bentham or Benthamism.
Ben"tham*ism (?), n. That phase
of the doctrine of utilitarianism taught by Jeremy Bentham; the
doctrine that the morality of actions is estimated and determined
by their utility; also, the theory that the sensibility to
pleasure and the recoil from pain are the only motives which
influence human desires and actions, and that these are the
sufficient explanation of ethical and jural conceptions.
Ben"tham*ite (?), n. One who
believes in Benthamism.
Bent"ing time" (?). The season when
pigeons are said to feed on bents, before peas are ripe.
Bare benting times . . . may come.
Dryden.
Bent"y (?), a. 1. A
bounding in bents, or the stalks of coarse, stiff, withered
grass; as, benty fields.
2. Resembling bent.
Holland.
Be*numb" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Benumbed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Benumbing.] [OE. binomen, p.
p. of binimen to take away, AS. beniman;
pref. be + niman to take. See
Numb, a., and cf. Benim.]
To make torpid; to deprive of sensation or sensibility; to
stupefy; as, a hand or foot benumbed by
cold.
The creeping death benumbed her senses first.
Dryden.
Be*numbed" (?), a. Made torpid;
numbed; stupefied; deadened; as, a benumbed body and
mind. -- Be*numbed"ness,
n.
Be*numb"ment (?), n. Act of
benumbing, or state of being benumbed; torpor.
Kirby.
Ben"zal (?), n.
[Benzoic + aldehyde.]
(Chem.) A transparent crystalline substance,/
C6H5.CO. NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of
benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl
compounds.
Ben*zam"ide (?), n.
[Benzoin + amide.]
(Chem.) A transparent crystalline substance,
C6H5.CO.NH2, obtained by the action of ammonia upon chloride of
benzoyl, as also by several other reactions with benzoyl
compounds.
Ben"zene (?), n. [From
Benzoin.] (Chem.) A volatile, very
inflammable liquid, C6H6, contained in the naphtha produced by
the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated
by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to
the impure commercial product or benzole, and also,
but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum.
Benzene nucleus, Benzene
ring (Chem.), a closed chain or ring,
consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom
attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds
are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as
representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule,
C6H6, and as the type on which its derivatives are
formed.
Ben"zile (?), n. [From
Benzoin.] (Chem.) A yellowish
crystalline substance, C6H5.CO.CO.C6H5, formed from benzoin by
the action of oxidizing agents, and consisting of a doubled
benzoyl radical.
Ben"zine (?), n. [From
Benzoin.] (Chem.) 1. A
liquid consisting mainly of the lighter and more volatile
hydrocarbons of petroleum or kerosene oil, used as a solvent and
for cleansing soiled fabrics; -- called also petroleum
spirit, petroleum benzine. Varieties
or similar products are gasoline, naphtha, rhigolene, ligroin,
etc.
2. Same as Benzene.
[R.]
benzine proper are
essentially of the marsh gas series, while benzene
proper is the typical hydrocarbon of the aromatic series.
Ben"zo*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
benzoate.] (Chem.) A salt formed
by the union of benzoic acid with any salifiable base.
<-- p. 138 -->
Ben*zo"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
benzo\'8bque.] Pertaining to, or obtained
from, benzoin.
Benzoic acid, or flowers of benzoin,
a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and
some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found
in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes
in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its
taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous. -- Benzoic
aldehyde, oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde,
C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl
alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless
liquid.
Ben*zoin" (?), n. [Cf. F.
benjoin, Sp. benjui, Pg.
beijoin; all fr. Ar. lub\'ben-j\'bew\'c6
incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable
being lost. Cf. Benjamin.] [Called also
benjamin.] 1. A resinous
substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax
benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant
odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation
of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.
2. A white crystalline substance,
C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and
some other sources.
3. (Bot.) The spicebush (Lindera
benzoin).
Flowers of benzoin, benzoic acid. See under
Benzoic.
Ben*zoin"a*ted (?), a.
(Med.) Containing or impregnated with benzoin;
as, benzoinated lard.
{ Ben"zole Ben"zol } (?),
n. [Benzoin + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) An impure benzene, used in
the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See
Benzene.
Ben"zo*line (?), n.
(Chem.) (a) Same as
Benzole. (b) Same as
Amarine. [R.]
Watts.
Ben"zoyl (?), n.
[Benzoic + Gr. / wood. See -yl.]
(Chem.) A compound radical,
C6H5.CO; the base of benzoic acid, of the oil of
bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds.
[Formerly written also benzule.]
Ben"zyl (?), n.
[Benzoic + -yl.]
(Chem.) A compound radical,
C6H5.CH2, related to toluene and benzoic acid;
-- commonly used adjectively.
Be*paint" (?), v. t. To paint;
to cover or color with, or as with, paint.
Else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek.
Shak.
Be*pelt" (?), v. t. To pelt
roundly.
Be*pinch" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bepinched
(#).] To pinch, or mark with
pinches.
Chapman.
Be*plas"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beplastered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beplastering.] To plaster over; to
cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.
Beplastered with rouge.
Goldsmith.
Be*plumed" (?), a. Decked with
feathers.
Be*pom"mel (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bepommeled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bepommeling.] To pommel; to beat, as
with a stick; figuratively, to assail or criticise in
conversation, or in writing.
Thackeray.
Be*pow"der (?), v. t. To
sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.
Be*praise" (?), v. t. To praise
greatly or extravagantly.
Goldsmith.
Be*prose" (?), v. t. To reduce
to prose. [R.] \'bdTo beprose all
rhyme.\'b8
Mallet.
Be*puffed" (?), a. Puffed;
praised.
Carlyle.
Be*pur"ple (?), v. t. To tinge
or dye with a purple color.
Be*queath" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bequeathed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bequeathing.] [OE.
biquethen, AS. becwe/an to say, affirm,
bequeath; pref. be- + cwe/an to say,
speak. See Quoth.] 1. To give or
leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of
personal property.
My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to
me.
Shak.
2. To hand down; to transmit.
To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it.
Glanvill.
3. To give; to offer; to commit.
[Obs.]
To whom, with all submission, on my knee
I do bequeath my faithful services
And true subjection everlastingly.
Shak.
Syn. -- To Bequeath, Devise.
Both these words denote the giving or disposing of
property by will. Devise, in legal usage, is property
used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it
is given is called the devisee. Bequeath is
properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; i. e., of
personal property; the gift is called a legacy, and he
who receives it is called a legatee. In popular usage
the word bequeath is sometimes enlarged so as to
embrace devise; and it is sometimes so construed by
courts.
Be*queath"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being bequeathed.
Be*queath"al (?), n. The act of
bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest.
Fuller.
Be*queath"ment (?), n. The act
of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a
bequest.
Be*quest" (?), n. [OE.
biquest, corrupted fr. bequide; pref.
be- + AS. cwide a saying,
becwe/an to bequeath. The ending -est is
probably due to confusion with quest. See
Bequeath, Quest.] 1. The
act of bequeathing or leaving by will; as, a bequest
of property by A. to B.
2. That which is left by will, esp. personal
property; a legacy; also, a gift.
Be*quest", v. t. To bequeath, or leave
as a legacy. [Obs.] \'bdAll I have to
bequest.\'b8
Gascoigne.
Be*queth"en (?), old p. p. of
Bequeath. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*quote" (?), v. t. To quote
constantly or with great frequency.
Be*rain (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Berained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beraining.] To rain upon; to wet with
rain. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*rate" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Berated; p. pr. & vb.
n. Berating.] To rate or chide vehemently;
to scold. Holland. Motley.
Be*rat"tle (/), v. t. To make
rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down.
[Obs.] Shak.
Be*ray" (?) v.t. [Pref. be + ray to
defile] TO make foul; to soil; to defile.
[Obs.] Milton.
\'d8Berbe (?), n. [Cf. Berber,
Barb a Barbary horse.] (Zo\'94l.) An
African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.
Ber"ber (?), n. [See
Barbary.] A member of a race somewhat resembling the
Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the
inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean
southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of
that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by
this people.
Ber"ber*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow
substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other
plants.
Ber"ber*ry (?),n.See
Barberry.
Ber"dash (?),n.A kind of
neckcloth. [Obs.]
A treatise against the cravat and berdash.
Steele.
Bere (?), v. t. [Cf.
OIcel. berja to strike.] To pierce.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Bere,n.See Bear, barley.
[Scot.]
Be*reave" (/), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bereaved
(/), Bereft (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bereaving.] [OE.
bireven, AS. bere\'a0fian. See
Be-, and Reave.]
1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with
of before the person or thing taken away.
Madam, you have bereft me of all words.
Shak.
Bereft of him who taught me how to sing.
Tickell.
2. To take away from. [Obs.]
All your interest in those territories
Is utterly bereft you; all is lost.
Shak.
3. To take away. [Obs.]
Shall move you to bereave my life.
Marlowe.
bereaved is
not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say
bereaved or bereft by death of a relative,
bereft of hope and strength.
Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.
Be*reave"ment (?), n. The state
of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by
death.
Be*reav"er (?), n. One who
bereaves.
Be*reft" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bereave.
Be*ret"ta (?), n. Same as
Berretta.
Berg (?), n. [ A large mass or hill,
as of ice.
Glittering bergs of ice.
Tennyson.
Ber"ga*mot (?), n. [F.
bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg
arm/di a lord's pear.] 1 . (Bot.)
(a) A tree of the Orange family (Citrus
bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the
rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted,
much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. (b) A variety
of mint (Mentha aquatica, ).
2. The essence or perfume made from the
fruit.
3. A variety of pear. Johnson.
4. A variety of snuff perfumed with
bergamot.
The better hand . . . gives the nose its
bergamot.
Cowper.
5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of
cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have
been invented at Bergamo, Italy. Encyc. Brit.
Wild bergamot (Bot.), an American
herb of the Mint family (Monarda fistulosa).
Ber"gan*der (?), n. [Berg, for
burrow + gander a male goose ? Cf. G. bergente, Dan.
gravgaas.] (Zo\'94l.) A European duck
(Anas tadorna). See Sheldrake.
Ber"ger*et (?), n. [OF.
bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.] A pastoral
song. [Obs.]
Bergh (?), n. [AS.
beorg.] A hill. [Obs.]
Berg"mas`ter (?), n. See
Barmaster.
Berg"meal (?), n. [G. berg
mountain + mehl meal.] (Min.) An earthy substance,
resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria,
and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or
ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given
to a white powdery variety of calcite.
Berg"mote (?), n. See
Barmote.
Ber"go*mask (?), n. A rustic
dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy,
once noted for their clownishness.
Ber"gylt (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The Norway haddock.
See Rosefish.
Be*rhyme" (/), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Berhymed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Berhyming.] To
mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about.
[Sometimes use depreciatively.] Shak.
\'d8Be`ri*be"ri (?), n.
[Singhalese beri weakness.] An acute
disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple
inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular
debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.
Be*rime" (/), v. t. To
berhyme. [The earlier and etymologically preferable
spelling.]
Berke*le"ian (?),a.Of or
relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; as,
Berkeleian philosophy. --
Berke"ley*ism, n.
Ber"lin (?), n. [The capital of
Prussia] 1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a
sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in
the 17th century, at Berlin.
2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; --
called also Berlin wool.
Berlin black, a black varnish, drying with
almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of
ironware. Ure. -- Berlin blue,
Prussian blue. Ure. -- Berlin green,
a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar
to Prussian blue. -- Berlin iron, a very
fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other
delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or
lacquered in imitation of bronze. -- Berlin shop,
a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials
for such work. -- Berlin work, worsted
embroidery.
{ Berm Berme } (?),
n. [F. berme, of German origin; cf. G.
brame, br\'84me, border, akin to E.
brim.] 1. (Fort.) A
narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the
ditch.
2. (Engineering) A ledge at the bottom
of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the
slope, or to strengthen the bank.
Ber*mu"da grass` (?). (Bot.) A
kind of grass (Cynodon Dactylon) esteemed for pasture
in the Southern United States. It is a native of Southern
Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also
scutch grass, and in Bermuda, devil
grass.
Ber"na*cle (?), n. See
Barnacle.
Ber"na fly` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus Trypeta, which
lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast,
where the larv\'91 do great injury.
Ber"nar*dine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian
monks. -- n. A Cistercian
monk.
Ber*nese" (?), a. Pertaining to
the city o/ canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its
inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or natives of Bern.
Ber"ni*cle (?), n. [OE.
bernak, bernacle; cf. OF.
bernac; prob. fr. LL. bernacula for
hibernicula, bernicula, fr.
Hibernia; the birds coming from Hibernia or
Ireland. Cf. 1st Barnacle.] A bernicle
goose. [Written also barnacle.]
Bernicle goose (Zo\'94l.), a goose
(Branta leucopsis), of Arctic Europe and America. It
was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the
sea (Lepas), which were, therefore, called barnacles,
goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other
related species. See Anatifa and
Cirripedia.
Ber*nouse" (?), n. Some as
Burnoose.
Be*rob" (?), v. t. To rob; to
plunder. [Obs.]
\'d8Ber"o*e (?), n. [L.
Beroe, one of the Oceanid\'91 Gr. /: cf.
F. bero\'82.] (Zo\'94l.) A
small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the
Ctenophora.
Ber*ret"ta (?), n. [It., fr.
LL. birrettum, berretum, a cap, dim. of L.
birrus, birrum, a cloak to keep off rain,
cf. Gr. / tawny, red: cf. Sp. birreta,
Pg. barrete, and E. Barret.] A
square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A
cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is
black, except that a bishop's is lined with green.
[Also spelt beretta, biretta,
etc.]
Ber"ried (?), a. Furnished with
berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a
berried shrub.
Ber"ry (?), n.; pl.
Berries. [OE. berie, AS.
berie, berige; akin to D. bes,
G. beere, OS. and OHG. beri, Icel.
ber, Sw. b\'84r, Goth. basi, and
perh. Skr. bhas to eat.]
1. Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry,
mulberry, huckleberry, etc.
2. (Bot.) A small fruit that is pulpy or
succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp,
as the currant, grape, blueberry.
3. The coffee bean.
4. One of the ova or eggs of a fish.
Travis.
In berry, containing ova or spawn.
Ber"ry, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Berried (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Berrying.] To bear or produce
berries.
Ber"ry, n. [AS. beorh. See
Barrow a hill.] A mound; a hillock.
W. Browne.
Ber"ry*ing, n. A seeking for or
gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.
{ Ber"serk (?), Ber"serk*er
(?), } n. [Icel.
berserkr.] 1. (Scand. Myth.)
One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by
intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds.
Longfellow.
2. One who fights as if frenzied, like a
Berserker.
Bers"tle (?), n. See
Bristle. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Berth (?), n. [From the root of
bear to produce, like birth nativity. See
Birth.] [Also written
birth.]
1. (Naut.) (a) Convenient sea
room. (b) A room in which a number of the
officers or ship's company mess and reside. (c)
The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a
wharf.
2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or
employment. \'bdHe has a good berth.\'b8
Totten.
3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or
shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car,
for sleeping in.
Berth deck, the deck next below the lower gun
deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To give
(the land or any object) a wide berth, to
keep at a distance from it.
Berth, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Berthed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Berthing.] 1. To give
an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth;
as, she was berthed stem to stern with the
Adelaide.
2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard;
as, to berth a ship's company.
Totten.
Ber"tha (?), n. [F.
berthe, fr. Berthe, a woman's name.]
A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.
Berth"age (?), n. A place for
mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.
Ber"thi*er*ite (?), n. [From
Berthier, a French naturalist.]
(Min.) A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of
a dark steel-gray color.
Berth"ing (?), n. (Naut.)
The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer
strake.
Smyth.
Ber"tram (?), n. [Corrupted fr.
L. pyrethrum, Gr. / a hot spicy plant,
fr. / fire.] (Bot.) Pellitory
of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).
<-- p. 139 -->
Ber"y*coid (?), a. [NL.
beryx, the name of the typical genus +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the Berycid\'91, a family of marine
fishes.
Ber"yl (?), n. [F.
b\'82ryl, OF. beril, L. beryllus, Gr.
/, prob. fr. Skr. vaid/rya. Cf.
Brilliant.] (Min.) A mineral of
great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs
in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color,
but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium
and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a
transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The
emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry,
and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the
presence of a little oxide of chromium.
Ber"yl*line (?), a. Like a
beryl; of a light or bluish green color.
Be*ryl"li*um (/), n.
[NL.] (Chem.) A metallic element found
in the beryl. See Glucinum.
Ber"yl*loid (?), n.
[Beryl + -oid.]
(Crystallog.) A solid consisting of a double
twelve-sided pyramid; -- so called because the planes of this
form occur on crystals of beryl.
{ Be*saiel", Be*saile", Be*sayle"
(/) }, n. [OF.
beseel, F. bisa\'8beul, fr. L.
bis twice + LL. avolus, dim. of L.
avus grandfather.] 1. A
great-grandfather. [Obs.]
2. (Law) A kind of writ which formerly
lay where a great-grandfather died seized of lands in fee simple,
and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept
the heir out. This is now abolished.
Blackstone.
Be*saint" (?), v. t. To make a
saint of.
Be*sant" (?), n. See
Bezant.
Bes-ant"ler (?), n. Same as
Bez-antler.
Be*scat"ter (?), v. t. 1.
To scatter over.
2. To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to
strew. \'bdWith flowers bescattered.\'b8
Spenser.
Be*scorn" (?), v. t. To treat
with scorn. \'bdThen was he bescorned.\'b8
Chaucer.
Be*scratch" (?), v. t. To tear
with the nails; to cover with scratches.
Be*scrawl" (?), v. t. To cover
with scrawls; to scribble over.
Milton.
Be*screen" (?), v. t. To cover
with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.
Shak.
Be*scrib"ble (?), v. t. To
scribble over. \'bdBescribbled with
impertinences.\'b8
Milton.
{ Be*scum"ber (?), Be*scum"mer
(?), } v. t. [Pref. be-
+ scumber, scummer.] To
discharge ordure or dung upon. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Be*see" (?), v. t. & i. [AS.
bese\'a2n; pref. be- + /e\'a2n
to see.] To see; to look; to mind.
[Obs.]
Wyclif.
Be*seech" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besought
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beseeching.] [OE. bisechen,
biseken (akin to G. besuchen to visit);
pref. be- + sechen, seken, to
seek. See Seek.] 1. To ask or
entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.
I beseech you, punish me not with your hard
thoughts.
Shak.
But Eve . . . besought his peace.
Milton.
Syn. -- To beg; to crave. -- To
Beseech, Entreat, Solicit,
Implore, Supplicate. These words agree in
marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To
solicit is to make a request, with some degree of
earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior.
To entreat implies greater urgency, usually enforced
by adducing reasons or arguments. To beseech is still
stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and
imagination. To implore denotes increased fervor of
entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To
supplicate expresses the extreme of entreaty, and
usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive
supplicates a conqueror to spare his life. Men
solicit by virtue of their interest with another; they
entreat in the use of reasoning and strong
representations; they beseech with importunate
earnestness; they implore from a sense of overwhelming
distress; they supplicate with a feeling of the most
absolute inferiority and dependence.
Be*seech", n. Solicitation;
supplication. [Obs. or Poetic]
Shak.
Be*seech"er (?), n. One who
beseeches.
Be*seech"ing, a. Entreating urgently;
imploring; as, a beseeching look. --
Be*seech"ing*ly, adv. --
Be*seech"ing*ness, n.
Be*seech"ment (?), n. The act
of beseeching or entreating earnestly. [R.]
Goodwin.
Be*seek" (?), v. t. To
beseech. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*seem" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beseemed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beseeming.] [Pref. be- +
seem.] Literally: To appear or seem
(well, ill, best, etc.) for
(one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper
for, or worthy of; to become; to befit.
A duty well beseeming the preachers.
Clarendon.
What form of speech or behavior beseemeth us, in
our prayers to God ?
Hocker.
Be*seem", v. i. To seem; to appear; to
be fitting. [Obs.] \'bdAs beseemed
best.\'b8
Spenser.
Be*seem"ing, n. 1. Appearance;
look; garb. [Obs.]
I . . . did company these three in poor
beseeming.
Shak.
2. Comeliness.
Baret.
Be*seem"ing, a. Becoming;
suitable. [Archaic] --
Be*seem"ing*ly, adv. --
Be*seem"ing*ness, n.
Be*seem"ly, a. Fit; suitable;
becoming. [Archaic]
In beseemly order sitten there.
Shenstone.
Be*seen" (?), a. [Properly the
p. p. of besee.]
1. Seen; appearing. [Obs. or
Archaic]
2. Decked or adorned; clad.
[Archaic]
Chaucer.
3. Accomplished; versed.
[Archaic]
Spenser.
Be*set" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beset; p. pr. &
vb. n. Besetting.] [AS.
besettan (akin to OHG. bisazjan, G.
besetzen, D. bezetten); pref.
be- + settan to set. See
Set.] 1. To set or stud (anything)
with ornaments or prominent objects.
A robe of azure beset with drops of gold.
Spectator.
The garden is so beset with all manner of sweet
shrubs that it perfumes the air.
Evelyn.
2. To hem in; to waylay; to surround; to besiege;
to blockade. \'bdBeset with foes.\'b8
Milton.
Let thy troops beset our gates.
Addison.
3. To set upon on all sides; to perplex; to harass;
-- said of dangers, obstacles, etc. \'bdAdam, sore
beset, replied.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdBeset with ills.\'b8 Addison.
\'bdIncommodities which beset old age.\'b8
Burke.
4. To occupy; to employ; to use up.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To surround; inclose; environ; hem in; besiege;
encircle; encompass; embarrass; urge; press.
Be*set"ment (?), n. The act of
besetting, or the state of being beset; also, that which besets
one, as a sin. \'bdFearing a besetment.\'b8
Kane.
Be*set"ter (?), n. One who, or
that which, besets.
Be*set"ting, a. Habitually attacking,
harassing, or pressing upon or about; as, a
besetting sin.
Be*shine" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beshone; p. pr.
& vb. n. Beshining.] To shine
upon; to ullumine.
\'d8Be*show" (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large food fish
(Anoplopoma fimbria) of the north Pacific coast; --
called also candlefish.
Be*shrew" (?), v. t. To curse;
to execrate.
Beshrew me, but I love her heartily.
Shak.
Schmidt.
Be*shroud" (?), v. t. To cover
with, or as with, a shroud; to screen.
Be*shut" (?), v. t. To shut up
or out. [Obs.]
Be*side" (?), prep. [OE.
biside, bisiden, bisides, prep.
and adv., beside, besides; pref. be- by +
side. Cf. Besides, and see Side,
n.] 1. At the side of; on one side
of. \'bdBeside him hung his bow.\'b8
Milton.
2. Aside from; out of the regular course or order
of; in a state of deviation from; out of.
[You] have done enough
To put him quite beside his patience.
Shak.
3. Over and above; distinct from; in addition
to. [In this use besides is now
commoner.]
Wise and learned men beside those whose names are
in the Christian records.
Addison.
To be beside one's self, to be out ob one's
wits or senses.
Paul, thou art beside thyself.
Acts xxvi. 24.
Syn. -- Beside, Besides.
These words, whether used as prepositions or adverbs, have been
considered strictly synonymous, from an early period of our
literature, and have been freely interchanged by our best
writers. There is, however, a tendency, in present usage, to make
the following distinction between them: 1. That beside
be used only and always as a preposition, with the original
meaning \'bdby the side of; \'b8 as, to sit beside a
fountain; or with the closely allied meaning \'bdaside from\'b8,
\'bdapart from\'b8, or \'bdout of\'b8; as, this is
beside our present purpose; to be beside
one's self with joy. The adverbial sense to be wholly transferred
to the cognate word. 2. That besides, as a
preposition, take the remaining sense \'bdin addition to\'b8, as,
besides all this; besides the
considerations here offered. \'bdThere was a famine in the land
besides the first famine.\'b8 Gen. xxvi. 1. And that it
also take the adverbial sense of \'bdmoreover\'b8,
\'bdbeyond\'b8, etc., which had been divided between the words;
as, besides, there are other considerations which
belong to this case. The following passages may serve to
illustrate this use of the words: --
Lovely Thais sits beside thee.
Dryden.
Only be patient till we have appeased
The multitude, beside themselves with fear.
Shak.
It is beside my present business to enlarge on this
speculation.
Locke.
Besides this, there are persons in certain
situations who are expected to be charitable.
Bp. Porteus.
And, besides, the Moor
May unfold me to him; there stand I in much peril.
Shak.
That man that does not know those things which are of
necessity for him to know is but an ignorant man, whatever he may
know besides.
Tillotson.
See Moreover.
{ Be*sides" (?), Be*side"
(?), } adv. [OE. Same as
beside, prep.; the ending -s is an
adverbial one, prop. a genitive sign.] 1. On
one side. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
2. More than that; over and above; not included in
the number, or in what has been mentioned; moreover; in
addition.
The men said unto Lot, Hast thou here any besides
?
Gen. xix. 12.
To all beside, as much an empty shade,
An Eugene living, as a C\'91sar dead.
Pope.
Be*sides (?), prep. Over and
above; separate or distinct from; in addition to; other than;
else than. See Beside, prep., 3, and Syn.
under Beside.
Besides your cheer, you shall have sport.
Shak.
Be*siege" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besieged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Besieging.] [OE. bisegen;
pref. be- + segen to siege. See
Siege.] To beset or surround with armed
forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender; to lay siege
to; to beleaguer; to beset.
Till Paris was besieged, famished, and lost.
Shak.
Syn. -- To environ; hem in; invest; encompass.
Be*siege"ment (?), n. The act
of besieging, or the state of being besieged.
Golding.
Be*sie"ger (?), n. One who
besieges; -- opposed to the besieged.
Be*sie"ging (?), a. That
besieges; laying siege to. --
Be*sie"ging*ly, adv.
Be*sit" (?), v. t. [Pref.
be- + sit.] To suit; to fit; to
become. [Obs.]
Be*slab"ber (?), v. t. To
beslobber.
Be*slave" (?), v. t. To
enslave. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Be*slav"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Beslavered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Beslavering.] To defile with slaver; to
beslobber.
Be*slime" (?), v. t. To daub
with slime; to soil. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Be*slob"ber (?), v. t. To
slobber on; to smear with spittle running from the mouth. Also
Fig.: as, to beslobber with praise.
Be*slub"ber (?), v. t. To
beslobber.
Be*smear" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besmeared
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Besmearing.] To smear with any viscous,
glutinous matter; to bedaub; to soil.
Besmeared with precious balm.
Spenser.
Be*smear"er (?), n. One that
besmears.
Be*smirch" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besmirched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Besmirching.] To smirch or soil; to
discolor; to obscure. Hence: To dishonor; to sully.
Shak.
Be*smoke" (?), v. t. 1.
To foul with smoke.
2. To harden or dry in smoke.
Johnson.
Be*smut" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besmutted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Besmutting.] [Pref.
be- + smut: cf. AS. besm\'c6tan,
and also OE. besmotren.] To blacken with
smut; to foul with soot.
Be*snow" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besnowed
(#).] [OE. bisnewen, AS.
besn\'c6wan; pref. be- +
sn\'c6wan to snow.] 1. To scatter
like snow; to cover thick, as with snow flakes.
[R.]
Gower.
2. To cover with snow; to whiten with snow, or as
with snow.
Be*snuff" (?), v. t. To befoul
with snuff.
Young.
Be*sogne" (?), n. [F.
bisogne.] A worthless fellow; a
bezonian. [Obs.]
Be"som (?), n. [OE.
besme, besum, AS. besma; akin to
D. bezem, OHG pesamo, G. besen;
of uncertain origin.] A brush of twigs for sweeping; a
broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys.
[Archaic or Fig.]
I will sweep it with the besom of destruction.
Isa. xiv. 23.
The housemaid with her besom.
W. Irving.
Be"som, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Besomed (#).] To
sweep, as with a besom. [Archaic or Poetic]
Cowper.
Rolls back all Greece, and besoms wide the
plain.
Barlow.
Be"som*er (?), n. One who uses
a besom. [Archaic]
Be*sort" (?), v. t. To assort
or be congruous with; to fit, or become.
[Obs.]
Such men as may besort your age.
Shak.
Be*sort", n. Befitting associates or
attendants. [Obs.]
With such accommodation and besort
As levels with her breeding.
Shak.
Be*sot" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besotted
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Besotting.] To make sottish; to make
dull or stupid; to stupefy; to infatuate.
Fools besotted with their crimes.
Hudibras.
Be*sot"ted, a. Made sottish, senseless,
or infatuated; characterized by drunken stupidity, or by
infatuation; stupefied. \'bdBesotted
devotion.\'b8 Sir W. Scott. --
Be*sot"ted*ly, adv. --
Be*sot"ted*ness, n.
Milton.
Be*sot"ting*ly, adv. In a besotting
manner.
Be*sought" (?), p. p. of
Beseech.
Be*span"gle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bespangled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Bespangling
(#).] To adorn with spangles; to dot or
sprinkle with something brilliant or glittering.
The grass . . . is all bespangled with
dewdrops.
Cowper.
Be*spat"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bespattered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespattering.] 1. To soil by
spattering; to sprinkle, esp. with dirty water, mud, or anything
which will leave foul spots or stains.
2. To asperse with calumny or reproach.
Whom never faction could bespatter.
Swift.
Be*spawl" (?), v. t. To daub,
soil, or make foul with spawl or spittle.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Be*speak" (?), v. t.
[imp. Bespoke (?),
Bespake (Archaic); p. p.
Bespoke, Bespoken (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Bespeaking.] [OE.
bispeken, AS. besprecan, to speak to,
accuse; pref. be- + sprecan to speak. See
Speak.] 1. To speak or arrange for
beforehand; to order or engage against a future time; as, to
bespeak goods, a right, or a favor.
Concluding, naturally, that to gratify his avarice was to
bespeak his favor.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To show beforehand; to foretell; to
indicate.
[They] bespoke dangers . . . in order to scare the
allies.
Swift.
3. To betoken; to show; to indicate by external
marks or appearances.
When the abbot of St. Martin was born, he had so little the
figure of a man that it bespoke him rather a
monster.
Locke.
4. To speak to; to address.
[Poetic]
He thus the queen bespoke.
Dryden.
Be*speak", v. i. To speak.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Be*speak", n. A bespeaking. Among
actors, a benefit (when a particular play is bespoken.)
\'bdThe night of her bespeak.\'b8
Dickens.
Be*speak"er (?), n. One who
bespeaks.
Be*spec"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bespeckled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespeckling.] To mark with speckles or
spots.
Milton.
Be*spew" (?), v. t. To soil or
daub with spew; to vomit on.
Be*spice" (?), v. t. To season
with spice, or with some spicy drug.
Shak.
Be*spirt" (?), v. t. Same as
Bespurt.
<-- p. 140 -->
<-- p. 140 -->
Be*spit (?), v. t.
[imp. Bespit; p. p.
Bespit, Bespitten (/); p. pr. &
vb. n. Bespitting.] To daub or
soil with spittle.
Johnson.
Be*spoke" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bespeak.
Be*spot" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bespotted
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bespotting.] To mark with spots, or as
with spots.
Be*spread" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bespread; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bespreading.] To
spread or cover over.
The carpet which bespread
His rich pavilion's floor.
Glover.
Be*sprent" (?), p. p. [OE.
bespreynt, p. p. of besprengen,
bisprengen, to besprinkle, AS. besprengan,
akin to D. & G. besprengen; pref. be- +
sprengan to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.]
Sprinkled over; strewed.
His face besprent with liquid crystal shines.
Shenstone.
The floor with tassels of fir was besprent.
Longfellow.
Be*sprin"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Besprinkled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Besprinkling
(#).] To sprinkle over; to scatter
over.
The bed besprinkles, and bedews the ground.
Dryden.
Be*sprin"kler (?), n. One who,
or that which, besprinkles.
Be*sprin"kling (?), n. The act
of sprinkling anything; a sprinkling over.
Be*spurt" (?), v. t. To spurt
on or over; to asperse. [Obs.]
Milton.
Bes"se*mer steel` (/). Steel made
directly from cast iron, by burning out a portion of the carbon
and other impurities that the latter contains, through the agency
of a blast of air which is forced through the molten metal; -- so
called from Sir Henry Bessemer, an English engineer,
the inventor of the process.
Best (?), a.; superl.
of Good. [AS. besta, best,
contr. from betest, betst,
betsta; akin to Goth. batists, OHG.
pezzisto, G. best, beste, D.
best, Icel. beztr, Dan. best,
Sw. b\'84st. This word has no connection in origin
with good. See Better.] 1.
Having good qualities in the highest degree; most good,
kind, desirable, suitable, etc.; most excellent; as, the
best man; the best road; the best
cloth; the best abilities.
When he is best, he is a little worse than a
man.
Shak.
Heaven's last, best gift, my ever new delight.
Milton.
2. Most advanced; most correct or complete; as,
the best scholar; the best view of a
subject.
3. Most; largest; as, the best part of
a week.
Best man, the only or principal groomsman at a
wedding ceremony.
Best, n. Utmost; highest endeavor or
state; most nearly perfect thing, or being, or action; as, to
do one's best; to the best of our
ability.
At best, in the utmost degree or extent
applicable to the case; under the most favorable circumstances;
as, life is at best very short. -- For
best, finally. [Obs.] \'bdThose
constitutions . . . are now established for best, and
not to be mended.\'b8 Milton. -- To get the best
of, to gain an advantage over, whether fairly or
unfairly. -- To make the best of. (a)
To improve to the utmost; to use or dispose of to the
greatest advantage. \'bdLet there be freedom to carry their
commodities where they can make the best of them.\'b8
Bacon. (b) To reduce to the least possible
inconvenience; as, to make the best of ill fortune or a
bad bargain.
Best, adv.; superl. of
Well. 1. In the highest degree; beyond all
others. \'bdThou serpent! That name best befits
thee.\'b8
Milton.
He prayeth best, who loveth best
All things both great and small.
Coleridge.
2. To the most advantage; with the most success,
case, profit, benefit, or propriety.
Had we best retire? I see a storm.
Milton.
Had I not best go to her?
Thackeray.
3. Most intimately; most thoroughly or correctly;
as, what is expedient is best known to
himself.
Best, v. t. To get the better of.
[Colloq.]
Be*stad" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bestead. Beset; put in peril.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*stain" (?), v. t. To
stain.
Be*star" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestarred
(#).] To sprinkle with, or as with,
stars; to decorate with, or as with, stars; to bestud.
\'bdBestarred with anemones.\'b8
W. Black.
Be*stead" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestead or
Bested, also (Obs.) Bestad. In
sense 3 imp. also Besteaded.]
[Pref. be- + stead a place.]
1. To put in a certain situation or condition; to
circumstance; to place. [Only in p. p.]
They shall pass through it, hardly bestead and
hungry: . . . and curse their king and their God.
Is. viii. 21.
Many far worse bestead than ourselves.
Barrow.
2. To put in peril; to beset. [Only in
p. p.]
Chaucer.
3. To serve; to assist; to profit; to avail.
Milton.
Bes"tial (?), a. [F.
bestial, L. bestialis, fr.
bestia beast. See Beast.] 1.
Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts.
Among the bestial herds to range.
Milton.
2. Having the qualities of a beast; brutal; below
the dignity of reason or humanity; irrational; carnal; beastly;
sensual.
Shak.
Syn. -- Brutish; beastly; brutal; carnal; vile; low;
depraved; sensual; filthy.
Bes"tial, n. A domestic animal; also
collectively, cattle; as, other kinds of
bestial. [Scot.]
Bes*tial"i*ty (?), n. [F.
bestialit\'82.] 1. The state or
quality of being bestial.
2. Unnatural connection with a beast.
Bes"tial*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestialized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bestializing.] To make bestial, or like
a beast; to degrade; to brutalize.
The process of bestializing humanity.
Hare.
Bes"tial*ly, adv. In a bestial
manner.
Be*stick" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestuck
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Besticking.] To stick over, as with
sharp points pressed in; to mark by infixing points or spots here
and there; to pierce.
Truth shall retire
Bestuck with slanderous darts.
Milton.
Be*still" (?), v. t. To make
still.
Be*stir" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestirred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bestirring.] To put into brisk or
vigorous action; to move with life and vigor; -- usually with the
reciprocal pronoun.
You have so bestirred your valor.
Shak.
Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake.
Milton.
Be*storm" (?), v. i. & t. To
storm.
Young.
Be*stow" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestowed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bestowing.] [OE. bestowen;
pref. be- + stow a place. See
Stow.] 1. To lay up in store; to
deposit for safe keeping; to stow; to place; to put. \'bdHe
bestowed it in a pouch.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
See that the women are bestowed in safety.
Byron.
2. To use; to apply; to devote, as time or strength
in some occupation.
3. To expend, as money. [Obs.]
4. To give or confer; to impart; -- with on or
upon.
Empire is on us bestowed.
Cowper.
Though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor.
1 Cor. xiii. 3.
5. To give in marriage.
I could have bestowed her upon a fine
gentleman.
Tatler.
6. To demean; to conduct; to behave; -- followed by
a reflexive pronoun. [Obs.]
How might we see Falstaff bestow himself to-night
in his true colors, and not ourselves be seen ?
Shak.
Syn. -- To give; grant; present; confer; accord.
Be*stow"al (?), n. The act of
bestowing; disposal.
Be*stow"er (?), n. One that
bestows.
Be*stow"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of giving or bestowing; a conferring or
bestowal.
If we consider this bestowment of gifts in this
view.
Chauncy.
2. That which is given or bestowed.
They almost refuse to give due praise and credit to God's own
bestowments.
I. Taylor.
Be*strad"dle (?), v. t. To
bestride.
Be*straught" (?), a. [Pref.
be- + straught; prob. here used for
distraught.] Out of one's senses;
distracted; mad. [Obs.]
Shak.
Be*streak" (?), v. t. To
streak.
Be*strew" (?), v. t.
[imp. Bestrewed (?);
p. p. Bestrewed, Bestrown (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bestrewing.]
To strew or scatter over; to besprinkle.
[Spelt also bestrow.]
Milton.
Be*stride" (?), v. t.
[imp. Bestrode (?),
(Obs. or R.) Bestrid (/);
p. p. Bestridden (?),
Bestrid, Bestrode; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bestriding.] [AS.
bestr\'c6dan; pref. be- +
str\'c6dan to stride.] 1. To stand
or sit with anything between the legs, or with the legs astride;
to stand over
That horse that thou so often hast bestrid.
Shak.
Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world
Like a Colossus.
Shak.
2. To step over; to stride over or across; as,
to bestride a threshold.
Be*strode" (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bestride.
Be*strown" (?), p. p. of
Bestrew.
Be*stuck" (?), imp. & p. p.
Bestick.
Be*stud" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bestudded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bestudding.] To set
or adorn, as with studs or bosses; to set thickly; to stud;
as, to bestud with stars.
Milton.
Be*swike", v. t. [AS.
besw\'c6can; be- + sw\'c6can to
deceive, entice; akin to OS. sw\'c6kan, OHG.
sw\'c6hhan, Icel. sv\'c6kja.] To
lure; to cheat. [Obs.]
Gower.
Bet (?), n. [Prob. from OE.
abet abetting, OF. abet, fr.
abeter to excite, incite. See Abet.]
That which is laid, staked, or pledged, as between two
parties, upon the event of a contest or any contingent issue; the
act of giving such a pledge; a wager. \'bdHaving made his
bets.\'b8
Goldsmith.
Bet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bet, Betted (#); p. pr.
& vb. n. Betting.] To stake or
pledge upon the event of a contingent issue; to wager.
John a Gaunt loved him well, and betted much money
on his head.
Shak.
I'll bet you two to one I'll make him do it.
O. W. Holmes.
Bet, imp. & p. p. of
Beat. [Obs.]
Bet, a. & adv. An early form of
Better. [Obs.]
To go bet, to go fast; to hurry.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be"ta*ine (?), n. [From
beta, generic name of the beet.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous base,
C5H11NO2, produced artificially, and also
occurring naturally in beetroot molasses and its residues, from
which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called
also lycine and oxyneurine.
It has a sweetish taste.
<-- not the amino acid lysine -->
Be*take" (?), v. t.
[imp. Betook (#); p.
p. Betaken (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Betaking.] [Pref.
be- + take.] 1. To take
or seize. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To have recourse to; to apply; to resort; to go;
-- with a reflexive pronoun.
They betook themselves to treaty and
submission.
Burke.
The rest, in imitation, to like arms
Betook them.
Milton.
Whither shall I betake me, where subsist?
Milton.
3. To commend or intrust to; to commit to.
[Obs.]
Be*taught" (?),a. [p. p. of OE.
bitechen, AS. bet/can, to assign,
deliver. See Teach.] Delivered; committed in
trust. [Obs.]
Bete (?), v. t. To better; to
mend. See Beete. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*tee"la (?), n. [Pg.
beatilha.] An East India muslin, formerly
used for cravats, veils, etc. [Obs.]
Be*teem" (?), v. t. [Pref.
be- + an old verb teem to be fitting; cf.
D. betamen to beseem, G. ziemen, Goth.
gatiman, and E. tame. See Tame,
a.] 1. To give ; to bestow; to
grant; to accord; to consent. [Obs.]
Spenser. Milton.
2. To allow; to permit; to suffer.
[Obs.]
So loving to my mother,
That he might not beteem the winds of heaven
Visit her face too roughly.
Shak.
Be"tel (?), n. [Pg., fr. Tamil
vettilei, prop. meaning, a mere leaf.]
(Bot.) A species of pepper (Piper
betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or
betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East
Indies. I is a woody climber with ovate manynerved leaves.
Bet"el*guese (?), n. [F.
B\'82telgeuse, of Arabic origin.]
(Astron.) A bright star of the first magnitude,
near one shoulder of Orion. [Written also
Betelgeux and Betelgeuse.]
Be"tel nut` (?). The nutlike seed of the
areca palm, chewed in the East with betel leaves (whence its
name) and shell lime.
\'d8B\'88te" noire" (?). [Fr., lit. black
beast.] Something especially hated or dreaded; a
bugbear.
Beth*ab"a*ra wood` (?). (Bot.)
A highly elastic wood, used for fishing rods, etc. The tree
is unknown, but it is thought to be East Indian.
Beth"el (?), n. [Heb.
b/th-el house of God.]
1. A place of worship; a hallowed spot.
S. F. Adams.
2. A chapel for dissenters.
[Eng.]
3. A house of worship for seamen.
Be*think" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bethought
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bethinking.] [AS.
be/encan; pref. be- + /encan
to think. See Think.] To call to mind; to
recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or consideration; to
think; to consider; -- generally followed by a reflexive pronoun,
often with of or that before the subject of
thought.
I have bethought me of another fault.
Shak.
The rest . . . may . . . bethink themselves, and
recover.
Milton.
We bethink a means to break it off.
Shak.
Syn. -- To recollect; remember; reflect.
Be*think", v. i. To think; to recollect;
to consider. \'bdBethink ere thou dismiss
us.\'b8
Byron.
Beth"le*hem (?), n. [Heb.
b/th-lekhem house of food; b/th house +
lekhem food, l\'bekham to eat. Formerly the
name of a hospital for the insane, in London, which had been the
priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem. Cf. Bedlam.]
1. A hospital for lunatics; -- corrupted into
bedlam.
2. (Arch.) In the Ethiopic church, a
small building attached to a church edifice, in which the bread
for the eucharist is made.
Audsley.
{ Beth"le*hem*ite (?),
Beth"lem*ite (?), } n.
1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.
2. An insane person; a madman; a bedlamite.
3. One of an extinct English order of monks.
Be*thought" (?), imp. & p. p.
of Bethink.
Be*thrall" (?), v. t. To reduce
to thralldom; to inthrall. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Be*thumb" (?), v. t. To handle;
to wear or soil by handling; as books.
Poe.
Be*thump" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bethumped
(#), or Bethumpt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bethumping.] To beat or thump
soundly.
Shak.
Be*tide" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betided
(#), Obs. Betid (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Betiding.]
[OE. bitiden; pref. bi-,
be- + tiden, fr. AS. t\'c6dan,
to happen, fr. t\'c6d time. See Tide.]
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe
betide the wanderer.
What will betide the few ?
Milton.
Be*tide", v. i. To come to pass; to
happen; to occur.
A salve for any sore that may betide.
Shak.
of. \'bdWhat
would betide of me ?\'b8
{ Be*time" (?), Be*times"
(?), } adv. [Pref. be-
(for by) + time; that is, by the proper
time. The -s is an adverbial ending.]
1. In good season or time; before it is late;
seasonably; early.
To measure life learn thou betimes.
Milton.
To rise betimes is often harder than to do all the
day's work.
Barrow.
2. In a short time; soon; speedily; forth
with.
He tires betimes that spurs too fast betimes.
Shak.
Be*ti"tle (?), v. t. To furnish
with a title or titles; to entitle. [Obs.]
Carlyle.
Be*to"ken (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betokened
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Betokening.] 1. To signify by
some visible object; to show by signs or tokens.
A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow . . .
Betokening peace from God, and covenant new.
Milton.
2. To foreshow by present signs; to indicate
something future by that which is seen or known; as, a dark
cloud often betokens a storm.
Syn. -- To presage; portend; indicate; mark; note.
\'d8B\'82`ton" (?), n. [F.
b\'82ton, fr. L. bitumen bitumen.]
(Masonry) The French name for concrete; hence,
concrete made after the French fashion.
Be*tongue" (?), v. t. To attack
with the tongue; to abuse; to insult.
Bet"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Betonies (#). [OE.
betony, betany, F. betoine, fr.
L. betonica, vettonica.]
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Betonica
(Linn.).
B.
officinalis, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly
used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a
yellow color.
Be*took" (?), imp. of
Betake.
Be*torn" (?), a. Torn in
pieces; tattered.
Be*toss (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betossed
(#).] To put in violent motion; to
agitate; to disturb; to toss. \'bdMy betossed
soul.\'b8
Shak.
Be*trap" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betrapped
(#).] 1. To draw into, or
catch in, a trap; to insnare; to circumvent.
Gower.
2. To put trappings on; to clothe; to deck.
After them followed two other chariots covered with red satin,
and the horses betrapped with the same.
Stow.
<-- p. 141 -->
Be*tray" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betrayed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Betraying.] [OE. betraien,
bitraien; pref. be- + OF.
tra\'8br to bertray, F. trahir, fr. L.
tradere. See Traitor.] 1.
To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud,
in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly;
as, an officer betrayed the city.
Jesus said unto them, The Son of man shall be
betrayed into the hands of men.
Matt. xvii. 22.
2. To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a
trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive; as, to
betray a person or a cause.
But when I rise, I shall find my legs betraying
me.
Johnson.
3. To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a
secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make
known.
Willing to serve or betray any government for
hire.
Macaulay.
4. To disclose or discover, as something which
prudence would conceal; to reveal unintentionally.
Be swift to hear, but cautious of your tongue, lest you
betray your ignorance.
T. Watts.
5. To mislead; to expose to inconvenience not
foreseen to lead into error or sin.
Genius . . . often betrays itself into great
errors.
T. Watts.
6. To lead astray, as a maiden; to seduce (as under
promise of marriage) and then abandon.
7. To show or to indicate; -- said of what is not
obvious at first, or would otherwise be concealed.
All the names in the country betray great
antiquity.
Bryant.
Be*tray"al (?) n. The act or
the result of betraying.
Be*tray"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, betrays.
Be*tray"ment (?), n.
Betrayal. [R.]
Udall.
Be*trim" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betrimmed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Betrimming.] To set in order; to adorn;
to deck, to embellish; to trim.
Shak.
Be*troth" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betrothed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Betrothing.] [Pref. be- +
troth, i. e., truth. See
Truth.] 1. To contract to any one
for a marriage; to engage or promise in order to marriage; to
affiance; -- used esp. of a woman.
He, in the first flower of my freshest age,
Betrothed me unto the only heir.
Spenser.
Ay, and we are betrothed.
Shak.
2. To promise to take (as a future spouse); to
plight one's troth to.
What man is there that hath betrothed a wife, and
hath not taken her?
Deut. xx. 7.
3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to
consecration.
Ayliffe.
Be*troth"al (?), n. The act of
betrothing, or the fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise,
engagement, or contract for a future marriage between the persons
betrothed; betrothment; affiance. \'bdThe feast of
betrothal.\'b8
Longfellow.
Be*troth"ment (?), n. The act
of betrothing, or the state of being betrothed; betrothal.
Be*trust" (?), v. t. To trust
or intrust. [Obs.]
Be*trust"ment (?), n. The act
of intrusting, or the thing intrusted. [Obs.]
Chipman.
\'d8Bet"so (?), n. [It.
bezzo.] A small brass Venetian coin.
[Obs.]
Bet"ter (?), a.; compar.
of Good. [OE. betere, bettre, and as
adv. bet, AS. betera, adj., and
bet, adv.; akin to Icel. betri, adj.,
betr, adv., Goth. batiza, adj., OHG.
bezziro, adj., baz, adv., G.
besser, adj. and adv., bass, adv., E.
boot, and prob. to Skr. bhadra excellent.
See Boot advantage, and cf. Best,
Batful.] 1. Having good qualities in
a greater degree than another; as, a better man; a
better physician; a better house; a
better air.
Could make the worse appear
The better reason.
Milton.
2. Preferable in regard to rank, value, use,
fitness, acceptableness, safety, or in any other respect.
To obey is better than sacrifice.
1 Sam. xv. 22.
It is better to trust in the Lord than to put
confidence in princes.
Ps. cxviii. 9.
3. Greater in amount; larger; more.
4. Improved in health; less affected with disease;
as, the patient is better.
5. More advanced; more perfect; as, upon
better acquaintance; a better knowledge of the
subject.
All the better. See under All,
adv. -- Better half, an expression
used to designate one's wife.
My dear, my better half (said he),
I find I must now leave thee.
Sir P. Sidney.
-- To be better off, to be in a better
condition. -- Had better. (See under
Had). The phrase had better,
followed by an infinitive without to, is idiomatic.
The earliest form of construction was \'bdwere better\'b8 with a
dative; as, \'bdHim were better go beside.\'b8
(Gower.) i. e., It would be better for him,
etc. At length the nominative (I, he, they, etc.) supplanted the
dative and had took the place of were. Thus
we have the construction now used.
By all that's holy, he had better starve
Than but once think this place becomes thee not.
Shak.
Bet"ter, n. 1. Advantage,
superiority, or victory; -- usually with of; as, to get the
better of an enemy.
2. One who has a claim to precedence; a superior,
as in merit, social standing, etc.; -- usually in the
plural.
Their betters would hardly be found.
Hooker.
For the better, in the way of improvement; so
as to produce improvement. \'bdIf I have altered him anywhere
for the better.\'b8
Dryden.
Bet"ter, adv.; compar. of
Well. 1. In a superior or more excellent
manner; with more skill and wisdom, courage, virtue, advantage,
or success; as, Henry writes better than John;
veterans fight better than recruits.
I could have better spared a better man.
Shak.
2. More correctly or thoroughly.
The better to understand the extent of our
knowledge.
Locke.
3. In a higher or greater degree; more; as, to
love one better than another.
Never was monarch better feared, and loved.
Shak.
4. More, in reference to value, distance, time,
etc.; as, ten miles and better.
[Colloq.]
To think better of (any one), to have a more
favorable opinion of any one. -- To think better
of (an opinion, resolution, etc.), to reconsider and
alter one's decision.
Bet"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bettered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bettering.] [AS. beterian,
betrian, fr. betera better. See
Better, a.] 1. To improve
or ameliorate; to increase the good qualities of.
Love betters what is best.
Wordsworth.
He thought to better his circumstances.
Thackeray.
2. To improve the condition of, morally,
physically, financially, socially, or otherwise.
The constant effort of every man to better
himself.
Macaulay.
3. To surpass in excellence; to exceed; to
excel.
The works of nature do always aim at that which can not be
bettered.
Hooker.
4. To give advantage to; to support; to advance the
interest of. [Obs.]
Weapons more violent, when next we meet,
May serve to better us and worse our foes.
Milton.
Syn. -- To improve; meliorate; ameliorate; mend; amend;
correct; emend; reform; advance; promote.
Bet"ter, v. i. To become better; to
improve.
Carlyle.
Bet"ter, n. One who bets or lays a
wager.
Bet"ter*ment (?), n. 1.
A making better; amendment; improvement.
W. Montagu.
2. (Law) An improvement of an estate
which renders it better than mere repairing would do; --
generally used in the plural. [U. S.]
Bouvier.
Bet"ter*most` (?), a.
Best. [R.] \'bdThe bettermost
classes.\'b8
Brougham.
Bet"ter*ness, n. 1. The quality
of being better or superior; superiority. [R.]
Sir P. Sidney.
2. The difference by which fine gold or silver
exceeds in fineness the standard.
\'d8Bet"tong (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small, leaping
Australian marsupial of the genus Bettongia; the
jerboa kangaroo.
Bet"tor (?), n. One who bets; a
better.
Addison.
Bet"ty (?), n. 1.
[Supposed to be a cant word, from Betty, for
Elizabeth, as such an instrument is also called
Bess (i. e., Elizabeth) in the Canting
Dictionary of 1725, and Jenny (i. e.,
Jane).] A short bar used by thieves to
wrench doors open. [Written also
bettee.]
The powerful betty, or the artful picklock.
Arbuthnot.
2. [Betty, nickname for
Elizabeth.] A name of contempt given to a man who
interferes with the duties of women in a household, or who
occupies himself with womanish matters.
3. A pear-shaped bottle covered round with straw,
in which olive oil is sometimes brought from Italy; -- called by
chemists a Florence flask. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
Bet"u*lin (?), n. [L.
betula birch tree.] (Chem.) A
substance of a resinous nature, obtained from the outer bark of
the common European birch (Betula alba), or from the
tar prepared therefrom; -- called also birch
camphor.
Watts.
Be*tum"ble (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betumbled
(#).] To throw into disorder; to
tumble. [R.]
From her betumbled couch she starteth.
Shak.
Be*tu"tor (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Betutored
(#).] To tutor; to instruct.
Coleridge.
Be*tween" (?), prep. [OE.
bytwene, bitweonen, AS.
betwe\'a2nan, betwe\'a2num; prefix
be- by + a form fr. AS. tw\'be two, akin to
Goth. tweihnai two apiece. See Twain, and cf.
Atween, Betwixt.] 1. In the
space which separates; betwixt; as, New York is
between Boston and Philadelphia.
2. Used in expressing motion from one body or place
to another; from one to another of two.
If things should go so between them.
Bacon.
3. Belonging in common to two; shared by
both.
Castor and Pollux with only one soul between
them.
Locke.
4. Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and
involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation;
as, opposition between science and
religion.
An intestine struggle, open or secret, between
authority and liberty.
Hume.
5. With relation to two, as involved in an act or
attribute of which another is the agent or subject; as, to
judge between or to choose between courses; to
distinguish between you and me; to mediate
between nations.
6. In intermediate relation to, in respect to time,
quantity, or degree; as, between nine and ten
o'clock.
Between decks, the space, or in the space,
between the decks of a vessel. -- Between
ourselves, Between you and me, Between
themselves, in confidence; with the
understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to
others.
Syn. -- Between, Among.
Between etymologically indicates only two; as, a
quarrel between two men or two nations; to be
between two fires, etc. It is however extended to more
than two in expressing a certain relation.
I . . . hope that between public business,
improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor
caprice will find any place for entrance.
Johnson.
Among implies a mass or collection of things or
persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money
was equally divided among the ship's crew.
Be*tween", n. Intermediate time or
space; interval. [Poetic & R.]
Shak.
Be*twixt" (?), prep. [OE.
betwix, bitwix, rarely bitwixt,
AS. betweox, betweohs, betweoh,
betw\'c6h; pref. be- by + a form fr. AS.
tw\'be two. See Between.]
1. In the space which separates; between.
From betwixt two aged oaks.
Milton.
2. From one to another of; mutually
affecting.
There was some speech of marriage
Betwixt myself and her.
Shak.
Betwixt and between, in a midway position;
so-so; neither one thing nor the other.
[Colloq.]
\'d8Beur*r\'82" (?), n. [F.,
fr. beurre butter.] (Bot.) A
beurr\'82 (or buttery) pear, one with the me// soft and
melting; -- used with a distinguishing word; as,
Beurr\'82 d'Anjou; Beurr\'82
Clairgeau.
Bev"el (?), n. [C. F.
biveau, earlier buveau, Sp.
baivel; of unknown origin. Cf. Bevile.]
1. Any angle other than a right angle; the angle
which one surface makes with another when they are not at right
angles; the slant or inclination of such surface; as, to give
a bevel to the edge of a table or a stone slab; the
bevel of a piece of timber.
2. An instrument consisting of two rules or arms,
jointed together at one end, and opening to any angle, for
adjusting the surfaces of work to the same or a given
inclination; -- called also a bevel
square.
Gwilt.
Bev"el, a. 1. Having the slant
of a bevel; slanting.
2. Hence: Morally distorted; not upright.
[Poetic]
I may be straight, though they themselves be
bevel.
Shak.
A bevel angle, any angle other than one of
90 -- Bevel wheel, a cogwheel whose
working face is oblique to the axis.
Knight.
Bev"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Beveled (/) or Bevelled; p. pr.
& vb. n. Beveling or
Bevelling.] To cut to a bevel angle; to
slope the edge or surface of.
Bev"el, v. i. To deviate or incline from
an angle of 90/, as a surface; to slant.
Their houses are very ill built, the walls
bevel.
Swift.
{ Bev"eled, Bev"elled }
(?), a. 1. Formed to a bevel
angle; sloping; as, the beveled edge of a
table.
2. (Min.) Replaced by two planes inclining
equally upon the adjacent planes, as an edge; having its edges
replaces by sloping planes, as a cube or other solid.
Bev"el gear` (?). (Mech.) A
kind of gear in which the two wheels working together lie in
different planes, and have their teeth cut at right angles to the
surfaces of two cones whose apices coincide with the point where
the axes of the wheels would meet.
Bev"el*ment (?), n.
(Min.) The replacement of an edge by two similar
planes, equally inclined to the including faces or adjacent
planes.
Be"ver (?), n. [OE.
bever a drink, drinking time, OF. beivre,
boivre, to drink, fr. L. bibere.]
A light repast between meals; a lunch.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Be"ver, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bevered (/).] To take a
light repast between meals. [Obs.]
Bev"er*age (?), n. [OF.
bevrage, F. breuvage, fr. beivre
to drink, fr. L. bibere. Cf. Bib, v.
t., Poison, Potable.] 1.
Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink
artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an
intoxicating beverage.
He knew no beverage but the flowing stream.
Thomson.
2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of
drink.
3. A treat, or drink money.
[Slang]
Bev"ile (?), n. [See
Bevel.] (Her.) A chief broken or
opening like a carpenter's bevel.
Encyc. Brit.
{ Bev"iled, Bev"illed }
(?), a. (Her.) Notched with
an angle like that inclosed by a carpenter's bevel; -- said of a
partition line of a shield.
Bev"y (?), n.; pl.
Bevies (#). [Perhaps orig. a
drinking company, fr. OF. bev\'82e (cf. It.
beva) a drink, beverage; then, perh., a company in
general, esp. of ladies; and last applied by sportsmen to larks,
quails, etc. See Beverage.] 1. A
company; an assembly or collection of persons, especially of
ladies.
What a bevy of beaten slaves have we here !
Beau. & Fl.
2. A flock of birds, especially quails or larks;
also, a herd of roes.
Be*wail" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewailed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bewailing.] To express deep sorrow for,
as by wailing; to lament; to wail over.
Hath widowed and unchilded many a one,
Which to this hour bewail the injury.
Shak.
Syn. -- To bemoan; grieve. -- See Deplore.
Be*wail", v. i. To express grief; to
lament.
Shak.
Be*wail"a*ble (?), a. Such as
may, or ought to, be bewailed; lamentable.
Be*wail"er (?), n. One who
bewails or laments.
Be*wail"ing, a. Wailing over;
lamenting. -- Be*wail"ing*ly,
adv.
Be*wail"ment (?), n. The act of
bewailing.
Be*wake" (?), v. t. & i. To
keep watch over; to keep awake. [Obs.]
Gower.
Be*ware" (?), v. i.
[Be, imperative of verb to be + ware.
See Ware, Wary.] 1. To be
on one's guard; to be cautious; to take care; -- commonly
followed by of or lest before the thing
that is to be avoided.
Beware of all, but most beware of man
!
Pope.
Beware the awful avalanche.
Longfellow.
2. To have a special regard; to heed.
[Obs.]
Behold, I send an Angel before thee. . . . Beware
of him, and obey his voice.
Ex. xxiii. 20, 21.
be and the
Old English ware, now wary, which is an
adjective. \'bdBe ye war of false
prophetis.\'b8 Wyclif, Matt. vii. 15. It is used
commonly in the imperative and infinitive modes, and with such
auxiliaries (shall, should,
must, etc.) as go with the infinitive.
<-- p. 142 -->
Be*ware" (?), v. t. To avoid;
to take care of; to have a care for. [Obs.]
\'bdPriest, beware your beard.\'b8
Shak.
To wish them beware the son.
Milton.
Be*wash" (?), v. t. To drench
or souse with water. \'bdLet the maids bewash
the men.\'b8
Herrick.
Be*weep" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewept (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Beweeping.]
[AS. bew/pan; pref. be- +
weep.] To weep over; to deplore; to bedew
with tears. \'bdHis timeless death
beweeping.\'b8
Drayton.
Be*weep", v. i. To weep.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Be*wet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewet,
Bewetted.] To wet or moisten.
Gay.
Be*whore" (?), v. t. 1.
To corrupt with regard to chastity; to make a whore
of.
J. Fletcher.
2. To pronounce or characterize as a whore.
Shak.
Be*wig" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewigged
(#).] To cover (the head) with a
wig.
Hawthorne.
Be*wil"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewildered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bewildering.] [Pref. be- +
wilder.] To lead into perplexity or
confusion, as for want of a plain path; to perplex with mazes; or
in general, to perplex or confuse greatly.
Lost and bewildered in the fruitless search.
Addison.
Syn. -- To perplex; puzzle; entangle; confuse; confound;
mystify; embarrass; lead astray.
Be*wil"dered (?), a. Greatly
perplexed; as, a bewildered mind.
Be*wil"dered*ness (?), n. The
state of being bewildered; bewilderment. [R.]
Be*wil"der*ing (?), a. Causing
bewilderment or great perplexity; as, bewildering
difficulties. --
Be*wil"der*ing*ly,
adv.
Be*wil"der*ment (?), n. 1.
The state of being bewildered.
2. A bewildering tangle or confusion.
He . . . soon lost all traces of it amid
bewilderment of tree trunks and underbrush.
Hawthorne.
Be*win"ter (?), v. t. To make
wintry. [Obs.]
Bew"it (?), n. [Cf. OF.
buie bond, chain, fr. L. boja neck collar,
fetter. Cf. Buoy.] A double slip of leather
by which bells are fastened to a hawk's legs.
Be*witch" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewitched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bewitching.] 1. To gain an
ascendency over by charms or incantations; to affect (esp. to
injure) by witchcraft or sorcery.
See how I am bewitched; behold, mine arm
Is like a blasted sapling withered up.
Shak.
2. To charm; to fascinate; to please to such a
degree as to take away the power of resistance; to enchant.
The charms of poetry our souls bewitch.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To enchant; captivate; charm; entrance.
Be*witch"ed*ness (?), n. The
state of being bewitched.
Gauden.
Be*witch"er (?), n. One who
bewitches.
Be*witch"er*y (?), n. The power
of bewitching or fascinating; bewitchment; charm;
fascination.
There is a certain bewitchery or fascination in
words.
South.
Be*witch"ing, a. Having power to bewitch
or fascinate; enchanting; captivating; charming. --
Be*witch"ing*ly, adv. --
Be*witch"ing*ness, n.
Be*witch"ment (?), n. 1.
The act of bewitching, or the state of being
bewitched.
Tylor.
2. The power of bewitching or charming.
Shak.
Be*won"der (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewondered
(#).] 1. To fill with
wonder. [Obs.]
2. To wonder at; to admire.
[Obs.]
Be*wrap" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bewrapped
(#).] To wrap up; to cover.
Fairfax.
Be*wray" (?), v. t. To soil.
See Beray.
Be*wray", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bewrayed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bewraying.] [OE.
bewraien, biwreyen; pref. be- +
AS. wr/gan to accuse, betray; akin to OS.
wr/gian, OHG. ruog/n, G.
r\'81gen, Icel. r\'91gja, Goth.
wr/hjan to accuse.] To expose; to reveal;
to disclose; to betray. [Obs. or Archaic]
The murder being once done, he is in less fear, and in more
hope that the deed shall not be bewrayed or known.
Robynson (More's Utopia. )
Thy speech bewrayeth thee.
Matt. xxvi. 73.
Be*wray"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, bewrays; a revealer. [Obs. or
Archaic]
Addison.
Be*wray"ment (?), n.
Betrayal. [R.]
Be*wreck" (?), v. t. To
wreck. [Obs.]
Be*wreke" (?), v. t. [Pref.
be- + wreak.] To wreak; to
avenge. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Be*wrought" (?), a. [Pref.
be- + wrought, p. p. of work, v.
t. ] Embroidered. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bey (?), n. [See Beg a
bey.] A governor of a province or district in the
Turkish dominions; also, in some places, a prince or nobleman; a
beg; as, the bey of Tunis.
Bey"lic (?), n. [Turk.]
The territory ruled by a bey.
Be*yond" (?), prep. [OE.
biyonde, bi/eonde, AS.
begeondan, prep. and adv.; pref. be- +
geond yond, yonder. See Yon,
Yonder.] 1. On the further side of;
in the same direction as, and further on or away than.
Beyond that flaming hill.
G. Fletcher.
2. At a place or time not yet reached;
before.
A thing beyond us, even before our death.
Pope.
3. Past, out of the reach or sphere of; further
than; greater than; as, the patient was beyond
medical aid; beyond one's strength.
4. In a degree or amount exceeding or surpassing;
proceeding to a greater degree than; above, as in dignity,
excellence, or quality of any kind. \'bdBeyond
expectation.\'b8
Barrow.
Beyond any of the great men of my country.
Sir P. Sidney.
Beyond sea. (Law) See under
Sea. -- To go beyond, to exceed in
ingenuity, in research, or in anything else; hence, in a bed
sense, to deceive or circumvent.
That no man go beyond and defraud his brother in
any matter.
1 Thess. iv. 6.
Be*yond" (?), adv. Further
away; at a distance; yonder.
Lo, where beyond he lyeth languishing.
Spenser.
Be*zant" (?), n. [See
Byzant.] 1. A gold coin of Byzantium
or Constantinople, varying in weight and value, usually (those
current in England) between a sovereign and a half sovereign.
There were also white or silver bezants. [Written
also besant, byzant, etc.]
2. (Her.) A circle in or, i. e., gold,
representing the gold coin called bezant.
Burke.
3. A decoration of a flat surface, as of a band or
belt, representing circular disks lapping one upon another.
Bez`-ant"ler (?), n. [L.
bis twice (OF. bes) + E.
antler.] The second branch of a stag's
horn.
Bez"el (?), n. [From an old
form of F. biseau sloping edge, prob. fr. L.
bis double. See Bi-.] The rim
which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, as the
crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.
B\'82*zique" (?), n. [F.
b\'82sigue.] A game at cards in which
various combinations of cards in the hand, when declared, score
points.
Be"zoar (?), n. [F.
b\'82zoard, fr. Ar. b\'bezahr,
b\'bedizahr, fr. Per. p\'bed-zahr bezoar;
p\'bed protecting + zahr poison; cf. Pg. &
Sp. bezoar.] A calculous concretion found
in the intestines of certain ruminant animals (as the wild goat,
the gazelle, and the Peruvian llama) formerly regarded as an
unfailing antidote for poison, and a certain remedy for eruptive,
pestilential, or putrid diseases. Hence: Any antidote or
panacea.
Bezoar orientale of India, and the Bezoar
occidentale of Peru.
Bezoar antelope. See Antelope.
-- Bezoar goat (Zo\'94l.), the wild
goat (Capra \'91gagrus). -- Bezoar
mineral, an old preparation of oxide of
antimony.
Ure.
Bez`o*ar"dic (?), a. [Cf. F.
b\'82zoardique, b\'82zoartique.]
Pertaining to, or compounded with, bezoar. --
n. A medicine containing
bezoar.
{ Bez`o*ar"tic (?),
Bez`o*ar"tic*al (?), } a.
[See Bezoardic.] Having the qualities of
an antidote, or of bezoar; healing. [Obs.]
Be*zo"ni*an (?), n. [Cf. F.
besoin need, want, It bisogno.]
A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar.
Great men oft die by vile bezonians.
Shak.
Bez"zle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bezzled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Bezzling
(#).] [OF. besillier,
besiler, to maltreat, pillage; or shortened fr.
embezzle. Cf. Embezzle.] To
plunder; to waste in riot. [Obs.]
Bez"zle, v. i. To drink to excess; to
revel. [Obs.]
Bhang (?), n. [Per.
bang; cf. Skr. bhang\'be hemp.]
An astringent and narcotic drug made from the dried leaves
and seed capsules of wild hemp (Cannabis Indica), and
chewed or smoked in the East as a means of intoxication. See
Hasheesh.
\'d8Bhun"der (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) An Indian monkey
(Macacus Rhesus), protected by the Hindoos as sacred.
See Rhesus.
Bi* (?). [L. bis twice, which
in composition drops the -s, akin to E. two. See
Bis-, Two, and cf. Di-,
Dis-.]
1. In most branches of science bi- in
composition denotes two, twice, or doubly; as,
bidentate, two-toothed; biternate, doubly
ternate, etc.
2. (Chem.) In the composition of
chemical names bi- denotes two atoms, parts, or
equivalents of that constituent to the name of which it is
prefixed, to one of the other component, or that such constituent
is present in double the ordinary proportion; as,
bichromate, bisulphide. Be- and
di- are often used interchangeably.
Bi*ac"id (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + acid.] (Chem.)
Having two hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by negative
atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of bases. See
Diacid.
Bi`a*cu"mi*nate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + acuminate.] (Bot.)
Having points in two directions.
Be*an"gu*lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + angular.] Having two
angles or corners.
{ Bi*an"gu*late (?),
Bi*an"gu*la`ted (?), } a.
[Pref. bi- + angulate,
angulated.] Biangular.
Bi*an"gu*lous (?),a. [Pref.
bi- + angulous.]
Biangular. [R.]
Bi*an`ther*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Pref. bi- + antherigerous.]
(Bot.) Having two anthers.
Bi`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + articulate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having, or consisting of, tow
joints.
Bi"as (?), n.; pl.
Biases (#). [F. biasis,
perh. fr. LL. bifax two-faced; L. bis +
facies face. See Bi-, and cf.
Face.] 1. A weight on the side of
the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the
ball, which turns it from a straight line.
Being ignorant that there is a concealed bias
within the spheroid, which will . . . swerve away.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A learning of the mind; propensity or
prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind
indifferent; bent inclination.
Strong love is a bias upon the thoughts.
South.
Morality influences men's lives, and gives a bias
to all their actions.
Locke.
3. A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a
garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its
circumference.
4. A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the
bias.
Syn. -- Prepossession; prejudice; partiality; inclination.
See Bent.
Bi"as, a. 1. Inclined to one
side; swelled on one side. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.
Bi"as, adv. In a slanting manner;
crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to cut cloth
bias.
Bi"as, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Biased (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Biasing.] To incline to one side; to
give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to
prepossess.
Me it had not biased in the one direction, nor
should it have biased any just critic in the counter
direction.
De. Quincey.
Bi`au*ric"u*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + au riculate.] 1.
(Anat.) Having two auricles, as the heart of
mammals, birds, and reptiles.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having two earlike
projections at its base, as a leaf.
{ Bi*ax"al (?), Bi*ax"i*al
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
axal, axial.] (Opt.)
Having two axes; as, biaxial
polarization. Brewster. --
Bi*ax"i*al*ly, adv.
Bib (?), n. [From Bib,
v., because the bib receives the drink that the child
slavers from the mouth.] 1. A small piece of
cloth worn by children over the breast, to protect the
clothes.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An arctic fish (Gadus
luscus), allied to the cod; -- called also
pout and whiting
pout.
3. A bibcock.
{ Bib, Bibbe } (?),
v. t. [L. bibere. See
Beverage, and cf. Imbibe.] To drink;
to tipple. [Obs.]
This miller hath . . . bibbed ale.
Chaucer.
Bib, v. i. To drink; to sip; to
tipple.
He was constantly bibbing.
Locke.
Bi*ba"cious (?), a. [L.
bibax, bibacis, fr. bibere. See
Bib.] Addicted to drinking.
Bi*bac"i*ty (?), n. The
practice or habit of drinking too much; tippling.
Blount.
Bi*ba"sic (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + basic.] (Chem.)
Having to hydrogen atoms which can be replaced by positive
or basic atoms or radicals to form salts; -- said of acids. See
Dibasic.
Bibb (?), n. A bibcock. See
Bib, n., 3.
Bib"ber (?), n. One given to
drinking alcoholic beverages too freely; a tippler; -- chiefly
used in composition; as, winebibber.
Bib"ble-bab"ble (?), n. [A
reduplication of babble.] Idle talk;
babble.
Shak.
Bibbs (?), n. pl. (Naut.)
Pieces of timber bolted to certain parts of a mast tp
support the trestletrees.
Bib"cock` (?), n. A cock or
faucet having a bent down nozzle.
Knight.
Bi*bi"rine (?), n.
(Chem.) See Bebeerine.
Bib"i*to*ry (?), a. Of or
pertaining to drinking or tippling.
Bi"ble (?), n. [F.
bible, L. biblia, pl., fr. Gr.
/, pl. of /, dim. of /,
/, book, prop. Egyptian papyrus.] 1.
A book. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. The Book by way of eminence, -- that
is, the book which is made up of the writings accepted by
Christians as of divine origin and authority, whether such
writings be in the original language, or translated; the
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments; -- sometimes in a
restricted sense, the Old Testament; as, King James's
Bible; Douay Bible; Luther's Bible.
Also, the book which is made up of writings similarly accepted by
the Jews; as, a rabbinical Bible.
3. A book containing the sacred writings belonging
to any religion; as, the Koran is often called the Mohammedan
Bible.
<-- 4. (Fig.) A book with an authoritative
exposition of some topic, respected by many experts on the
field. -->
Bible Society, an association for securing the
multiplication and wide distribution of the Bible. --
Douay Bible. See Douay Bible. --
Geneva Bible. See under Geneva.
Bib"ler (?), n. [See
Bib, v. t.] A great drinker; a
tippler. [Written also bibbler and
bibbeler.]
Bib"li*cal (?), a. Pertaining
to, or derived from, the Bible; as, biblical
learning; biblical authority.
Bib`li*cal"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being biblical; a biblical subject.
[R.]
Bib"li*cal*ly (?), adv.
According to the Bible.
Bib"li*cism (?), n. [Cf. F.
biblicisme.] Learning or literature
relating to the Bible. [R.]
Bib"li*cist (?), n. One skilled
in the knowledge of the Bible; a demonstrator of religious truth
by the Scriptures.
Bib"li*o*graph` (?), n.
Bibliographer.
Bib`li*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr.
/, fr. / book + / to write
: cf. F. bibliographe.] One who writes, or
is versed in, bibliography.
{ Bib`li*o*graph"ic (?),
Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. bibliographique.] Pertaining
to bibliography, or the history of books. --
Bib`li*o*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Bib`li*og"ra*phy (?) n.; pl.
Bibliographies (#). [Gr.
/: cf. F. bibliographie.] A
history or description of books and manuscripts, with notices of
the different editions, the times when they were printed,
etc.
{ Bib`li*ol"a*ter (?),
Bib`li*ol"a*trist (?), } n.
[See. Bibliolatry.] A worshiper of
books; especially, a worshiper of the Bible; a believer in its
verbal inspiration.
De Quincey.
Bib`li*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + / service, worship,
/ to serve.] Book worship, esp. of the
Bible; -- applied by Roman Catholic divine/ to the exaltation
of the authority of the Bible over that of the pope or the
church, and by Protestants to an excessive regard to the letter
of the Scriptures.
Coleridge. F. W. Newman.
Bib`li*o*log"ic*al (?), a.
Relating to bibliology.
Bib`li*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + -logy.]
1. An account of books; book lore;
bibliography.
2. The literature or doctrine of the Bible.
Bib"li*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + -mancy: cf. F.
bibliomancie.] A kind of divination,
performed by selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and
drawing from them indications concerning future events.
Bib`li*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + / madness: cf. F.
bibliomanie.] A mania for acquiring
books.
Bib`li*o*ma"ni*ac (?), n. One
who has a mania for books. -- a.
Relating to a bibliomaniac.
Bib`li*o*ma*ni"ac*al (?), a.
Pertaining to a passion for books; relating to a
bibliomaniac.
Bib`li*o*peg"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ book + / to make fast.]
Relating to the binding of books. [R.]
<-- p. 143 -->
Bib`li*op"e*gist (?), n. A
bookbinder.
Bib`li*op`e*gis"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to the art of binding books.
[R.]
Dibdin.
Bib`li*op"e*gy (?), n. [See
Bibliopegic.] The art of binding books.
[R.]
Bib"li*o*phile (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + / to love: cf. F.
bibliophile.] A lover of books.
Bib`li*oph"i*lism (?), n. Love
of books.
Bib`li*oph"i*list (?), n. A
lover of books.
Bib`li*o*pho"bi*a (?), n. [Gr.
/ book + / to fear.] A dread
of books. [R.]
Bib"li*o*pole (?), n. [L.
bibliopola, Gr. /; / book +
/ to sell: cf. F. bibliopole.]
One who sells books.
{ Bib`li*o*pol"ic (?),
Bib`li*op"o*lar } (?), a.
[See Bibliopole.] Of or pertaining to
the sale of books. \'bdBibliopolic
difficulties.\'b8
Carlyle.
Bib`li*op"o*lism (?), n. The
trade or business of selling books.
Bib`li*op"o*list (?), n. Same
as Bibliopole.
Bib`li*op`o*lis"tic (?), a. Of
or pertaining to bibliopolism.
Dibdin.
{ Bib"li*o*taph (?),
Bib`li*ot"a*phist (?), } n.
[Gr. / book + / a burial.]
One who hides away books, as in a tomb.
[R.]
Crabb.
Bib"li*o*thec (?), n. A
librarian.
\'d8Bib`li*o*the"ca (?), n. [L.
See Bibliotheke.] A library.
Bib`li*o*the"cal (?), a. [L.
bibliothecalis. See Bibliotheke.]
Belonging to a library.
Byrom.
Bib`li*oth"e*ca*ry (?), n. [L.
bibliothecarius: cf. F.
biblioth\'82caire.] A librarian.
[Obs.]
Evelin.
Bib"li*o*theke (?), n. [L.
bibliotheca, Gr. /; / book +
/ a case, box, fr. / to place: cf. F.
biblioth\'8aque.] A library.
[Obs.]
Bale.
Bib"list (?), n. [Cf. F.
bibliste. See Bible.]
1. One who makes the Bible the sole rule of
faith.
2. A biblical scholar; a biblicist.
I. Taylor.
Bi*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + bracteate.] (Bot.)
Furnished with, or having, two bracts.
Bib"u*lous (?), a. [L.
bibulus, fr. bibere to drink. See
Bib, v. t. ] 1. Readily
imbibing fluids or moisture; spongy; as, bibulous
blotting paper.
2. Inclined to drink; addicted to tippling.
Bib"u*lous*ly, adv. In a bibulous
manner; with profuse imbibition or absorption.
De Quincey.
Bi*cal"ca*rate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + calcarate.] Having two
spurs, as the wing or leg of a bird.
{ Bi*cal"lose (?), Bi*cal"lous
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
callose, callous.] (Bot.)
Having two callosities or hard spots.
Gray.
Bi*cam"er*al (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + camera.] Consisting of, or
including, two chambers, or legislative branches.
Bentham.
Bi*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + capsular: cf. F.
bicapsulaire.] (Bot.) Having two
capsules; as, a bicapsular pericarp.
Bi*car"bon*ate (?), n. [Pref.
bi-+ carbonate.] (Chem.) A
carbonate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is replaced
by a positive element or radical, thus making the proportion of
the acid to the positive or basic portion twice what it is in the
normal carbonates; an acid carbonate; -- sometimes called
supercarbonate.
{Bi*car"bu*ret`ed or -ret`ted }
(?), a. [Pref. bi- +
carbureted.] (Chem.) Containing
two atoms or equivalents of carbon in the molecule.
[Obs. or R.]
Bi*car"i*nate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + carinate.] (Biol.)
Having two keel-like projections, as the upper palea of
grasses.
Bi*cau"dal (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + caudal.] Having, or
terminating in, two tails.
Bi*cau"date (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + caudate.] Two-tailed;
bicaudal.
Bic"ched (?), a. [Of unknown
origin.] Pecked; pitted; notched.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bicched bones, pecked, or notched, bones;
dice.
{ Bice, Bise } (?),
n. [F. bis, akin to It.
bigio light gray, tawny.] (Paint.)
A pale blue pigment, prepared from the native blue carbonate
of copper, or from smalt; -- called also blue
bice.
Green bice is prepared from the blue, by
adding yellow orpiment, or by grinding down the green carbonate
of copper.
Cooley. Brande & C.
Bi*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + centenary.] Of or
pertaining to two hundred, esp. to two hundred years; as, a
bicentenary celebration. --
n. The two hundredth anniversary, or its
celebration.
Bi`cen*ten"ni*al, a. [Pref.
bi- + centennial.] 1.
Consisting of two hundred years.
2. Occurring every two hundred years.
Bi`cen*ten"ni*al, n. The two hundredth
year or anniversary, or its celebration.
Bi*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + cephalous: cf. F.
bic\'82phale.] Having two heads.
\'d8Bi"ceps (?), n. [L.,
two-headed; bis twice + caput head. See
Capital.] (Anat.) A muscle having
two heads or origins; -- applied particularly to a flexor in the
arm, and to another in the thigh.
\'d8Bi*chir" (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable ganoid fish
(Polypterus bichir) found in the Nile and other
African rivers. See Brachioganoidei.
Bi*chlo"ride (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + chloride.] (Chem.)
A compound consisting of two atoms of chlorine with one or
more atoms of another element; -- called also
dichloride.
Bichloride of mercury, mercuric chloride; --
sometimes called corrosive
sublimate.
\'d8Bi"cho (?), n. [Sp.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Jigger.
Bi*chro"mate (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + chromate.] (Chem.)
A salt containing two parts of chromic acid to one of the
other ingredients; as, potassium bichromate; --
called also dichromate.
Bi*chro"ma*tize (?), v. t. To
combine or treat with a bichromate, esp. with bichromate of
potassium; as, bichromatized gelatine.
Bi*cip"i*tal (?), a. [L.
biceps, bicipitis: cf. F.
bicipital. See Biceps.] 1.
(Anat.) (a) Having two heads or origins,
as a muscle. (b) Pertaining to a biceps
muscle; as, bicipital furrows, the depressions on
either side of the biceps of the arm.
2. (Bot.) Dividing into two parts at one
extremity; having two heads or two supports; as, a
bicipital tree.
Bi*cip"i*tous (?), a. Having
two heads; bicipital. \'bdBicipitous
serpents.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Bick"er, n. [See Beaker.]
A small wooden vessel made of staves and hoops, like a
tub. [Prov. Eng.]
Bick"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bickered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bickering.] [OE. bikeren,
perh. fr. Celtic; cf. W. bicra to fight, bicker,
bicre conflict, skirmish; perh. akin to E.
beak.] 1. To skirmish; to exchange
blows; to fight.def> [Obs.]
Two eagles had a conflict, and bickered
together.
Holland.
2. To contend in petulant altercation; to
wrangle.
Petty things about which men cark and bicker.
Barrow.
3. To move quickly and unsteadily, or with a
pattering noise; to quiver; to be tremulous, like flame.
They [streamlets] bickered through the sunny
shade.
Thomson.
Bick"er, n. 1. A skirmish; an
encounter. [Obs.]
2. A fight with stones between two parties of
boys. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
3. A wrangle; also, a noise,, as in angry
contention.
Bick"er*er (?), n. One who
bickers.
Bick"er*ing, n. 1. A
skirmishing. \'bdFrays and bickerings.\'b8
Milton.
2. Altercation; wrangling.
Bick"er*ment (?), n.
Contention. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bick"ern (?), n. [F.
bigorne. See Bicorn.] An anvil
ending in a beak or point (orig. in two beaks); also,
the beak or horn itself.
Bi*col"li*gate (?), a. [L.
bis twice + colligatus, p. p. See
Colligate, v. t. ]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior toes connected by
a basal web.
{ Bi"col`or (?), Bi"col`ored
(?), } a. [L. bicolor;
bis twice + color color.] Of two
colors.
Bi*con"cave (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + concave.] Concave on both
sides; as, biconcave vertebr\'91.
Bi*con"ju*gate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + conjugate, a.]
(Bot.) Twice paired, as when a petiole forks
twice.
Gray.
Bi*con"vex (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + convex.] Convex on both
sides; as, a biconvex lens.
{ Bi"corn (?), Bi"corned
(?), Bi*cor"nous (?), }
a. [L. bicornis; bis twice
+ cornu horn: cf. F. bicorne. Cf.
Bickern.] Having two horns; two-horned;
crescentlike.
Bi*cor"po*ral (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + corporal.] Having two
bodies.
Bi*cor"po*rate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + corporate.] (Her.)
Double-bodied, as a lion having one head and two
bodies.
Bi*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + costate.] (Bot.)
Having two principal ribs running longitudinally, as a
leaf.
Bi*cre"nate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + crenate.] (Bot.)
Twice crenated, as in the case of leaves whose crenatures
are themselves crenate.
Bi`cres*cen"tic (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + crescent.] Having the form
of a double crescent.
Bi*cru"ral (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + crural.] Having two
legs.
Hooker.
{ Bi*cus"pid (?), Bi*cus"pid*ate
(?), } a. [See pref. Bi-,
and Cuspidate.] Having two points or
prominences; ending in two points; -- said of teeth, leaves,
fruit, etc.
Bi*cus"pid, n. (Anat.) One of
the two double-pointed teeth which intervene between the canines
(cuspids) and the molars, on each side of each jaw. See
Tooth, n.
Bi*cy"a*nide (?), n. See
Dicyanide.
Bi"cy*cle (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + cycle.] A light vehicle
having two wheels one behind the other. It has a saddle seat and
is propelled by the rider's feet acting on cranks or
levers.
Bi"cy*cler (?), n. One who
rides a bicycle.
Bi*cyc"lic (?), a. Relating to
bicycles.
Bi"cy*cling (?), n. The use of
a bicycle; the act or practice of riding a bicycle.
Bi"cy*clism (?), n. The art of
riding a bicycle.
Bi"cy*clist (?), n. A
bicycler.
Bi*cyc"u*lar (?), a. Relating
to bicycling.
Bid (?), v. t.
[imp. Bade (?),
Bid, (Obs.) Bad; p. p.
Bidden (?), Bid; p. pr. & vb.
n. Bidding.] [OE.
bidden, prop to ask, beg, AS. biddan; akin
to OS. biddian, Icel. bi/ja, OHG.
bittan, G. bitten, to pray, ask, request,
and E. bead, also perh. to Gr. / to
persuade, L. fidere to trust, E. faith, and
bide. But this word was early confused with OE.
beden, beoden, AS. be\'a2dan, to
offer, command; akin to Icel. bj//a, Goth.
biudan (in comp.), OHG. biotan to command,
bid, G. bieten, D. bieden, to offer, also
to Gr. / to learn by inquiry, Skr. budh
to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. bud/ti to be
awake, E. bode, v. The word now has the
form of OE. bidden to ask, but the meaning of OE.
beden to command, except in \'bdto bid beads.\'b8
1. To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically :
To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at
auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done
under a contract).
2. To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a
greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; as, to bid
one welcome; to bid good morning, farewell,
etc.
Neither bid him God speed.
2. John 10.
He bids defiance to the gaping crowd.
Granrille.
3. To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make
known. [Mostly obs.] \'bdOur banns thrice
bid !\'b8
Gay.
4. To order; to direct; to enjoin; to
command.
That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow.
Pope
Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee.
Matt. xiv. 28
I was bid to pick up shells.
D. Jerrold.
5. To invite; to call in; to request to come.
As many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage.
Matt. xxii. 9
To bid beads, to pray with beads, as the Roman
Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer.
[Obs.] -- To bid defiance to , to
defy openly; to brave. -- To bid fair, to
offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem
likely.
Syn. -- To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command;
direct; charge; enjoin.
Bid (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bid.
Bid, n. An offer of a price, especially
at auctions; a statement of a sum which one will give for
something to be received, or will take for something to be done
or furnished; that which is offered.
Bid, v. i. [See Bid, v.
t.] 1. To pray.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To make a bid; to state what one will pay or
take.
Bid"ale` (?), n.
[Bid + ale.] An invitation
of friends to drink ale at some poor man's house, and there to
contribute in charity for his relief. [Prov.
Eng.]
Bid"da*ble (?), a. Obedient;
docile. [Scot.]
Bid"den (?), p. p. of
Bid.
Bid"der (?), n. [AS.
biddere. ] One who bids or offers a
price.
Burke.
Bid"der*y ware` (?). [From
Beder or Bidar a town in India.]
A kind of metallic ware made in India. The material is a
composition of zinc, tin, and lead, in which ornaments of gold
and silver are inlaid or damascened. [Spelt also
bidry, bidree, bedery,
beder.]
Bid"ding, n. 1. Command; order;
a proclamation or notifying. \'bdDo thou thy master's
bidding.\'b8
Shak.
2. The act or process of making bids; an offer; a
proposal of a price, as at an auction.
Bid"ding prayer` (?). 1. (R. C.
Ch.) The prayer for the souls of benefactors, said
before the sermon.
2. (Angl. Ch.) The prayer before the
sermon, with petitions for various specified classes of
persons.
Bid"dy (?), n. [Etymology
uncertain.] A name used in calling a hen or
chicken.
Shak.
Bid"dy, n. [A familiar form of
Bridget.] An Irish serving woman or
girl. [Colloq.]
Bide (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bided; p. pr. &
vb. n. Biding.] [OE.
biden, AS. b\'c6dan; akin to OHG.
b\'c6tan, Goth. beidan, Icel.
b\'c6//; perh. orig., to wait with trust, and akin
to bid. See Bid, v. t., and cf.
Abide.] 1. To dwell; to inhabit; to
abide; to stay.
All knees to thee shall bow of them that bide
In heaven or earth, or under earth, in hell.
Milton.
2. To remain; to continue or be permanent in a
place or state; to continue to be.
Shak.
Bide, v. t. 1. To encounter; to
remain firm under (a hardship); to endure; to suffer; to
undergo.
Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are,
That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm.
Shak.
2. To wait for; as, I bide my
time. See Abide.
Bi"dent (?), n. [L.
bidens, -entis, having two prongs;
bis twice + dens a tooth.] An
instrument or weapon with two prongs.
Bi*den"tal (?), a. Having two
teeth.
Swift.
Bi*den"tate (?), a. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Having two teeth or two toothlike processes;
two-toothed.
Bi*det" (?), n. [F.
bidet, perh. fr. Celtic; cr. Gael. bideach
very little, diminutive, bidein a diminutive animal,
W. bidan a weakly or sorry wretch.]
1. A small horse formerly allowed to each trooper
or dragoon for carrying his baggage.
B. Jonson.
2. A kind of bath tub for sitting baths; a sitz
bath.
Bi*dig"i*tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + digitate.] Having two
fingers or fingerlike projections.
Bid"ing (?), n. Residence;
habitation.
Rowe.
Bield (?), n. A shelter. Same
as Beild. [Scot.]
Bield, v. t. To shelter.
[Scot.]
Bi*en"ni*al (?), a. [L.
biennalis and biennis, fr.
biennium a space of two years; bis twice +
annus year. Cf. Annual.] 1.
Happening, or taking place, once in two years; as, a
biennial election.
2. (Bot.) Continuing for two years, and
then perishing, as plants which form roots and leaves the first
year, and produce fruit the second.
Bi*en"ni*al, n. 1. Something
which takes place or appears once in two years; esp. a biennial
examination.
2. (Bot.) A plant which exists or lasts
for two years.
Bi*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in two
years.
Bier (?), n. [OE.
b\'91e, beere, AS. b/r,
b/re; akin to D. baar, OHG.
b\'bera, G. bahre, Icel barar,
D/ baare, L. feretrum, Gr.
/, from the same // bear to produce.
See 1st Bear, and cf. Barrow.]
1. A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse
is placed or borne to the grave.
2. (Weaving) A count of forty threads in
the warp or chain of woolen cloth.
Knight.
<-- p. 144 -->
Bier"balk` (?), n. [See
Bier, and Balk, n.] A
church road (e. g., a path across fields) for funerals.
[Obs.]
Homilies.
{ Biest"ings, Beest"ings }
(?), n. pl. [OE. bestynge,
AS. b/sting, fr. b/st,
beost; akin to D. biest, OHG.
biost, G. biest; of unknown origin.]
The first milk given by a cow after calving.
B. Jonson.
The thick and curdy milk . . . commonly called
biestings.
Newton. (1574).
Bi*fa"cial (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + facial.] Having the
opposite surfaces alike.
Bi*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
bifarius; bis twice + fari to
speak. Cf. Gr. / twofold; / twice + / to say.]
1. Twofold; arranged in two rows.
2. (Bot.) Pointing two ways, as leaves
that grow only on opposite sides of a branch; in two vertical
rows.
Bi*fa"ri*ous*ly, adv. In a bifarious
manner.
Bif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
bifer; bis twice + ferre to
bear.] Bearing fruit twice a year.
Bif"fin (?), n. [Cf.
Beaufin.] 1. A sort of apple
peculiar to Norfolk, Eng. [Sometimes called
beaufin; but properly beefin (it is said),
from its resemblance to raw beef.]
Wright.
2. A baked apple pressed down into a flat, round
cake; a dried apple.
Dickens.
Bi"fid (?), a. [L.
bifidus; bis twice + root of
findere to cleave or split: cf. F.
bifide.] Cleft to the middle or slightly
beyond the middle; opening with a cleft; divided by a linear
sinus, with straight margins.
Bif"i*date (?), a. [L.
bifidatus.] See Bifid.
Bi*fi"lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + filar.] Two-threaded;
involving the use of two threads; as, bifilar
suspension; a bifilar balance.
Bifilar micrometer (often called a
bifilar), an instrument form measuring minute
distances or angles by means of two very minute threads (usually
spider lines), one of which, at least, is movable; -- more
commonly called a filar micrometer.
Bi`fla*bel"late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + flabellate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Flabellate on both sides.
Bi`fla*gel"late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + flagellate.] Having two
long, narrow, whiplike appendages.
{ Bi*flo"rate (?), Bi*flo"rous
(?), } a. [L. bis twice
+ flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Bearing two flowers; two-flowered.
Bi"fold (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + fold.] Twofold; double; of
two kinds, degrees, etc.
Shak.
Bi*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + foliate.] (Bot.)
Having two leaves; two-leaved.
Bi*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + foliolate.] (Bot.)
Having two leaflets, as some compound leaves.
Bif"o*rate (?), a. [L.
bis twice + foratus, p. p. of
forare to bore or pierce.] (Bot.)
Having two perforations.
Bif"o*rine (?), n. [L.
biforis, biforus, having two doors;
bis twice + foris door.]
(Bot.) An oval sac or cell, found in the leaves
of certain plants of the order Arace\'91. It has an
opening at each end through which raphides, generated inside, are
discharged.
Bi"forked (?), a.
Bifurcate.
Bi"form (?), a. [L.
biformis; bis twice + forma
shape: cf. F. biforme.] Having two forms,
bodies, or shapes.
Croxall.
Bi"formed (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + form.] Having two
forms.
Johnson.
Bi*form"i*ty (?), n. A double
form.
Bi*forn" (?), prep. & adv.
Before. [Obs.]
Bif"o*rous (?), a. [L.
biforis having two doors; bis twice, two +
foris door.] See Biforate.
Bi*front"ed (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + front.] Having two
fronts. \'bdBifronted Janus.\'b8
Massinger.
{ Bi*fur"cate (?), Bi*fur"ca*ted
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
furcate.] Two-pronged; forked.
Bi*fur"cate (?), v. i. To
divide into two branches.
Bi`fur*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
bifurcation.] A forking, or division into
two branches.
Bi*fur"cous (?), a. [L.
bifurcus; bis twice + furca
fork.] See Bifurcate, a.
[R.]
Coles.
Big (?), a.
[compar. Bigger;
superl. Biggest.] [Perh.
from Celtic; cf. W. beichiog, beichiawg,
pregnant, with child, fr. baich burden, Arm.
beac'h; or cf. OE. bygly, Icel.
biggiligr, (properly) habitable; (then) magnigicent,
excellent, fr. OE. biggen, Icel. byggja, to
dwell, build, akin to E. be.] 1.
Having largeness of size; of much bulk or magnitude; of
great size; large. \'bdHe's too big to go in
there.\'b8
Shak.
2. Great with young; pregnant; swelling; ready to
give birth or produce; -- often figuratively.
[Day] big with the fate of Cato and of Rome.
Addison.
3. Having greatness, fullness, importance,
inflation, distention, etc., whether in a good or a bad sense;
as, a big heart; a big voice; big
looks; to look big. As applied to looks, it
indicates haughtiness or pride.
God hath not in heaven a bigger argument.
Jer. Taylor.
Big is often used in self-explaining
compounds; as, big-boned; big-sounding;
big-named; big-voiced.
To talk big, to talk loudly, arrogantly, or
pretentiously.
I talked big to them at first.
De Foe.
Syn. -- Bulky; large; great; massive; gross.
{ Big, Bigg }, n.
[OE. bif, bigge; akin to Icel.
bygg, Dan. byg, Sw.
bjugg.] (Bot.) Barley,
especially the hardy four-rowed kind.
\'bdBear interchanges in local use, now with barley, now with
bigg.\'b8
New English Dict.
{ Big, Bigg }, v. t.
[OE. biggen, fr. Icel. byggja to
inhabit, to build, b/a (neut.) to dwell (active) to
make ready. See Boor, and Bound.] To
build. [Scot. & North of Eng. Dial.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Bi"ga (?), n. [L.]
(Antiq.) A two-horse chariot.
Big"am (?), n. [L.
bigamus twice married: cf. F. bigame. See
Bigamy.] A bigamist.
[Obs.]
Big"a*mist (?), n. [Cf.
Digamist.] One who is guilty of bigamy.
Ayliffe.
Big"a*mous (?), a. Guilty of
bigamy; involving bigamy; as, a bigamous
marriage.
Big"a*my (?), n. [OE.
bigamie, fr. L. bigamus twice married;
bis twice + Gr. / marriage; prob. akin to
Skt. j\'bemis related, and L. gemini twins,
the root meaning to bind, join: cf. F.
bigamie. Cf. Digamy.] (Law)
The offense of marrying one person when already legally
married to another.
Wharton.
bigamy: it more properly denominated
polygamy, i. e., having a plurality of wives or
husbands at once, and in several statutes in the United States
the offense is classed under the head of polygamy.
In the canon law bigamy was the marrying of two
virgins successively, or one after the death of the other, or
once marrying a widow. This disqualified a man for orders, and
for holding ecclesiastical offices. Shakespeare uses the word in
the latter sense.
Blackstone. Bouvier.
Base declension and loathed bigamy.
Shak.
{ Big`ar*reau" (?), Big`a*roon"
(?), } n. [F.
bigarreau, fr. bigarr\'82
variegated.] (Bot.) The large white-heart
cherry.
Big"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a
great belly; as, a big-bellied man or flagon;
advanced in pregnancy.
Bi*gam"i*nate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + geminate.] (Bot.)
Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end
of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a
decompound leaf.
Bi*gen"tial (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + L. gens, gentis,
tribe.] (Zo\'94l.) Including two tribes or
races of men.
Big"eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish of the genus
Priacanthus, remarkable for the large size of the
eye.
Bigg (?), n. & v. See
Big, n. & v.
Big"gen (?), v. t. & i. To make
or become big; to enlarge. [Obs. or Dial.]
Steele.
Big"ger (?), a.,
compar. of Big.
Big"gest (?), a.,
superl. of Big.
Big"gin (?), n. [F.
b\'82guin, prob. from the cap worn by the
B\'82guines. Cf. Beguine,
Biggon.] A child's cap; a hood, or something
worn on the head.
An old woman's biggin for a nightcap.
Massinger.
Big"gin, n. A coffeepot with a strainer
or perforated metallic vessel for holding the ground coffee,
through which boiling water is poured; -- so called from Mr.
Biggin, the inventor.
{ Big"gin, Big"ging, } n.
[OE. bigging. See Big, Bigg,
v. t.] A building.
[Obs.]
{ Big"gon (?), Big"gon*net
(?), } n. [F. b\'82guin
and OF. beguinet, dim of b\'82guin. See
Biggin a cap.] A cap or hood with pieces
covering the ears.
\'d8Big"ha (?), n. A measure of
land in India, varying from a third of an acre to an acre.
Big"horn` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Rocky Mountain sheep (Ovis or
Caprovis montana).
Bight (?), n. [OE.
bi/t a bending; cf. Sw. & Dan. bugt bend,
bay; fr. AS. byht, fr. b/gan. Bout, Bought a bend, and see Bow,
v.] 1. A corner, bend, or angle; a
hollow; as, the bight of a horse's knee; the
bight of an elbow.
2. (Geog.) A bend in a coast forming an
open bay; as, the Bight of Benin.
3. (Naut.) The double part of a rope
when folded, in distinction from the ends; that is, a round,
bend, or coil not including the ends; a loop.
Bi*glan"du*lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + glandular.] Having two
glands, as a plant.
Big"ly (?), adv. [From
Big, a.] In a tumid, swelling,
blustering manner; haughtily; violently.
He brawleth bigly.
Robynson (More's Utopia. )
Big"ness, n. The state or quality of
being big; largeness; size; bulk.
Big*no"ni*a (?), n. [Named from
the Abb\'82 Bignon.] (Bot.) A
large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having
compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. B.
capreolata is the cross vine of the Southern United
States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this
genus.
Big*no`ni*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example.
Big"ot (?), n. [F.
bigot a bigot or hypocrite, a name once given to the
Normans in France. Of unknown origin; possibly akin to Sp.
bigote a whisker; hombre de bigote a man of
spirit and vigor; cf. It. s-bigottire to terrify, to
appall. Wedgwood and others maintain that bigot is from the same
source as Beguine, Beghard.]
1. A hypocrite; esp., a superstitious
hypocrite. [Obs.]
2. A person who regards his own faith and views in
matters of religion as unquestionably right, and any belief or
opinion opposed to or differing from them as unreasonable or
wicked. In an extended sense, a person who is intolerant of
opinions which conflict with his own, as in politics or morals;
one obstinately and blindly devoted to his own church, party,
belief, or opinion.
To doubt, where bigots had been content to wonder
and believe.
Macaulay.
Big"ot, a. Bigoted.
[Obs.]
In a country more bigot than ours.
Dryden.
Big"ot*ed, a. Obstinately and blindly
attached to some creed, opinion practice, or ritual; unreasonably
devoted to a system or party, and illiberal toward the opinions
of others. \'bdBigoted to strife.\'b8
Byron.
Syn. -- Prejudiced; intolerant; narrow-minded.
Big"ot*ed*ly, adv. In the manner of a
bigot.
Big"ot*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
bigoterie.] 1. The state of mind
of a bigot; obstinate and unreasoning attachment of one's own
belief and opinions, with narrow-minded intolerance of beliefs
opposed to them.
2. The practice or tenets of a bigot.
Big"wig` (?), n.
[Big,a.+ wig.] A
person of consequence; as, the bigwigs of
society. [Jocose]
In our youth we have heard him spoken of by the
bigwigs with extreme condescension.
Dickens.
Big"-wigged` (?), a.
characterized by pomposity of manner.
[Eng.]
Bi`hy*drog"u*ret (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + hydroguret.] (Chem.)
A compound of two atoms of hydrogen with some other
substance. [Obs.]
\'d8Bi*jou" (?), n.; pl.
Bijoux (#). [F.; of uncertain
origin.] A trinket; a jewel; -- a word applied to
anything small and of elegant workmanship.
Bi*jou"try (?), n. [F.
bijouterie. See Bijou.] Small
articles of virtu, as jewelry, trinkets, etc.
Bij"u*gate (?), a. [L.
bis twice + jugatus, p. p. of
jugare to join.] (Bot.) Having
two pairs, as of leaflets.
Bij"u*gous (?), a. [L.
bijugus yoked two together; bis twice +
jugum yoke, pair.] (Bot.)
Bijugate.
Bike (?), n. [Ethymol.
unknown.] A nest of wild bees, wasps, or ants; a
swarm. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Bikh (?), n. [Hind., fr.
Skr. visha poison.] (Bot.) The
East Indian name of a virulent poison extracted from
Aconitum ferox or other species of aconite: also, the
plant itself.
Bi*la"bi*ate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + labiate.] (Bot.)
Having two lips, as the corols of certain flowers.
Bi`la*cin"i*ate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + laciniate.] Doubly
fringed.
\'d8Bi*la"lo (?), n. A
two-masted passenger boat or small vessel, used in the bay of
Manila.
{ Bi*lam"el*late (?),
Bi*lam"el*la`ted (?), } a.
[Pref. bi- + lamellate.]
(Bot.) Formed of two plates, as the stigma of the
Mimulus; also, having two elevated ridges, as in the lip of
certain flowers.
{ Bi*lam"i*nar (?), Bi*lam"i*nate
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
laminar, laminate.] Formed of,
or having, two lamin\'91, or thin plates.
Bi"land (?), n. A byland.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Bil"an*der (?), n. [D.
bijlander; bij by + land land,
country.] (Naut.) A small two-masted
merchant vessel, fitted only for coasting, or for use in canals,
as in Holland.
Why choose we, then, like bilanders to creep
Along the coast, and land in view to keep?
Dryden.
Bi*lat"er*al (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + lateral: cf. F.
bilat\'82ral.] 1. Having two
sides; arranged upon two sides; affecting two sides or two
parties.
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the two
sides of a central area or organ, or of a central axis; as,
bilateral symmetry in animals, where there is a
similarity of parts on the right and left sides of the
body.
Bi*lat`er*al"i*ty (?), n. State
of being bilateral.
Bil"ber*ry (?), n.; pl.
Bilberries (/). [Cf. Dan.
b\'94lleb\'91r bilberry, where b\'94lle is
perh. akin to E. ball.] 1.
(Bot.) The European whortleberry (Vaccinium
myrtillus); also, its edible bluish black fruit.
There pinch the maids as blue as bilberry.
Shak.
2. (Bot.) Any similar plant or its fruit;
esp., in America, the species Vaccinium myrtilloides,
V. c\'91spitosum and V. uliginosum.
Bil"bo (?), n.; pl.
Bilboes (/). 1. A
rapier; a sword; so named from Bilbao, in Spain.
Shak.
2. pl. A long bar or bolt of iron with
sliding shackles, and a lock at the end, to confine the feet of
prisoners or offenders, esp. on board of ships.
Methought I lay
Worse than the mutines in the bilboes.
Shak.
\'d8Bil"bo*quet (?), n.
[F.] The toy called cup and
ball.
Bil"cock (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European water rail.
\'d8Bild"stein (?), n. [G., fr.
bild image, likeness + stein stone.]
Same as Agalmatolite.
Bile (?), n. [L.
bilis: cf. F. bile.] 1.
(Physiol.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid,
usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes
into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its
characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring
matters.
2. Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor;
as, to stir one's bile.
Prescott.
Bile, n. [OE. byle,
bule, bele, AS. b/le,
b/l; skin to D. buil, G.
beule, and Goth. ufbauljan to puff up. Cf.
Boil a tumor, Bulge.] A boil.
[Obs. or Archaic]
Bi*lec"tion (?), n.
(Arch.) That portion of a group of moldings which
projects beyond the general surface of a panel; a
bolection.
Bile"stone` (?), n.
[Bile + stone.] A
gallstone, or biliary calculus. See Biliary.
E. Darwin.
Bilge (?), n. [A different
orthography of bulge, of same origin as
belly. Cf. Belly, Bulge.]
1. The protuberant part of a cask, which is usually
in the middle.
2. (Naut.) That part of a ship's hull or
bottom which is broadest and most nearly flat, and on which she
would rest if aground.
3. Bilge water.
Bilge free (Naut.), stowed in such
a way that the bilge is clear of everything; -- said of a
cask. -- Bilge pump, a pump to draw the bilge
water from the gold of a ship. -- Bilge water
(Naut.), water which collects in the bilge or
bottom of a ship or other vessel. It is often allowed to remain
till it becomes very offensive. -- Bilge ways,
the timbers which support the cradle of a ship upon the ways,
and which slide upon the launching ways in launching the
vessel.
<-- p. 145 -->
Bilge (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bilged
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bilging.] 1. (Naut.)
To suffer a fracture in the bilge; to spring a leak by a
fracture in the bilge.
2. To bulge.
Bilge, v. t. 1. (Naut.)
To fracture the bilge of, or stave in the bottom of (a ship
or other vessel).
2. To cause to bulge.
Bil"gy (?), a. Having the smell
of bilge water.
Bil"la*ry (?), a. [L.
bilis bile: cf. F. biliaire.]
(Physiol.) Relating or belonging to bile;
conveying bile; as, biliary acids; biliary
ducts.
Biliary calculus (Med.), a
gallstone, or a concretion formed in the gall bladder or its
duct.
Bil`i*a"tion (?), n.
(Physiol.) The production and excretion of
bile.
Bi*lif"er*ous (?), a.
Generating bile.
Bil`i*fus"cin (?), n. [L.
bilis bile + fuscus dark.]
(Physiol.) A brownish green pigment found in
human gallstones and in old bile. It is a derivative of
bilirubin.
{ \'d8Bi*lim"bi (?),
\'d8Bi*lim"bing (?), } n.
[Malay.] The berries of two East Indian species
of Averrhoa, of the Oxalide\'91 or Sorrel
family. They are very acid, and highly esteemed when preserved or
pickled. The juice is used as a remedy for skin diseases.
[Written also blimbi and
blimbing.]
Bil"i*ment (?), n. A woman's
ornament; habiliment. [Obs.]
Bi"lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
biline, from L. bilis bile.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A name applied to the amorphous
or crystalline mass obtained from bile by the action of alcohol
and ether. It is composed of a mixture of the sodium salts of the
bile acids.
Bi*lin"e*ar (?), a.
(Math.) Of, pertaining to, or included by, two
lines; as, bilinear co\'94rdinates.
Bi*lin"gual (?), a. [L.
bilinguis; bis twice + lingua
tongue, language.] Containing, or consisting of, two
languages; expressed in two languages; as, a
bilingual inscription; a bilingual
dictionary. -- Bi*lin"gual*ly,
adv.
Bi*lin"gual*ism (?), n. Quality
of being bilingual.
The bilingualism of King's English.
Earle.
Bi*lin"guar (?), a. See
Bilingual.
Bi*lin"guist (?), n. One versed
in two languages.
Bi*lin"guous (?), a. [L.
bilinguis.] Having two tongues, or speaking
two languages. [Obs.]
Bil"ious (?), a. [L.
biliosus, fr. bilis bile.]
1. Of or pertaining to the bile.
2. Disordered in respect to the bile; troubled with
and excess of bile; as, a bilious patient; dependent on,
or characterized by, an excess of bile; as, bilious
symptoms.
3. Choleric; passionate; ill tempered. \'bdA
bilious old nabob.\'b8
Macaulay.
Bilious temperament. See
Temperament.
Bil"ious*ness, n. The state of being
bilious.
Bil`i*pra"sin (?), n. [L.
bilis bile + prasinus green.]
(Physiol.) A dark green pigment found in small
quantity in human gallstones.
Bil`i*ru"bin (?), n. [L.
bilis biel + ruber red.]
(Physiol.) A reddish yellow pigment present in
human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals;
the normal biliary pigment.
Bi*lit"er*al (?), a. [L.
bis twice + littera letter.]
Consisting of two letters; as, a biliteral root
of a Sanskrit verb. Sir W. Jones. --
n. A word, syllable, or root, consisting
of two letters.
Bi*lit"er*al*ism (?), n. The
property or state of being biliteral.
Bil`i*ver"din (?), n. [L.
bilis bile + viridis green. Cf.
Verdure.] (Physiol.) A green
pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by
oxidation.
Bilk (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bilked (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bilking.]
[Origin unknown. Cf. Balk.] To frustrate
or disappoint; to deceive or defraud, by nonfulfillment of
engagement; to leave in the lurch; to give the slip to; as,
to bilk a creditor.
Thackeray.
Bilk, n. 1. A thwarting an
adversary in cribbage by spoiling his score; a balk.
2. A cheat; a trick; a hoax.
Hudibras.
3. Nonsense; vain words.
B. Jonson.
4. A person who tricks a creditor; an
untrustworthy, tricky person.
Marryat.
Bill (?), n. [OE.
bile, bille, AS. bile beak of a
bird, proboscis; cf. Ir. & Gael. bil, bile,
mouth, lip, bird's bill. Cf. Bill a weapon.]
A beak, as of a bird, or sometimes of a turtle or other
animal.
Milton.
Bill, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Billed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Billing.] 1. To strike; to
peck. [Obs.]
2. To join bills, as doves; to caress in
fondness. \'bdAs pigeons bill.\'b8
Shak.
To bill and coo, to interchange caresses; --
said of doves; also of demonstrative lovers.
Thackeray.
Bill, n. The bell, or boom, of the
bittern
The bittern's hollow bill was heard.
Wordsworth.
Bill, n. [OE. bil, AS.
bill, bil; akin to OS. bil
sword, OHG. bill pickax, G. bille. Cf.
Bill bea/.] 1. A cutting
instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle; --
used in pruning, etc.; a billhook. When short, called a hand
bill, when long, a hedge bill.
2. A weapon of infantry, in the 14th and 15th
centuries. A common form of bill consisted of a broad, heavy,
double-edged, hook-shaped blade, having a short pike at the back
and another at the top, and attached to the end of a long
staff.
France had no infantry that dared to face the English bows end
bills.
Macaulay.
3. One who wields a bill; a billman.
Strype.
4. A pickax, or mattock. [Obs.]
5. (Naut.) The extremity of the arm of
an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke.
Bill (?), v. t. To work upon (
as to dig, hoe, hack, or chop anything) with a bill.
Bill, n. [OE. bill,
bille, fr. LL. billa (or OF.
bille), for L. bulla anything rounded, LL.,
seal, stamp, letter, edict, roll; cf. F. bille a ball,
prob. fr. Ger.; cf. MHG. bickel, D. bikkel,
dice. Cf. Bull papal edict, Billet a
paper.]
1. (Law) A declaration made in writing,
stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the
defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a
law.
2. A writing binding the signer or signers to pay a
certain sum at a future day or on demand, with or without
interest, as may be stated in the document.
[Eng.]
note, a note of hand, or a promissory
note.
3. A form or draft of a law, presented to a
legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.
4. A paper, written or printed, and posted up or
given away, to advertise something, as a lecture, a play, or the
sale of goods; a placard; a poster; a handbill.
She put up the bill in her parlor window.
Dickens.
5. An account of goods sold, services rendered, or
work done, with the price or charge; a statement of a creditor's
claim, in gross or by items; as, a grocer's
bill.
6. Any paper, containing a statement of
particulars; as, a bill of charges or expenditures;
a weekly bill of mortality; a bill of fare,
etc.
Bill of adventure. See under
Adventure. -- Bill of costs, a
statement of the items which form the total amount of the costs
of a party to a suit or action. -- Bill of
credit. (a) Within the constitution of the
United States, a paper issued by a State, on the mere faith and
credit of the State, and designed to circulate as money. No State
shall \'bdemit bills of credit.\'b8 U. S.
Const. Peters. Wharton.
Bouvier (b) Among merchants, a letter sent
by an agent or other person to a merchant, desiring him to give
credit to the bearer for goods or money. -- Bill of
divorce, in the Jewish law, a writing given by the
husband to the wife, by which the marriage relation was
dissolved. Jer. iii. 8. -- Bill of
entry, a written account of goods entered at the
customhouse, whether imported or intended for exportation.
-- Bill of exceptions. See under
Exception. -- Bill of exchange
(Com.), a written order or request from one person
or house to another, desiring the latter to pay to some person
designated a certain sum of money therein generally is, and, to
be negotiable, must be, made payable to order or to bearer. So
also the order generally expresses a specified time of payment,
and that it is drawn for value. The person who draws the bil is
called the drawer, the person on whom it is drawn is,
before acceptance, called the drawee, -- after
acceptance, the acceptor; the person to whom the money
is directed to be paid is called the payee. The person
making the order may himself be the payee. The bill itself is
frequently called a draft. See Exchange.
Chitty. -- Bill of fare, a written or
printed enumeration of the dishes served at a public table, or of
the dishes (with prices annexed) which may be ordered at a
restaurant, etc. -- Bill of health, a
certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health
of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port. --
Bill of indictment, a written accusation lawfully
presented to a grand jury. If the jury consider the evidence
sufficient to support the accusation, they indorse it \'bdA true
bill,\'b8 or \'bdNot found,\'b8 or \'bdIgnoramus\'b8,
or \'bdIgnored.\'b8 -- Bill of lading, a
written account of goods shipped by any person, signed by the
agent of the owner of the vessel, or by its master, acknowledging
the receipt of the goods, and promising to deliver them safe at
the place directed, dangers of the sea excepted. It is usual for
the master to sign two, three, or four copies of the bill; one of
which he keeps in possession, one is kept by the shipper, and one
is sent to the consignee of the goods. -- Bill of
mortality, an official statement of the number of
deaths in a place or district within a given time; also, a
district required to be covered by such statement; as, a
place within the bills of mortality of London.
-- Bill of pains and penalties, a special act of a
legislature which inflicts a punishment less than death upon
persons supposed to be guilty of treason or felony, without any
conviction in the ordinary course of judicial proceedings.
Bouvier. Wharton. -- Bill of
parcels, an account given by the seller to the buyer of
the several articles purchased, with the price of each. --
Bill of particulars (Law), a detailed
statement of the items of a plaintiff's demand in an action, or
of the defendant's set-off. -- Bill of rights,
a summary of rights and privileges claimed by a people. Such
was the declaration presented by the Lords and Commons of England
to the Prince and Princess of Orange in 1688, and enacted in
Parliament after they became king and queen. In America, a
bill or declaration of rights is prefixed to
most of the constitutions of the several States. --
Bill of sale, a formal instrument for the
conveyance or transfer of goods and chattels. -- Bill
of sight, a form of entry at the customhouse, by which
goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full
information, may be provisionally landed for examination. --
Bill of store, a license granted at the
customhouse to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as
are necessary for a voyage, custom free. Wharton.
-- Bills payable (pl.), the outstanding
unpaid notes or acceptances made and issued by an individual or
firm. -- Bills receivable (pl.),
the unpaid promissory notes or acceptances held by an
individual or firm. McElrath. -- A true
bill, a bill of indictment sanctioned by a grand
jury.
Bill, v. t. 1. To advertise by
a bill or public notice.
2. To charge or enter in a bill; as, to
bill goods.
Bil"lage (?), n. and v.
t. & i. Same as Bilge.
Bil"lard (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An English fish, allied to the cod;
the coalfish. [Written also billet and
billit.]
{Bill`bee"tle (?), or Bill"bug`
} (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A
weevil or curculio of various species, as the corn weevil. See
Curculio.
Bill"board` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron
plates, and fixed on the bow or fore channels of a vessel, for
the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.
Totten.
2. A flat surface, as of a panel or of a fence, on
which bills are posted; a bulletin board.
<-- esp. a large board on which the space is rented for
advertising purposes. -->
Bill" book` (?). (Com.) A book
in which a person keeps an account of his notes, bills, bills of
exchange, etc., thus showing all that he issues and
receives.
Bill" bro`ker (?). One who negotiates the
discount of bills.
Billed (?), a. Furnished with,
or having, a bill, as a bird; -- used in composition; as,
broad-billed.
Bil"let (?), n. [F.
billet, dim. of an OF. bille bill. See
Bill a writing.] 1. A small paper; a
note; a short letter. \'bdI got your melancholy
billet.\'b8
Sterne.
2. A ticket from a public officer directing
soldiers at what house to lodge; as, a billet of
residence.
Bil"let, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Billeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Billeting.] [From Billet a
ticket.] (Mil.) To direct, by a ticket or
note, where to lodge. Hence: To quarter, or place in lodgings, as
soldiers in private houses.
Billeted in so antiquated a mansion.
W. Irving.
Bil"let, n. [F. billette,
bille, log; of unknown origin; a different word from
bille ball. Cf. Billiards,
Billot.] 1. A small stick of wood,
as for firewood.
They shall beat out my brains with billets.
Shak.
2. (Metal.) A short bar of metal, as of
gold or iron.
3. (Arch.) An ornament in Norman work,
resembling a billet of wood either square or round.
4. (Saddlery) (a) A strap which
enters a buckle. (b) A loop which receives
the end of a buckled strap.
Knight.
5. (Her.) A bearing in the form of an
oblong rectangle.
\'d8Bil`let-doux" (?), n.; pl.
Billets-doux (#). [F.
billet note + doux sweet, L.
dulcis.] A love letter or note.
A lover chanting out a billet-doux.
Spectator.
Bil"let*head` (?), n.
(Naut.) A round piece of timber at the bow or
stern of a whaleboat, around which the harpoon lone is run out
when the whale darts off.
Bill"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A name applied to several distinct
fishes: (a) The garfish (Tylosurus, or Belone,
longirostris) and allied species. (b) The
saury, a slender fish of the Atlantic coast (Scomberesox
saurus). (c) The Tetrapturus albidus, a
large oceanic species related to the swordfish; the spearfish.
(d) The American fresh-water garpike (Lepidosteus
osseus).
Bill"head` (?), n. A printed
form, used by merchants in making out bills or rendering
accounts.
Bill" hold`er (?). 1. A person
who holds a bill or acceptance.
2. A device by means of which bills, etc., are
held.
Bill"hook` (?), n.
[Bill + hook.] A thick,
heavy knife with a hooked point, used in pruning hedges, etc.
When it has a short handle, it is sometimes called a
hand bill; when the handle is long, a
hedge bill or scimiter.
Bil"liard (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the game of billiards. \'bdSmooth as is a
billiard ball.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Bil"liards (?), n. [F.
billiard billiards, OF. billart staff, cue
form playing, fr. bille log. See Billet a
stick.] A game played with ivory balls o a
cloth-covered, rectangular table, bounded by elastic cushions.
The player seeks to impel his ball with his cue so that it shall
either strike (carom upon) two other balls, or drive another ball
into one of the pockets with which the table sometimes is
furnished.
Bill"ing (?), a. & n.
Caressing; kissing.
Bil"lings*gate` (?), n. 1.
A market near the Billings gate in London, celebrated for
fish and foul language.
2. Coarsely abusive, foul, or profane language;
vituperation; ribaldry.
Bil"lion (?), n. [F.
billion, arbitrarily formed fr. L. bis
twice, in imitation of million a million. See
Million.] According to the French and
American method of numeration, a thousand millions, or
1,000,000,000; according to the English method, a million
millions, or 1,000,000,000,000. See Numeration.
Bill"man (?), n.; pl.
Billmen (/). One who uses, or is
armed with, a bill or hooked ax. \'bdA billman
of the guard.\'b8
Savile.
\'d8Bil`lon" (?), n. [F. Cf.
Billet a stick.] An alloy of gold and silver
with a large proportion of copper or other base metal, used in
coinage.
Bil"lot (?), n. [F.
billot, dim. of bille. See Billet
a stick.] Bullion in the bar or mass.
Bil"low (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
bylgja billow, Dan. b\'94lge, Sw.
b\'94lja; akin to MHG. bulge billow, bag,
and to E. bulge. See Bulge.]
1. A great wave or surge of the sea or other water,
caused usually by violent wind.
Whom the winds waft where'er the billows roll.
Cowper.
2. A great wave or flood of anything.
Milton.
Bil"low, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Billowed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Billowing.] To surge; to rise
and roll in waves or surges; to undulate. \'bdThe
billowing snow.\'b8
Prior.
Bil"low*y (?), a. Of or
pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full
of billows or surges; resembling billows.
And whitening down the many-tinctured stream,
Descends the billowy foam.
Thomson.
{ Bill"post`er (?), Bill"stick"er
(?), } n. One whose occupation is
to post handbills or posters in public places.
Bil"ly (?), n. 1. A
club; esp., a policeman's club.
2. (Wool Manuf.) A slubbing or roving
machine.
Bil"ly*boy` (?), n. A
flat-bottomed river barge or coasting vessel.
[Eng.]
Bil"ly goat` (?). A male goat.
[Colloq.]
<-- p. 146 -->
Bi*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + lobate.] Divided into two
lobes or segments.
Bi"lobed (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + lobe.] Bilobate.
Bi`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + location.] Double
location; the state or power of being in two places at the same
instant; -- a miraculous power attributed to some of the
saints.
Tylor.
Bi*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + locular: cf. F.
biloculaire.] Divided into two cells or
compartments; as, a bilocular pericarp.
Gray.
Bil"sted (?), n. (Bot.)
See Sweet gum.
\'d8Bil"tong (?), n. [S.
African.] Lean meat cut into strips and
sun-dried.
H. R. Haggard.
Bi*mac"u*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + maculate, a.] Having, or
marked with, two spots.
\'d8Bim"a*na (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Bimanous.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals
having two hands; -- a term applied by Cuvier to man as a special
order of Mammalia.
Bim"a*nous (?), a. [L.
bis twice + manus hand.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having two hands; two-handed.
Bi*mar"gin*ate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + marginate.] Having a
double margin, as certain shells.
Bi*mas"tism (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + Gr. / breast.]
(Anat.) The condition of having two mamm\'91 or
teats.
Bi*me"di*al (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + medial.] (Geom.)
Applied to a line which is the sum of two lines
commensurable only in power (as the side and diagonal of a
square).
Bi*mem"bral (?), a. [L.
bis twice + membrum member.]
(Gram.) Having two members; as, a
bimembral sentence.
J. W. Gibbs.
Bi*men"sal (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + mensal.] See
Bimonthly, a. [Obs. or R.]
Bi*mes"tri*al (?), a. [L.
bimestris; bis twice + mensis
month.] Continuing two months. [R.]
Bi`me*tal"lic (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + metallic: cf. F.
bim\'82tallique.] Of or relating to, or
using, a double metallic standard (as gold and silver) for a
system of coins or currency.
Bi*met"al*lism (?), n. [F.
bim\'82talisme.] The legalized use of two
metals (as gold and silver) in the currency of a country, at a
fixed relative value; -- in opposition to
monometallism.
bim\'82tallisme and
monom\'82tallisme are due to M. Cernuschi
[1869].
Littr\'82.
Bi*met"al*list (?), n. An
advocate of bimetallism.
Bi*month"ly (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + monthly.] Occurring, done,
or coming, once in two months; as, bimonthly visits;
bimonthly publications. --
n. A bimonthly publication.
Bi*month"ly, adv. Once in two
months.
Bi*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + muscular.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having two adductor muscles, as a
bivalve mollusk.
Bin (?), n. [OE.
binne, AS. binn manager, crib; perh. akin
to D. ben, benne, basket, and to L.
benna a kind of carriage ( a Gallic word), W.
benn, men, wain, cart.] A box,
frame, crib, or inclosed place, used as a receptacle for any
commodity; as, a corn bin; a wine bin; a
coal bin.
Bin, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Binned (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Binning.] To put into a bin; as, to
bin wine.
Bin. An old form of Be and
Been. [Obs.]
Bin*. A euphonic form of the prefix
Bi-.
Bi"nal (?), a. [See
Binary.] Twofold; double.
[R.] \'bdBinal revenge, all this.\'b8
Ford.
Bin`ar*se"ni*ate (?), n. [Pref.
bin- + arseniate.] (Chem.)
A salt having two equivalents of arsenic acid to one of the
base.
Graham.
Bi"na*ry (?), a. [L.
binarius, fr. bini two by two, two at a
time, fr. root of bis twice; akin to E.
two: cf. F. binaire.] Compounded
or consisting of two things or parts; characterized by two
(things).
Binary arithmetic, that in which numbers are
expressed according to the binary scale, or in which two figures
only, 0 and 1, are used, in lieu of ten; the cipher multiplying
everything by two, as in common arithmetic by ten. Thus, 1 is
one; 10 is two; 11 is three; 100 is four, etc. Davies &
Peck. -- Binary compound
(Chem.), a compound of two elements, or of an
element and a compound performing the function of an element, or
of two compounds performing the function of elements. --
Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms devised
by Euler for facilitating musical calculations, in which 1 is
logarithm of 2, instead of 10, as in the common logarithms, and
the modulus 1.442695 instead of .43429448. -- Binary
measure (Mus.), measure divisible by two or
four; common time. -- Binary nomenclature
(Nat. Hist.), nomenclature in which the names
designate both genus and species. -- Binary scale
(Arith.), a uniform scale of notation whose ratio
is two. -- Binary star (Astron.),
a double star whose members have a revolution round their
common center of gravity. -- Binary theory
(Chem.), the theory that all chemical compounds
consist of two constituents of opposite and unlike
qualities.
Bi"na*ry, n. That which is constituted
of two figures, things, or parts; two; duality.
Fotherby.
Bi"nate (?), a. [L.
bini two and two.] (Bot.)
Double; growing in pairs or couples.
Gray.
Bin*au"ral (?), a. [Pref.
bin- + aural.] Of or pertaining
to, or used by, both ears.
Bind (?), v. t.
[imp. Bound (?); p.
p. Bound, formerly Bounden (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Binding.]
[AS. bindan, perfect tense band,
bundon, p. p. bunden; akin to D. & G.
binden, Dan. binde, Sw. & Icel.
binda, Goth. bindan, Skr. bandh
(for bhandh) to bind, cf. Gr. / (for
/) cable, and L. offendix.
1. To tie, or confine with a cord,
band, ligature, chain, etc.; to fetter; to make fast; as, to
bind grain in bundles; to bind a
prisoner.
2. To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force
or influence of any kind; as, attraction binds the
planets to the sun; frost binds the earth, or the
streams.
He bindeth the floods from overflowing.
Job xxviii. 11.
Whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen
years.
Luke xiii. 16.
3. To cover, as with a bandage; to bandage or
dress; -- sometimes with up; as, to bind
up a wound.
4. To make fast ( a thing) about or
upon something, as by tying; to encircle
with something; as, to bind a belt about
one; to bind a compress upon a part.
5. To prevent or restrain from customary or natural
action; as, certain drugs bind the
bowels.
6. To protect or strengthen by a band or binding,
as the edge of a carpet or garment.
7. To sew or fasten together, and inclose in a
cover; as, to bind a book.
8. Fig.: To oblige, restrain, or hold, by
authority, law, duty, promise, vow, affection, or other moral
tie; as, to bind the conscience; to bind by
kindness; bound by affection; commerce binds
nations to each other.
Who made our laws to bind us, not himself.
Milton.
9. (Law) (a) To bring (any one)
under definite legal obligations; esp. under the obligation of a
bond or covenant. Abbott. (b) To
place under legal obligation to serve; to indenture; as, to
bind an apprentice; -- sometimes with
out; as, bound out to
service.
To bind over, to put under bonds to do
something, as to appear at court, to keep the peace, etc. --
To bind to, to contract; as, to bind
one's self to a wife. -- To bind up
in, to cause to be wholly engrossed with; to absorb
in.
Syn. -- To fetter; tie; fasten; restrain; restrict;
oblige.
Bind (?), v. i. 1. To
tie; to confine by any ligature.
They that reap must sheaf and bind.
Shak.
2. To contract; to grow hard or stiff; to cohere or
stick together in a mass; as, clay binds by
heat.
Mortimer.
3. To be restrained from motion, or from customary
or natural action, as by friction.
4. To exert a binding or restraining
influence.
Locke.
Bind, n. 1. That which binds or
ties.
2. Any twining or climbing plant or stem, esp. a
hop vine; a bine.
3. (Metal.) Indurated clay, when much
mixed with the oxide of iron.
Kirwan.
4. (Mus.) A ligature or tie for grouping
notes.
Bind"er (?), n. 1. One
who binds; as, a binder of sheaves; one whose trade
is to bind; as, a binder of books.
2. Anything that binds, as a fillet, cord, rope, or
band; a bandage; -- esp. the principal piece of timber intended
to bind together any building.
Bind"er*y (?), n. A place where
books, or other articles, are bound; a bookbinder's
establishment.
Bind"heim*ite (?), n. [From
Bindheim, a German who analyzed it.]
(Min.) An amorphous antimonate of lead, produced
from the alteration of other ores, as from jamesonite.
Bind"ing (?), a. That binds;
obligatory.
Binding beam (Arch.), the main
timber in double flooring. -- Binding joist
(Arch.), the secondary timber in double-framed
flooring.
Syn. -- Obligatory; restraining; restrictive; stringent;
astringent; costive; styptic.
Bind"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of one who, or that which, binds.
2. Anything that binds; a bandage; the cover of a
book, or the cover with the sewing, etc.; something that secures
the edge of cloth from raveling.
3. pl. (Naut.) The transoms,
knees, beams, keelson, and other chief timbers used for
connecting and strengthening the parts of a vessel.
Bind"ing*ly, adv. So as to bind.
Bind"ing*ness, n. The condition or
property of being binding; obligatory quality.
Coleridge.
Bind"weed` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Convolvulus; as, greater
bindweed (C. Sepium); lesser
bindweed (C. arvensis); the white, the
blue, the Syrian, bindweed. The black bryony, or
Tamus, is called black bindweed, and the
Smilax aspera, rough bindweed.
The fragile bindweed bells and bryony rings.
Tennyson.
Bine (?), n. [Bind,
cf. Woodbine.] The winding or twining stem of
a hop vine or other climbing plant.
Bi*nerv"ate (?), a. [L.
bis twice + nervus sinew, nerve.]
1. (Bot.) Two-nerved; -- applied to
leaves which have two longitudinal ribs or nerves.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having only two nerves, as
the wings of some insects.
Bing (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
bingr, Sw. binge, G. beige,
beuge. Cf. Prov. E. bink bench, and
bench coal the uppermost stratum of coal.]
A heap or pile; as, a bing of wood.
\'bdPotato bings.\'b8 Burns. \'bdA
bing of corn.\'b8 Surrey. [Obs. or
Dial. Eng. & Scot.]
Bin*i"o*dide (?), n. Same as
Diiodide.
Bink (?), n. A bench.
[North of Eng. & Scot.]
Bin"na*cle (?), n. [For
bittacle, corrupted (perh. by influence of
bin) fr. Pg. bitacola binnacle, fr. L.
habitaculum dwelling place, fr. habitare to
dwell. See Habit, and cf. Bittacle.]
(Naut.) A case or box placed near the helmsman,
containing the compass of a ship, and a light to show it at
night.
Totten.
Bin"ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A large species of barbel (Barbus bynni), found
in the Nile, and much esteemed for food.
Bin"o*cle (?), n. [F.
binocle; L. bini two at a time +
oculus eye.] (Opt.) A dioptric
telescope, fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a
person to view an object with both eyes at once; a
double-barreled field glass or an opera glass.
Bin*oc"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
binoculaire. See Binocle.] 1.
Having two eyes. \'bdMost animals are
binocular.\'b8
Derham.
2. Pertaining to both eyes; employing both eyes at
once; as, binocular vision.
3. Adapted to the use of both eyes; as, a
binocular microscope or telescope.
Brewster.
Bin*oc"u*lar (?), n. A
binocular glass, whether opera glass, telescope, or
microscope.
Bin*oc"u*lar*ly, adv. In a binocular
manner.
Bin*oc"u*late (?), a. Having
two eyes.
Bi*no"mi*al (?), n. [L.
bis twice + nomen name: cf. F.
binome, LL. binomius (or fr. bi-
+ Gr. / distribution ?). Cf.
Monomial.] (Alg.) An expression
consisting of two terms connected by the sign plus (+) or minus
(-); as, a+b, or 7-3.
Bi*no"mi*al, a. 1. Consisting
of two terms; pertaining to binomials; as, a
binomial root.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having two names; --
used of the system by which every animal and plant receives two
names, the one indicating the genus, the other the species, to
which it belongs.
Binomial theorem (Alg.), the
theorem which expresses the law of formation of any power of a
binomial.
Bi*nom"i*nal (?), a. [See
Binomial.] Of or pertaining to two names;
binomial.
Bi*nom"i*nous (?), a.
Binominal. [Obs.]
Bi*not"o*nous (?), a. [L.
bini two at a time + tonus, fr. Gr.
/, tone.] Consisting of two notes;
as, a binotonous cry.
Bi"nous (?), a. Same as
Binate.
Bin*ox"a*late (?), n. [Pref.
bin- + oxalate.] (Chem.)
A salt having two equivalents of oxalic acid to one of the
base; an acid oxalate.
Bin*ox"ide (?), n. [Pref.
bin- + oxide.] (Chem.)
Same as Dioxide.
\'d8Bin"tu*rong (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small Asiatic civet of the genus
Arctilis.
{ Bi*nu"cle*ar (?), Bi*nu"cle*ate
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
nuclear, nucleate.]
(Biol.) Having two nuclei; as,
binucleate cells.
Bi*nu"cle*o*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + nucleolus.] (Biol.)
Having two nucleoli.
Bi"o*blast (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + -blast.]
(Biol.) Same as Bioplast.
Bi*oc"el*late (?), a. [L.
bis twice + ocellatus. See
Ocellated.] (Zo\'94l.) Having two
ocelli (eyelike spots); -- said of a wing, etc.
Bi`o*chem"is*try (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + E. chemistry.]
(Biol.) The chemistry of living organisms; the
chemistry of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of,
life.
Bi`o*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + E. dynamics.]
(Biol.) The doctrine of vital forces or
energy.
Bi"o*gen (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + -gen.] (Biol.)
Bioplasm.
{ Bi`o*gen"e*sis (?), Bi*og"e*ny
(?), } n. [Gr. / life
+ /, /, birth.]
(Biol.) (a) A doctrine that the genesis
or production of living organisms can take place only through the
agency of living germs or parents; -- opposed to
abiogenesis. (b) Life
development generally.
Bi`o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Pertaining to biogenesis.
Bi*og"e*nist (?), n. A believer
in the theory of biogenesis.
\'d8Bi`og*no"sis (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / investigation.]
(Biol.) The investigation of life.
Bi*og"ra*pher (?), n. One who
writes an account or history of the life of a particular person;
a writer of lives, as Plutarch.
{ Bi"o*graph"ic (?),
Bi`o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to biography; containing biography.
-- Bi`o*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Bi*og"ra*phize (?), v. t. To
write a history of the life of.
Southey.
Bi*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl.
Biographies (#). [Gr.
/; / life + / to write:
cf. F. biographie. See Graphic.]
1. The written history of a person's life.
2. Biographical writings in general.
{ Bi`o*log"ic (?), Bi`o*log"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or relating to
biology. -- Bi`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Bi*ol"o*gist (?), n. A student
of biology; one versed in the science of biology.
Bi*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + -logy: cf. F.
biologie.] The science of life; that branch
of knowledge which treats of living matter as distinct from
matter which is not living; the study of living tissue. It has to
do with the origin, structure, development, function, and
distribution of animals and plants.
\'d8Bi*ol"y*sis (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / a dissolving.]
(Biol.) The destruction of life.
Bi`o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ life + / to destroy.]
Relating to the destruction of life.
Bi`o*mag*net"ic (?), a.
Relating to biomagnetism.
Bi`o*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + E. magnetism.] Animal
magnetism.
Bi*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + -metry.] Measurement
of life; calculation of the probable duration of human
life.
Bi"on (?), n. [Gr.
/ living, p. pr. of / to
live.] (Biol.) The physiological
individual, characterized by definiteness and independence of
function, in distinction from the morphological individual or
morphon.
Bi*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / law.]
Physiology. [R.]
Dunglison.
{ Bi"o*phor` Bi"o*phore` } (?),
n. [Gr. / life + /
bearing, fr. / to bear.] (Biol.)
One of the smaller vital units of a cell, the bearer of
vitality and heredity. See Pangen, in Supplement.
Bi"o*plasm (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / form, mold, fr.
/ to mold.] (Biol.) A name
suggested by Dr. Beale for the germinal matter supposed to be
essential to the functions of all living beings; the material
through which every form of life manifests itself; unaltered
protoplasm.
<-- p. 147 -->
Bi`o*plas"mic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, bioplasm.
Bi"o*plast (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / to form.]
(Biol.) A tiny mass of bioplasm, in itself a
living unit and having formative power, as a living white blood
corpuscle; bioblast.
Bi`o*plas"tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Bioplasmic.
Bi*or"gan (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + E. organ.]
(Biol.) A physiological organ; a living organ; an
organ endowed with function; -- distinguished from
idorgan.
Bi`o*stat"ics (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + /. See
Statics.] (Biol.) The physical
phenomena of organized bodies, in opposition to their organic or
vital phenomena.
Bi`o*sta*tis"tics (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + E. statistics.]
(Biol.) Vital statistics.
Bi"o*tax`y (?), n. [Gr.
/ life + / arrangement.]
(Biol.) The classification of living organisms
according to their structural character; taxonomy.
Bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Gr.
/ pert. to life.] (Biol.)
Relating to life; as, the biotic
principle.
Bi"o*tite (?), n. [From
Biot, a French naturalist.] (Min.)
Mica containing iron and magnesia, generally of a black or
dark green color; -- a common constituent of crystalline rocks.
See Mica.
Bi*pal"mate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + palmate.] (Bot.)
Palmately branched, with the branches again palmated.
Bi`pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + parietal.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the diameter of the cranium, from one
parietal fossa to the other.
Bip"a*rous (?), a. [L.
bis twice + parere to bring forth.]
Bringing forth two at a birth.
Bi*part"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
bipartible. See Bipartite.]
Capable of being divided into two parts.
Bi*par"tient (?), a. [L.
bis twice + partiens, p. pr. of
partire to divide.] Dividing into two
parts. -- n. A number that divides
another into two equal parts without a remainder.
Bi*par"tile (?), a. Divisible
into two parts.
Bip"ar*tite (?), a. [L.
bipartitus, p. p. of bipartire;
bis twice + partire. See
Partite.] 1. Being in two parts;
having two correspondent parts, as a legal contract or writing,
one for each party; shared by two; as, a bipartite
treaty.
2. Divided into two parts almost to the base, as a
leaf; consisting of two parts or subdivisions.
Gray.
Bi`par*ti"tion (?), n. The act
of dividing into two parts, or of making two correspondent parts,
or the state of being so divided.
{ Bi*pec"ti*nate (?),
Bi*pec"ti*na`ted (?), } a.
[Pref. bi- + pectinate.]
(Biol.) Having two margins toothed like a
comb.
Bi"ped (?), n. [L.
bipes; bis twice + pes,
pedis, /oot: cf. F. bip\'8ade.]
A two-footed animal, as man.
Bi"ped, a. Having two feet;
two-footed.
By which the man, when heavenly life was ceased,
Became a helpless, naked, biped beast.
Byrom.
Bip"e*dal (?), a. [L.
bipedalis: cf. F. bip\'82dal. See
Biped, n.] 1. Having two
feet; biped.
2. Pertaining to a biped.
Bi*pel"tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + peltate.] Having a shell
or covering like a double shield.
{ Bi*pen"nate (?), Bi*pen"na*ted
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
pennate: cf. L. bipennis. Cf.
Bipinnate.] Having two wings.
\'bdBipennated insects.\'b8
Derham.
\'d8Bi*pen"nis (?), n.
[L.] An ax with an edge or blade on each side of
the handle.
Bi*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + petalous.] (Bot.)
Having two petals.
\'d8Bi`pin*na"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. L. bis twice + pinna
feather.] (Zo\'94l.) The larva of certain
starfishes as developed in the free-swimming stage.
{ Bi*pin"nate (?), Bi*pin"na*ted
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
pinnate; cf. F. bipinn\'82. Cf.
Bipennate.] Twice pinnate.
Bi`pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.)
Doubly pinnatifid.
A bipinnatifid leaf is a pinnatifid leaf having
its segments or divisions also pinnatifid. The primary divisions
are pinn\'91 and the secondary pinnules.
Bip"li*cate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + plicate.] Twice folded
together.
Henslow.
Bi*plic"i*ty (?), n. The state
of being twice folded; reduplication. [R.]
Bailey.
Bi*po"lar (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + polar. Cf. Dipolar.]
Doubly polar; having two poles; as, a bipolar
cell or corpuscle.
Bi`po*lar"i*ty (?), n. Bipolar
quality.
{ Bi"pont (?), Bi*pont"ine
} (?), a. (Bibliog.)
Relating to books printed at Deuxponts, or Bipontium
(Zweibr\'81cken), in Bavaria.
Bi*punc"tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + punctate.] Having two
punctures, or spots.
Bi*punc"tu*al (?), a. Having
two points.
Bi*pu"pil*late (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + pupil (of the eye).]
(Zo\'94l.) Having an eyelike spot on the wing,
with two dots within it of a different color, as in some
butterflies.
Bi`py*ram"i*dal (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + pyramidal.] Consisting of
two pyramids placed base to base; having a pyramid at each of the
extremities of a prism, as in quartz crystals.
Bi*quad"rate (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + quadrate.] (Math.)
The fourth power, or the square of the square. Thus 4x4=16,
the square of 4, and 16x16=256, the biquadrate of
4.
Bi`quad*rat"ic (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + quadratic: cf. F.
biquadratique.] (Math.) Of or
pertaining to the biquadrate, or fourth power.
Biquadratic equation (Alg.), an
equation of the fourth degree, or an equation in some term of
which the unknown quantity is raised to the fourth power. --
Biquadratic root of a number, the square root of
the square root of that number. Thus the square root of 81 is 9,
and the square root of 9 is 3, which is the biquadratic
root of 81. Hutton.
Bi`quad*rat"ic, n. (Math.)
(a) A biquadrate. (b) A
biquadratic equation.
Bi*quin"tile (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + quintile: cf. F.
biquintile.] (Astron.) An aspect
of the planets when they are distant from each other by
twice the fifth part of a great circle -- that is,
twice 72 degrees.
{ Bi*ra"di*ate (?),
Bi*ra"di*a`ted (?), } a.
[Pref. bi- + radiate.]
Having two rays; as, a biradiate
fin.
Bi*ra"mous (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + ramous.] (Biol.)
Having, or consisting of, two branches.
Birch (?), n.; pl.
Birches (#). [OE.
birche, birk, AS. birce,
beorc; akin to Icel. bj\'94rk, Sw.
bj\'94rk, Dan. birk, D. berk,
OHG. piricha, MHG. birche,
birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza,
Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr.
bh/rja. Birk.]
1. A tree of several species, constituting the
genus Betula; as, the white or common birch
(B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch);
the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe
birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B.
lutea); the black or cherry birch (B.
lenta).
2. The wood or timber of the birch.
3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for
flogging.
The threatening twigs of birch.
Shak.
4. A birch-bark canoe.
Birch of Jamaica, a species (Bursera
gummifera) of turpentine tree. -- Birch
partridge. (Zo\'94l.) See Ruffed
grouse. -- Birch wine, wine made of the
spring sap of the birch. -- Oil of birch.
(a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common
European birch (Betula alba), and used in the
preparation of genuine ( and sometimes of the imitation) Russia
leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor. (b) An oil
prepared from the black birch (B. lenta), said to be
identical with the oil of wintergreen, for which it is largely
sold.
Birch, a. Of or pertaining to the birch;
birchen.
Birch, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Birched (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Birching.] To whip with a
birch rod or twig; to flog.
Birch"en (?), a. Of or relating
to birch.
He passed where Newark's stately tower
Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower.
Sir W. Scott.
Bird (?), n. [OE.
brid, bred, bird, young bird,
bird, AS. bridd young bird. /92.] 1.
Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a
nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2).
That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird.
Shak.
The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes.
Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20).
2. (Zo\'94l.) A warm-blooded, feathered
vertebrate provided with wings. See Aves.
3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game
bird.
4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden.
And by my word! the bonny bird
In danger shall not tarry.
Campbell.
Arabian bird, the phenix. -- Bird of
Jove, the eagle. -- Bird of Juno,
the peacock. -- Bird louse
(Zo\'94l.), a wingless insect of the group
Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and
mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zo\'94l.),
a small mite (genera Dermanyssus,
Dermaleichus and allies) parasitic upon birds. The
species are numerous. -- Bird of passage, a
migratory bird. -- Bird spider
(Zo\'94l.), a very large South American spider
(Mygale avicularia). It is said sometimes to capture
and kill small birds. -- Bird tick
(Zo\'94l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon
birds (genus Ornithomyia, and allies), usually
winged.
Bird (?), v. i. 1. To
catch or shoot birds.
2. Hence: To seek for game or plunder; to
thieve. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Bird"bolt` (?), n. A short
blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence:
Anything which smites without penetrating.
Shak.
{ Bird" cage", Bird"cage` }
(?), n. A cage for confining
birds.
Bird"call` (?), n. 1.
A sound made in imitation of the note or cry of a bird for
the purpose of decoying the bird or its mate.
2. An instrument of any kind, as a whistle, used in
making the sound of a birdcall.
Bird"catch`er (?), n. One whose
employment it is to catch birds; a fowler.
Bird"catch`ing, n. The art, act, or
occupation or catching birds or wild fowls.
Bird" cher`ry (?). (Bot.) A
shrub (Prunus Padus ) found in Northern and Central
Europe. It bears small black cherries.
Bird"er (?), n. A
birdcatcher.
Bird"-eyed` (?), a.
Quick-sighted; catching a glance as one goes.
Bird" fan`ci*er (?). 1. One who
takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious
birds.
2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds
which are kept in cages.
Bird"ie (?), n. A pretty or
dear little bird; -- a pet name.
Tennyson.
Bird"i*kin (?), n. A young
bird.
Thackeray.
Bird"ing, n. Birdcatching or
fowling.
Shak.
Birding piece, a fowling piece.
Shak.
Bird"let, n. A little bird; a
nestling.
Bird"like` (?), a. Resembling a
bird.
Bird"lime` (?), n.
[Bird + lime viscous substance.]
An extremely adhesive viscid substance, usually made of the
middle bark of the holly, by boiling, fermenting, and cleansing
it. When a twig is smeared with this substance it will hold small
birds which may light upon it. Hence: Anything which
insnares.
Not birdlime or Idean pitch produce
A more tenacious mass of clammy juice.
Dryden.
Birdlime is also made from mistletoe,
elder, etc.
Bird"lime`, v. t. To smear with
birdlime; to catch with birdlime; to insnare.
When the heart is thus birdlimed, then it cleaves
to everything it meets with.
Coodwin.
Bird"ling, n. A little bird; a
nestling.
Bird"man (?), n. A fowler or
birdcatcher.
Bird" of par"a*dise (?). (Zo\'94l.)
The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus
Paradisea and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and
the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant
plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers.
Great emerald (Paradisea
apoda) and the Lesser emerald (P.
minor) furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by
ladies; the Red is P. rubra or
sanguinea; the Golden is Parotia
aurea or sexsetacea; the King is
Cincinnurus regius.
The name is also applied to the longer-billed birds of another
related group (Epimachin\'91) from the same region.
The Twelve-wired (Seleucides alba) is one of these.
See Paradise bird, and Note under Apod.
Bird" pep`per (?). A species of capsicum
(Capsicum baccatum), whose small, conical, coral-red
fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers.
Bird's"-beak` (?), n.
(Arch.) A molding whose section is thought to
resemble a beak.
Bird"seed` (?), n. Canary seed,
hemp, millet or other small seeds used for feeding caged
birds.
Bird's"-eye` (?), a. 1.
Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; embraced at a
glance; hence, general/ not minute, or entering into details;
as, a bird's-eye view.
2. Marked with spots resembling bird's eyes;
as, bird's-eye diaper; bird's-eye
maple.
Bird's"-eye`, n. (Bot.) A
plant with a small bright flower, as the Adonis or pheasant's
eye, the mealy primrose (Primula farinosa), and
species of Veronica, Geranium, etc.
Bird's"-eye` ma"ple (?). See under
Maple.
Bird's"-foot` (?), n.
(Bot.) A papilionaceous plant, the
Ornithopus, having a curved, cylindrical pod tipped
with a short, clawlike point.
Bird's-foot trefoil. (Bot.)
(a) A genus of plants (Lotus) with clawlike
pods. L. corniculatas, with yellow flowers, is very
common in Great Britain. (b) the related plant,
Trigonella ornithopodioides, is also
European.
Bird's-mouth` (?), n.
(Arch.) An interior a/gle or notch cut across a
piece of timber, for the reception of the edge of another, as
that in a rafter to be laid on a plate; -- commonly called
crow's-foot in the United States.
{ Bird's" nest`, Bird's-nest }
(?), n. 1. The nest in which a
bird lays eggs and hatches her young.
2. (Cookery) The nest of a small swallow
(Collocalia nidifica and several allied species), of
China and the neighboring countries, which is mixed with
soups.
Illust. under Edible.
<-- p. 148 -->
3. (Bot.) An orchideous plant with
matted roots, of the genus Neottia (N.
nidus-avis.)
Bird's-nest pudding, a pudding containing
apples whose cores have been replaces by sugar. --
Yellow bird's nest, a plant, the Monotropa
hypopitys.
Bird's-nest`ing (?), n. Hunting
for, or taking, birds' nests or their contents.
Bird's"-tongue` (?), n.
(Bot.) The knotgrass (Polygonum
aviculare).
Bird"-wit`ted (?), a. Flighty;
passing rapidly from one subject to another; not having the
faculty of attention.
Bacon.
Bi`rec*tan"gu*lar (?), a.
[Pref. bi- + rectangular.]
Containing or having two right angles; as, a
birectangular spherical triangle.
Bi"reme (?), n. [L.
biremis; bis twice + remus oar:
cf. F. bir\'8ame.] An ancient galley or
vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.
Bi*ret"ta (?), n. Same as
Berretta.
Bir"gan*der (?), n. See
Bergander.
Birk (?), n. [See
Birch, n.] A birch tree.
[Prov. Eng.] \'bdThe silver birk.\'b8
Tennyson.
Birk, n. (Zo\'94l.) A small
European minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus).
Birk"en (?), v. t. [From 1st
Birk.] To whip with a birch or rod.
[Obs.]
Birk"en, a. Birchen; as,
birken groves.
Burns.
Bir"kie (?), n. A lively or
mettlesome fellow. [Jocular, Scot.]
Burns.
Birl (?), v. t. & i. To revolve
or cause to revolve; to spin. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Birl (?), v. t. & i. [AS.
byrlian. /92.] To pour (beer or wine); to
ply with drink; to drink; to carouse. [Obs. or
Dial.]
Skelton.
Bir"law (?), n. [See
By-law.] (Law) A law made
by husbandmen respecting rural affairs; a rustic or local law or
by-law. [Written also byrlaw,
birlie, birley.]
{ Bi*ros`trate (?),
Bi*ros"tra*ted (?), } a.
[Pref. bi- + rostrate.]
Having a double beak, or two processes resembling
beaks.
The capsule is bilocular and birostrated.
Ed. Encyc.
Birr (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Birred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Birring.]
[Cf. OE. bur, bir, wind, storm wind,
fr. Icel. byrr wind. Perh. imitative.] To
make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in
motion.
Birr, n. 1. A whirring sound,
as of a spinning wheel.
2. A rush or impetus; force.
Bir"rus (?), n. [LL., fr. L.
birrus a kind of cloak. See Berretta.]
A coarse kind of thick woolen cloth, worn by the poor in the
Middle Ages; also, a woolen cap or hood worn over the shoulders
or over the head.
Birse (?), n. A bristle or
bristles. [Scot.]
Birt (?), n. [OE.
byrte; cf. F. bertonneau. Cf.
Bret, Burt.] (Zo\'94l.) A
fish of the turbot kind; the brill. [Written also
burt, bret, or brut.]
[Prov. Eng.]
Birth (?), n. [OE.
burth, birth, AS. beor/,
gebyrd, fr. beran to bear, bring forth;
akin to D. geboorate, OHG. burt,
giburt, G. geburt, Icel.
bur/r, Skr. bhrti bearing, supporting;
cf. Ir. & Gael. beirthe born, brought forth. /92.
See 1st Bear, and cf. Berth.] 1.
The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; --
generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of
a son.
2. Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high
birth; noble extraction.
Elected without reference to birth, but solely for
qualifications.
Prescott.
3. The condition to which a person is born; natural
state or position; inherited disposition or tendency.
A foe by birth to Troy's unhappy name.
Dryden.
4. The act of bringing forth; as, she had two
children at a birth. \'bdAt her next
birth.\'b8
Milton.
5. That which is born; that which is produced,
whether animal or vegetable.
Poets are far rarer births that kings.
B. Jonson.
Others hatch their eggs and tend the birth till it
is able to shift for itself.
Addison.
6. Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an
empire.
New birth (Theol.), regeneration,
or the commencement of a religious life.
Syn. -- Parentage; extraction; lineage; race; family.
Birth, n. See Berth.
[Obs.]
De Foe.
Birth"day` (?), n. 1.
The day in which any person is born; day of origin or
commencement.
Those barbarous ages past, succeeded next
The birthday of invention.
Cowper.
2. The day of the month in which a person was born,
in whatever succeeding year it may recur; the anniversary of
one's birth.
This is my birthday; as this very day
Was Cassius born.
Shak.
Birth"day`, a. Of or pertaining to the
day of birth, or its anniversary; as, birthday gifts
or festivities.
Birth"dom (?), n.
[Birth + -dom.] The land of
one's birth; one's inheritance. [R.]
Shak.
Birth"ing, n. (Naut.)
Anything added to raise the sides of a ship.
Bailey.
Birth"less, a. Of mean extraction.
[R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Birth"mark` (?), n. Some
peculiar mark or blemish on the body at birth.
Most part of this noble lineage carried upon their body for a
natural birthmark, . . . a snake.
Sir T. North.
Birth"night` (?), n. The night
in which a person is born; the anniversary of that night in
succeeding years.
The angelic song in Bethlehem field,
On thy birthnight, that sung thee Savior born.
Milton.
Birth"place` (?), n. The town,
city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or
birth, in its more general sense. \'bdThe
birthplace of valor.\'b8
Burns.
Birth"right` (?), n. Any right,
privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth,
such as an estate descendible by law to an heir, or civil liberty
under a free constitution; esp. the rights or inheritance of the
first born.
Lest there be any . . . profane person, as Esau, who for one
morsel of meat sold his birthright.
Heb. xii. 16.
Birth"root` (?), n.
(Bot.) An herbaceous plant (Trillium
erectum), and its astringent rootstock, which is said to
have medicinal properties.
Birth"wort` (?), n. A genus of
herbs and shrubs (Aristolochia), reputed to have
medicinal properties.
Bis (?), adv. [L.
bis twice, for duis, fr. root of
duo two. See Two, and cf.
Bi-.] Twice; -- a word showing that something
is, or is to be, repeated; as a passage of music, or an item in
accounts.
Bis*, pref. A form of Bi-,
sometimes used before s, c, or a
vowel.
Bi"sa an"te*lope (?). (Zo\'94l.)
See Oryx.
Bi*sac"cate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + saccate.] (Bot.)
Having two little bags, sacs, or pouches.
Bis*cay"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Biscay in Spain. -- n.
A native or inhabitant of Biscay.
Bis"co*tin (?), n. [F.
biscotin. See Biscuit.] A
confection made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs; a sweet
biscuit.
Bis"cuit (?), n. [F.
biscuit (cf. It. biscotto, Sp.
bizcocho, Pg. biscouto), fr. L.
bis twice + coctus, p. p. of
coquere to cook, bake. See Cook, and cf.
Bisque a kind of porcelain.] 1. A
kind of unraised bread, of many varieties, plain, sweet, or
fancy, formed into flat cakes, and bakes hard; as, ship
biscuit.
According to military practice, the bread or
biscuit of the Romans was twice prepared in the
oven.
Gibbon.
2. A small loaf or cake of bread, raised and
shortened, or made light with soda or baking powder. Usually a
number are baked in the same pan, forming a sheet or card.
3. Earthen ware or porcelain which has undergone
the first baking, before it is subjected to the glazing.
4. (Sculp.) A species of white, unglazed
porcelain, in which vases, figures, and groups are formed in
miniature.
Meat biscuit, an alimentary preparation
consisting of matters extracted from meat by boiling, or of meat
ground fine and combined with flour, so as to form
biscuits.
Bi*scu"tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + scutate.] (Bot.)
Resembling two bucklers placed side by side.
\'d8Bise (?), n. [F.]
A cold north wind which prevails on the northern coasts of
the Mediterranean and in Switzerland, etc.; -- nearly the same as
the mistral.
Bise (?), n. (Paint.)
See Bice.
Bi*sect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bisected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bisecting.] [L.
bis twice + secare, sectum, to
cut.] 1. To cut or divide into two
parts.
2. (Geom.) To divide into two equal
parts.
Bi*sec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
bissection.] Division into two parts, esp.
two equal parts.
Bi*sec"tor (?), n. One who, or
that which, bisects; esp. (Geom.) a straight line
which bisects an angle.
Bi*sec"trix (?), n. The line
bisecting the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial
crystal.
Bi*seg"ment (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + segment.] One of tow equal
parts of a line, or other magnitude.
Bi*sep"tate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + septate.] With two
partitions or septa.
Gray.
{ Bi*se"ri*al (?), Bi*se"ri*ate
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
serial, seriate.] In two rows or
series.
Bi*ser"rate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + serrate.]
1. (Bot.) Doubly serrate, or having the
serratures serrate, as in some leaves.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Serrate on both sides, as
some antenn\'91.
{ Bi*se"tose (?), Bi*se"tous
(?), } a. [Pref. bi- +
setose, setous.] Having two
bristles.
Bi*sex"ous (?), a. [L.
bis twice + sexus sex: cf. F.
bissexe.] Bisexual.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Bi*sex"u*al (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + sexual.] (Biol.)
Of both sexes; hermaphrodite; as a flower with stamens and
pistil, or an animal having ovaries and testes.
Bi*sex"u*ous (?), a.
Bisexual.
Bi*seye" (?), p. p. of
Besee. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Evil biseye, ill looking.
[Obs.]
Bish (?), n. Same as
Bikh.
Bish"op (?), n. [OE.
bischop, biscop, bisceop, AS.
bisceop, biscop, L. episcopus
overseer, superintendent, bishop, fr. Gr. /,
/ over + / inspector, fr. root of
/, /, to look to, perh. akin to L.
specere to look at. See Spy, and cf.
Episcopal.]
1. A spiritual overseer, superintendent, or
director.
Ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the
Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.
1 Pet. ii. 25.
It is a fact now generally recognized by theologians of all
shades of opinion, that in the language of the New Testament the
same officer in the church is called indifferently \'bdbishop\'b8
( / ) and \'bdelder\'b8 or \'bdpresbyter.\'b8
J. B. Lightfoot.
2. In the Roman Catholic, Greek, and Anglican or
Protestant Episcopal churches, one ordained to the highest order
of the ministry, superior to the priesthood, and generally
claiming to be a successor of the Apostles. The bishop is usually
the spiritual head or ruler of a diocese, bishopric, or
see.
Bishop in partibus [infidelium]
(R. C. Ch.), a bishop of a see which does
not actually exist; one who has the office of bishop, without
especial jurisdiction. Shipley. -- Titular
bishop (R. C. Ch.), a term officially
substituted in 1882 for bishop in partibus. -- Bench of
Bishops. See under Bench.
3. In the Methodist Episcopal and some other
churches, one of the highest church officers or
superintendents.
4. A piece used in the game of chess, bearing a
representation of a bishop's miter; -- formerly called
archer.
5. A beverage, being a mixture of wine, oranges or
lemons, and sugar.
Swift.
6. An old name for a woman's bustle.
[U. S.]
If, by her bishop, or her \'bdgrace\'b8 alone,
A genuine lady, or a church, is known.
Saxe.
Bish"op, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bishoped (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bishoping.] To admit into the
church by confirmation; to confirm; hence, to receive formally to
favor.
Bish"op (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bishoped
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bishoping.] [From the name of the
scoundrel who first practiced it. Youatt.]
(Far.) To make seem younger, by operating on the
teeth; as, to bishop an old horse or his
teeth.
The plan adopted is to cut off all the nippers with a saw
to the proper length, and then with a cutting instrument the
operator scoops out an oval cavity in the corner nippers, which
is afterwards burnt with a hot iron until it is black.
J. H. Walsh.
Bish"op*dom (?), n.
Jurisdiction of a bishop; episcopate. \'bdDivine right
of bishopdom.\'b8
Milton.
Bish"op*like` (?), a.
Resembling a bishop; belonging to a bishop.
Fulke.
Bish"op*ly, a. Bishoplike;
episcopal. [Obs.]
Bish"op*ly, adv. In the manner of a
bishop. [Obs.]
Bish"op*ric (?), n. [AS.
bisceopr\'c6ce; bisceop bishop +
r\'c6ce dominion. See -ric.]
1. A diocese; the district over which the
jurisdiction of a bishop extends.
2. The office of a spiritual overseer, as of an
apostle, bishop, or presbyter.
Acts i. 20.
Bish"op's cap` (?). (Bot.) A
plant of the genus Mitella; miterwort.
Longfellow.
Bish"op sleeve` (?). A wide sleeve, once
worn by women.
Bish"op's length` (?). A canvas for a
portrait measuring 58 by 94 inches. The half bishop measures 45
of 56.
Bish"op-stool` (?), n. A
bishop's seat or see.
Bish"op's-weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant of the
genus Ammi. (b) Goutweed
(\'92gopodium podagraria).
Bish"op's-wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) Wood betony (Stachys betonica);
also, the plant called fennel flower (Nigella
Damascena), or devil-in-a-bush.
Bis"ie (?), v. t. To busy; to
employ. [Obs.]
Bi*sil"i*cate (?), n. (Min.
Chem.) A salt of metasilicic acid; -- so called
because the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of
the base is as two to one. The bisilicates include many of the
most common and important minerals.
Bisk (?), n. [F.
bisque.] Soup or broth made by boiling
several sorts of flesh together.
King.
Bisk, n. [F. bisque.]
(Tennis) See Bisque.
{ Bi*smare" (?), Bi*smer"
} (?), n. [AS.
bismer.] Shame; abuse.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bis"mer (?), n. 1. A
rule steelyard. [Scot.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) The fifteen-spined
(Gasterosteus spinachia).
\'d8Bis*mil"lah (?), interj.
[Arabic, in the name of God!] An adjuration or
exclamation common among the Mohammedans. [Written
also Bizmillah.]
Bis"mite (?), n. (Min.)
Bismuth trioxide, or bismuth ocher.
Bis"muth (?), n. [Ger.
bismuth, wismuth: cf. F.
bismuth.] (Chem.) One of the
elements; a metal of a reddish white color, crystallizing in
rhombohedrons. It is somewhat harder than lead, and rather
brittle; masses show broad cleavage surfaces when broken across.
It melts at 507
Bismuth glance, bismuth sulphide;
bismuthinite. -- Bismuth ocher, a native
bismuth oxide; bismite.
Bis"muth*al (?), a. Containing
bismuth.
Bis"muth*ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of or pertaining to bismuth; containing
bismuth, when this element has its higher valence; as,
bismuthic oxide.
Bis`muth*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Bismuth + -ferous.]
Containing bismuth.
{ Bis"muth*ine (?),
Bis"muth*in*ite (?), } n.
Native bismuth sulphide; -- sometimes called
bismuthite.
Bis"muth*ous (?), a. Of, or
containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower
valence.
Bis"muth*yl` (?), n.
(Min.) Hydrous carbonate of bismuth, an earthy
mineral of a dull white or yellowish color. [Written
also bismuthite.]
Bi"son (?), n. [L.
bison, Gr. /, a wild ox; akin to OHG.
wisunt, wisant, G. wisent, AS.
wesend, Icel. v\'c6sundr: cf. F.
bison.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The aurochs or European bison. (b) The
American bison buffalo (Bison Americanus), a large,
gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black
horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate
portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited
districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly
decreasing in numbers.
<-- p. 149 -->
Bi*spi"nose (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + spinose.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having two spines.
\'d8Bisque (?), n. [A
corruption of biscuit.] Unglazed white
porcelain.
Bisque, n. [F.] A point taken
by the receiver of odds in the game of tennis; also, an extra
innings allowed to a weaker player in croquet.
\'d8Bisque, n. [F.] A white
soup made of crayfish.
Bis*sex"tile (?), n. [L.
bissextilis annus, fr. bissextus (bis
+ sextus sixth, fr. sex six) the sixth of the
calends of March, or twenty-fourth day of February, which was
reckoned twice every fourth year, by the intercalation of a
day.] Leap year; every fourth year, in which a day is
added to the month of February on account of the excess of the
tropical year (365 d. 5 h. 48 m. 46 s.) above 365 days. But one
day added every four years is equivalent to six hours each year,
which is 11 m. 14 s. more than the excess of the real year.
Hence, it is necessary to suppress the bissextile day at the end
of every century which is not divisible by 400, while it is
retained at the end of those which are divisible by 400.
Bis*sex"tile, a. Pertaining to leap
year.
Bis"son (?), a. [OE.
bisen, bisne, AS. bisen, prob.
for b\'c6s/ne; bi by + s/ne
clear, akin to se\'a2n to see; clear when near, hence
short-sighted. See See.] Purblind;
blinding. [Obs.] \'bdBisson
rheum.\'b8
Shak.
{ Bis"ter, Bis"tre } (?),
n. [F. bistre a color made of soot; of
unknown origin. Cf., however, LG. biester frowning,
dark, ugly.] (Paint.) A dark brown pigment
extracted from the soot of wood.
Bi*stip"uled (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + stipule.] (Bot.)
Having two stipules.
Bis"tort (?), n. [L. bis +
tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist: cf. F.
bistorte.] (Bot.) An herbaceous
plant of the genus Polygonum, section
Bistorta; snakeweed; adderwort. Its root is used in
medicine as an astringent.
Bis"tou*ry (?), n.; pl.
Bistouries (#). [F.
bistouri.] A surgical instrument consisting
of a slender knife, either straight or curved, generally used by
introducing it beneath the part to be divided, and cutting
towards the surface.
Bis"tre (?), n. See
Bister.
Bi*sul"cate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + sulcate.]
1. Having two grooves or furrows.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Cloven; said of a foot or
hoof.
Bi*sul"cous (?), a. [L.
bisulcus; bis twice + sulcus
furrow.] Bisulcate.
Sir T. Browne.
Bi*sul"phate (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + sulphate.] (Chem.)
A sulphate in which but half the hydrogen of the acid is
replaced by a positive element or radical, thus making the
proportion of the acid to the positive or basic portion twice
what it is in the normal sulphates; an acid sulphate.
Bi*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + sulphide.] (Chem.)
A sulphide having two atoms of sulphur in the molecule; a
disulphide, as in iron pyrites, FeS2; -- less frequently called
bisulphuret.
Bi*sul"phite (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of sulphurous acid in which the
base replaces but half the hydrogen of the acid; an acid
sulphite.
Bi*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + sulphuret.] (Chem.)
See Bisulphide.
Bit (?), n. [OE.
bitt, bite, AS. bite, bite, fr.
b\'c6tan to bite. See Bite, n. &
v., and cf. Bit a morsel.] 1.
The part of a bridle, usually of iron, which is inserted in
the mouth of a horse, and having appendages to which the reins
are fastened.
Shak.
The foamy bridle with the bit of gold.
Chaucer.
2. Fig.: Anything which curbs or restrains.
Bit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bitted (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bitting.] To put a bridle upon; to put
the bit in the mouth of.
Bit, imp. & p. p. of
Bite.
Bit, n. [OE. bite, AS.
bita, fr. b\'c6tan to bite; akin to D.
beet, G. bissen bit, morsel, Icel.
biti. See Bite, v., and cf.
Bit part of a bridle.] 1. A part of
anything, such as may be bitten off or taken into the mouth; a
morsel; a bite. Hence: A small piece of anything; a little; a
mite.
2. Somewhat; something, but not very great.
My young companion was a bit of a poet.
T. Hook.
jot and
whit, to express the smallest degree; as, he is not a
bit wiser.
3. A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes,
usually turned by means of a brace or bitstock. See
Bitstock.
4. The part of a key which enters the lock and acts
upon the bolt and tumblers.
Knight.
5. The cutting iron of a plane.
Knight.
6. In the Southern and Southwestern States, a small
silver coin (as the real) formerly current; commonly, one worth
about 12 1/2 cents; also, the sum of 12 1/2 cents.
Bit my bit, piecemeal.
Pope.
Bit, 3d sing. pr. of Bid, for
biddeth. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bi*take" (?), v. t. [See
Betake, Betaught.] To commend; to
commit. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bi*tan"gent (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + tangent.] (Geom.)
Possessing the property of touching at two points. --
n. A line that touches a curve in two
points.
Bi*tar"trate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of tartaric acid in which the base
replaces but half the acid hydrogen; an acid tartrate, as cream
of tartar.
Bitch (?), n. [OE.
biche, bicche, AS. bicce; cf.
Icel. bikkja, G. betze,
peize.] 1. The female of the
canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox.
2. An opprobrious name for a woman, especially a
lewd woman.
Pope.
Bite (?), v. t.
[imp. Bit (?); p.
p. Bitten (?), Bit; p. pr.
& vb. n. Biting.] [OE.
biten, AS. b\'c6tan; akin to D.
bijten, OS. b\'c6tan, OHG.
b\'c6zan, G. beissen, Goth.
beitan, Icel. b\'c6ta, Sw. bita,
Dan. bide, L. findere to cleave, Skr.
bhid to cleave. Fissure.]
1. To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or
nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the
teeth; as, to bite an apple; to bite a
crust; the dog bit a man.
Such smiling rogues as these,
Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain.
Shak.
2. To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of
some insects) used in taking food.
3. To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or
injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; as, pepper
bites the mouth. \'bdFrosts do
bite the meads.\'b8
Shak.
4. To cheat; to trick; to take in.
[Colloq.]
Pope.
5. To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to;
as, the anchor bites the ground.
The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that
its purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to
bite.
Dickens.
To bite the dust, To bite the
ground, to fall in the agonies of death; as, he
made his enemy bite the dust. -- To bite
in (Etching), to corrode or eat into
metallic plates by means of an acid. -- To bite the
thumb at (any one), formerly a mark of contempt,
designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy. \'bdDo you
bite your thumb at us ?\'b8 Shak. -- To
bite the tongue, to keep silence.
Shak.
Bite (?), v. i. 1. To
seize something forcibly with the teeth; to wound with the teeth;
to have the habit of so doing; as, does the dog
bite?
2. To cause a smarting sensation; to have a
property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent; as, it
bites like pepper or mustard.
3. To cause sharp pain; to produce anguish; to hurt
or injure; to have the property of so doing.
At the last it [wine] biteth like serpent, and
stingeth like an adder.
Prov. xxiii. 32.
4. To take a bait into the mouth, as a fish does;
hence, to take a tempting offer.
5. To take or keep a firm hold; as, the anchor
bites.
Bite, n. [OE. bite,
bit, bitt, AS. bite bite, fr.
b\'c6tan to bite, akin to Icel. bit, OS.
biti, G. biss. See Bite,
v., and cf. Bit.] 1. The
act of seizing with the teeth or mouth; the act of wounding or
separating with the teeth or mouth; a seizure with the teeth or
mouth, as of a bait; as, to give anything a hard
bite.
I have known a very good fisher angle diligently four or six
hours for a river carp, and not have a bite.
Walton.
2. The act of puncturing or abrading with an organ
for taking food, as is done by some insects.
3. The wound made by biting; as, the pain of a
dog's or snake's bite; the bite of a
mosquito.
4. A morsel; as much as is taken at once by
biting.
5. The hold which the short end of a lever has upon
the thing to be lifted, or the hold which one part of a machine
has upon another.
6. A cheat; a trick; a fraud.
[Colloq.]
The baser methods of getting money by fraud and
bite, by deceiving and overreaching.
Humorist.
7. A sharper; one who cheats.
[Slang]
Johnson.
8. (Print.) A blank on the edge or
corner of a page, owing to a portion of the frisket, or something
else, intervening between the type and paper.
Bit"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, bites; that which bites often, or is inclined
to bite, as a dog or fish. \'bdGreat barkers are no
biters.\'b8
Camden.
2. One who cheats; a sharper.
[Colloq.]
Spectator.
Bi*ter"nate (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + ternate.]
(Bot.)Doubly ternate, as when a petiole has three
ternate leaflets. -- Bi*ter"nate*ly,
adv.
Gray.
Bi"the*ism (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + theism.] Belief in the
existence of two gods; dualism.
Bit"ing (?), a. That bites;
sharp; cutting; sarcastic; caustic. \'bdA biting
affliction.\'b8 \'bdA biting jest.\'b8
Shak.
Bit"ing in" (?). (Etching.) The
process of corroding or eating into metallic plates, by means of
an acid. See Etch.
G. Francis.
Bit"ing*ly, adv. In a biting
manner.
Bit"less (?), a. Not having a
bit or bridle.
Bit"stock` (?), n. A stock or
handle for holding and rotating a bit; a brace.
Bitt (?), n. (Naut.)
See Bitts.
Bitt (?), v. t. [See
Bitts.] (Naut.) To put round the
bitts; as, to bitt the cable, in order to fasten it or to
slacken it gradually, which is called veering
away.
Totten.
Bit"ta*cle (?), n. A
binnacle. [Obs.]
Bit"ten (?), p. p. of
Bite.
Bit"ten (?), a. (Bot.)
Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse.
Bit"ter (?), n. [See
Bitts.] (Naut.) AA turn of the
cable which is round the bitts.
Bitter end, that part of a cable which is
abaft the bitts, and so within board, when the ship rides at
anchor.
Bit"ter (?), a. [AS.
biter; akin to Goth. baitrs, Icel.
bitr, Dan., Sw., D., & G. bitter, OS.
bittar, fr. root of E. bite. See
Bite, v. t.] 1. Having a
peculiar, acrid, biting taste, like that of wormwood or an
infusion of hops; as, a bitter medicine;
bitter as aloes.
2. Causing pain or smart; piercing; painful; sharp;
severe; as, a bitter cold day.
3. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain or distress to
the mind; calamitous; poignant.
It is an evil thing and bitter, that thou hast
forsaken the Lord thy God.
Jer. ii. 19.
4. Characterized by sharpness, severity, or
cruelty; harsh; stern; virulent; as, bitter
reproach.
Husbands, love your wives, and be not bitter
against them.
Col. iii. 19.
5. Mournful; sad; distressing; painful;
pitiable.
The Egyptians . . . made their lives bitter with
hard bondage.
Ex. i. 14.
Bitter apple, Bitter cucumber,
Bitter gourd. (Bot.) See
Colocynth. -- Bitter cress
(Bot.), a plant of the genus Cardamine,
esp. C. amara. -- Bitter earth
(Min.), tale earth; calcined magnesia. --
Bitter principles (Chem.), a class of
substances, extracted from vegetable products, having strong
bitter taste but with no sharply defined chemical
characteristics. -- Bitter salt, Epsom
salts;; magnesium sulphate. -- Bitter vetch
(Bot.), a name given to two European leguminous
herbs, Vicia Orobus and Ervum Ervilia.
-- To the bitter end, to the last extremity,
however calamitous.
Syn. -- Acrid; sharp; harsh; pungent; stinging; cutting;
severe; acrimonious.
Bit"ter (?), n. Any substance
that is bitter. See Bitters.
Bit"ter, v. t. To make bitter.
Wolcott.
Bit"ter*bump` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) the butterbump or bittern.
Bit"ter*ful (?), a. Full of
bitterness. [Obs.]
Bit"ter*ing, n. A bitter compound used
in adulterating beer; bittern.
Bit"ter*ish, a. Somewhat bitter.
Goldsmith.
Bit"ter*ling (?), n. [G.]
(Zo\'94l.) A roachlike European fish
(Rhodima amarus).
Bit"ter*ly, adv. In a bitter
manner.
Bit"tern (?), n. [OE.
bitoure, betore, bitter, fr. F.
butor; of unknown origin.] (Zo\'94l.)
A wading bird of the genus Botaurus, allied to
the herons, of various species.
Botaurus
stellaris. It makes, during the brooding season, a noise
called by Dryden bumping, and by Goldsmith booming. The American
bittern is B. lentiginosus, and is also called
stake-driver and meadow
hen. See Stake-driver.
The name is applied to other related birds, as the
least bittern (Ardetta exilis), and
the sun bittern.
Bit"tern, n. [From Bitter,
a.] 1. The brine which remains in
salt works after the salt is concreted, having a bitter taste
from the chloride of magnesium which it contains.
2. A very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus
Indicus, etc., used by fraudulent brewers in adulterating
beer.
Cooley.
Bit"ter*ness (?), n. [AS.
biternys; biter better + -nys =
-ness.] 1. The quality or state of
being bitter, sharp, or acrid, in either a literal or figurative
sense; implacableness; resentfulness; severity; keenness of
reproach or sarcasm; deep distress, grief, or vexation of
mind.
The lip that curls with bitterness.
Percival.
I will complain in the bitterness of my soul.
Job vii. 11.
2. A state of extreme impiety or enmity to
God.
Thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond
of iniquity.
Acts viii. 23.
3. Dangerous error, or schism, tending to draw
persons to apostasy.
Looking diligently, . . . lest any root of
bitterness springing up trouble you.
Heb. xii. 15.
Bit"ter*nut", n. (Bot.) The
swamp hickory (Carya amara). Its thin-shelled nuts are
bitter.
Bit"ter*root` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Lewisia rediviva)
allied to the purslane, but with fleshy, farinaceous roots,
growing in the mountains of Idaho, Montana, etc. It gives the
name to the Bitter Root mountains and river. The Indians call
both the plant and the river Sp\'91t'lum.
Bit"ters (?), n. pl. A liquor,
generally spirituous in which a bitter herb, leaf, or root is
steeped.
Bit"ter spar" (?). A common name of
dolomite; -- so called because it contains magnesia, the soluble
salts of which are bitter. See Dolomite.
Bit"ter*sweet` (?), a. Sweet
and then bitter or bitter and then sweet; esp. sweet with a
bitter after taste; hence (Fig.), pleasant but
painful.
Bit"ter*sweet`, n. 1. Anything
which is bittersweet.
2. A kind of apple so called.
Gower.
3. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub,
with oval coral-red berries (Solanum dulcamara); woody
nightshade. The whole plant is poisonous, and has a taste at
first sweetish and then bitter. The branches are the officinal
dulcamara. (b) An American woody
climber (Celastrus scandens), whose yellow capsules
open late in autumn, and disclose the red aril which covers the
seeds; -- also called Roxbury waxwork.
Bit"ter*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of Ambrosia (A.
artemisi\'91folia); Roman worm wood.
Gray.
Bit"ter*wood` (?), n. A West
Indian tree (Picr\'91na excelsa) from the wood of
which the bitter drug Jamaica quassia is obtained.
Bit"ter*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The yellow gentian (Gentiana
lutea), which has a very bitter taste.
Bit"tock (?), n. [See
Bit a morsel.] A small bit of anything, of
indefinite size or quantity; a short distance.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
{ Bit"tor Bit"tour } (?),
n. [See Bittern]
(Zo\'94l.) The bittern.
Dryden.
Bitts (?), n. pl. [Cf. F.
bitte, Icel. biti, a beam. /87.]
(Naut.) A frame of two strong timbers fixed
perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fasten
the cables as the ship rides at anchor, or in warping. Other
bitts are used for belaying (belaying bitts), for
sustaining the windlass (carrick bitts, winch
bitts, or windlass bitts), to hold the pawls of
the windlass (pawl bitts) etc.
Bi*tume" (?), n. [F. See
Bitumen.] Bitumen.
[Poetic]
May.
Bi*tumed" (?), a. Smeared with
bitumen. [R.] \'bdThe hatches caulked and
bitumed.\'b8
Shak.
Bi*tu"men (?), n. [L.
bitumen: cf. F. bitume. Cf.
B\'82ton.] 1. Mineral pitch; a
black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch.
It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on
the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements,
in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt.
<-- p. 150 -->
2. By extension, any one of the natural
hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called
asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily
petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
Bi*tu"mi*nate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bituminated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bituminating.] [L.
bituminatus, p. p. of bituminare to
bituminate. See Bitumen.] To treat or
impregnate with bitumen; to cement with bitumen.
\'bdBituminated walls of Babylon.\'b8
Feltham.
Bi*tu`mi*nif"er*ous (?), a.
[Bitumen + -ferous.]
Producing bitumen.
Kirwan.
Bi*tu`mi*ni*za"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. bituminisation.] The process
of bituminizing.
Mantell.
Bi*tu"mi*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bituminized
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bituminizing.] [Cf. F.
bituminiser.] To prepare, treat,
impregnate, or coat with bitumen.
Bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. [L.
bituminosus: cf. F. bitumineux.]
Having the qualities of bitumen; compounded with bitumen;
containing bitumen.
Near that bituminous lake where Sodom flamed.
Milton.
Bituminous coal, a kind of coal which yields,
when heated, a considerable amount of volatile bituminous matter.
It burns with a yellow smoky flame. -- Bituminous
limestone, a mineral of a brown or black color,
emitting an unpleasant smell when rubbed. That of Dalmatia is so
charged with bitumen that it may be cut like soap. --
Bituminous shale, an argillaceous shale
impregnated with bitumen, often accompanying coal.
Bi"u*ret (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + urea.] (Chem.)
A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance, C2O2N3H5,
formed by heating urea. It is intermediate between urea and
cyanuric acid.
Biv"a*len*cy (?), n.
(Chem.) The quality of being bivalent.
Biv"a*lent (?), a. [L.
bis twice + valens, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Equivalent in
combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen;
dyad.
Bi"valve (?), n. [F.
bivalve; bi- (L. bis) +
valve valve.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or
valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which
is usually strengthened by prominences called teeth.
The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles
attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as
in the oyster. See Mollusca.
2. (Bot.) A pericarp in which the seed
case opens or splits into two parts or valves.
Bi"valve (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + valve.] (Zo\'94l. &
Bot.) Having two shells or valves which open and shut,
as the oyster and certain seed vessels.
Bi"valved (?), a. Having two
valves, as the oyster and some seed pods; bivalve.
Bi*val"vous (?), a.
Bivalvular.
Bi*val"vu*lar (?), a. Having
two valves.
Bi*vault"ed (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + vault.] Having two vaults
or arches.
Bi*vec"tor (?), n. [Pref.
bi- + vector.] (Math.)
A term made up of the two parts / + /1 /-1, where /
and /1 are vectors.
Bi*ven"tral (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + ventral.] (Anat.) Having
two bellies or protuberances; as, a biventral, or
digastric, muscle, or the biventral lobe of the
cerebellum.
Biv"i*al (?), a. Of or relating
to the bivium.
Biv"i*ous (?), a. [L.
bivius; bis twice + via
way.] Having, or leading, two ways.
Bivious theorems and Janus-faced doctrines.
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Biv"i*um (?), n. [L., a
place with two ways. See Bivious.]
(Zo\'94l.) One side of an echinoderm, including a
pair of ambulacra, in distinction from the opposite side
(trivium), which includes three ambulacra.
Biv"ouac (?), n. [F.
bivouac, bivac, prab. fr. G.
beiwache, or beiwacht; bei by,
near + wachen to watch, wache watch, guard.
See By, and Watch.] (Mil.)
(a) The watch of a whole army by night, when in
danger of surprise or attack. (b) An
encampment for the night without tents or covering.
Biv"ouac, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bivouacked (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bivouacking.] (Mil.) (a)
To watch at night or be on guard, as a whole army.
(b) To encamp for the night without tents or
covering.
Bi"week`ly (?), a. [Pref.
bi- + weekly.] Occurring or
appearing once every two weeks; fortnightly. --
n. A publication issued every two
weeks. -- Bi"week"ly,
adv.
Bi*wreye" (?), v. t. To bewray;
to reveal. [Obs.]
Biz"an*tine (?). See
Byzantine.
Bi*zarre" (?), a. [F.
bizarre odd, fr. Sp. bizarro gallant,
brave, liberal, prob. of Basque origin; cf. Basque
bizarra beard, whence the meaning manly,
brave.] Odd in manner or appearance;
fantastic; whimsical; extravagant; grotesque.
C. Kingsley.
Bi*zet" (?), n. [Cf.
Bezel.] The upper faceted portion of a
brilliant-cut diamond, which projects from the setting and
occupies the zone between the girdle and the table. See
Brilliant, n.
Blab (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blabbed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Blabbing.]
[Cf. OE. blaberen, or Dan. blabbre, G.
plappern, Gael. blabaran a stammerer; prob.
of imitative origin. Cf. also Blubber,
v.] To utter or tell unnecessarily, or in a
thoughtless manner; to publish (secrets or trifles) without
reserve or discretion.
Udall.
And yonder a vile physician blabbing
The case of his patient.
Tennyson.
Blab, v. i. To talk thoughtlessly or
without discretion; to tattle; to tell tales.
She must burst or blab.
Dryden.
Blab, n. [OE. blabbe.]
One who blabs; a babbler; a telltale. \'bdAvoided as a
blab.\'b8
Milton.
For who will open himself to a blab or a
babbler.
Bacon.
Blab"ber (?), n. A tattler; a
telltale.
Black (?), a. [OE.
blak, AS. bl\'91c; akin to Icel.
blakkr dark, swarthy, Sw. bl\'84ck ink,
Dan. bl\'91k, OHG. blach, LG. & D.
blaken to burn with a black smoke. Not akin to AS.
bl\'bec, E. bleak pallid. /98.]
1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting
it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark
color, the opposite of white; characterized by such a
color; as, black cloth; black hair or
eyes.
O night, with hue so black!
Shak.
2. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded
in darkness; very dark or gloomy; as, a black night;
the heavens black with clouds.
I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud.
Shak.
3. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like
darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously
wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible. \'bdThis
day's black fate.\'b8 \'bdBlack
villainy.\'b8 \'bdArise, black vengeance.\'b8
\'bdBlack day.\'b8 \'bdBlack despair.\'b8
Shak.
4. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening;
sullen; foreboding; as, to regard one with black
looks.
Black is often used in self-explaining
compound words; as, black-eyed,
black-faced, black-haired,
black-visaged.
Black act, the English statute 9 George I,
which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren,
etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or
disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for
malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called
black acts. -- Black angel
(Zo\'94l.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida
(Holacanthus tricolor), with the head and tail yellow,
and the middle of the body black. -- Black
antimony (Chem.), the black sulphide of
antimony, Sb2S3, used in pyrotechnics, etc.
-- Black bear (Zo\'94l.), the common
American bear (Ursus Americanus). -- Black
beast. See B\'88te noire. -- Black
beetle (Zo\'94l.), the common large
cockroach (Blatta orientalis). -- Black and
blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is
accompanied with a mixture of blue. \'bdTo pinch the
slatterns black and blue.\'b8 Hudibras. --
Black bonnet (Zo\'94l.), the
black-headed bunting (Embriza Sch\'d2niclus) of
Europe. -- Black canker, a disease in turnips
and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. --
Black cat (Zo\'94l.), the fisher, a
quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See
Fisher. -- Black cattle, any bovine
cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy
cattle. [Eng.] -- Black cherry.
See under Cherry. -- Black cockatoo
(Zo\'94l.), the palm cockatoo. See
Cockatoo. -- Black copper. Same as
Melaconite. -- Black currant.
(Bot.) See Currant. -- Black
diamond. (Min.) See Carbonado.
-- Black draught (Med.), a cathartic
medicine, composed of senna and magnesia. -- Black
drop (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic
preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in
vinegar. -- Black earth, mold; earth of a
dark color. Woodward. -- Black flag,
the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and
crossbones; a signal of defiance. -- Black flea
(Zo\'94l.), a flea beetle (Haltica
nemorum) injurious to turnips. -- Black
flux, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal,
obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter.
Brande & C. -- Black fly.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) In the United States, a
small, venomous, two-winged fly of the genus Simulium
of several species, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the
northern forests. The larv\'91 are aquatic. (b)
A black plant louse, as the bean aphis (A.
fab\'91). -- Black Forest [a
translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in
Baden and W\'81rtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient
Hercynian forest. -- Black game, or
Black grouse. (Zo\'94l.) See
Blackcock, Grouse, and Heath
grouse. -- Black grass (Bot.),
a grasslike rush of the species Juncus Gerardi,
growing on salt marshes, and making good hay. -- Black
gum (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or
pepperidge. See Tupelo. -- Black Hamburg
(grape) (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of
dark purple or \'bdblack\'b8 grape. -- Black
horse (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the Mississippi
valley (Cycleptus elongatus), of the sucker family;
the Missouri sucker. -- Black lemur
(Zo\'94l.), the Lemurniger of
Madagascar; the acoumbo of the natives.
-- Black list, a list of persons who are for some
reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list
of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for
the protection of tradesmen or employers. See Blacklist,
v. t. -- Black manganese
(Chem.), the black oxide of manganese,
MnO2. -- Black Maria, the
close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail.
-- Black martin (Zo\'94l.), the chimney
swift. See Swift. -- Black moss
(Bot.), the common so-called long moss of the
southern United States. See Tillandsia. --
Black oak. See under Oak. --
Black ocher. See Wad. -- Black
pigment, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or
lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink.
It is obtained by burning common coal tar. -- Black
plate, sheet iron before it is tinned.
Knight. -- Black quarter, malignant
anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an
ox. -- Black rat (Zo\'94l.), one
of the species of rats (Mus rattus), commonly
infesting houses. -- Black rent. See
Blackmail, n., 3. -- Black
rust, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist
matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain. --
Black sheep, one in a family or company who is
unlike the rest, and makes trouble. -- Black
silver. (Min.) See under
Silver. -- Black and tan, black
mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in
describing certain breeds of dogs. -- Black tea.
See under Tea. -- Black tin
(Mining), tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed,
stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a
black powder, like fine sand. Knight. -- Black
walnut. See under Walnut. -- Black
warrior (Zo\'94l.), an American hawk
(Buteo Harlani).
Syn. -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy;
swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.
Black (?), adv. Sullenly;
threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness.
Black, n. 1. That which is
destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a
destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good
black.
Black is the badge of hell,
The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.
Shak.
2. A black pigment or dye.
3. A negro; a person whose skin is of a black
color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of
certain African races.
4. A black garment or dress; as, she wears
black; pl. (Obs.)
Mourning garments of a black color; funereal drapery.
Friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the
like show death terrible.
Bacon.
That was the full time they used to wear blacks for
the death of their fathers.
Sir T. North.
5. The part of a thing which is distinguished from
the rest by being black.
The black or sight of the eye.
Sir K. Digby.
6. A stain; a spot; a smooch.
Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly
blacks of lust.
Rowley.
Black and white, writing or print; as, I must
have that statement in black and white. --
Blue black, a pigment of a blue black color.
-- Ivory black, a fine kind of animal charcoal
prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief
ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing. --
Berlin black. See under Berlin.
Black, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blacked ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blacking.] [See Black,
a., and cf. Blacken.]
1. To make black; to blacken; to soil; to
sully.
They have their teeth blacked, both men and women,
for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will
black theirs.
Hakluyt.
Sins which black thy soul.
J. Fletcher.
2. To make black and shining, as boots or a stove,
by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush.
Black"a*moor (?), n.
[Black + Moor.] A negro or
negress.
Shak.
Black" art` (?). The art practiced by
conjurers and witches; necromancy; conjuration; magic.
niger black, instead of nekro`s, a dead
person, and mantei`a, divination.
Wright.
Black"-a-vised` (?), a.
Dark-visaged; swart.
Black"ball` (?), n. 1.
A composition for blacking shoes, boots, etc.; also, one for
taking impressions of engraved work.
2. A ball of black color, esp. one used as a
negative in voting; -- in this sense usually two words.
Black"ball`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blackballed (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blackballing.] 1. To
vote against, by putting a black ball into a ballot box; to
reject or exclude, as by voting against with black balls; to
ostracize.
He was blackballed at two clubs in succession.
Thackeray.
2. To blacken (leather, shoes, etc.) with
blacking.
Black"band` (?), n.
(Min.) An earthy carbonate of iron containing
considerable carbonaceous matter; -- valuable as an iron
ore.
Black" bass` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
1. An edible, fresh-water fish of the United
States, of the genus Micropterus. the small-mouthed
kind is M. dolomie\'c6; the largemouthed is M.
salmoides.
2. The sea bass. See Blackfish, 3.
Black"ber*ry (?), n. [OE.
blakberye, AS. bl\'91cerie;
bl\'91c black + berie berry.]
The fruit of several species of bramble (Rubus);
also, the plant itself. Rubus fruticosus is the
blackberry of England; R. villosus and R.
Canadensis are the high blackberry and low blackberry of
the United States. There are also other kinds.
Black"bird (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) In England, a species of thrush
(Turdus merula), a singing bird with a fin note; the
merle. In America the name is given to several birds, as the
Quiscalus versicolor, or crow blackbird; the
Agel\'91us ph\'d2niceus, or red-winged blackbird; the
cowbird; the rusty grackle, etc. See Redwing.
Black"board` (?), n. A broad
board painted black, or any black surface on which writing,
drawing, or the working of mathematical problems can be done with
chalk or crayons. It is much used in schools.
Black" book` (?). 1. One of
several books of a political character, published at different
times and for different purposes; -- so called either from the
color of the binding, or from the character of the
contents.
<-- p. 151 -->
2. A book compiled in the twelfth century,
containing a description of the court of exchequer of England, an
official statement of the revenues of the crown, etc.
3. A book containing details of the enormities
practiced in the English monasteries and religious houses,
compiled by order of their visitors under Henry VIII., to hasten
their dissolution.
4. A book of admiralty law, of the highest
authority, compiled in the reign of Edw. III.
Bouvier. Wharton.
5. A book kept for the purpose of registering the
names of persons liable to censure or punishment, as in the
English universities, or the English armies.
6. Any book which treats of necromancy.
Black"-browed` (?), a. Having
black eyebrows. Hence: Gloomy; dismal; threatening;
forbidding.
Shak. Dryden.
Black*bur"ni*an war"bler (?). [Named from
Mrs. Blackburn, an English lady.]
(Zo\'94l.) A beautiful warbler of the United
States (Dendroica Blackburni\'91). The male is
strongly marked with orange, yellow, and black on the head and
neck, and has an orange-yellow breast.
Black"cap` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small European song
bird (Sylvia atricapilla), with a black crown; the
mock nightingale. (b) An American titmouse
(Parus atricapillus); the chickadee.
2. (Cookery) An apple roasted till
black, to be served in a dish of boiled custard.
3. The black raspberry.
Black"coat` (?), n. A
clergyman; -- familiarly so called, as a soldier is sometimes
called a redcoat or a bluecoat.
Black"cock` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The male of the European black grouse
(Tetrao tetrix, Linn.); -- so called by sportsmen. The
female is called gray hen. See Heath
grouse.
Black" death` (?). A pestilence which
ravaged Europe and Asia in the fourteenth century.
Black"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blackened
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blackening.] [See Black,
a., and cf. Black, v. t. ]
1. To make or render black.
While the long funerals blacken all the way.
Pope.
2. To make dark; to darken; to cloud.
\'bdBlackened the whole heavens.\'b8
South.
3. To defame; to sully, as reputation; to make
infamous; as, vice blackens the
character.
Syn. -- To denigrate; defame; vilify; slander; calumniate;
traduce; malign; asperse.
Black"en, v. i. To grow black or
dark.
Black"en*er (?), n. One who
blackens.
Black"-eyed` (?), a. Having
black eyes.
Dryden.
Black"-faced` (?), a. Having a
black, dark, or gloomy face or aspect.
Black"feet` (?), n. pl.
(Ethn.) A tribe of North American Indians
formerly inhabiting the country from the upper Missouri River to
the Saskatchewan, but now much reduced in numbers.
Black"fin` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bluefin.
Black"fish (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A small kind of whale, of the genus
Globicephalus, of several species. The most common is
G. melas. Also sometimes applied to other whales of
larger size.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The tautog of New England
(Tautoga).
3. (Zo\'94l.) The black sea bass
(Centropristis atrarius) of the Atlantic coast. It is
excellent food fish; -- locally called also black
Harry.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of southern Europe
(Centrolophus pompilus) of the Mackerel family.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The female salmon in the
spawning season.
Black"foot` (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Blackfeet; as, a Blackfoot
Indian. -- n. A Blackfoot
Indian.
Black" fri`ar (?). (Eccl.) A
friar of the Dominican order; -- called also
predicant and preaching
friar; in France, Jacobin. Also,
sometimes, a Benedictine.
Black"guard (?), n.
[Black + guard.] 1.
The scullions and lower menials of a court, or of a
nobleman's household, who, in a removal from one residence to
another, had charge of the kitchen utensils, and being smutted by
them, were jocularly called the \'bdblack guard\'b8; also, the
servants and hangers-on of an army. [Obs.]
A lousy slave, that . . . rode with the black guard
in the duke's carriage, 'mongst spits and dripping pans.
Webster (1612).
2. The criminals and vagrants or vagabonds of a
town or community, collectively. [Obs.]
3. A person of stained or low character, esp. one
who uses scurrilous language, or treats others with foul abuse; a
scoundrel; a rough.
A man whose manners and sentiments are decidedly below those
of his class deserves to be called a blackguard.
Macaulay.
4. A vagrant; a bootblack; a gamin.
[Obs.]
Black"guard`, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Blackguarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blackguarding.] To revile or abuse in
scurrilous language.
Southey.
Black"guard, a. Scurrilous; abusive;
low; worthless; vicious; as, blackguard
language.
Black"guard*ism (?), n. The
conduct or language of a blackguard; rufflanism.
Black"guard*ly, adv. & a. In the manner
of or resembling a blackguard; abusive; scurrilous;
ruffianly.
Black"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The scaup duck.
Black"heart` (?), n. A
heart-shaped cherry with a very dark-colored skin.
Black"-heart`ed, a. Having a wicked,
malignant disposition; morally bad.
Black" hole` (?). A dungeon or dark cell
in a prison; a military lock-up or guardroom; -- now commonly
with allusion to the cell (the Black Hole) in a fort at Calcutta,
into which 146 English prisoners were thrust by the nabob Suraja
Dowla on the night of June 20, 17656, and in which 123 of the
prisoners died before morning from lack of air.
A discipline of unlimited autocracy, upheld by rods, and
ferules, and the black hole.
H. Spencer.
Black"ing, n. 1. Any
preparation for making things black; esp. one for giving a black
luster to boots and shoes, or to stoves.
2. The act or process of making black.
Black"ish, a. Somewhat black.
Black"-jack`, n. 1.
(Min.) A name given by English miners to
sphalerite, or zinc blende; -- called also false
galena. See Blende.
2. Caramel or burnt sugar, used to color wines,
spirits, ground coffee, etc.
3. A large leather vessel for beer, etc.
[Obs.]
4. (Bot.) The Quercus nigra,
or barren oak.
5. The ensign of a pirate.
Black` lead" (?). Plumbago; graphite.It
leaves a blackish mark somewhat like lead. See
Graphite.
Black`lead", v. t. To coat or to polish
with black lead.
Black"leg` (?), n. 1.
A notorious gambler. [Colloq.]
2. A disease among calves and sheep, characterized
by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in
the neck. [Eng.]
Black" let`ter (?). The old English or
Gothic letter, in which the Early English manuscripts were
written, and the first English books were printed. It was
conspicuous for its blackness. See Type.
Black"-let`ter, a. 1. Written
or printed in black letter; as, a black-letter
manuscript or book.
2. Given to the study of books in black letter;
that is, of old books; out of date.
Kemble, a black-letter man!
J. Boaden.
3. Of or pertaining to the days in the calendar not
marked with red letters as saints' days. Hence: Unlucky;
inauspicious.
Black"list` (?), v. t. To put
in a black list as deserving of suspicion, censure, or
punishment; esp. to put in a list of persons stigmatized as
insolvent or untrustworthy, -- as tradesmen and employers do for
mutual protection; as, to blacklist a workman who
has been discharged. See Black list, under
Black, a.
If you blacklist us, we will boycott you.
John Swinton.
Black"ly, adv. In a black manner;
darkly, in color; gloomily; threateningly; atrociously.
\'bdDeeds so blackly grim and horrid.\'b8
Feltham.
Black"mail` (?), n.
[Black + mail a piece of money.]
1. A certain rate of money, corn, cattle, or other
thing, anciently paid, in the north of England and south of
Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, or moss
troopers, to be by them protected from pillage.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Payment of money exacted by means of
intimidation; also, extortion of money from a person by threats
of public accusation, exposure, or censure.
3. (Eng. Law) Black rent, or rent paid
in corn, flesh, or the lowest coin, a opposed to \'bdwhite
rent\'b8, which paid in silver.
To levy blackmail, to extort money by threats,
as of injury to one's reputation.
Black"mail`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blackmailed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blackmailing.] To extort money
from by exciting fears of injury other than bodily harm, as
injury to reputation, distress of mind, etc.; as, to
blackmail a merchant by threatening to expose an alleged
fraud. [U. S.]
Black"mail`er (?), n. One who
extorts, or endeavors to extort, money, by black mailing.
Black"mail`ing, n. The act or practice
of extorting money by exciting fears of injury other than bodily
harm, as injury to reputation.
Black" Mon`day (?). 1. Easter
Monday, so called from the severity of that day in 1360, which
was so unusual that many of Edward III.'s soldiers, then before
Paris, died from the cold.
Stow.
Then it was not for nothing that may nose fell a bleeding on
Black Monday last.
Shak.
2. The first Monday after the holidays; -- so
called by English schoolboys.
Halliwell.
Black" monk` (?). A Benedictine
monk.
Black"moor (?), n. See
Blackamoor.
Black"-mouthed` (?), a. Using
foul or scurrilous language; slanderous.
Black"ness, n. The quality or state of
being black; black color; atrociousness or enormity in
wickedness.
They're darker now than blackness.
Donne.
Black"poll` (?), n.
[Black + poll head.]
(Zo\'94l.) A warbler of the United States
(Dendroica striata).
Black" pud"ding (?). A kind of sausage
made of blood, suet, etc., thickened with meal.
And fat black puddings, -- proper food,
For warriors that delight in blood.
Hudibras.
Black" Rod` (?). (a) the usher to
the Chapter of the Garter, so called from the black
rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and also
usher to the House of Lords. [Eng.]
(b) An usher in the legislature of British
colonies.
Cowell.
Committed to the custody of the Black Rod.
Macaulay.
Black"root`, n. (Bot.) See
Colicroot.
Blacks (?), n. pl. 1.
The name of a kind of in used in copperplate printing,
prepared from the charred husks of the grape, and residue of the
wine press.
2. Soot flying in the air.
[Eng.]
3. Black garments, etc. See Black,
n., 4.
Black"salt`er (?), n. One
who,makes crude potash, or black salts.
Black" salts` (?). Crude potash.
De Colange.
Black"smith` (?), n.
[Black (in allusion to the color of the metal) +
smith. Cf. Whitesmith.] 1.
A smith who works in iron with a forge, and makes iron
utensils, horseshoes, etc.
The blacksmith may forge what he pleases.
Howell.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the Pacific
coast (Chromis, or Heliastes, punctipinnis), of a
blackish color.
{ Black" snake` (?) Black"snake }, n.
(Zo\'94l.) A snake of a black color, of which two
species are common in the United States, the Bascanium
constrictor, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the
Scotophis Alleghaniensis, seven or eight feet
long.
Natrix atra of Jamaica.
Black"strap` (?), n. 1.
A mixture of spirituous liquor (usually rum) and
molasses.
No blackstrap to-night; switchel, or ginger
pop.
Judd.
2. Bad port wine; any commo wine of the
Mediterranean; -- so called by sailors.
Black"tail` (?), n.
[Black + tail.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A fish; the ruff or pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The black-tailed deer
(Cervus or Cariacus Columbianus) of California and
Oregon; also, the mule deer of the Rocky Mountains. See Mule
deer.
Black"thorn` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) A spreading thorny shrub or
small tree (Prunus spinosa), with blackish bark, and
bearing little black plums, which are called sloes; the
sloe. (b) A species of Crat\'91gus
or hawthorn (C. tomentosa). Both are used for
hedges.
Black" vom"it (?). (Med.) A
copious vomiting of dark-colored matter; or the substance so
discharged; -- one of the most fatal symptoms in yellow
fever.
{ Black" wash` (?) Black"wash }, n. 1.
(Med.) A lotion made by mixing calomel and lime
water.
2. A wash that blackens, as opposed to
whitewash; hence, figuratively, calumny.
To remove as far as he can the modern layers of black
wash, and let the man himself, fair or foul, be seen.
C. Kingsley.
Black"wood (?), n. A name given
to several dark-colored timbers. The East Indian black wood is
from the tree Dalbergia latifolia.
Balfour.
Black"work` (?), n. Work
wrought by blacksmiths; -- so called in distinction from that
wrought by whitesmiths.
Knight.
Blad"der (?), n. [OE.
bladder, bleddre, AS. bl/dre,
bl/ddre; akin to Icel. bla/ra, SW.
bl\'84ddra, Dan. bl\'91re, D.
blaar, OHG. bl\'betara the bladder in the
body of animals, G. blatter blister, bustule; all fr.
the same root as AS. bl\'bewan, E. blow, to
puff. See Blow to puff.]
1. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals,
which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; as, the urinary
bladder; the gall bladder; -- applied
especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or
when taken out and inflated with air.
2. Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled
with air, or a thin, watery fluid.
3. (Bot.) A distended, membranaceous
pericarp.
4. Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.
\'bdTo swim with bladders of philosophy.\'b8
Rochester.
Bladder nut, Bladder
tree (Bot.), a genus of plants
(Staphylea) with bladderlike seed pods. --
Bladder pod (Bot.), a genus of low
herbs (Vesicaria) with inflated seed pods. --
Bladdor senna (Bot.), a genus of shrubs
(Colutea), with membranaceous, inflated pods. --
Bladder worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of
any species of tapeworm (T\'91nia), found in the flesh
or other parts of animals. See Measle,
Cysticercus. -- Bladder wrack
(Bot.), the common black rock weed of the seacoast
(Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus) --
called also bladder tangle. See
Wrack.
Blad"der, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bladdered (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bladdering.] 1. To
swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.
[Obs.]
G. Fletcher.
2. To put up in bladders; as,
bladdered lard.
Blad"der*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus (Utricularia) of
aquatic or marshy plants, which usually bear numerous vesicles in
the divisions of the leaves. These serve as traps for minute
animals. See Ascidium.
Blad"der*y (?), a. Having
bladders; also, resembling a bladder.
Blade (?), n. [OE.
blade, blad, AS. bl\'91d leaf;
akin to OS., D., Dan., & Sw. blad, Icel.
bla/, OHG. blat, G. blatt, and
perh. to L. folium, Gr. /. The root is
prob. the same as that of AS. bl/wan, E.
blow, to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and
cf. Foil leaf of metal.]
1. Properly, the leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of
any plant, especially of gramineous plants. The term is sometimes
applied to the spire of grasses.
The crimson dulse . . . with its waving blade.
Percival.
First the blade, then ear, after that the full corn
in the ear.
Mark iv. 28.
2. The cutting part of an instrument; as, the
blade of a knife or a sword.
3. The broad part of an oar; also, one of the
projecting arms of a screw propeller.
4. The scapula or shoulder blade.
5. pl. (Arch.) The
principal rafters of a roof.
Weale.
6. pl. (Com.) The four
large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the
middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best
tortoise shell.
De Colange.
7. A sharp-witted, dashing, wild, or reckless,
fellow; -- a word of somewhat indefinite meaning.
He saw a turnkey in a trice
Fetter a troublesome blade.
Coleridge.
<-- p. 152 -->
Blade (?), v. t. To furnish
with a blade.
Blade, v. i. To put forth or have a
blade.
As sweet a plant, as fair a flower, is faded
As ever in the Muses' garden bladed.
P. Fletcher.
Blade"bone` (?), n. The
scapula. See Blade, 4.
Blad"ed (?), a. 1.
Having a blade or blades; as a two-bladed knife.
Decking with liquid pearl the bladed grass.
Shak.
2. Divested of blades; as, bladed
corn.
3. (Min.) Composed of long and narrow
plates, shaped like the blade of a knife.
Blade"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A long, thin, marine fish of Europe
(Trichiurus lepturus); the ribbon fish.
Blade"smith` (?), n. A sword
cutler. [Obs.]
Blad"y (?), a. Consisting of
blades. [R.] \'bdBlady grass.\'b8
Drayton.
Bl\'91 (?), a. [See
Blue.] Dark blue or bluish gray;
lead-colored. [Scot.]
Bl\'91"ber*ry (?), n.
[Bl\'91 + berry; akin to Icel
bl\'beber, Sw. bl/b\'84r, D.
blaab\'91r. Cf. Blueberry.] The
bilberry. [North of Eng. & Scot.]
\'d8Blague (?), n. [F.]
Mendacious boasting; falcefood; humbug.
Blain (?), n. [OE.
blein, bleyn, AS. bl/gen; akin
to Dan. blegn, D. blein; perh. fr. the same
root as E. bladder. See Bladder.]
1. An inflammatory swelling or sore; a bulla,
pustule, or blister.
Blotches and blains must all his flesh emboss.
Milton.
2. (Far.) A bladder growing on the root
of the tongue of a horse, against the windpipe, and stopping the
breath.
Blam"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
bl\'83mable.] Deserving of censure; faulty;
culpable; reprehensible; censurable; blameworthy. --
Blam"a*ble*ness, n. --
Blam"a*bly (/), adv.
Blame, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blamed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blaming.] [OE. blamen, F.
bl\'83r, OF. blasmer, fr. L.
blasphemare to blaspheme, LL. also to blame, fr. Gr.
/ to speak ill to slander, to blaspheme, fr.
/ evil speaking, perh, for /;
/ injury (fr. / to injure) +
/ a saying, fr. / to say. Cf.
Blaspheme, and see Fame.]
1. To censure; to express disapprobation of; to
find fault with; to reproach.
We have none to blame but ourselves.
Tillotson.
2. To bring reproach upon; to blemish.
[Obs.]
She . . . blamed her noble blood.
Spenser.
To blame, to be blamed, or deserving blame; in
fault; as, the conductor was to blame for the
accident.
You were to blame, I must be plain with you.
Shak.
Blame, n. [OE. blame, fr. F.
bl\'83me, OF. blasme, fr.
bl\'83mer, OF. blasmer, to blame. See
Blame, v.] 1. An
expression of disapprobation fir something deemed to be wrong;
imputation of fault; censure.
Let me bear the blame forever.
Gen. xiiii. 9.
2. That which is deserving of censure or
disapprobation; culpability; fault; crime; sin.
Holy and without blame before him in love.
Eph. i. 4.
3. Hurt; injury. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Syn. -- Censure; reprehension; condemnation; reproach;
fault; sin; crime; wrongdoing.
Blame"ful (?), a. 1.
Faulty; meriting blame.
Shak.
2. Attributing blame or fault; implying or
conveying censure; faultfinding; censorious.
Chaucer.
-- Blame"ful*ly, adv. --
Blame"ful*ness, n.
Blame"less, a. Free from blame; without
fault; innocent; guiltless; -- sometimes followed by
of.
A bishop then must be blameless.
1 Tim. iii. 2.
Blameless still of arts that polish to deprave.
Mallet.
We will be blameless of this thine oath.
Josh. ii. 17.
Syn. -- Irreproachable; sinless; unblemished;
inculpable. -- Blameless,
Spotless, Faultless, Stainless. We
speak of a thing as blameless when it is free from
blame, or the just imputation of fault; as, a
blameless life or character. The others are stronger.
We speak of a thing as faultless,
stainless, or spotless, only when we mean
that it is absolutely without fault or blemish; as, a
spotless or stainless reputation; a
faultless course of conduct. The last three words
apply only to the general character, while blameless
may be used in reverence to particular points; as, in this
transaction he was wholly blameless. We also apply
faultless to personal appearance; as, a
faultless figure; which can not be done in respect to
any of the other words.
Blame"less*ly, adv. In a blameless
manner.
Blame"less*ness, n. The quality or state
of being blameless; innocence.
Blam"er (?), n. One who
blames.
Wyclif.
Blame"wor`thy (?), a. Deserving
blame; culpable; reprehensible. --
Blame"wor`thi*ness, n.
Blan"card (?), n. [F., fr.
blanc white.] A kind of linen cloth made in
Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is
woven.
Blanch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blanched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blanching.] [OE. blanchen,
blaunchen, F. blanchir, fr.
blanc white. See Blank, a.]
1. To take the color out of, and make white; to
bleach; as, to blanch linen; age has
blanched his hair.
2. (Gardening) To bleach by excluding
the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up
or tying them together.
3. (Confectionery & Cookery) (a)
To make white by removing the skin of, as by scalding;
as, to blanch almonds. (b)
To whiten, as the surface of meat, by plunging into boiling
water and afterwards into cold, so as to harden the surface and
retain the juices.
4. To give a white luster to (silver, before
stamping, in the process of coining.).
5. To cover (sheet iron) with a coating of
tin.
6. Fig.: To whiten; to give a favorable appearance
to; to whitewash; to palliate.
Blanch over the blackest and most absurd
things.
Tillotson.
Syn. -- To Blanch, Whiten.
To whiten is the generic term, denoting, to render
white; as, to whiten the walls of a room. Usually
(though not of necessity) this is supposed to be done by placing
some white coloring matter in or upon the surface of the object
in question. To blanch is to whiten by the removal of
coloring matter; as, to blanch linen. So the cheek is
blanched by fear, i. e., by the withdrawal of the
blood, which leaves it white.
Blanch (?), v. i. To grow or
become white; as, his cheek blanched with fear; the
rose blanches in the sun.
[Bones] blanching on the grass.
Tennyson.
Blanch, v. t. [See
Blench.] 1. To avoid, as from fear;
to evade; to leave unnoticed. [Obs.]
Ifs and ands to qualify the words of treason, whereby every
man might express his malice and blanch his
danger.
Bacon.
I suppose you will not blanch Paris in your
way.
Reliq. Wot.
2. To cause to turn aside or back; as, to
blanch a deer.
Blanch, v. i. To use evasion.
[Obs.]
Books will speak plain, when counselors blanch.
Bacon.
Blanch, n. (Mining) Ore, not
in masses, but mixed with other minerals.
Blanch"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, blanches or whitens; esp., one who anneals and
cleanses money; also, a chemical preparation for this
purpose.
Blanch"er, n. One who, or that which,
frightens away or turns aside. [Obs.]
And Gynecia, a blancher, which kept the dearest
deer from her.
Sir P. Sidney.
And so even now hath he divers blanchers belonging
to the market, to let and stop the light of the gospel.
Latimer.
Blanch" hold`ing (?). (Scots Law)
A mode of tenure by the payment of a small duty in white
rent (silver) or otherwise.
Blanch*im"e*ter (?), n. [1st
blanch + -meter.] An instrument
for measuring the bleaching power of chloride of lime and potash;
a chlorometer.
Ure.
Blanc*mange" (?), n. [F.
blancmanger, lit. white food; blanc white +
manger to eat.] (Cookery) A
preparation for desserts, etc., made from isinglass, sea moss,
cornstarch, or other gelatinous or starchy substance, with mild,
usually sweetened and flavored, and shaped in a mold.
Blanc*man"ger (?), n. [F. See
Blancmange.] A sort of fricassee with white
sauce, variously made of capon, fish, etc.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bland (?), a. [L.
blandus, of unknown origin.]
1. Mild; soft; gentle; smooth and soothing in
manner; suave; as, a bland temper; bland persuasion;
a bland sycophant. \'bdExhilarating vapor
bland.\'b8
Milton.
2. Having soft and soothing qualities; not drastic
or irritating; not stimulating; as, a bland oil; a
bland diet.
Blan*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. L.
blanditia, blandities, fr.
blandus. See Bland.]
Flattery. [Obs.]
Blan*dil"o*quence (?), n. [L.
blandiloquentia; blandus mild +
loqui to speak.] Mild, flattering
speech.
{ Blan*dil"o*quous (?),
Blan*di*lo"qui*ous (?), } a.
Fair-spoken; flattering.
Blan"dise (?), v. i. [Same word
as Blandish.] To blandish any one.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Blan"dish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blandished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blandishing.] [OE.
blaundisen, F. blandir, fr. L.
blandiri, fr. blandus mild,
flattering.] 1. To flatter with kind words or
affectionate actions; to caress; to cajole.
2. To make agreeable and enticing.
Mustering all her wiles,
With blandished parleys.
Milton.
Blan"dish*er (?), n. One who
uses blandishments.
Blan"dish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
blandissement.] The act of blandishing; a
word or act expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to
win the heart; soft words and artful caresses; cajolery;
allurement.
Cowering low with blandishment.
Milton.
Attacked by royal smiles, by female
blandishments.
Macaulay.
Bland"ly (?), adv. In a bland
manner; mildly; suavely.
Bland"ness, n. The state or quality of
being bland.
Blank (?), a. [OE.
blank, blonc, blaunc,
blaunche, fr. F. blanc, fem.
blanche, fr. OHG. blanch shining, bright,
white, G. blank; akin to E. blink, cf. also
AS. blanc white. /98. See Blink, and cf.
1st Blanch.]
1. Of a white or pale color; without color.
To the blank moon
Her office they prescribed.
Milton.
2. Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an
empty space to be filled in with some special writing; -- said of
checks, official documents, etc.; as, blank paper; a
blank check; a blank ballot.
3. Utterly confounded or discomfited.
Adam . . . astonied stood, and blank.
Milton.
4. Empty; void; without result; fruitless; as,
a blank space; a blank day.
5. Lacking characteristics which give variety;
as, a blank desert; a blank wall;
destitute of interests, affections, hopes, etc.; as, to live
a blank existence; destitute of sensations; as,
blank unconsciousness.
6. Lacking animation and intelligence, or their
associated characteristics, as expression of face, look, etc.;
expressionless; vacant. \'bdBlank and
horror-stricken faces.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
The blank . . . glance of a half returned
consciousness.
G. Eliot.
7. Absolute; downright; unmixed; as,
blank terror.
Blank bar (Law), a plea put in to
oblige the plaintiff in an action of trespass to assign the
certain place where the trespass was committed; -- called also
common bar. -- Blank
cartridge, a cartridge containing no ball. --
Blank deed. See Deed. --
Blank door, Blank window
(Arch.), a depression in a wall of the size of a
door or window, either for symmetrical effect, or for the more
convenient insertion of a door or window at a future time, should
it be needed. -- Blank indorsement
(Law), an indorsement which omits the name of the
person in whose favor it is made; it is usually made by simply
writing the name of the indorser on the back of the bill. --
Blank line (Print.), a vacant space of
the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a line of
quadrats. -- Blank tire (Mech.), a
tire without a flange. -- Blank tooling. See
Blind tooling, under Blind. --
Blank verse. See under Verse. --
Blank wall, a wall in which there is no opening; a
dead wall.
Blank (?), n. 1. Any
void space; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument;
an interval void of consciousness, action, result, etc; a
void.
I can not write a paper full, I used to do; and yet I will not
forgive a blank of half an inch from you.
Swift.
From this time there ensues a long blank in the
history of French legislation.
Hallam.
I was ill. I can't tell how long -- it was a
blank.
G. Eliot.
2. A lot by which nothing is gained; a ticket in a
lottery on which no prize is indicated.
In Fortune's lottery lies
A heap of blanks, like this, for one small prize.
Dryden.
3. A paper unwritten; a paper without marks or
characters a blank ballot; -- especially, a paper on which are to
be inserted designated items of information, for which spaces are
left vacant; a bland form.
The freemen signified their approbation by an inscribed vote,
and their dissent by a blank.
Palfrey.
4. A paper containing the substance of a legal
instrument, as a deed, release, writ, or execution, with spaces
left to be filled with names, date, descriptions, etc.
5. The point aimed at in a target, marked with a
white spot; hence, the object to which anything is
directed.
Let me still remain
The true blank of thine eye.
Shak.
6. Aim; shot; range. [Obs.]
I have stood . . . within the blank of his
displeasure
For my free speech.
Shak.
7. A kind of base silver money, first coined in
England by Henry V., and worth about 8 pence; also, a French coin
of the seventeenth century, worth about 4 pence.
Nares.
8. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to
be made into something by a further operation, as a coin, screw,
nuts.
9. (Dominoes) A piece or division of a
piece, without spots; as, the \'bddouble blank\'b8;
the \'bdsix blank.\'b8
In blank, with an essential portion to be
supplied by another; as, to make out a check in
blank.
Blank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blanked (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blanking.] [Cf. 3d
Blanch.] 1. To make void; to
annul. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To blanch; to make blank; to damp the spirits
of; to dispirit or confuse. [Obs.]
Each opposite that blanks the face of joy.
Shak.
Blan"ket (?), n. [F.
blanchet, OF. also blanket, a woolen
waistcoat or shirt, the blanket of a printing press; prop. white
woolen stuff, dim. of blanc white;
blanquette a kind of white pear, fr. blanc
white. See Blank, a.] 1.
A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually of wool, and having a
nap, used in bed clothing; also, a similar fabric used as a robe;
or any fabric used as a cover for a horse.
2. (Print.) A piece of rubber, felt, or
woolen cloth, used in the tympan to make it soft and
elastic.
3. A streak or layer of blubber in whales.
Nares.
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark
To cry, \'bdHold, hold!\'b8
Shak.
Blanket sheet, a newspaper of folio size.
-- A wet blanket, anything which damps, chills,
dispirits, or discour/ges.
Blan"ket, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blanketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blanketing.] 1. To cover with
a blanket.
I'll . . . blanket my loins.
Shak.
2. To toss in a blanket by way of punishment.
We'll have our men blanket 'em i' the hall.
B. Jonson.
3. To take the wind out of the sails of (another
vessel) by sailing to windward of her.
Blanket cattle. See Belted cattle,
under Belted.
Blan"ket*ing, n. 1. Cloth for
blankets.
2. The act or punishment of tossing in a
blanket.
That affair of the blanketing happened to thee for
the fault thou wast guilty of.
Smollett.
Blank"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a blank manner; without expression; vacuously; as, to
stare blankly.
G. Eliot.
2. Directly; flatly; point blank.
De Quincey.
Blank"ness, n. The state of being
blank.
\'d8Blan*quette" (?), n. [F.
blanquette, from blanc white.]
(Cookery) A white fricassee.
\'d8Blan*quil"lo (?), n. [Sp.
blanquillo whitish.] (Zo\'94l.)
A large fish of Florida and the W. Indies (Caulolatilus
chrysops). It is red, marked with yellow.
Blare (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blared (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Blaring.]
[OE. blaren, bloren, to cry, woop; cf.
G. pl\'84rren to bleat, D. blaren to bleat,
cry, weep. Prob. an imitative word, but cf. also E.
blast. Cf. Blore.] To sound loudly
and somewhat harshly. \'bdThe trumpet
blared.\'b8
Tennyson.
Blare, v. t. To cause to sound like the
blare of a trumpet; to proclaim loudly.
To blare its own interpretation.
Tennyson.
Blare, n. The harsh noise of a trumpet;
a loud and somewhat harsh noise, like the blast of a trumpet; a
roar or bellowing.
With blare of bugle, clamor of men.
Tennyson.
His ears are stunned with the thunder's blare.
J. R. Drake.
Blar"ney (?), n.
[Blarney, a village and castle near Cork.]
Smooth, wheedling talk; flattery.
[Colloq.]
Blarney stone, a stone in Blarney castle,
Ireland, said to make those who kiss it proficient in the use of
blarney.
Blar"ney, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blarneyed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blarneying.] To influence by
blarney; to wheedle with smooth talk; to make or accomplish by
blarney. \'bdBlarneyed the landlord.\'b8
Irving.
Had blarneyed his way from Long Island.
S. G. Goodrich.
\'d8Bla*s\'82" (?), a. [F., p.
p. of blaser.] Having the sensibilities
deadened by excess or frequency of enjoyment; sated or surfeited
with pleasure; used up.
<-- p. 153 -->
Blas*pheme" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blasphemed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blaspheming.] [OE.
blasfem/n, L. blasphemare, fr. Gr.
/: cf. F. blasph\'82mer. See
Blame, v.] 1. To speak
of, or address, with impious irreverence; to revile impiously
(anything sacred); as, to blaspheme the Holy
Spirit.
So Dagon shall be magnified, and God,
Besides whom is no god, compared with idols,
Disglorified, blasphemed, and had in scorn.
Milton.
How long, O Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and
avenge thyself on all those who thus continually
blaspheme thy great and all-glorious name?
Dr. W. Beveridge.
2. Figuratively, of persons and things not
religiously sacred, but held in high honor: To calumniate; to
revile; to abuse.
You do blaspheme the good in mocking me.
Shak.
Those who from our labors heap their board,
Blaspheme their feeder and forget their lord.
Pope.
Blas*pheme", v. i. To utter
blasphemy.
He that shall blaspheme against the Holy Ghost hath
never forgiveness.
Mark iii. 29.
Blas*phem"er (?), n. One who
blasphemes.
And each blasphemer quite escape the rod,
Because the insult's not on man, but God ?
Pope.
Blas"phe*mous (?), a. [L.
blasphemus, Gr. /.] Speaking
or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously
irreverent; profane; as, a blasphemous person;
containing blasphemy; as, a blasphemous book; a
blasphemous caricature.
\'bdBlasphemous publications.\'b8
Porteus.
Nor from the Holy One of Heaven
Refrained his tongue blasphemous.
Milton.
Blas"phe*mous*ly, adv. In a blasphemous
manner.
Blas"phe*my (?), n. [L.
blasphemia, Gr. /: cf. OF.
blasphemie.] 1. An indignity
offered to God in words, writing, or signs; impiously irreverent
words or signs addressed to, or used in reference to, God;
speaking evil of God; also, the act of claiming the attributes or
prerogatives of deity.
blasphemy is the use of irreverent words or signs in
reference to the Supreme Being in such a way as to produce
scandal or provoke violence.
2. Figuratively, of things held in high honor:
Calumny; abuse; vilification.
Punished for his blasphemy against learning.
Bacon.
-blast (?). [Gr. / sprout,
shoot.] A suffix or terminal formative, used
principally in biological terms, and signifying
growth, formation; as,
bioblast, epiblast, mesoblast,
etc.
Blast (?), n. [AS.
bl/st a puff of wind, a blowing; akin to Icel.
bl\'bestr, OHG. bl\'best, and fr. a verb
akin to Icel. bl\'besa to blow, OHG.
bl\'83san, Goth. bl/san (in comp.); all
prob. from the same root as E. blow. See Blow
to eject air.] 1. A violent gust of
wind.
And see where surly Winter passes off,
Far to the north, and calls his ruffian blasts;
His blasts obey, and quit the howling hill.
Thomson.
2. A forcible stream of air from an orifice, as
from a bellows, the mouth, etc. Hence: The continuous blowing to
which one charge of ore or metal is subjected in a furnace;
as, to melt so many tons of iron at a
blast.
hot blast and cold
blast are employed to designate whether the current is
heated or not heated before entering the furnace. A blast furnace
is said to be in blast while it is in operation, and
out of blast when not in use.
3. The exhaust steam from and engine, driving a
column of air out of a boiler chimney, and thus creating an
intense draught through the fire; also, any draught produced by
the blast.
4. The sound made by blowing a wind instrument;
strictly, the sound produces at one breath.
One blast upon his bugle horn
Were worth a thousand men.
Sir W. Scott.
The blast of triumph o'er thy grave.
Bryant.
5. A sudden, pernicious effect, as if by a noxious
wind, especially on animals and plants; a blight.
By the blast of God they perish.
Job iv. 9.
Virtue preserved from fell destruction's blast.
Shak.
6. The act of rending, or attempting to rend, heavy
masses of rock, earth, etc., by the explosion of gunpowder,
dynamite, etc.; also, the charge used for this purpose.
\'bdLarge blasts are often used.\'b8
Tomlinson.
7. A flatulent disease of sheep.
Blast furnace, a furnace, usually a shaft
furnace for smelting ores, into which air is forced by
pressure. -- Blast hole, a hole in the bottom
of a pump stock through which water enters. -- Blast
nozzle, a fixed or variable orifice in the delivery end
of a blast pipe; -- called also blast
orifice. -- In full blast, in
complete operation; in a state of great activity. See
Blast, n., 2.
[Colloq.]
Blast, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blasting.] 1. To injure, as by
a noxious wind; to cause to wither; to stop or check the growth
of, and prevent from fruit-bearing, by some pernicious influence;
to blight; to shrivel.
Seven thin ears, and blasted with the east
wind.
Gen. xii. 6.
2. Hence, to affect with some sudden violence,
plague, calamity, or blighting influence, which destroys or
causes to fail; to visit with a curse; to curse; to ruin; as,
to blast pride, hopes, or character.
I'll cross it, though it blast me.
Shak.
Blasted with excess of light.
T. Gray.
3. To confound by a loud blast or din.
Trumpeters,
With brazen din blast you the city's ear.
Shak.
4. To rend open by any explosive agent, as
gunpowder, dynamite, etc.; to shatter; as, to blast
rocks.
Blast, v. i. 1. To be blighted
or withered; as, the bud blasted in the
blossom.
2. To blow; to blow on a trumpet.
[Obs.]
Toke his blake trumpe faste
And gan to puffen and to blaste.
Chaucer.
Blast"ed (?), a. 1.
Blighted; withered.
Upon this blasted heath. Shak.
2. Confounded; accursed; detestable.
Some of her own blasted gypsies.
Sir W. Scott.
3. Rent open by an explosive.
The blasted quarry thunders, heard remote.
Wordsworth.
\'d8Blas*te"ma (?), n.; pl.
Blastemata (#). [Gr.
/ bud, sprout.] (Biol.) The
structureless, protoplasmic tissue of the embryo; the primitive
basis of an organ yet unformed, from which it grows.
Blas*te"mal (?), a.
(Biol.) Relating to the blastema;
rudimentary.
Blas`te*mat"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Connected with, or proceeding from, the
blastema; blastemal.
Blast"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, blasts or destroys.
Blas"tide (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout, fr. / to grow.]
(Biol.) A small, clear space in the segments of
the ovum, the precursor of the nucleus.
Blast"ing (?), n. 1. A
blast; destruction by a blast, or by some pernicious cause.
I have smitten you with blasting and mildew.
Amos iv. 9.
2. The act or process of one who, or that which,
blasts; the business of one who blasts.
Blast"ment (?), n. A sudden
stroke or injury produced by some destructive cause.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Blas`to*car"pous (?), a. [Gr.
/ sprout, germ + / fruit.]
(Bot.) Germinating inside the pericarp, as the
mangrove.
Brande & C.
Blas"to*c/le (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + / hollow.]
(Biol.) The cavity of the blastosphere, or
segmentation cavity.
Blas"to*cyst (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + E. cyst.]
(Biol.) The germinal vesicle.
Blas"to*derm (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + E. derm.]
(Biol.) The germinal membrane in an ovum, from
which the embryo is developed.
{ Blas`to*der*mat"ic (?),
Blas`to*der"mic (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the blastoderm.
Blas`to*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + E. genesis.]
(Biol.) Multiplication or increase by gemmation
or budding.
Blas"toid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Blastoidea.
\'d8Blas*toid"e*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / sprout +
-oid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
divisions of Crinoidea found fossil in paleozoic rocks;
pentremites. They are so named on account of their budlike
form.
Blas"to*mere (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + -mere.]
(Biol.) One of the segments first formed by the
division of the ovum.
Balfour.
{ Blas`toph"o*ral (?),
Blas`to*phor"ic (?), } a.
Relating to the blastophore.
Blas"to*phore (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + / to bear.]
(Biol.) That portion of the spermatospore which
is not converted into spermatoblasts, but carries them.
Blas"to*pore (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + E. pore.]
(Biol.) The pore or opening leading into the
cavity of invagination, or archenteron. [See
Illust. of Invagination.]
Balfour.
Blas"to*sphere (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout + E. sphere.]
(Biol.) The hollow globe or sphere formed by the
arrangement of the blastomeres on the periphery of an impregnated
ovum. [See Illust. of
Invagination.]
Blas"to*style (?), n. [Gr.
/ sprout, bud + / a pillar.]
(Zo\'94l.) In certain hydroids, an imperfect
zooid, whose special function is to produce medusoid buds. See
Hydroidea, and Athecata.
Blast" pipe` (?). The exhaust pipe of a
steam engine, or any pipe delivering steam or air, when so
constructed as to cause a blast.
\'d8Blas"tu*la (?), n. [NL.,
dim. of Gr. / a sprout.] (Biol.)
That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer
cells of the morula become more defined and form the
blastoderm.
Blas"tule (?), n. (Biol.)
Same as Blastula.
Blast"y (?), a. 1.
Affected by blasts; gusty.
2. Causing blast or injury.
[Obs.]
Boyle.
Blat (?), v. i. To cry, as a
calf or sheep; to bleat; to make a senseless noise; to talk
inconsiderately. [Low]
Blat, v. t. To utter
inconsiderately. [Low]
If I have anything on my mind, I have to blat it
right out.
W. D. Howells.
Bla"tan*cy (?), n. Blatant
quality.
Bla"tant (?), a. [Cf.
Bleat.] Bellowing, as a calf; bawling;
brawling; clamoring; disagreeably clamorous; sounding loudly and
harshly. \'bdHarsh and blatant tone.\'b8
R. H. Dana.
A monster, which the blatant beast men call.
Spenser.
Glory, that blatant word, which haunts some
military minds like the bray of the trumpet.
W. Irving.
Bla"tant*ly, adv. In a blatant
manner.
Blath"er*skite (?), n. A
blustering, talkative fellow. [Local slang, U.
S.]
Barllett.
Blat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blattered
(#).] [L. blaterare to
babble: cf. F. blat\'82rer to bleat.] To
prate; to babble; to rail; to make a senseless noise; to
patter. [Archaic] \'bdThe rain
blattered.\'b8
Jeffrey.
They procured . . . preachers to blatter against
me, . . . so that they had place and time to belie me
shamefully.
Latimer.
Blat`ter*a"tion (?), n. [L.
blateratio a babbling.] Blattering.
Blat"ter*er (?), n. One who
blatters; a babbler; a noisy, blustering boaster.
Blat"ter*ing, n. Senseless babble or
boasting.
Blat`ter*oon" (?), n. [L.
blatero, -onis.] A senseless
babbler or boaster. [Obs.] \'bdI hate such
blatteroons.\'b8
Howell.
\'d8Blau"bok (?), n. [D.
blauwbok.] (Zo\'94l.) The blue
buck. See Blue buck, under Blue.
Blay (?), n. [AS.
bl/ge, fr. bl/c, bleak, white; akin to
Icel. bleikja, OHG. bleicha, G.
bleihe. See Bleak, n. &
a.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish. See
Bleak, n.
Blaze (bl, n. [OE.
blase, AS. bl\'91se, blase; akin
to OHG. blass whitish, G. blass pale, MHG.
blas torch, Icel. blys torch; perh. fr. the
same root as E. blast. Cf. Blast,
Blush, Blink.] 1. A stream
of gas or vapor emitting light and heat in the process of
combustion; a bright flame. \'bdTo heaven the
blaze uprolled.\'b8
Croly.
2. Intense, direct light accompanied with heat;
as, to seek shelter from the blaze of the
sun.
O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon!
Milton.
3. A bursting out, or active display of any
quality; an outburst; a brilliant display. \'bdFierce
blaze of riot.\'b8 \'bdHis blaze of
wrath.\'b8
Shak.
For what is glory but the blaze of fame?
Milton.
4. [Cf. D. bles; akin to E.
blaze light.] A white spot on the
forehead of a horse.
5. A spot made on trees by chipping off a piece of
the bark, usually as a surveyor's mark.
Three blazes in a perpendicular line on the same
tree indicating a legislative road, the single blaze a settlement
or neighborhood road.
Carlton.
In a blaze, on fire; burning with a flame;
filled with, giving, or reflecting light; excited or
exasperated. -- Like blazes, furiously;
rapidly. [Low] \'bdThe horses did along like
blazes tear.\'b8
Poem in Essex dialect.
low language in the U. S.,
blazes is frequently used of something extreme or
excessive, especially of something very bad; as, blue as
blazes.
Neal.
Syn. -- Blaze, Flame. A
blaze and a flame are both produced by
burning gas. In blaze the idea of light rapidly
evolved is prominent, with or without heat; as, the
blaze of the sun or of a meteor. Flame
includes a stronger notion of heat; as, he perished in the
flames.
Blaze, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Blazed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blazing.] 1. To shine with
flame; to glow with flame; as, the fire
blazes.
2. To send forth or reflect glowing or brilliant
light; to show a blaze.
And far and wide the icy summit blazed.
Wordsworth.
3. To be resplendent.
Macaulay.
To blaze away, to discharge a firearm, or to
continue firing; -- said esp. of a number of persons, as a line
of soldiers. Also used (fig.) of speech or action.
[Colloq.]
Blaze, v. t. 1. To mark (a
tree) by chipping off a piece of the bark.
I found my way by the blazed trees.
Hoffman.
2. To designate by blazing; to mark out, as by
blazed trees; as, to blaze a line or
path.
Champollion died in 1832, having done little more than
blaze out the road to be traveled by others.
Nott.
Blaze, v. t. [OE. blasen to
blow; perh. confused with blast and blaze a
flame, OE. blase. Cf. Blaze, v.
i., and see Blast.] 1. To make
public far and wide; to make known; to render conspicuous.
On charitable lists he blazed his name.
Pollok.
To blaze those virtues which the good would
hide.
Pope.
2. (Her.) To blazon.
[Obs.]
Peacham.
Blaz"er (?), n. One who spreads
reports or blazes matters abroad. \'bdBlazers of
crime.\'b8
Spenser.
Blaz"ing, a. Burning with a blaze;
as, a blazing fire; blazing
torches.
Sir W. Scott.
Blazing star. (a) A comet.
[Obs.] (b) A brilliant center of
attraction. (c) (Bot.) A name given to
several plants; as, to Cham\'91lirium luteum of the
Lily family; Liatris squarrosa; and Aletris
farinosa, called also colicroot and
star grass.
Bla"zon (?), n. [OE.
blason, blasoun, shield, fr. F.
blason coat of arms, OF. shield, from the root of AS.
bl\'91se blaze, i. e., luster,
splendor, MHG. blas torch See Blaze,
n.] 1. A shield.
[Obs.]
2. An heraldic shield; a coat of arms, or a bearing
on a coat of arms; armorial bearings.
Their blazon o'er his towers displayed.
Sir W. Scott.
3. The art or act of describing or depicting
heraldic bearings in the proper language or manner.
Peacham.
4. Ostentatious display, either by words or other
means; publication; show; description; record.
Obtrude the blazon of their exploits upon the
company.
Collier.
Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit,
Do give thee fivefold blazon.
Shak.
Bla"zon, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blazoned (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blazoning (#).] [From
blazon, n.; confused with 4th blaze: cf. F.
blasonner.] 1. To depict in
colors; to display; to exhibit conspicuously; to publish or make
public far and wide.
Thyself thou blazon'st.
Shak.
There pride sits blazoned on th' unmeaning
brow.
Trumbull.
To blazon his own worthless name.
Cowper.
2. To deck; to embellish; to adorn.
She blazons in dread smiles her hideous form.
Garth.
3. (Her.) To describe in proper terms
(the figures of heraldic devices); also, to delineate (armorial
bearings); to emblazon.
The coat of , arms, which I am not herald enough to
blazon into English.
Addison.
Bla"zon, v. i. To shine; to be
conspicuous. [R.]
Bla"zon*er (?), n. One who
gives publicity, proclaims, or blazons; esp., one who blazons
coats of arms; a herald.
Burke.
<-- p. 154 -->
Bla"zon*ment (?), n. The act or
blazoning; blazoning; emblazonment.
Bla"zon*ry, n. 1. Same as
Blazon, 3.
The principles of blazonry.
Peacham.
2. A coat of arms; an armorial bearing or
bearings.
The blazonry of Argyle.
Lord Dufferin.
3. Artistic representation or display.
Blea (?), n. The part of a tree
which lies immediately under the bark; the alburnum or
sapwood.
Blea"ber*ry (?), n.
(Bot.) See Blaeberry.
Bleach (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bleached
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bleaching.] [OE. blakien,
blechen, v. t. & v. i., AS. bl\'becian,
bl/can, to grow pale; akin to Icel.
bleikja, Sw. bleka, Dan. blege,
D. bleeken, G. bleichen, AS.
bl\'bec pale. See Bleak, a.]
To make white, or whiter; to remove the color, or stains,
from; to blanch; to whiten.
The destruction of the coloring matters attached to the bodies
to be bleached is effected either by the action of the
air and light, of chlorine, or of sulphurous acid.
Ure.
Immortal liberty, whose look sublime
Hath bleached the tyrant's cheek in every varying
clime.
Smollett.
Bleach, v. i. To grow white or lose
color; to whiten.
Bleached (?), a. Whitened; make
white.
Let their bleached bones, and blood's unbleaching
stain,
Long mark the battlefield with hideous awe.
Byron.
Bleach"er (?), n. One who
whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten, by bleaching.
Bleach"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Bleacheries (/). A place or an
establishment where bleaching is done.
Bleach"ing, n. The act or process of
whitening, by removing color or stains; esp. the process of
whitening fabrics by chemical agents.
Ure.
Bleaching powder, a powder for bleaching,
consisting of chloride of lime, or some other chemical or
chemicals.
Bleak (?), a. [OE.
blac, bleyke, bleche, AS.
bl\'bec, bl/c, pale, wan; akin to Icel.
bleikr, Sw. blek, Dan. bleg, OS.
bl/k, D. bleek, OHG. pleih, G.
bleich; all from the root of AS. bl\'c6can
to shine; akin to OHG. bl\'c6chen to shine; cf. L.
flagrare to burn, Gr. / to burn, shine,
Skr. bhr\'bej to shine, and E. flame.
/98. Cf. Bleach, Blink,
Flame.] 1. Without color; pale;
pallid. [Obs.]
When she came out she looked as pale and as bleak
as one that were laid out dead.
Foxe.
2. Desolate and exposed; swept by cold winds.
Wastes too bleak to rear
The common growth of earth, the foodful ear.
Wordsworth.
At daybreak, on the bleak sea beach.
Longfellow.
3. Cold and cutting; cheerless; as, a
bleak blast.
-- Bleak"ish, a. --
Bleak"ly, adv. -- Bleak"ness,
n.
Bleak, n. [From Bleak,
a., cf. Blay.] (Zo\'94l.)
A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus),
of the family Cyprinid\'91; the blay. [Written also
blick.]
bleak is used in the manufacture of artificial
pearls.
Baird.
Bleak"y (?), a. Bleak.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Blear (?), a. [See
Blear, v.] 1. Dim or sore
with water or rheum; -- said of the eyes.
His blear eyes ran in gutters to his chin.
Dryden.
2. Causing or caused by dimness of sight;
dim.
Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion.
Milton.
Blear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bleared (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blearing.] [OE.
bleren; cf. Dan. plire to blink, Sw.
plira to twinkle, wink, LG. plieren; perh.
from the same root as E. blink. See Blink,
and cf. Blur.] To make somewhat sore or
watery, as the eyes; to dim, or blur, as the sight. Figuratively:
To obscure (mental or moral perception); to blind; to
hoodwink.
That tickling rheums
Should ever tease the lungs and blear the sight.
Cowper.
To blear the eye of, to deceive; to impose
upon. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bleared (?), a. Dimmed, as by a
watery humor; affected with rheum. --
Blear"ed*ness (/),
n.
Dardanian wives,
With bleared visages, come forth to view
The issue of the exploit.
Shak.
Blear"eye` (?), n. (Med.)
A disease of the eyelids, consisting in chronic inflammation
of the margins, with a gummy secretion of sebaceous matter.
Dunglison.
Blear"-eyed` (?), a. 1.
Having sore eyes; having the eyes dim with rheum;
dim-sighted.
The blear-eyed Crispin.
Drant.
2. Lacking in perception or penetration;
short-sighted; as, a blear-eyed bigot.
Blear"eyed`ness, n. The state of being
blear-eyed.
Blear"y (?), a. Somewhat
blear.
Bleat (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bleated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bleating.] [OE.
bleten, AS. bl/tan; akin to D.
blaten, bleeten, OHG. bl\'bezan,
pl\'bezan; prob. of imitative origin.] To
make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a
sheep or calf.
Then suddenly was heard along the main,
To low the ox, to bleat the woolly train.
Pope
The ewe that will not hear her lamb when it baas, will never
answer a calf when he bleats.
Shak.
Bleat, n. A plaintive cry of, or like
that of, a sheep.
The bleat of fleecy sheep.
Chapman's Homer.
Bleat"er (?), n. One who
bleats; a sheep.
In cold, stiff soils the bleaters oft complain
Of gouty ails.
Dyer.
Bleat"ing, a. Crying as a sheep
does.
Then came the shepherd back with his bleating
flocks from the seaside.
Longfellow.
Bleat"ing, n. The cry of, or as of, a
sheep.
Chapman.
Bleb (?), n. [Prov. E.
bleb, bleib, blob, bubble,
blister. This word belongs to the root of blub,
blubber, blabber, and perh. blow
to puff.] A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing
a serous fluid; a blister; a bubble, as in water, glass,
etc.
Arsenic abounds with air blebs.
Kirwan.
Bleb"by (?), a. Containing
blebs, or characterized by blebs; as, blebby
glass.
{ Bleck, Blek } (?),
v. t. To blacken; also, to defile.
[Obs. or Dial.]
Wyclif.
Bled (?), imp. & p. p. of
Bleed.
Blee (?), n. [AS.
ble\'a2, ble\'a2h.] Complexion;
color; hue; likeness; form. [Archaic]
For him which is so bright of blee.
Lament. of Mary Magd.
That boy has a strong blee of his father.
Forby.
Bleed (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bleeding.]
[OE. bleden, AS. bl/dan, fr.
bl/d blood; akin to Sw. bl\'94da, Dan.
bl\'94de, D. bloeden, G. bluten.
See Blood.] 1. To emit blood; to
lose blood; to run with blood, by whatever means; as, the arm
bleeds; the wound bled freely; to
bleed at the nose.
2. To withdraw blood from the body; to let blood;
as, Dr. A. bleeds in fevers.
3. To lose or shed one's blood, as in case of a
violent death or severe wounds; to die by violence.
\'bdC\'91sar must bleed.\'b8
Shak.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day.
Pope.
4. To issue forth, or drop, as blood from an
incision.
For me the balm shall bleed.
Pope.
5. To lose sap, gum, or juice; as, a tree or a
vine bleeds when tapped or wounded.
6. To pay or lose money; to have money drawn or
extorted; as, to bleed freely for a
cause. [Colloq.]
To make the heart bleed, to cause extreme
pain, as from sympathy or pity.
Bleed, v. t. 1. To let blood
from; to take or draw blood from, as by opening a vein.
2. To lose, as blood; to emit or let drop, as
sap.
A decaying pine of stately size, bleeding
amber.
H. Miller.
3. To draw money from (one); to induce to pay;
as, they bled him freely for this fund.
[Colloq.]
Bleed"er (?), n. (Med.)
(a) One who, or that which, draws blood.
(b) One in whom slight wounds give rise to profuse
or uncontrollable bleeding.
<-- hemophiliac. -->
Bleed"ing, a. Emitting, or appearing to
emit, blood or sap, etc.; also, expressing anguish or
compassion.
Bleed"ing, n. A running or issuing of
blood, as from the nose or a wound; a hemorrhage; the operation
of letting blood, as in surgery; a drawing or running of sap from
a tree or plant.
Blem"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blemished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blemishing.] [OE. blemissen,
blemishen, OF. blemir, blesmir,
to strike, injure, soil, F. bl\'88mir to grow pale,
fr. OF. bleme, blesme, pale, wan, F.
bl\'88me, prob. fr. Icel bl\'beman the
livid color of a wound, fr. bl\'ber blue; akin to E.
blue. OF. blemir properly signifies to beat
one (black and) blue, and to render blue or dirty. See
Blue.] 1. To mark with deformity; to
injure or impair, as anything which is well formed, or excellent;
to mar, or make defective, either the body or mind.
Sin is a soil which blemisheth the beauty of thy
soul.
Brathwait.
2. To tarnish, as reputation or character; to
defame.
There had nothing passed between us that might
blemish reputation.
Oldys.
Blem"ish, n.; pl. Blemishes
(/). Any mark of deformity or injury,
whether physical or moral; anything; that diminishes beauty, or
renders imperfect that which is otherwise well formed; that which
impairs reputation.
He shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one
ewe lamb of the first year without blemish.
Lev. xiv. 10.
The reliefs of an envious man are those little
blemishes and imperfections that discover themselves
in an illustrious character.
Spectator.
Syn. -- Spot; speck; flaw; deformity; stain; defect; fault;
taint; reproach; dishonor; imputation; disgrace.
Blem"ish*less, a. Without blemish;
spotless.
A life in all so blemishless.
Feltham.
Blem"ish*ment (?), n. The state
of being blemished; blemish; disgrace; damage; impairment.
For dread of blame and honor's blemishment.
Spenser.
Blench (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blenched
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blenching.] [OE. blenchen to
blench, elude, deceive, AS. blencan to deceive; akin
to Icel. blekkja to impose upon. Prop. a causative of
blink to make to wink, to deceive. See Blink,
and cf. 3d Blanch.] 1. To shrink; to
start back; to draw back, from lack of courage or resolution; to
flinch; to quail.
Blench not at thy chosen lot.
Bryant.
This painful, heroic task he undertook, and never
blenched from its fulfillment.
Jeffrey.
2. To fly off; to turn aside.
[Obs.]
Though sometimes you do blench from this to
that.
Shak.
Blench, v. t. 1. To baffle; to
disconcert; to turn away; -- also, to obstruct; to hinder.
[Obs.]
Ye should have somewhat blenched him therewith, yet
he might and would of likelihood have gone further.
Sir T. More.
2. To draw back from; to deny from fear.
[Obs.]
He now blenched what before he affirmed.
Evelyn.
Blench, n. A looking aside or
askance. [Obs.]
These blenches gave my heart another youth.
Shak.
Blench, v. i. & t. [See 1st
Blanch.] To grow or make pale.
Barbour.
Blench"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, scares another; specifically, a
person stationed to prevent the escape of the deer, at a hunt.
See Blancher. [Obs.]
2. One who blenches, flinches, or shrinks
back.
Blench" hold`ing. (Law) See Blanch
holding.
Blend (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blended or
Blent (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blending.] [OE. blenden,
blanden, AS. blandan to blend, mix; akin to
Goth. blandan to mix, Icel. blanda, Sw.
blanda, Dan. blande, OHG.
blantan to mis; to unknown origin.] 1.
To mix or mingle together; esp. to mingle, combine, or
associate so that the separate things mixed, or the line of
demarcation, can not be distinguished. Hence: To confuse; to
confound.
Blending the grand, the beautiful, the gay.
Percival.
2. To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil
or corrupt; to blot; to stain. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Syn. -- To commingle; combine; fuse; merge; amalgamate;
harmonize.
Blend (?), v. i. To mingle; to
mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each
other, as colors.
There is a tone of solemn and sacred feeling that
blends with our conviviality.
Irving.
Blend, n. A thorough mixture of one
thing with another, as color, tint, etc., into another, so that
it cannot be known where one ends or the other begins.
Blend, v. t. [AS. blendan,
from blind blind. See Blind,
a.] To make blind, literally or
figuratively; to dazzle; to deceive. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Blende (?), n. [G., fr.
blenden to blind, dazzle, deceive, fr.
blind blind. So called either in allusion to its
dazzling luster; or (Dana) because, though often
resembling galena, it yields no lead. Cf.
Sphalerite.] (Min.) (a) A
mineral, called also sphalerite, and by miners
mock lead, false galena,
and black-jack. It is a zinc sulphide, but
often contains some iron. Its color is usually yellow, brown, or
black, and its luster resinous. (b) A general
term for some minerals, chiefly metallic sulphides which have a
somewhat brilliant but nonmetallic luster.
Blend"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, blends; an instrument, as a brush, used in
blending.
Blend"ing, n. 1. The act of
mingling.
2. (Paint.) The method of laying on
different tints so that they may mingle together while wet, and
shade into each other insensibly.
Weale.
Blend"ous (?), a. Pertaining
to, consisting of, or containing, blende.
Blend"wa`ter (?), n. A
distemper incident to cattle, in which their livers are
affected.
Crabb.
Blen"heim span"iel (?). [So called from
Blenheim House, the seat of the duke of Marlborough,
in England.] A small variety of spaniel, kept as a
pet.
Blenk, v. i. To blink; to shine; to
look. [Obs.]
{ Blen"ni*oid (?), Blen"ni*id
(?), } a. [Blenny +
-oid] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining
to, or resembling, the blennies.
Blen*nog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr.
/ mucus + -genous.] Generating
mucus.
\'d8Blen`nor*rhe"a (?), n. [Gr.
/ mucus + / to flow.]
(Med.) (a) An inordinate secretion and
discharge of mucus. (b) Gonorrhea.
Dunglison.
Blen"ny (?), n.; pl.
Blennies (#). [L.
blennius, blendius, blendea, Gr.
/, fr. / slime, mucus.]
(Zo\'94l.) A marine fish of the genus
Blennius or family Blenniid\'91; -- so
called from its coating of mucus. The species are numerous.
Blent (?), imp. & p. p. of
Blend to mingle. Mingled; mixed; blended; also,
polluted; stained.
Rider and horse, friend, foe, in one red burial
blent.
Byron.
Blent, imp. & p. p. of Blend to
blind. Blinded. Also (Chaucer), 3d sing.
pres. Blindeth. [Obs.]
\'d8Bles"bok (?), n. [D., fr.
bles a white spot on the forehead + bok
buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African antelope
(Alcelaphus albifrons), having a large white spot on
the forehead.
Bless (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blessed (#)
or Blest; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blessing.] [OE. blessien,
bletsen, AS. bletsian, bledsian,
bloedsian, fr. bl/d blood; prob.
originally to consecrate by sprinkling with blood. See
Blood.] 1. To make or pronounce
holy; to consecrate
And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified
it.
Gen. ii. 3.
2. To make happy, blithesome, or joyous; to confer
prosperity or happiness upon; to grant divine favor to.
The quality of mercy is . . . twice blest;
It blesseth him that gives and him that takes.
Shak.
It hath pleased thee to bless the house of thy
servant, that it may continue forever before thee.
1 Chron. xvii. 27 (R. V. )
3. To express a wish or prayer for the happiness
of; to invoke a blessing upon; -- applied to persons.
Bless them which persecute you.
Rom. xii. 14.
4. To invoke or confer beneficial attributes or
qualities upon; to invoke or confer a blessing on, -- as on
food.
Then he took the five loaves and the two fishes, and looking
up to heaven, he blessed them.
Luke ix. 16.
5. To make the sign of the cross upon; to cross
(one's self). [Archaic]
Holinshed.
6. To guard; to keep; to protect.
[Obs.]
7. To praise, or glorify; to extol for
excellences.
Bless the Lord, O my soul: and all that is within
me, bless his holy name.
Ps. ciii. 1.
8. To esteem or account happy; to felicitate.
The nations shall bless themselves in him.
Jer. iv. 3.
9. To wave; to brandish. [Obs.]
And burning blades about their heads do bless.
Spenser.
Round his armed head his trenchant blade he
blest.
Fairfax.
bless all the
field.\'b8
Ascham.
<-- p. 155 -->
Bless me! Bless us! an
exclamation of surprise. Milton. -- To bless
from, to secure, defend, or preserve from.
\'bdBless me from marrying a usurer.\'b8
Shak.
To bless the doors from nightly
harm.
Milton.
-- To bless with, To be blessed
with, to favor or endow with; to be favored or
endowed with; as, God blesses us with
health; we are blessed with happiness.
Bless"ed (?), a. 1.
Hallowed; consecrated; worthy of blessing or adoration;
heavenly; holy.
O, run; prevent them with thy humble ode,
And lay it lowly at his blessed feet.
Milton.
2. Enjoying happiness or bliss; favored with
blessings; happy; highly favored.
All generations shall call me blessed.
Luke i. 48.
Towards England's blessed shore.
Shak.
3. Imparting happiness or bliss; fraught with
happiness; blissful; joyful. \'bdThen was a
blessed time.\'b8 \'bdSo blessed a
disposition.\'b8
Shak.
4. Enjoying, or pertaining to, spiritual happiness,
or heavenly felicity; as, the blessed in
heaven.
Reverenced like a blessed saint.
Shak.
Cast out from God and blessed vision.
Milton.
5. (R. C. Ch.) Beatified.
6. Used euphemistically, ironically, or
intensively.
Not a blessed man came to set her [a boat]
free.
R. D. Blackmore.
Bless"ed*ly, adv. Happily; fortunately;
joyfully.
We shall blessedly meet again never to depart.
Sir P. Sidney.
Bless"ed*ness, n. The state of being
blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of
God.
The assurance of a future blessedness.
Tillotson.
Single blessedness, the unmarried state.
\'bdGrows, lives, and dies in single
blessedness.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Delight; beatitude; ecstasy. See
Happiness.
Bless"ed this"tle (?). See under
Thistle.
Bless"er (?), n. One who
blesses; one who bestows or invokes a blessing.
Bless"ing, n. [AS. bletsung.
See Bless, v. t.] 1. The
act of one who blesses.
2. A declaration of divine favor, or an invocation
imploring divine favor on some or something; a benediction; a
wish of happiness pronounces.
This is the blessing, where with Moses the man of
God blessed the children of Israel.
Deut. xxxiii. 1.
3. A means of happiness; that which promotes
prosperity and welfare; a beneficent gift.
Nature's full blessings would be well
dispensed.
Milton.
4. (Bib.) A gift. [A
Hebraism]
Gen. xxxiii. 11.
5. Grateful praise or worship.
Blest, a. Blessed. \'bdThis
patriarch blest.\'b8
Milton.
White these blest sounds my ravished ear
assail.
Trumbull.
Blet (?), n. [F.
blet, blette, a., soft from over
ripeness.] A form of decay in fruit which is
overripe.
Ble"ton*ism (?), n. The
supposed faculty of perceiving subterraneous springs and currents
by sensation; -- so called from one Bleton, of
France.
Blet"ting (?), n. A form of
decay seen in fleshy, overripe fruit.
Lindley.
Blew (?), imp. of
Blow.
Bleyme (?), n. [F.
bleime.] (Far.) An inflammation
in the foot of a horse, between the sole and the bone.
[Obs.]
Bleyn"te (?), imp. of
Blench. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Blick"ey (?), n. [D.
blik tin.] A tin dinner pail.
[Local, U. S.]
Bartlett.
Blight (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blighted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Blighting.] [Perh.
contr. from AS. bl\'c6cettan to glitter, fr. the same
root as E. bleak. The meaning \'bdto blight\'b8 comes in that
case from to glitter, hence, to be white or pale, grow pale, make
pale, bleach. Cf. Bleach, Bleak.] 1. To
affect with blight; to blast; to prevent the growth and fertility
of.
[This vapor] blasts vegetables, blights corn and
fruit, and is sometimes injurious even to man.
Woodward.
2. Hence: To destroy the happiness of; to ruin; to
mar essentially; to frustrate; as, to blight one's
prospects.
Seared in heart and lone and blighted.
Byron.
Blight, v. i. To be affected by blight;
to blast; as, this vine never blights.
Blight, n. 1. Mildew; decay;
anything nipping or blasting; -- applied as a general name to
various injuries or diseases of plants, causing the whole or a
part to wither, whether occasioned by insects, fungi, or
atmospheric influences.
2. The act of blighting, or the state of being
blighted; a withering or mildewing, or a stoppage of growth in
the whole or a part of a plant, etc.
3. That which frustrates one's plans or withers
one's hopes; that which impairs or destroys.
A blight seemed to have fallen over our
fortunes.
Disraeli.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A downy species of aphis,
or plant louse, destructive to fruit trees, infesting both the
roots and branches; -- also applied to several other injurious
insects.
5. pl. A rashlike eruption on the
human skin. [U. S.]
Blight"ing, a. Causing blight.
Blight"ing*ly, adv. So as to cause
blight.
{ Blim"bi (?), Blim"bing }
(?), n. See Bilimbi, etc.
Blin (?), v. t. & i. [OE.
blinnen, AS. blinnan; pref. be-
+ linnan to cease.] To stop; to cease; to
desist. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Blin, n. [AS. blinn.]
Cessation; end. [Obs.]
Blind (?), a. [AS.; akin to D.,
G., OS., Sw., & Dan. blind, Icel. blindr,
Goth. blinds; of uncertain origin.] 1.
Destitute of the sense of seeing, either by natural defect
or by deprivation; without sight.
He that is strucken blind can not forget
The precious treasure of his eyesight lost.
Shak.
2. Not having the faculty of discernment; destitute
of intellectual light; unable or unwilling to understand or
judge; as, authors are blind to their own
defects.
But hard be hardened, blind be blinded more,
That they may stumble on, and deeper fall.
Milton.
3. Undiscerning; undiscriminating;
inconsiderate.
This plan is recommended neither to blind
approbation nor to blind reprobation.
Jay.
4. Having such a state or condition as a thing
would have to a person who is blind; not well marked or easily
discernible; hidden; unseen; concealed; as, a blind
path; a blind ditch.
5. Involved; intricate; not easily followed or
traced.
The blind mazes of this tangled wood.
Milton.
6. Having no openings for light or passage; as,
a blind wall; open only at one end; as, a
blind alley; a blind gut.
7. Unintelligible, or not easily intelligible;
as, a blind passage in a book; illegible;
as, blind writing.
8. (Hort.) Abortive; failing to produce
flowers or fruit; as, blind buds; blind
flowers.
Blind alley, an alley closed at one end; a
cul-de-sac. -- Blind axle, an axle
which turns but does not communicate motion.
Knight. -- Blind beetle, one of the
insects apt to fly against people, esp. at night. --
Blind cat (Zo\'94l.), a species of
catfish (Gronias nigrolabris), nearly destitute of
eyes, living in caverns in Pennsylvania. -- Blind
coal, coal that burns without flame; anthracite
coal. Simmonds. -- Blind door,
Blind window, an imitation of a door or
window, without an opening for passage or light. See Blank
door or window, under Blank,
a. -- Blind level (Mining),
a level or drainage gallery which has a vertical shaft at
each end, and acts as an inverted siphon. Knight.
-- Blind nettle (Bot.), dead nettle.
See Dead nettle, under Dead. --
Blind shell (Gunnery), a shell
containing no charge, or one that does not explode. --
Blind side, the side which is most easily
assailed; a weak or unguarded side; the side on which one is
least able or disposed to see danger. Swift. --
Blind snake (Zo\'94l.), a small,
harmless, burrowing snake, of the family
Typhlopid\'91, with rudimentary eyes. --
Blind spot (Anat.), the point in the
retina of the eye where the optic nerve enters, and which is
insensible to light. -- Blind tooling, in
bookbinding and leather work, the indented impression of heated
tools, without gilding; -- called also blank
tooling, and blind blocking. --
Blind wall, a wall without an opening; a blank
wall.
Blind (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blinded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Blinding.] 1.
To make blind; to deprive of sight or discernment.
\'bdTo blind the truth and me.\'b8
Tennyson.
A blind guide is certainly a great mischief; but a guide that
blinds those whom he should lead is . . . a much
greater.
South.
2. To deprive partially of vision; to make vision
difficult for and painful to; to dazzle.
Her beauty all the rest did blind.
P. Fletcher.
3. To darken; to obscure to the eye or
understanding; to conceal; to deceive.
Such darkness blinds the sky.
Dryden.
The state of the controversy between us he endeavored, with
all his art, to blind and confound.
Stillingfleet.
4. To cover with a thin coating of sand and fine
gravel; as a road newly paved, in order that the joints between
the stones may be filled.
Blind (?), n. 1.
Something to hinder sight or keep out light; a screen; a
cover; esp. a hinged screen or shutter for a window; a blinder
for a horse.
2. Something to mislead the eye or the
understanding, or to conceal some covert deed or design; a
subterfuge.
3. [Cf. F. blindes, p/., fr. G.
blende, fr. blenden to blind, fr.
blind blind.] (Mil.) A blindage.
See Blindage.
4. A halting place. [Obs.]
Dryden.
{ Blind, Blinde } (?),
n. See Blende.
Blind"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
blindage.] (Mil.) A cover or
protection for an advanced trench or approach, formed of fascines
and earth supported by a framework.
Blind"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, blinds.
2. (Saddlery) One of the leather screens
on a bridle, to hinder a horse from seeing objects at the side; a
blinker.
Blind"fish` (/), n. A small
fish (Amblyopsis spel\'91us) destitute of eyes, found
in the waters of the Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky. Related fishes
from other caves take the same name.
Blind"fold` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blindfolded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Blindfolding.] [OE.
blindfolden, blindfelden,
blindfellen; AS. blind blind + prob.
fellan, fyllan, to fell, strike
down.] To cover the eyes of, as with a bandage; to
hinder from seeing.
And when they had blindfolded him, they struck him
on the face.
Luke xxii. 64.
Blind"fold`, a. Having the eyes covered;
blinded; having the mental eye darkened. Hence: Heedless;
reckless; as, blindfold zeal; blindfold
fury.
Fate's blindfold reign the atheist loudly owns.
Dryden.
Blind"ing, a. Making blind or as if
blind; depriving of sight or of understanding; obscuring; as,
blinding tears; blinding snow.
Blind"ing, n. A thin coating of sand and
fine gravel over a newly paved road. See Blind, v.
t., 4.
Blind"ly, adv. Without sight,
discernment, or understanding; without thought, investigation,
knowledge, or purpose of one's own.
By his imperious mistress blindly led.
Dryden.
Blind"man's buff" (/). [See
Buff a buffet.] A play in which one person is
blindfolded, and tries to catch some one of the company and tell
who it is.
Surely he fancies I play at blindman's buff with
him, for he thinks I never have my eyes open.
Stillingfleet.
Blind`man's hol"i*day (?). The time
between daylight and candle light. [Humorous]
Blind"ness (?), n. State or
condition of being blind, literally or figuratively.
Darwin.
Color blindness, inability to distinguish
certain color. See Daltonism.
Blind"sto`ry (?), n.
(Arch.) The triforium as opposed to the
clearstory.
Blind"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small, burrowing, snakelike,
limbless lizard (Anguis fragilis), with minute eyes,
popularly believed to be blind; the slowworm; -- formerly a name
for the adder.
Newts and blindworms do no wrong.
Shak.
Blink (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blinked
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blinking.] [OE. blenken;
akin to dan. blinke, Sw. blinka, G.
blinken to shine, glance, wink, twinkle, D. blinken to
shine; and prob. to D. blikken to glance, twinkle, G.
blicken to look, glance, AS. bl\'c6can to
shine, E. bleak. Bleak; cf. 1st
Blench.]
1. To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the
eye.
One eye was blinking, and one leg was lame.
Pope
2. To see with the eyes half shut, or indistinctly
and with frequent winking, as a person with weak eyes.
Show me thy chink, to blink through with mine
eyne.
Shak.
3. To shine, esp. with intermittent light; to
twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.
The dew was falling fast, the stars began to
blink.
Wordsworth.
The sun blinked fair on pool and stream .
Sir W. Scott.
4. To turn slightly sour, as beer, mild, etc.
Blink, v. t. 1. To shut out of
sight; to avoid, or purposely evade; to shirk; as, to blink
the question.
2. To trick; to deceive. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Blink, n. [OE. blink. See
Blink, v. i. ] 1. A
glimpse or glance.
This is the first blink that ever I had of him.
Bp. Hall.
2. Gleam; glimmer; sparkle.
Sir W. Scott.
Not a blink of light was there.
Wordsworth.
3. (Naut.) The dazzling whiteness about
the horizon caused by the reflection of light from fields of ice
at sea; ice blink.
4. pl. [Cf. Blencher.]
(Sporting) Boughs cast where deer are to pass, to
turn or check them. [Prov. Eng.]
Blink"ard (?), n.
[Blind + -ard.] 1.
One who blinks with, or as with, weak eyes.
Among the blind the one-eyed blinkard reigns.
Marvell.
2. That which twinkles or glances, as a dim star,
which appears and disappears.
Hakewill.
Blink" beer` (/) Beer kept unbroached
until it is sharp.
Crabb.
Blink"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, blinks.
2. A blinder for horses; a flap of leather on a
horse's bridle to prevent him from seeing objects as his side
hence, whatever obstructs sight or discernment.
Nor bigots who but one way see,
through blinkers of authority.
M. Green.
3. pl. A kind of goggles, used to
protect the eyes form glare, etc.
Blink"-eyed` (/), a.
Habitually winking.
Marlowe.
Blirt (?), n. (Naut.)
A gust of wind and rain.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Bliss, n.; pl. Blisses
(#). [OE. blis, blisse,
AS. blis, bl\'c6/s, fr.
bl\'c6/e blithe. See Blithe.]
Orig., blithesomeness; gladness; now, the highest degree of
happiness; blessedness; exalted felicity; heavenly joy.
An then at last our bliss
Full and perfect is.
Milton.
Syn. -- Blessedness; felicity; beatitude; happiness; joy;
enjoyment. See Happiness.
Bliss"ful (?), a. Full of,
characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the
highest degree. \'bdBlissful solitude.\'b8
Milton. -- Bliss"ful*ly,
adv. -- Bliss"ful*ness,
n.
Bliss"less, a. Destitute of bliss.
Sir P. Sidney.
Blis"som (?), v. i. [For
blithesome: but cf. also Icel. bl/sma of
a goat at heat.] To be lustful; to be
lascivious. [Obs.]
Blis"som, a. Lascivious; also, in heat;
-- said of ewes.
Blis"ter (?), n. [OE.; akin to
OD. bluyster, fr. the same root as blast,
bladder, blow. See Blow to eject
wind.] 1. A vesicle of the skin, containing
watery matter or serum, whether occasioned by a burn or other
injury, or by a vesicatory; a collection of serous fluid causing
a bladderlike elevation of the cuticle.
And painful blisters swelled my tender hands.
Grainger.
2. Any elevation made by the separation of the film
or skin, as on plants; or by the swelling of the substance at the
surface, as on steel.
3. A vesicatory; a plaster of Spanish flies, or
other matter, applied to raise a blister.
Dunglison.
Blister beetle, a beetle used to raise
blisters, esp. the Lytta (or Cantharis)
vesicatoria, called Cantharis or Spanish
fly by druggists. See Cantharis. --
Blister fly, a blister beetle. --
Blister plaster, a plaster designed to raise a
blister; -- usually made of Spanish flies. -- Blister
steel, crude steel formed from wrought iron by
cementation; -- so called because of its blistered surface.
Called also blistered steel. --
Blood blister. See under Blood.
Blis"ter, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Blistered (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blistering.] To be affected
with a blister or blisters; to have a blister form on.
Let my tongue blister.
Shak.
Blis"ter, v. t. 1. To raise a
blister or blisters upon.
My hands were blistered.
Franklin.
2. To give pain to, or to injure, as if by a
blister.
This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our
tongue.
Shak.
Blis"ter*y (?), a. Full of
blisters.
Hooker.
Blite (?), n. [L.
blitum, Gr. /.] (Bot.)
A genus of herbs (Blitum>) with a fleshy calyx.
Blitum capitatum is the strawberry blite.
<-- p. 156 -->
Blithe (?), a. [AS.
bl\'c6/e blithe, kind; akin to Goth.
blei/s kind, Icel. bl\'c6/r mild,
gentle, Dan. & Sw. blid gentle, D. blijd
blithe, OHG. bl\'c6di kind, blithe.] Gay;
merry; sprightly; joyous; glad; cheerful; as, a
blithe spirit.
The blithe sounds of festal music.
Prescott.
A daughter fair,
So buxom, blithe, and debonair.
Milton.
Blithe"ful (?), a. Gay; full of
gayety; joyous.
Blithe"ly, adv. In a blithe
manner.
Blithe"ness, n. The state of being
blithe.
Chaucer.
Blithe"some (?), a. Cheery;
gay; merry.
The blithesome sounds of wassail gay.
Sir W. Scott.
-- Blithe"some*ly, adv. --
Blithe"some*ness, n.
Blive (?), adv. [A contraction
of Belive.] Quickly; forthwith.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bliz"zard (?), n. [Cf.
Blaze to flash. Formerly, in local use, a rattling
volley; cf. \'bdto blaze away\'b8 to fire away.]
A gale of piercingly cold wind, usually accompanied with
fine and blinding snow; a furious blast. [U.
S.]
Bloat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bloated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bloating.] [Cf. Icel.
blotna to become soft, blautr soft, wet,
Sw. bl\'94t soft, bl\'94ta to soak; akin to
G. bloss bare, and AS. ble\'a0t wretched;
or perh. fr. root of Eng. 5th blow. Cf.
Blote.] 1. To make turgid, as with
water or air; to cause a swelling of the surface of, from
effusion of serum in the cellular tissue, producing a morbid
enlargement, often accompanied with softness.
2. To inflate; to puff up; to make vain.
Dryden.
Bloat, v. i. To grow turgid as by
effusion of liquid in the cellular tissue; to puff out; to
swell.
Arbuthnot.
Bloat, a. Bloated.
[R.]
Shak.
Bloat, n. A term of contempt for a
worthless, dissipated fellow. [Slang]
Bloat, v. t. To dry (herrings) in smoke.
See Blote.
Bloat"ed (?), p. a. Distended
beyond the natural or usual size, as by the presence of water,
serum, etc.; turgid; swollen; as, a bloated
face. Also, puffed up with pride; pompous.
Bloat"ed*ness, n. The state of being
bloated.
Bloat"er (?), n. [See
Bloat, Blote.] The common herring,
esp. when of large size, smoked, and half dried; -- called also
bloat herring.
Blob (?), n. [See
Bleb.] 1. Something blunt and round;
a small drop or lump of something viscid or thick; a drop; a
bubble; a blister.
Wright.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water fish
(Uranidea Richardsoni); the miller's thumb.
Blob"ber (?), n. [See
Blubber, Blub.] A bubble;
blubber. [Low]
T. Carew.
Blobber lip, a thick, protruding
lip.
His blobber lips and beetle brows commend.
Dryden.
Blob"ber-lipped` (?), a. Having
thick lips. \'bdA blobber-lipped shell.\'b8
Grew.
\'d8Blo*cage" (?), n.
[F.] (Arch.) The roughest and cheapest
sort of rubblework, in masonry.
Block (?), n. [OE.
blok; cf. F. bloc (fr. OHG.), D. & Dan.
blok, Sw. & G. block, OHG.
bloch. There is also an OHG. bloch,
biloh; bi by + the same root as that of E.
lock. Cf. Block, v. t.,
Blockade, and see Lock.]
1. A piece of wood more or less bulky; a solid mass
of wood, stone, etc., usually with one or more plane, or
approximately plane, faces; as, a block on which a
butcher chops his meat; a block by which to mount a
horse; children's playing blocks, etc.
Now all our neighbors' chimneys smoke,
And Christmas blocks are burning.
Wither.
All her labor was but as a block
Left in the quarry.
Tennyson.
2. The solid piece of wood on which condemned
persons lay their necks when they are beheaded.
Noble heads which have been brought to the
block.
E. Everett.
3. The wooden mold on which hats, bonnets, etc.,
are shaped. Hence: The pattern on shape of a hat.
He wears his faith but as the fashion of his hat; it ever
changes with the next block.
Shak.
4. A large or long building divided into separate
houses or shops, or a number of houses or shops built in contact
with each other so as to form one building; a row of houses or
shops.
5. A square, or portion of a city inclosed by
streets, whether occupied by buildings or not.
The new city was laid out in rectangular blocks,
each block containing thirty building lots. Such an
average block, comprising 282 houses and covering nine
acres of ground, exists in Oxford Street.
Lond. Quart. Rev.
6. A grooved pulley or sheave incased in a frame or
shell which is provided with a hook, eye, or strap, by which it
may be attached to an object. It is used to change the direction
of motion, as in raising a heavy object that can not be
conveniently reached, and also, when two or more such sheaves are
compounded, to change the rate of motion, or to exert increased
force; -- used especially in the rigging of ships, and in
tackles.
7. (Falconry) The perch on which a bird
of prey is kept.
8. Any obstruction, or cause of obstruction; a
stop; a hindrance; an obstacle; as, a block in the
way.
9. A piece of box or other wood for engravers'
work.
10. (Print.) A piece of hard wood (as
mahogany or cherry) on which a stereotype or electrotype plate is
mounted to make it type high.
11. A blockhead; a stupid fellow; a dolt.
[Obs.]
What a block art thou !
Shak.
12. A section of a railroad where the block system
is used. See Block system, below.
A block of shares (Stock Exchange),
a large number of shares in a stock company, sold in a
lump. Bartlett. -- Block printing.
(a) A mode of printing (common in China and Japan)
from engraved boards by means of a sheet of paper laid on the
linked surface and rubbed with a brush. S. W.
Williams. (b) A method of printing cotton cloth
and paper hangings with colors, by pressing them upon an engraved
surface coated with coloring matter. -- Block
system on railways, a system by which the track is
divided into sections of three or four miles, and trains are so
run by the guidance of electric signals that no train enters a
section or block before the preceding train has left
it.
Block (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blocked
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blocking.] [Cf. F. bloquer,
fr. bloc block. See Block,
n.] 1. To obstruct so as to
prevent passage or progress; to prevent passage from, through, or
into, by obstructing the way; -- used both of persons and things;
-- often followed by up; as, to block up
a road or harbor.
With moles . . . would block the port.
Rowe.
A city . . . besieged and blocked about.
Milton.
2. To secure or support by means of blocks; to
secure, as two boards at their angles of intersection, by pieces
of wood glued to each.
3. To shape on, or stamp with, a block; as, to
block a hat.
To block out, to begin to reduce to shape; to
mark out roughly; to lay out; as, to block out a
plan.
Block*ade" (?), n. [Cf. It.
bloccata. See Block, v. t. ]
1. The shutting up of a place by troops or ships,
with the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the
reception of supplies; as, the blockade of the ports
of an enemy.
Blockade is now usually applied to an
investment with ships or vessels, while siege is used of an
investment by land forces. To constitute a blockade,
the investing power must be able to apply its force to every
point of practicable access, so as to render it dangerous to
attempt to enter; and there is no blockade of that
port where its force can not be brought to bear.
Kent.
2. An obstruction to passage.
To raise a blockade. See under
Raise.
Block*ade", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blockaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blockading.] 1. To shut up, as
a town or fortress, by investing it with troops or vessels or war
for the purpose of preventing ingress or egress, or the
introduction of supplies. See note under Blockade,
n. \'bdBlockaded the place by
sea.\'b8
Gilpin.
2. Hence, to shut in so as to prevent egress.
Till storm and driving ice blockade him there.
Wordsworth.
3. To obstruct entrance to or egress from.
Huge bales of British cloth blockade the door.
Pope.
Block*ad"er (?), n. 1.
One who blockades.
2. (Naut.) A vessel employed in
blockading.
Block"age (?), n. The act of
blocking up; the state of being blocked up.
Block" book` (/). A book printed from
engraved wooden blocks instead of movable types.
Block"head` (/), n.
[Block + head.] A stupid
fellow; a dolt; a person deficient in understanding.
The bookful blockhead, ignorantly read,
With loads of learned lumber in his head.
Pope.
Block"head`ed, a. Stupid; dull.
Block"head*ism (?), n. That
which characterizes a blockhead; stupidity.
Carlyle.
Block"house` (/), n.
[Block + house: cf. G.
blockhaus.] 1. (Mil.)
An edifice or structure of heavy timbers or logs for
military defense, having its sides loopholed for musketry, and
often an upper story projecting over the lower, or so placed upon
it as to have its sides make an angle wit the sides of the lower
story, thus enabling the defenders to fire downward, and in all
directions; -- formerly much used in America and Germany.
2. A house of squared logs. [West. &
South. U. S.]
Block"ing, n. 1. The act of
obstructing, supporting, shaping, or stamping with a block or
blocks.
2. Blocks used to support (a building, etc.)
temporarily.
Block"ing course` (/). (Arch.)
The finishing course of a wall showing above a
cornice.
Block"ish, a. Like a block; deficient in
understanding; stupid; dull. \'bdBlockish
Ajax.\'b8 Shak. -- Block"ish*ly,
adv. -- Block"ish*ness,
n.
Block"like` (/), a. Like a
block; stupid.
Block" tin` (/). See under
Tin.
Bloe"dite (?), n. [From the
chemist Bl\'94de.] (Min.) A
hydrous sulphate of magnesium and sodium.
Blom"a*ry (?), n. See
Bloomery.
{ Blonc"ket, Blon"ket }
(?), a. [OF. blanquet
whitish, dim. of blanc white. Cf.
Blanket.] Gray; bluish gray.
[Obs.]
Our bloncket liveries been all too sad.
Spenser.
{ Blond, Blonde } (?),
a. [F., fair, light, of uncertain origin; cf. AS.
blonden-feax gray-haired, old, prop. blended-haired,
as a mixture of white and brown or black. See Blend,
v. t. ] Of a fair color; light-colored;
as, blond hair; a blond
complexion.
Blonde (?), n. [F.]
1. A person of very fair complexion, with light
hair and light blue eyes. [Written also
blond.]
2. [So called from its color.] A kind of
silk lace originally of the color of raw silk, now sometimes
dyed; -- called also blond lace.
Blond" met`al (?). A variety of clay
ironstone, in Staffordshire, England, used for making
tools.
Blond"ness, n. The state of being
blond.
G. Eliot.
Blood (?), n. [OE.
blod, blood, AS. bl/d; akin to
D. bloed, OHG. bluot, G. blut,
Goth, bl//, Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr.
the same root as E. blow to bloom. See Blow
to bloom.] 1. The fluid which circulates in
the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to
all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be
excreted. See under Arterial.
Corpuscle, Plasma.
2. Relationship by descent from a common ancestor;
consanguinity; kinship.
To share the blood of Saxon royalty.
Sir W. Scott.
A friend of our own blood.
Waller.
Half blood (Law), relationship
through only one parent. -- Whole blood,
relationship through both father and mother. In American Law,
blood includes both half blood, and whole
blood.
Bouvier. Peters.
3. Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth;
the highest royal lineage.
Give us a prince of blood, a son of Priam.
Shak.
I am a gentleman of blood and breeding.
Shak.
4. (Stock Breeding) Descent from parents
of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.
half blood is descent
showing one half only of pure breed. Blue blood,
full blood, or warm blood, is the same as
blood.
5. The fleshy nature of man.
Nor gives it satisfaction to our blood.
Shak.
6. The shedding of blood; the taking of life,
murder; manslaughter; destruction.
So wills the fierce, avenging sprite,
Till blood for blood atones.
Hood.
7. A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition.
[R.]
He was a thing of blood, whose every motion
Was timed with dying cries.
Shak.
8. Temper of mind; disposition; state of the
passions; -- as if the blood were the seat of emotions.
When you perceive his blood inclined to mirth.
Shak.
bad, cold, warm, or other
qualifying word. Thus, to commit an act in cold blood,
is to do it deliberately, and without sudden passion; to do it in
bad blood, is to do it in anger. Warm blood
denotes a temper inflamed or irritated. To warm or
heat the blood is to excite the passions. Qualified by
up, excited feeling or passion is signified; as, my
blood was up.
9. A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay,
showy man; a rake.
Seest thou not . . . how giddily 'a turns about all the hot
bloods between fourteen and five and thirty?
Shak.
It was the morning costume of a dandy or blood.
Thackeray.
10. The juice of anything, especially if red.
He washed . . . his clothes in the blood of
grapes.
Gen. xiix. 11.
Blood is often used as an adjective, and
as the first part of self-explaining compound words; as,
blood-bespotted, blood-bought,
blood-curdling, blood-dyed,
blood-red, blood-spilling,
blood-stained, blood-warm,
blood-won.
Blood baptism (Eccl. Hist.), the
martyrdom of those who had not been baptized. They were
considered as baptized in blood, and this was regarded as a full
substitute for literal baptism. -- Blood blister,
a blister or bleb containing blood or bloody serum, usually
caused by an injury. -- Blood brother,
brother by blood or birth. -- Blood clam
(Zo\'94l.), a bivalve mollusk of the genus Arca
and allied genera, esp. Argina pexata of the American
coast. So named from the color of its flesh. -- Blood
corpuscle. See Corpuscle. -- Blood
crystal (Physiol.), one of the crystals
formed by the separation in a crystalline form of the
h\'91moglobin of the red blood corpuscles; h\'91matocrystallin.
All blood does not yield blood crystals. -- Blood
heat, heat equal to the temperature of human blood, or
about 98\'ab -- Blood horse, a
horse whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most
highly prized origin or stock. -- Blood money.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Blood orange,
an orange with dark red pulp. -- Blood
poisoning (Med.), a morbid state of the
blood caused by the introduction of poisonous or infective
matters from without, or the absorption or retention of such as
are produced in the body itself; tox\'91mia. -- Blood
pudding, a pudding made of blood and other
materials. -- Blood relation, one connected
by blood or descent. -- Blood spavin. See
under Spavin. -- Blood vessel. See
in the Vocabulary. -- Blue blood, the blood
of noble or aristocratic families, which, according to a Spanish
prover , has in it a tinge of blue; -- hence, a member of an old
and aristocratic family. -- Flesh and blood.
(a) A blood relation, esp. a child. (b)
Human nature. -- In blood (Hunting),
in a state of perfect health and vigor. Shak.
-- To let blood. See under Let. --
Prince of the blood, the son of a sovereign, or
the issue of a royal family. The sons, brothers, and uncles of
the sovereign are styled princes of the blood royal;
and the daughters, sisters, and aunts are princesses of the
blood royal.
Blood (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blooded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Blooding.] 1.
To bleed. [Obs.]
Cowper.
<-- p. 157 -->
2. To stain, smear or wet, with blood.
[Archaic]
Reach out their spears afar,
And blood their points.
Dryden.
3. To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or
sight of blood, as in hunting or war.
It was most important too that his troops should be
blooded.
Macaulay.
4. To heat the blood of; to exasperate.
[Obs.]
The auxiliary forces of the French and English were much
blooded one against another.
Bacon.
Blood"bird` (/), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Australian honeysucker
(Myzomela sanguineolata); -- so called from the bright
red color of the male bird.
Blood"-bol`tered (?), a.
[Blood + Prov. E. bolter to mat in
tufts. Cf. Balter.] Having the hair
matted with clotted blood. [Obs. & R.]
The blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me.
Shak.
Blood"ed, a. Having pure blood, or a
large admixture or pure blood; of approved breed; of the best
stock.
blooded; warm-blooded.
Blood"flow`er (?), n. [From the
color of the flower.] (Bot.) A genus of
bulbous plants, natives of Southern Africa, named
H\'91manthus, of the Amaryllis family. The juice of
H. toxicarius is used by the Hottentots to poison
their arrows.
Blood"guilt`y (?), a. Guilty of
murder or bloodshed. \'bdA bloodguilty
life.\'b8 Fairfax. --
Blood"guilt`i*ness (/),
n. -- Blood"guilt`less,
a.
Blood"hound` (/), n. A breed
of large and powerful dogs, with long, smooth, and pendulous
ears, and remarkable for acuteness of smell. It is employed to
recover game or prey which has escaped wounded from a hunter, and
for tracking criminals. Formerly it was used for pursuing runaway
slaves. Other varieties of dog are often used for the same
purpose and go by the same name. The Cuban bloodhound is said to
be a variety of the mastiff.
Blood"i*ly (?), adv. In a
bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood.
Blood"i*ness, n. 1. The state
of being bloody.
2. Disposition to shed blood;
bloodthirstiness.
All that bloodiness and savage cruelty which was in
our nature.
Holland.
Blood"less, a. [AS.
bl/dle\'a0s.] 1. Destitute of
blood, or apparently so; as, bloodless cheeks;
lifeless; dead.
The bloodless carcass of my Hector sold.
Dryden.
2. Not attended with shedding of blood, or
slaughter; as, a bloodless victory.
Froude.
3. Without spirit or activity.
Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood !
Shak.
-- Blood"less*ly, adv. --
Blood"less*ness, n.
Blood"let` (/), v. t. [AS.
bl/dl/tan; bl/d blood +
l/atan to let.] bleed; to let
blood.
Arbuthnot.
Blood"let`ter (?), n. One who,
or that which, lets blood; a phlebotomist.
Blood"let`ting, n. (Med.) The
act or process of letting blood or bleeding, as by opening a vein
or artery, or by cupping or leeches; -- esp. applied to
venesection.
Blood" mon`ey (?). 1. Money paid
to the next of kin of a person who has been killed by
another.
2. Money obtained as the price, or at the cost, of
another's life; -- said of a reward for supporting a capital
charge, of money obtained for betraying a fugitive or for
committing murder, or of money obtained from the sale of that
which will destroy the purchaser.
Blood"root` (/), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Sanguinaria
Canadensis), with a red root and red sap, and bearing a
pretty, white flower in early spring; -- called also
puccoon, redroot,
bloodwort, tetterwort,
turmeric, and Indian paint.
It has acrid emetic properties, and the rootstock is used as a
stimulant expectorant. See Sanguinaria.
Blood"shed` (/), n.
[Blood + shed] The shedding
or spilling of blood; slaughter; the act of shedding human blood,
or taking life, as in war, riot, or murder.
Blood"shed`der (?), n. One who
sheds blood; a manslayer; a murderer.
Blood"shed`ding (?), n.
Bloodshed.
Shak.
Blood"shot` (/), a.
[Blood + shot, p. p. of
shoot to variegate.] Red and inflamed;
suffused with blood, or having the vessels turgid with blood, as
when the conjunctiva is inflamed or irritated.
His eyes were bloodshot, . . . and his hair
disheveled.
Dickens.
Blood"-shot`ten (?), a.
Bloodshot. [Obs.]
Blood"stick" (?), n.
(Far.) A piece of hard wood loaded at one end
with lead, and used to strike the fleam into the vein.
Youatt.
Blood"stone` (/), n.
(Min.) (a) A green siliceous stone
sprinkled with red jasper, as if with blood; hence the name; --
called also heliotrope. (b)
Hematite, an ore of iron yielding a blood red powder or
\'bdstreak.\'b8
Blood"stroke` (/), n. [Cf. F.
coup de sang.] Loss of sensation and motion
from hemorrhage or congestion in the brain.
Dunglison.
Blood"suck`er (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any animal that sucks blood; esp., the
leech (Hirudo medicinalis), and related species.
2. One who sheds blood; a cruel, bloodthirsty man;
one guilty of bloodshed; a murderer. [Obs.]
Shak.
3. A hard and exacting master, landlord, or money
lender; an extortioner.
Blood"thirst`y (?), a. Eager to
shed blood; cruel; sanguinary; murderous. --
Blood"thirst`i*ness (/),
n.
Blood"ulf (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European bullfinch.
Blood" ves`sel (?). (Anat.) Any
vessel or canal in which blood circulates in an animal, as an
artery or vein.
{ Blood"wite` (?), Blood"wit`
(/), } n. [AS.
bl/w\'c6te; bl/d blood, +
w\'c6te wite, fine.] (Anc. Law)
A fine or amercement paid as a composition for the shedding
of blood; also, a riot wherein blood was spilled.
Blood"wood (?), n. (Bot.)
A tree having the wood or the sap of the color of
blood.
Norfolk Island bloodwood is a euphorbiaceous
tree (Baloghia lucida), from which the sap is
collected for use as a plant. Various other trees have the name,
chiefly on account of the color of the wood, as Gordonia
H\'91matoxylon of Jamaica, and several species of
Australian Eucalyptus; also the true logwood (
H\'91matoxylon campechianum).
Blood"wort` (/), n.
(Bot.) A plant, Rumex sanguineus, or
bloody-veined dock. The name is applied also to bloodroot
(Sanguinaria Canadensis), and to an extensive order of
plants (H\'91modorace\'91), the roots of many species
of which contain a red coloring matter useful in dyeing.
Blood"y (?), a. [AS.
bl/dig.] 1. Containing or
resembling blood; of the nature of blood; as, bloody
excretions; bloody sweat.
2. Smeared or stained with blood; as,
bloody hands; a bloody handkerchief.
3. Given, or tending, to the shedding of blood;
having a cruel, savage disposition; murderous; cruel.
Some bloody passion shakes your very frame.
Shak.
4. Attended with, or involving, bloodshed;
sanguinary; esp., marked by great slaughter or cruelty; as, a
bloody battle.
5. Infamous; contemptible; -- variously used for
mere emphasis or as a low epithet. [Vulgar]
Thackeray.
Blood"y, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bloodied (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bloodying.] To stain with
blood.
Overbury.
Blood"y*bones` (/), n. A
terrible bugbear.
Blood"y flux` (?). The dysentery, a
disease in which the flux or discharge from the bowels has a
mixture of blood.
Arbuthnot.
Blood"y hand` (/). 1. A hand
stained with the blood of a deer, which, in the old forest laws
of England, was sufficient evidence of a man's trespass in the
forest against venison.
Jacob.
2. (Her.) A red hand, as in the arms of
Ulster, which is now the distinguishing mark of a baronet of the
United Kingdom.
Blood"y-mind"ed (?), a. Having
a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty.
Dryden.
Blood"y sweat` (/). A sweat accompanied
by a discharge of blood; a disease, called sweating
sickness, formerly prevalent in England and other
countries.
Bloom (?), n. [OE.
blome, fr. Icel. bl/m,
bl/mi; akin to Sw. blom, Goth.
bl/ma, OS. bl/mo, D. bloem,
OHG. bluomo, bluoma, G. blume;
fr. the same root as AS. bl/wan to blow, blossom.
See Blow to bloom, and cf. Blossom.]
1. A blossom; the flower of a plant; an expanded
bud; flowers, collectively.
The rich blooms of the tropics.
Prescott.
2. The opening of flowers in general; the state of
blossoming or of having the flowers open; as, the cherry
trees are in bloom. \'bdSight of vernal
bloom.\'b8
Milton.
3. A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor;
an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into
blossoms; as, the bloom of youth.
Every successive mother has transmitted a fainter
bloom, a more delicate and briefer beauty.
Hawthorne.
4. The delicate, powdery coating upon certain
growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums,
etc. Hence: Anything giving an appearance of attractive
freshness; a flush; a glow.
A new, fresh, brilliant world, with all the bloom
upon it.
Thackeray.
5. The clouded appearance which varnish sometimes
takes upon the surface of a picture.
6. A yellowish deposit or powdery coating which
appears on well-tanned leather.
Knight.
7. (Min.) A popular term for a
bright-hued variety of some minerals; as, the rose-red cobalt
bloom.
Bloom, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bloomed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blooming.] 1. To
produce or yield blossoms; to blossom; to flower or be in
flower.
A flower which once
In Paradise, fast by the tree of life,
Began to bloom.
Milton.
2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and
vigor; to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers; to give
promise, as by or with flowers.
A better country blooms to view,
Beneath a brighter sky.
Logan.
Bloom, v. t. 1. To cause to
blossom; to make flourish. [R.]
Charitable affection bloomed them.
Hooker.
2. To bestow a bloom upon; to make blooming or
radiant. [R.]
Milton.
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day.
Keats.
Bloom, n. [AS. bl/ma a mass
or lump, \'c6senes bl/ma a lump or wedge of
iron.] (Metal.) (a) A mass of
wrought iron from the Catalan forge or from the puddling furnace,
deprived of its dross, and shaped usually in the form of an
oblong block by shingling. (b) A large bar of
steel formed directly from an ingot by hammering or rolling,
being a preliminary shape for further working.
Bloom"a*ry (?), n. See
Bloomery.
Bloom"er (?), n. [From Mrs.
Bloomer, an American, who sought to introduce this
style of dress.] 1. A costume for women,
consisting of a short dress, with loose trousers gathered round
ankles, and (commonly) a broad-brimmed hat.
2. A woman who wears a Bloomer costume.
Bloom"er*y (?), n.
(Manuf.) A furnace and forge in which wrought
iron in the form of blooms is made directly from the ore, or
(more rarely) from cast iron.
Bloom"ing, n. (Metal.) The
process of making blooms from the ore or from cast iron.
Bloom"ing, a. 1. Opening in
blossoms; flowering.
2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor;
indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.
Bloom"ing*ly, adv. In a blooming
manner.
Bloom"ing*ness, n. A blooming
condition.
Bloom"less, a. Without bloom or
flowers.
Shelley.
Bloom"y (?), a. 1.
Full of bloom; flowery; flourishing with the vigor of youth;
as, a bloomy spray.
But all the bloomy flush of life is fled.
Goldsmith.
2. Covered with bloom, as fruit.
Dryden.
Blooth (?), n. Bloom; a
blossoming. [Prov. Eng.]
All that blooth means heavy autumn work for him and
his hands.
T. Hardy.
Blore (?), n. [Perh. a variant
of blare, v. i.; or cf. Gael. & Ir. blor a
loud noise.] The act of blowing; a roaring wind; a
blast. [Obs.]
A most tempestuous blore.
Chapman.
Blos"my (?), a. Blossomy.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Blos"som (?), n. [OE.
blosme, blostme, AS. bl/sma,
bl/stma, blossom; akin to D. bloesem, L.
fios, and E. flower; from the root of E.
blow to blossom. See Blow to blossom, and cf.
Bloom a blossom.] 1. The flower of a
plant, or the essential organs of reproduction, with their
appendages; florescence; bloom; the flowers of a plant,
collectively; as, the blossoms and fruit of a tree;
an apple tree in blossom.
corolla. It is
more commonly used than flower or bloom,
when we have reference to the fruit which is to succeed. Thus we
use flowers when we speak of plants cultivated for
ornament, and bloom in a more general sense, as of
flowers in general, or in reference to the beauty of
flowers.
Blossoms flaunting in the eye of day.
Longfellow.
2. A blooming period or stage of development;
something lovely that gives rich promise.
In the blossom of my youth.
Massinger.
3. The color of a horse that has white hairs
intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs; -- otherwise called
peach color.
In blossom, having the blossoms open; in
bloom.
Blos"som, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Blossomed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blossoming.] [AS.
bl/stmian. See Blossom,
n.] 1. To put forth blossoms or
flowers; to bloom; to blow; to flower.
The moving whisper of huge trees that branched
And blossomed.
Tennyson.
2. To flourish and prosper.
Israel shall blossom and bud, and full the face of
the world with fruit.
Isa. xxvii. 6.
Blos"som*less, a. Without
blossoms.
Blos"som*y (?), a. Full of
blossoms; flowery.
Blot (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blotted
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blotting.] [Cf. Dan. plette.
See 3d Blot.]
1. To spot, stain, or bespatter, as with ink.
The brief was writ and blotted all with gore.
Gascoigne.
2. To impair; to damage; to mar; to soil.
It blots thy beauty, as frosts do bite the
meads.
Shak.
3. To stain with infamy; to disgrace.
Blot not thy innocence with guiltless blood.
Rowe.
4. To obliterate, as writing with ink; to cancel;
to efface; -- generally with out; as, to
blot out a word or a sentence. Often figuratively;
as, to blot out offenses.
One act like this blots out a thousand crimes.
Dryden.
5. To obscure; to eclipse; to shadow.
He sung how earth blots the moon's gilded wane.
Cowley.
6. To dry, as writing, with blotting paper.
Syn. -- To obliterate; expunge; erase; efface; cancel;
tarnish; disgrace; blur; sully; smear; smutch.
Blot, v. i. To take a blot; as, this
paper blots easily.
Blot, n. [Cf. Icel. blettr,
Dan. plet.] 1. A spot or stain, as
of ink on paper; a blur. \'bdInky blots and
rotten parchment bonds.\'b8
Shak.
2. An obliteration of something written or printed;
an erasure.
Dryden.
3. A spot on reputation; a stain; a disgrace; a
reproach; a blemish.
This deadly blot in thy digressing son.
Shak.
Blot, n. [Cf. Dan. blot bare,
naked, Sw. blott, d. bloot, G. bloss, and
perh. E. bloat.] 1.
(Backgammon) (a) An exposure of a single
man to be taken up. (b) A single man left on
a point, exposed to be taken up.
He is too great a master of his art to make a blot
which may be so easily hit.
Dryden.
2. A weak point; a failing; an exposed point or
mark.
Blotch (?), n. [Cf. OE.
blacche in blacchepot blacking pot, akin to
black, as bleach is akin to
bleak. See Black, a., or cf.
Blot a spot.] 1. A blot or spot, as
of color or of ink; especially a large or irregular spot. Also
Fig.; as, a moral blotch.
Spots and blotches . . . some red, others
yellow.
Harvey.
2. (Med.) A large pustule, or a coarse
eruption.
Foul scurf and blotches him defile.
Thomson.
Blotched (?), a. Marked or
covered with blotches.
To give their blotched and blistered bodies
ease.
Drayton.
Blotch"y (?), a. Having
blotches.
Blote (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bloted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bloting.] [Cf. Sw.
bl\'94t-fisk soaked fish, fr. bl\'94ta to
soak. See 1st Bloat.] To cure, as herrings,
by salting and smoking them; to bloat. [Obs.]
Blot"less (?), a. Without
blot.
Blot"ter (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which blots; esp. a device for absorbing
superfluous ink.
<-- p. 158 -->
2. (Com.) A wastebook, in which entries
of transactions are made as they take place.
Blot*tesque" (/), a.
(Painting) Characterized by blots or heavy
touches; coarsely depicted; wanting in delineation.
Ruskin.
Blot"ting pa`per (?). A kind of thick,
bibulous, unsized paper, used to absorb superfluous ink from
freshly written manuscript, and thus prevent blots.
Blouse (?), n. [F.
blouse. Of unknown origin.] A light, loose
over-garment, like a smock frock, worn especially by workingmen
in France; also, a loose coat of any material, as the undress
uniform coat of the United States army.
Blow (?), v. i.
[imp. Blew (?); p.
p. Blown (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blowing.] [OE. blowen, AS.
bl/wan to blossom; akin to OS. bl/jan,
D. bloeijen, OHG. pluojan, MHG.
bl/ejen, G. bl\'81hen, L.
florere to flourish, OIr. blath blossom.
Cf. Blow to puff, Flourish.] To
flower; to blossom; to bloom.
How blows the citron grove.
Milton.
Blow, v. t. To cause to blossom; to put
forth (blossoms or flowers).
The odorous banks, that blow
Flowers of more mingled hue.
Milton.
Blow, n. (Bot.) A blossom; a
flower; also, a state of blossoming; a mass of blossoms.
\'bdSuch a blow of tulips.\'b8
Tatler.
Blow, n. [OE. blaw,
blowe; cf. OHG. bliuwan,
pliuwan, to beat, G. bl\'84uen, Goth.
bliggwan.] 1. A forcible stroke
with the hand, fist, or some instrument, as a rod, a club, an ax,
or a sword.
Well struck ! there was blow for
blow.
Shak.
2. A sudden or forcible act or effort; an
assault.
A vigorous blow might win [Hanno's camp].
T. Arnold.
3. The infliction of evil; a sudden calamity;
something which produces mental, physical, or financial suffering
or loss (esp. when sudden); a buffet.
A most poor man, made tame to fortune's blows.
Shak.
At a blow, suddenly; at one effort; by a
single vigorous act. \'bdThey lose a province at a
blow.\'b8 Dryden. -- To come to blows,
to engage in combat; to fight; -- said of individuals,
armies, and nations.
Syn. -- Stroke; knock; shock; misfortune.
Blow, v. i. [imp.
Blew (?); p. p. Blown
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blowing.] [OE. blawen,
blowen, AS. bl/wan to blow, as wind; akin
to OHG. pl/jan, G. bl\'84hen, to blow up,
swell, L. flare to blow, Gr. / to spout
out, and to E. bladder, blast,
inflate, etc., and perh. blow to
bloom.] 1. To produce a current of air; to
move, as air, esp. to move rapidly or with power; as, the
wind blows.
Hark how it rains and blows !
Walton.
2. To send forth a forcible current of air, as from
the mouth or from a pair of bellows.
3. To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to
puff.
Here is Mistress Page at the door, sweating and
blowing.
Shak.
4. To sound on being blown into, as a
trumpet.
There let the pealing organ blow.
Milton.
5. To spout water, etc., from the blowholes, as a
whale.
6. To be carried or moved by the wind; as, the
dust blows in from the street.
The grass blows from their graves to thy own.
M. Arnold.
7. To talk loudly; to boast; to storm.
[Colloq.]
You blow behind my back, but dare not say anything
to my face.
Bartlett.
To blow hot and cold (a saying derived from a
fable of , to favor a thing at one time and
treat it coldly at another; or to appear both to favor and to
oppose. -- To blow off, to let steam escape
through a passage provided for the purpose; as, the engine or
steamer is blowing off. -- To blow out.
(a) To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas
or vapor; as, a steam cock or valve sometimes blows
out. (b) To talk violently or
abusively. [Low] -- To blow over,
to pass away without effect; to cease, or be dissipated;
as, the storm and the clouds have blown
over. -- To blow up, to be torn to
pieces and thrown into the air as by an explosion of powder or
gas or the expansive force of steam; to burst; to explode; as, a
powder mill or steam boiler blows up. \'bdThe
enemy's magazines blew up.\'b8 Tatler.
Blow, v. t. 1. To force a
current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means; as, to
blow the fire.
2. To drive by a current air; to impel; as, the
tempest blew the ship ashore.
Off at sea northeast winds blow
Sabean odors from the spicy shore.
Milton.
3. To cause air to pass through by the action of
the mouth, or otherwise; to cause to sound, as a wind instrument;
as, to blow a trumpet; to blow an
organ.
Hath she no husband
That will take pains to blow a horn before her?
Shak.
Boy, blow the pipe until the bubble rise,
Then cast it off to float upon the skies.
Parnell.
4. To clear of contents by forcing air through;
as, to blow an egg; to blow one's
nose.
5. To burst, shatter, or destroy by an explosion;
-- usually with up, down, open,
or similar adverb; as, to blow up a
building.
6. To spread by report; to publish; to
disclose.
Through the court his courtesy was blown.
Dryden.
His language does his knowledge blow.
Whiting.
7. To form by inflation; to swell by injecting air;
as, to blow bubbles; to blow
glass.
8. To inflate, as with pride; to puff up.
Look how imagination blows him.
Shak.
9. To put out of breath; to cause to blow from
fatigue; as, to blow a horse.
Sir W. Scott.
10. To deposit eggs or larv\'91 upon, or in (meat,
etc.).
To suffer
The flesh fly blow my mouth.
Shak.
To blow great guns, to blow furiously and with
roaring blasts; -- said of the wind at sea or along the
coast. -- To blow off, to empty (a boiler) of
water through the blow-off pipe, while under steam pressure;
also, to eject (steam, water, sediment, etc.) from a boiler.
-- To blow one's own trumpet, to vaunt one's own
exploits, or sound one's own praises. -- To blow
out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a
candle. -- To blow up. (a) To fill
with air; to swell; as, to blow up a bladder or bubble.
(b) To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to
puff up; as, to blow one up with flattery.
\'bdBlown up with high conceits engendering pride.\'b8
Milton. (c) To excite; as, to blow up
a contention.(d) To burst, to raise into the air, or to
scatter, by an explosion; as, to blow up a fort.
(e) To scold violently; as, to blow up a person for
some offense. [Colloq.]
I have blown him up well -- nobody can
say I wink at what he does.
G. Eliot.
To blow upon. (a) To blast; to taint;
to bring into discredit; to render stale, unsavory, or
worthless. (b) To inform against.
[Colloq.]
How far the very custom of hearing anything spouted withers
and blows upon a fine passage, may be seen in those
speeches from [Shakespeare's] Henry V. which are current in the
mouths of schoolboys.
C. Lamb.
A lady's maid whose character had been blown
upon.
Macaulay.
Blow (?), n. 1. A
blowing, esp., a violent blowing of the wind; a gale; as, a
heavy blow came on, and the ship put back to
port.
2. The act of forcing air from the mouth, or
through or from some instrument; as, to give a hard
blow on a whistle or horn; to give the fire a
blow with the bellows.
3. The spouting of a whale.
4. (Metal.) A single heat or operation
of the Bessemer converter.
Raymond.
5. An egg, or a larva, deposited by a fly on or in
flesh, or the act of depositing it.
Chapman.
Blow"ball` (/), n. The downy
seed head of a dandelion, which children delight to blow
away.
B. Jonson.
{ Blow"en (?), Blow"ess
(?), } n. A prostitute; a
courtesan; a strumpet. [Low]
Smart.
Blow"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, blows.
2. (Mech.) A device for producing a
current of air; as: (a) A metal plate temporarily placed
before the upper part of a grate or open fire. (b) A
machine for producing an artificial blast or current of air by
pressure, as for increasing the draft of a furnace, ventilating a
building or shaft, cleansing gram, etc.
3. A blowing out or excessive discharge of gas from
a hole or fissure in a mine.
4. The whale; -- so called by seamen, from the
circumstance of its spouting up a column of water.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A small fish of the
Atlantic coast (Tetrodon turgidus); the puffer.
6. A braggart, or loud talker.
[Slang]
Bartlett.
Blow"fly` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of fly of the genus
Musca that deposits its eggs or young larv\'91 (called
flyblows and maggots) upon meat or other
animal products.
Blow"gun` (?), n. A tube, as of
cane or reed, sometimes twelve feet long, through which an arrow
or other projectile may be impelled by the force of the breath.
It is a weapon much used by certain Indians of America and the
West Indies; -- called also blowpipe, and
blowtube. See Sumpitan.
Blow"hole` (?), n. 1.
A cavern in a cliff, at the water level, opening to the air
at its farther extremity, so that the waters rush in with each
surge and rise in a lofty jet from the extremity.
2. A nostril or spiracle in the top of the head of
a whale or other cetacean.
3. A hole in the ice to which whales, seals, etc.,
come to breathe.
4. (Founding) An air hole in a
casting.
Blown (?), p. p. & a. 1.
Swollen; inflated; distended; puffed up, as cattle when
gorged with green food which develops gas.
2. Stale; worthless.
3. Out of breath; tired; exhausted. \'bdTheir
horses much blown.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
4. Covered with the eggs and larv\'91 of flies; fly
blown.
Blown, p. p. & a. Opened; in blossom or
having blossomed, as a flower.
Shak.
Blow"-off` (/), n. 1.
A blowing off steam, water, etc.; -- Also,
adj. as, a blow-off cock or
pipe.
2. An outburst of temper or excitement.
[Colloq.]
Blow"-out` (/), n. The
cleaning of the flues of a boiler from scale, etc., by a blast of
steam.
Blow"pipe` (/), n. 1.
A tube for directing a jet of air into a fire or into the
flame of a lamp or candle, so as to concentrate the heat on some
object.
mouth blowpipe when used
with the mouth; but for both chemical and industrial purposes, it
is often worked by a bellows or other contrivance. The common
mouth blowpipe is a tapering tube with a very small
orifice at the end to be inserted in the flame. The
oxyhydrogen blowpipe, invented by Dr. Hare in 1801, is
an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen, taken from separate
reservoirs, in the proportions of two volumes of hydrogen to one
of oxygen, are burned in a jet, under pressure. It gives a heat
that will consume the diamond, fuse platinum, and dissipate in
vapor, or in gaseous forms, most known substances.
2. A blowgun; a blowtube.
Blowpipe analysis (Chem.), analysis
by means of the blowpipe. -- Blowpipe reaction
(Chem.), the characteristic behavior of a
substance subjected to a test by means of the blowpipe.
Blow"point` (/), n. A child's
game. [Obs.]
Blowse, n. See Blowze.
Blowth (?), n. [From
Blow to blossom: cf. Growth.] A
blossoming; a bloom. [Obs. or Archaic] \'bdIn
the blowth and bud.\'b8
Sir W. Raleigh.
Blow"tube` (?), n. 1.
A blowgun.
Tylor.
2. A similar instrument, commonly of tin, used by
boys for discharging paper wads and other light missiles.
3. (Glassmaking) A long wrought iron
tube, on the end of which the workman gathers a quantity of
\'bdmetal\'b8 (melted glass), and through which he blows to
expand or shape it; -- called also blowing
tube, and blowpipe.
Blow" valve` (/). (Mach.) See
Snifting valve.
Blow"y (?), a. Windy; as,
blowy weather; a blowy upland.
Blowze (?), n. [Prob. from the
same root as blush.] A ruddy, fat-faced
woman; a wench. [Obs.]
Shak.
Blowzed (?), a. Having high
color from exposure to the weather; ruddy-faced; blowzy;
disordered.
Huge women blowzed with health and wind.
Tennyson.
Blowz"y (?), a. Coarse and
ruddy-faced; fat and ruddy; high colored; frowzy.
Blub (?), v. t. & i. [Cf.
Bleb, Blob.] To swell; to puff out,
as with weeping. [Obs.]
Blub"ber (?), n. [See
Blobber, Blob, Bleb.]
1. A bubble.
At his mouth a blubber stood of foam.
Henryson.
2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals
from which oil is obtained. It lies immediately under the skin
and over the muscular flesh.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A large sea nettle or
medusa.
Blub"ber, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Blubbered (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Blubbering.] To weep noisily,
or so as to disfigure the face; to cry in a childish
manner.
She wept, she blubbered, and she tore her hair.
Swift.
Blub"ber, v. t. 1. To swell or
disfigure (the face) with weeping; to wet with tears.
Dear Cloe, how blubbered is that pretty face!
Prior.
2. To give vent to (tears) or utter (broken words
or cries); -- with forth or out.
Blub"bered (?), p. p. & a.
Swollen; turgid; as, a blubbered
lip.
Spenser.
Blub"ber*ing, n. The act of weeping
noisily.
He spake well save that his blubbering interrupted
him.
Winthrop.
Blub"ber*y (?), a. 1.
Swollen; protuberant.
2. Like blubber; gelatinous and quivering; as,
a blubbery mass.
Blu"cher (?), n. A kind of half
boot, named from the Prussian general
Bl\'81cher.
Thackeray.
Bludg"eon (?), n. [Cf. Ir.
blocan a little block, Gael. plocan a
mallet, W. plocyn, dim. of ploc block; or
perh. connected with E. blow a stroke. Cf.
Block, Blow a stroke.] A short
stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier that the
other, used as an offensive weapon.
Blue (?), a.
[Compar. Bluer (?);
superl. Bluest.] [OE.
bla, blo, blew, blue, Sw.
bl/, D. blauw, OHG. bl/o, G.
blau; but influenced in form by F. bleu,
from OHG. bl\'beo.] 1. Having the
color of the clear sky, or a hue resembling it, whether lighter
or darker; as, the deep, blue sea; as blue as a
sapphire; blue violets. \'bdThe
blue firmament.\'b8
Milton.
2. Pale, without redness or glare, -- said of a
flame; hence, of the color of burning brimstone, betokening the
presence of ghosts or devils; as, the candle burns
blue; the air was blue with oaths.
3. Low in spirits; melancholy; as, to feel
blue.
4. Suited to produce low spirits; gloomy in
prospect; as, thongs looked blue.
[Colloq.]
5. Severe or over strict in morals; gloom; as,
blue and sour religionists; suiting one who is over
strict in morals; inculcating an impracticable, severe, or gloomy
mortality; as, blue laws.
6. Literary; -- applied to women; -- an
abbreviation of bluestocking.
[Colloq.]
The ladies were very blue and well informed.
Thackeray.
Blue asbestus. See Crocidolite.
-- Blue black, of, or having, a very dark blue
color, almost black. -- Blue blood. See under
Blood. -- Blue buck
(Zo\'94l.), a small South African antelope
(Cephalophus pygm\'91us); also applied to a larger
species (\'92goceras leucoph\'91us); the blaubok.
-- Blue cod (Zo\'94l.), the buffalo
cod. -- Blue crab (Zo\'94l.), the
common edible crab of the Atlantic coast of the United States
(Callinectes hastatus). -- Blue curls
(Bot.), a common plant (Trichostema
dichotomum), resembling pennyroyal, and hence called also
bastard pennyroyal. -- Blue
devils, apparitions supposed to be seen by persons
suffering with delirium tremens; hence, very low
spirits. \'bdCan Gumbo shut the hall door upon blue
devils, or lay them all in a red sea of claret?\'b8
Thackeray. -- Blue gage. See under
Gage, a plum. -- Blue gum, an
Australian myrtaceous tree (Eucalyptus globulus), of
the loftiest proportions, now cultivated in tropical and warm
temperate regions for its timber, and as a protection against
malaria. The essential oil is beginning to be used in medicine.
The timber is very useful. See Eucalyptus. --
Blue jack, Blue stone,
blue vitriol; sulphate of copper. -- Blue
jacket, a man-of war's man; a sailor wearing a naval
uniform. -- Blue jaundice. See under
Jaundice. -- Blue laws, a name first
used in the eighteenth century to describe certain supposititious
laws of extreme rigor reported to have been enacted in New Haven;
hence, any puritanical laws. [U. S.] --
Blue light, a composition which burns with a
brilliant blue flame; -- used in pyrotechnics and as a night
signal at sea, and in military operations. -- Blue
mantle (Her.), one of the four pursuivants
of the English college of arms; -- so called from the color of
his official robes. -- Blue mass, a
preparation of mercury from which is formed the blue pill.
McElrath. -- Blue mold, or mould, the
blue fungus (Aspergillus glaucus) which grows on
cheese. Brande & C. -- Blue Monday,
a Monday following a Sunday of dissipation, or itself given
to dissipation (as the Monday before Lent). -- Blue
ointment (Med.), mercurial ointment. --
Blue Peter (British Marine), a blue
flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for
sailing, to recall boats, etc. It is a corruption of blue
repeater, one of the British signal flags. -- Blue
pill. (Med.) (a) A pill of prepared
mercury, used as an aperient, etc. (b) Blue
mass. -- Blue ribbon. (a) The ribbon
worn by members of the order of the Garter; -- hence, a member of
that order. (b) Anything the attainment of
which is an object of great ambition; a distinction; a
prize. \'bdThese [scholarships] were the blue
ribbon of the college.\'b8 Farrar. (c)
The distinctive badge of certain temperance or total
abstinence organizations, as of the Blue ribbon
Army. -- Blue ruin, utter ruin; also,
gin. [Eng. Slang] Carlyle. --
Blue spar (Min.), azure spar; lazulite.
See Lazulite. -- Blue thrush
(Zo\'94l.), a European and Asiatic thrush
(Petrocossyphus cyaneas). -- Blue
verditer. See Verditer. -- Blue
vitriol (Chem.), sulphate of copper, a
violet blue crystallized salt, used in electric batteries, calico
printing, etc. -- Blue water, the open
ocean. -- To look blue, to look disheartened
or dejected. -- True blue, genuine and
thorough; not modified, nor mixed; not spurious; specifically, of
uncompromising Presbyterianism, blue being the color adopted by
the Covenanters.
<-- p. 159 -->
For his religion . . .
'T was Presbyterian, true blue.
Hudibras.
Blue (?), n. 1. One of
the seven colors into which the rays of light divide themselves,
when refracted through a glass prism; the color of the clear sky,
or a color resembling that, whether lighter or darker; a pigment
having such color. Sometimes, poetically, the sky.
2. A pedantic woman; a bluestocking.
[Colloq.]
3. pl. [Short for blue
devils.] Low spirits; a fit of despondency;
melancholy. [Colloq.]
Berlin blue, Prussian blue. --
Mineral blue. See under Mineral. --
Prussian blue. See under
Prussian.
Blue, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blued (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bluing.] To make blue; to dye of a blue
color; to make blue by heating, as metals, etc.
Blue"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A trout (Salmo
oquassa) inhabiting some of the lakes of Maine.
(b) A salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) of the
Columbia River and northward. (c) An American
river herring (Clupea \'91stivalis), closely allied to
the alewife.
Blue"beard (?), n. The hero of
a medi\'91val French nursery legend, who, leaving home, enjoined
his young wife not to open a certain room in his castle. She
entered it, and found the murdered bodies of his former wives. --
Also used adjectively of a subject which it is forbidden to
investigate.
The Bluebeard chamber of his mind, into which no
eye but his own must look.
Carlyle.
Blue"bell` (?), n. (Bot.)
(a) A plant of the genus Campanula,
especially the Campanula rotundifolia, which bears
blue bell-shaped flowers; the harebell. (b) A
plant of the genus Scilla (Scilla
nutans).
Blue"berry (?), n. [Cf.
Blaeberry.] (Bot.) The berry of
several species of Vaccinium, and ericaceous genus,
differing from the American huckleberries in containing numerous
minute seeds instead of ten nutlets. The commonest species are
V. Pennsylvanicum and V. vacillans.
V. corymbosum is the tall blueberry.
Blue"bill` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A duck of the genus
Fuligula. Two American species (F. marila
and F. affinis) are common. See Scaup
duck.
Blue"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small song bird (Sialia
sialis), very common in the United States, and, in the
north, one of the earliest to arrive in spring. The male is blue,
with the breast reddish. It is related to the European
robin.
Pairy bluebird (Zo\'94l.), a
brilliant Indian or East Indian bird of the genus
Irena, of several species.
{ Blue" bon`net or Blue"-bon`net }
(?), n. 1. A broad, flat
Scottish cap of blue woolen, or one waring such cap; a
Scotchman.
2. (Bot.) A plant. Same as
Bluebottle.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The European blue titmouse
(Parus c\'d2ruleus); the bluecap.
Blue" book` (?). 1. A
parliamentary publication, so called from its blue paper
covers. [Eng.]
2. The United States official \'bdBiennial
Register.\'b8
Blue"bot`tle (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) A plant (Centaurea cyanus)
which grows in grain fields. It receives its name from its blue
bottle-shaped flowers.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large and troublesome
species of blowfly (Musca vomitoria). Its body is
steel blue.
Blue"breast` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small European bird; the
blue-throated warbler.
Blue"cap` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The bluepoll.
(b) The blue bonnet or blue titmouse.
2. A Scot; a Scotchman; -- so named from wearing a
blue bonnet. [Poetic]
Shak.
Blue"coat` (?), n. One dressed
in blue, as a soldier, a sailor, a beadle, etc.
Blue"-eye` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The blue-cheeked honeysucker of
Australia.
Blue"-eyed` (?), a. Having blue
eyes.
Blue-eyed grass (?) (Bot.) a
grasslike plant (Sisyrinchium anceps), with small
flowers of a delicate blue color.
Blue"fin` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A species of whitefish (Coregonus
nigripinnis) found in Lake Michigan.
Blue"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. A large voracious fish
(Pomatomus saitatrix), of the family
Carangid\'91, valued as a food fish, and widely
distributed on the American coast. On the New Jersey and Rhode
Island coast it is called the horse mackerel,
in Virginia saltwater tailor, or
skipjack.
2. A West Indian fish (Platyglossus
radiatus), of the family Labrid\'91.
Blue"gown` (?), n. One of a
class of paupers or pensioners, or licensed beggars, in Scotland,
to whim annually on the king's birthday were distributed certain
alms, including a blue gown; a beadsman.
Blue" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
species of grass (Poa compressa) with bluish green
stems, valuable in thin gravelly soils; wire grass.
Kentucky blue grass, a species of grass
(Poa pratensis) which has running rootstocks and
spreads rapidly. It is valuable as a pasture grass, as it endures
both winter and drought better than other kinds, and is very
nutritious.
Blue" jay` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The
common jay of the United States (Cyanocitta, or Cyanura,
cristata). The predominant color is bright blue.
Blue"-john` (?), n. A name
given to fluor spar in Derbyshire, where it is used for
ornamental purposes.
Blue"ly, adv. With a blue color.
Swift.
Blue"ness, n. The quality of being blue;
a blue color.
Boyle.
Blue"nose (?), n. A nickname
for a Nova Scotian.
Blue"poll` (/), n.
[Blue + poll head.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of salmon (Salmo
Cambricus) found in Wales.
Blue"print. See under Print.
Blue"stock`ing (?), n. 1.
A literary lady; a female pedant.
[Colloq.]
blue
stockings. He was so much distinguished for his
conversational powers that his absence at any time was felt to be
a great loss, so that the remark became common, \'bdWe can do
nothing without the blue stockings.\'b8 Hence these
meetings were sportively called bluestocking clubs,
and the ladies who attended them,
bluestockings.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The American avocet
(Recurvirostra Americana).
Blue"stock`ing*ism (?), n. The
character or manner of a bluestocking; female pedantry.
[Colloq.]
Blue"stone` (/), n. 1.
Blue vitriol.
Dunglison.
2. A grayish blue building stone, as that commonly
used in the eastern United States.
Blue"throat` (#), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A singing bird of northern Europe and
Asia (Cyanecula Suecica), related to the nightingales;
-- called also blue-throated robin and
blue-throated warbler.
Blu"ets (?), n. [F.
bluet, bleuet, dim. of bleu
blue. See Blue, a.] (Bot.)
A name given to several different species of plants having
blue flowers, as the Houstonia c\'d2rulea, the
Centaurea cyanus or bluebottle, and the Vaccinium
angustifolium.
Blue"-veined` (/), a. Having
blue veins or blue streaks.
Blue"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The blue-winged teal. See
Teal.
Blue"y (?),a.Bluish.
Southey.
Bluff (?), a. [Cf. OD.
blaf flat, broad, blaffaert one with a
broad face, also, a boaster; or G. verbl\'81ffen to
confuse, LG. bluffen to frighten; to unknown
origin.] 1. Having a broad, flattened front;
as, the bluff bows of a ship.
\'bdBluff visages.\'b8
Irving.
2. Rising steeply with a flat or rounded
front. \'bdA bluff or bold shore.\'b8
Falconer.
Its banks, if not really steep, had a bluff and
precipitous aspect.
Judd.
3. Surly; churlish; gruff; rough.
4. Abrupt; roughly frank; unceremonious; blunt;
brusque; as, a bluff answer; a bluff manner
of talking; a bluff sea captain.
\'bdBluff King Hal.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
There is indeed a bluff pertinacity which is a
proper defense in a moment of surprise.
I. Taylor.
Bluff, n. 1. A high, steep
bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a
cliff with a broad face.
Beach, bluff, and wave, adieu.
Whittier.
2. An act of bluffing; an expression of
self-confidence for the purpose of intimidation; braggadocio;
as, that is only bluff, or a
bluff.
3. A game at cards; poker.
[U.S.]
Bartlett.
Bluff, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bluffed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bluffing.] 1.
(Poker) To deter (an opponent) from taking the
risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the bluffer does by
betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less
value. [U. S.]
2. To frighten or deter from accomplishing a
purpose by making a show of confidence in one's strength or
resources; as, he bluffed me off.
[Colloq.]
Bluff, v. i. To act as in the game of
bluff.
Bluff"-bowed` (/), a.
(Naut.) Built with the stem nearly straight up
and down.
Bluff"er, (/) n. One who
bluffs.
Bluff"-head`ed (/), a.
(Naut.) Built with the stem nearly straight up
and down.
Bluff"ness, n. The quality or state of
being bluff.
Bluff"y (?), a. 1.
Having bluffs, or bold, steep banks.
2. Inclined to bo bluff; brusque.
Blu"ing (?), n. 1. The
act of rendering blue; as, the bluing of
steel.
Tomlinson.
2. Something to give a bluish tint, as indigo, or
preparations used by washerwomen.
Blu"ish (?), a. Somewhat blue;
as, bluish veins. \'bdBluish
mists.\'b8 Dryden. -- Blu"ish*ly,
adv. -- Blu"ish*ness,
n.
Blun"der (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blundered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blundering.] [OE. blunderen,
blondren, to stir, confuse, blunder; perh. allied to
blend to mix, to confound by mixture.]
1. To make a gross error or mistake; as, to
blunder in writing or preparing a medical
prescription.
Swift.
2. To move in an awkward, clumsy manner; to
flounder and stumble.
I was never distinguished for address, and have often even
blundered in making my bow.
Goldsmith.
Yet knows not how to find the uncertain place,
And blunders on, and staggers every pace.
Dryden.
To blunder on. (a) To continue
blundering. (b) To find or reach as if by an accident
involving more or less stupidity, -- applied to something
desirable; as, to blunder on a useful
discovery.
Blun"der, v. t. 1. To cause to
blunder. [Obs.] \'bdTo blunder an
adversary.\'b8
Ditton.
2. To do or treat in a blundering manner; to
confuse.
He blunders and confounds all these together.
Stillingfleet.
Blun"der, n. 1. Confusion;
disturbance. [Obs.]
2. A gross error or mistake, resulting from
carelessness, stupidity, or culpable ignorance.
Syn. -- Blunder, Error, Mistake,
Bull. An error is a departure
or deviation from that which is right or correct; as, an
error of the press; an error of judgment. A
mistake is the interchange or taking of one thing for
another, through haste, inadvertence, etc.; as, a careless
mistake. A blunder is a mistake or error
of a gross kind. It supposes a person to flounder on in his
course, from carelessness, ignorance, or stupidity. A
bull is a verbal blunder containing a laughable
incongruity of ideas.
Blun"der*buss (?), n. [Either
fr. blunder + D. bus tube, box, akin to G.
b\'81chse box, gun, E. box; or corrupted
fr. D. donderbus (literally) thunder box, gun,
musket.] 1. A short gun or firearm, with a
large bore, capable of holding a number of balls, and intended to
do execution without exact aim.
2. A stupid, blundering fellow.
Blun"der*er (?), n. One who is
apt to blunder.
Blun"der*head` (/), n.
[Blunder + head.] A stupid, blundering
fellow.
Blun"der*ing, a. Characterized by
blunders.
Blun"der*ing*ly, adv. In a blundering
manner.
Blunge (?), v. t. To amalgamate
and blend; to beat up or mix in water, as clay.
Blun"ger (?), n. [Corrupted
from plunger.] A wooden blade with a cross
handle, used for mi/ing the clay in potteries; a plunger.
Tomlinson.
Blun"ging (?), n. The process
of mixing clay in potteries with a blunger.
Tomlinson.
Blunt (?), a. [Cf. Prov. G.
bludde a dull or blunt knife, Dan. blunde
to sleep, Sw. & Icel. blunda; or perh. akin to E.
blind.] 1. Having a thick edge or
point, as an instrument; dull; not sharp.
The murderous knife was dull and blunt.
Shak.
2. Dull in understanding; slow of discernment;
stupid; -- opposed to acute.
His wits are not so blunt.
Shak.
3. Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting
the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.
\'bdHiding his bitter jests in blunt behavior.\'b8
\'bdA plain, blunt man.\'b8
Shak.
4. Hard to impress or penetrate.
[R.]
I find my heart hardened and blunt to new
impressions.
Pope.
Blunt is much used in composition, as
blunt-edged, blunt-sighted,
blunt-spoken.
Syn. -- Obtuse; dull; pointless; curt; short; coarse; rude;
brusque; impolite; uncivil.
Blunt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Blunted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Blunting.] 1. To dull the edge
or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.
Shak.
2. To repress or weaken, as any appetite, desire,
or power of the mind; to impair the force, keenness, or
susceptibility, of; as, to blunt the
feelings.
Blunt, n. 1. A fencer's
foil. [Obs.]
2. A short needle with a strong point. See
Needle.
3. Money. [Cant]
Beaconsfield.
Blunt"ish, a. Somewhat blunt. --
Blunt"ish*ness, n.
Blunt"ly, adv. In a blunt manner;
coarsely; plainly; abruptly; without delicacy, or the usual forms
of civility.
Sometimes after bluntly giving his opinions, he
would quietly lay himself asleep until the end of their
deliberations.
Jeffrey.
Blunt"ness, n. 1. Want of edge
or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness.
The multitude of elements and bluntness of
angles.
Holland.
2. A bruptness of address; rude plainness.
\'bdBluntness of speech.\'b8
Boyle.
Blunt"-wit`ted (?), n. Dull;
stupid.
Blunt-witted lord, ignoble in demeanor!
Shak.
Blur (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blurred
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blurring.] [Prob. of same origin as
blear. See Blear.] 1. To
render obscure by making the form or outline of confused and
uncertain, as by soiling; to smear; to make indistinct and
confused; as, to blur manuscript by handling it
while damp; to blur the impression of a woodcut by an
excess of ink.
But time hath nothing blurred those lines of favor
Which then he wore.
Shak.
2. To cause imperfection of vision in; to dim; to
darken.
Her eyes are blurred with the lightning's
glare.
J. R. Drake.
3. To sully; to stain; to blemish, as
reputation.
Sarcasms may eclipse thine own,
But can not blur my lost renown.
Hudibras.
Syn. -- To spot; blot; disfigure; stain; sully.
<-- p. 160 -->
<-- p. 160 -->
Blur (?), n. 1. That
which obscures without effacing; a stain; a blot, as upon paper
or other substance.
As for those who cleanse blurs with blotted
fingers, they make it worse.
Fuller.
2. A dim, confused appearance; indistinctness of
vision; as, to see things with a blur; it was all
blur.
3. A moral stain or blot.
Lest she . . . will with her railing set a great
blur on mine honesty and good name.
Udall.
Blur"ry (?), a. Full of blurs;
blurred.
Blurt (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Blurted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Blurting.] [Cf.
Blare.] To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to
divulge inconsiderately; to ejaculate; -- commonly with
out.
Others . . . can not hold, but blurt out, those
words which afterward they forced to eat.
Hakewill.
To blurt at, to speak contemptuously of.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Blush (?) v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blushed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blushing.] [OE. bluschen to
shine, look, turn red, AS. blyscan to glow; akin to
blysa a torch, \'bebl/sian to blush, D.
blozen, Dan. blusse to blaze, blush.]
1. To become suffused with red in the cheeks, as
from a sense of shame, modesty, or confusion; to become red from
such cause, as the cheeks or face.
To the nuptial bower
I led her blushing like the morn.
Milton.
In the presence of the shameless and unblushing, the young
offender is ashamed to blush.
Buckminster.
He would stroke
The head of modest and ingenuous worth,
That blushed at its own praise.
Cowper.
2. To grow red; to have a red or rosy color.
The sun of heaven, methought, was loth to set,
But stayed, and made the western welkin blush.
Shak.
3. To have a warm and delicate color, as some roses
and other flowers.
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen.
T. Gray.
Blush, v. t. 1. To suffuse with
a blush; to redden; to make roseate. [Obs.]
To blush and beautify the cheek again.
Shak.
2. To express or make known by blushing.
I'll blush you thanks.
Shak.
Blush, n. 1. A suffusion of the
cheeks or face with red, as from a sense of shame, confusion, or
modesty.
The rosy blush of love.
Trumbull.
2. A red or reddish color; a rosy tint.
Light's last blushes tinged the distant hills.
Lyttleton.
At first blush, or At the first
blush, at the first appearance or view.
\'bdAt the first blush, we thought they had been ships
come from France.\'b8 Hakluyt. This phrase is used
now more of ideas, opinions, etc., than of material things.
\'bdAll purely identical propositions, obviously, and at
first blush, appear.\'b8 etc. Locke. --
To put to the blush, to cause to blush with shame;
to put to shame.
Blush"er (?), n. One that
blushes.
Blush"et (?), n. A modest
girl. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Blush"ful (?), a. Full of
blushes.
While from his ardent look the turning Spring
Averts her blushful face.
Thomson.
Blush"ing, a. Showing blushes; rosy red;
having a warm and delicate color like some roses and other
flowers; blooming; ruddy; roseate.
The dappled pink and blushing rose.
Prior.
Blush"ing, n. The act of turning red;
the appearance of a reddish color or flush upon the cheeks.
Blush"ing*ly, adv. In a blushing manner;
with a blush or blushes; as, to answer or confess
blushingly.
Blush"less, a. Free from blushes;
incapable of blushing; shameless; impudent.
Vice now, secure, her blushless front shall
raise.
Dodsley.
Blush"y (?), a. Like a blush;
having the color of a blush; rosy. [R.] \'bdA
blushy color.\'b8
Harvey.
Blus"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Blustered
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Blustering.] [Allied to
blast.]
1. To blow fitfully with violence and noise, as
wind; to be windy and boisterous, as the weather.
And ever-threatening storms
Of Chaos blustering round.
Milton.
2. To talk with noisy violence; to swagger, as a
turbulent or boasting person; to act in a noisy, tumultuous way;
to play the bully; to storm; to rage.
Your ministerial directors blustered like tragic
tyrants.
Burke.
Blus"ter, v. t. To utter, or do, with
noisy violence; to force by blustering; to bully.
He bloweth and blustereth out . . . his abominable
blasphemy.
Sir T. More.
As if therewith he meant to bluster all princes
into a perfect obedience to his commands.
Fuller.
Blus"ter, n. 1. Fitful noise
and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness.
To the winds they set
Their corners, when with bluster to confound
Sea, air, and shore.
Milton.
2. Noisy and violent or threatening talk; noisy and
boastful language.
L'Estrange.
Syn. -- Noise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence;
confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.
Blus"ter*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, blusters; a noisy swaggerer.
Blus"ter*ing, a. 1. Exhibiting
noisy violence, as the wind; stormy; tumultuous.
A tempest and a blustering day.
Shak.
2. Uttering noisy threats; noisy and swaggering;
boisterous. \'bdA blustering fellow.\'b8
L'Estrange.
Blus"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a blustering
manner.
Blus"ter*ous (?), a. Inclined
to bluster; given to blustering; blustering.
Motley.
Blus"trous (?), a.
Blusterous.
Shak.
Bo (?), interj. [Cf. W.
bw, an interj. of threatening or frightening; n.,
terror, fear, dread.] An exclamation used to startle
or frighten. [Spelt also boh and
boo.]
Bo"a (?), n.; pl.
Boas . [L. boa a kind of water
serpent. Perh. fr. bos an ox.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of large American serpents,
including the boa constrictor, the emperor boa of Mexico (B.
imperator), and the chevalier boa of Peru (B.
eques).
dog-headed boa (Xiphosoma caninum).
2. A long, round fur tippet; -- so called from its
resemblance in shape to the boa constrictor.
Bo"a con*strict"or (?). [NL. See
Boa, and Constrictor.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large and powerful serpent of
tropical America, sometimes twenty or thirty feet long. See
Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Bo`a*ner"ges (?). [Gr. /,
fr. Heb. bn/ hargem sons of thunder. -- an
appellation given by Christ to two of his disciples (James and
John). See Mark iii. 17.] Any declamatory
and vociferous preacher or orator.
Boar (?), n. [OE.
bar, bor, bore, AS.
b\'ber; akin to OHG. p/r, MHG.
b/r, G. b\'84r, boar (but not
b\'84r bear), and perh. Russ. borov'
boar.] (Zo\'94l.) The uncastrated male of
swine; specifically, the wild hog.
Board (?), n. [OE.
bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to
bred plank, Icel. bor/ board, side of a
ship, Goth. f/tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. bord board,
G. brett, bort. See def. 8.
1. A piece of timber sawed thin,
and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the
thickness, -- used for building, etc.
plank.
2. A table to put food upon.
board answers to the modern
table, but it was often movable, and placed on
trestles.
Halliwell.
Fruit of all kinds . . .
She gathers, tribute large, and on the board
Heaps with unsparing hand.
Milton.
3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated
meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay;
as, to work for one's board; the price of
board.
4. A table at which a council or court is held.
Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized
assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons
appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or
direction of some public or private business or trust; as,
the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a
board of directors, trustees, commissioners,
etc.
Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat
then at that board.
Clarendon.
We may judge from their letters to the board.
Porteus.
5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other
material used for some special purpose, as, a molding
board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a
game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon
board.
6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for
book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in
boards.
7. pl. The stage in a theater; as,
to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical
profession.
8. [In this use originally perh. a different word
meaning border, margin; cf. D.
boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G.
borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the
side of a ship. Cf. Border.] The border or
side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The
side of a ship. \'bdNow board to
board the rival vessels row.\'b8 Dryden. See
On board, below. (b) The stretch which
a ship makes in one tack.
Board is much used adjectively or as the
last part of a compound; as, fir board,
clapboard, floor board,
shipboard, sideboard, ironing
board, chessboard, cardboard,
pasteboard, seaboard; board
measure.
The American Board, a shortened form of
\'bdThe American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions\'b8
(the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational
churches). -- Bed and board. See under
Bed. -- Board and board
(Naut.), side by side. -- Board of
control, six privy councilors formerly appointed to
superintend the affairs of the British East Indies.
Stormonth. -- Board rule, a figured scale
for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a
board. Haldeman. -- Board of trade,
in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to
superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a
body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their
business interests; a chamber of commerce. -- Board
wages. (a) Food and lodging supplied as
compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only
board wages. (b) Money wages which
are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c)
A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement
of food, or food and lodging. Dryden. -- By
the board, over the board, or side.
\'bdThe mast went by the board.\'b8 Totten.
Hence (Fig.), To go by the board, to suffer
complete destruction or overthrow. -- To enter on the
boards, to have one's name inscribed on a board or
tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge,
England.] \'bdHaving been entered on the boards
of Trinity college.\'b8 Hallam. -- To make a good
board (Naut.), to sail in a straight line
when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward. -- To
make short boards, to tack frequently. -- On
board. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat;
on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on
board ship. (b) In or into a railway car
or train. [Colloq. U. S.] -- Returning
board, a board empowered to canvass and make an
official statement of the votes cast at an election.
[U.S.]
Board, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Boarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Boarding.] 1. To cover with
boards or boarding; as, to board a house. \'bdThe
boarded hovel.\'b8
Cowper.
2. [Cf. Board to accost, and see
Board, n.] To go on board of, or
enter, as a ship, whether in a hostile or a friendly way.
You board an enemy to capture her, and a stranger
to receive news or make a communication.
Totten.
3. To enter, as a railway car. [Colloq.
U. S.]
4. To furnish with regular meals, or with meals and
lodgings, for compensation; to supply with daily meals.
5. To place at board, for compensation; as, to
board one's horse at a livery stable.
Board (?), v. i. To obtain
meals, or meals and lodgings, statedly for compensation; as,
he boards at the hotel.
We are several of us, gentlemen and ladies, who
board in the same house.
Spectator.
Board, v. t. [F. aborder. See
Abord, v. t.] To approach; to
accost; to address; hence, to woo. [Obs.]
I will board her, though she chide as loud
As thunder when the clouds in autumn crack.
Shak.
Board"a*ble (?), a. That can be
boarded, as a ship.
Board"er (?), n. 1.
One who has food statedly at another's table, or meals and
lodgings in his house, for pay, or compensation of any
kind.
2. (Naut.) One who boards a ship; one
selected to board an enemy's ship.
Totten.
Board"ing, n. 1. (Naut.)
The act of entering a ship, whether with a hostile or a
friendly purpose.
Both slain at one time, as they attempted the
boarding of a frigate.
Sir F. Drake.
2. The act of covering with boards; also, boards,
collectively; or a covering made of boards.
3. The act of supplying, or the state of being
supplied, with regular or specified meals, or with meals and
lodgings, for pay.
Boarding house, a house in which boarders are
kept. -- Boarding nettings (Naut.),
a strong network of cords or ropes erected at the side of a
ship to prevent an enemy from boarding it. -- Boarding
pike (Naut.), a pike used by sailors in
boarding a vessel, or in repelling an attempt to board it.
Totten. -- Boarding school, a
school in which pupils receive board and lodging as well as
instruction.
Boar"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A Mediterranean fish
(Capros aper), of the family Caproid\'91;
-- so called from the resemblance of the extended lips to a hog's
snout. (b) An Australian percoid fish
(Histiopterus recurvirostris), valued as a food
fish.
Boar"ish, a. Swinish; brutal;
cruel.
In his anointed flesh stick boarish fangs.
Shak.
Boast (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Boasted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Boasting.] [OE.
bosten, boosten, v., bost,
boost, n., noise, boasting; cf. G. bausen,
bauschen, to swell, pusten, Dan.
puste, Sw. pusta, to blow, Sw.
p\'94sa to swell; or W. bostio to boast,
bost boast, Gael. bosd. But these last may
be from English.] 1. To vaunt one's self; to
brag; to say or tell things which are intended to give others a
high opinion of one's self or of things belonging to one's self;
as, to boast of one's exploits courage, descent,
wealth.
By grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of
yourselves: .. not of works, lest any man should
boast.
Eph. ii. 8, 9.
2. To speak in exulting language of another; to
glory; to exult.
In God we boast all the day long.
Ps. xiiv. 8
Syn. -- To brag; bluster; vapor; crow; talk big.
Boast, v. t. 1. To display in
ostentatious language; to speak of with pride, vanity, or
exultation, with a view to self-commendation; to extol.
Lest bad men should boast
Their specious deeds.
Milton.
2. To display vaingloriously.
3. To possess or have; as, to boast a
name.
To boast one's self, to speak with unbecoming
confidence in, and approval of, one's self; -- followed by
of and the thing to which the boasting relates.
[Archaic]
Boast not thyself of to-morrow.
Prov. xxvii./
Boast, v. t. [Of uncertain
etymology.] 1. (Masonry) To dress,
as a stone, with a broad chisel.
Weale.
2. (Sculp.) To shape roughly as a
preparation for the finer work to follow; to cut to the general
form required.
Boast, n. 1. Act of boasting;
vaunting or bragging.
Reason and morals? and where live they most,
In Christian comfort, or in Stoic boast!
Byron.
2. The cause of boasting; occasion of pride or
exultation, -- sometimes of laudable pride or exultation.
The boast of historians.
Macaulay.
Boast"ance (?), n.
Boasting. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Boast"er (?), n. One who
boasts; a braggart.
Boast"er, n. A stone mason's broad-faced
chisel.
Boast"ful (?), a. Given to, or
full of, boasting; inclined to boast; vaunting; vainglorious;
self-praising. -- Boast"ful*ly,
adv. -- Boast"ful*ness,
n.
Boast"ing, n. The act of glorying or
vaunting; vainglorious speaking; ostentatious display.
When boasting ends, then dignity begins.
Young.
Boast"ing*ly, adv. Boastfully; with
boasting. \'bdHe boastingly tells you.\'b8
Burke.
Boast"ive (?), a.
Presumptuous. [R.]
Boast"less, a. Without boasting or
ostentation.
Boat (?), n. [OE.
boot, bat, AS. b\'bet; akin to
Icel. b\'betr, Sw. b\'86t, Dan.
baad, D.& G. boot. Cf.
Bateau.]
1. A small open vessel, or water craft, usually
moved by cars or paddles, but often by a sail.
canoe, yawl, wherry,
pinnace, punt, etc.
2. Hence, any vessel; usually with some epithet
descriptive of its use or mode of propulsion; as, pilot
boat, packet boat, passage boat,
advice boat, etc. The term is sometimes applied to
steam vessels, even of the largest class; as, the Cunard
boats.
3. A vehicle, utensil, or dish, somewhat resembling
a boat in shape; as, a stone boat; a gravy
boat.
<-- p. 161 -->
Boat is much used either adjectively or
in combination; as, boat builder or
boatbuilder; boat building or
boatbuilding; boat hook or
boathook; boathouse; boat keeper
or boatkeeper; boat load; boat
race; boat racing; boat rowing;
boat song; boatlike;
boat-shaped.
Advice boat. See under Advice.
-- Boat hook (Naut.), an iron hook with
a point on the back, fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a
boat, raft, log, etc. Totten. -- Boat
rope, a rope for fastening a boat; -- usually called a
painter. -- In the same boat,
in the same situation or predicament.
[Colloq.]
F. W. Newman.
Boat (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boated; p. pr.
& vb. n. Boating.] 1. To
transport in a boat; as, to boat goods.
2. To place in a boat; as, to boat
oars.
To boat the oars. See under
Oar.
Boat, v. i. To go or row in a
boat.
I boated over, ran my craft aground.
Tennyson.
Boat"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Such as can be transported in a boat.
2. Navigable for boats, or small river craft.
The boatable waters of the Alleghany.
J. Morse.
Boat"age (?), n. Conveyance by
boat; also, a charge for such conveyance.
Boat"bill` (/), n.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. A wading bird
(Cancroma cochlearia) of the tropical parts of South
America. Its bill is somewhat like a boat with the keel
uppermost.
2. A perching bird of India, of the genus
Eurylaimus.
Boat" bug` (/). (Zo\'94l.) An
aquatic hemipterous insect of the genus Notonecta; --
so called from swimming on its back, which gives it the
appearance of a little boat. Called also boat
fly, boat insect,
boatman, and water
boatman.
Boat"ful (?), n.; pl.
Boatfuls. The quantity or amount that fills
a boat.
Boat"house` (?), n. A house for
sheltering boats.
Half the latticed boathouse hides.
Wordsworth.
Boat"ing, n. 1. The act or
practice of rowing or sailing, esp. as an amusement; carriage in
boats.
2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders, by
laying them on the back in a covered boat, where they are left to
perish.
Bo*a"tion (?), n. [L.
boatus, fr. boare to roar.] A
crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation.
[Obs.]
The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in
long boations.
Derham.
Boat"man (?), n.; pl.
Boatmen (/). 1. A man
who manages a boat; a rower of a boat.
As late the boatman hies him home.
Percival.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A boat bug. See Boat
bug.
Boat"man*ship, n. The art of managing a
boat.
Boat"-shaped` (/), a.
(Bot.) See Cymbiform.
Boat" shell` (/). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A marine gastropod of the genus
Crepidula. The species are numerous. It is so named
from its form and interior deck. (b) A marine
univalve shell of the genus Cymba.
Boats"man (?), n. A
boatman. [Archaic]
Boat"swain (?), n.
[Boat + swain.] 1.
(Naut.) An officer who has charge of the boats,
sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables, cordage, etc., of a
ship, and who also summons the crew, and performs other
duties.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The jager
gull. (b) The tropic bird.
Boatswain's mate, an assistant of the
boatswain.
Totten.
Boat"-tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large grackle or blackbird
(Quiscalus major), found in the Southern United
States.
Boat"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Boatwomen (/). A woman who
manages a boat.
Bob (?), n. [An onomatopoetic
word, expressing quick, jerky motion; OE. bob bunch,
bobben to strike, mock, deceive. Cf. Prov. Eng.
bob, n., a ball, an engine beam, bunch, blast, trick,
taunt, scoff; as, a v., to dance, to courtesy, to disappoint, OF.
bober to mock.] 1. Anything that
hangs so as to play loosely, or with a short abrupt motion, as at
the end of a string; a pendant; as, the bob at the
end of a kite's tail.
In jewels dressed and at each ear a bob.
Dryden.
2. A knot of worms, or of rags, on a string, used
in angling, as for eels; formerly, a worm suitable for
bait.
Or yellow bobs, turned up before the plow,
Are chiefest baits, with cork and lead enow.
Lauson.
3. A small piece of cork or light wood attached to
a fishing line to show when a fish is biting; a float.
4. The ball or heavy part of a pendulum; also, the
ball or weight at the end of a plumb line.
5. A small wheel, made of leather, with rounded
edges, used in polishing spoons, etc.
6. A short, jerking motion; act of bobbing; as,
a bob of the head.
7. (Steam Engine) A working beam.
8. A knot or short curl of hair; also, a bob
wig.
A plain brown bob he wore.
Shenstone.
9. A peculiar mode of ringing changes on
bells.
10. The refrain of a song.
To bed, to bed, will be the bob of the song.
L'Estrange.
11. A blow; a shake or jog; a rap, as with the
fist.
12. A jeer or flout; a sharp jest or taunt; a
trick.
He that a fool doth very wisely hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob.
Shak.
13. A shilling. [Slang, Eng.]
Dickens.
Bob (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Bobbed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bobbing.] [OE.
bobben. See Bob, n.]
1. To cause to move in a short, jerking manner; to
move (a thing) with a bob. \'bdHe bobbed his
head.\'b8
W. Irving.
2. To strike with a quick, light blow; to
tap.
If any man happened by long sitting to sleep . . . he was
suddenly bobbed on the face by the servants.
Elyot.
3. To cheat; to gain by fraud or cheating; to
filch.
Gold and jewels that I bobbed from him.
Shak.
4. To mock or delude; to cheat.
To play her pranks, and bob the fool,
The shrewish wife began.
Turbervile.
5. To cut short; as, to bob the hair,
or a horse's tail.
Bob, v. i. 1. To have a short,
jerking motion; to play to and fro, or up and down; to play
loosely against anything. \'bdBobbing and
courtesying.\'b8
Thackeray.
2. To angle with a bob. See Bob,
n., 2 & 3.
He ne'er had learned the art to bob
For anything but eels.
Saxe.
To bob at an apple, cherry,
etc. to attempt to bite or seize with the mouth an
apple, cherry, or other round fruit, while it is swinging from a
string or floating in a tug of water.
\'d8Bo"bac (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The Poland marmot (Arctomys
bobac).
Bo*bance" (#), n. [OF.
bobance, F. bombance, boasting, pageantry,
fr. L. bombus a humming, buzzing.] A
boasting. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bob"ber (?), n. One who, or
that which, bobs.
Bob"ber*y (?), n. [Prob. an
Anglo-Indian form of Hindi b\'bep re O thou father! (a
very disrespectful address).] A squabble; a tumult; a
noisy disturbance; as, to raise a
bobbery. [Low]
Halliwell.
Bob"bin (?), n. [F.
bobine; of uncertain origin; cf. L. bombus
a humming, from the noise it makes, or Ir. & Gael.
baban tassel, or E. bob.] 1.
A small pin, or cylinder, formerly of bone, now most
commonly of wood, used in the making of pillow lace. Each thread
is wound on a separate bobbin which hangs down holding the thread
at a slight tension.
2. A spool or reel of various material and
construction, with a head at one or both ends, and sometimes with
a hole bored through its length by which it may be placed on a
spindle or pivot. It is used to hold yarn or thread, as in
spinning or warping machines, looms, sewing machines, etc.
3. The little rounded piece of wood, at the end of
a latch string, which is pulled to raise the latch.
4. (Haberdashery) A fine cord or narrow
braid.
5. (Elec.) A cylindrical or spool-shaped
coil or insulated wire, usually containing a core of soft iron
which becomes magnetic when the wire is traversed by an
electrical current.
Bobbin and fly frame, a roving machine.
-- Bobbin lace, lace made on a pillow with
bobbins; pillow lace.
Bob`bi*net" (?), n.
[Bobbin + net.] A kind of
cotton lace which is wrought by machines, and not by hand./def>
[Sometimes written bobbin net.]<
The English machine-made net is now confined to point net,
warp net, and bobbin net, so called from the peculiar
construction of the machines by which they are produced.
Tomlinsom.
Bob"bin*work` (?), n. Work
woven with bobbins.
Bob"bish (?), a. Hearty; in
good spirits. [Low, Eng.]
Dickens.
Bob"by (?), n. A nickname for a
policeman; -- from Sir Robert Peel, who remodeled the
police force. See Peeler. [Slang, Eng.]
Dickens.
Bob"-cher`ry (?), n. A play
among children, in which a cherry, hung so as to bob against the
mouth, is to be caught with the teeth.
Bob"fly` (?), n.
(Fishing) The fly at the end of the leader; an
end fly.
Bob"o*link` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An American singing bird
(Dolichonyx oryzivorus). The male is black and white;
the female is brown; -- called also, ricebird,
reedbird, and
Boblincoln.
The happiest bird of our spring is the
bobolink.
W. Irving.
{ Bob"sled` (?), Bob"sleigh`
} (?), n. A short sled, mostly
used as one of a pair connected by a reach or coupling; also, the
compound sled so formed. [U. S.]
The long wagon body set on bobsleds.
W. D. Howells.
Bob"stay` (/), n.
[Bob + stay.] (Naut.)
A rope or chain to confine the bowsprit of a ship downward
to the stem or cutwater; -- usually in the pl.
Bob"tail` (?), n.
[Bob + tail.] An animal (as
a horse or dog) with a short tail.
Rag, tag, and
bobtail, the rabble.
Bob"tail`, a. Bobtailed.
\'bdBobtail cur.\'b8
Marryat.
Bob"tailed` (/), a. Having
the tail cut short, or naturally short; curtailed; as, a
bobtailed horse or dog; a bobtailed
coat.
Bob"white` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common qua/ of North America
(Colinus, or Ortyx, Virginianus); -- so called from
its note.
Bob" wig` (/). A short wig with bobs or
short curls; -- called also bobtail wig.
Spectator.
Bo"cal (?), n. [F.]
A cylindrical glass vessel, with a large and short
neck.
Bo*car"do (?), n. [A mnemonic
word.] 1. (Logic) A form of
syllogism of which the first and third propositions are
particular negatives, and the middle term a universal
affirmative.
Baroko and Bocardo have been stumbling blocks to
the logicians.
Bowen.
2. A prison; -- originally the name of the old
north gate in Oxford, which was used as a prison.
[Eng.]
Latimer.
Boc"a*sine (?), n. [F.
bocassin, boucassin.] A sort of
fine buckram.
\'d8Boc"ca (?), n. [It.,
mouth.] The round hole in the furnace of a glass
manufactory through which the fused glass is taken out.
Craig.
Boce (?), n. [L.
box, bocis, Gr. /,
/.] (Zo\'94l.) A European fish
(Box vulgaris), having a compressed body and bright
colors; -- called also box, and
bogue.
Bock" beer` (/). [G.
bockbier; bock a buck + bier
beer; -- said to be so named from its tendency to cause the
drinker to caper like a goat.] A strong beer,
originally made in Bavaria. [Also written buck
beer.]
Bock"e*let (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of long-winged hawk; -- called
also bockerel, and
bockeret. [Obs.]
Bock"ey (?), n. [D.
bokaal.] A bowl or vessel made from a
gourd. [Local, New York]
Bartlett.
Bock"ing, n. A coarse woolen fabric,
used for floor cloths, to cover carpets, etc.; -- so called from
the town of Bocking, in England, where it was first
made.
Bock"land (?), n. See
Bookland.
Bod"dice (?), n. See
Bodick.
Bode (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boded; p. pr. &
vb. n. Boding.] [OE.
bodien, AS. bodian to announce, tell from
bod command; akin to Icel. bo/a to
announce, Sw. b\'86da to announce, portend. Bid.] To indicate by signs, as future
events; to be the omen of; to portend to presage; to
foreshow.
A raven that bodes nothing but mischief.
Goldsmith.
Good onset bodes good end.
Spenser.
Bode, v. i. To foreshow something; to
augur.
Whatever now
The omen proved, it boded well to you.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To forebode; foreshadow; augur; betoken.
Bode, n. 1. An omen; a
foreshadowing. [Obs.]
The owl eke, that of death the bode bringeth.
Chaucer.
2. A bid; an offer. [Obs. or
Dial.]
Sir W. Scott
Bode, n. [AS. boda; akin to
OFries. boda, AS. bodo, OHG.
boto. See Bode, v. t.]
A messenger; a herald.
Robertson.
Bode, n. [See Abide.]
A stop; a halting; delay. [Obs.]
Bode, imp. & p. p. from Bide.
Abode.
There that night they bode.
Tennyson.
Bode, p. p. of Bid. Bid or
bidden. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bode"ful (?), a. Portentous;
ominous.
Carlyle.
Bode"ment (?), n. An omen; a
prognostic. [Obs.]
This foolish, dreaming, superstitious girl
Makes all these bodements.
Shak.
Bodge (?), n. A botch; a
patch. [Dial.]
Whitlock.
Bodge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bodged
(#).] To botch; to mend clumsily; to
patch. [Obs. or Dial.]
Bodge, v. i. See Budge.
Bo"di*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large food fish (Diagramma
lineatum), native of the East Indies.
Bod"ice (?), n. [This is
properly the plural of body, Oe. bodise a
pair of bodies, equiv. to a bodice. Cf. Corset, and see
Body.] 1. A kind of under waist
stiffened with whalebone, etc., worn esp. by women; a corset;
stays.
2. A close-fitting outer waist or vest forming the
upper part of a woman's dress, or a portion of it.
Her bodice half way she unlaced.
Prior.
Bod"iced (?), a. Wearing a
bodice.
Thackeray.
Bod"ied (?), a. Having a body;
-- usually in composition; as,
able-bodied.
A doe . . . not altogether so fat, but very good flesh and
good bodied.
Hakluyt.
Bod"i*less (?), a. 1.
Having no body.
2. Without material form; incorporeal.
Phantoms bodiless and vain.
Swift.
Bod"i*li*ness (?), n.
Corporeality.
Minsheu.
Bod"i*ly (?), a. 1.
Having a body or material form; physical; corporeal;
consisting of matter.
You are a mere spirit, and have no knowledge of the
bodily part of us.
Tatler.
2. Of or pertaining to the body, in distinction
from the mind. \'bdBodily defects.\'b8
L'Estrange.
3. Real; actual; put in execution.
[Obs.]
Be brought to bodily act.
Shak.
Bodily fear, apprehension of physical
injury.
Syn. -- See Corporal.
Bod"i*ly, adv. 1. Corporeally;
in bodily form; united with a body or matter; in the body.
For in him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead
bodily.
Col. ii. 9
2. In respect to, or so as to affect, the entire
body or mass; entirely; all at once; completely; as, to carry
away bodily. \'bdLeapt bodily below.\'b8
Lowell.
<-- p. 162 -->
Bod"ing (?), a. Foreshowing;
presaging; ominous. -- Bod"ing*ly,
adv.
Bod"ing, n. A prognostic; an omen; a
foreboding.
Bod"kin (?), n. [OE.
boydekyn dagger; of uncertain origin; cf. W.
bidog hanger, short sword, Ir. bideog,
Gael. biodag.] 1. A dagger.
[Obs.]
When he himself might his quietus make
With a bare bodkin.
Shak.
2. (Needlework) An implement of steel,
bone, ivory, etc., with a sharp point, for making holes by
piercing; a /tiletto; an eyeleteer.
3. (Print.) A sharp tool, like an awl,
used for picking /ut letters from a column or page in making
corrections.
4. A kind of needle with a large eye and a blunt
point, for drawing tape, ribbon, etc., through a loop or a hem; a
tape needle.
Wedged whole ages in a bodkin's eye.
Pope.
5. A kind of pin used by women to fasten the
hair.
To sit, ride, or travel
bodkin, to sit closely wedged between two
persons. [Colloq.]
Thackeray.
Bod"kin, n. See Baudekin.
[Obs.]
Shirley.
Bo"dle (?), n. A small Scotch
coin worth about one sixth of an English penny.
Sir W. Scott.
Bod"lei*an, a. Of or pertaining to Sir
Thomas Bodley, or to the celebrated library at Oxford, founded by
him in the sixteenth century.
Bo*dock" (?), n. [Corrupt. fr.
bois d'arc.] The Osage orange.
[Southwestern U.S.]
Bod"rage (?), n. [Prob. of
Celtic origin: cf. Bordrage.] A raid.
[Obs.]
Bod"y (?), n.; pl.
Bodies (#). [OE. bodi,
AS. bodig; akin to OHG. botah. Bodice.]
1. The material organized substance of an animal,
whether living or dead, as distinguished from the spirit, or
vital principle; the physical person.
Absent in body, but present in spirit.
1 Cor. v. 3
For of the soul the body form doth take.
For soul is form, and doth the body make.
Spenser.
2. The trunk, or main part, of a person or animal,
as distinguished from the limbs and head; the main, central, or
principal part, as of a tree, army, country, etc.
Who set the body and the limbs
Of this great sport together?
Shak.
The van of the king's army was led by the general; . . . in
the body was the king and the prince.
Clarendon.
Rivers that run up into the body of Italy.
Addison.
3. The real, as opposed to the symbolical; the
substance, as opposed to the shadow.
Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body
is of Christ.
Col. ii. 17.
4. A person; a human being; -- frequently in
composition; as, anybody,
nobody.
A dry, shrewd kind of a body.
W. Irving.
5. A number of individuals spoken of collectively,
usually as united by some common tie, or as organized for some
purpose; a collective whole or totality; a corporation; as, a
legislative body; a clerical body.
A numerous body led unresistingly to the
slaughter.
Prescott.
6. A number of things or particulars embodied in a
system; a general collection; as, a great body of
facts; a body of laws or of divinity.
7. Any mass or portion of matter; any substance
distinct from others; as, a metallic body; a moving
body; an a\'89riform body. \'bdA
body of cold air.\'b8
Huxley.
By collision of two bodies, grind
The air attrite to fire.
Milton.
8. Amount; quantity; extent.
9. That part of a garment covering the body, as
distinguished from the parts covering the limbs.
10. The bed or box of a vehicle, on or in which the
load is placed; as, a wagon body; a cart
body.
11. (Print.) The shank of a type, or the
depth of the shank (by which the size is indicated); as, a
nonpareil face on an agate body.
12. (Geom.) A figure that has length,
breadth, and thickness; any solid figure.
13. Consistency; thickness; substance; strength;
as, this color has body; wine of a good
body.
bear a body when they are capable
of being ground so fine, and of being mixed so entirely with oil,
as to seem only a very thick oil of the same color.
After body (Naut.), the part of a
ship abaft the dead flat. -- Body cavity
(Anat.), the space between the walls of the body
and the inclosed viscera; the c\'91lum; -- in mammals, divided by
the diaphragm into thoracic and abdominal cavities. --
Body of a church, the nave. -- Body
cloth; pl. Body cloths, a
cloth or blanket for covering horses. -- Body
clothes. (pl.) 1. Clothing for
the body; esp. underclothing. 2. Body cloths
for horses. [Obs.] Addison. --
Body coat, a gentleman's dress coat. --
Body color (Paint.), a pigment that has
consistency, thickness, or body, in distinction from a tint or
wash. -- Body of a law (Law), the
main and operative part. -- Body louse
(Zo\'94l.), a species of louse (Pediculus
vestimenti), which sometimes infests the human body and
clothes. See Grayback. -- Body plan
(Shipbuilding), an end elevation, showing the
conbour of the sides of a ship at certain points of her
length. -- Body politic, the collective body
of a nation or state as politically organized, or as exercising
political functions; also, a corporation. Wharton.
As to the persons who compose the body politic or
associate themselves, they take collectively the name of
\'bdpeople\'b8, or \'bdnation\'b8.
Bouvier.
-- Body servant, a valet. -- The bodies
seven (Alchemy), the metals corresponding to
the planets. [Obs.]
Sol gold is, and Luna silver we threpe (=call), Mars yren
(=iron), Mercurie quicksilver we clepe, Saturnus lead, and
Jupiter is tin, and Venus coper.
Chaucer.
-- Body snatcher, one who secretly removes
without right or authority a dead body from a grave, vault, etc.;
a resurrectionist. -- Body snatching
(Law), the unauthorized removal of a dead body
from the grave; usually for the purpose of dissection.
Bod"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bodied (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bodying.] To
furnish with, or as with, a body; to produce in definite shape;
to embody.
To body forth, to give from or shape to
mentally.
Imagination bodies forth
The forms of things unknown.
Shak.
Bod"y*guard` (/), n. 1.
A guard to protect or defend the person; a lifeguard.
2. Retinue; attendance; following.
Bp. Porteus.
B\'d2*o"tian (?), a. [L.
Boeotia, Gr. /, noted for its moist,
thick atmosphere, and the dullness and stupidity of its
inhabitants.] Of or pertaining to B\'d2otia; hence,
stupid; dull; obtuse. -- n. A native
of B\'d2otia; also, one who is dull and ignorant.
\'d8Boer (?), n. [D., a farmer.
See Boor.] A colonist or farmer in South
Africa of Dutch descent.
Bo"es (?), 3d sing. pr. of
Behove. Behoves or behooves.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bog (?), n. [Ir. & Gael.
bog soft, tender, moist: cf. Ir. bogach bog, moor,
marsh, Gael. bogan quagmire.]
1. A quagmire filled with decayed moss and other
vegetable matter; wet spongy ground where a heavy body is apt to
sink; a marsh; a morass.
Appalled with thoughts of bog, or caverned pit,
Of treacherous earth, subsiding where they tread.
R. Jago.
2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots,
and grass, in a marsh or swamp. [Local, U. S.]
Bog bean. See Buck bean. --
Bog bumper (bump, to make a loud noise),
Bog blitter, Bog bluiter, Bog
jumper, the bittern. [Prov.]
-- Bog butter, a hydrocarbon of butterlike
consistence found in the peat bogs of Ireland. -- Bog
earth (Min.), a soil composed for the most
part of silex and partially decomposed vegetable fiber. P.
Cyc. -- Bog moss. (Bot.) Same
as Sphagnum. -- Bog myrtle
(Bot.), the sweet gale. -- Bog
ore. (Min.) (a) An ore of iron
found in boggy or swampy land; a variety of brown iron ore, or
limonite. (b) Bog manganese, the hydrated peroxide of
manganese. -- Bog rush (Bot.), any
rush growing in bogs; saw grass. -- Bog spavin.
See under Spavin.
Bog, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bogged (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bogging.] To sink, as into a bog; to
submerge in a bog; to cause to sink and stick, as in mud and
mire.
At another time, he was bogged up to the middle in
the slough of Lochend.
Sir W. Scott.
Bog"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.)
The small cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccus), which
grows in boggy places.
Bo"gey (?), n. A goblin; a
bugbear. See Bogy.
Bog"gard (?), n. A bogey.
[Local, Eng.]
Bog"gle (?), v. i.
[imp & p. p. Boggled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Boggling
(#).] [ See Bogle,
n.] 1. To stop or hesitate as if
suddenly frightened, or in doubt, or impeded by unforeseen
difficulties; to take alarm; to exhibit hesitancy and
indecision.
We start and boggle at every unusual
appearance.
Glanvill.
Boggling at nothing which serveth their
purpose.
Barrow.
2. To do anything awkwardly or unskillfully.
3. To play fast and loose; to dissemble.
Howell.
Syn. -- To doubt; hesitate; shrink; stickle; demur.
Bog"gle, v. t. To embarrass with
difficulties; to make a bungle or botch of. [Local,
U. S.]
Bog"gler (?), n. One who
boggles.
Bog"glish (?), a. Doubtful;
skittish. [Obs.]
Bog"gy (?), a. Consisting of,
or containing, a bog or bogs; of the nature of a bog; swampy;
as, boggy land.
Bo"gie (?), n. [A dialectic
word. N. of Eng. & Scot.] A four-wheeled truck,
having a certain amount of play around a vertical axis, used to
support in part a locomotive on a railway track.
Bo"gle (?), n. [Scot. and North
Eng. bogle, bogill, bugill,
specter; as a verb, to terrify, fr. W. bwgwl
threatening, fear, bwg, bwgan, specter,
hobgoblin. Cf. Bug.] A goblin; a specter; a
frightful phantom; a bogy; a bugbear. [Written also
boggle.]
Bog"suck`er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American woodcock; -- so called
from its feeding among the bogs.
Bog"trot`ter (?), n. One who
lives in a boggy country; -- applied in derision to the lowest
class of Irish.
Halliwell.
Bog"trot`ting (?), a. Living
among bogs.
Bogue (?), v. i. (Naut.)
To fall off from the wind; to edge away to leeward; -- said
only of inferior craft.
Bogue (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The boce; -- called also bogue bream. See
Boce.
Bo"gus (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Spurious; fictitious; sham; -- a cant term
originally applied to counterfeit coin, and hence denoting
anything counterfeit. [Colloq. U. S.]
Bo"gus, n. A liquor made of rum and
molasses. [Local, U. S.]
Bartlett.
Bog"wood` (?), n. The wood of
trees, esp. of oaks, dug up from peat bogs. It is of a shining
black or ebony color, and is largely used for making
ornaments.
Bo"gy (?), n.; pl.
Bogies (#). [See
Bogle.] A specter; a hobgoblin; a
bugbear. \'bdDeath's heads and bogies.\'b8
J. H. Newman. [Written also
bogey.]
There are plenty of such foolish attempts at playing
bogy in the history of savages.
C. Kingsley.
Bo*hea" (?), n. [From
Wu-i, pronounced by the Chinese bu-i, the
name of the hills where this kind of tea is grown.]
Bohea tea, an inferior kind of black tea. See under
Tea.
Bo*he"mi*a (?), n. 1.
A country of central Europe.
2. Fig.: The region or community of social
Bohemians. See Bohemian, n., 3.
She knew every one who was any one in the land of
Bohemia.
Compton Reade.
Bo*he"mi*an (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to Bohemia, or to the language of its
ancient inhabitants or their descendants. See Bohemian,
n., 2.
2. Of or pertaining to a social gypsy or
\'bdBohemian\'b8 (see Bohemian, n., 3);
vagabond; unconventional; free and easy.
[Modern]
Hers was a pleasant Bohemian life till she was five
and thirty.
Blackw. Mag.
Artists have abandoned their Bohemian manners and
customs nowadays.
W. Black.
Bohemian chatterer, Bohemian
waxwing (Zo\'94l.), a small bird of
Europe and America (Ampelis garrulus); the
waxwing. -- Bohemian glass, a variety of hard
glass of fine quality, made in Bohemia. It is of variable
composition, containing usually silica, lime, and potash, rarely
soda, but no lead. It is often remarkable for beauty of
color.
Bo*he"mi*an (?), n. 1.
A native of Bohemia.
2. The language of the Czechs (the ancient
inhabitants of Bohemia), the richest and most developed of the
dialects of the Slavic family.
3. A restless vagabond; -- originally, an idle
stroller or gypsy (as in France) thought to have come from
Bohemia; in later times often applied to an adventurer in art or
literature, of irregular, unconventional habits, questionable
tastes, or free morals. [Modern]
boh\'82mien, a gypsy; also, a person of irregular
habits.
She was of a wild, roving nature, inherited from father and
mother, who were both Bohemians by taste and
circumstances.
Thackeray.
Bo*he"mi*an*ism (?), n. The
characteristic conduct or methods of a Bohemian.
[Modern]
\'d8Bo"hun u"pas (?). See
Upas.
\'d8Bo*iar" (?), n. See
Boyar.
Boil (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Boiled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Boiling.]
[OE. boilen, OF. boilir,
builir, F. bouillir, fr. L.
bullire to be in a bubbling motion, from
bulla bubble; akin to Gr. /, Lith.
bumbuls. Cf. Bull an edict, Budge,
v., and Ebullition.] 1.
To be agitated, or tumultuously moved, as a liquid by the
generation and rising of bubbles of steam (or vapor), or of
currents produced by heating it to the boiling point; to be in a
state of ebullition; as, the water boils.
2. To be agitated like boiling water, by any other
cause than heat; to bubble; to effervesce; as, the
boiling waves.
He maketh the deep to boil like a pot.
Job xii. 31.
3. To pass from a liquid to an a\'89riform state or
vapor when heated; as, the water boils
away.
4. To be moved or excited with passion; to be hot
or fervid; as, his blood boils with
anger.
Then boiled my breast with flame and burning
wrath.
Surrey.
5. To be in boiling water, as in cooking; as,
the potatoes are boiling.
To boil away, to vaporize; to evaporate or be
evaporated by the action of heat. -- To boil
over, to run over the top of a vessel, as liquid when
thrown into violent agitation by heat or other cause of
effervescence; to be excited with ardor or passion so as to lose
self-control.
Boil, v. t. 1. To heat to the
boiling point, or so as to cause ebullition; as, to
boil water.
2. To form, or separate, by boiling or evaporation;
as, to boil sugar or salt.
3. To subject to the action of heat in a boiling
liquid so as to produce some specific effect, as cooking,
cleansing, etc.; as, to boil meat; to boil
clothes.
The stomach cook is for the hall,
And boileth meate for them all.
Gower.
4. To steep or soak in warm water.
[Obs.]
To try whether seeds be old or new, the sense can not inform;
but if you boil them in water, the new seeds will
sprout sooner.
Bacon.
To boil down, to reduce in bulk by boiling;
as, to boil down sap or sirup.
Boil, n. Act or state of boiling.
[Colloq.]
Boil, n. [Influenced by boil,
v. See Beal, Bile.] A hard, painful,
inflamed tumor, which, on suppuration, discharges pus, mixed with
blood, and discloses a small fibrous mass of dead tissue, called
the core.
A blind boil, one that suppurates imperfectly,
or fails to come to a head. -- Delhi boil
(Med.), a peculiar affection of the skin, probably
parasitic in origin, prevailing in India (as among the British
troops) and especially at Delhi.
Boil"a*ry (?), n. See
Boilery.
Boiled (?), a. Dressed or
cooked by boiling; subjected to the action of a boiling liquid;
as, boiled meat; a boiled dinner;
boiled clothes.
Boil"er (?), n. 1. One
who boils.
2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled.
boiler is a generic term
covering a great variety of kettles, saucepans, clothes boilers,
evaporators, coppers, retorts, etc.
3. (Mech.) A strong metallic vessel,
usually of wrought iron plates riveted together, or a composite
structure variously formed, in which steam is generated for
driving engines, or for heating, cooking, or other
purposes.
wagon boiler (shaped like the top of a covered
wagon) which is still used with low pressures. Most of the
boilers in present use may be classified as plain cylinder
boilers, flue boilers, sectional and
tubular boilers.
Barrel of a boiler, the cylindrical part
containing the flues. -- Boiler plate,
Boiler iron, plate or rolled iron of about
a quarter to a half inch in thickness, used for making boilers
and tanks, for covering ships, etc. -- Cylinder
boiler, one which consists of a single iron
cylinder. -- Flue boilers are usually single
shells containing a small number of large flues, through which
the heat either passes from the fire or returns to the chimney,
and sometimes containing a fire box inclosed by water. --
Locomotive boiler, a boiler which contains an
inclosed fire box and a large number of small flues leading to
the chimney. -- Multiflue boiler. Same as
Tubular boiler, below. -- Sectional
boiler, a boiler composed of a number of sections,
which are usually of small capacity and similar to, and connected
with, each other. By multiplication of the sections a boiler of
any desired capacity can be built up. -- Tubular
boiler, a boiler containing tubes which form flues, and
are surrounded by the water contained in the boiler. See
Illust. of Steam boiler, under
Steam. -- Tubulous boiler. See under
Tubulous. See Tube, n., 6, and 1st
Flue.
<-- p. 163 -->
Boil"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F.
bouillerie.] A place and apparatus for
boiling, as for evaporating brine in salt making.
Boil"ing, a. Heated to the point of
bubbling; heaving with bubbles; in tumultuous agitation, as
boiling liquid; surging; seething; swelling with heat, ardor, or
passion.
Boiling point, the temperature at which a
fluid is converted into vapor, with the phenomena of ebullition.
This is different for different liquids, and for the same liquid
under different pressures. For water, at the level of the sea,
barometer 30 in., it is 212 --
Boiling spring, a spring which gives out very hot
water, or water and steam, often ejecting it with much force; a
geyser. -- To be at the boiling point, to be
very angry. -- To keep the pot boiling, to
keep going on actively, as in certain games.
[Colloq.]
Boil"ing, n. 1. The act of
ebullition or of tumultuous agitation.
2. Exposure to the action of a hot liquid.
Boil"ing*ly, adv. With boiling or
ebullition.
And lakes of bitumen rise boiling higher.
Byron.
\'d8Bois" d'arc" (?). [F., bow wood. So
called because used for bows by the Western Indians.]
(Bot.) The Osage orange (Maclura
aurantiaca).
The bois d'arc seems to be the characteristic
growth of the black prairies.
U. S. Census (1880).
\'d8Bois" dur`ci" (?). [F., hardened
wood.] A hard, highly polishable composition, made of
fine sawdust from hard wood (as rosewood) mixed with blood, and
pressed.
Boist (?), n. [OF.
boiste, F. bo\'8cte, from the same root as
E. box.] A box. [Obs.]
Bois"ter*ous (?), a. [OE.
boistous; of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwyst
wild, savage, wildness, ferocity, bwystus
ferocious.] 1. Rough or rude; unbending;
unyielding; strong; powerful. [Obs.]
\'bdBoisterous sword.\'b8 \'bdBoisterous
hand.\'b8
Shak.
2. Exhibiting tumultuous violence and fury; acting
with noisy turbulence; violent; rough; stormy.
The waters swell before a boisterous storm.
Shak.
The brute and boisterous force of violent men.
Milton.
3. Noisy; rough; turbulent; as,
boisterous mirth; boisterous
behavior.
I like not that loud, boisterous man.
Addison.
4. Vehement; excessive. [R.]
The heat becomes too powerful and boisterous for
them.
Woodward.
Syn. -- Loud; roaring; violent; stormy; turbulent; furious;
tumultuous; noisy; impetuous; vehement.
Bois"ter*ous*ly, adv. In a boisterous
manner.
Bois"ter*ous*ness, n. The state or
quality of being boisterous; turbulence; disorder;
tumultuousness.
Bois"tous (?), a. Rough or
rude; coarse; strong; violent; boisterous; noisy.
[Obs.] Chaucer. --
Bois"tous*ly, adv. --
Bois"tous*ness, n.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
Bo*ja"nus or"gan (?). [From
Bojanus, the discoverer.] (Zo\'94l.)
A glandular organ of bivalve mollusca, serving in part as a
kidney.
Bo"ka*dam` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Cerberus.
Boke, v. t. & i. To poke; to
thrust. [Obs. or Dial.]
Bo"lar (?), a. [See
Bole clay.] Of or pertaining to bole or clay;
partaking of the nature and qualities of bole; clayey.
\'d8Bo"las (?), n. sing. & pl.
[Sp.] A kind of missile weapon consisting of one,
two, or more balls of stone, iron, or other material, attached to
the ends of a leather cord; -- used by the Gauchos of South
America, and others, for hurling at and entangling an
animal.
Bold (?), a. [OE.
bald, bold, AS. bald,
beald; akin to Icel. ballr, OHG.
bald, MHG. balt, D. boud, Goth.
bal/ei boldness, It. baldo. In Ger. there
remains only bald, adv. soon. Cf. Bawd,
n.] 1. Forward to meet danger;
venturesome; daring; not timorous or shrinking from risk; brave;
courageous.
Throngs of knights and barons bold.
Milton.
2. Exhibiting or requiring spirit and contempt of
danger; planned with courage; daring; vigorous. \'bdThe
bold design leased highly.\'b8
Milton.
3. In a bad sense, too forward; taking undue
liberties; over assuming or confident; lacking proper modesty or
restraint; rude; impudent.
Thou art too wild, too rude and bold of voice.
Shak.
4. Somewhat overstepping usual bounds, or
conventional rules, as in art, literature, etc.; taking liberties
in o composition or expression; as, the figures of an author
are bold. \'bdBold tales.\'b8
Waller.
The cathedral church is a very bold work.
Addison.
5. Standing prominently out to view; markedly
conspicuous; striking the eye; in high relief.
Shadows in painting . . . make the figure
bolder.
Dryden.
6. Steep; abrupt; prominent.
Where the bold cape its warning forehead rears.
Trumbull.
Bold eagle (?), (Zo\'94l.) an
Australian eagle (Aquila audax), which destroys lambs
and even the kangaroo. -- To make bold,
to take liberties or the liberty; to venture.
Syn. -- Courageous; daring; brave; intrepid; fearless;
dauntless; valiant; manful; audacious; stouthearted;
high-spirited; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward;
impudent.
Bold (?), v. t. To make bold or
daring. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bold, v. i. To be or become bold.
[Obs.]
Bold"en (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boldened
(#). ] To make bold; to encourage; to
embolden.
Ready speakers, being boldened with their present
abilities to say more, . . . use less help of diligence and
study.
Ascham.
Bold"-faced` (/), a. 1.
Somewhat impudent; lacking modesty; as, a
bold-faced woman.
I have seen enough to confute all the bold-faced
atheists of this age.
Bramhall.
2. (Print.) Having a conspicuous or
heavy face.
This line is bold-faced
nonpareil.
Bold"ly, adv. [AS.
bealdl\'c6ce.] In a bold manner.
Bold"ness, n. The state or quality of
being bold.
Syn. -- Courage; bravery; intrepidity; dauntlessness;
hardihood; assurance.
{ \'d8Bol"do (?), \'d8Bol"du
(?), } n. (Bot.) A
fragrant evergreen shrub of Chili (Peumus Boldus). The
bark is used in tanning, the wood for making charcoal, the leaves
in medicine, and the drupes are eaten.
Bole (?), n. [OE.
bole, fr. Icel. bolr; akin to Sw.
b\'86l, Dan. bul, trunk, stem of a tree, G.
bohle a thick plank or board; cf. LG. boll
round. Cf. Bulge.] The trunk or stem of a
tree, or that which is like it.
Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean.
Tennyson.
Bole, n. [Etym. doubtful.] An
aperture, with a wooden shutter, in the wall of a house, for
giving, occasionally, air or light; also, a small closet.
[Scot.]
Open the bole wi'speed, that I may see if this be
the right Lord Geraldin.
Sir W. Scott.
Bole, n. A measure. See Boll,
n., 2.
Mortimer.
Bole, n. [Gr. / a clod or
lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L.
bolus morsel. Cf. Bolus.] 1.
Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually
colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to
color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in
medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of
alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See Clay, and
Terra alba.
2. A bolus; a dose.
Coleridge.
Armenian bole. See under
Armenian. -- Bole Armoniac, or
Armoniak, Armenian bole.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bo*lec"tion (?), n.
(Arch.) A projecting molding round a panel. Same
as Bilection.
Gwilt.
\'d8Bo*le"ro (?), n.
[Sp.] (Mus.) A Spanish dance, or the
lively music which accompanies it.
Bo*let"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or obtained from, the
Boletus.
Boletic acid, an acid obtained from the
Boletus fomentarius, variety
pseudo-igniarius. Same as Fumaric
acid.
\'d8Bo*le"tus (?), n. [L.
boletus, Gr. /.] (Bot.)
A genus of fungi having the under side of the pileus or cap
composed of a multitude of fine separate tubes. A few are edible,
and others very poisonous.
{ Bo"ley, Bo"lye } (?),
n. Same as Booly.
Bo"lide (?), n. [F. See
Bolis.] A kind of meteor; a bolis.
\'d8Bo"lis, n. [L., fr. Gr.
/ missile, arrow, fr. / to
throw.] A meteor or brilliant shooting star, followed
by a train of light or sparks; esp. one which explodes.
Bo*liv"i*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bolivia. -- n. A
native of Bolivia.
Boll (?), n. [OE.
bolle boll, bowl, AS. bolla. See
Bowl a vessel.] 1. The pod or
capsule of a plant, as of flax or cotton; a pericarp of a
globular form.
2. A Scotch measure, formerly in use: for wheat and
beans it contained four Winchester bushels; for oats, barley, and
potatoes, six bushels. A boll of meal is 140 lbs. avoirdupois.
Also, a measure for salt of two bushels. [Sometimes
spelled bole.]
Boll, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bolled (#).] To form
a boll or seed vessel; to go to seed.
The barley was in the ear, and the flax was
bolled.
Ex. ix. 31.
Bol"land*ists (?), n. pl. The
Jesuit editors of the \'bdActa Sanctorum\'b8, or Lives of the
Saints; -- named from John Bolland, who began the work.
Bol"lard (?), n. [Cf.
Bole the stem of a tree, and Pollard.]
An upright wooden or iron post in a boat or on a dock, used
in veering or fastening ropes.
Bollard timber (Naut.), a timber,
also called a knighthead, rising just within the stem
in a ship, on either side of the bowsprit, to secure its
end.
Boll"en (?), a. See
Boln, a.
Boll"ing (?), n. [Cf.
Bole stem of a tree, and Poll, v.
t.] A tree from which the branches have been
cut; a pollard.
Boll"worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The larva of a moth (Heliothis
armigera) which devours the bolls or unripe pods of the
cotton plant, often doing great damage to the crops.
Boln (?), v. i. [OE.
bolnen, bollen; cf. Dan. bulne.
Cf. Bulge.] To swell; to puff.
Holland.
{ Boln (?), Boll"en (?),
} a. Swollen; puffed out.
Thin, and boln out like a sail.
B. Jonson.
Bo*lo"gna (?), n. 1. A
city of Italy which has given its name to various objects.
2. A Bologna sausage.
Bologna sausage [It. salsiccia di
Bologna], a large sausage made of bacon or ham,
veal, and pork, chopped fine and inclosed in a skin. --
Bologna stone (Min.), radiated barite,
or barium sulphate, found in roundish masses composed of
radiating fibers, first discovered near Bologna. It is
phosphorescent when calcined. -- Bologna vial,
a vial of unannealed glass which will fly into pieces when
its surface is scratched by a hard body, as by dropping into it a
fragment of flint; whereas a bullet may be dropped into it
without injury.
Bo*lo`gnese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Bologna. -- n. A
native of Bologna.
Bolognese school (Paint.), a school
of painting founded by the Carracci, otherwise called the Lombard
or Eclectic school, the object of which was to unite the
excellences of the preceding schools.
Bo*lo"gnian (?), a. & n.
Bolognese.
Bolognian stone. See Bologna stone,
under Bologna.
Bo*lom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr.
/ a stroke, ray + -meter.]
(Physics) An instrument for measuring minute
quantities of radiant heat, especially in different parts of the
spectrum; -- called also actinic balance,
thermic balance.
S. P. Langley.
Bol"ster (?), n. [AS.
bolster; akin to Icel. b/lstr, Sw. & Dan.
bolster, OHG. bolstar, polstar,
G. polster; from the same root as E. bole
stem, bowl hollow vessel. Cf. Bulge,
Poltroon.] 1. A long pillow or
cushion, used to support the head of a person lying on a bed; --
generally laid under the pillows.
And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster,
This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.
Shak.
2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder
pressure, support any part of the body, or make a bandage sit
easy upon a wounded part; a compress.
This arm shall be a bolster for thy head.
Gay.
3. Anything arranged to act as a support, as in
various forms of mechanism, etc.
4. (Saddlery) A cushioned or a piece
part of a saddle.
5. (Naut.) (a) A cushioned or a
piece of soft wood covered with tarred canvas, placed on the
trestletrees and against the mast, for the collars of the shrouds
to rest on, to prevent chafing. (b) Anything
used to prevent chafing.
6. A plate of iron or a mass of wood under the end
of a bridge girder, to keep the girder from resting directly on
the abutment.
7. A transverse bar above the axle of a wagon, on
which the bed or body rests.
8. The crossbeam forming the bearing piece of the
body of a railway car; the central and principal cross beam of a
car truck.
9. (Mech.) the perforated plate in a
punching machine on which anything rests when being
punched.
10. (Cutlery) (a) That part of
a knife blade which abuts upon the end of the handle.
(b) The metallic end of a pocketknife handle.
G. Francis.
11. (Arch.) The rolls forming the ends
or sides of the Ionic capital.
G. Francis.
12. (Mil.) A block of wood on the
carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests
when arranged for transportation. [See
Illust. of Gun carriage.]
Bolster work (Arch.), members which
are bellied or curved outward like cushions, as in friezes of
certain classical styles.
Bol"ster, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bolstered (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bolstering.] 1. To support
with a bolster or pillow.
S. Sharp.
2. To support, hold up, or maintain with difficulty
or unusual effort; -- often with up.
To bolster baseness.
Drayton.
Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a
factitious pride.
Compton Reade.
Bol"stered (?), a. 1.
Supported; upheld.
2. Swelled out.
Bol"ster*er (?), n. A
supporter.
Bolt (?), n. [AS.
bolt; akin to Icel. bolti, Dan.
bolt, D. bout, OHG. bolz, G.
bolz, bolzen; of uncertain origin.]
1. A shaft or missile intended to be shot from a
crossbow or catapult, esp. a short, stout, blunt-headed arrow; a
quarrel; an arrow, or that which resembles an arrow; a
dart.
Look that the crossbowmen lack not bolts.
Sir W. Scott.
A fool's bolt is soon shot.
Shak.
2. Lightning; a thunderbolt.
3. A strong pin, of iron or other material, used to
fasten or hold something in place, often having a head at one end
and screw thread cut upon the other end.
4. A sliding catch, or fastening, as for a door or
gate; the portion of a lock which is shot or withdrawn by the
action of the key.
5. An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a
shackle; a fetter. [Obs.]
Away with him to prison!
lay bolts enough upon him.
Shak.
6. A compact package or roll of cloth, as of canvas
or silk, often containing about forty yards.
7. A bundle, as of oziers.
Bolt auger, an auger of large size; an auger
to make holes for the bolts used by shipwrights. --
Bolt and nut, a metallic pin with a head formed
upon one end, and a movable piece (the nut) screwed upon a thread
cut upon the other end. See B, C, and D, in illust.
above.
See Tap bolt, Screw bolt, and Stud
bolt.
Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bolting.] 1. To shoot; to
discharge or drive forth.
<-- p. 164 -->
2. To utter precipitately; to blurt or throw
out.
I hate when Vice can bolt her arguments.
Milton.
3. To swallow without chewing; as, to
bolt food.
4. (U. S. Politics) To refuse to
support, as a nomination made by a party to which one has
belonged or by a caucus in which one has taken part.
5. (Sporting) To cause to start or
spring forth; to dislodge, as conies, rabbits, etc.
6. To fasten or secure with, or as with, a bolt or
bolts, as a door, a timber, fetters; to shackle; to
restrain.
Let tenfold iron bolt my door.
Langhorn.
Which shackles accidents and bolts up change.
Shak.
Bolt (?), v. i. 1. To
start forth like a bolt or arrow; to spring abruptly; to come or
go suddenly; to dart; as, to bolt out of the
room.
This Puck seems but a dreaming dolt, . . .
And oft out of a bush doth bolt.
Drayton.
2. To strike or fall suddenly like a bolt.
His cloudless thunder bolted on their heads.
Milton.
3. To spring suddenly aside, or out of the regular
path; as, the horse bolted.
4. (U.S. Politics) To refuse to support
a nomination made by a party or a caucus with which one has been
connected; to break away from a party.
Bolt, adv. In the manner of a bolt;
suddenly; straight; unbendingly.
[He] came bolt up against the heavy dragoon.
Thackeray.
Bolt upright. (a) Perfectly upright;
perpendicular; straight up; unbendingly erect. Addison.
(b) On the back at full length.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bolt, n. [From Bolt, v.
i.] 1. A sudden spring or start; a
sudden spring aside; as, the horse made a
bolt.
2. A sudden flight, as to escape creditors.
This gentleman was so hopelessly involved that he contemplated
a bolt to America -- or anywhere.
Compton Reade.
3. (U. S. Politics) A refusal to support
a nomination made by the party with which one has been connected;
a breaking away from one's party.
Bolt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bolted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bolting.] [OE. bolten,
boulten, OF. buleter, F. bluter,
fr. Ll. buletare, buratare, cf. F.
bure coarse woolen stuff; fr. L. burrus
red. See Borrel, and cf. Bultel.]
1. To sift or separate the coarser from the finer
particles of, as bran from flour, by means of a bolter; to
separate, assort, refine, or purify by other means.
He now had bolted all the flour.
Spenser.
Ill schooled in bolted language.
Shak.
2. To separate, as if by sifting or bolting; --
with out.
Time and nature will bolt out the truth of
things.
L'Estrange.
3. (Law) To discuss or argue privately,
and for practice, as cases at law.
Jacob.
To bolt to the bran, to examine thoroughly, so
as to separate or discover everything important.
Chaucer.
This bolts the matter fairly to the
bran.
Harte.
The report of the committee was examined and sifted and
bolted to the bran.
Burke.
Bolt, n. A sieve, esp. a long fine sieve
used in milling for bolting flour and meal; a bolter.
B. Jonson.
Bol"tel (?), n. See
Boultel.
Bolt"er (?), n. One who bolts;
esp.: (a) A horse which starts suddenly aside.
(b) A man who breaks away from his party.
Bolt"er, n. 1. One who sifts
flour or meal.
2. An instrument or machine for separating bran
from flour, or the coarser part of meal from the finer; a
sieve.
Bolt"er, n. A kind of fishing line. See
Boulter.
Bolt"head` (/), n. 1.
(Chem.) A long, straightnecked, glass vessel for
chemical distillations; -- called also a
matrass or receiver.
2. The head of a bolt.
Bolt"ing, n. A darting away; a starting
off or aside.
Bolt"ing, n. 1. A sifting, as
of flour or meal.
2. (Law) A private arguing of cases for
practice by students, as in the Inns of Court.
[Obs.]
Bolting cloth, wire, hair, silk, or other
sieve cloth of different degrees of fineness; -- used by millers
for sifting flour. McElrath. -- Bolting
hutch, a bin or tub for the bolted flour or meal;
(fig.) a receptacle.
Bol"ton*ite (?), n.
(Min.) A granular mineral of a grayish or
yellowish color, found in Bolton, Massachusetts. It is a silicate
of magnesium, belonging to the chrysolite family.
Bolt"rope` (/), n.
(Naut.) A rope stitched to the edges of a sail to
strengthen the sail.
Bolt"sprit` (/), n. [A
corruption of bowsprit.] (Naut.)
See Bowsprit.
Bol"ty (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
An edible fish of the Nile (genus Chromis).
[Written also bulti.]
Bo"lus (?), n.; pl.
Boluses (#). [L. bolus
bit, morsel; cf. G. / lump of earth. See
Bole, n., clay.] A rounded mass of
anything, esp. a large pill.
Bom (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A large American serpent, so called from the sound it
makes.
Bomb (?), n. [F.
bombe bombshell, fr. L. bombus a humming or
buzzing noise, Gr. /.]
1. A great noise; a hollow sound.
[Obs.]
A pillar of iron . . . which if you had struck, would make . .
. a great bomb in the chamber beneath.
Bacon.
2. (Mil.) A shell; esp. a spherical
shell, like those fired from mortars. See Shell.
3. A bomb ketch.
Bomb chest (Mil.), a chest filled
with bombs, or only with gunpowder, placed under ground, to cause
destruction by its explosion. -- Bomb
ketch, Bomb vessel (Naut.),
a small ketch or vessel, very strongly built, on which
mortars are mounted to be used in naval bombardments; -- called
also mortar vessel. -- Bomb
lance, a lance or harpoon with an explosive head, used
in whale fishing. -- Volcanic bomb, a mass of
lava of a spherical or pear shape. \'bdI noticed
volcanic bombs.\'b8
Darwin.
Bomb, v. t. To bombard.
[Obs.]
Prior.
Bomb, v. i. [Cf. Boom.]
To sound; to boom; to make a humming or buzzing sound.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bom"bace (?), n. [OF.]
Cotton; padding. [Obs.]
Bom"bard (?), n. [F.
bombarde, LL. bombarda, fr. L.
bombus + -ard. Cf. Bumper, and see
Bomb.] 1. (Gun.) A piece
of heavy ordnance formerly used for throwing stones and other
ponderous missiles. It was the earliest kind of cannon.
They planted in divers places twelve great
bombards, wherewith they threw huge stones into the
air, which, falling down into the city, might break down the
houses.
Knolles.
2. A bombardment. [Poetic & R.]
J. Barlow.
3. A large drinking vessel or can, or a leather
bottle, for carrying liquor or beer. [Obs.]
Yond same black cloud, yond huge one, looks like a foul
bombard that would shed his liquor.
Shak.
4. pl. Padded breeches.
[Obs.]
Bombard phrase, inflated language; bombast.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bom"bard (?), n. [OE.
bombarde, fr. F. bombarde.]
(Mus.) See Bombardo.
[Obs.]
Bom*bard" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bombarded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Bombarding.] To
attack with bombards or with artillery; especially, to throw
shells, hot shot, etc., at or into.
Next, she means to bombard Naples.
Burke.
His fleet bombarded and burnt down Dieppe.
Wood.
Bom`bar*dier" (?), n. [F.
bombardier.] (Mil.) (a)
One who used or managed a bombard; an artilleryman; a
gunner. [Archaic] (b) A
noncommissioned officer in the British artillery.
Bombardier beetle (Zo\'94l.), a
kind of beetle (Brachinus crepitans), so called
because, when disturbed, it makes an explosive discharge of a
pungent and acrid vapor from its anal glands. The name is applied
to other related species, as the B. displosor, which
can produce ten or twelve explosions successively. The common
American species is B. fumans.
Bom"bard*man (?), n. One who
carried liquor or beer in a can or bombard.
[Obs.]
They . . . made room for a bombardman that brought
bouge for a country lady.
B. Jonson.
Bom*bard"ment (?), n. [F.
bombardement.] An attack upon a fortress or
fortified town, with shells, hot shot, rockets, etc.; the act of
throwing bombs and shot into a town or fortified place.
{ \'d8Bom*bar"do (?), Bom*bar"don
(?), } n. [It.
bombardo.] (Mus.) Originally, a
deep-toned instrument of the oboe or bassoon family; thence, a
bass reed stop on the organ. The name bombardon is now
given to a brass instrument, the lowest of the saxhorns, in tone
resembling the ophicleide.
Grove.
Bom`ba*sine" (?), n. Same as
Bombazine.
Bom"bast (?), n. [OF.
bombace cotton, LL. bombax cotton,
bombasium a doublet of cotton; hence, padding,
wadding, fustian. See Bombazine.] 1.
Originally, cotton, or cotton wool.
[Obs.]
A candle with a wick of bombast.
Lupton.
2. Cotton, or any soft, fibrous material, used as
stuffing for garments; stuffing; padding.
[Obs.]
How now, my sweet creature of bombast!
Shak.
Doublets, stuffed with four, five, or six pounds of
bombast at least.
Stubbes.
3. Fig.: High-sounding words; an inflated style;
language above the dignity of the occasion; fustian.
Yet noisy bombast carefully avoid.
Dryden.
Bom"bast, a. High-sounding; inflated;
big without meaning; magniloquent; bombastic.
[He] evades them with a bombast circumstance,
Horribly stuffed with epithets of war.
Shak.
Nor a tall metaphor in bombast way.
Cowley.
Bom*bast" (?), v. t. To swell
or fill out; to pad; to inflate. [Obs.]
Not bombasted with words vain ticklish ears to
feed.
Drayton.
{ Bom*bas"tic (?), Bom*bas"tic*al
} (?), a. Characterized by
bombast; highsounding; inflated. --
Bom*bas"tic*al*ly,
adv.
A theatrical, bombastic, windy phraseology.
Burke.
Syn. -- Turgid; tumid; pompous; grandiloquent.
Bom"bast*ry (?), n. Swelling
words without much meaning; bombastic language; fustian.
Bombastry and buffoonery, by nature lofty and
light, soar highest of all.
Swift.
\'d8Bom"bax (?), n. [LL.,
cotton. See Bombast, n.]
(Bot.) A genus of trees, called also the
silkcotton tree; also, a tree of the genus
Bombax.
{ Bom`ba*zet" Bom`ba*zette" } (?),
n. [Cf. Bombazine.] A sort of
thin woolen cloth. It is of various colors, and may be plain or
twilled.
Bom`ba*zine" (?), n. [F.
bombasin, LL. bombacinium,
bambacinium, L. bombycinus silken,
bombycinum a silk or cotton texture, fr.
bombyx silk, silkworm, Gr. /. Cf.
Bombast, Bombycinous.] A twilled
fabric for dresses, of which the warp is silk, and the weft
worsted. Black bombazine has been much used for mourning
garments. [Sometimes spelt bombasin, and
bombasine.]
Tomlinson.
Bom"bic (?), a. [L.
bombyx silk, silkworm: cf. F.
bombique.] Pertaining to, or obtained from,
the silkworm; as, bombic acid.
Bom"bi*late (?), v. i. [LL.
bombilare, for L. bombitare. See
Bomb, n.] To hum; to buzz.
[R.]
Bom`bi*la"tion (?), n. A
humming sound; a booming.
To . . . silence the bombilation of guns.
Sir T. Browne.
Bom"bi*nate (?), v. i. To hum;
to boom.
Bom`bi*na"tion (?), n. A
humming or buzzing.
Bom"bo*lo (?), n.; pl.
Bomboloes (#). [Cf. It
bombola a pitcher.] A thin spheroidal glass
retort or flask, used in the sublimation of camphor.
[Written also bumbelo, and
bumbolo.]
Bomb"proof` (?), a. Secure
against the explosive force of bombs. --
n. A structure which heavy shot and shell
will not penetrate.
Bomb"shell` (/), n. A bomb.
See Bomb, n.
Bom*by"cid (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus
Bombyx, or the family Bombycid\'91.
Bom*byc"i*nous (?), a. [L.
bombycinus. See Bombazine.] 1.
Silken; made of silk. [Obs.]
Coles.
2. Being of the color of the silkworm; transparent
with a yellow tint.
E. Darwin.
Bom*byl"i*ous (?), a. [L.
bombylius a bumblebee, Gr. /.]
Buzzing, like a bumblebee; as, the bombylious noise of
the horse fly. [Obs.]
Derham.
\'d8Bom"byx (?), n. [L.,
silkworm. See Bombazine.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of moths, which includes the silkworm moth. See
Silkworm.
\'d8Bon (?), a. [F., fr. L.
bonus.] Good; valid as security for
something.
Bon-ac*cord" (?), n. Good will;
good fellowship; agreement. [Scot.]
\'d8Bo"na fi"de (?). [L.] In or
with good faith; without fraud or deceit; real or really; actual
or actually; genuine or genuinely; as, you must proceed
bona fide; a bona fide purchaser or
transaction.
Bo*nair" (?), a. [OE., also
bonere, OF. bonnaire, Cotgr., abbrev. of
debonnaire. See Debonair.] Gentle;
courteous; complaisant; yielding. [Obs.]
Bo*nan"za (?), n. [Sp., prop.
calm., fair weather, prosperity, fr. L. bonus
good.] In mining, a rich mine or vein of silver or
gold; hence, anything which is a mine of wealth or yields a large
income. [Colloq. U. S.]
Bo`na*part"e*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte or his family.
Bo"na*part`ism (?), n. The
policy of Bonaparte or of the Bonapartes.
Bo"na*part`ist, n. One attached to the
policy or family of Bonaparte, or of the Bonapartes.
\'d8Bo"na per`i*tu"ra (?). [L.]
(Law) Perishable goods.
Bouvier.
\'d8Bo"na ro"ba (?). [It., prop. \'bdgood
stuff.\'b8] A showy wanton; a courtesan.
Shak
{ Bo*na"sus (?), Bo*nas"sus
} (?), n. [L. bonasus,
Gr. /, /.] (Zo\'94l.)
The aurochs or European bison. See Aurochs.
\'d8Bon"bon` (?), n. [F.
bonbon, fr. bon bon very good, a
superlative by reduplication, fr. bon good.]
Sugar confectionery; a sugarplum; hence, any dainty.
Bonce (?), n. [Etymol.
unknown.] A boy's game played with large
marbles.
\'d8Bon`chr\'82`tien" (?), n.
[F., good Christian.] A name given to several
kinds of pears. See Bartlett.
Bon"ci*late (?), n. [Empirical
trade name.] A substance composed of ground bone,
mineral matters, etc., hardened by pressure, and used for making
billiard balls, boxes, etc.
Bond (?), n. [The same word as
band. Cf. Band, Bend.] 1.
That which binds, ties, fastens,or confines, or by which
anything is fastened or bound, as a cord, chain, etc.; a band; a
ligament; a shackle or a manacle.
Gnawing with my teeth my bonds in sunder,
I gained my freedom.
Shak.
2. pl. The state of being bound;
imprisonment; captivity, restraint. \'bdThis man doeth
nothing worthy of death or of bonds.\'b8
Acts xxvi.
3. A binding force or influence; a cause of union;
a uniting tie; as, the bonds of
fellowship.
A people with whom I have no tie but the common
bond of mankind.
Burke.
4. Moral or political duty or obligation.
I love your majesty
According to my bond, nor more nor less.
Shak.
5. (Law) A writing under seal, by which
a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators,
to pay a certain sum on or before a future day appointed. This is
a single bond. But usually a condition is added, that,
if the obligor shall do a certain act, appear at a certain place,
conform to certain rules, faithfully perform certain duties, or
pay a certain sum of money, on or before a time specified, the
obligation shall be void; otherwise it shall remain in full
force. If the condition is not performed, the bond becomes
forfeited, and the obligor and his heirs are liable to the
payment of the whole sum.
Bouvier. Wharton.
6. An instrument (of the nature of the ordinary
legal bond) made by a government or a corporation for purpose of
borrowing money; as, a government, city, or railway
bond.
7. The state of goods placed in a bonded warehouse
till the duties are paid; as, merchandise in
bond.
8. (Arch.) The union or tie of the
several stones or bricks forming a wall. The bricks may be
arranged for this purpose in several different ways, as in
English or block bond (Fig. 1), where one
course consists of bricks with their ends toward the face of the
wall, called headers, and the next course of bricks
with their lengths parallel to the face of the wall, called
stretchers; Flemish bond (Fig.2), where
each course consists of headers and stretchers alternately, so
laid as always to break joints; Cross bond, which
differs from the English by the change of the second stretcher
line so that its joints come in the middle of the first, and the
same position of stretchers comes back every fifth line;
Combined cross and English bond, where the inner part
of the wall is laid in the one method, the outer in the
other.
<-- p. 165 -->
9. (Chem.) A unit of chemical
attraction; as, oxygen has two bonds of
affinity. It is often represented in graphic formul\'91 by a
short line or dash. See Diagram of Benzene
nucleus, and Valence.
Arbitration bond. See under
Arbitration. -- Bond crediter
(Law), a creditor whose debt is secured by a
bond. Blackstone. -- Bond debt
(Law), a debt contracted under the obligation of a
bond. Burrows. -- Bond (lap) of a slate, the distance
between the top of one slate and the bottom or drip of the second
slate above, i. e., the space which is covered with three
thicknesses; also, the distance between the nail of the under
slate and the lower edge of the upper slate. -- Bond
timber, timber worked into a wall to tie or strengthen
it longitudinally.
Syn. -- Chains; fetters; captivity; imprisonment.
Bond (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bonded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Bonding.] 1. To
place under the conditions of a bond; to mortgage; to secure the
payment of the duties on (goods or merchandise) by giving a
bond.
2. (Arch.) To dispose in building, as
the materials of a wall, so as to secure solidity.
Bond, n. [OE. bond,
bonde, peasant, serf, AS. bonda]C>,
bunda, husband, bouseholder, from Icel.
b/ndi husbandman, for b/andi, fr.
b/a to dwell. See Boor,
Husband.] A xassal or serf; a slave.
[Obs. or Archaic]
Bond, a. In a state of servitude or
slavery; captive.
By one Spirit are we all baptized .. whether we be Jews or
Bentiles, whether we be bond or free.
1 Cor. xii. 13.
Bond"age (?), n. [LL.
bondagium. See Bond, a.]
1. The state of being bound; condition of being
under restraint; restraint of personal liberty by compulsion;
involuntary servitude; slavery; captivity.
The King, when he designed you for my guard,
Resolved he would not make my bondage hard.
Dryden.
2. Obligation; tie of duty.
He must resolve by no means to be . . . brought under the
bondage of onserving oaths.
South.
3. (Old Eng. Law) Villenage; tenure of
land on condition of doing the meanest services for the
owner.
Syn. -- Thralldom; bond service; imprisonment.
Bond"a*ger (?), n. A field
worker, esp. a woman who works in the field.
[Scot.]
\'d8Bon"dar (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small quadruped of
Bengal (Paradoxurus bondar), allied to the genet; --
called also musk cat.
Bond"ed (?), a. Placed under,
or covered by, a bond, as for the payment of duties, or for
conformity to coertain regulations.
Bonded goods, goods placed in a bonded
warehouse; goods, for the duties on which bonds are given at the
customhouse. -- Bonded warehouse, a warehouse
in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under
bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and
the customs officers.
Bond"er (?), n. 1. One
who places goods under bond or in a bonded warehouse.
2. (Masonry) A bonding stone or brick; a
bondstone.
Bond"er, n. [Norwegian
bonde.] A freeholder on a small
scale. [Norway]
Emerson.
Bond"hold`er (?), n. A person
who holds the bonds of a public or private corporation for the
payment of money at a certain time.
Bond"maid` (?), n.
[Bond,a.orn.+
maid.] A female slave, or one bound to
service without wages, as distinguished from a hired
servant.
Bond"man (?), n.; pl.
Bondmen (#).
[Bond,a.orn.+
man.] 1. A man slave, or one bound
to service without wages. \'bdTo enfranchise
bondmen.\'b8
Macaulay.
2. (Old Eng. Law) A villain, or tenant
in villenage.
Bond" serv`ant (?). A slave; one who is
bound to service without wages.
If thy brother . . . be waxen poor, and be sold unto thee;
thou shalt not compel him to serve as a bond servant:
but as an hired servant.
Lev. xxv. 39, 40.
Bond" serv`ice (?). The condition of a
bond servant; sevice without wages; slavery.
Their children . . . upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of
bond service.
1 Kings ix. 21.
Bond"slave` (/), n. A person
in a state of slavery; one whose person and liberty are subjected
to the authority of a master.
Bonds"man (?), n.; pl.
Bondsmen .
[Bond,a.orn.+
man.] 1. A slave; a villain; a
serf; a bondman.
Carnal, greedy people, without such a precept, would have no
mercy upon their poor bondsmen.
Derham.
2. (Law) A surety; one who is bound, or
who gives security, for another.
Bond"stone` (?), n.
[Bond,n.+ stone.]
(Masonry) A stone running through a wall from one
face to another, to bind it together; a binding stone.
Bonds"wom`an (?), n. See
Bondwoman.
\'d8Bon"duc (?), n. [F.
bonduc, fr. Ar. bunduq hazel nut, filbert
nut.] (Bot.) See Nicker
tree.
Bond"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Bondwomen (#).
[Bond,a.orn.+
woman.] A woman who is a slave, or in
bondage.
He who was of the bondwoman.
Gal. iv. 23.
Bone (?), n. [OE.
bon, ban, AS. b\'ben; akin to
Icel. bein, Sw. ben, Dan. & D.
been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel.
beinn straight.] 1. (Anat.)
The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate
animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic
phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and
bone.
2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal
skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone
of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance.
(pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body.
3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving
bone lace.
4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held
between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of
music.
5. pl. Dice.
6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of
steel for a corset.
7. Fig.: The framework of anything.
A bone of contention, a subject of contention
or dispute. -- A bone to pick, something to
investigate, or to busy one's self about; a dispute to be settled
(with some one). -- Bone ash, the residue
from calcined bones; -- used for making cupels, and for cleaning
jewelry. -- Bone black (Chem.),
the black, carbonaceous substance into which bones are
converted by calcination in close vessels; -- called also
animal charcoal. It is used as a decolorizing
material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc., and as a black
pigment. See Ivory black, under Black.
-- Bone cave, a cave in which are found bones of
extinct or recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and
bones of man. Am. Cyc. -- Bone dust,
ground or pulverized bones, used as a fertilizer. --
Bone earth (Chem.), the earthy residuum
after the calcination of bone, consisting chiefly of phosphate of
calcium. -- Bone lace, a lace made of linen
thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone. --
Bone oil, an oil obtained by, heating bones (as in
the manufacture of bone black), and remarkable for containing the
nitrogenous bases, pyridine and quinoline, and their derivatives;
-- also called Dippel's oil. -- Bone
setter. Same as Bonesetter. See in the
Vocabulary. -- Bone shark (Zo\'94l.),
the basking shark. -- Bone spavin. See
under Spavin. -- Bone turquoise,
fossil bone or tooth of a delicate blue color, sometimes used
as an imitation of true turquoise. -- Bone whale
(Zo\'94l.), a right whale. -- To be upon
the bones of, to attack. [Obs.] --
To make no bones, to make no scruple; not to
hesitate. [Low] -- To pick a bone
with, to quarrel with, as dogs quarrel over a bone; to
settle a disagreement. [Colloq.]
Bone (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boned
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Boning.] 1. To withdraw bones
from the flesh of, as in cookery. \'bdTo bone a
turkey.\'b8
Soyer.
2. To put whalebone into; as, to bone
stays.
Ash.
3. To fertilize with bone.
4. To steal; to take possession of.
[Slang]
Bone, v. t. [F. bornoyer to
look at with one eye, to sight, fr. borgne
one-eyed.] To sight along an object or set of objects,
to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry,
masonry, and surveying.
Knight.
Joiners, etc., bone their work with two straight
edges. W.
M. Buchanan.
Bone"ache` (?), n. Pain in the
bones.
Shak.
Bone"black` (?), n. See
Bone black, under Bone, n.
Boned (?), a. 1.
Having (such) bones; -- used in composition; as,
big-boned; strong-boned.
No big-boned men framed of the Cyclops' size.
Shak.
2. Deprived of bones; as, boned turkey
or codfish.
3. Manured with bone; as, boned
land.
Bone"dog` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The spiny dogfish.
Bone"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Ladyfish.
Bone"less, a. Without bones.
\'bdBoneless gums.\'b8
Shak.
Bone"set` (?), n. (Bot.)
A medicinal plant, the thoroughwort (Eupatorium
perfoliatum). Its properties are diaphoretic and
tonic.
Bone"set*ter (?), n. One who
sets broken or dislocated bones; -- commonly applied to one, not
a regular surgeon, who makes an occupation of setting
bones. -- Bone"set*ting,
n.
Bone"shaw (?), n. (Med.)
Sciatica. [Obs.]
Bo*net"ta (?), n. See
Bonito.
Sir T. Herbert.
Bon"fire` (?), n. [OE.
bonefire, banefire, orig. a fire of bones;
bone + fire; but cf. also Prov. E. bun a
dry stalk.] A large fire built in the open air, as an
expression of public joy and exultation, or for amusement.
Full soon by bonfire and by bell,
We learnt our liege was passing well.
Gay.
Bon"grace` (/), n. [F.
bon good + gr\'83ce grace, charm.]
A projecting bonnet or shade to protect the complexion;
also, a wide-brimmed hat. [Obs.]
\'d8Bon`ho*mie", \'d8Bon`hom*mie"
(/), n. [F.] good
nature; pleasant and easy manner.
Bon"i*bell (?), n. See
Bonnibel. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bon"i*face (?), n. [From the
sleek, jolly landlord in Farquhar's comedy of \'bdThe Beaux'
Stratagem.\'b8] An innkeeper.
Bon"i*form (?), a. [L.
bonus good + -form.] Sensitive
or responsive to moral excellence.
Dr. H. More.
Bon"i*fy (?), v. t. [L.
bonus good + -fy: cf. F.
bonifier.] To convert into, or make,
good.
To bonify evils, or tincture them with good.
Cudworth.
Bon"i*ness (?), n. The
condition or quality of being bony.
Bon"ing, n. [Senses 1 and 2 fr. 1st
Bone, sense 3 fr. 3d Bone.] 1.
The clearing of bones from fish or meat.
2. The manuring of land with bones.
3. A method of leveling a line or surface by
sighting along the tops of two or more straight edges, or a range
of properly spaced poles. See 3d Bone, v.
t.
Bon"i*ta*ry (?), a. Beneficial,
as opposed to statutory or civil; as, bonitary
dominion of land.
Bo*ni"to (?), n.; pl.
Bonitoes (/). [Sp. & Pg.
bonito, fr. Ar. bain\'c6t and
bain\'c6th.] [Often incorrectly written
bonita.] (Zo\'94l.) 1. A
large tropical fish (Orcynus pelamys) allied to the
tunny. It is about three feet long, blue above, with four brown
stripes on the sides. It is sometimes found on the American
coast.
2. The skipjack (Sarda Mediterranea) of
the Atlantic, an important and abundant food fish on the coast of
the United States, and (S. Chilensis) of the Pacific,
and other related species. They are large and active fishes, of a
blue color with black oblique stripes.
3. The medregal (Seriola fasciata), an
edible fish of the southern of the United States and the West
Indies.
4. The cobia or crab eater (Elacate
canada), an edible fish of the Middle and Southern United
States.
\'d8Bon"mot` (?), n.; pl.
Bonsmots (#). [ F. bon
good + mot word.] A witty repartee; a
jest.
\'d8Bonne (?), n. (F., prop.
good woman.) A female servant charged with the care of a young
child.
\'d8Bonne" bouche" (?); pl. Bonnes
bouches (/). [F. bon, fem.
bonne, good + bouche mouth.] A
delicious morsel or mouthful; a tidbit.
Bon"net (?), n. [OE.
bonet, OF. bonet, bonete. F.
bonnet fr. LL. bonneta, bonetum;
orig. the name of a stuff, and of unknown origin.]
1. A headdress for men and boys; a cap.
[Obs.]
Milton. Shak.
2. A soft, elastic, very durable cap, made of
thick, seamless woolen stuff, and worn by men in Scotland.
And p/i/s and bonnets waving high.
Sir W. Scott.
3. A covering for the head, worn by women, usually
protecting more or less the back and sides of the head, but no
part of the forehead. The shape of the bonnet varies greatly at
different times; formerly the front part projected, and spread
outward, like the mouth of a funnel.
4. Anything resembling a bonnet in shape or
use; as, (a) (Fort.) A small
defense work at a salient angle; or a part of a parapet elevated
to screen the other part from enfilade fire. (b)
A metallic canopy, or projection, over an opening, as a
fireplace, or a cowl or hood to increase the draught of a
chimney, etc. (c) A frame of wire netting
over a locomotive chimney, to prevent escape of sparks.
(d) A roofing over the cage of a mine, to protect
its occupants from objects falling down the shaft.
(e) In pumps, a metal covering for the openings in
the valve chambers.
5. (Naut.) An additional piece of canvas
laced to the foot of a jib or foresail in moderate winds.
Hakluyt.
6. The second stomach of a ruminating animal.
7. An accomplice of a gambler, auctioneer, etc.,
who entices others to bet or to bid; a decoy.
[Cant]
Bonnet head (Zo\'94l.), a shark
(Sphyrna tiburio) of the southern United States and
West Indies. -- Bonnet limpet
(Zo\'94l.), a name given, from their shape, to
various species of shells (family
Calyptr\'91id\'91). -- Bonnet monkey
(Zo\'94l.), an East Indian monkey (Macacus
sinicus), with a tuft of hair on its head; the munga.
-- Bonnet piece, a gold coin of the time of James
V. of Scotland, the king's head on which wears a bonnet. Sir
W. Scott. -- To have a bee in the bonnet.
See under Bee. -- Black bonnet.
See under Black. -- Blue bonnet.
See in the Vocabulary.
Bon"net, v. i. To take off the bonnet or
cap as a mark of respect; to uncover. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bon"net*ed, a. 1. Wearing a
bonnet. \'bdBonneted and shawled.\'b8
Howitt.
2. (Fort.) Protected by a bonnet. See
Bonnet, 4 (a).
Bon"net*less, a. Without a bonnet.
Bon"ni*bel (?), n. [F.
bonne et belle, good and beautiful. Cf.
Bellibone.] A handsome girl.
[Obs.]
Bon"nie (?), a.
[Scot.] See Bonny,
a.
Bon"ni*lass` (?), n.
[Bonny + lass.] A \'bdbonny
lass\'b8; a beautiful girl. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bon"ni*ly, adv. Gayly; handsomely.
Bon"ni*ness, n. The quality of being
bonny; gayety/ handsomeness. [R.]
Bon"ny (?), a. [Spelled
bonnie by the Scotch.] [OE.
boni, prob. fr. F. bon, fem.
bonne, good, fr. L. bonus good. See
Bounty, and cf. Bonus, Boon.]
1. Handsome; beautiful; pretty; attractively lively
and graceful.
Till bonny Susan sped across the plain.
Gay.
Far from the bonnie banks of Ayr.
Burns.
2. Gay; merry; frolicsome; cheerful; blithe.
Be you blithe and bonny.
Shak.
Report speaks you a bonny monk, that would hear the
mati/chime ere he quitted his bowl.
Sir W. Scott.
Bon"ny, n. (Mining) A round
and compact bed of ore, or a distinct bed, not communicating with
a vein.
Bon"ny*clab`ber (?), n. [Ir.
bainne, baine, milk + clabar
mud, mire.] Coagulated sour milk; loppered milk;
curdled milk; -- sometimes called simply
clabber.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Bon" Si`l\'8ane" (?). [F.]
(Bot.) A very fragrant tea rose with petals of
various shades of pink.
Bon"spiel (?), n. [Scot.; of
uncertain origin.] A cur/ing match between
clubs. [Scot.]
\'d8Bon"te*bok (?), n. [D.
bont a sort of skin or fur, prop. variegated +
bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) The pied
antelope of South Africa (Alcelaphus pygarga). Its
face and rump are white. Called also
nunni.
\'d8Bon" ton" (?). [F., good tone,
manner.] The height of the fashion; fashionable
society.
Bo"nus (?), n.; pl.
Bonuses (/). [L.
bonus good. Cf. Bonny.] 1.
(Law) A premium given for a loan, or for a
charter or other privilege granted to a company; as the bank paid
a bonus for its charter.
Bouvier.
2. An extra dividend to the shareholders of a joint
stock company, out of accumulated profits.
3. Money paid in addition to a stated
compensation.
\'d8Bon" vi`vant" (?); pl. Bons
vivants (#). [F. bon good +
vivant, p. pr. of vivre to
live.] A good fellow; a jovial companion; a free
liver.
Bon"y (?), a. 1.
Consisting of bone, or of bones; full of bones; pertaining
to bones.
2. Having large or prominent bones.
Bony fish (Zo\'94l.), the
menhaden. -- Bony pike (Zo\'94l.),
the gar pike (Lepidosteus).
Bon"ze (?), n. [Pg.
bonzo, fr. Japan b\'d3zu a Buddhist priest: cf. F.
bonze.] A Buddhist or Fohist priest, monk,
or nun.
Boo"by (?), n.; pl.
Boobies (#). [Sp. bobe
dunce, idiot; cf. L. balbus stammering, E.
barbarous.]
1. A dunce; a stupid fellow.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A swimming
bird (Sula fiber or S. sula) related to the
common gannet, and found in the West Indies, nesting on the bare
rocks. It is so called on account of its apparent stupidity. The
name is also sometimes applied to other species of gannets; as,
S. piscator, the red-footed booby. (b)
A species of penguin of the antarctic seas.
<-- p. 166 -->
Booby hatch (Naut.), a kind of
wooden hood over a hatch, readily removable.<-- Colloq. An
insane asylum. --> -- Booby hut, a carriage body
put upon sleigh runners. [Local, U. S.]
Bartlett. -- Booby hutch, a clumsy
covered carriage or seat, used in the eastern part of
England. Forby. -- Booby trap, a
schoolboy's practical joke, as a shower bath when a door is
opened.
Boo"by (?), a. Having the
characteristics of a booby; stupid.
Boo"by*ish, a. Stupid; dull.
Boodh (?), n. Same as
Buddha.
Malcom.
Boodh"ism (?), n. Same as
Buddhism.
Boodh"ist, n. Same as
Buddhist.
Boo"dle (?), n. [Origin
uncertain.] 1. The whole collection or lot;
caboodle. [Low, U. S.]
Bartlett.
2. Money given in payment for votes or political
influence; bribe money; swag. [Polit. slang, U.
S.]
Boo`hoe" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Boohooed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Boohooing.] [An imitative word.]
To bawl; to cry loudly. [Low]
Bartlett.
Boo"hoo` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The sailfish; -- called also
woohoo.
Book (?), n. [OE.
book, bok, AS. b/c; akin to
Goth. b/ka a letter, in pl. book, writing, Icel.
b/k, Sw. bok, Dan. bog, OS.
b/k, D. boek, OHG. puoh, G.
buch; and fr. AS. b/c, b/ce,
beech; because the ancient Saxons and Germans in general wrote
runes on pieces of beechen board. Cf. Beech.]
1. A collection of sheets of paper, or similar
material, blank, written, or printed, bound together; commonly,
many folded and bound sheets containing continuous printing or
writing.
blank book.
When printed, the term often distinguishes a bound volume, or a
volume of some size, from a pamphlet.
book is not necessarily a volume made of many sheets
bound together; it may be printed on a single sheet, as music or
a diagram of patterns.
Abbott.
2. A composition, written or printed; a
treatise.
A good book is the precious life blood of a master
spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond
life.
Milton.
3. A part or subdivision of a treatise or literary
work; as, the tenth book of \'bdParadise
Lost.\'b8
4. A volume or collection of sheets in which
accounts are kept; a register of debts and credits, receipts and
expenditures, etc.
5. Six tricks taken by one side, in the game of
whist; in certain other games, two or more corresponding cards,
forming a set.
Book is used adjectively or as a part of
many compounds; as, book buyer, bookrack,
book club, book lore, book sale,
book trade, memorandum book,
cashbook.
Book account, an account or register of debt
or credit in a book. -- Book debt, a debt for
items charged to the debtor by the creditor in his book of
accounts. -- Book learning, learning acquired
from books, as distinguished from practical knowledge.
\'bdNeither does it so much require book learning and
scholarship, as good natural sense, to distinguish true and
false.\'b8 Burnet. -- Book louse
(Zo\'94l.), one of several species of minute,
wingless insects injurious to books and papers. They belong to
the Pseudoneuroptera. -- Book moth
(Zo\'94l.), the name of several species of moths,
the larv\'91 of which eat books. -- Book oath,
an oath made on The Book, or Bible. -- The
Book of Books, the Bible. -- Book post,
a system under which books, bulky manuscripts, etc., may be
transmitted by mail. -- Book scorpion
(Zo\'94l.), one of the false scorpions
(Chelifer cancroides) found among books and papers. It
can run sidewise and backward, and feeds on small insects.
-- Book stall, a stand or stall, often in the open
air, for retailing books. -- Canonical books.
See Canonical. -- In one's books,
in one's favor. \'bdI was so much in his
books, that at his decease he left me his lamp.\'b8
Addison. -- To bring to book. (a)
To compel to give an account. (b) To
compare with an admitted authority. \'bdTo bring
it manifestly to book is impossible.\'b8 M.
Arnold. -- To course by bell,
book, and candle. See under
Bell. -- To make a book (Horse
Racing), to lay bets (recorded in a pocket book)
against the success of every horse, so that the bookmaker wins on
all the unsuccessful horses and loses only on the winning horse
or horses. -- To speak by the book, to
speak with minute exactness. -- Without book.
(a) By memory. (b) Without
authority.
Book, v. t. [imp & p.
p. Booked (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Booking.] 1. To enter, write,
or register in a book or list.
Let it be booked with the rest of this day's
deeds.
Shak.
2. To enter the name of (any one) in a book for the
purpose of securing a passage, conveyance, or seat; as, to be
booked for Southampton; to book a seat in a
theater.
3. To mark out for; to destine or assign for;
as, he is booked for the valedictory.
[Colloq.]
Here I am booked for three days more in Paris.
Charles Reade.
Book"bind`er (?), n. One whose
occupation is to bind books.
Book"bind`er*y (?), n. A
bookbinder's shop; a place or establishment for binding
books.
Book"bind`ing, n. The art, process, or
business of binding books.
Book"case` (/), n. A case
with shelves for holding books, esp. one with glazed doors.
Book"craft` (?), n. Authorship;
literary skill.
Booked (?), a. 1.
Registered.
2. On the way; destined.
[Colloq.]
Book"er (?), n. One who enters
accounts or names, etc., in a book; a bookkeeper.
Book"ful (?), n. As much as
will fill a book; a book full. Shak. --
a. Filled with book learning.
[R.] \'bdThe bookful
blockhead.\'b8
Pope.
Book"hold`er (?), n. 1.
A prompter at a theater. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
2. A support for a book, holding it open, while one
reads or copies from it.
Book"ing clerk` (?). A clerk who registers
passengers, baggage, etc., for conveyance, as by railway or
steamship, or who sells passage tickets at a booking
office.
Book"ing of`fice (?). 1. An
office where passengers, baggage, etc., are registered for
conveyance, as by railway or steamship.
2. An office where passage tickets are sold.
[Eng.]
Book"ish, a. 1. Given to
reading; fond of study; better acquainted with books than with
men; learned from books. \'bdA bookish man.\'b8
Addison. \'bdBookish skill.\'b8 Bp.
Hall.
2. Characterized by a method of expression
generally found in books; formal; labored; pedantic; as, a
bookish way of talking; bookish
sentences.
-- Book"ish*ly, adv. --
Book"ish*ness, n.
Book"keep`er (?), n. One who
keeps accounts; one who has the charge of keeping the books and
accounts in an office.
Book"keep`ing, n. The art of recording
pecuniary or business transactions in a regular and systematic
manner, so as to show their relation to each other, and the state
of the business in which they occur; the art of keeping accounts.
The books commonly used are a daybook,
cashbook, journal, and ledger.
See Daybook, Cashbook, Journal, and
Ledger.
Bookkeeping by single entry, the method of
keeping books by carrying the record of each transaction to the
debit or credit of a single account. -- Bookkeeping by
double entry, a mode of bookkeeping in which two
entries of every transaction are carried to the ledger, one to
the Dr., or left hand, side of one account, and the other to the
Cr., or right hand, side of a corresponding account, in order
tha/ the one entry may check the other; -- sometimes called,
from the place of its origin, the Italian
method.
{ Book"land` (?), Bock"land`
} (?), n. [AS.
b/cland; b/c book + land
land.] (O. Eng. Law) Charter land held by
deed under certain rents and free services, which differed in
nothing from free socage lands. This species of tenure has given
rise to the modern freeholds.
Book"-learned` (?), a. Versed
in books; having knowledge derived from books. [Often
in a disparaging sense.]
Whate'er these book-learned blockheads say,
Solon's the veriest fool in all the play.
Dryden.
Book"less, a. Without books;
unlearned.
Shenstone.
Book"let (?), n. A little
book.
T. Arnold.
Book"mak`er (?), n. 1.
One who writes and publishes books; especially, one who
gathers his materials from other books; a compiler.
2. (Horse Racing) A betting man who
\'bdmakes a book.\'b8 See To make a book, under
Book, n.
Book"man (?), n.; pl.
Bookmen (/). A studious man; a
scholar.
Shak.
Book"mark` (?), n. Something
placed in a book to guide in finding a particular page or
passage; also, a label in a book to designate the owner; a
bookplate.
Book"mate` (?), n.
[Book + mate.] A
schoolfellow; an associate in study.
Book"mon`ger (?), n. A dealer
in books.
Book" mus`lin (?). 1. A kind of
muslin used for the covers of books.
2. A kind of thin white muslin for ladies'
dresses.
Book"plate` (?), n. A label,
placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position
in a library.
Book"sell`er (?), n. One who
sells books.
Book"sell`ing (?), n. The
employment of selling books.
Book"shelf` (?), n.; pl.
Bookshelves (/). A shelf to hold
books.
Book"shop` (?), n. A
bookseller's shop. [Eng.]
Book"stall` (?), n. A stall or
stand where books are sold.
Book"stand` (?), n. 1.
A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a
bookstall.
2. A stand to hold books for reading or
reference.
Book"store` (?), n. A store
where books are kept for sale; -- called in England a
bookseller's shop.
Book"work` (?), n. 1.
Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in
distinction from newspaper or job work.
2. Study; application to books.
Book"worm` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) Any larva of a beetle or moth, which
is injurious to books. Many species are known.
2. A student closely attached to books or addicted
to study; a reader without appreciation.
I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a
bookworm as any there.
Pope.
Book"y (?), a. Bookish.
Boo"ly (?), n.; pl.
Boolies (#). [Ir.
buachail cowherd; bo cow +
giolla boy.] A company of Irish herdsmen,
or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks
and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a
place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle
or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also
boley, bolye, bouillie.]
Spenser.
Boom (b, n. [D.
boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.]
1. (Naut.) A long pole or spar, run out
for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail;
as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom,
etc.
2. (Mech.) A long spar or beam,
projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of
which the body to be lifted is suspended.
3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark
the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.]
4. (Mil. & Naval) A strong chain cable,
or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the
mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.
5. (Lumbering) A line of connected
floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area
of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away.
Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards
through which the studding-sail booms traverse. -- The
booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between
the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc.,
are stowed.
Totten.
Boom (b, v. t.
(Naut.) To extend, or push, with a boom or pole;
as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a
boat.
Boom (b, v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Boomed (#),
p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.]
[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D.
bommen to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W.
bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp, the
bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum,
Bump, v. i., Bomb, v.
i.] 1. To cry with a hollow note; to
make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects.
At eve the beetle boometh
Athwart the thicket lone.
Tennyson.
2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or
cannon.
Alarm guns booming through the night air.
W. Irving.
3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under
a press of sail, before a free wind.
She comes booming down before it.
Totten.
4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in
popular favor; to go on rushingly.
Boom, n. 1. A hollow roar, as
of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a
booming.
2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or
less noisy excitement; -- applied colloquially or humorously to
market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to
political chances of aspirants to office; as, a boom
in the stock market; a boom in coffee.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Boom, v. t. To cause to advance rapidly
in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a
\'bdboom\'b8 for; as to boom Mr. C. for
senator. [Colloq. U. S.]
\'d8Boom"das (?), n. [D.
boom tree + das badger.]
(Zo\'94l.) A small African hyracoid mammal
(Dendrohyrax arboreus) resembling the daman.
Boom"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, booms.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A North American rodent,
so named because it is said to make a booming noise. See
Sewellel.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A large male
kangaroo.
4. One who works up a \'bdboom\'b8.
[Slang, U. S.]
Boom"er*ang (?), n. A very
singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in
some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood,
from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches
wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown
from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very
remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and
the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a
long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and
finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the
place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of
it.
Boom"ing, a. 1. Rushing with
violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or
note; roaring; resounding.
O'er the sea-beat ships the booming waters
roar.
Falcone.
2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement;
as, booming prices; booming
popularity. [Colloq. U. S.]
Boom"ing, n. The act of producing a
hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar;
as, the booming of the sea; a deep, hollow
sound; as, the booming of bitterns.
Howitt.
Boom"kin (?), n. (Naut.)
Same as Bumkin.
\'d8Boo"mo*rah (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small West African
chevrotain (Hy\'91moschus aquaticus), resembling the
musk deer.
\'d8Boom"slang*e (?), n. [D.
boom tree + slang snake.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large South African tree snake
(Bucephalus Capensis). Although considered venomous by
natives, it has no poison fangs.
Boon (?), n. [OE.
bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel.
b/n; akin to Sw. & Dan. b/n, AS.
b/n, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced
by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. /86. See 2d
Ban, Bounty.] 1. A prayer
or petition. [Obs.]
For which to God he made so many an idle boon.
Spenser.
2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or
favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present.
Every good gift and every perfect boon is from
above.
James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).
Boon, a. [F. bon. See
Boon, n.] 1. Good;
prosperous; as, boon voyage.
[Obs.]
2. Kind; bountiful; benign.
Which . . . Nature boon
Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.
Milton.
3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial.
A boon companion, loving his bottle.
Arbuthnot.
Boon, n. [Scot. boon,
bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach
coarse tow, fr. bun root, stubble.] The
woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse
matter by retting, braking, and scutching.
Boor (?), n. [D.
boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb/r
countryman, G. bauer; fr. the root of AS.
b/an to inhabit, and akin to E. bower,
be. Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and
Big to build.] 1. A husbandman; a
peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman.
2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a
Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.
3. A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in
manners.
Boor"ish, a. Like a boor; clownish;
uncultured; unmannerly. -- Boor"ish*ly,
adv. -- Boor"ish*ness,
n.
Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion.
Milton.
Boort (?), n. See
Bort.
Boose (?), n. [AS.
b\'d3s, b\'d3sig; akin to Icel.
b\'bess, Sw. b\'86s, Dan. baas,
stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr.
bh\'besas stall. \'fb252.] A stall or a
crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Boose (?), v. i. To drink
excessively. See Booze.
Boos"er (?), n. A toper; a
guzzler. See Boozer.
Boost (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boosted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Boosting.] [Cf.
Boast, v. i.] To lift or push from
behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to
assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement.
[Colloq. U. S.]
<-- p. 167 -->
Boost (?), n. A push from
behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Boot (?), n. [OE.
bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS.
b/t; akin to Icel. b/t, Sw.
bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b/ta, D.
boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or
better, from the root of E. better, adj.
/255.] 1. Remedy; relief; amends;
reparation; hence, one who brings relief.
He gaf the sike man his boote.
Chaucer.
Thou art boot for many a bruise
And healest many a wound.
Sir W. Scott.
Next her Son, our soul's best boot.
Wordsworth.
2. That which is given to make an exchange equal,
or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things
exchanged.
I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for
one.
Shak.
3. Profit; gain; advantage; use.
[Obs.]
Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot.
Shak.
To boot, in addition; over and above; besides;
as a compensation for the difference of value between things
bartered.
Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot.
Shak.
A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to
drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his
heaviness, and taken a crime to boot.
Jer. Taylor.
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Booting.] 1. To profit; to
advantage; to avail; -- generally followed by it; as,
what boots it?
What booteth it to others that we wish them well,
and do nothing for them?
Hooker.
What subdued
To change like this a mind so far imbued
With scorn of man, it little boots to know.
Byron.
What boots to us your victories?
Southey.
2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in
addition. [Obs.]
And I will boot thee with what gift beside
Thy modesty can beg.
Shak.
Boot, n. [OE. bote, OF.
bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of
uncertain origin.] 1. A covering for the foot
and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather.
2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly
used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland.
So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the
boots; for they put a pair of iron boots
close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg.
Bp. Burnet.
3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants
rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the
coach. [Obs.]
4. A place for baggage at either end of an
old-fashioned stagecoach.
5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth)
for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and
mud.
6. (Plumbing) The metal casing and
flange fitted about a pipe where it passes through a roof.
Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose
business it was to pull off boots and clean them.
[Obs.] Swift. -- Boot
closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of
boots. -- Boot crimp, a frame or device used
by bootmakers for drawing and shaping the body of a boot. --
Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling
on boots. -- Boots and saddles (Cavalry
Tactics), the trumpet call which is the first signal
for mounted drill. -- Sly boots. See
Slyboots, in the Vocabulary.
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Booting.] 1. To put boots on,
esp. for riding.
Coated and booted for it.
B. Jonson.
2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot.
[U. S.]
<-- boot out. (obj=a person) (Colloq.) Eject; throw out. -->
Boot, v. i. To boot one's self; to put
on one's boots.
Boot, n. Booty; spoil. [Obs.
or R.]
Shak.
Boot"black` (/), n. One who
blacks boots.
Boot"ed (?), a. 1.
Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for
riding; as, a booted squire.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having an undivided,
horny, bootlike covering; -- said of the tarsus of some
birds.
Boot*ee" (?), n. A half boot or
short boot.
\'d8Bo*\'94"tes (?), n. [L.
Bootes, Gr. / herdsman, fr.
/, gen. /, ox, cow.]
(Astron.) A northern constellation, containing
the bright star Arcturus.
Booth (?), n. [OE.
bothe; cf. Icel. b/, Dan. & Sw.
bod, MHG. buode, G. bude,
baude; from the same root as AS. b/an to
dwell, E. boor, bower, be; cf.
Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ.
budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth, pl.
bythod, Gael. buth, Ir.
both.] 1. A house or shed built of
boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary
occupation.
Camden.
2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair
or market, or at a polling place.
Boot"hale` (?), v. t. & i.
[Boot, for booty +
hale.] To forage for booty; to
plunder. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Boot"hose` (?), n. 1.
Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots.
Shak.
2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers
on horseback.
Sir W. Scott.
Booth"y (?), n. See
Bothy.
Boot"i*kin (?), n.
[Boot + -kin.] 1.
A little boot, legging, or gaiter.
2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure
for the gout.
H. Walpole.
Boot"ing, n. Advantage; gain; gain by
plunder; booty. [Obs.]
Sir. J. Harrington.
Boot"ing, n. 1. A kind of
torture. See Boot, n., 2.
2. A kicking, as with a booted foot.
[U. S.]
Boot"jack` (/), n. A device
for pulling off boots.
Boot"less (?), a. [From
Boot profit.] Unavailing; unprofitable;
useless; without advantage or success.
Chaucer.
I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers.
Shak.
-- Boot"less*ly, adv. --
Boot"less*ness, n.
Boot"lick` (/), n. A
toady. [Low, U. S.]
Bartlett.
Boot"mak`er (?), n. One who
makes boots. -- Boot"mak`ing,
n.
Boots (?), n. A servant at a
hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and
shoes.
Boot"top`ping (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) The act or process of daubing a vessel's
bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow,
sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms,
after the slime, shells, etc., have been scraped off.
2. (Naut.) Sheathing a vessel with
planking over felt.
Boot"tree` (?), n.
[Boot + tree wood, timber.]
An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot,
consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between
which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven.
The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees.
Thackeray.
Boo"ty (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
b/ti exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter,
booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty,
G. beute, and fr. Icel. byta, Sw.
byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange.
The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by
boot profit.] That which is seized by
violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil
taken in war; plunder; pillage.
Milton.
To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an
intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at
first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize
him afterwards. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Booze (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Boozed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.]
[D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and
perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel, bus box,
jar.] To drink greedily or immoderately, esp.
alcoholic liquor; to tipple. [Written also
bouse, and boose.]
Landor.
This is better than boozing in public houses.
H. R. Haweis.
Booze, n. A carouse; a drinking.
Sir W. Scott.
Booz"er (?), n. One who boozes;
a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser.
Booz"y (?), a. A little
intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy.
[Colloq.]
C. Kingsley.
Bo*peep" (?), n. [Bo
+ peep.] The act of looking out suddenly,
as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by
children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back,
as if frightened.
I for sorrow sung,
That such a king should play bopeep,
And go the fools among.
Shak.
Bor"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being bored. [R.]
Bo*rach"te (?), n. [Sp.
borracha a leather bottle for wine,
borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.]
A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin
of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard.
[Obs.]
You're an absolute borachio.
Congreve.
Bo*rac"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
boracique. See Borax.] Pertaining
to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; as,
boracic acid.
Bo"ra*cite (?), n. (Min.)
A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in
isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with
magnesium chloride.
Bo"ra*cous (?), a.
(Chem.) Relating to, or obtained from, borax;
containing borax.
Bor"age (?), n. [OE.
borage (cf. F. bourrache, It.
borraggine, borrace, LL. borago,
borrago, LGr. /), fr. LL.
borra, F. bourre, hair of beasts, flock; so
called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.) A
mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is
used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.
Bor"age*wort` (?), n. Plant of
the Borage family.
Bo*rag`i*na"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family
of plants (Boraginace\'91) which includes the borage,
heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants.
Bor`a*gin"e*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Relating to the Borage tribe;
boraginaceous.
Bor"a*mez (?), n. See
Barometz.
Bo"rate (?), n. [From
Boric.] (Chem.) A salt formed by
the combination of boric acid with a base or positive
radical.
Bo"rax (?), n. [OE.
boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt
borras; cf. LL. borax, Sp.
borraj; all fr. Ar. b/rag, fr. Pers.
b/rah.] A white or gray crystalline salt,
with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering
metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a
soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made
from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally
obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the
name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate
of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O.
Borax bead. (Chem.) See
Bead, n., 3.
Bor"bo*rygm (?), n. [F.
borborygme, fr. Gr. /, fr. /
to rumble in the bowels.] (Med.) A rumbling
or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels.
Dunglison.
Bord (?), n. [See
Board, n.] 1. A board; a
table. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. (Mining) The face of coal parallel to
the natural fissures.
Bord (?), n. See
Bourd. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bord"age (?), n. [LL.
bordagium.] The base or servile tenure by
which a bordar held his cottage.
Bord"ar (?), n. [LL.
bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of
uncertain origin.] A villein who rendered menial
service for his cottage; a cottier.
The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound
to aid in the work of the home farm.
J. R. Green.
Bor*deaux" (?), a. Pertaining
to Bordeaux in the south of France. -- n.
A claret wine from Bordeaux.
{ Bor"del (?), Bor*del"lo
(?), } n. [F. bordel,
orig. a little hut, OF. borde hut, cabin, of German
origin, and akin to E. board,n.See.
Board, n.] A brothel; a
bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Bor`de*lais" (?), a.
[F.] Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or
to the district around Bordeaux.
Bor"del*ler (?), n. A keeper or
a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.]
Gower.
Bor"der (?), n. [OE.
bordure, F. bordure, fr. border
to border, fr. bord a border; of German origin; cf.
MHG. borte border, trimming, G. borte trimming,
ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See
Board, n., and cf. Bordure.]
1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a
garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink.
Upon the borders of these solitudes.
Bentham.
In the borders of death.
Barrow.
2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the
settled part of a country; a frontier district.
3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the
edge of something, as an ornament or finish.
4. A narrow flower bed.
Border land, land on the frontiers of two
adjoining countries; debatable land; -- often used figuratively;
as, the border land of science. -- The
Border, The Borders, specifically,
the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie
adjacent. -- Over the border, across the
boundary line or frontier.
Syn. -- Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary;
confine.
Bor"der, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bordered (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bordering.] 1. To
touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; --
with on or upon as, Connecticut
borders on Massachusetts.
2. To approach; to come near to; to verge.
Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be
branded as folly.
Abp. Tillotson.
Bor"der, v. t. 1. To make a
border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to
border a garment or a garden.
2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or
be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or
boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is
bordered on the north by a forest.
The country is bordered by a broad tract called the
\'bdhot region.\'b8
Prescott.
Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the
Persian gulf.
Sir W. Raleigh.
3. To confine within bounds; to limit.
[Obs.]
That nature, which contemns its origin,
Can not be bordered certain in itself.
Shak.
Bor"der*er (?), n. One who
dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a
country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a place
or region.
Borderers of the Caspian.
Dyer.
Bord"land` (?), n.
[Bordar (or perh. bord a board) +
land.] (O. Eng. Law) Either land
held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the
maintenance of his board, or table.
Spelman.
Bord"lode` (?), n.
[Bordar (or perh. bord a board) +
lode leading.] (O. Eng. Law) The
service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the
woods to the lord's house.
Bailey. Mozley & W.
Bord"man (?), n.
[Bordar (or perh. bord a board) +
man.] A bordar; a tenant in bordage.
{ Bord"rag (?), Bord"ra`ging
(?), } n. [Perh. from OE.
bord, for border + raging. Cf.
Bodrage.] An incursion upon the borders of a
country; a raid. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bord" serv`ice (?). [Bordar (or
perh. bord a board) + service.]
(O. Eng. Law) Service due from a bordar;
bordage.
Bor"dure (?), n. [F.
bordure. See Border, n.]
(Her.) A border one fifth the width of the
shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be
charged.
Bore (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bored (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.]
[OE. borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel.
bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG.
por/n, G. bohren, L. forare,
Gr. / to plow, Zend bar.
1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by
turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a
round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a
plank.
I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be
bored.
Shak.
2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring
instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam
cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole.
Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can
bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage
through the most solid wood.
T. W. Harris.
3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in
boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd;
to force a narrow and difficult passage through. \'bdWhat
bustling crowds I bored.\'b8
Gay.
4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to
tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester.
He bores me with some trick.
Shak.
Used to come and bore me at rare intervals.
Carlyle.
5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.]
I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned,
Baffled and bored, it seems.
Beau. & Fl.
Bore, v. i. 1. To make a hole
or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a
circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to
bore for water or oil (i. e.,
to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore
with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects).
2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument
that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore
well, or is hard to bore.
3. To push forward in a certain direction with
laborious effort.
They take their flight . . . boring to the
west.
Dryden.
<-- p. 168 -->
4. (Ma//) To shoot out the nose or
toss it in the air; / said of a horse.
Crabb.
Bore (?), n. 1. A hole
made by boring; a perforation.
2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun,
cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube.
The bores of wind instruments.
Bacon.
Love's counselor should fill the bores of
hearing.
Shak.
3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a
tube or gun barrel; the caliber.
4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an
auger.
5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.]
Yet are they much too light for the bore of the
matter.
Shak.
6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or
dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which
causes ennui.
It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his
own verses.
Hawthorne.
Bore, n. [Icel. b\'bera wave:
cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor height,
burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran,
E. 1st bear. (Physical
Geog.) (a) A tidal flood which regularly or
occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration
or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt
front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the
mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in
India, and the Tsien-tang, in China. (b) Less
properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt,
such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British
Channel.
Bore, imp. of 1st & 2d
Bear.
Bo"re*al (?), a. [L.
borealis: cf. F. bor\'82al. See
Boreas.] Northern; pertaining to the north,
or to the north wind; as, a boreal bird; a
boreal blast.
So from their own clear north in radiant streams,
Bright over Europe bursts the boreal morn.
Thomson.
\'d8Bo"re*as (?), n. [L.
boreas, Gr. /.] The north
wind; -- usually a personification.
Bore"cole` (?), n. [Cf. D.
boerenkool (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.] A
brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves,
which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but
are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale.
Bore"dom (?), n. 1.
The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of
ennui.
Dickens.
2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively.
Bo*ree" (?), n. Same as
Bourr\'90\'82. [Obs.]
Swift.
Bor"el (?), n. See
Borrel.
Bor"e*le (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The smaller two-horned rhinoceros of
South Africa (Atelodus bicornis).
Bor"er (?), n. 1. One
that bores; an instrument for boring.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine,
bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which
burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any
bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus,
etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances.
(c) One of the larv\'91 of many species of insects,
which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See
Apple borer, under Apple.
(d) The hagfish (Myxine).
Bo"ric (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron.
Boric acid, a white crystalline substance
B(OH)3, easily obtained from its salts, and
occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany.
Bo"ride (?), n. (Chem.)
A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic
element or radical; -- formerly called
boruret.
Bor"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the
boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship
timbers by certain marine mollusks.
One of the most important applications of boring is
in the formation of artesian wells.
Tomlinson.
2. A hole made by boring.
3. pl. The chips or fragments made by
boring.
Boring bar, a revolving or stationary bar,
carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes.
-- Boring tool (Metal Working), a
cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round
holes.
Knight.
Born (?), p. p. & a. [See
Bear, v. t.] 1. Brought
forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by
birth.
No one could be born into slavery in Mexico.
Prescott.
2. Having from birth a certain character; by or
from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar.
\'bdA born matchmaker.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Born again (Theol.), regenerated;
renewed; having received spiritual life. \'bdExcept a man be
born again, he can not see the kingdom of God.\'b8
John iii. 3. -- Born days, days since one
was born; lifetime. [Colloq.]
Borne (?), p. p. of Bear.
Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See Bear,
v. t.
Bor"ne*ol (?), n.
[Borneo + -ol.]
(Chem.) A rare variety of camphor,
C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from
which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the
camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops
camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in
European or American commerce, being in great request by the
Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor,
Malay camphor, and
camphol.
Bor"nite (?), n. [Named after
Von Born, a mineralogist.] (Min.)
A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and
sulphur; -- also called purple copper ore (or
erubescite), in allusion to the colors shown
upon the slightly tarnished surface.
Bo`ro*flu"or*ide (?), n.
[Boron + fluoride.]
(Chem.) A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen,
or some other positive element, or radical; -- called also
fluoboride, and formerly
fluoborate.
Bo"ro*glyc"er*ide (?), n.
[Boron + glyceride.]
(Chem.) A compound of boric acid and glycerin,
used as an antiseptic.
Bo"ron (?), n. [See
Borax.] (Chem.) A nonmetallic
element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with
difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several
different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a
semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to
the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature
also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals.
Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.
Bo"ro*sil"i*cate (?), n.
[Boron + silicate.]
(Chem.) A double salt of boric and silicic acids,
as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc.
Bor"ough (?), n. [OE.
burgh, burw, boru, port, town,
burrow, AS. burh, burg; akin to Icel., Sw.,
& Dan. borg, OS. & D. burg, OHG. puruc,
purc, MHG. burc, G. burg, Goth.
ba\'a3rgs; and from the root of AS. beorgan
to hide, save, defend, G. bergen; or perh. from that
of AS. beorg hill, mountain. /95. See Bury,
v. t., and cf. Burrow, Burg,
Bury, n., Burgess, Iceberg,
Borrow, Harbor, Hauberk.]
1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a
city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland,
a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain
district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction;
in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania
and Connecticut.
Burrill. Erskine.
2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants
of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a
tax.
Close borough, Pocket
borough, a borough having the right of sending a
member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a
single person. -- Rotten borough, a name
given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the
Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the
privilege of sending a member to Parliament.
Bor"ough, n. [See
Borrow.] (O. Eng. Law) (a)
An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the
king for the good behavior of each other. (b)
The pledge or surety thus given.
Blackstone. Tomlins.
Bor"ough-Eng"lish (?), n. (Eng.
Law) A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which
lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the
eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest
brother.
Blackstone.
Bor"ough*head` (?), n. See
Headborough. [Obs.]
Bor"ough*hold"er (?), n. A
headborough; a borsholder.
Bor"ough*mas"ter (?), n. [Cf.
Burgomaster.] The mayor, governor, or bailiff
of a borough.
Bor"ough*mon"ger (?), n. One
who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs.
{ Bor"ough*mon"ger*ing, Bor"ough*mon"ger*y
} (?), n. The practices of a
boroughmonger.
Bor*rach"o (?), n. See
Borachio. [Obs.]
Bor"rage (?), n.,
Bor*rag`i*na"ceous (/), a.,
etc. See Borage, n., etc.
Bor"rel (?), n. [OF.
burel a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F.
bure drugget. See Bureau. Rustic and common
people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its
color.] 1. Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse
clothing; a garment. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool.
Bor"rel, a. [Prob. from Borrel,
n.] Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the
laity. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bor"row (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Borrowed
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Borrowing.] [OE. borwen, AS.
borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge;
akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of
AS. beorgan to protect. /95. See 1st
Borough.] 1. To receive from another
as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning
the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite
of lend.
2. (Arith.) To take (one or more) from
the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next
lower; -- a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend
is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend.
3. To copy or imitate; to adopt; as, to
borrow the style, manner, or opinions of
another.
Rites borrowed from the ancients.
Macaulay.
It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to
borrow good words and holy sayings in abundance; but
to make them his own is a work of grace only from above.
Milton.
4. To feign or counterfeit.
\'bdBorrowed hair.\'b8
Spenser.
The borrowed majesty of England.
Shak.
5. To receive; to take; to derive.
Any drop thou borrowedst from thy mother.
Shak.
To borrow trouble, to be needlessly troubled;
to be overapprehensive.
Bor"row, n. 1. Something
deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage.
[Obs.]
Ye may retain as borrows my two priests.
Sir W. Scott.
2. The act of borrowing. [Obs.]
Of your royal presence I'll adventure
The borrow of a week.
Shak.
Bor"row*er (?), n. One who
borrows.
Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
Shak.
Bors"hold`er (?), n. [OE.
borsolder; prob. fr. AS. borg, gen.
borges, pledge + ealdor elder. See
Borrow, and Elder, a.]
(Eng. Law) The head or chief of a tithing, or
borough (see 2d Borough); the headborough; a parish
constable.
Spelman.
Bort (?), n. Imperfectly
crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting
good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary
work.
Bo"ru*ret (?), n. (Chem.)
A boride. [Obs.]
Bor"we (?), n. Pledge;
borrow. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Bos (?), n. [L., ox,
cow.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminant
quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished
by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging
from the neck.
\'d8Bo"sa (?), n. [Ar.
b/za, Pers. b/zah: cf. F.
bosan.] A drink, used in the East. See
Boza.
Bos"cage (?), n. [OF.
boscage grove, F. bocage, fr. LL.
boscus, buscus, thicket, wood. See 1st
Bush.] 1. A growth of trees or
shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded
landscape.
2. (O. Eng. Law) Food or sustenance for
cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on
wood.
Bosh (?), n. [Cf. G.
posse joke, trifle; It. bozzo a rough
stone, bozzetto a rough sketch, s-bozzo a
rough draught, sketch.] Figure; outline; show.
[Obs.]
Bosh, n. [Turk.] Empty talk;
contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug.
[Colloq.]
Bosh, n.; pl. Boshes
(#). [Cf. G. b\'94schung a
slope.]
1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a
blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the
bed of a puddling or boiling furnace.
2. pl. The lower part of a blast
furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of
this part.
3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools
and ingots are cooled.
\'d8Bosh"bok (?), n. [D.
bosch wood + bok buck.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of antelope. See Bush
buck.
\'d8Bosh"vark (?), n. [D.
bosch wood + varken pig.]
(Zo\'94l.) The bush hog. See under Bush,
a thicket.
\'d8Bos"jes*man (?), n.;
pl. Bosjesmans. [D.
boschjesman.] See Bushman.
Bosk (?), n. [See
Bosket.] A thicket; a small wood.
\'bdThrough bosk and dell.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Bos"kage (?), n. Same as
Boscage.
Thridding the somber boskage of the wood.
Tennyson.
{ Bos"ket, Bos"quet } (?),
n. [F. bosquet a little wood, dim. fr.
LL. boscus. See Boscage, and cf.
Bouquet.] (Gardening) A grove; a
thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees,
regularly or irregularly disposed.
Bosk"i*ness (?), n. Boscage;
also, the state or quality of being bosky.
Bosk"y (?), a. [Cf.
Bushy.] 1. Woody or bushy; covered
with boscage or thickets.
Milton.
2. Caused by boscage.
Darkened over by long bosky shadows.
H. James.
Bos"om (?), n. [AS.
b/sm; akin to D. bozem, Fries.
b/sm, OHG. puosum, G. busen,
and prob. E. bough.] 1. The breast
of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything
is pressed when embraced by them.
You must prepare your bosom for his knife.
Shak.
2. The breast, considered as the seat of the
passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness;
se//et thoughts.
Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know
Wherefore they do it.
Shak.
If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity
in my bosom.
Job xxxi. 33.
3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure;
fold.
Within the bosom of that church.
Hooker.
4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a
supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the
bosom of the earth. \'bdThe bosom
of the ocean.\'b8
Addison.
5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an
article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the
breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen
bosom.
He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it
out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow.
Ex. iv. 6.
6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.]
Shak.
7. A depression round the eye of a millstone.
Knight.
Bos"om, a. 1. Of or pertaining
to the bosom.
2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted;
cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend.
Bos"om, v. t. [p. & p. p.
Bosomed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bosoming.] 1. To inclose or
carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to
cherish.
Bosom up my counsel,
You'll find it wholesome.
Shak.
2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom.
To happy convents bosomed deep in vines.
Pope.
Bos"omed (?), a. Having, or
resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden.
Bos"om*y (?), a. Characterized
by recesses or sheltered hollows.
Bo"son (?), n. See
Boatswain. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Bos*po"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Bosporus, G. /, lit., ox-ford,
the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a
heifer; fr. / ox, heifer + /
ford.] Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the
Cimmerian Bosporus.
The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them
tribute and exterminated the Taurians.
Tooke.
Bos"po*rus (?), n. [L.]
A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a
seas; as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian
Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and
Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian Bosporus, between the
Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written also
Bosphorus.]
Bos"quet (?), n. See
Bosket.
Boss (?), n.; pl.
Bosses (#). [OE. boce,
bose, boche, OF. boce,
boche, bosse, F. bosse, of G.
origin; cf. OHG. b\'d3zo tuft, bunch, OHG.
b\'d3zan, MHG. b\'93zen, to beat. See
Beat, and cf. Botch a swelling.]
1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or
body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of
wood.
2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of
different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon
a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a
shield. See Umbilicus.
<-- p. 169 -->
3. (Arch.) A projecting ornament placed
at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or
flat, and in other situations.
4. [Cf. D. bus box, Dan.
b\'94sse.] A wooden vessel for the mortar
used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from
the rounds of a ladder.
Gwilt.
5. (Mech.) (a) The enlarged
part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where
it is coupled to another. (b) A swage or die
used for shaping metals.
6. A head or reservoir of water.
[Obs.]
Boss (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bossed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bossing.]
[OE. bocen, fr. OF. bocier. See the
preceding word.] To ornament with bosses; to
stud.
Boss, n. [D. baas
master.] A master workman or superintendent; a
director or manager; a political dictator. [Slang, U.
S.]
Boss"age (?), n. [F.
bossage, fr. bosse. See Boss a
stud.] 1. (Arch.) A stone in a
building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into
shape.
Gwilt.
2. (Arch.) Rustic work, consisting of
stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by
reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings.
Gwilt.
Bossed (?), a. Embossed; also,
bossy.
Bos"set (?), n. [Cf.
Boss a stud.] (Zo\'94l.) A
rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer.
Boss"ism (?), n. The rule or
practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang,
U. S.]
Boss"y (?), a. Ornamented with
bosses; studded.
Bos"sy, n. [Dim. fr. Prov. E.
boss in boss-calf, buss-calf,
for boose-calf, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See
1st Boose.] A cow or calf; -- familiarly so
called. [U. S.]
Bos"ton (?), n. A game at
cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards
each; -- said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to
have been invented by officers of the French army in America
during the Revolutionary war.
Bos*well"i*an (?), a. Relating
to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of Dr.
Johnson.
Bos"well*ism (?), n. The style
of Boswell.
Bot (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Bots.
{ Bo*tan"ic (?), Bo*tan"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
botanique. See Botany.] Of or
pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a
botanical system, arrangement, textbook,
expedition. -- Botan"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the
culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the
science of botany. -- Botanic physician, a
physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and
roots.
Bot"a*nist (?), n. [Cf. F.
botaniste.] One skilled in botany; one
versed in the knowledge of plants.
Bot"a*nize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Botanized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Botanizing
(#).] [Cf. F.
botaniser.] To seek after plants for
botanical investigation; to study plants.
Bot"a*nize, v. t. To explore for
botanical purposes.
Bot"a*ni`zer (?), n. One who
botanizes.
Bot`a*nol"o*ger (?), n. A
botanist. [Obs.]
Bot`a*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Botany + -logy: cf. F.
botanologie.] The science of botany.
[Obs.]
Bailey.
Bot"a*no*man`cy (?), n.
[Botany + -mancy: cf. F.
botanomantie.] An ancient species of
divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves.
Bot"a*ny (?), n.; pl.
Botanies (#). [F.
botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. /
botanic, fr. / herb, plant, fr. / to
feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of
the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their
places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are
employed in their description and denomination. See
Plant.
2. A book which treats of the science of
botany.
Structural Botany, which investigates the structure
and organic composition of plants; Physiological
Botany, the study of their functions and life; and
Systematic Botany, which has to do with their
classification, description, nomenclature, etc.
Bot"a*ny Bay" (?). A harbor on the east
coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; --
so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its
discovery by Cook in 1770.
Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort.
Botany Bay kino (Med.), an
astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice
of several Australian species of Eucalyptus. --
Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of
reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of
different Australian species of Xanthorrh\'91a, esp.
the grass three (X. hastilis.)
Bo*tar"go (?), n. [It.
bottarga, bottarica; or Sp.
botarga; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide
breeches: cf. F. boutargue.] A sort of cake
or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on
the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink.
Botch (?), n.; pl.
Botches (#). [Same as Boss a stud.
For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E.
beat.] 1. A swelling on the skin;
a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease.
[Obs. or Dial.]
Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss.
Milton.
2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched
or mended in a clumsy manner.
3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy
performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the
doing, or not properly finished; a bungle.
To leave no rubs nor botches in the work.
Shak.
Botch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Botched (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Botching.] [See
Botch, n.] 1. To mark
with, or as with, botches.
Young Hylas, botched with stains.
Garth.
2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or
imperfect manner, as a garment; -- sometimes with
up.
Sick bodies . . . to be kept and botched up for a
time.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to
express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by
unskillful work.
For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane.
Dryden.
Botch"ed*ly (?), adv. In a
clumsy manner.
Botch"er (?), n. 1.
One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler.
Shak.
2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A young salmon; a
grilse.
Botch"er*ly, a. Bungling; awkward.
[R.]
Botch"er*y (?), n. A botching,
or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless
workmanship.
Botch"y (?), a. Marked with
botches; full of botches; poorly done. \'bdThis
botchy business.\'b8
Bp. Watson.
Bote (?), n. [Old form of
boot; -- used in composition. See 1st
Boot.] (Law) (a)
Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man
bote, a compensation or a man slain.
(b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier.
(c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries.
estovers, supplies, necessaries; as,
housebote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or
for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so
plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or
repairing instruments of husbandry; haybote or
hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were
privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system.
Burrill. Bouvier. Blackstone.
Bote"less, a. Unavailing; in vain. See
Bootless.
Bot"fly` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A dipterous insect of the family
(Estrid\'91, of many different species, some of which
are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse,
ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species
is one of the botflies of the horse (Gastrophilus
equi), the larv\'91 of which (bots) are taken
into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months
and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one
species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the
stomach. See Gadfly.
Both (?), a. or pron. [OE.
bothe, ba/e, fr. Icel.
b\'be/ir; akin to Dan. baade, Sw.
b\'86da, Goth. baj//s, OHG.
beid/, b/d/, G. & D.
beide, also AS. begen, b\'be,
b/, Goth. bai, and Gr. /, L.
ambo, Lith. ab\'85, OSlav. oba,
Skr. ubha. Amb-.]
The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception
of either.
of.
It frequently stands as a pronoun.
She alone is heir to both of us.
Shak.
Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and
both of them made a covenant.
Gen. xxi. 27.
He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the
loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he
is prepared for both.
Bolingbroke.
It is often used in apposition with nouns or
pronouns.
Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes.
Shak.
This said, they both betook them several ways.
Milton.
Both now always precedes any other attributive
words; as, both their armies; both our eyes.
Both of is used before pronouns in the objective
case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before
substantives its used is colloquial, both (without
of) being the preferred form; as, both the
brothers.
Both, conj. As well; not only;
equally.
Both precedes the first of two co\'94rdinate
words or phrases, and is followed by and before the
other, both . . . and . . . ; as well the one
as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former
and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two
co\'94rdinate words, connected by and expressed or
understood.
To judge both quick and dead.
Milton.
A masterpiece both for argument and style.
Goldsmith.
To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene.
Chaucer.
Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound.
Goldsmith.
He prayeth well who loveth well
Both man and bird and beast.
Coleridge.
Both"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bothered (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.]
[Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim
I vex.] To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex.
See Pother.
Both"er, v. i. To feel care or anxiety;
to make or take trouble; to be troublesome.
Without bothering about it.
H. James.
Both"er, n. One who, or that which,
bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry;
disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a
bother.
Both`er*a"tion (?), n. The act
of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble;
perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.]
Both"er*er (?), n. One who
bothers.
Both"er*some (?), a. Vexatious;
causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.
Both"-hands` (?), n. A
factotum. [R.]
He is his master's both-hands, I assure you.
B. Jonson.
Both"ie (?), n. Same as
Bothy. [Scot.]
{ Both"ni*an (?), Both"nic
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same
name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea.
\'d8Both*ren"chy*ma (?), n.
[Gr. / pit + / something poured
in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.)
Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in
many kinds of wood.
{ Both"y (?) Booth"y }
(?) n.; pl. -ies
(#) [Scottish. Cf. Booth.]
A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for
unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a
booth. [Scot.]
\'d8Bo`to*cu"dos (?), n. pl.
[Pg. botoque stopple. So called because they wear
a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.] A Brazilian
tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; -- also called
Aymbor\'82s.
Bo" tree` (?). (Bot.) The
peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at
Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under
which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so
to have become Buddha.
The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus
religiosa), which is planted close to every temple, and
attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god
himself. . . . It differs from the banyan (Ficus
Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches.
Tennent.
Bot"ry*o*gen (?), n. [Gr.
/ cluster of grapes + -gen.]
(Min.) A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red
color. It often occurs in botryoidal form.
{ Bot"ry*oid (?), Bot`ry*oid"al
(?), } a. [Gr. /
cluster of grapes + -oid.] Having the form
of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral
presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal
prominences.
Bot"ry*o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
/ cluster of grapes + -lite.]
(Min.) A variety of datolite, usually having a
botryoidal structure.
Bot"ry*ose` (?), a.
(Bot.) (a) Having the form of a cluster
of grapes. (b) Of the racemose or acropetal
type of inflorescence.
Gray.
Bots (?), n. pl. [Cf. Gael.
botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.]
(Zo\'94l.) The larv\'91 of several species of
botfly, especially those larv\'91 which infest the stomach,
throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the
cause of various ailments. [Written also
botts.] See Illust. of
Botfly.
Bot*tine" (?), n. [F. See
Boot (for the foot.).]
1. A small boot; a lady's boot.
2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished
with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent
distortions in the lower extremities of children.
Dunglison.
Bot"tle (?), n. [OE.
bote, botelle, OF. botel,
bouteille, F. bouteille, fr. LL.
buticula, dim. of butis, buttis,
butta, flask. Cf. Butt a cask.]
1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware
(but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for
holding liquids.
2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle
contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine.
3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown
one's reason in the bottle.
Bottle is much used adjectively, or as
the first part of a compound.
Bottle ale, bottled ale.
[Obs.] Shak. -- Bottle brush,
a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of
bottles. -- Bottle fish (Zo\'94l.),
a kind of deep-sea eel (Saccopharynx ampullaceus),
remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow
fishes two or three times its won size. -- Bottle
flower. (Bot.) Same as
Bluebottle. -- Bottle glass, a
coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles.
Ure. -- Bottle gourd (Bot.),
the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris),
whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. --
Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious
fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S.
viridis); -- called also foxtail, and
green foxtail. -- Bottle tit
(Zo\'94l.), the European long-tailed titmouse; --
so called from the shape of its nest. -- Bottle
tree (Bot.), an Australian tree
(Sterculia rupestris), with a bottle-shaped, or
greatly swollen, trunk. -- Feeding bottle,
Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber
nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding
infants.
Bot"tle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bottled (#) p. pr. & vb. n.
Bottling (#).] To put into
bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or
restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or
porter; to bottle up one's wrath.
Bot"tle, n. [OE. botel, OF.
botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG.
bozo bunch. See Boss stud.] A
bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer. Shak.
Bot"tled (?), a. 1.
Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in,
a bottle.
2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant.
Shak.
Bot"tle green` (?) A dark shade of green,
like that of bottle glass. --
Bot"tle-green`, a.
Bot"tle*head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A cetacean allied to the grampus; --
called also bottle-nosed whale<-- bottle-nosed
dolphin? -->.
Globicephalus, and one or more
species of Hypero\'94don (H. bidens, etc.),
found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1.
Bot"tle*hold`er (?), n. 1.
One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; -- so called
from the bottle of water of which he has charge.
2. One who assists or supports another in a
contest; an abettor; a backer. [Colloq.]
Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder
of oppressed states.
The London Times.
Bot"tle-nose` (/), n.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. A cetacean of the Dolphin
family, of several species, as Delphinus Tursio and
Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus, of Europe.
2. The puffin.
Bot"tle-nosed` (/), a. Having
the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end.
Dickens.
Bot"tler (?), n. One who
bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.
Bot"tle*screw` (?) n. A
corkscrew.
Swift.
Bot"tling (?) n. The act or the
process of putting anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water,
etc.) and corking the bottles.
<-- p. 170 -->
Bot"tom (?), n. [OE.
botum, botme, AS. botm; akin to
OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam,
G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw.
botten, Dan. bund (for budn ),
L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr./ (for /),
Skr. budhna (for bhudhna), and Ir.
bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, base.
\'fb257>. Cf. 4th Found, Fund,
n.]
1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as,
the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a
hill, a lane, or a page.
Or dive into the bottom of the deep.
Shak.
2. The part of anything which is beneath the
contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a
person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or
the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface.
Barrels with the bottom knocked out.
Macaulay.
No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and
leather bottoms and worsted bottoms.
W. Irving.
3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in
a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.
4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake,
sea.
5. The fundament; the buttocks.
6. An abyss. [Obs.]
Dryden.
7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a
river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley. \'bdThe
bottoms and the high grounds.\'b8
Stoddard.
8. (Naut.) The part of a ship which is
ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship.
My ventures are not in one bottom trusted.
Shak.
Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the
same bottoms in which they were shipped.
Bancroft.
Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits
carrying a large amount of merchandise.
9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good
bottom.
10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment.
Johnson.
At bottom, At the bottom,
at the foundation or basis; in reality. \'bdHe was at
the bottom a good man.\'b8 J. F. Cooper. --
To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or
originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an
opprobrious sense.] J. H. Newman.
He was at the bottom of many excellent
counsels.
Addison.
-- To go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be
wrecked. -- To touch bottom, to reach the
lowest point; to find something on which to rest.
Bot"tom, a. Of or pertaining to the
bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock;
the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom
prices.
Bottom glade, a low glade or open place; a
valley; a dale.
Milton.
-Bottom grass, grass growing on bottom
lands. -- Bottom land. See 1st
Bottom, n., 7.
Bot"tom, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bottomed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bottoming.]
1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a
support; -- followed by on or upon.
Action is supposed to be bottomed upon
principle.
Atterbury.
Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many
bottom their eternal state].
South.
2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to
bottom a chair.
3. To reach or get to the bottom of.
Smiles.
Bot"tom, v. i. 1. To rest, as
upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually
with on or upon.
Find on what foundation any proposition
bottoms.
Locke.
2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to
impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom
of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a
cylinder.
Bot"tom, n. [OE. botme, perh.
corrupt. for button. See Button.]
A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon.
[Obs.]
Silkworms finish their bottoms in . . . fifteen
days.
Mortimer.
Bot"tom, v. t. To wind round something,
as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.]
As you unwind her love from him,
Lest it should ravel and be good to none,
You must provide to bottom it on me.
Shak.
Bot"tomed (?), a. Having at the
bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; --
mostly, in composition; as, sharp-bottomed;
well-bottomed.
Bot"tom*less, a. Without a bottom;
hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless
abyss. \'bdBottomless speculations.\'b8
Burke.
Bot"tom*ry (?), n. [From 1st
Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij. Cf.
Bummery.] (Mar.Law) A contract in
the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the
master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and
sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of
money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates
her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the
sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he
is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium
stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal
rate of interest. See Hypothecation.
{ Bot"ton*y (?), Bot"to*n\'82
(?), } a. [F.
boutonn\'82, fr. boutonner to bud,
button.] (Her.) Having a bud or button, or
a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or
buttons.
Cross bottony (Her.), a cross
having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a
sort of trefoil.cd>
Botts (?), n. pl.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bots.
Bot"u*li*form` (?), a. [L.
botulus sausage + -form.]
(Bot.) Having the shape of a sausage.
Henslow.
\'d8Bouche (?), n. [F.]
Same as Bush, a lining.
Bouche, v. t. Same as Bush, to
line.
{ \'d8Bouche, Bouch } (?),
n. [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]
1. A mouth. [Obs.]
2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of
inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at
court. [Obs.]
\'d8Bou`ch\'82es" (?), n. pl.
[F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.]
(Cookery) Small patties.
Boud (?), n. A weevil; a worm
that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.]
Tusser.
(?), n. [F., fr.
bouder to pout, be sulky.] A small room,
esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may
retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or
sometimes a gentleman's) private room.
Cowper.au>
\'d8Bouffe (?), n. [F.,
buffoon.] Comic opera. See Opera
Bouffe.
\'d8Bou`gain*vil*l\'91`a (?), n.
[Named from Bougainville, the French
navigator.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the
order Nyctoginace\'91, from tropical South America, having the
flowers surrounded by large bracts.
Bouge (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bouged
(#)] [Variant of bulge. Cf.
Bowge.]
1. To swell out. [Obs.]
2. To bilge. [Obs.] \'bdTheir
ship bouged.\'b8
Hakluyt.
Bouge, v. t. To stave in; to
bilge. [Obs.]
Holland.
Bouge, n. [F. bouche mouth,
victuals.] Bouche (see Bouche, 2); food and
drink; provisions. [Obs.]
[They] made room for a bombardman that brought
bouge for a country lady or two, that fainted . . .
with fasting.
B. Jonson.
Bou"get (?), n. [Cf. F.
bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.]
(Her.) A charge representing a leather vessel for
carrying water; -- also called water
bouget.
Bough (?), n. [OE.
bogh, AS. b\'d3g, b\'d3h, bough,
shoulder; akin to Icel. b\'d3gr shoulder, bow of a
ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG.
buog, G. bug, and to Gr./ ( for / )
forearm, Skr. b\'behu (for bh\'beghu) arm.
Bow of a ship.]
1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or
main branch.
2. A gallows. [Archaic]
Spenser.
Bought (?), n. [Cf. Dan.
bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug/a. Cf.
Bight, Bout, and see Bow to
bend.]
1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as
in a rope; as the boughts of a serpent.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
The boughts of the fore legs.
Sir T. Browne.
2. The part of a sling that contains the
stone. [Obs.]
Bought (?), imp. & p. p. of
Buy.
Bought, p. a. Purchased; bribed.
Bought"en (?), a. Purchased;
not obtained or produced at home.
Coleridge.
Bought"y (?), a. Bending.
[Obs.]
Sherwood.
\'d8Bou*gie" (/), n. [F.
bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie,
Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these
candles were first imported into Europe.]
1. (Surg.) A long, flexible instrument,
that is
introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove
obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made
of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.
2. (Pharm.) A long slender rod
consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the
temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and
designed for introduction into urethra, etc.
\'d8Bou`illi" (/), n. [F.,
fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery)
Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water
from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or
soup has been made.
\'d8Bou`illon" (/), n. [F.,
fr. bouillir to boil.]
1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef,
or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth.
2. (Far.) An excrescence on a horse's
frush or frog.
Bouk (?), n. [AS.
b\'81c/ belly; akin to G. bauch, Icel.
b\'81/kr body.]
1. The body. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.]
Boul (?), n. A curved
handle.
Sir W. Scott.
Bou*lan"ger*ite (?), n. [From
Boulanger, a French mineralogist.]
(Min.) A mineral of a bluish gray color and
metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact. It is
sulphide of antimony and lead.
Bul"der (?), n. Same as
Bowlder.
Boul"der*y (?), a.
Characterized by bowlders.
{ Boule (?), Boule"work` }
(?), n. Same as Buhl,
Buhlwork.
\'d8Bou"le*vard` (?), n. [F.
boulevard, boulevart, fr. G.
bollwerk. See Bulwark.]
1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of
fortification or fortified town.
2. A public walk or street occupying the site of
demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a
city.
\'d8Boule`verse`ment" (?), n.
[F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.]
Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.
Buolt (?), n. Corrupted form
Bolt.
{ Boul"tel (?), Boul"tin }
(?), n. (Arch.) (a)
A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle,
being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman
Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo. (b) One of
the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also
bowtel, boltel, boultell,
etc.]
Boul"ter (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A long, stout fishing line to which many
hooks are attached.
Boun (?), a. [See
Bound ready.] Ready; prepared; destined;
tending. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Boun, v. t. To make or get ready.
Sir W. Scott.
Bounce (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bounced
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Bouncing
(#).] [OE. bunsen; cf. D.
bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG.
bunsen to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]
1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make
a sudden noise; a knock loudly.
Another bounces as hard as he can knock.
Swift.
Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart.
Dryden.
2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously;
to bound; as, she bounced into the room.
Out bounced the mastiff.
Swift.
Bounced off his arm+chair.
Thackeray.
3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster.
[Obs.]
Bounce, v. t. 1. To drive
against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump.
Swift.
2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to
toss.
3. To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge
unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U.
S.]
4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.]
J. Fletcher.
Bounce (?), n.
1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.
2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or
thump.
The bounce burst open the door.
Dryden.
3. An explosion, or the noise of one.
[Obs.]
4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious
exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer.
Johnson. De Quincey./
5. (Zo\'94l.) A dogfish of Europe
(Scyllium catulus).
Bounce, adv. With a sudden leap;
suddenly.
This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me.
Bickerstaff.
Boun"cer (?), n. 1.
One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise
in moving.
2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.]
Johnson.
3. A bold lie; also, a liar.
[Collog.]
Marryat.
4. Something big; a good stout example of the
kind.
The stone must be a bouncer.
De Quincey.
Boun"cing (?), a. 1.
Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom.
Many tall and bouncing young ladies.
Thackeray.
2. Excessive; big. \'bdA bouncing
reckoning.\'b8
B. & Fl.
Bouncing Bet (Bot.), the common
soapwort (Saponaria officinalis).
Harper's Mag.
Boun"cing*ly, adv. With a bounce.
Bound (?), n. [OE.
bounde, bunne, OF. bonne,
bonde, bodne, F. borne, fr. LL.
bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of
Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and
boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of trees, by
which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf.
Bourne.] The external or limiting line,
either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which
limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or
restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary.
He hath compassed the waters with bounds.
Job xxvi. 10.
On earth's remotest bounds.
Campbell.
And mete the bounds of hate and love.
Tennyson.
To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass
beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or
discretion.
Syn. -- See Boundary.
Bound, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bounding.]
1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest
point of extension of; -- said of natural or of moral objects; to
lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe;
to restrain; to confine.
Where full measure only bounds excess.
Milton.
Phlegethon . . .
Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds.
Dryden.
2. To name the boundaries of; as, to
bound France.
Bound, v. i. [F. bondir to
leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap, resound,
fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum, fr. bombus a
humming, buzzing. See Bomb.]
1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a
succession of springs or leaps; as the beast bounded
from his den; the herd bounded across the plain.
Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds.
Pope.
And the waves bound beneath me as a steed
That knows his rider.
Byron.
2. To rebound, as an elastic ball.
Bound, v. t. 1. To make to
bound or leap; as, to bound a horse.
[R.]
Shak.
2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will
rebound; as, to bound a ball on the
floor. [Collog.]
Bound, n. 1. A leap; an
elastic spring; a jump.
A bound of graceful hardihood.
Wordsworth.
2. Rebound; as, the bound of a
ball.
Johnson.
3. (Dancing) Spring from one foot to the
other.
Bound, imp. & p. p. of
Bind.
Bound, p. p. & a. 1.
Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the
like.
2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a
bound volume.
3. Under legal or moral restraint or
obligation.
4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; --
followed by the infinitive; as, he is bound to
succeed; he is bound to fail.
5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do
it. [Collog. U. S.]
6. Constipated; costive.
bound,
windbound, hidebound, etc.
Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a
sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The
sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the
bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful
discharge of his trust. -- Bound up in,
entirely devoted to; inseparable from.
Bound, a. [Past p. of OE.
bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready,
prepared, fr. Icel. b\'81/inn, p. p. of
b\'81a/ to dwell, prepare; akin to E.
boor and bower. See Bond,
a., and cf. Busk, v.]
Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; -- with
to or for, or with an adverb of motion;
as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for
Cadiz. \'bdThe mariner bound homeward.\'b8
Cowper.
Bound"a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Boundaries (/) [From
Bound a limit; cf. LL. bonnarium piece of
land with fixed limits.] That which indicates or fixes
a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a
bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit.
But still his native country lies
Beyond the boundaries of the skies.
N. Cotton.
That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of
Louth and Meath.
Macaulay.
Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our
thoughts.
Locke.
Syn. -- Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier;
verge; confines; precinct. Bound,
Boundary. Boundary, in its original and
strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit.
Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the
two words are made interchangeable.
Bound"en (?), p.p & a. [Old. p.
p. of bind.]
1. Bound; fastened by bonds.
[Obs.]
<-- p. 171 -->
2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered;
obliged; beholden.
This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden
duty toward our Lord God in every point.
Ridley.
3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty;
binding.
I am much bounden to your majesty.
Shak.
Bound"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, limits; a boundary.
Sir T. Herbert.
Bound"ing, a. Moving with a bound or
bounds.
The bounding pulse, the languid limb.
Montgomery.
Bound"less, a. Without bounds or
confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. \'bdThe
boundless sky.\'b8 Bryant. \'bdThe
boundless ocean.\'b8 Dryden.
\'bdBoundless rapacity.\'b8 \'bdBoundless
prospect of gain.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable;
infinite.
-- Bound"less*ly, adv. --
Bound"less*ness, n.
Boun"te*ous (?), a. [OE.
bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]
Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously
liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as,
bounteous production.
But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good.
Cowper.
-- Boun"te*ous*ly, adv. --
Boun"te*ous*ness, n.
Boun"ti*ful (?), a.
1. Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and
favors.
God, the bountiful Author of our being.
Locke.
2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a
bountiful supply of food.
Syn. -- Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous.
-- Boun"ti*ful*ly, adv. --
Boun"ti*ful*ness, n.
{ Boun"ti*head (?), Boun"ty*hood
(?), } n. Goodness;
generosity. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Boun"ty, n.; pl. Bounties
(#). [OE. bounte goodness,
kindness, F. bont\'82, fr. L. bonitas, fr.
bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr.
duvas honor, respect.]
1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth.
[Obs.]
Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty.
Gower.
2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors;
gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence.
My bounty is as boundless as the sea.
Shak.
3. That which is given generously or
liberally. \'bdThy morning bounties.\'b8
Cowper.
4. A premium offered or given to induce men to
enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of
industry, as husbandry or manufactures.
Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part
of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and
deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty.
[Collog.] -- Queen Anne's bounty
(Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's
reign for augmenting poor clerical livings.
Syn. -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.
Bou*quet" (?), n. [F.
bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for
bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood,
dim. of LL. boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf.
Bosket, Busket.]
1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.
2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the
bouquet of wine.
\'d8Bou`que*tin" (?), n.
[F.] (Zo\'94l.) The ibex.
Bour (?), n. [See
Bower a chamber.] A chamber or a
cottage. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bour"bon (?), n. [From the
castle and seigniory of Bourbon in central
France.]
1. A member of a family which has occupied several
European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of
France.
2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or
politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate
conservative.
Bour"bon*ism (?), n. The
principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate
conservatism.
Bour"bon*ist, n. One who adheres to the
house of Bourbon; a legitimist.
Bour"bon whis"ky. See under Whisky.
Bourd (?), n. [F.
bourde fib, lie, OF. borde,
bourde, jest, joke.] A jest.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bourd (?), v. i. To jest.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bourd"er (?), n. A
jester. [Obs.]
Bour"don (?), n. [F., fr. L.
burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf.
Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch,
prop.] A pilgrim's staff.
\'d8Bour"don` (?), n. [F. See
Burden a refrain.] (Mus.) (a)
A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See
Burden (of a song.) (b) A kind of
organ stop.
Bour*geois" (?), n. [From a
French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F.
bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an
intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G.
bourgeois, borgis. Cf.
Burgess.] (Print.) A size of type
between long primer and brevier. See Type.
This line is printed in
bourgeois type.
\'d8Bour*geois" (?), n. [F.,
fr. bourg town; of German origin. See
Burgess.] A man of middle rank in society;
one of the shopkeeping class. [France.]
a. Characteristic of the middle class, as
in France.
\'d8Bour*geoi*sie", n. [F.]
The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned
in, or dependent on, trade.
Bour"geon (?), v. i. [OE.
burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F.
bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf.
OHG. burjan to raise.] To sprout; to put
forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch.
Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow.
Sir W. Scott.
\'d8Bou"ri (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A mullet (Mugil
capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in
Africa.
{ Bourn, Bourne } (?),
n. [OE. burne, borne, AS.
burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G.
born, brunnen, OHG. prunno,
Goth. brunna, Icel. brunnr, and perh. to
Gr. /. The root is prob. that of burn, v., because
the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling
from the earth. Cf. Torrent, and see Burn,
v.] A stream or rivulet; a burn.
My little boat can safely pass this perilous
bourn.
Spenser.
{ Bourn, Bourne } (?),
n. [F. borne. See Bound a
limit.] A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point
aimed at; goal.
Where the land slopes to its watery bourn.
Cowper.
The undiscovered country, from whose bourn
No traveler returns.
Shak.
Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song.
Wordsworth.
To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual
bourne.
Tyndall.
Bourn"less, a. Without a bourn or
limit.
Bour"non*ite (?), n. [Named
after Count/ Bournon, a
minerologist.] (Min.) A mineral of a
steel-gray to black color and metallic luster, occurring
crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel
ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and
copper.
Bour*nous" (?), n. See
Burnoose.
\'d8Bour*r\'82e (?), n.
[F.] (Mus.) An old French dance tune
in common time.
\'d8Bourse (?), n. [F.
bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr.
Gr./ skin, hide, of which a purse was usually made. Cf.
Purse, Burse.] An exchange, or place
where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain
hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.
Bouse (?), v. i. To drink
immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze.
Bouse, n. Drink, esp. alcoholic drink;
also, a carouse; a booze. \'bdA good bouse of
liquor.\'b8
Carlyle.
Bous"er (?), n. A toper; a
boozer.
\'d8Bou`stro*phe"don (?), n.
[Gr. / turning like oxen in plowing; / to turn.]
An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one
line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as
fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.
Bou*stroph`e*don"ic (?), a.
Relating to the boustrophedon made of writing.
Bou*storph"ic (?), a. [Gr. /
/ox-guiding.] Boustrophedonic.
Bousy (?), a. Drunken; sotted;
boozy.
In his cups the bousy poet songs.
Dryden.
Bout (?), n. [A different
spelling and application of bought bend.]
1. As much of an action as is performed at one
time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing,
etc.; a turn; a round.
In notes with many a winding bout
Of linked sweetness long drawn out.
Milton.
The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no
danger of starving for this bout.
Goldsmith.
2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at
anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking
bout.
The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one
bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it.
Shak.
Bou*tade" (?), n. [F., fr.
bouter to thrust. See Butt.] An
outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.]
Boute"feu (?), n. [F.;
bouter to thrust, put + feu fire.]
An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels.
[Obs.]
Animated by . . . John \'85 Chamber, a very
boutefeu, . . . they entered into open rebellion.
Bacon.
\'d8Bou`ton`ni\'8are" (?), n.
[F., buttonhole.] A bouquet worn in a
buttonhole.
\'d8Bouts`-ri*m\'82s" (?), n. pl.
[F. bout end + rim\'82 rhymed.]
Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be
filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are
offered.
Bo"vate (?), n. [LL.
bovata, fr. bos, bovis,
ox.] (O.Eng.Law.) An oxgang, or as much
land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of
indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen
acres.
Bo"vey coal` (?). (Min.) A kind
of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and
generally a disagreeable odor; -- found at Bovey
Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the
o\'94lite, and not of the true coal era.
Bo"vid (?), a. [L.
bos, bovis, ox, cow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Relating to that tribe of ruminant
mammals of which the genus Bos is the type.
Bo"vi*form (?), a. [L.
bos, bovis, ox + -form.]
Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped. [R.]
Bo"vine (?), a. [LL.
bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox,
cow: cf. F. bovine. See Cow.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to the
genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow;
oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine
antelope.
2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows;
sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine
temperament.
The bovine gaze of gaping rustics.
W. Black.
Bow (bou), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bowed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.]
[OE. bowen, bogen, bugen,
AS. b\'d4gan (generally v.i.); akin to D.
buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen,
beugen, Icel. boginn bent,
beygja to bend, Sw. b\'94ja, Dan.
b\'94ie, bugne, Coth. biugan;
also to L. fugere to flee, Gr. /, and Skr.
bhuj to bend. Fugitive.]
1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend;
to inflect; to make crooked or curved.
We bow things the contrary way, to make them come
to their natural straightness.
Milton.
The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst
kind of tyranny.
Prescott.
2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence
over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.
Adversities do more bow men's minds to
religion.
Bacon.
Not to bow and bias their opinions.
Fuller.
3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in
token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or
condescension.
They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the
ground before him.
2 Kings ii. 15.
4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to
depress,;/ to crush; to subdue.
Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave.
Shak.
5. To express by bowing; as, to bow
one's thanks.
Bow (bou), v. i. 1. To
bend; to curve. [Obs.]
2. To stop. [Archaic]
They stoop, they bow down together.
Is. xlvi. 2/
3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of
reverence or submission; -- often with down.
O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel
before the Lord our maker.
Ps. xcv. 6.
4. To incline the head in token of salutation,
civility, or assent; to make bow.
Admired, adored by all circling crowd,
For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed.
Dryden.
Bow (bou), n. An inclination of
the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence,
respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a
bow of deep humility.
Bow (b\'d3), n. [OE.
bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS.
b\'81/gan to bend; akin to D. boog, G.
bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow,
v. t.]
1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the
rainbow.
I do set my bow in the cloud.
Gen. ix. 13.
2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other
elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means
of which an arrow is propelled.
3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed
by doubling a ribbon or string.
4. The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an
ox and fastens it to the yoke.
5. (Mus.) An appliance consisting of an
elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to
end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument.
6. An acrograph.
7. (Mech. & Manuf.) Any instrument
consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string,
employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for
preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by
hatters.
8. (Naut.) A rude sort of quadrant
formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.
9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl.
Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a
saddletree.
Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under
officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. --
Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and
string. -- Bow instrument (Mus.),
any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by
the bow. -- Bow window (Arch.) See
Bay window. -- To draw a long bow,
to lie; to exaggerate. [Colloq.]
Bow (b\'d3), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bowed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] To
play (music) with a bow. -- v. i. To
manage the bow.
Bow (b\'d3), n. [Icel.
b\'d3gr shoulder, bow of a ship. See
Bough.]
1. (Naut.) The bending or rounded part
of a ship forward; the stream or prow.
2. (Naut.) One who rows in the forward
part of a boat; the bow oar.
Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the
bow for firing while chasing another vessel.
Totten.
- Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at
the bow of a ship. -- On the bow
(Naut.), on that part of the horizon within
45
Totten.
Bow"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding.
[Obs.]
Bow"bell` (?), n. One born
within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney.
Halliwell.
Bow"-bells` (?), n. pl. The
bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom.
People born within the sound of Bow-bells are
usually called cockneys.
Murray's Handbook of London.
Bow"bent` (?), a. Bent, like a
bow.
Milton.
Bow"-com`pass (?), n.; pl.
Bow-compasses (/).
1. An arcograph.
2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which
carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are
often connected by a bow-shaped spring, instead of by a
joint.
3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate
riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other.
Bow"el (?), n. [OE.
bouel, bouele, OF. boel,
boele, F. boyau, fr. L. botellus
a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L.
botulus sausage.]
1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail,
especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural.
He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels
gushed out.
Acts i. 18.
2. pl. Hence, figuratively: The
interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the
earth.
His soldiers . . . cried out amain,
And rushed into the bowels of the battle.
Shak.
3. pl. The seat of pity or kindness.
Hence: Tenderness; compassion. \'bdThou thing of no
bowels.\'b8
Shak.
Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of
guts, and empty of bowels.
Fuller.
4. pl. Offspring.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Boweled or Bowelled (#);
p. pr.& vb. n. Boweling or
Bowelling.] To take out the bowels of;
to eviscerate; to disembowel.
Bow"eled (?), a.
[Written also bowelled.] Having
bowels; hollow. \'bdThe boweled cavern.\'b8
Thomson.
Bow"el*less, a. Without pity.
Sir T. Browne.
Bow"en*ite (?), n. [From
G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.]
(Min.) A hard, compact variety of serpentine
found in Rhode Island. It is of a light green color and resembles
jade.
Bo"wer (?), n. [From
Bow, v. & n.]
1. One who bows or bends.
2. (Naut.) An anchor carried at the bow
of a ship.
3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm.
[Obs.]
His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers
Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew.
Spenser.
Best bower, Small bower.
See the Note under Anchor.
<-- p. 172 -->
Bow"er (?), n. [G.
bauer a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes
used for the knave in cards. See Boor.] One
of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of
euchre.
Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the
highest card (except the \'bdJoker\'b8) in the game. --
Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the
same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in
value. -- Best bower or
Joker, in some forms of euchre and some
other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which
takes precedence of all others as the highest card.
Bow"er, n. [OE. bour,
bur, room, dwelling, AS. b\'d4r, fr. the
root of AS. b\'d4an to dwell; akin to Icel.
b\'d4r chamber, storehouse, Sw. b\'d4r
cage, Dan. buur, OHG. p\'d4r room, G.
bauer cage, bauer a peasant. \'fb97]
Cf.Boor, Byre.]
1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a
lady's private apartment.
Give me my lute in bed now as I lie,
And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower.
Gascoigne.
2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an
attractive abode or retreat.
Shenstone. B. Johnson.
3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made
with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a
shady recess.
Bow"er, v. t. To embower; to
inclose.
Shak.
Bow"er, v. i. To lodge.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Bow"er, n. [From Bough, cf.
Brancher.] (Falconry) A young
hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]
Bow"er bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An
Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or
holosericeus), allied to the starling, which
constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates
them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird.
bower bird (Chalmydodera maculata), and the
regent bird (Sericulus melinus).
Bow"er*y (?), a. Shading, like
a bower; full of bowers.
A bowery maze that shades the purple streams.
Trumbull.
Bow"er*y, n.; pl.
Boweries (#) [D.
bouwerij.] A farm or plantation with its
buildings. [U.S.Hist.]
The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on
boweries or plantations; and seeing the evils of this
mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646,
by the Dutch authorities, to gather into \'bdvillages, towns, and
hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing.\'b8
Bancroft.
Bow"er*y, a. Characteristic of the
street called the Bowery, in New York city; swaggering;
flashy.
Bow"ess (?), n.
(Falconry) Same as Bower.
[Obs.]
Bow"fin` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A voracious ganoid fish (Amia
calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the
mudfish; -- called also Johnny Grindle, and
dogfish.
Bowge (?), v. i. To swell out.
See Bouge. [Obs.]
Bowge, v. t. To cause to leak.
[Obs.] See Bouge.
Bow"grace` (?), n.
(Naut.) A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid
out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by
floating ice.
Bow" hand` (?). 1.
(Archery) The hand that holds the bow, i.
e., the left hand.
Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand.
Spenser.
2. (Mus.) The hand that draws the bow,
i. e., the right hand.
Bow"head` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The great Arctic or Greenland whale.
(Bal\'91na mysticetus). See Baleen, and
Whale.
Bow"ie knife` (?). A knife with a strong
blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and double-edged near the
point; -- used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in
the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its
inventor, Colonel James Bowie. Also, by extension,
any large sheath knife.
Bow"ing (?), n. (Mus.)
1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on
stringed instruments.
Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of
the violinist, the violist, etc.
J. W. Moore.
2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating
and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it
for felting.
Bow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
bending manner.
Bow"knot` (?), n. A knot in
which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a
loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.
Bowl (?), n. [OE.
bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel.
bolli, Dan. bolle, G. bolle, and
perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.]
1. A concave vessel of various forms (often
approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc.
Brought them food in bowls of basswood.
Longfellow.
2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or
other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking.
3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will
hold.
4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the
bowl of a spoon.
Bowl (?), n. [F.
boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf.
Bull an edict, Bill a writing.]
1. A ball of wood or other material used for
rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having
one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when
rolled.
2. pl. An ancient game, popular in
Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of
greensward.
Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the
jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon
it.
Sir W. Scott.
3. pl. The game of tenpins or
bowling. [U.S.]
Bowl (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bowled (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.]
1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball.
Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel,
And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven.
Shak.
2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels;
as, we were bowled rapidly along the
road.
3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled.
Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth,
And bowled to death with turnips/
Shak.
To bowl (a player) out,
in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a
stump in bowling.
Bowl, v. i. 1. To play with
bowls.
2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls,
etc.
3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball;
as, the carriage bowled along.
{ Bowl"der, Boul"der (?), }
n. [Cf. Sw. bullra to roar, rattle,
Dan. buldre, dial. Sw. bullersteen larger
kind of pebbles; perh. akin to E. bellow.]
1. A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the
action of water; a large pebble.
2. (Geol.) A mass of any rock, whether
rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies
from its native bed. See Drift.
Bowlder clay, the unstratified clay deposit of
the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of
bowlders. -- Bowlder wall, a wall constructed
of large stones or bowlders.
Bowl"der*y (?), a.
Characterized by bowlders.
Bow"leg` (?), n. A crooked
leg.
Jer. Taylor.
Bowl"-legged` (?), a. Having
crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward.
Johnson.
Bowl"er (?), n. One who plays
at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other
game.
Bow"less, a. Destitute of a bow.
Bow"line (?), n. [Cf. D.
boelijn, Icel. b\'94gl\'8bna/, Dan.
bovline; properly the line attached to the shoulder or
side of the sail. See Bow (of a ship), and
Line.] (Naut.) A rope fastened
near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square
sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and used
to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship
is closehauled.
Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the
bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail. --
Bowline knot. See Illust. under
Knot. -- On a bowline, close-hauled or
sailing close to the wind; -- said of a ship.
Bowl"ing (?), n. The act of
playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket;
the game of bowls or of tenpins.
Bowling alley, a covered place for playing at
bowls or tenpins. -- Bowling green, a level
piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small
park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New
Amsterdam played this game./
Bowls (?), n. pl. See
Bowl, a ball, a game.
Bow"man (?), n.; pl.
Bowmen (/). A man who uses a
bow; an archer.
The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and
bowmen.
Jer. iv. 29.
Bowman's root. (Bot.) See
Indian physic, under Indian.
Bow"man (?), n. (Naut.)
The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow
oar.
Bowne (?), v. t. [See
Boun.] To make ready; to prepare; to
dress. [Obs.]
We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet.
Sir W. Scott.
Bow" net` (?).
1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder
with a funnel-shaped entrance at one end.
2. A net for catching birds.
J. H. Walsh.
Bow" oar` (?).
1. The oar used by the bowman.
2. One who rows at the bow of a boat.
Bow"-pen` (?), n. Bow-compasses
carrying a drawing pen. See Bow-compass.
Bow"-pen`cil (?), n.
Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.
Bow"-saw` (?), n. A saw with a
thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.
Bowse (?), v. i. [See
Booze, and Bouse.]
1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze.
De Quincey.
2. (Naut.) To pull or haul; as, to
bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i.
e., to pull all together.
Bowse, n. A carouse; a drinking bout; a
booze.
Bow"shot` (?), n. The distance
traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.
Bow"sprit` (?), n.
[Bow + sprit; akin to
D.boegspriet; boeg bow of a ship +
spriet, E. sprit, also Sw.
bogspr\'94t, G. bugspriet.]
(Naut.) A large boom or spar, which projects over
the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.
Bows"sen (?), v. t. To drench;
to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have
curative properties). [Obs.]
There were many bowssening places, for curing of
mad men.
. . . If there appeared small amendment he was
bowssened again and again.
Carew.
Bow"string` (?), n. 1.
The string of a bow.
2. A string used by the Turks for strangling
offenders.
Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch
of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted
by a tie forming a chord of the arch. -- Bowstring
girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting
its two ends. -- Bowstring hemp
(Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera
Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which
bowstrings are made.
Balfour.
Bow"string` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bowstringed
(/) Bowstrung (/); p.
pr. & vb. n. Bowstringing.] To
strangle with a bowstring.
Bow"stringed` (?), p.a. 1.
Furnished with bowstring.
2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.
Bow"tel (?), n. See
Boultel.
Bow"wow` (?), n. An
onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark. --
a. Onomatopoetic; as, the
bowwow theory of language; a bowwow
word. [Jocose.]
Bow"yer (?), n. [From
Bow, like lawyer from law.]
1. An archer; one who uses bow.
2. One who makes or sells bows.
Box (?), n. [As.
box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. /. See
Box a case.] (Bot.) A tree or
shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common
box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of
which, the dwaft box (B.suffruticosa), is much used
for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being
very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by
turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc.
Box elder, the ash-leaved maple (Negundo
aceroides), of North America. -- Box holly,
the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus). --
Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium
barbarum). -- Box tree, the tree
variety of the common box.
Box, n.; pl. Boxes
(/) [As. box a small case or
vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G.
b\'81chse; fr. L. buxus boxwood, anything
made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf. Box a tree,
Bushel.]
1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of
various shapes.
2. The quantity that a box contain.
3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a
theater, or other place of public amusement.
Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay,
stage.
Dorset.
The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges.
Dryden.
4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of
money; as, a poor box; a contribution
box.
Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks,
Damning the poor, his tripple-bolted box.
J. Warton.
5. A small country house. \'bdA shooting
box.\'b8
Wilson.
Tight boxes neatly sashed.
Cowper.
6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry
box.
7. (Mach) (a) An axle box,
journal box, journal bearing, or bushing. (b)
A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the
bucket of a lifting pump.
8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.
9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas
box or gift. \'bdA Christmas box.\'b8
Dickens.
10. (Baseball) The square in which the
pitcher stands.
11. (Zo\'94l.) A Mediterranean food
fish; the bogue.
Box is much used adjectively or in
composition; as box lid, box maker,
box circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as
money box, letter box, bandbox,
hatbox or hat box, snuff box or
snuffbox.
Box beam (Arch.), a beam made of
metal plates so as to have the form of a long box. --
Box car (Railroads), a freight car
covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its
contents. -- Box chronometer, a ship's
chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper
position. -- Box coat, a thick overcoat for
driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain.
-- Box coupling, a metal collar uniting the ends
of shafts or other parts in machinery. -- Box
crab (Zo\'94l.), a crab of the genus
Calappa, which, when at rest with the legs retracted,
resembles a box. -- Box drain (Arch.),
a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and
bottom. -- Box girder (Arch.), a
box beam. -- Box groove (Metal
Working), a closed groove between two rolls, formed by
a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another.
R. W. Raymond. -- Box metal, an alloy of
copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings
of journals, etc. -- Box plait, a plait that
doubles both to the rigth and the left. -- Box
turtle Box tortoise (Zo\'94l.),
a land tortoise or turtle of the genera Cistudo
and Emys; -- so named because it can withdraw entirely
within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the
lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent
person. Emerson. -- In a box, in a
perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty.
(Colloq.) -- In the wrong box, out of
one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated.
(Colloq.) Ridley (1554)
Box, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Boxed (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Boxing.]
1. To inclose in a box.
2. To furnish with boxes, as a wheel.
3. (Arch.) To inclose with boarding,
lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form.
To box a tree, to make an incision or hole in
a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap. -- To box
off, to divide into tight compartments. -- To
box up. (a) To put into a box in order to
save; as, he had boxed up twelve score pounds.
(b) To confine; as, to be boxed up in narrow
quarters.
Box, n. [Cf.Dan. baske to
slap, bask slap, blow. Cf. Pash.]
A blow on the head or ear with the hand.
A good-humored box on the ear.
W. Irving.
Box, v. i. To fight with the fist; to
combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar.
Box, v. t. To strike with the hand or
fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the
head.
Box, v. t. [Cf.Sp. boxar, now
spelt bojar.] To boxhaul.
To box off (Naut.), to turn the
head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback.
-- To box the compass (Naut.), to name
the thirty-two points of the compass in their order.
Box"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.)
The wintergreern. (Gaultheria procumbens).
[Local, U.S.]
<-- p. 173 -->
Box"en (?), a. Made of boxwood;
pertaining to, or resembling, the box (Buxus).
[R.]
The faded hue of sapless boxen leaves.
Dryden.
Box"er (?), n. One who packs
boxes.
Box"er, n. One who boxes; a
pugilist.
Box"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The trunkfish.
Box"haul` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boxhauled
(#).] (Naut.) To put (a
vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel;
-- so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox
(i. e., sharp aback, on the wind).
Totten.
Box"haul`ing, n. (Naut.) A
method of going from one tack to another. See
Boxhaul.
Box"ing, n. 1. The act of
inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or
transportation.
2. Material used in making boxes or casings.
3. Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing.
4. (Arch.) The external case of thin
material used to bring any member to a required form.
Box"ing, n. The act of fighting with the
fist; a combat with the fist; sparring\'3c--pugilism--\'3e.
Blackstone.
Boxing glove, a large padded mitten or glove
used in sparring for exercise or amusement.
Box"-i`ron (?), n. A hollow
smoothing iron containing a heater within.
Box"keep`er (?), n. An
attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes.
Box"thorn` (?), n. (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Lycium, esp. Lycium
barbarum.
Box"wood` (?), n. The wood of
the box (Buxus).
Boy (?), n. [Cf. D.
boef, Fries. boi, boy; akin to
G. bube, Icel. bofi rouge.] A
male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a
son.
My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee.
Sir W. Scott.
Boy is often used as a term of
comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural
used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or
party.
Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister)
elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes
and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the
ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The
Old Boy, the Devil. [Slang] --
Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang,
Eng.] -- Boy's love, a popular English name
of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) -- called also
lad's love. -- Boy's play,
childish amusements; anything trifling.
Boy, v. t. To act as a boy; -- in
allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on
the stage.
I shall see
Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness.
Shak.
{ Bo*yar" (?), Bo*yard"
(?), } n. [Russ.
boi\'a0rin'.] A member of a Russian
aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a
privileged class in Roumania.
boyars.
\'d8Boy"au (?), n.; pl.
Boyaux or Boyaus (#).
[F. boyau gut, a long and narrow place, and (of
trenches) a branch. See Bowel.] (Fort.)
A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication
from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.
Boy"cott` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Boycotted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Boycotting.] [From
Captain Boycott, a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so
treated in 1880.] To combine against (a landlord,
tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or
business relations from him, and to deter others from holding
such relations; to subject to a boycott.
Boy"cott, n. The process, fact, or
pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent
dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.;
social and business interdiction for the purpose of
coercion.
Boy"cott`er (?), n. A
participant in boycotting.
Boy"cott*ism (?), n. Methods of
boycotters.
Boy"de*kin (?), n. A dagger; a
bodkin. [Obs.]
Boy"er (?), n. [D.
boeijer; -- so called because these vessels were
employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: cf. F.
boyer. See Buoy.] (Naut.)
A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Boy"hood (?), n.
[Boy + -hood.] The state of
being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.
Hood.
Boy"ish, a. Resembling a boy in a
manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling;
puerile.
A boyish, odd conceit.
Baillie.
Boy"ish*ly, adv. In a boyish manner;
like a boy.
Boy"ish*ness, n. The manners or behavior
of a boy.
Boy"ism (?), n. 1.
Boyhood. [Obs.]
T. Warton.
2. The nature of a boy; childishness.
Dryden.
Boyle's" law` (?). See under
Law.
\'d8Bo"za (?), n. [See
Bosa.] An acidulated fermented drink of the
Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent
substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed,
darnel meal, and water. [Written also
bosa, bozah, bouza.]
Bra*bant"ine (?), a. Pertaining
to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.
Brab"ble (?), v. i. [D.
brabbelen to talk confusedly. /95. Cf.
Blab, Babble.] To clamor; to contest
noisily. [R.]
Brab"ble, n. A broil; a noisy contest; a
wrangle.
This petty brabble will undo us all.
Shak.
Brab"ble*ment (?), n. A
brabble. [R.]
Holland.
Brab"bler (?), n. A clamorous,
quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R]
Shak.
Brac"cate (?), a.[L.
bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae
breeches.] (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with
feathers which conceal the feet.
Brace (?), n. [OF.
brace, brasse, the two arms, embrace,
fathom, F. brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia
the arms (stretched out), pl. of bracchium arm; cf.
Gr. /.] 1. That which holds anything
tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop.
2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or
maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum.
The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing
it as the braces of the war drum do in that.
Derham.
3. The state of being braced or tight;
tension.
The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its
brace or tension.
Holder.
4. (Arch. & Engin.) A piece of material
used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure;
any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the
structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a
strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and
transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a
diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.
5. (Print.) A vertical curved line
connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken
together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music,
used to connect staves.
6. (Naut.) A rope reeved through a block
at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally;
also, a rudder gudgeon.
7. (Mech.) A curved instrument or handle
of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a
bitstock.
8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of
ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or
with some contempt. \'bdA brace of
greyhounds.\'b8
Shak.
He is said to have shot . . . fifty brace of
pheasants.
Addison.
A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for
learning and religion, now appeared in the church.
Fuller.
But you, my brace of lords.
Shak.
9. pl. Straps or bands to sustain
trousers; suspenders.
I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of
braces.
Thackeray.
10. Harness; warlike preparation.
[Obs.]
For that it stands not in such warlike brace.
Shak.
11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace.
12. (Mining) The mouth of a shaft.
[Cornwall]
Angle brace. See under
Angle.
Brace (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Braced (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing.]
1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop;
as, to brace a beam in a building.
2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of
tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the
nerves.
And welcome war to brace her drums.
Campbell.
3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly.
The women of China, by bracing and binding them
from their infancy, have very little feet.
Locke.
Some who spurs had first braced on.
Sir W. Scott.
4. To place in a position for resisting pressure;
to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the
crowd.
A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced.
Fairfax.
5. (Naut.) To move around by means of
braces; as, to brace the yards.
To brace about (Naut.), to turn (a
yard) round for the contrary tack. -- To brace a
yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by
means of a brace. -- To brace in
(Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the
weather brace. -- To brace one's self, to
call up one's energies. \'bdHe braced himself for an
effort which he was little able to make.\'b8
J. D. Forbes.
- To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a
yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the
weather one, to assist in tacking. -- To brace up
(Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of
the keel by hauling in the lee brace. -- To brace up
sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far
forward as the rigging will permit.
Brace, v. i. To get tone or vigor; to
rouse one's energies; -with up.
[Colloq.]
Brace"let (?), n. [F.
bracelet, dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop.
little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L.
bracchium. See Brace,n.]
1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the
arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by
women or girls.
2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm.
Johnson.
Bra"cer (?), n. 1.
That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or
bandage.
2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from
the vibration of the string; also, a brassart.
Chaucer.
3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which
gives tension or tone to any part of the body.
Johnson.
Brach (?), n. [OE.
brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF.
brache, / braque, fr. OHG.
braccho, G. bracke; possibly akin to E.
fragrant, fr. L. fragrare to smell.]
A bitch of the hound kind.
Shak.
\'d8Brach*el"y*tra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (/) short + / a covering.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of beetles having short
elytra, as the rove beetles.
\'d8Brach"i*a (?), n. pl. See
Brachium.
Brach"i*al (?) or (/), a.
[L. brachialis (bracch-), from
bracchium (bracch-) arm: cf. F.
brachial.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the
brachial artery; the brachial nerve.
2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an
arm.
\'d8Brach`i*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[See Brachiate.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long
jointed arms. See Crinoidea.
Brach"i*ate (?), a. [L.
brachiatus (bracch-) with boughs or
branches like arms, from brackium (bracch-)
arm.] (Bot.) Having branches in pairs,
decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles
with the next, as in the maple and lilac.
Brach`i*og"a*noid (?), n. One
of the Brachioganoidei.
\'d8Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i (?), n.
pl.[NL., from L. brachium
(bracch-) arm + NL. ganoidei.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which the
bichir of Africa is a living example. See
Crossopterygii.
\'d8Brach`i*o*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. brachiolum (bracch-),
dim. of brachium (bracch-) arm.]
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar early larval stage of
certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by
means of bands of vibrating cilia.
Brach"i*o*pod (?), n. [Cf.F.
brachiopode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Brachiopoda, or its shell.
\'d8Brach`i*op"o*da (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. / arm + -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of Molluscoidea having a
symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy
peduncle.
Lyopoma, in which the shell is
thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in Lingula; and
Arthropoma, in which the firm calcareous shell has a
regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella. See
Arthropomata.
\'d8Brach"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Bracchia (/). [L.
brachium or bracchium, arm.]
(Anat.) The upper arm; the segment of the fore
limb between the shoulder and the elbow.
Brach"man (?), n. [L.
Brachmanae, pl., Gr. /.] See
Brahman. [Obs.]
Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic (?), n.
[Gr. /; / short + / to leave off; cf. /
incomplete.] (Gr.& Last. Pros.) A verse
wanting two syllables at its termination.
{ Brach`y*ce*phal"ic (?),
Brach`y*ceph"a*lous (?) }, a.
[Gr. / short + / head.] (Anat.)
Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth;
shortheaded; -- in distinction from
dolichocephalic.
{ Brach`y*ceph"a*ly (?),
Brach`y*ceph"a*lism (?) }, n.
[Cf. F. Brachyc\'82phalie] .
(Anat.) The state or condition of being
brachycephalic; shortness of head.
Bra*chyc"er*al (?), a. [Gr. /
short + / horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having short
antenn\'91, as certain insects.
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal (?), a.
[Gr. / short + E. diagonal.]
Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic
prism.
Brachydiagonal axis, the shorter lateral axis
of an orthorhombic crystal.
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal, n. The shorter of
the diagonals in a rhombic prism.
Brach`y*dome (?), n. [Gr. /
short + E. dome.] (Crystallog.)
A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See
Dome.
Bra*chyg"ra*pher (?), n. A
writer in short hand; a stenographer.
He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the
notes of the sermon.
Gayton.
Bra*chyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
/ short + -graphy: cf. F.
brachygraphie.] Stenograhy.
B. Jonson.
Bra*chyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
:/ short + / discourse: cf. F. brachylogie.]
(Rhet.) Conciseness of expression; brevity.
Brach`y*pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr.
/ short + E. pinacoid.]
(Crytallog.) A plane of an orthorhombic crystal
which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter
lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.
\'d8Bra*chyp"te*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / short-winged; short + / feather,
wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of Coleoptera
having short wings; the rove beetles.
\'d8Bra*chyp"te*res (?), n.pl.
[NL. See Brachyptera. ] (Zo\'94l.)
A group of birds, including auks, divers, and
penguins.
Bra*chyp"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr.
/ :cf. F. brachypt\'8are.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having short wings.
Bra*chys"to*chrone (?), n.
[Incorrect for brachistochrone, fr. Gr. /
shortest (superl. of / short) + / time : cf. F.
brachistochrone. ] (Math.) A
curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and
descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another
given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path.
This curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes
called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the
cycloid.
Brach"y*ty`pous (?), a. [Gr.
/ short + / stamp, form.] (Min.) Of a
short form.
\'d8Brach`y*u"ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / short + / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of decapod Crustacea,
including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short
abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax.
[Also spelt Brachyoura.] See
Crab, and Illustration in Appendix.
{ Brach`y*u"ral (?),
Brach`y*u"rous (?) }, a.
[Cf. F. brachyure.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.
Brach`y*u"ran (?), n. One of
the Brachyura.
Bra"cing (?), a. Imparting
strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a
bracing north wind.
Bra"cing (?), n. 1.
The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a
brace or braces; the state of being braced.
2. (Engin.) Any system of braces;
braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a
truss.
<-- p. 174 -->
Brack (?), n. [Cf.D.
braak, Dan. br\'91k, a breaking, Sw. &
Isel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf.
Breach.] An opening caused by the parting of
any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.
Stain or brack in her sweet reputation.
J. Fletcher.
Brack, n. [D. brak, adj.,
salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.]
Salt or brackish water. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Brack"en (?), n. [OE.
braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake,
n.] A brake or fern.
Sir W. Scott.
Brack"et (?), n. [Cf.OF.
braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp.
bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim.
fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon
beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf.
Breeches.]
1. (Arch.) An architectural member,
plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support
weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature
seeming to discharge such an office.
Brace,
Cantalever, Console, Corbel,
Strut.
2. (Engin. & Mech.) A piece or
combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape,
projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to
support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.
3. (Naut.) A shot, crooked timber,
resembling a knee, used as a support.
4. (Mil.) The cheek or side of an
ordnance carriage.
5. (Print.) One of two characters [],
used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to
be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to
rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain
other purposes; -- called also crotchet.
6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the
face of a wall, column, or the like.
Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp
attached to a wall, column, etc.
Brack"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bracketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bracketing] To place within brackets;
to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.
Brack"et*ing, n. (Arch.) A
series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.
Brack"ish (?), a. [See
Brack salt water.] Saltish, or salt in a
moderate degree, as water in saline soil.
Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish
though they be.
Byron.
Brack"ish*ness, n. The quality or state
of being brackish, or somewhat salt.
Brack"y (?), a. Brackish.
Drayton.
Bract (?), n. [See
Bractea.] (Bot.) (a) A
leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the
axil of which a flower stalk arises. (b) Any
modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a
flower.
Bracts are often inconspicuous, but
sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many
cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous
forms of bracts.
\'d8Brac"te*a (?), n. [L., a
thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.] (Bot.)
A bract.
Brac"te*al (?), a. [Cf.F.
bract\'82al.] Having the nature or
appearance of a bract.
Brac"te*ate (?), a. [Cf.L.
bracteatus covered with gold plate.]
(Bot.) Having a bract or bracts.
Bract"ed (?), a. (Bot.)
Furnished with bracts.
Brac"te*o*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Furnished with bracteoles or
bractlets.
Brac"te*ole (?), n. [L.
bracteola, dim. of bractea. See
Bractea.] (Bot.) Same as
Bractlet.
Bract"less, a. (Bot.)
Destitute of bracts.
Bract"let (?), n.
[Bract + -let] (Bot.)
A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on
a main stalk that support several flowers.
Gray.
Brad (?), n. [Cf.OE.
brod, Dan. braad prick, sting,
brodde ice spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd
frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed piece of iron or
stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and
perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle,
n.] A thin nail, usually small, with a
slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also,
a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small,
tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk
head.
Brad" awl` (?). A straight awl with chisel
edge, used to make holes for brads, etc.
Weale.
Bra*doon" (?), n. Same as
Bridoon.
\'d8Brae (?), n. [See
Bray a hill.] A hillside; a slope; a bank; a
hill. [Scot.]
Burns.
Brag (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bragged
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bragging.] [OE. braggen to
resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry
life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel.
braka to creak, brak noise, fr. the same
root as E. break; properly then, to make a noise,
boast. /95.] To talk about one's self, or
things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite
admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; --
often followed by of; as, to brag of
one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one
intends to do.
Conceit, more rich in matter than in words,
Brags of his substance, not of ornament.
Shak.
Syn. -- To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish;
talk big.
Brag, v. t. To boast of.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Brag, n. 1. A boast or
boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self
glorification.
C\'91sar . . . made not here his brag
Of \'bdcame,\'b8 and \'bdsaw,\'b8 and \'bdovercame.\'b8
Shak.
2. The thing which is boasted of.
Beauty is Nature's brag.
Milton.
3. A game at cards similar to bluff.
Chesterfield.
Brag (?), a. [See
Brag, v. i.] Brisk; full of
spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.
[Arhaic]
A brag young fellow.
B. Jonson.
Brag, adv. Proudly; boastfully.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Brag`ga*do"cio (?), n. [From
Braggadocchio, a boastful character in Spenser's
\'bdFa\'89rie Queene.\'b8]
1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer.
Dryden.
2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.
Brag"gard*ism (?), n. [See
Braggart.] Boastfulness; act of
bragging.
Shak.
Brag"gart (?), n. [OF.
bragard flaunting, vain, bragging. See Brag,
v. i.] A boaster.
O, I could play the woman with mine eyes,
And braggart with my tongue.
Shak.
Brag"gart, a. Boastful. --
Brag"gart*ly, adv.
Brag"ger (?), n. One who brags;
a boaster.
Brag"get (?), n. [OE.
braket, bragot, fr. W. bragawd,
bragod, fr. brag malt.] A liquor
made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Brag"ging`ly (?), adv.
Boastingly.
Brag"less, a. Without bragging.
[R.]
Shak.
Brag"ly, adv. In a manner to be bragged
of; finely; proudly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Brah"ma (?), n. [See
Brahman.]
1. (Hindoo Myth.) The One First Cause;
also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of
Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver,
and Siva, the Destroyer.
Brahma (with the final a short), or
Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the
All in All, while the personal gods, Brahm\'a0 (with
the final a long), Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or
manifestations of Brahma the Divine Essence.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A valuable variety of
large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided
lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There
are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; -- called
also Brahmapootra.
{ Brah"man (?), Brah"min
(?), } n.; pl.
Brahmans, Brahmins. [Skr.
Br\'behmana (cf. Brahman worship, holiness;
the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F. Brahmane,
Brachmane, Bramine, L.
Brachmanae, -manes, -mani, pl.,
Gr. /, pl.] A person of the highest or sacerdotal
caste among the Hindoos.
Brahman bull (Zo\'94l.), the male
of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the
Hindoos.
Brah"man*ess (?), n. A
Brahmani.
Brah"man*i (?), n. [Fem. of
Brahman.] Any Brahman woman.
[Written also Brahmanee.]
{ Brah*man"ic (?), -ic*al
(?), Brah*min"ic (/),
*ic*al (/),} a. Of or
pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and
worship.
{ Brah"man*ism (?), Brah"min*ism
(?), } n. The religion or system
of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.
{ Brah"man*ist (?), Brah"min*ist
(?), } n. An adherent of the
religion of the Brahmans.
Brah"mo*ism (?), n. The
religious system of Brahmo-somaj.
Balfour.
Brah`mo-so*maj" (?), n.
[Bengalese, a wor/hiping assembly.] A modern
reforming theistic sect among the Hindos. [Written
also Brahma-samaj.]
Braid (?), v. t.
[imp. &. p. p. Braided; p.
pr. & vb. n. Braiding.] [OE.
braiden, breiden, to pull, reach, braid,
AS. bregdan to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to
Icel. breg/a, D. breiden to knit, OS.
bregdan to weave, OHG. brettan to brandish.
Cf. Broid.]
1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as
three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to
plait.
Braid your locks with rosy twine.
Milton.
2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft
consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some
culinary operations.
3. To reproach. [Obs.] See
Upbraid.
Shak.
Braid (?), n. 1. A
plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving
together different strands.
A braid of hair composed of two different colors
twined together.
Scott.
2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen,
used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.
Braid, n. [Cf.Icel. breg/a
to move quickly.]
1. A quick motion; a start.
[Obs.]
Sackville.
2. A fancy; freak; caprice.
[Obs.]
R. Hyrde.
Braid v. i. To start; to awake.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Braid, a. [AS. br\'91d,
bred, deceit; akin to Icel. brag/ trick,
AS. bredan, bregdan, to braid, knit,
(hence) to knit a net, to draw into a net,
i.e., to deceive. See Braid,
v. t.] Deceitful. [Obs.]
Since Frenchmen are so braid,
Marry that will, I live and die a maid.
Shak.
Braid"ing, n. 1. The act of
making or using braids.
2. Braids, collectively; trimming.
A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars,
and braiding.
Thackeray.
Brail (?), n. [OE.
brayle furling rope, OF. braiol a band
placed around the breeches, fr.F. braies, pl.,
breeches, fr.L. braca, bracae, breeches, a
Gallic word; cf. Arm. bragez. Cf.
Breeches.]
1. (Falconry) A thong of soft leather to
bind up a hawk's wing.
2. pl. (Naut.) Ropes
passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches,
bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.
3. A stock at each end of a seine to keep it
stretched.
Brail, v. t. (Naut.) To haul
up by the brails; -- used with up; as, to
brail up a sail.
Brain (?), n. [OE.
brain, brein, AS. bragen,
br\'91gen; akin to LG. br\'84gen,
bregen, D. brein, and perh. to Gr. /, the
upper part of head, if / =/ / 95.]
1. (Anat.) The whitish mass of soft
matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of
consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the
cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply
the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed
from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with
the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles
become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken
unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and
hind-brain.
corpus callosum, while the two halves of the
cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the
bridge, or pons Varolii.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior or cephalic
ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the
understanding. \'bd My brain is too dull.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
4. The affections; fancy; imagination.
[R.]
Shak.
To have on the brain, to have constantly in
one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania.
[Low]
Brain box case,
the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain. --
Brain coral, Brain stone coral
(Zo\'94l), a massive reef-building coral having
the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to
resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of
the genera M\'91andrina and Diploria.
-- Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness.
See Cerebropathy. -- Brain fever
(Med.), fever in which the brain is specially
affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever. --
Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal
gland.
Brain (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brained
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Braining.]
1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating
out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to
defeat.
There thou mayst brain him.
Shak.
It was the swift celerity of the death . . .
That brained my purpose.
Shak.
2. To conceive; to understand.
[Obs.]
/T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen
Tongue, and brain not.
Shak.
Brained (?), p.a. Supplied with
brains.
If th' other two be brained like us.
Shak.
Brain"ish, a. Hot-headed; furious.
[R.]
Shak.
Brain"less, a. Without understanding;
silly; thougthless; witless. --
Brain"less*ness, n.
Brain"pan` (?), n.
[Brain + pan.] The bones
which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium.
Brain"sick` (?), a. Disordered
in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless. --
Brain"sick*ness, n.
Brain"sick`ly, adv. In a brainsick
manner.
Brain"y (?), a. Having an
active or vigorous mind. [Colloq.]
{ Braise, Braize } (?),
n. [So called from its iridescent colors.]
(Zo\'94l.) A European marine fish (Pagrus
vulgaris) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name
is sometimes applied to the related species. [Also
written brazier.]
{ Braise, Braize }, n.
[F.] 1. Charcoal powder; breeze.
2. (Cookery) Braised meat.
Braise, v. t. [F. braiser,
fr. braise coals.] (Cookery) To
stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan.
A braising kettle has a deep cover which holds
coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as
below.
Mrs. Henderson.
Brais"er (?), n. A kettle or
pan for braising.
Brait (?), n. [Cf.W.
braith variegated, Ir. breath,
breagh, fine, comely.] A rough
diamond.
Braize (?), n. See
Braise.
Brake (?), imp. of
Break. [Arhaic]
Tennyson.
Brake, n. [OE. brake fern;
cf. AS. bracce fern, LG. brake willow
bush, Da. bregne fern, G. brach fallow;
prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of
E. break. See Break, v. t., cf.
Bracken, and 2d Brake, n.]
1. (Bot.) A fern of the genus
Pteris, esp. the P. aquilina,
common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing
into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern.
2. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and
brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes.
Rounds rising hillocks, brakes obscure and rough,
To shelter thee from tempest and from rain.
Shak.
He stayed not for brake, and he stopped not
for stone.
Sir W. Scott.
Cane brake, a thicket of canes. See
Canebrake.
<-- p. 175 -->
Brake (?), n. [OE.
brake; cf. LG. brake an instrument for
breaking flax, G. breche, fr. the root of E.
break. See Break, v. t., and cf.
Breach.] 1. An instrument or machine
to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may
be separated from the fiber.
2. An extended handle by means of which a number of
men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine.
3. A baker's kneading though.
Johnson.
4. A sharp bit or snaffle.
Pampered jades . . . which need nor break nor
bit.
Gascoigne.
5. A frame for confining a refractory horse while
the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle,
horses, etc.
A horse . . . which Philip had bought . . . and because of his
fierceness kept him within a brake of iron bars.
J. Brende.
6. That part of a carriage, as of a movable
battery, or engine, which enables it to turn.
7. (Mil.) An ancient engine of war
analogous to the crossbow and ballista.
8. (Agric.) A large, heavy harrow for
breaking clods after plowing; a drag.
9. A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping
motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the
pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets
against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a
wheel or drum in a machine.
10. (Engin.) An apparatus for testing
the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the
amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction
brake.
11. A cart or carriage without a body, used in
breaking in horses.
12. An ancient instrument of torture.
Holinshed.
Air brake. See Air brake, in the
Vocabulary. -- Brake beam Brake
bar, the beam that connects the brake blocks of
opposite wheels. -- Brake block. (a)
The part of a brake holding the brake shoe. (b)
A brake shoe. -- Brake shoe or
Brake rubber, the part of a brake against
which the wheel rubs. -- Brake wheel, a wheel
on the platform or top of a car by which brakes are
operated. -- Continuous brake . See under
Continuous.
Brake"man (?), n.; pl.
Brakemen (/).
1. (Railroads) A man in charge of a
brake or brakes.
2. (Mining) The man in charge of the
winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine.
Brak"y (?), a. Full of brakes;
abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns; rough; thorny.
In the woods and braky glens.
W. Browne.
Bra"ma (?), n. See
Brahma.
Bra"mah press` (?). A hydrostatic press of
immense power, invented by Joseph Bramah of London.
See under Hydrostatic.
Bram"ble (?), n. [OE.
brembil, AS.br/mbel, br/mbel (akin to
OHG. bramal), fr. the same root as E.
broom, As. br/m. See
Broom.] 1. (Bot.) Any
plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and
blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub.
The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The brambling or bramble
finch.
Bram"ble bush` (?). (Bot.) The
bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.
He jumped into a bramble bush
And scratched out both his eyes.
Mother Goose.
Bram"bled (?), a. Overgrown
with brambles.
Forlorn she sits upon the brambled floor.
T. Warton.
Bram"ble net` (?). A net to catch
birds.
Bram"bling (?), n. [OE.
bramline. See Bramble, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European mountain finch (Fringilla
montifringilla); -- called also bramble finch
and bramble.
Bram"bly (?), a. Pertaining to,
resembling, or full of, brambles. \'bdIn brambly
wildernesses.\'b8
Tennyson.
Brame (?), n. [Cf.
Breme.] Sharp passion; vexation.
[Obs.]
Heart-burning brame.
Spenser.
{ Bra"min (?), Bra*min"ic
} (?), etc. See Brahman,
Brachmanic, etc.
Bran (?), n. [OE.
bren, bran, OF. bren, F.
bran, from Celtic; cf. Armor. brenn, Ir.
bran, bran, chaff.] 1. The broken
coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated
from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy
part of ground grain.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The European carrion
crow.
Bran"card (?), n. [F.]
A litter on which a person may be carried.
[Obs.]
Coigrave.
Branch (?), n.; pl.
Branches (/). [OE.
braunche, F. branche, fr. LL.
branca claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor.
brank branch, bough.] 1.
(Bot.) A shoot or secondary stem growing from the
main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other
plant.
2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or
part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as,
the branch of an antler; the branch of a
chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a
railway.
Most of the branches , or streams, were dried
up.
W. Irving.
3. Any member or part of a body or system; a
distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department.
\'bdBranches of knowledge.\'b8
Prescott.
It is a branch and parcel of mine oath.
Shak.
4. (Geom.) One of the portions of a
curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance;
as, the branches of an hyperbola.
5. A line of family descent, in distinction from
some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in
such a line; as, the English branch of a
family.
His father, a younger branch of the ancient
stock.
Carew.
6. (Naut.) A warrant or commission given
to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain
waters.
Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron,
which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. --
Branch herring. See Alewife. --
Root and branch , totally, wholly.
Syn. -- Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.
Branch (?), a. Diverging from,
or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a
branch vein; a branch road or line; a
branch topic; a branch store.
Branch, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Branched (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Branching.] 1. To
shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to
ramify.
2. To divide into separate parts or
subdivision.
To branch off, to form a branch or a separate
part; to diverge. -- To branch out, to speak
diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the
main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business,
etc.
To branch out into a long disputation.
Spectator.
Branch, v. t. 1. To divide as
into branches; to make subordinate division in.
2. To adorn with needlework representing branches,
flowers, or twigs.
The train whereof loose far behind her strayed,
Branched with gold and pearl, most richly wrought.
Spenser.
Branch"er (?), n. 1.
That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in
various directions.
2. (Falconry) A young hawk when it
begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.
Branch"er*y (?), n. A system of
branches.
\'d8Bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl.
Branchi\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. /,
pl. of /.] (Anat.) A gill; a respiratory
organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many
aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.
Bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to branchi\'91 or
gills.
Branchial arches, the bony or cartilaginous
arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of
fishes and amphibians. See Illustration in
Appendix. -- Branchial clefts, the openings
between the branchial arches through which water
passes.
Bran"chi*ate (?), a.
(Anat.) Furnished with branchi\'91; as,
branchiate segments.
Bran*chif"er*ous (?), a.
(Anat.) Having gills; branchiate; as,
branchiferous gastropods.
Branch"i*ness (?), n. Fullness
of branches.
Branch"ing, a. Furnished with branches;
shooting our branches; extending in a branch or branches.
Shaded with branching palm.
Milton.
Branch"ing, n. The act or state of
separation into branches; division into branches; a division or
branch.
The sciences, with their numerous branchings.
L. Watts.
\'d8Bran`chi*o*gas*trop"o*da (?), n.
pl. [NL., from Gr. / gill + E.
gastropoda.] (Zo\'94l.) Those
Gastropoda that breathe by branchi\'91, including the
Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata.
Bran`chi*om"er*ism (?), n. [Gr.
/ gill + -mere.] (Anat.) The
state of being made up of branchiate segments.
R. Wiedersheim.
Bran"chi*o*pod (?), n. One of
the Branchiopoda.
\'d8Bran"chi*o*poda (?), n. pl.
[Gr. / gill + -poda: cf. F.
branchiopode.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of Entomostraca; -- so named from the feet of branchiopods
having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It
includes the fresh-water genera Branchipus,
Apus, and Limnadia, and the genus
Artemia found in salt lakes. It is also called
Phyllopoda. See Phyllopoda,
Cladocera. It is sometimes used in a broader
sense.
Bran`chi*os"te*gal (?), a. [Gr.
/ gill + / to cover: cf. F.
branchiost\'8age.] (Anat.)
Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of
fishes. -- n. (Anat.) A
branchiostegal ray. See Illustration of
Branchial arches in Appendix.
Bran`chi*os"tege (?), (Anat.)
The branchiostegal membrane. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Bran`chi*os"te*gous (?), a.
(Anat.) Branchiostegal.
\'d8Bran`chi*os"to*ma (?), n.
[NL., fr., Gr. / gill + / mouth.]
(Zo\'94l.) The lancelet. See
Amphioxus.
\'d8Bran"chi*u"ra (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr., Gr. / gill + / tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Entomostraca, with
suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the
carp lice (Argulus).
Branch"less (?), a. Destitude
of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren;
naked.
Branch"let (?), n.
[Branch + -let.] A little
branch; a twig.
Branch" pi`lot (?). A pilot who has a
branch or commission, as from Trinity House, England, for special
navigation.
Branch"y (?), a. Full of
branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of
branches.
Beneath thy branchy bowers of thickest gloom.
J. Scott.
Brand (?), n. [OE.
brand, brond, AS. brand brond
brand, sword, from byrnan, beornan, to
burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. brand brand, Icel.
brandr a brand, blade of a sword. Burn, v. t., and cf.
Brandish.] 1. A burning piece of
wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning
or after the fire is extinct.
Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw
it on a matted roof.
Palfrey.
2. A sword, so called from its glittering or
flashing brightness. [Poetic]
Tennyson.
Paradise, so late their happy seat,
Waved over by that flaming brand.
Milton.
3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon
a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the
contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; -- also, a
mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a
stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good
brand of flour.
4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron.
Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma.
The brand of private vice.
Channing.
5. An instrument to brand with; a branding
iron.
6. (Bot.) Any minute fungus which
produces a burnt appearance in plants. The brands are of many
species and several genera of the order
Puccini\'91i.
Brand (?), v.t [imp.
& p. p. Branded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Branding.]. 1. To burn a
distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate
quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a
convict).
2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any
other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name
of manufacture, etc.
3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma,
upon.
The Inquisition branded its victims with
infamy.
Prescott.
There were the enormities, branded and condemned by
the first and most natural verdict of common humanity.
South.
4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot
iron.
As if it were branded on my mind.
Geo. Eliot.
Brand"erhw> (#), n. 1.
One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.
2. A gridiron. [Scot.]
Brand" goose` (#). [Prob. fr. 1st
brand + goose: cf. Sw.
brandg\'86s. Cf. Brant.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of wild goose (Branta
bernicla) usually called in America
brant. See Brant.
Bran"died (?), a. Mingled with
brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or
treated with brandy; as, brandied
peaches.
Brand"ing i`*ron (?). An iron to brand
with.
Brand" i`ron. 1. A branding iron.
2. A trivet to set a pot on.
Huloet.
3. The horizontal bar of an andiron.
Bran"dish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brandished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brandishing.] [OE.
braundisen, F. brandir, fr.
brand a sword, fr. OHG. brant brand. See
Brand, n.] 1. To move or
wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to
shake or flourish.
The quivering lance which he brandished bright.
Drake.
2. To play with; to flourish; as, to
brandish syllogisms.
Bran"dish, n. A flourish, as with a
weapon, whip, etc. \'bdBrandishes of the
fan.\'b8
Tailer.
Bran"dish*er (?), n. One who
brandishes.
Bran"dle (?), v. t. & i. [F.
brandiller.] To shake; to totter.
[Obs.]
{ Brand"ling (?), Brand"lin
(?) }, n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Branlin, fish and worm.
Brand"-new" (?), a. [See
Brand, and cf. Brannew.] Quite new;
bright as if fresh from the forge.
Brand" spore` (?). (Bot.) One
of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by
one of the fungi called brand.
Bran"dy (?), n.; pl.
Brandies (#). [From older
brandywine, brandwine, fr. D.
brandewijn, fr. p. p. of branden to burn,
distill + wijn wine, akin to G. branntwein.
See Brand.] A strong alcoholic liquor
distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled
from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled
from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to
a spirit obtained from grain.
Brandy fruit, fruit preserved in brandy and
sugar.
Bran"dy*wine` (?), n.
Brandy. [Obs.]
Wiseman.
Bran"gle (?), n. [Prov. E.
brangled confused, entangled, Scot. brangle
to shake, menace; probably a variant of wrangle,
confused with brawl. ] A
wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute.
[R.]
A brangle between him and his neighbor.
Swift.
Bran"gle, v.i [imp. & p.
p. Brangled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brangling (#).] To
wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble.
[R.]
Bran"gle*ment (?), n. Wrangle;
brangle. [Obs.]
Bran"gler (?), n. A quarrelsome
person.
Bran"gling (?), n. A
quarrel. [R.]
Whitlock.
Brank (?), n. [Prov. of Celtic
origin; cf. L. brance, brace, the Gallic
name of a particularly white kind of corn.]
Buckwheat. [Local, Eng.]
Halliwell.
{ Brank, Branks, } n.
[Cf. Gael. brangus, brangas, a sort of
pillory, Ir. brancas halter, or D. pranger
fetter.] 1. A sort of bridle with wooden side
pieces. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Jamieson.
2. A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used
for correcting scolding women. It was an iron frame surrounding
the head and having a triangular piece entering the mouth of the
scold.
Brank, v. i. 1. To hold up and
toss the head; -- applied to horses as spurning the bit.
[Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
2. To prance; to caper. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Brank"ur*sine (?), n. [F.
branc-ursine, branch-ursine, fr. LL.
branca claw + L. ursinus belonging to a
bear (fr. ursus bear), i .e.,
bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf.
Branch.] (Bot.) Bear's-breech, or
Acanthus.
Bran"lin (?), n. [Scot.
branlie fr. brand.]
(Zo\'94l.) A young salmon or parr, in the stage
in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a
gridiron.
Bran"lin, n. [See Brand.]
A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small
fresh-water fish; -- so called from its red color.
Bran"-new" (?), a. See
Brand-new.
Bran"ny (?), a. Having the
appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran.
Wiseman.
Bran"sle (?), n. [See
Brawl a dance.] A brawl or dance.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 176 -->
Brant (?), n. [Cf.Brand
goose, Brent, Brenicle.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of wild goose (Branta
bernicla) -- called also brent and
brand goose. The name is also applied to other
related species.
Brant, a. [See Brent.]
Steep. [Prov. Eng.]
Bran"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European redstart; -- so called
from the red color of its tail.
Brant"-fox` (?), n. [For
brand-fox; cf. G. brandfuchs, Sw.
bradr\'84f. So called from its yellowish brown and
somewhat black color. See Brand.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of fox found in Sweden
(Vulpes alopex), smaller than the common fox (V.
vulgaris), but probably a variety of it.
Bran"u*lar (?), a. Relating to
the brain; cerebral.
I. Taylor.
Bra"sen (?), a. Same as
Brazen.
Brash (?), a. [Cf. Gael.
bras or G. barsch harsh, sharp, tart,
impetuous, D. barsch, Sw. & Dan.
barsk.] Hasty in temper; impetuous.
Grose.
Brash, a. [Cf. Amer. bresk,
brusk, fragile, brittle.] Brittle, as wood
or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.]
Bartlett.
Brash, n. [See Brash
brittle.] 1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or
transient fit of sickness.
2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of
hedges. [Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
3. (Geol.) Broken and angular fragments
of rocks underlying alluvial deposits.
Lyell.
4. Broken fragments of ice.
Kane.
Water brash (Med.), an affection
characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach
with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis. --
Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of
diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned.
{ Bra"sier, Bra"zier }
(?), n. [OE. brasiere, F.
braise live coals. See Brass.] An
artificer who works in brass.
Franklin.
{ Bra"sier, Bra"zier },
n. [F. brasier,
brais\'a1er, fr. braise live coals. See
Brass.] A pan for holding burning
coals.
Brass (?), n.; pl.
Brasses (#). [OE. bras,
bres, AS. br\'91s; akin to Icel.
bras cement, solder, brasa to harden by
fire, and to E. braze, brazen. Cf. 1st & 2d
Braze.] 1. An alloy (usually yellow)
of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing
two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains
tin, and rarely other metals.
2. (Mach.) A journal bearing, so called
because frequently made of brass. A brass is often lined with a
softer metal, when the latter is generally called a white
metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box,
and Bearing.
3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze.
[Obs.]
Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your
purses, nor scrip for your journey.
Matt. x. 9.
4. Impudence; a brazen face.
[Colloq.]
5. pl. Utensils, ornaments, or other
articles of brass.
The very scullion who cleans the brasses.
Hopkinson.
6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device.
Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally
having the portrait, coat of arms, etc.
7. pl. (Mining) Lumps of
pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that
of brass.
brass as used in Sculpture
language is a translation for copper or some kind of
bronze.
Brass is often used adjectively or in
self-explaining compounds; as, brass button,
brass kettle, brass founder,
brass foundry or brassfoundry.
Brass band (Mus.), a band of
musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as
trumpets, cornets, etc. -- Brass foil,
Brass leaf, brass made into very thin
sheets; -- called also Dutch gold.
Bras"sage (?), n. [F.]
A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; -- now
called seigniorage.
Bras"sart (?), n. [F.
brassard, fr. bras arm. See Brace,
n.] Armor for the arm; -- generally used
for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting,
in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts.
Brasse (?), n. [Perh. a
transposition of barse; but cf. LG. brasse
the bream, G. brassen Cf. Bream.]
(Zo\'94l.) A spotted European fish of the genus
Lucioperca, resembling a perch.
Bras"sets (?), n. See
Brassart.
\'d8Bras"si*ca (?), n. [L.,
cabbage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants
embracing several species ad varieties differing much in
appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage (B.
oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip
(B. campestris); the common turnip (B.
rapa); the rape of coleseed (B. napus),
etc.
Bras`si*ca"ceous (?), a. [L.
brassica cabbage.] (Bot.)
Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the
Cabbage family.
Brass"i*ness (?), n. The state,
conditions, or quality of being brassy.
[Colloq.]
Brass"-vis"aged (?), a.
Impudent; bold.
Brass"y (?), a. 1. Of
or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or
hardness, of brass.
2. Impudent; impudently bold.
[Colloq.]
Brast (?), v. t. & i. [See
Burst.] To burst. [Obs.]
And both his y\'89n braste out of his face.
Chaucer.
Dreadfull furies which their chains have brast.
Spenser.
Brat (?), n. [OE.
bratt coarse garnment, AS. bratt cloak, fr.
the Celtic; cf. W. brat clout, rag, Gael.
brat cloak, apron, raf, Ir. brat cloak;
properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.]
1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse
clothing, in general. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes
clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Wright.
3. A child; an offspring; -- formerly used in a
good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense.
\'bdThis brat is none of mine.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdA beggar's brat.\'b8
Swift.
O Israel! O household of the Lord!
O Abraham's brats! O brood of blessed seed!
Gascoigne.
4. The young of an animal.
[Obs.]
L'Estrange.
Brat (?), n. (Mining)
A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of
lime.
\'d8Brat"sche (?), n. [G., fr.
It. viola da braccio viola held on the arm.]
The tenor viola, or viola.
Brat"tice (?), n. [See
Brettice.] (Mining) (a) A
wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for
ventilation. (b) Planking to support a roof
or wall.
Brat"tish*ing (?), n. 1.
See Brattice, n.
2. (Arch.) Carved openwork, as of a
shrine, battlement, or parapet.
Braun"ite (?), n. (Min.)
A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color.
It was named from a Mr. Braun of Gotha.
Bra*vade" (/), n.
Bravado. [Obs.]
Fanshawe.
Bra*va"do (?), n., pl.
Bravadoes (#). [Sp.
bravada, bravata, boast, brag: cf. F.
bravade. See Brave.] Boastful and
threatening behavior; a boastful menace.
In spite of our host's bravado.
Irving.
Brave (?), a.
[Compar. Braver;
superl. Bravest.] [F.
brave, It. or Sp. bravo, (orig.) fierce,
wild, savage, prob. from. L. barbarus. See
Barbarous, and cf. Bravo.]
1. Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; -- opposed
to cowardly; as, a brave man; a
brave act.
2. Having any sort of superiority or excellence; --
especially such as in conspicuous. [Obs. or
Archaic as applied to material things.]
Iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth.
Bacon.
It being a brave day, I walked to Whitehall.
Pepys.
3. Making a fine show or display.
[Archaic]
Wear my dagger with the braver grace.
Shak.
For I have gold, and therefore will be brave.
In silks I'll rattle it of every color.
Robert Greene.
Frog and lizard in holiday coats
And turtle brave in his golden spots.
Emerson.
Syn. -- Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous;
bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous;
high-spirited; stout-hearted. See Gallant.
Brave (?), n. 1. A
brave person; one who is daring.
The star-spangled banner, O,long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave.
F. S. Key.
2. Specifically, an Indian warrior.
3. A man daring beyond discretion; a bully.
Hot braves like thee may fight.
Dryden.
4. A challenge; a defiance; bravado.
[Obs.]
Demetrius, thou dost overween in all;
And so in this, to bear me down with braves.
Shak.
Brave, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Braved (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Braving.] 1. To encounter with
courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to
dare.
These I can brave, but those I can not bear.
Dryden.
2. To adorn; to make fine or showy.
[Obs.]
Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast
braved meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced
or braved.
Shak.
Brave"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly;
splendidly; nobly.
2. Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily.
And [she] decked herself bravely to allure the eyes
of all men that should see her.
Judith. x. 4.
3. Well; thrivingly; prosperously.
[Colloq.]
Brave"ness, n. The quality of state or
being brave.
Brav"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F.
braverie.] 1. The quality of being
brave; fearless; intrepidity.
Remember, sir, my liege, . . .
The natural bravery of your isle.
Shak.
2. The act of braving; defiance; bravado.
[Obs.]
Reform, then, without bravery or scandal of former
times and persons.
3. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance;
ostentation; fine dress.
With scarfs and fans and double change of
bravery.
Shak.
Like a stately ship . . .
With all her bravery on, and tackle trim.
Milton.
4. A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau.
[Obs.]
A man that is the bravery of his age.
Beau. & Fl.
Syn. -- Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor;
fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See
Courage, and Heroism.
Brav"ing (?), n. A bravado; a
boast.
With so proud a strain
Of threats and bravings.
Chapman.
Brav"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
defiant manner.
Bra"vo (?), n.; pl.
Bravoes (#). [I. See
Brave, a.] A daring villain; a
bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or
murderer.
Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey.
And stab, like bravoes, all who come this way.
Churchill.
Bra"vo (?), interj. [It. See
Brave.] Well done! excellent! an exclamation
expressive of applause.
\'d8Bra*vu"ra (?), n. [It.,
(properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See
Brave.] (Mus.) A florid, brilliant
style of music, written for effect, to show the range and
flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill
of a performer; virtuoso music.
Aria di bravura (/) [It.],
a florid air demanding brilliant execution.
Brawl (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Brawled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brawling.] [OE. braulen to
quarrel, boast, brallen to cry, make a noise; cf. LG.
brallen to brag, MHG. pr/ulen,
G. prahlen, F. brailler to cry, shout, Pr.
brailar, braillar, W. bragal to
vociferate, brag, Armor. bragal to romp, to strut, W.
broliaw to brag, brawl boast. /95.]
1. To quarrel noisily and outrageously.
Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that
brawleth openly with his wife.
Golden Boke.
2. To complain loudly; to scold.
3. To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a
rapid stream running over stones.
Where the brook brawls along the painful road.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- To wrangle; squabble; contend.
Brawl (?), n. A noisy quarrel;
loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult; as, a drunken
brawl.
His sports were hindered by the brawls.
Shak.
Syn. -- Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult.
Brawl"er (?), n. One that
brawls; wrangler.
Common brawler (Law), one who
disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable
at common law as a nuisance).
Wharton.
Brawl"ing, a. 1. Quarreling;
quarrelsome; noisy.
She is an irksome brawling scold.
Shak.
2. Making a loud confused noise. See
Brawl, v. i., 3.
A brawling stream.
J. S. Shairp.
Brawl"ing*ly, adv. In a brawling
manner.
Brawn (?), n. [OF.
braon fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. br/to
flesh, G. braten roast meat; akin to Icel.
br// flesh, food of beasts, AS. br/de
roast meat, br/dan to roast, G. braten,
and possibly to E. breed.] 1. A
muscle; flesh. [Obs.]
Formed well of brawns and of bones.
Chaucer.
2. Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg,
muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body;
sometimes, the arm.
Brawn without brains is thine.
Dryden.
It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the
brawn of the left hand.
E. Hall.
And in my vantbrace put this withered brawn.
Shak.
3. The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and
prepared flesh of a boar.
The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which
time it is best to geld him, or sell him for
brawn.
Mortimer.
4. A boar. [Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Brawned (?), a. Brawny; strong;
muscular. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Brawn"er (?), n. A boor killed
for the table.
Brawn"i*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being brawny.
Brawn"y (?), a. Having large,
strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong.
\'bdBrawny limbs.\'b8
W. Irving.
Syn. -- Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic;
stalwart; powerful; robust.
Brax"y (?), n. [Cf. AS.
breac rheum, broc sickness, Ir.
bracha corruption. Jamieson.]
1. A disease of sheep. The term is variously
applied in different localities. [Scot.]
2. A diseased sheep, or its mutton.
Bray (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brayed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Braying.]
[OE. brayen, OF. breier, F.
broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan to
break. See Break.] To pound, beat, rub, or
grind small or fine.
Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, . .
. yet will not his foolishness depart from him.
Prov. xxvii. 22.
Bray, v. i. [OE brayen, F.
braire to bray, OF. braire to cry, fr. LL.
bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E.
break; or perh. of imitative origin.]
1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass.
Laugh, and they
Return it louder than an ass can bray.
Dryden.
2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant
noise.
Heard ye the din of battle bray?
Gray.
Bray, v. t. To make or utter with a
loud, discordant, or harsh and grating sound.
Arms on armor clashing, brayed
Horrible discord.
MIlton.
And varying notes the war pipes brayed.
Sir W. Scott.
Bray, n. The harsh cry of an ass; also,
any harsh, grating, or discordant sound.
The bray and roar of multitudinous London.
Jerrold.
Bray, n. [OE. braye,
brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill,
bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr.
AS. br/w eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel.
br/ eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. br/
yebrow. See Brow.] A bank; the slope of a
hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the usual
spelling. [North of Eng. & Scot.]
Fairfax.
Bray"er (?), n. An implement
for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.
Bray"er, n. One that brays like an
ass.
Pope.
Bray"ing, a. Making a harsh noise;
blaring. \'bdBraying trumpets.\'b8
Shak.
Braze (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Brazed (#);
p. pr & vb. n. Brazing.] [F.
braser to solder, fr. Icel. brasa to harden
by fire. Cf. Brass.] 1. To solder
with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as,
to braze the seams of a copper pipe.
2. To harden. \'bdNow I am brazes
to it.\'b8
Shak.
Braze (?), v. t. [AS.
br\'91sian, fr. br\'91s brass. See
Brass.] To cover or ornament with
brass.
Chapman.
Bra"zen (?), a.[OE.
brasen, AS. br\'91sen. See
Brass.] 1. Pertaining to, made of,
or resembling, brass.
2. Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding
brass.
3. Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front
like brass; as, a brazen countenance.
Brazen age. (a) (Myth.)
The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age.
(b) (Arch\'91ol.) See under
Bronze. -- Brazen sea (Jewish
Antiq.), a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's
temple for the use of the priests.
Bra"zen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Brazened (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brazening.] To carry through
impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the matter
through.
Sabina brazened it out before Mrs. Wygram, but
inwardly she was resolved to be a good deal more circumspect.
W. Black.
Bra"zen-browed` (?), a.
Shamelessly impudent.
Sir T. Browne.
Bra"zen*face` (?), n. An
impudent of shameless person. \'bdWell said,
brazenface; hold it out.\'b8
Shak.
Bra"zen*faced` (?), a.
Impudent; shameless.
Bra"zen*ly (?), adv. In a bold,
impudent manner.
<-- p. 177 -->
Bra"zen*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of being brazen.
Johnson.
Bra"zier (?), n. Same as
Brasier.
\'d8Braz`i*let"to (?), n. [Cf.
Pg. & Sp. brasilete, It. brasiletto.]
See Brazil wood.
Bra*zil"ian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Brasil. -- n. A native
or an inhabitant of Brazil.
Brazilian pebble. See Pebble,
n., 2.
Braz"i*lin (?), n. [Cf. F.
br\'82siline. See Brazil.]
(Chem.) A substance contained in both Brazil wood
and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow
crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored
intensely red by alkalies. [Written also
brezilin.]
Bra*zil" nut` (?). (Bot.) An
oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the Bertholletia
excelsa; the cream nut.
Bra*zil" wood` (?). [OE.
brasil, LL. brasile (cf. Pg. & Sp.
brasil, Pr. bresil, Pr. bresil);
perh. from Sp. or Pg. brasa a live coal (cf.
Braze, Brasier); or Ar. vars plant
for dyeing red or yellow. This name was given to the wood from
its color; and it is said that King Emanuel, of Portugal, gave
the name Brazil to the country in South America on account of its
producing this wood.]
1. The wood of the oriental C\'91salpinia
Sapan; -- so called before the discovery of America.
2. A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported
from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and
for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of C\'91salpinia
echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it.
An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of C.
Braziliensis and C. crista. This is often
distinguished as Braziletto , but the better kind is
also frequently so named.
Breach (?), n. [OE.
breke, breche, AS. brice,
gebrice, gebrece (in comp.), fr.
brecan to break; akin to Dan. br\'91k, MHG.
breche, gap, breach. See Break, and cf.
Brake (the instrument), Brack a break] .
1. The act of breaking, in a figurative
sense.
2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law,
or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; as,
a breach of contract; a breach of
promise.
3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or
battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the
parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture.
Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;
Or close the wall up with our English dead.
Shak.
4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the
waters themselves; surge; surf.
The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the
breach of waters.
2 Sam. v. 20/
A clear breach implies that the waves roll
over the vessel without breaking. -- A clean
breach implies that everything on deck is swept
away.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
5. A breaking up of amicable relations;
rupture.
There's fallen between him and my lord
An unkind breach.
Shak.
6. A bruise; a wound.
Breach for breach, eye for eye.
Lev. xxiv. 20/
7. (Med.) A hernia; a rupture.
8. A breaking out upon; an assault.
The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza.
1. Chron. xiii. 11/
Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to
keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence
or trust. -- Breach of peace, disorderly
conduct, disturbing the public peace. -- Breach of
privilege, an act or default in violation of the
privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a
State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a
committee.
Mozley. Abbott.
- Breach of promise, violation of one's
plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry. -- Breach of
trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter
entrusted to one.
Syn. -- Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break;
disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement;
violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference;
misunderstanding.
Breach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Breached (/) ; p. pr. & vb.
n. Breaching.] To make a breach
or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a
city.
Breach, v. i. To break the water, as by
leaping out; -- said of a whale.
Breach"y (?), a. Apt to break
fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as,
breachy cattle.
Bread (?), v. t. [AS.
br\'91dan to make broad, to spread. See
Broad, a.] To spread.
[Obs.]
Ray.
Bread (?), n. [AS.
bre\'a0d; akin to OFries. br\'bed, OS.
br/d, D. brood, G. brod,
brot, Icel. brau/, Sw. & Dan.
br\'94d. The root is probably that of E.
brew. / See Brew.] 1.
An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening,
kneading, and baking.
Raised bread is made with yeast, salt,
and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm
milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given
time to rise before baking. -- Cream of tartar bread
is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate
(as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid
tartrate of potassium) or some acid. -- Unleavened
bread is usually mixed with water and salt only.
A\'89rated bread. See under
A\'89rated. Bread and butter
(fig.), means of living. -- Brown
bread, Indian bread, Graham bread,
Rye and Indian bread. See Brown
bread, under Brown. -- Bread
tree. See Breadfruit.
2. Food; sustenance; support of life, in
general.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Matt. vi. 11
Bread, v. t. (Cookery) To
cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as,
breaded cutlets.
Bread"bas`ket (?), n. The
stomach. [Humorous]
S. Foote.
Bread"corn` (?). Corn of grain of which
bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.
Bread"ed, a. Braided
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Bread"en (?), a. Made of
bread. [R.]
Bread"fruit` (?), n.
(Bot.) 1. The fruit of a tree
(Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of the
Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form,
from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked,
somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the
name.
2. (Bot.) The tree itself, which is one
of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made
from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called
also breadfruit tree and bread
tree.
Bread"less, a. Without bread; destitude
of food.
Plump peers and breadless bards alike are dull.
P. Whitehead.
Bread`root" (?), n.
(Bot.) The root of a leguminous plant
(Psoralea esculenta), found near the Rocky Mountains.
It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter,
affording sweet and palatable food.
Pomme blanche of Canadian
voyageurs.
Bread"stuff (?), n. Grain,
flour, or meal of which bread is made.
Breadth (?), n. [OE.
brede, breede, whence later
bredette, AS. br/du, fr.
br\'bed broad. See Broad,
a.]
1. Distance from side to side of any surface or
thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length;
width.
2. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the
colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of
objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details,
producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; --
called also breadth of effect.
Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the
painting of all great masters.
Weale.
Breadth"less, a. Without breadth.
Breadth"ways (?), ads.
Breadthwise.
Whewell.
Breadth"wise (?), ads. In the
direction of the breadth.
Breadth"win`ner (?), n. The
member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family;
one who works for his living.
H. Spencer.
Break (?), v. t.
[imp. broke (?),
(Obs. Brake); p. p.
Broken (/), (Obs.
Broke); p. pr. & vb. n.
Breaking.] [OE. breken, AS.
brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D.
breken, OHG. brehhan, G.
brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw.
braka, br\'84kka to crack, Dan.
br\'91kke to break, Goth. brikan to break,
L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound,
Breach, Fragile.] 1. To
strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence;
as, to break a rope or chain; to break a
seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal;
to break a lock.
Shak.
2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as,
to break a package of goods.
3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge,
or communicate.
Katharine, break thy mind to me.
Shak.
4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law,
or promise.
Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . .
To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray.
Milton
5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to
dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to
break one's sleep; to break one's
journey.
Go, release them, Ariel;
My charms I'll break, their senses I'll
restore.
Shak.
6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part
from; as, to break a set.
7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into
disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to
break the British squares.
8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to
fragments.
The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments
with which he had solaced the hours of captivity.
Prescott.
9. To exchange for other money or currency of
smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar
bill.
10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or
consistency of; as, to break flax.
11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or
mind.
An old man, broken with the storms of state.
Shak.
12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock
of, as a fall or blow.
I'll rather leap down first, and break your
fall.
Dryden.
13. To impart, as news or information; to broach;
-- with to, and often with a modified word implying
some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the
widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a
friend.
14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make
tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to
the harness or saddle. \'bdTo break a
colt.\'b8
Spenser.
Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute?
Shak.
15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make
bankrupt; to ruin.
With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks,
Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks.
Dryden.
16. To destroy the official character and standing
of; to cashier; to dismiss.
I see a great officer broken.
Swift.
With prepositions or adverbs: --
To break down. (a) To crush; to
overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to
break down opposition. (b) To
remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break
down a door or wall. -- To break in.
(a) To force in; as, to break in a
door. (b) To train; to discipline; as,
a horse well broken in. -- To break
of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to
break one of a habit. -- To break
off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to
break off a twig. (b) To stop
suddenly; to abandon. \'bdBreak off thy sins by
righteousness.\'b8 Dan. iv. 27. -- To break
open, to open by breaking. \'bdOpen the door, or I
will break it open.\'b8 Shak. -- To break
out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to
break out a pane of glass. -- To break
out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it
easily. -- To break through. (a) To
make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of
gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break
through the enemy's lines; to break through the
ice. (b) To disregard; as, to
break through the ceremony. -- To break
up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new
or fallow ground). \'bdBreak up this capon.\'b8
Shak. \'bdBreak up your fallow ground.\'b8
Jer. iv. 3. (b) To dissolve; to put an end
to. \'bdBreak up the court.\'b8 Shak. --
To break (one) all up, to
unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset.
[Colloq.]
With an immediate object: -
To break the back. (a) To dislocate
the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To
get through the worst part of; as, to break the back
of a difficult undertaking. -- To break
bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a
portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail,
as from boats to cars. -- To break cover, to
burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when
hunted. -- To break a deer stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts
among those entitled to a share. -- To break
fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See
Breakfast. -- To break ground.
(a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence
excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as,
to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a
railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any
plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the
anchor from the bottom. -- To break the heart,
to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. -- To break
a house (Law), to remove or set aside with
violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the
fastenings provided to secure it. -- To break the
ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome
obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. --
To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail,
usually by forcible means. -- To break a jest,
to utter a jest. \'bdPatroclus . . . the livelong day
break scurril jests.\'b8 Shak. -- To
break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc.,
so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in
the preceding course. -- To break a lance, to
engage in a tilt or contest. -- To break the
neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. --
To break no squares, to create no trouble.
[Obs.] -- To break a path,
road, etc., to open a way through obstacles
by force or labor. -- To break upon a wheel,
to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a
wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; -- a mode of
punishment formerly employed in some countries. -- To
break wind, to give vent to wind from the
anus.
Syn. -- To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate;
infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.
Break (?), v. i. 1. To
come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with
suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.
2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from
within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag.
Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth
out.
Math. ix. 17.
3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to
view; to appear; to dawn.
The day begins to break, and night is fied.
Shak.
And from the turf a fountain broke,
and gurgled at our feet.
Wordswoorth.
4. To burst forth violently, as a storm.
The clouds are still above; and, while I speak,
A second deluge o'er our head may break.
Shak.
5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated;
as, the clouds are breaking.
At length the darkness begins to break.
Macawlay.
6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties;
to lose health or strength.
See how the dean begins to break;
Poor gentleman / he droops apace.
Swift.
7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or
grief; as, my heart is breaking.
8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt.
He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes
break, and come to poverty.
Bacn.
9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change
the gait; as, to break into a run or
gallop.
10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's
voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and
a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an
unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's
voice at puberty.
11. To fall out; to terminate friendship.
To break upon the score of danger or expense is to
be mean and narrow-spirited.
Collier.
With prepositions or adverbs: -
To break away, to disengage one's self
abruptly; to come or go away against resistance.
Fear me not, man; I will not break away.
Shak.
To break down. (a) To come down by
breaking; as, the coach broke down.
(b) To fail in any undertaking.
He had broken down almost at the outset.
Thackeray.
-- To break forth, to issue; to come out
suddenly, as sound, light, etc. \'bdThen shall thy light
break forth as the morning.\'b8
Isa. lviii. 8;
often with into in expressing or giving vent to
one's feelings. \'bdBreak forth into singing, ye
mountains.\'b8 Isa. xliv. 23.
To break from, to go away from abruptly.
This radiant from the circling crowd he
broke.
Dryden.
-- To break into, to enter by breaking; as, [to
break into a house. -- To break in upon,
to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly.
\'bdThis, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in
upon him.\'b8 Milton. -- To break
loose. (a) To extricate one's self
forcibly. \'bdWho would not, finding way, break
loose from hell?\'b8 Milton. (b) To
cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. -- To
break off. (a) To become separated by rupture,
or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist
or cease suddenly. \'bdNay, forward, old man; do not
break off so.\'b8 Shak. -- To break off
from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. --
To break out. (a) To burst forth; to
escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an
epidemic. \'bdFor in the wilderness shall waters break
out, and stream in the desert.\'b8 Isa. xxxv. 6
(b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; -- said
of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on
the akin; -- said of a patient. -- To break over,
to overflow; to go beyond limits. -- To break
up. (a) To become separated into parts or
fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the
wreck will break up in the next storm.
(b) To disperse. \'bdThe company breaks
up.\'b8 I. Watts. -- To break upon,
to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. -- To
break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's
relations with; to part friendship. \'bdIt can not be the
Volsces dare break with us.\'b8 Shak. \'bdIf
she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken
with him altogether.\'b8 Thackeray. (b)
To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to
speak. [Obs.] \'bdI will break with
her and with her father.\'b8 Shak.
<-- p. 178 -->
Break (?), n. [See
Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the
instrument), Breach, Brack a crack.]
1. An opening made by fracture or disruption.
2. An interruption of continuity; change of
direction; as, a break in a wall; a break
in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a)
(Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a
displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical
current.
3. An interruption; a pause; as, a
break in friendship; a break in the
conversation.
4. An interruption in continuity in writing or
printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line,
etc.
All modern trash is
Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes.
Swift.
5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning;
the dawn; as, the break of day; the break
of dawn.
6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight
body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the
footman's behind.
7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring
friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10.
8. (Teleg.) See
Commutator.
Break"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being broken.
Break"age (?), n. 1.
The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles
broken.
2. An allowance or compensation for things broken
accidentally, as in transportation or use.
Break"bone` fe`ver (?). (Med.)
See Dengue.
Break"-cir`cuit (?), n.
(Elec.) A key or other device for breaking an
electrical circuit.
Break"down` (?), n. 1.
The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage;
downfall.
2. (a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance
engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in
succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United
States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued
until most of those who take part in it break
down. (b) Any rude, noisy dance
performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a
time. [U.S.]
Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going
to have a breakdown to wind up with.
New Eng. Tales.
Break"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, breaks.
I'll be no breaker of the law.
Shak.
2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or
for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such
a machine is placed.
3. (Naut.) A small water cask.
Totten.
4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or
against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface.
The breakers were right beneath her bows.
Longfellow.
Break"fast (?), n.
[Break + fast.] 1.
The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the
first meal.
A sorry breakfast for my lord protector.
Shak.
2. A meal after fasting, or food in general.
The wolves will get a breakfast by my death.
Dryden.
Break"fast, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Breakfasting.] To break one's fast in
the morning; too eat the first meal in the day.
First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast.
Prior.
Break"fast, v. t. To furnish with
breakfast.
Milton.
Break"man (?), n. See
Brakeman.
Break"neck` (?), n. 1.
A fall that breaks the neck.
2. A steep place endangering the neck.
Break"neck` (?), a. Producing
danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck
speed.
Break"-up` (?), n. Disruption;
a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a
break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a
break-up of the government.
Break"wa`ter (?), n. Any
structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a
harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from
their violence.
Bream (?), n. [OE.
breme, brem, F. br\'88me, OF.
bresme, of German origin; cf. OHG.
brahsema, brahsina, OLG.
bressemo, G. brassen. Cf.
Brasse.]
1. (Zo\'94l) A European fresh-water
cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as
food. Several species are known.
2. (Zo\'94l) An American fresh-water
fish, of various species of Pomotis and allied genera,
which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. See
Pondfish.
3. (Zo\'94l) A marine sparoid fish of
the genus Pagellus, and allied genera. See Sea
Bream.
Bream, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Breamed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Breaming.] [Cf.
Broom, and G. ein schiff brennen.]
(Naut.) To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent
shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and
scraping.
Breast (?), n. [OE.
brest, breost, As. bre\'a2st;
akin to Icel. brj/st, Sw. br\'94st, Dan.
bryst, Goth. brusts, OS. briost,
D. borst, G. brust.] 1.
The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly;
the chest; as, the breast of a man or of a
horse.
2. Either one of the protuberant glands, situated
on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of
some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the
nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat.
My brother, that sucked the breasts of my
mother.
Cant. viii. 1.
3. Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom;
the front or forward part of anything; as, a chimney
breast; a plow breast; the breast of a
hill.
Mountains on whose barren breast
The laboring clouds do often rest.
Milton.
4. (Mining) (a) The face of a
coal working. (b) The front of a
furnace.
5. The seat of consciousness; the repository of
thought and self-consciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the
affections and passions; the heart.
He has a loyal breast.
Shak.
6. The power of singing; a musical voice; -- so
called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the
lungs, which lie within the breast. [Obs.]
By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast.
Shak.
Breast drill, a portable drilling machine,
provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the
work. -- Breast pang. See Angina
pectoris, under Angina. -- To make a
clean breast, to disclose the secrets which weigh upon
one; to make full confession.
Breast, v. t. [imp. & p.
p.Breasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Breasted.] To meet, with the breast;
to struggle with or oppose manfully; as, to breast
the storm or waves.
The court breasted the popular current by
sustaining the demurrer.
Wirt.
To breast up a hedge, to cut the face of it on
one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the
plants.
Breast"band` (?), n. A band for
the breast. Specifically: (Naut.) A band of canvas, or
a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man
who heaves the lead in sounding.
Breast"beam` (?), n.
(Mach.) The front transverse beam of a
locomotive.
Breast"bone` (?), n. The bone
of the breast; the sternum.
Breast"-deep` (?), a. Deep as
from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.
See him breast-deep in earth, and famish him.
Shak.
Breast"ed, a. Having a breast; -- used
in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a
metaphorical sense; as, a single-breasted
coat.
The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer
open-breasted, on these occasions.
Spectator.
Breast"fast` (?), n.
(Naut.) A large rope to fasten the midship part
of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel.
Breast"height` (?), n. The
interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison
lean in firing.
Breast"-high` (?), a. High as
the breast.
Breast"hook` (?), n.
(Naut.) A thick piece of timber in the form of a
knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore
part and unite the bows on each side.
Totten.
Breast"ing, n. (Mach.) The
curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely
adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its
circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has
spent its force upon the wheel. See Breast wheel.
Breast"knot` (?), n. A pin worn
of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch.
Breast"plate` (?), n. 1.
A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive
armor.
Before his old rusty breastplate could be scoured,
and his cracked headpiece mended.
Swift.
2. A piece against which the workman presses his
breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool.
3. A strap that runs across a horse's breast.
Ash.
4. (Jewish Antiq.) A part of the
vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It
was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square,
set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names
of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Ephod.
{ Breast"plow`, Breast"plough` }
(?), n. A kind of plow, driven by the
breast of the workman; -- used to cut or pare turf.
Breast"rall` (?), n. The upper
rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the
railing of a quarter-deck, etc.
Breast"rope` (?), n. See
Breastband.
Breast"sum`mer (?), n.
(Arch.) A summer or girder extending across a
building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or
external wall; a long lintel; a girder; -- used principally above
shop windows. [Written also brestsummer
and bressummer.]
Breast"wheel` (?), n. A water
wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in
the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally
at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with
it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by
impulse, partly by its weight.
Breast"work` (?), n. 1.
(Fort.) A defensive work of moderate height,
hastily thrown up, of earth or other material.
2. (Naut.) A railing on the quarter-deck
and forecastle.
Breath (?), n. [OE.
breth, breeth, AS. br//
odor, scent, breath; cf. OHG. br\'bedam steam, vapor,
breath, G. brodem, and possibly E. Brawn, and
Breed.] 1. The air inhaled and
exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration,
has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous
vapor, warmth, etc.
Melted as breath into the wind.
Shak.
2. The act of breathing naturally or freely; the
power or capacity to breathe freely; as, I am out of
breath.
3. The power of respiration, and hence, life.
Hood.
Thou takest away their breath, they die.
Ps. civ. 29.
4. Time to breathe; respite; pause.
Give me some breath, some little pause.
Shak.
5. A single respiration, or the time of making it;
a single act; an instant.
He smiles and he frowns in a breath.
Dryden.
6. Fig.: That which gives or strengthens
life.
The earthquake voice of victory,
To thee the breath of life.
Byron.
7. A single word; the slightest effort; a
triffle.
A breath can make them, as a breath has
made.
Goldsmith.
8. A very slight breeze; air in gentle
motion.
Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea,
when not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface.
Addison.
9. Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume.
Tennison.
The breath of flowers.
Bacon.
10. Gentle exercise, causing a quicker
respiration.
An after dinner's breath.
Shak.
Out of breath, breathless, exhausted;
breathing with difficulty. -- Under one's breath,
in low tones.
Breath"a*ble (?), a. Such as
can be breathed.
Breath"a*ble*ness, n. State of being
breathable.
Breathe (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p Breathed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Breathing.] [From
Breath.]
1. To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to
live. \'bdI am in health, I breathe.\'b8
Shak.
Breathes there a man with soul so dead?
Sir W. Scott.
2. To take breath; to rest from action.
Well! breathe awhile, and then to it again!
Shak.
3. To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to
exhale; to emanate; to blow gently.
The air breathes upon us here most sweetly.
Shak.
There breathes a living fragrance from the
shore.
Byron.
Breathe, v. t. 1. To inhale and
exhale in the process of respiration; to respire.
To view the light of heaven, and breathe the vital
air.
Dryden.
2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; -- with
into.
Able to breathe life into a stone.
Shak.
And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and
breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.
Gen. ii. 7.
3. To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly;
to whisper; as, to breathe a vow.
He softly breathed thy name.
Dryden.
Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse,
A mother's curse, on her revolting son.
Shak.
4. To exhale; to emit, as breath; as, the
flowers breathe odors or perfumes.
5. To express; to manifest; to give forth.
Others articles breathe the same severe spirit.
Milner.
6. To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by
breathing. \'bdThey breathe the flute.\'b8
Prior.
7. To promote free respiration in; to
exercise.
And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for
men to breathe themselves upon thee.
Shak.
8. To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural
breathing; to rest; as, to breathe a
horse.
A moment breathed his panting steed.
Sir W. Scott.
9. To put out of breath; to exhaust.
Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little
breathed by the journey up.
Dickens.
10. (Phonetics) To utter without
vocality, as the nonvocal consonants.
The same sound may be pronounces either breathed,
voiced, or whispered.
H. Sweet.
Breathed elements, being already voiceless, remain
unchanged [in whispering].
H. Sweet.
To breathe again, to take breath; to feel a
sense of relief, as from danger, responsibility, or press of
business. -- To breathe one's last, to die;
to expire. -- To breathe a vein, to open a
vein; to let blood.
Dryden.
Breath"er (?), n. 1.
One who breathes. Hence: (a) One who
lives.(b) One who utters. (c) One who animates
or inspires.
2. That which puts one out of breath, as violent
exercise. [Colloq.]
Breath"ful (?), a. Full of
breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.]
Breath"ing (?), n. 1.
Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air.
Subject to a difficulty of breathing.
Melmoth.
2. Air in gentle motion.
3. Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration;
as, the breathings of the Spirit.
4. Aspiration; secret prayer. \'bdEarnest
desires and breathings after that blessed state.\'b8
Tillotson.
5. Exercising; promotion of respiration.
Here is a lady that wants breathing too;
And I have heard, you knights of Tyre
Are excellent in making ladies trip.
Shak.
6. Utterance; communication or publicity by
words.
I am sorry to give breathing to my purpose.
Shak.
7. Breathing place; vent.
Dryden.
8. Stop; pause; delay.
You shake the head at so long a breathing.
Shak.
9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the
friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when
the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the
letter h.
<-- p. 179 -->
10. (Gr. Gram.) A mark to indicate
aspiration or its absence. See Rough breathing,
Smooth breathing, below.
Breathing place. (a) A pause.
\'bdThat c\'91sura, or breathing place, in the midst of
the verse.\'b8 Sir P. Sidney. (b) A
vent. -- Breathing time, pause;
relaxation. Bp. Hall. -- Breathing
while, time sufficient for drawing breath; a short
time. Shak. -- Rough breathing
(spiritus asper) (/). See 2d
Asper, n. -- Smooth breathing
(spiritus lenis), a mark (') indicating the absence
of the sound of h, as in 'ie`nai
(ienai).
Breath"less (?), a. 1.
Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.
2. Not breathing; holding the breath, on account of
fear, expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding
of the breath; as, breathless attention.
But breathless, as we grow when feeling most.
Byron.
3. Dead; as, a breathless
body.
Breath"less*ly, adv. In a breathless
manner.
Breath"less*ness, n. The state of being
breathless or out of breath.
\'d8Brec"cia (?), n. [It.,
breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F. br\'8ache;
of German origin. See Breach.] (Geol.)
A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same
mineral or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and
commonly presenting a variety of colors.
Bone breccia, a breccia containing bones,
usually fragmentary. -- Coin breccia, a
breccia containing coins.
Brec"ci*a`ted (?), a.
Consisting of angular fragments cemented together;
resembling breccia in appearance.
The brecciated appearance of many specimens [of
meteorites].
H. A. Newton.
Bred (?), imp. & p. p. of
Breed.
Bred out, degenerated. \'bdThe strain of
man's bred out into baboon and monkey.\'b8
Shak. -- Bred to arms. See under
Arms. -- Well bred. (a) Of
a good family; having a good pedigree. \'bdA gentleman
well bred and of good name.\'b8 Shak.
[Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.]
(b) Well brought up, as shown in having good
manners; cultivated; refined; polite.
{ Brede, Breede }
(?), n. Breadth.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Brede (?), n. [See
Braid woven cord.] A braid.
[R.]
Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden brede.
Tennyson.
Breech (?), n. [See
Breeches.] 1. The lower part of the
body behind; the buttocks.
2. Breeches. [Obs.]
Shak.
3. The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a
cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber.
4. (Naut.) The external angle of knee
timber, the inside of which is called the
throat.
Breech, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Breeched (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Breeching (#).]
1. To put into, or clothe with, breeches.
A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's
youngest boy was breeched.
Macaulay.
2. To cover as with breeches.
[Poetic]
Their daggers unmannerly breeched with gore.
Shak.
3. To fit or furnish with a breech; as, to
breech a gun.
4. To whip on the breech. [Obs.]
Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he
went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have
breeched me.
Old Play.
5. To fasten with breeching.
Breech"block (?), n. The
movable piece which closes the breech of a breech-loading
firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is
withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again
before the gun is fired.
Breech"cloth` (?), n. A cloth
worn around the breech.
Breech"es (?), n. pl. [OE.
brech, brek, AS. br\'c7k, pl. of
br\'d3c breech, breeches; akin to Icel.
br\'d3k breeches, ODan. brog, D.
broek, G. bruch; cf. L. bracae,
braccae, which is of Celtic origin. Cf.
Brail.] 1. A garment worn by men,
covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.
His jacket was red, and his breeches were blue.
Coleridge.
2. Trousers; pantaloons.
[Colloq.]
Breeches buoy, in the life-saving service, a
pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike
life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing
the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block
which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore,
and is drawn to land by hauling lines. -- Breeches
pipe, a forked pipe forming two branches united at one
end. -- Knee breeches, breeches coming to the
knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes. --
To wear the breeches, to usurp the authority of
the husband; -- said of a wife. [Colloq.]
Breech"ing (?), n. 1.
A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the
breech.
I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes,
Whose looks were as a breeching to a boy.
Marlowe.
2. That part of a harness which passes round the
breech of a horse, enabling him to hold back a vehicle.
3. (Naut.) A strong rope rove through
the cascabel of a cannon and secured to ringbolts in the ship's
side, to limit the recoil of the gun when it is discharged.
4. The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to
convey the smoke from the flues to the smokestack.
Breech"load`er (?), n. A
firearm which receives its load at the breech.
For cavalry, the revolver and breechloader will
supersede the saber.
Rep. Sec. War (1860).
Breech"-load`ing, a. Receiving the
charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle.
{ Breech" pin` (?), Breech"
screw` } (?). A strong iron or steel
plug screwed into the breech of a musket or other firearm, to
close the bottom of the bore.
Breech" sight` (?). A device attached to
the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye, in conjunction with
the front sight, in taking aim.
Breed (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Breeding.]
[OE. breden, AS. br\'c7dan to nourish,
cherish, keep warm, from br\'d3d brood; akin to D.
broeden to brood, OHG. bruoten, G.
br\'81ten. See Brood.] 1.
To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to
procreate; to generate; to beget; to hatch.
Yet every mother breeds not sons alike.
Shak.
If the sun breed maggots in a dead dog.
Shak.
2. To take care of in infancy, and through the age
of youth; to bring up; to nurse and foster.
To bring thee forth with pain, with care to
breed.
Dryden.
Born and bred on the verge of the wilderness.
Everett.
3. To educate; to instruct; to form by education;
to train; -- sometimes followed by up.
But no care was taken to breed him a
Protestant.
Bp. Burnet.
His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the
trade he breeds them up in.
Locke.
4. To engender; to cause; to occasion; to
originate; to produce; as, to breed a storm; to
breed disease.
Lest the place
And my quaint habits breed astonishment.
Milton.
5. To give birth to; to be the native place of;
as, a pond breeds fish; a northern country
breeds stout men.
6. To raise, as any kind of stock.
7. To produce or obtain by any natural
process. [Obs.]
Children would breed their teeth with less
danger.
Locke.
Syn. -- To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch;
originate; bring up; nourish; train; instruct.
Breed, v. i. 1. To bear and
nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be
pregnant.
That they breed abundantly in the earth.
Gen. viii. 17.
The mother had never bred before.
Carpenter.
Ant. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams?
Shy. I can not tell. I make it breed as
fast.
Shak.
2. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be
generated, or to grow, as young before birth.
3. To have birth; to be produced or
multiplied.
Heavens rain grace
On that which breeds between them.
Shak.
4. To raise a breed; to get progeny.
The kind of animal which you wish to breed
from.
Gardner.
To breed in and in, to breed from animals of
the same stock that are closely related.
Breed, n. 1. A race or variety
of men or other animals (or of plants), perpetuating its special
or distinctive characteristics by inheritance.
Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's
breed.
Shak.
Greyhounds of the best breed.
Carpenter.
2. Class; sort; kind; -- of men, things, or
qualities.
Are these the breed of wits so wondered at?
Shak.
This courtesy is not of the right breed.
Shak.
3. A number produced at once; a brood.
[Obs.]
Breed is usually applied to domestic
animals; species or variety to wild animals
and to plants; and race to men.
Breed"bate (?), n. One who
breeds or originates quarrels. [Obs.] \'bdNo
telltale nor no breedbate.\'b8
Shak.
Breed"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up,
etc.
She was a great breeder.
Dr. A. Carlyle.
Italy and Rome have been the best breeders of
worthy men.
Ascham.
2. A cause. \'bdThe breeder of my
sorrow.\'b8
Shak.
Breed"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of generating or bearing.
2. The raising or improving of any kind of domestic
animals; as, farmers should pay attention to
breeding.
3. Nurture; education; formation of manners.
She had her breeding at my father's charge.
Shak.
4. Deportment or behavior in the external offices
and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training
in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society.
Delicacy of breeding, or that polite deference and
respect which civility obliges us either to express or
counterfeit towards the persons with whom we converse.
Hume.
5. Descent; pedigree; extraction.
[Obs.]
Honest gentlemen, I know not your breeding.
Shak.
Close breeding, In and in
breeding, breeding from a male and female from
the same parentage. -- Cross breeding,
breeding from a male and female of different lineage. --
Good breeding, politeness; genteel
deportment.
Syn. -- Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners.
See Education.
Breeze (?), Breeze" fly`
(/), n. [OE. brese,
AS. bri\'a2sa; perh. akin to OHG. brimissa,
G. breme, bremse, D. brems,
which are akin to G. brummen to growl, buzz, grumble,
L. fremere to murmur; cf. G. brausen, Sw.
brusa, Dan. bruse, to roar, rush.]
(Zo\'94l.) A fly of various species, of the
family Tabanid\'91, noted for buzzing about animals,
and tormenting them by sucking their blood; -- called also
horsefly, and gadfly. They
are among the largest of two-winged or dipterous insects. The
name is also given to different species of botflies.
[Written also breese and
brize.]
Breeze, n. [F. brise; akin to
It. brezza breeze, Sp. briza,
brisa, a breeze from northeast, Pg. briza
northeast wind; of uncertain origin; cf. F. bise, Pr.
bisa, OHG. bisa, north wind, Arm.
biz northeast wind.] 1. A light,
gentle wind; a fresh, soft-blowing wind.
Into a gradual calm the breezes sink.
Wordsworth.
2. An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry
of excitement; a disturbance; a quarrel; as, the discovery
produced a breeze. [Colloq.]
Land breeze, a wind blowing from the land,
generally at night. -- Sea breeze, a breeze
or wind blowing, generally in the daytime, from the
sea.
Breeze (?), n. [F.
braise cinders, live coals. See
Brasier.] 1. Refuse left in the
process of making coke or burning charcoal.
2. (Brickmaking) Refuse coal, coal
ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of bricks.
Breeze, v. i. To blow gently.
[R.]
J. Barlow.
To breeze up (Naut.), to blow with
increasing freshness.
Breeze"less, a. Motionless; destitute of
breezes.
A stagnant, breezeless air becalms my soul.
Shenstone.
Breez"i*ness (?), n. State of
being breezy.
Breez"y (?), a. 1.
Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy. \'bdA
breezy day in May.\'b8
Coleridge.
'Mid lawns and shades by breezy rivulets
fanned.
Wordsworth.
2. Fresh; brisk; full of life.
[Colloq.]
\'d8Breg"ma (?), n. [Gr. /
the front part of the head: cf. F. bregma.]
(Anat.) The point of junction of the coronal and
sagittal sutures of the skull.
Breg*mat"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Pertaining to the bregma.
Bre"hon (?), n. [Ir.
breitheamh judge.] An ancient Irish or
Scotch judge.
Brehon laws, the ancient Irish laws, --
unwritten, like the common law of England. They were abolished by
statute of Edward III.
Breme (?), a. [OE.
breme, brime, fierce, impetuous, glorious,
AS. br\'c7me, br/me, famous. Cf.
Brim, a.] 1. Fierce;
sharp; severe; cruel. [Obs.]
Spenser.
From the septentrion cold, in the breme freezing
air.
Drayton.
2. Famous; renowned; well known.
Wright.
[Written also brim and
brimme.]
{ Bren (?), Bren"ne (?),
} v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p.
Brent (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brenning.] [See Burn.]
To burn. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Consuming fire brent his shearing house or
stall.
W. Browne.
Bren, n. Bran. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bren"nage (?), n. [OF.
brenage; cf. LL. brennagium,
brenagium. See Bran.] (Old Eng.
Law) A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in
lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his
hounds.
Bren"ning*ly, adv. Burningly;
ardently. [Obs.]
{ Brent (?), Brant }
(?), a. [AS. brant; akin to
Dan. brat, Icel. brattr, steep.]
1. Steep; high. [Obs.]
Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that
ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them.
Ascham.
2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.]
Your bonnie brow was brent.
Burns.
Brent, imp. & p.p. of Bren.
Burnt. [Obs.]
Brent, n. [Cf. Brant.]
A brant. See Brant.
Breq"uet chain` (?). A watch-guard.
Brere (?), n. A brier.
[Archaic]
Chaucer.
Brest (?), 3d sing.pr. for
Bursteth. [Obs.]
{ Brest, Breast } (?),
n. (Arch.) A torus.
[Obs.]
Bres"te (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. Brast; p. p.
Brusten, Borsten,
Bursten.] To burst.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Brest"sum`mer (?), n. See
Breastsummer.
Bret (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Birt.
Bret"ful (?), a. [OE. also
brerdful, fr. brerd top, brim, AS.
brerd.] Brimful. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Breth"ren (?), n.;
pl. of Brother.
Bret"on (?), a. [F.
breton.] Of or relating to Brittany, or
Bretagne, in France. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the
ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.
Brett (?), n. Same as
Britzska.
Bret"tice (?), n.; pl.
Brettices (#). [OE.
bretasce, bretage, parapet, OF.
bretesche wooden tower, F. bret\'8ache, LL.
breteschia, bertresca, prob. fr. OHG.
bret, G. brett board; akin to E.
board. See Board, n., and cf.
Bartizan.] The wooden boarding used in
supporting the roofs and walls of coal mines. See
Brattice.
Bret"wal*da (?), n. [AS.
Bretwalda, br/ten walda, a powerful
ruler.] (Eng. Hist.) The official title
applied to that one of the Anglo-Saxon chieftains who was chosen
by the other chiefs to lead them in their warfare against the
British tribes.
Brande & C.
Bret"zel (?), n. [G.]
See Pretzel.
Breve (?), n. [It. & (in sense
2) LL. breve, fr. L. brevis short. See
Brief.] 1. (Mus.) A note
or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four
minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was
formerly of a square figure (as thus: / ), but is now made
oval, with a line perpendicular to the staff on each of its
sides; -- formerly much used for choir service.
Moore.
2. (Law) Any writ or precept under seal,
issued out of any court.
3. (Print.) A curved mark [
4. (Zo\'94l.) The great ant thrush of
Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very short
tail.
Bre*vet" (?), n. [F.
brevet, LL. brevetum, fr. L.
brevis short. See Brief.] 1.
A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title,
or dignity. [French usage].
2. (Mil.) A commission giving an officer
higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary
promotion of an officer.
brevet
is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,
for \'bdgallant actions or meritorious services.\'b8 A
brevet rank gives no right of command in the
particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can
be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on
court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with
pay of the brevet rank when on such duty.
<-- p. 180 -->
Bre*vet" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brevetted
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brevetting.] (Mil.) To confer
rank upon by brevet.
Bre*vet", a. (Mil.) Taking or
conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a
brevet commission.
Bre*vet"cy (?), n.; pl.
Brevetcies (/). (Mil.)
The rank or condition of a brevet officer.
Bre"vi*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Breviaries (/). [F.
br\'82viarie, L. breviarium summary,
abridgment, neut. noun fr. breviarius abridged, fr.
brevis short. See Brief, and cf.
Brevier.] 1. An abridgment; a
compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary.
A book entitled the abridgment or breviary of those
roots that are to be cut up or gathered.
Holland.
2. A book containing the daily public or canonical
prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the
seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first,
third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; --
distinguished from the missal.
Bre"vi*ate (?), n. [L.
breviatus, p.p. of breviare to shorten,
brevis short.] 1. A short compend;
a summary; a brief statement.
I omit in this breviate to rehearse.
Hakluyt.
The same little breviates of infidelity have . . .
been published and dispersed with great activity.
Bp. Porteus.
2. A lawyer's brief. [R.]
Hudibras.
Bre"vi*ate (?), v. t. To
abbreviate. [Obs.]
Bre"vi*a*ture (?), n. An
abbreviature; an abbreviation. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Bre*vier" (?), n. [Prob. from
being originally used in printing a breviary. See
Breviary.] (Print.) A size of type
between bourgeous and minion.
brevier type.
/
Bre*vil"o*quence (?), n. [L.
breviloquentia.] A brief and pertinent mode
of speaking. [R.]
Brev"i*ped (?), a. [L.
brevis short + pes, pedis, foot:
cf. F. br\'82vip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having short legs. -- n. A
breviped bird.
Brev"i*pen (?), n. [L.
brevis short + penna wing: cf. F.
br\'82vipenne.] (Zo\'94l.) A
brevipennate bird.
Brev`i*pen"nate (?), a. [L.
brevis short + E. pennate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Short-winged; -- applied to birds
which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich,
cassowary, and emu.
{ Brev`i*ros"tral (?),
Brev`i*ros"trate (?), } a.
[L. brevis short + E. rostral,
rostrate.] (Zo\'94l.)
Short-billed; having a short beak.
Brev"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Brevities (#). [L.
brevitas, fr. brevis short: cf. F.
bri\'8avit\'82. See Brief.] 1.
Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the
brevity of human life.
2. Contraction into few words; conciseness.
Brevity is the soul of wit.
Shak.
This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant
brevity and simplicity.
Bp. Porteus.
Syn. -- Shortness; conciseness; succinctness;
terseness.
Brew (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brewed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Brewing.]
[OE. brewen, AS. bre\'a2wan; akin to
D. brouwen, OHG. priuwan, MHG.
briuwen, br/wen, G. brauen,
Icel. brugga, Sw. brygga, Dan.
brygge, and perh. to L. defrutum must
boiled down, Gr. / (for /?) a kind of beer. The original
meaning seems to have been to prepare by heat.
Broth, Bread.] 1.
To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.]
2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt
and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and
fermentation. \'bdShe brews good ale.\'b8
Shak.
3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to
concoct.
Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely.
Shak.
4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to
contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; as, to brew
mischief.
Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul
deceiver!
Milton.
Brew (?), v. i. 1. To
attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing
or making beer.
I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour.
Shak.
2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing,
forming, or gathering; as, a storm brews in the
west.
There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest.
Shak.
Brew (?), n. The mixture formed
by brewing; that which is brewed.
Bacon.
Brew"age (?), n. Malt liquor;
drink brewed. \'bdSome well-spiced brewage.\'b8
Milton.
A rich brewage, made of the best Spanish wine.
Macaulay.
Brew"er (?), n. One who brews;
one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.
Brew"er*y (?), n. A brewhouse;
the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on.
Brew"house` (?), n. A house or
building appropriated to brewing; a brewery.
Brew"ing (?), n. 1.
The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as
beer and ale.
2. The quantity brewed at once.
A brewing of new beer, set by old beer.
Bacon.
3. A mixing together.
I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a
brewing and sophistication of them they make.
Holland.
4. (Naut.) A gathering or forming of a
storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds.
Brew"is (?), n. [OE.
brewis, brouwys, browesse,
brewet, OF. brouet, -s being the
OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG.
brod. Broth, and cf.
Brose.] 1. Broth or pottage.
[Obs.]
Let them of their Bonner's \'bdbeef\'b8 and \'bdbroth\'b8 make
what brewis they please for their credulous
guests.
Bp. Hall.
2. Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat,
milk, or water and butter.
Brews"ter*ite (?), n. [Named
after Sir David Brewster.] A rare zeolitic
mineral occurring in white monoclinic crystals with pearly
luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and
strontia.
Brez"i*lin (?), n. See
Brazilin.
Bri"ar (?), n. Same as
Brier.
Bri*a"re*an (?), a. [L.
Briareius, fr. Briareus a mythological
hundred-handed giant, Gr. /, fr. / strong.]
Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to
have a hundred hands; hence, hundred-handed or many-handed.
Brib"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being bribed.
A more bribable class of electors.
S. Edwards.
Bribe (?), n. [F.
bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that
are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of
bread; cf. OF. briber, brifer, to eat
gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. bilibi food.]
1. A gift begged; a present.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or
promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the
conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position
of trust.
Undue reward for anything against justice is a
bribe.
Hobart.
3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement.
Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave
these ever/blooming sweets.
Akenside.
Bribe, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bribed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bribing.] 1. To rob or
steal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to
(a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position
of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the
conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe
to.
Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote
against his conscience.
F. W. Robertson.
3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a
bribe.
Bribe, v. i. 1. To commit
robbery or theft. [Obs.]
2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the
judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of
trust, by some gift or promise.
An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been
holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted.
Bouvier.
The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe.
Goldsmith.
Bribe"less, a. Incapable of being
bribed; free from bribes.
From thence to heaven's bribeless hall.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Bribe"er (?), n. 1. A
thief. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt
practices.
3. That which bribes; a bribe.
His service . . . were a sufficient briber for his
life.
Shak.
Bribe"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Briberies (#). [OE.
brybery rascality, OF. briberie. See
Bribe, n.] 1. Robbery;
extortion. [Obs.]
2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes;
the act of influencing the official or political action of
another by corrupt inducements.
Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that
he has not been bribed as to voting.
[Eng.]
Bric"-a brac` (?), n.
[F.] Miscellaneous curiosities and works of
decorative art, considered collectively.
A piece of bric-a-brac, any curious or antique
article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal
work, or an odd knickknack.
Brick (?), n. [OE.
brik, F. brique; of Ger. origin; cf. AS.
brice a breaking, fragment, Prov. E. brique
piece, brique de pain, equiv. to AS. hl\'befes
brice, fr. the root of E. break. See
Break.] 1. A block or clay tempered
with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually
rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or
stack called a clamp.
The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of
bricks baked in the furnace than the Babylonians.
Layard.
2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind
of material; as, a load of brick; a thousand of
brick.
Some of Palladio's finest examples are of
brick.
Weale.
3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a
brick of maple sugar; a penny brick (of
bread).
4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a
brick. [Slang] \'bdHe 's a dear
little brick.\'b8
Thackeray.
To have a brick in one's hat, to be drunk.
[Slang]
Brick is used adjectively or in
combination; as, brick wall; brick clay;
brick color; brick red.
Brick clay, clay suitable for, or used in
making, bricks. -- Brick dust, dust of
pounded or broken bricks. -- Brick earth,
clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks.
-- Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling
a brick in shape. -- Brick nogging
(Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill
in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick
filling. -- Brick tea, tea leaves and young
shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and
pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and
Central Asia. S. W. Williams. -- Brick
trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a
hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard
against accidents by fire. -- Brick trowel.
See Trowel. -- Brick works, a
place where bricks are made. -- Bath brick.
See under Bath, a city. -- Pressed
brick, bricks which, before burning, have been
subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of
shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.
Brick, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bricked (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bricking.] 1. To lay
or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with
bricks.
2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by
smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge
tool, and pointing them.
To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line,
with brick.
Brick"bat` (?), n. A piece or
fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4.
Bacon.
Brick"kiln` (?), n. A kiln, or
furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green
bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or
fuel for burning them.
Brick"lay`er (?), n.
[Brick + lay.] One whose
pccupation is to build with bricks.
Bricklayer's itch. See under
Itch.
Brick"lay`ing, n. The art of building
with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various
forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks.
Bric"kle (?), a. [OE.
brekil, brokel, bruchel, fr. AS.
brecan, E. break. Cf.
Brittle.] Brittle; easily broken.
[Obs. or Prov.]
Spenser.
As stubborn steel excels the brickle glass.
Turbervile.
Bric"kle*ness, n. Brittleness.
[Obs.]
Brick"mak`er (?), n. One whose
occupation is to make bricks. --
Brick"mak*ing, n.
Brick"work` (?), n. 1.
Anything made of bricks.
Niches in brickwork form the most difficult part of
the bricklayer's art.
Tomlinson.
2. The act of building with or laying bricks.
Brick"y (?), a. Full of bricks;
formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust.
[R.]
Spenser.
Brick"yard` (?), n. A place
where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.
\'d8Bri*cole" (?), n.
[F.] (Mil.) A kind of traces with
hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where
horses can not be used.
Brid (?), n. A bird.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Brid"al (?), a. [From
Bride. Cf. Bridal, n.] Of
or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as,
bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a
bridal chamber.
Brid"al, n. [OE. bridale,
brudale, AS. br/dealo brideale, bridal
feast. See Bride, and Ale, 2.] A
nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage.
Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,
The bridal of the earth and sky.
Herbert.
Brid"al*ty (?), n. Celebration
of the nuptial feast. [Obs.] \'bdIn honor of
this bridalty.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Bride (?), n. [OE.
bride, brid, brude,
brud, burd, AS. br/d; akin to
OFries. breid, OSax. br/d, D.
bruid, OHG. pr/t, br/t, G.
braut, Icel. br//r, Sw. & Dan.
brud, Goth. br33s; cf. Armor.
pried spouse, W. priawd a married
person.] 1. A woman newly married, or about
to be married.
Has by his own experience tried
How much the wife is dearer than the bride.
Lyttleton.
I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife.
Rev. xxi. 9.
2. Fig.: An object ardently loved.
Bride of the sea, the city of
Venice.
Bride, v. t. To make a bride of.
[Obs.]
Bride"-ale` (?), n. [See
Bridal.] A rustic wedding feast; a bridal.
See Ale.
The man that 's bid to bride-ale, if he ha' cake,
And drink enough, he need not fear his stake.
B. Jonson.
Bride"bed` (?), n. The marriage
bed. [Poetic]
Bride"cake` (?), n. Rich or
highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a
wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding.
Bride"cham`ber (?), n. The
nuptial appartment.
Matt. ix. 15.
Bride"groom` (?), n. [OE.
bridegome, brudgume, AS.
br/dguma (akin to OS. br/digumo, D.
bruidegom, bruigom, OHG.
pr/tigomo, MHG. briutegome, G.
br\'84utigam); AS. br/d bride +
guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Icel.
gumi, OHG. gomo, L. homo; the
insertion of r being caused by confusion with
groom. See Bride, and cf. Groom,
Homage.] A man newly married, or just about
to be married.
Bride"knot` (?), n. A knot of
ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor.
[Obs.]
Bride"maid` (?), n.,
Bride"man (/), n. See
Bridesmaid, Bridesman.
Brides"maid` (?), n. A female
friend who attends on a bride at her wedding.
Brides"man (?), n.; pl.
Bridesmen (/). A male friend who
attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the
\'bdbest man.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Bride"stake` (?), n. A stake or
post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to dance
round.
Divide the broad bridecake
Round about the bridestake.
B. Jonson.
Bride"well (?), n. A house of
correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; -- so
called from a hospital built in 1553 near St.
Bride's (or Bridget's) well, in
London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse.
Bridge (?), n. [OE.
brig, brigge, brug,
brugge, AS. brycg, bricg; akin
to Fries. bregge, D. brug, OHG.
bruccu, G. br\'81cke, Icel.
bryggja pier, bridge, Sw. brygga, Dan.
brygge, and prob. Icel. br/ bridge, Sw. &
Dan. bro bridge, pavement, and possibly to E.
brow.] 1. A structure, usually of
wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water
course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway
from one bank to the other.
2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to
keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in
engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or
staging over which something passes or is conveyed.
3. (Mus.) The small arch or bar at right
angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise
them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the
instrument.
4. (Elec.) A device to measure the
resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an
electric circuit.
5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire
chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; -- usually
called a bridge wall.
Aqueduct bridge. See Aqueduct.
-- Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge,
Bateau bridge. See under Ass,
Bascule, Bateau. -- Bridge of a
steamer (Naut.), a narrow platform across
the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in
charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle
boxes. -- Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony
part of the nose. -- Cantalever bridge. See
under Cantalever. -- Draw bridge.
See Drawbridge. -- Flying bridge,
a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage
of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with
an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank
by the action of the current or other means. --
Girder bridge Truss
bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by
trusses resting upon abutments or piers. -- Lattice
bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders. --
Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge.
See under Pontoon. -- Skew bridge,
a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes
required in railway engineering. -- Suspension
bridge. See under Suspension. --
Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of
short, simple girders resting on trestles. -- Tubular
bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or
rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted
together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the
Victoria bridge at Montreal. -- Wheatstone's
bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement
of resistances, so called because the balance between the
resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a
current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between
two points of the apparatus; -- invented by Sir Charles
Wheatstone.
<-- p. 181 -->
Bridge (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bridged
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bridging.] 1. To build a
bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a
river.
Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees
the streams which could not be forded.
Palfrey.
2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge.
Xerxes . . . over Hellespont
Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined.
Milton.
3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty;
-- generally with over.
Bridge"board` (?), n. 1.
(Arch.) A notched board to which the treads and
risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened.
2. A board or plank used as a bridge.
Bridge"head` (?), n. A
fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the
enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge,
and prevent the enemy from crossing; a t\'88te-de-pont.
Bridge"less, a. Having no bridge; not
bridged.
Bridge"pot` (?), n.
(Mining) The adjustable socket, or step, of a
millstone spindle.
Knight.
Bridge"tree` (?), n.
[Bridge + tree a beam.]
(Mining) The beam which supports the spindle
socket of the runner in a grinding mill.
Knight.
Bridge"-ward` (?), n. 1.
A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Scott.
2. The principal ward of a key.
Knight.
Bridge"ing (?), n.
(Arch.) The system of bracing used between floor
or other timbers to distribute the weight.
Bridging joist. Same as Binding
joist.
Bridge"y (?), a. Full of
bridges. [R.]
Sherwood.
Bri"dle (?), n. [OE.
bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG.
britil, brittil, D. breidel, and
possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.]
1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and
restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with
other appendages.
2. A restraint; a curb; a check.
I. Watts.
3. (Gun.) The piece in the interior of a
gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc.
4. (Naut.) (a) A span of rope,
line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that another rope,
line, or chain may be attached to its middle. (b)
A mooring hawser.
Bowline bridle. See under
Bowline. -- Branches of a bridle.
See under Branch. -- Bridle cable
(Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4,
above. -- Bridle hand, the hand which holds
the bridle in riding; the left hand. -- Bridle
path, Bridle way, a path or way for
saddle horses and pack horses, as distinguished from a road for
vehicles. -- Bridle port (Naut.),
a porthole or opening in the bow through which hawsers,
mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed. -- Bridle
rein, a rein attached to the bit. -- Bridle
road. (a) Same as Bridle path.
Lowell. (b) A road in a pleasure park reserved
for horseback exercise. -- Bridle track, a
bridle path. -- Scolding bridle. See
Branks, 2.
Syn. -- A check; restrain.
Bri"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bridled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bridling (#).] 1.
To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to
bridle a horse.
He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist.
Drake.
2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with,
a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle
the passions; to bridle a muse.
Addison.
Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her
hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that
consolidation.
Burke.
Syn. -- To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress;
master; subdue.
Bri"dle, v. i. To hold up the head, and
draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or
resentment; to assume a lofty manner; -- usually with
up. \'bdHis bridling neck.\'b8
Wordsworth.
By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be
treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus.
Tatler.
Bri"dle i`ron (?). (Arch.) A
strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup,
one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can
be had; -- called also stirrup and
hanger.
Bri"dler (?), n. One who
bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle.
Milton.
Bri*doon" (?), n. [F.
bridon, from bride; of German origin. See
Bridle, n.] (Mil.) The
snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently
of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in
connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein.
Campbell.
Brief (?), a. [OE.
bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L.
brevis; akin to Gr. / short, and perh. to Skr.
barh to tear. Cf. Breve.] 1.
Short in duration.
How brief the life of man.
Shak.
2. Concise; terse; succinct.
The brief style is that which expresseth much in
little.
B. Jonson.
3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov.
Eng.]
In brief. See under Brief,
n.
Syn. -- Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious;
condensed; terse; curt; transistory; short-lived.
Brief, adv. 1. Briefly.
[Obs. or Poetic]
Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief.
Milton.
2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.]
Shak.
Brief (?), n. [See
Brief, a., and cf. Breve.]
1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement
in few words.
Bear this sealed brief,
With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.
Shak.
And she told me
In a sweet, verbal brief.
Shak.
2. An epitome.
Each woman is a brief of womankind.
Overbury.
3. (Law) An abridgment or concise
statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of
counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a
statement of the heads or points of a law argument.
It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a
brief.
Sir J. Stephen.
brief is prepared by the
attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their
own briefs.
4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See
Breve, n., 2.
5. (Scots Law) A writ issuing from the
chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and
authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case,
and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.
6. A letter patent, from proper authority,
authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in
churches, for any public or private purpose.
[Eng.]
Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope
written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the
secretary of briefs, dated \'bda die Nativitatis,\'b8 i.
e., \'bdfrom the day of the Nativity,\'b8 and sealed with
the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in
its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See
Bull. -- Brief of title, an abstract
or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the
chain of title to any real estate. -- In brief,
in a few words; in short; briefly. \'bdOpen the matter
in brief.\'b8 Shak.
Brief, v. t. To make an abstract or
abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief
pleadings.
Brief"less (?), a. Having no
brief; without clients; as, a briefless
barrister.
Brief"ly (?), adv. Concisely;
in few words.
Brief"man (?), n. 1.
One who makes a brief.
2. A copier of a manuscript.
Brief"ness (?), n. The quality
of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or
writing.
{ Bri"er, Bri"ar } (?),
n. [OE. brere, brer, AS.
br\'c7r, br\'91r; cf. Ir. briar
prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier,
W. prys, prysg.] 1. A
plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles;
especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and
Smilax.
2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the
feelings.
The thorns and briers of reproof.
Cowper.
Brier root, the root of the southern
Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; -- used
for tobacco pipes. -- Cat brier, Green
brier, several species of Smilax (S.
rotundifolia, etc.) -- Sweet brier
(Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier.
-- Yellow brier, the Rosa
Eglantina.
Bri"ered (?), a. Set with
briers.
Chatterton.
Bri"er*y (?), a. Full of
briers; thorny.
Bri"er*y, n. A place where briers
grow.
Huloet.
Brig (?), n. A bridge.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Brig, n. [Shortened from
Brigantine.] (Naut.) A two-masted,
square-rigged vessel.
Hermaphrodite brig, a two-masted vessel
square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Bri*gade" (?), n. [F.
brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew,
brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga
trouble, quarrel. See Brigand.] 1.
(Mil.) A body of troops, whether cavalry,
artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more
regiments, under the command of a brigadier general.
corps d'arm\'82e.
[U.S.]
2. Any body of persons organized for acting or
marching together under authority; as, a fire
brigade.
Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to
inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into
service. -- Brigade major, an officer who may
be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his
duties.
Bri*gade", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Brigaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brigading.] (Mil.) To form
into a brigade, or into brigades.
Brig`a*dier" gen"er*al (?). [F.
brigadier, fr. brigade.]
(Mil.) An officer in rank next above a colonel,
and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is
sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a
brigadier.
Brig"and (?), n. [F.
brigand, OF. brigant light-armed soldier,
fr. LL. brigans light-armed soldier (cf. It.
brigante.) fr. brigare to strive, contend,
fr. briga quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to
E. break; cf. Goth. brikan to break,
brakja strife. Cf. Brigue.] 1.
A light-armed, irregular foot soldier.
[Obs.]
2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a
band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain
retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter.
Giving them not a little the air of brigands or
banditti.
Jeffery.
Brig"and*age (?), n. [F.
brigandage.] Life and practice of brigands;
highway robbery; plunder.
Brig"an*dine (?), n. [F.
brigandine (cf. It. brigantina), fr. OF.
brigant. See Brigand.] A coast of
armor for the body, consisting of scales or plates, sometimes
overlapping each other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or
other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages.
[Written also brigantine.]
Jer. xlvi. 4.
Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet,
And brigandine of brass.
Milton.
Brig"and*ish (?), a. Like a
brigand or freebooter; robberlike.
Brig"and*ism (?), n.
Brigandage.
Brig"an*tine (?), n. [F.
brigantin, fr. It. brigantino, originally,
a practical vessel. See Brigand, and cf.
Brig] 1. A practical vessel.
[Obs.]
2. A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing
from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail.
3. See Brigandine.
Brig"ge (?), n. A bridge.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Bright (?), v. i. See
Brite, v. i.
Bright (?), a. [OE.
briht, AS. beorht, briht; akin
to OS. berht, OHG. beraht, Icel.
bjartr, Goth. ba\'a1rhts.
1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or
having much light; shining; luminous; not dark.
The sun was bright o'erhead.
Longfellow.
The earth was dark, but the heavens were
bright.
Drake.
The public places were as bright as at noonday.
Macaulay.
2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent.
From the brightest wines
He 'd turn abhorrent.
Thomson.
3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or
attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye;
resplendent with charms; as, bright
beauty.
Bright as an angel new-dropped from the sky.
Parnell.
4. Having a clear, quick intellect;
intelligent.
5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding
cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery.
Be bright and jovial among your guests.
Shak.
6. Illustrious; glorious.
In the brightest annals of a female reign.
Cotton.
7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes;
clear; evident; plain.
That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence,
and with surer success, draw the bearner on.
I. Watts.
8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or
appearance.
Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew.
Pope.
Bright is used in composition in the
sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as,
bright-eyed, bright-haired,
bright-hued.
Syn. -- Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant;
resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling;
glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty;
clear; vivacious; sunny.
Bright, n. Splendor; brightness.
[Poetic]
Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear.
Milton.
Bright, adv. Brightly.
Chaucer.
I say it is the moon that shines so bright.
Shak.
Bright"en, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Brightened (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brightening.] [From
Bright, a.] 1. To make
bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of;
to give a brighter hue to.
2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to
add luster or splendor to.
The present queen would brighten her character, if
she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her
people.
Swift.
3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or
removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to
make cheerful; as, to brighten one's
prospects.
An ecstasy, which mothers only feel,
Plays round my heart and brightens all my sorrow.
Philips.
4. To make acute or witty; to enliven.
Johnson.
Bright"en, v. i. [AS.
beorhtan.] To grow bright, or more bright;
to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or
cheerful.
And night shall brighten into day.
N. Cotton.
And, all his prospects brightening to the last,
His heaven commences ere world be past.
Goldsmith.
Bright"-har`nessed (?), a.
Having glittering armor. [Poetic]
Milton.
Bright"ly, adv. 1. Brilliantly;
splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining
armor.
2. With lively intelligence; intelligently.
Looking brightly into the mother's face.
Hawthorne.
Bright"ness, n. [AS.
beorhines. See Bright.] 1.
The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster;
brilliancy; clearness.
A sudden brightness in his face appear.
Crabbe.
2. Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness
9wit.
The brightness of his parts . . . distinguished
him.
Prior.
Syn. -- Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence;
brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness.
Bright's" dis*ease" (?). [From Dr.
Bright of London, who first described it.]
(Med.) An affection of the kidneys, usually
inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of
albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of
Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the
kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid
process.
Bright"some (?), a. Bright;
clear; luminous; brilliant. [R.]
Marlowe.
Bri*gose" (?), a. [LL.
brigosus, It. brigoso. See Brigue,
n.] Contentious; quarrelsome.
[Obs.]
Puller.
Brigue (?), n. [F.
brigue, fr. LL. briga quarrel. See
Brigand.] A cabal, intrigue, faction,
contention, strife, or quarrel. [Obs.]
Chesterfield.
Brigue, v. i. [F. briguer.
See Brigue, n.] To contend for; to
canvass; to solicit. [Obs.]
Bp. Hurd.
Brike (?), n. [AS.
brice.] A breach; ruin; downfall;
peril. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Brill (?), n. [Cf. Corn.
brilli mackerel, fr. brith streaked,
speckled.] (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the
turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in England for
food; -- called also bret,
pearl, prill. See
Bret.
\'d8Bril*lan"te (?), adv. [It.
See Brilliant, a.] (Mus.)
In a gay, showy, and sparkling style.
Bril"lance (?), n.
Brilliancy.
Tennyson.
Bril"lan*cy (?), n. [See
Brilliant.] The quality of being brilliant;
splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or
figurative sense.
With many readers brilliancy of style passes for
affluence of thought.
Longfellow.
<-- p. 182 -->
Bril"liant (?), a. [F.
brillant, p. pr. of briller to
shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. brillar, It.
brillare), fr. L. beryllus a precious stone
of sea-green color, Prov. It. brill. See
Beryl.] 1. Sparkling with luster;
glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant
star.
2. Distinguished by qualities which excite
admiration; splended; shining; as, brilliant
talents.
Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to
perform brilliant exploits.
Fisher Ames.
Syn. -- See Shining.
Bril"liant, n. [F. brillant.
See Brilliant, a.] 1. A
diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and
facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is
rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a
principal face, called the table, which is surrounded
by a number of sloping facets forming a bizet; below,
it has a small face or collet, parallel to the table,
connected with the gridle by a pavilion of
elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the
rose diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on
the surface, and is flat below.
This snuffbox -- on the hinge see brilliants
shine.
Pope.
2. (Print.) The small size of type used
in England printing.
3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the
weaving.
Bril"liant*ly, adv. In a brilliant
manner.
Bril"liant*ness, n. Brilliancy;
splendor; glitter.
Brills (?), n. pl. [CF. G.
brille spectacles, D. bril, fr. L.
berillus. See Brilliant.] The hair
on the eyelids of a horse.
Bailey.
Brim (?), n. [OE.
brim, brimme, AS. brymme edge,
border; akin to Icel. barmr, Sw. br\'84m,
Dan. br\'91mme, G. brame,
br\'84me. Possibly the same word as AS.
brim surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of
surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. fremere
to roar, murmur. Cf. Breeze a fly.] 1.
The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow
vessel used for holding anything.
Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim
I would remove it with an anxious pity.
Coleridge.
2. The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the
water contained in it; the brink; border.
The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the
brim of the water.
Josh. iii. 15.
3. The rim of a hat.
Wordsworth.
Brim, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Brimmed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brimming.] To be full to the
brim. \'bdThe brimming stream.\'b8
Milton.
To brim over (literally or
figuratively), to be so full that some of the contents
flows over the brim; as, cup brimming over with wine; a
man brimming over with fun.
Brim, v. t. To fill to the brim, upper
edge, or top.
Arrange the board and brim the glass.
Tennyson.
Brim, a. Fierce; sharp; cold. See
Breme. [Obs.]
Brim"ful (?), a. Full to the
brim; completely full; ready to overflow. \'bdHer
brimful eyes.\'b8
Dryden.
Brim"less, a. Having no brim; as,
brimless caps.
Brimmed (?), a. 1.
Having a brim; -- usually in composition.
\'bdBroad-brimmed hat.\'b8
Spectator.
2. Full to, or level with, the brim.
Milton.
Brim"mer (?), n. A brimful
bowl; a bumper.
Brim"ming, a. Full to the brim;
overflowing.
Brim"stone (?), n. [OE.
brimston, bremston, bernston,
brenston; cf. Icel. brennistein. See
Burn, v. t., and Stone.]
Sulphur; See Sulphur.
Brim"stone, a. Made of, or pertaining
to, brimstone; as, brimstone matches.
From his brimstone bed at break of day
A-walking the devil has gone.
Coleridge.
Brim"sto`ny (?), a. Containing
or resembling brimstone; sulphurous.
B. Jonson.
Brin (?), n. [F.]
One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are
larger and longer, and are called panaches.
Knight.
Brin"ded (?), a. [Cf. Icel.
br\'94nd\'d3ttr brindled, fr. brandr brand;
and OE. bernen, brinnen, to burn. See
Brand, Burn.] Of a gray or tawny
color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled.
\'bdThree brinded cows,\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThe
brinded cat.\'b8 Shak.
Brin"dle (?), n. [See
Brindled.] 1. The state of being
brindled.
2. A brindled color; also, that which is
brindled.
Brin"dle, a. Brindled.
Brin"dled (?), a. [A dim. form
of brinded.] Having dark streaks or spots
on a gray or tawny ground; brinded. \'bdWith a
brindled lion played.\'b8
Churchill.
Brine (?), n. [AS.
bryne a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr.
brinnan, brynnan, to burn. See
Burn.] 1. Water saturated or
strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline
solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor
resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial
waters.
2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt
lake.
Not long beneath the whelming brine . . . he
lay.
Cowper.
3. Tears; -- so called from their saltness.
What a deal of brine
Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for
Rosaline!
Shak.
Brine fly (Zo\'94l.), a fly of the
genus Ephydra, the larv\'91 of which live in
artificial brines and in salt lakes. -- Brine
gauge, an instrument for measuring the saltness of a
liquid. -- Brine pan, a pit or pan of salt
water, where salt is formed by cristallization. --
Brine pit, a salt spring or well, from which water
is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt. --
Brine pump (Marine Engin.), a pump for
changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the
brine which collects at the bottom. -- Brine
shrimp, Brine worm (Zo\'94l.),
a phyllopod crustacean of the genus Artemia,
inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt
lakes. See Artemia. -- Brine spring,
a spring of salt water. -- Leach brine
(Saltmaking), brine which drops from granulated
salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again.
Brine (?), v. t. 1. To
steep or saturate in brine.
2. To sprinkle with salt or brine; as, to
brine hay.
Bring (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brought
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bringing.] [OE. bringen, AS.
bringan; akin to OS. brengian, D.
brengen, Fries. brenga, OHG.
bringan, G. bringen, Goth.
briggan.] 1. To convey to the
place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more
distant to a nearer place; to fetch.
And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said,
Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread.
1 Kings xvii. 11.
To France shall we convey you safe,
And bring you back.
Shak.
2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to
procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to.
There is nothing will bring you more honor . . .
than to do what right in justice you may.
Bacon.
3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct.
In distillation, the water . . . brings over with
it some part of the oil of vitriol.
Sir I. Newton.
4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to
guide.
It seems so preposterous a thing . . . that they do not easily
bring themselves to it.
Locke.
The nature of the things . . . would not suffer him to think
otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to
reflect on them.
Locke.
5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch;
as, what does coal bring per ton?
To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect;
to accomplish. -- To bring back. (a)
To recall. (b) To restore, as something
borrowed, to its owner. -- To bring by the lee
(Naut.), to incline so rapidly to leeward of the
course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side
suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose
her to danger of upsetting. -- To bring down.
(a) To cause to come down. (b) To
humble or abase; as, to bring down high
looks. -- To bring down the house, to
cause tremendous applause. [Colloq.] -- To
bring forth. (a) To produce, as young
fruit. (b) To bring to light; to make
manifest. -- To bring forward (a) To
exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view. (b)
To hasten; to promote; to forward. (c) To
propose; to adduce; as, to bring forward
arguments. -- To bring home. (a)
To bring to one's house. (b) To prove
conclusively; as, to bring home a charge of
treason. (c) To cause one to feel or
appreciate by personal experience. (d)
(Naut.) To lift of its place, as an anchor.
-- To bring in. (a) To fetch from
without; to import. (b) To introduce, as a bill
in a deliberative assembly. (c) To return or
repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render;
as, to bring in a verdict or a report.
(d) To take to an appointed place of deposit or
collection; as, to bring in provisions or money for a
specified object. (e) To produce, as
income. (f) To induce to join. -- To
bring off, to bear or convey away; to clear from
condemnation; to cause to escape. -- To bring on.
(a) To cause to begin. (b) To
originate or cause to exist; as, to bring on a
disease. -- To bring one on one's way,
to accompany, guide, or attend one. -- To bring
out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from
concealment. -- To bring over. (a)
To fetch or bear across. (b) To convert by
persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an
opinion. -- To bring to. (a) To
resuscitate; to bring back to consciousness or life, as a
fainting person. (b) (Naut.) To
check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by
counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she
is then said to lie to). (c) To cause
(a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course.
(d) To apply a rope to the capstan. -- To
bring to light, to disclose; to discover; to make
clear; to reveal. -- To bring a sail to
(Naut.), to bend it to the yard. -- To
bring to pass, to accomplish to effect. \'bdTrust
also in Him; and He shall bring it to pass.\'b8 Ps.
xxxvii. 5. -- To bring under, to subdue; to
restrain; to reduce to obedience. -- To bring up.
(a) To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to
educate. (b) To cause to stop suddenly.
(c) [v. i. by dropping the reflexive
pronoun] To stop suddenly; to come to a
standstill. [Colloq.] -- To bring up (any
one) with a round turn, to cause (any one) to stop
abruptly. [Colloq.] -- To be brought to
bed. See under Bed.
Syn. -- To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import;
procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce.
Bring"er (?), n. One who
brings.
Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news
Hath but a losing office.
Shak.
Bringer in, one who, or that which,
introduces.
Brin"i*ness (?), n. The state
or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.
Brin"ish (?), a. Like brine;
somewhat salt; saltish. \'bdBrinish tears.\'b8
Shak.
Brin"ish*ness, n. State or quality of
being brinish.
\'d8Brin"ja*ree` (?), n.
[Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A
rough-haired East Indian variety of the greyhound.
Brink (?), n. [Dan.
brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink
declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG.
brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill,
bryncyn hillock.] The edge, margin, or
border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of
a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of
a chasm. Also Fig. \'bdThe brink of
vice.\'b8 Bp. Porteus. \'bdThe brink of
ruin.\'b8 Burke.
The plashy brink of weedy lake.
Bryant.
Brin"y (?), a. [From
Brine.] Of or pertaining to brine, or to the
sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a
briny taste; the briny flood.
Bri"o*ny (?), n. See
Bryony.
Tennyson.
Brisk (?), a. [Cf. W.
brysg, fr. brys haste, Gael.
briosg quick, lively, Ir. broisg a start,
leap, jerk.] 1. Full of liveliness and
activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively;
spirited; quick.
Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile.
Shak.
Brick toil alternating with ready ease.
Wordworth.
2. Full of spirit of life; effervesc/ng, as
liquors; sparkling; as, brick cider.
Syn. -- Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick;
sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.
Brisk (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Bricked
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bricking.] To make or become lively; to
enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold
attitude; -- usually with up.
Bris"ket (?), n. [OE.
bruskette, OF. bruschet, F.
br\'82chet, brichet; prob. of Celtic
origin; cf. W. brysced the breast of a slain animal,
brisket, Corn. vrys breast, Armor. brusk,
bruched, the front of the chest, Gael.
brisgein the cartilaginous part of a bone.]
That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the
fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of
a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest.
[See Illust. of Beef.]
Brisk"ly (?), adv. In a brisk
manner; nimbly.
Brisk"ness, n. Liveliness; vigor in
action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence.
Bris"tle (?), n. [OE.
bristel, brustel, AS. bristl,
byrst; akin to D. borstel, OHG.
burst, G. borste, Icel. burst,
Sw. borst, and to Skr. bh/shti edge,
point, and prob, L. fastigium extremity, Gr. / stern
of a ship, and E. brush, burr, perh. to
brad. 1. A short,
stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine.
2. (Bot.) A stiff, sharp, roundish
hair.
Gray.
Bris"tle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bristled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bristling (#).]
1. To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up,
as the bristles of an angry hog; -- sometimes with
up.
Now for the bare-picked bone of majesty
Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest.
Shak.
Boy, bristle thy courage up.
Shak.
2. To fix a bristle to; as, to bristle
a thread.
Bris"tle, v. i. 1. To rise or
stand erect, like bristles.
His hair did bristle upon his head.
Sir W. Scott.
2. To appear as if covered with bristles; to have
standing, thick and erect, like bristles.
The hill of La Haye Sainte bristling with ten
thousand bayonets.
Thackeray.
Ports bristling with thousands of masts.
Macaulay.
3. To show deflance or indignation.
To bristle up, to show anger or
deflance.
Bris"tle-point`ed (?), a.
(Bot.) Terminating in a very fine, sharp point,
as some leaves.
Bris"tle-shaped` (?), a.
Resembling a bristle in form; as, a
bristle-shaped leaf.
Bris"tle*tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An insect of the genera
Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the
Thysanura.
Bris"tli*ness (?), n. The
quality or state of having bristles.
Bris"tly (?), a. THick set with
bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles; rough.
The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat
bristly.
Bacon.
Bris"tol (?), n. A seaport city
in the west of England.
Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made
with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. -- Bristol
brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing
cultery; -- originally manufactured at Bristol. --
Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals
of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near
Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When
polished, it is called Bristol diamond.
Bri*sure" (?), n. [F.]
1. (Fort.) Any part of a rampart or
parapet which deviates from the general direction.
2. (Her.) A mark of cadency or
difference.
{ Brit, Britt } (?),
n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The young
of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the
sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly
Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.
Bri*tan"ni*a (?), n. [From L.
Britannia Great Britain.] A white-metal
alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat
resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also
Britannia metal.
Bri*tan"nic (?), a. [L.
Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great
Britain.] Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British;
as, her Britannic Majesty.
{ Brite, Bright } (?),
v. t. To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley,
or hops. [Prov. Eng.]
Brit"i*cism (?), n. A word,
phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a
word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.
Brit"ish (?), a. [AS.
Brittisc, Bryttisc.] Of or
pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; -- sometimes
restrict to the original inhabitants.
British gum, a brownish substance, very
soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a
temperature of about 600\'f8 Fahr. It corresponds, in its
properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute
for gum in stiffering goods. -- British lion,
the national emblem of Great Britain. -- British
seas, the four seas which surround Great
Britain.
Brit"ish, n. pl. People of Great
Britain.
Brit"ish*er, n. An Englishman; a subject
or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military
or naval service. [Now used jocosely]
Brit"on (?), a. [AS.
bryten Britain.] British.
[Obs.] Spenser. -- n.
A native of Great Britain.
Brit"tle (?), a. [OE.
britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to
dispense, fr. bre\'a2tan to break; akin to Icel.
brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde.
Cf. Brickle.] Easily broken; apt to break;
fragile; not tough or tenacious<-- contrast to flexible; usually
hard -->.
Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece
Of fine-cut crystal.
Cotton.
Brittle silver ore, the mineral
stephanite.
Brit"tle*ly, adv. In a brittle
manner.
Sherwood.
Brit"tle*ness, n. Aptness to break;
fragility.
<-- p. 183 -->
Brit"tle star` (?). Any species of
ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea.
Britz"ska (?), n. [Russ.
britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of
bryka freight wagon.] A long carriage, with
a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at
night, when used on a journey.
Brize (?), n. The breeze fly.
See Breeze.
Shak.
Broach (?), n. [OE.
broche, F. broche, fr. LL.
brocca; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. proc
thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf.
Brooch.] 1. A spit.
[Obs.]
He turned a broach that had worn a crown.
Bacon.
2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin,
sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov.
Eng.]
Forby.
3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel,
generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to
eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal;
sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot
holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is
commonly square and without taper. (b) A
straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed
through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by
revolving tools; a drift.
4. (Masonry) A broad chisel for
stonecutting.
5. (Arch.) A spire rising from a
tower. [Local, Eng.]
6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See
Brooch.
7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young
stag.
8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended
for dipping.
Knight.
9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the
key.
Broach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Broached (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Broaching.] [F.
brocher, fr. broche. See Broach,
n.] 1. To spit; to pierce as with
a spit.
I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point.
Shak.
2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw
the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood.
Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade,
He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.
Shak.
3. To open for the first time, as stores.
You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open
the old armories, I will broach my store, and will
bring forth my stores.
Knolles.
4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to
put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation.
Those very opinions themselves had broached.
Swift.
5. To cause to begin or break out.
[Obs.]
Shak.
6. (Masonry) To shape roughly, as a
block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool.
[Scot. & North of Eng.]
7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a
broach.
To broach to (Naut.), to incline
suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose
the vessel to the danger of oversetting.
Broach"er (?), n. 1. A
spit; a broach.
On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they
turned.
Dryden.
2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first
publisher or promoter.
Some such broacher of heresy.
Atterbury.
Broad (?), a.
[Compar. Broader (?);
superl. Broadest.] [OE.
brod, brad, AS. br\'bed; akin to
OS. br\'c7d, D. breed, G. breit,
Icel. brei/r, Sw. & Dan. bred, Goth.
braids. Cf. Breadth.] 1.
Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; -- opposed to
narrow; as, a broad street, a
broad table; an inch broad.
2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as,
the broad expanse of ocean.
3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear;
full. \'bdBroad and open day.\'b8
Bp. Porteus.
4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or
quality; not limited; not restrained; -- applied to any subject,
and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise
meaning depending largely on the substantive.
A broad mixture of falsehood.
Locke.
Hence: -
5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.
The words in the Constitution are broad enough to
include the case.
D. Daggett.
In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way.
E. Everett.
6. Plain; evident; as, a broad
hint.
7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined.
As broad and general as the casing air.
Shak.
8. (Fine Arts) Characterized by breadth.
See Breadth.
9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a
broad compliment; a broad joke; broad
humor.
10. Strongly marked; as, a broad
Scotch accent.
Broad is often used in compounds to
signify wide, large, etc.; as,
broad-chested, broad-shouldered,
broad-spreading, broad-winged.
Broad acres. See under Acre. --
Broad arrow, originally a pheon. See
Pheon, and Broad arrow under
Arrow. -- As broad as long, having
the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as
another; coming to the same result by different ways or
processes.
It is as broad as long, whether they rise to
others, or bring others down to them.
L'Estrange.
Broad pennant. See under
Pennant.
Syn. -- Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy;
extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal.
Broad, n. 1. The broad part of
anything; as, the broad of an oar.
2. The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a
flooded fen. [Local, Eng.]
Southey.
3. A lathe tool for turning down the insides and
bottoms of cylinders.
Knight.
{ Broad"ax` Broad"axe` } (?),
n. 1. An ancient military weapon; a
battle-ax.
2. An ax with a broad edge, for hewing
timber.
Broad"bill` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A wild duck (Aythya, , which appears in large numbers on the
eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -- called also
bluebill, blackhead,
raft duck, and scaup duck.
See Scaup duck.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The shoveler. See
Shoveler.
Broad"brim` (?), n. 1.
A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the
society of Friends.
2. A member of the society of Friends; a
Quaker. [Sportive]
Broad"-brimmed` (?), a. Having
a broad brim.
A broad-brimmed flat silver plate.
Tatler.
Broad"cast` (?), n.
(Agric.) A casting or throwing seed in all
directions, as from the hand in sowing.
Broad"cast`, a. 1. Cast or
dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing;
widely diffused.
2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of
sowing); -- opposed to planting in hills, or rows.
Broad"cast`, adv. So as to scatter or be
scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from
the hand in sowing, or news from the press.
Broad" Church` (?). (Eccl.) A
portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim
to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship,
intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or
evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of
men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine
and fellowship.
Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church,
another party of a different character has always existed in the
Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate,
Catholic, or Broad Church, by its friends;
Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive
character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are
charity and toleration.
Conybeare.
Broad"cloth (?), n. A fine
smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double
width (i.e., a yard and a half); -- so called in
distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.
Broad"en (?), v. t.
[p. & p. p. Broadened
(/); p. pr. & vb.n. Broadening
(/).] [From Broad,
a.] To grow broad; to become broader or
wider.
The broadening sun appears.
Wordsworth.
Broad"en, v. t. To make broad or
broader; to render more broad or comprehensive.
Broad" gauge` (?). (Railroad) A
wider distance between the rails than the \'bdstandard\'b8 gauge
of four feet eight inches and a half. See Gauge.
Broad"-horned` (?), a. Having
horns spreading widely.
Broad"ish, a. Rather broad; moderately
broad.
Broad"leaf` (?), n.
(Bot.) A tree (Terminalia latifolia)
of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling,
shingles, etc; -- sometimes called the almond tree,
from the shape of its fruit.
{ Broad"-leaved` (?),
Broad"-leafed` } (?), a.
Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves.
Keats.
Broad"ly, adv. In a broad manner.
Broad"mouth` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Eurylaimid\'91,
a family of East Indian passerine birds.
Broad"ness, n. [AS.
br\'bednes.] The condition or quality of
being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness.
Broad"piece` (?), n. An old
English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or
Jacobus.
Broad" seal` (?). The great seal of
England; the public seal of a country or state.
Broad"seal`, v. t. To stamp with the
broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or warrant.
[Obs.]
Thy presence broadseals our delights for pure.
B. Jonson.
Broad"side` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) The side of a ship above the water line,
from the bow to the quarter.
2. A discharge of or from all the guns on one side
of a ship, at the same time.
3. A volley of abuse or denunciation.
[Colloq.]
4. (Print.) A sheet of paper containing
one large page, or printed on one side only; -- called also
broadsheet.
Broad"spread` (?), a.
Widespread.
Broad"spread`ing, a. Spreading
widely.
Broad"sword` (?), n. A sword
with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore.
I heard the broadsword's deadly clang.
Sir W. Scott.
Broad"wise` (?), adv.
Breadthwise. [Archaic]
Brob (?), n. [Cf. Gael.
brog, E. brog, n.] (Carp.)
A peculiar brad-shaped spike, to be driven alongside the end
of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping.
Brob`ding*nag"i*an (?), a.
[From Brobdingnag, a country of giants in
\'bdGulliver's Travels.\'b8] Colossal' of
extraordinary height; gigantic. -- n.
A giant. [Spelt often
Brobdignagian.]
Bro*cade" (?), n. [Sp.
brocado (cf. It. broccato, F.
brocart), fr. LL. brocare *prick, to figure
(textile fabrics), to emboss (linen), to stitch. See
Broach.] Silk stuff, woven with gold and
silver threads, or ornamented with raised flowers, foliage, etc.;
-- also applied to other stuffs thus wrought and enriched.
A gala suit of faded brocade.
W. Irving.
Bro*cad"ed (?), a. 1.
Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with
raised flowers, etc.
Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine.
Gay.
2. Dressed in brocade.
Bro"cage (?), n. See
Brokkerage.
Broc"ard (?), n. [Perh. fr.
Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a
collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard,
Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French,
Brocard.] An elementary principle or
maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or
metaphysics.
The legal brocard, \'bdFalsus in uno, falsus in
omnibus,\'b8 is a rule not more applicable to other witness than
to consciousness.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Bro"ca*tel (?), n. [F.
brocatelle, fr. It. brocatello: cf. Sp.
brocatel. See Brocade.] 1.
A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly
for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc.
2. A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray,
yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also
called Siena marble, from its locality.
Bro`ca*tel"lo (?), n. Same as
Brocatel.
Broc"co*li (?), n. [It.
broccoli, pl. of broccolo sprout, cabbage
sprout, dim. of brocco splinter. See Broach,
n.] (Bot.) A plant of the
Cabbage species (Brassica oleracea) of many varieties,
resembling the cauliflower. The \'bdcurd,\'b8 or flowering head,
is the part used for food.
Broch"an*tite (?), n. [From
Brochant de Villiers, a French mineralogist.]
(Min.) A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in
emerald-green crystals.
\'d8Bro`ch\'82" (?), a.
[F.] Woven with a figure; as,
broch\'82 goods.
\'d8Broche (?), n. [F.]
See Broach, n.
\'d8Bro*chure" (?), n. [F., fr.
brocher to stitch. See Broach, v.
t.] A printed and stitched book containing only
a few leaves; a pamphlet.
Brock (?), n. [AS.
broc, fr. W. broch; akin to Ir. & Gael.
broc, Corn. & Armor. broch; cf. Ir. & Gael.
breac speckled.] (Zo\'94l.) A
badger.
Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock.
B. Jonson.
Brock, n. [See Brocket.]
(Zo\'94l.) A brocket.
Bailey.
Brock"er (?), n. [OE.
broket, F. broquart fallow deer a year old,
fr. the same root as E. broach, meaning point (hence
tine of a horn).] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
male red deer two years old; -- sometimes called
brock.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American
deer, of several species (Coassus superciliaris,
C. rufus, and C. auritus).
Brock"ish, a. Beastly; brutal.
[Obs.]
Bale.
Brode"kin (?), n. [F.
brodequin, OE. brossequin, fr. OD.
broseken, brosekin, dim. of
broos buskin, prob. fr. LL. byrsa leather,
Gr. / skin, hide. Cf. Buskin.] A buskin or
half-boot. [Written also
brodequin.] [Obs.]
Brog (?), n. [Gael. Cf.
Brob.] A pointed instrument, as a joiner's
awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick.
Brog, v. t. To prod with a pointed
instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle. [Scot. &
Prov.]
Sir W. Scott.
Bro"gan (?), n. A stout, coarse
shoe; a brogue.
Brog"gle (?), v. i. [Dim. of
Prov. E. brog to broggle. Cf. Brog,
n.] To sniggle, or fish with a brog.
[Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Brogue (?), n. [Ir. & Gael.
brog shoe, hoof.] 1. A stout,
coarse shoe; a brogan.
Clouted brogues, patched brogues; also,
brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v.
t.
2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner
of pronouncing English.
Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue.
Lloyd.
Brogues (?), n. pl. [Cf.
Breeches.] Breeches.
[Obs.]
Shenstone.
Broid (?), v. t. To
braid. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Broid"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Broidered
(#).] [OE. broiden,
brouden, F. broder, confused with E.
braid; F. broder is either the same word as
border to border (see Border), or perh. of
Celtic origin; cf. W. brathu to sting, stab, Ir. &
Gael. brod goad, prickle, OE. brod a goad;
and also Icel. broddr a spike, a sting, AS.
brord a point.] To embroider.
[Archaic]
They shall make a broidered coat.
Ex. xxviii. 4.
Broid"er*er (?), n. One who
embroiders. [Archaic]
Broid"er*y (?), n.
Embroidery. [Archaic]
The golden broidery tender Milkah wove.
Tickell.
Broil (?), n. [F.
brouiller to disorder, from LL. brogilus,
broilus, brolium, thicket, wood, park; of
uncertain origin; cf. W. brog a swelling out, OHG.
pr\'d3il marsh, G. br\'81hl, MHG.
brogen to rise. The meaning tumult,
confusion, comes apparently from tangled
undergrowth, thicket, and this possibly from the
meaning to grow, rise,
sprout.] A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a
disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between
individuals or in the state.
I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human
nature which will which will cause innumerable broils,
place men in what situation you please.
Burke.
Syn. -- Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation;
dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.
Broil, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Broiled (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Broiling.] [OE.
broilen, OF. bruillir, fr. bruir
to broil, burn; of Ger. origin; cf. MHG. br\'81ejen,
G. br\'81hen, to scald, akin to E.
brood.] 1. To cook by direct
exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over
coals.
2. To subject to great (commonly direct)
heat.
Broil, v. i. To be subjected to the
action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or
to be made uncomfortable with heat.
The planets and comets had been broiling in the
sun.
Cheyne.
Broil"er (?), n. One who
excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy
quarrels.
What doth he but turn broiler, . . . make new
libels against the church?
Hammond.
Broil"er, n. 1. One who broils,
or cooks by broiling.
2. A gridiron or other utensil used in
broiling.
3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling.
[Colloq.]
Broil"ing, a. Excessively hot; as, a
broiling sun. -- n.
The act of causing anything to broil.
Bro"kage (?), n. See
Brokerage.
Broke (?), v. i. [See
Broker, and cf. Brook.] 1.
To transact business for another. [R.]
Brome.
2. To act as procurer in love matters; to
pimp. [Obs.]
We do want a certain necessary woman to broke
between them, Cupid said.
Fanshawe.
And brokes with all that can in such a suit
Corrupt the tender honor of a maid.
Shak.
<-- p. 184 -->
Broke (br, imp. & p. p.
of Break.
Bro"ken (br, a.
[From Break, v. t.] 1.
Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into
fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a
broken dish.
2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough;
uneven; as, a broken surface.
3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered;
strained; apart; as, a broken reed; broken
friendship.
4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or
hardships.
The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind
was broken.
G. Eliot.
The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay,
Sat by his fire, and talked the night away.
Goldsmith.
5. Subdued; humbled; contrite.
The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit.
Ps. li. 17.
6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse.
7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys
hope; blighted. \'bdHer broken love and
life.\'b8
G. Eliot.
8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to;
violated; as, a broken promise, vow, or contract; a
broken law.
9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming
promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a
broken bank; a broken tradesman.
10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as,
broken English; imperfectly spoken on account of
emotion; as, to say a few broken words at
parting.
Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those
grave senators.
Macaulay.
Broken ground. (a) (Mil.)
Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their
advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently
opened with the plow. -- Broken line
(Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of
given points taken in some specified order. -- Broken
meat, fragments of meat or other food. --
Broken number, a fraction. -- Broken
weather, unsettled weather.
Bro"ken-backed` (?), a. 1.
Having a broken back; as, a broken-backed
chair.
2. (Naut.) Hogged; so weakened in the
frame as to droop at each end; -- said of a ship.
Totten.
Bro"ken-bel`lied (?), a. Having
a ruptured belly. [R.]
Bro"ken-heart`ed (?), a. Having
the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.
She left her husband almost broken-hearted.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Disconsolable; heart-broken; inconsolable;
comfortless; woe-begone; forlorn.
Bro"ken*ly, adv. In a broken,
interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken language.
The pagans worship God . . . as it were brokenly
and by piecemeal.
Cudworth.
Bro"ken*ness, n. 1. The state
or quality of being broken; unevenness.
Macaulay.
2. Contrition; as, brokenness of
heart.
Bro"ken wind` (?). (Far.) The
heaves.
Bro"ken-wind`ed, a. (Far.)
Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a
horse.
Bro"ker (?), n. [OE.
brocour, from a word akin to broken,
bruken, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS.
br/can to use, enjoy; cf. Fries. broker,
F. brocanteur. See Brook, v.
t.] 1. One who transacts business for
another; an agent.
2. (Law) An agent employed to effect
bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between
other persons, for a compensation commonly called
brokerage. He takes no possession, as broker, of the
subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the
names of those who employ him, and not in his own.
Story.
3. A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange,
etc.
4. A dealer in secondhand goods.
[Eng.]
5. A pimp or procurer. [Obs.]
Shak.
Bill broker, one who buys and sells notes and
bills of exchange. -- Curbstone broker or
Street broker, an operator in stocks (not a member
of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office
to office, or by transactions on the street.
[U.S.] -- Exchange broker, one who
buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating
to money. -- Insurance broker, one who is
agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire. --
Pawn broker. See Pawnbroker. --
Real estate broker, one who buys and sells lands,
and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage. -- Ship
broker, one who acts as agent in buying and selling
ships, procuring freight, etc. -- Stock broker.
See Stockbroker.
Bro"ker*age (?), n. 1.
The business or employment of a broker.
Burke.
2. The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed
for transacting business as a broker.
Bro"ker*ly, a. Mean; servile.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Bro"ker*y (?), n. The business
of a broker. [Obs.]
And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting,
And tricks belonging unto brokery.
Marlowe.
Bro"king (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage.
[Obs.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown.
Shak.
Bro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
/ food, / to eat.] 1. (Med.)
Aliment; food.
Dunglison.
2. A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or
the drink made from it.
Bro"mal (?), n.
[Bromine + aldehyde.]
(Chem.) An oily, colorless fluid, CBr/.COH,
related to bromoform, as chloral is to chloroform, and obtained
by the action of bromine on alcohol.
Bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of bromic acid.
Bro"mate (?), v.t. (Med.)
To combine or impregnate with bromine; as,
bromated camphor.
Bro`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in the science of foods.
Bro`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
/, /, food + -logy.] The science of
aliments.
Dunglison.
\'d8Brome (?), n. [F.]
(Chem.) See Bromine.
Brome" grass` (?). [L. bromos a
kind of oats, Gr. /.] (Bot.) A genus
(Bromus) of grasses, one species of which is the chess
or cheat.
Bro*me`li*a"ceous (?), a.
[Named after Olaf Bromel, a Swedish
botanist.] (Bot.) Pertaining to, or
resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or
saxicolous plants of which the genera Tillandsia and
Billbergia are examples. The pineapple, though
terrestrial, is also of this family.
Bro"mic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; -- said of those
compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five,
or the next to its highest; as, bromic
acid.
Bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.)
A compound of bromine with a positive radical.
Bro"mi*nate (?), v. t. See
Bromate, v. t.
Bro"mine (?), n. [Gr. / bad
smell, stink. Cf. Brome.] (Chem.)
One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to
chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a
deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a
brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is
found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline
springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.
Bro"mism (?), n. (Med.)
A diseased condition produced by the excessive use of
bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental
dullness and muscular weakness.
Bro"mize (?), v. t.
(Photog.) To prepare or treat with bromine;
as, to bromize a silvered plate.
Brom"life (?), n. [From
Bromley Hill, near Alston, Cumberland, England.]
(Min.) A carbonate of baryta and lime,
intermediate between witherite and strontianite; -- called also
alstonite.
Bro"mo*form (?), n.
[Bromine + formyl.]
(Chem.) A colorless liquid,
CHBr3, having an agreeable odor and sweetish
taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and
caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by
certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as
chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is
somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects.
Watts.
Brom*pi"crin (?), n. [G.
brompikrin; brom bromine +
pikrins\'84ure picric acid.] (Chem.)
A pungent colorless explosive liquid,
CNO2Br3, analogous to and resembling
chlorpicrin. [Spelt also
brompikrin.]
Brom"u*ret (?), n. See
Bromide. [Obs.]
Brom"y*rite (?), n.
[Bromine + Gr. / silver.]
(Min.) Silver bromide, a rare mineral; -- called
also bromargyrite.
\'d8Bron"chi (?), n. pl.
(Anat.) See Bronchus.
\'d8Bron"chi*a (?), n. pl. [L.
, pl. Cf. Bronchus.] (Anat.)
The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the
trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi.
Dunglison.
Bron"chi*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
bronchial. See Bronchia.]
(Anat.) Belonging to the bronchi and their
ramifications in the lungs.
Bronchial arteries, branches of the descending
aorta, accompanying the bronchia in all their ramifications.
-- Bronchial cells, the air cells terminating the
bronchia. -- Bronchial glands, glands whose
functions are unknown, seated along the bronchia. --
Bronchial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the
bronchia. -- Bronchial tube, the bronchi, or
the bronchia.
Bron"chic (?), a. (Anat.)
Bronchial.
Bron"chi*ole (?), n.
(Anat.) A minute bronchial tube.
Bron*chit"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to bronchitis; as, bronchitic
inflammation.
Bron*chi"tis (?), n.
[Bronchus + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the
bronchial tubes or any part of them.
Bron"cho (?), n. [Sp.
bronco rough, wild.] A native or a Mexican
horse of small size. [Western U.S.]
Bron"cho*cele (?), n. [Gr. /;
/ windpipe + / tumor.] (Med.) See
Goiter.
Bron*choph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr.
/ windpipe + / sound.] A modification of the voice
sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; --
observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of
intro-thoracic disease.
Bron`cho-pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n.
[Bronchus + pneumonia.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs;
catarrhal pneumonia.
Bron"cho*tome (?), n. [Gr. /
windpipe + / to cut.] (Surg.) An
instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes.
Bron*chot"o*my (?), n.
(Surg.) An incision into the windpipe or larynx,
including the operations of tracheotomy and
laryngotomy.
\'d8Bron"chus (?), n.; pl.
Bronchi (/). [NL., fr. Gr. /
windpipe. Cf. Bronchia.] (Anat.)
One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one
of the two primary divisions.
Bron"co (?), n. Same as
Broncho.
Brond (?), n. [See
Brand.] A sword. [Obs.]
{ Bron"to*lite (?), Bron"to*lith
(?), } n. [Gr. / +
-lite, -lith.] An
a\'89rolite. [R.]
Bron*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
thunder + -logy.] A treatise upon
thunder.
\'d8Bron`to*sau"rus (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / thunder + / lizard.]
(Paleon.) A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs.
A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these
reptiles.
\'d8Bron`to*the"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. / thunder + / beast.]
(Paleon.) A genus of large extinct mammals from
the miocene strata of western North America. They were allied to
the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores
in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See
Illustration in Appendix.
\'d8Bron`to*zo"um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. / thunder + / animal.] (Paleon.)
An extinct animal of large size, known from its three-toed
footprints in Mesozoic sandstone.
Bronze (?), n. [F.
bronze, fr. It. bronzo brown, fr. OHG.
br/n, G. braun. See Brown,
a.] 1. An alloy of copper and tin,
to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are
sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for
statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients
being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties
containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell
metal and speculum metal.
2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze.
A print, a bronze, a flower, a root.
Prior.
3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of
bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze.
4. Boldness; impudence; \'bdbrass.\'b8
Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley
stands.
Pope.
Aluminium bronze. See under
Aluminium. -- Bronze age, an age of
the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by
the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. --
Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size
or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of
bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. --
Phosphor bronze Silicious Silicium bronze are made by adding
phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are
characterized by great tenacity.
Bronze, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bronzed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bronzing.] [Cf. F.
bronzer. See Bronze, n.]
1. To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating
of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of
bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to
bronze coins or medals.
The tall bronzed black-eyed stranger.
W. Black.
2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.
The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his
forehead.
Sir W. Scott.
Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See
Addison's disease.
Bronze"wing` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) An Australian pigeon of the genus
Phaps, of several species; -- so called from its
bronze plumage.
Bronz"ine (?), n. A metal so
prepared as to have the appearance of bronze. --
a. Made of bronzine; resembling bronze;
bronzelike.
Bronz"ing, n. 1. The act or art
of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc.,
the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative
painting, or by chemical processes.
Tomlinson.
2. A material for bronzing.
Bronz"ist, n. One who makes, imitates,
collects, or deals in, bronzes.
Bronz"ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
bronzite.] (Min.) A variety of
enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of
magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family.
Bronz"y (?), a. Like
bronze.
Brooch (?), n. [See
Broach, n.] 1. An
ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for
attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a
breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat.
Honor 's a good brooch to wear in a man's hat.
B. Jonson.
2. (Paint.) A painting all of one color,
as a sepia painting, or an India painting.
Brooch, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Brooched (/).] To adorn as with a
brooch. [R.]
Brood (?), n. [OE.
brod, AS. br\'d3d; akin to D.
broed, OHG. bruot, G. brut, and
also to G. br\'81he broth, MHG. br\'81eje,
and perh. to E. brawn, breath. Cf.
Breed, v. t.] 1. The
young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a
brood of chicken.
As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings.
Luke xiii. 34.
A hen followed by a brood of ducks.
Spectator.
2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at
the same time or not; young children of the same mother,
especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; as,
a woman with a brood of children.
The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood.
Wordsworth.
3. That which is bred or produced; breed;
species.
Flocks of the airy brood,
(Cranes, geese or long-necked swans).
Chapman.
4. (Mining) Heavy waste in tin and
copper ores.
To sit on brood, to ponder.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Brood, a. 1. Sitting or
inclined to sit on eggs.
2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood
mare; brood stock; having young; as, a
brood sow.
Brood (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Brooded
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brooding.] 1. To sit on and
cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and
hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her
chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit
quietly, as if brooding.
Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave.
Milton.
2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily
on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of
gloomy, serious thought; -- usually followed by over
or on; as, to brood over
misfortunes.
Brooding on unprofitable gold.
Dryden.
Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt
like one who has evoked a spirit.
Hawthorne.
When with downcast eyes we muse and brood.
Tennyson.
<-- p. 185 -->
Brood (?), v. t. 1. To
sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her
chickens.
2. To cherish with care. [R.]
3. To think anxiously or moodily upon.
You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne.
Dryden.
Brood"y (?), a. Inclined to
brood.
Ray.
Brook (?), n. [OE.
brok, broke, brook, AS.
br\'d3c; akin to D. broek, LG.
br\'d3k, marshy ground, OHG. pruoh, G.
bruch marsh; prob. fr. the root of E.
break, so as that it signifies water breaking through
the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See
Break, v. t.] A natural stream of
water smaller than a river or creek.
The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of
brooks of water.
Deut. viii. 7.
Empires itself, as doth an inland brook
Into the main of waters.
Shak.
Brook, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Brooked (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brooking.] [OE.
broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, digest, AS.
br/can; akin to D. gebruiken to use, OHG.
pr/hhan, G. brauchen,
gebrauchen, Icel. br/ka, Goth.
br/kjan, and L. frui, to enjoy. Cf.
Fruit, Broker.] 1. To use;
to enjoy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate;
as, young men can not brook restraint.
Spenser.
Shall we, who could not brook one lord,
Crouch to the wicked ten?
Macaulay.
3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.]
Sir J. Hawkins.
Brook"ite (?), n. [Named from
the English mineralogist, H.J.Brooke.]
(Min.) A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and
hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but
crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.
Brook"let (?), n. A small
brook.
Brook"lime` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Veronica Beccabunga),
with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American
species is V. Americana. [Formerly
written broklempe or broklympe.]
Brook" mint` (?). (Bot.) See
Water mint.
Brook"side` (?), n. The bank of
a brook.
Brook"weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A small white-flowered herb (Samolus
Valerandi) found usually in wet places; water
pimpernel.
Broom (?), n. [OE.
brom, brome, AS. br\'d3m; akin
to LG. bram, D. brem, OHG.
br\'bemo broom, thorn/bush, G. brombeere
blackberry. Cf. Bramble, n.]
1. (Bot.) A plant having twigs suitable
for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the
Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low
shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue
leaves, and large yellow flowers.
No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom.
Wordsworth.
2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly
made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or
attached to a long wooden handle; -- so called because originally
made of the twigs of the broom.
Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus
aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for
brooms to sweep their blocks; -- called also knee
holly. See Cladophyll. -- Dyer's
broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda
luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's
rocket. -- Spanish broom. See under
Spanish.
Broom, v. t. (Naut.) See
Bream.
Broom" corn` (?). (Bot.) A
variety of Sorghum vulgare, having a joined stem, like
maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its
seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are
made.
Broom" rape` (?). (Bot.) A
genus (Orobanche) of parasitic plants of Europe and
Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of
leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of
other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name
is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as
Aphyllon uniflorumand A.
Ludovicianum.
Broom"staff` (?), n. A
broomstick. [Obs.]
Shak.
Broom"stick` (?), n. A stick
used as a handle of a broom.
Broom"y (?), a. Of or
pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling broom or
a broom.
If land grow mossy or broomy.
Mortimer.
Brose (?), n. [CF. Gael.
brothas. Cf. Brewis, Broth.]
Pottage made by pouring some boiling liquid on meal (esp.
oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef brose,
water brose, etc., according to the name of the liquid
(beef broth, hot water, etc.) used. [Scot.]
Brot"el (?), a. Brittle.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Brot"el*ness, n. Brittleness.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Broth (?), n. [AS.
bro/; akin to OHG. brod, brot;
cf. Ir. broth, Gael. brot. \'fb93. Cf.
Brewis, Brew.] Liquid in which flesh
(and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been
boiled; thin or simple soup.
I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love
broth better than soup.
Addison.
Broth"el (?), n. [OE.
brothel, brodel, brethel, a
prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. ber\'a2/an
to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. bre\'a2tan to break, and E.
brittle. The term brothel house was
confused with bordel brothel. CF.
Bordel.] A house of lewdness or ill fame; a
house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse.
Broth"el*er (?), n. One who
frequents brothels.
Broth"el*ry (?), n. Lewdness;
obscenity; a brothel.
B. Jonson.
Broth"er (?), n.; pl.
Brothers (#) or Brethren
(#). See Brethren. [OE.
brother, AS. br\'d3/or; akin to OS.
brothar, D. broeder, OHG.
pruodar, G. bruder, Icel.
br\'d3/ir, Sw. & Dan. broder, Goth.
br\'d3/ar, Ir. brathair, W.
brawd, pl. brodyr, Lith. brolis,
Lett. brahlis, Russ. brat', Pol. & Serv.
brat, OSlav. brat/, L. frater,
Skr. bhr\'bet/, Zend. bratar brother, Gr.
/, /, a clansman. The common plural is Brothers; in
the solemn style, Brethren, OE. pl. brether,
bretheren, AS. dat. sing. br\'c7/er, nom.
pl. br\'d3/or, br\'d3/ru. Frair, Fraternal.] 1. A
male person who has the same father and mother with another
person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is
more definitely called a half brother, or brother
of the half blood.
Two of us in the churchyard lie,
My sister and my brother.
Wordsworth.
2. One related or closely united to another by some
common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a
society, toil, suffering, etc.; -- used among judges, clergymen,
monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc.
\'bdA brother of your order.\'b8
Shak.
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers,
For he to-day that sheds his blood with me
Shall be my brother.
Shak.
3. One who, or that which, resembles another in
distinctive qualities or traits of character.
He also that is slothful in his work is brother to
him that is a great waster.
Prov. xviii. 9.
That April morn
Of this the very brother.
Wordsworth.
brother is applied
to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents,
as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more
general sense, brother or brethren is used
for fellow-man or fellow-men.
For of whom such massacre
Make they but of their brethren, men of men?
Milton.
Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for
the people of the United States collectively. The phrase is said
to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic
Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as \'bdBrother
Jonathan.\'b8 -- Blood brother. See under
Blood.
Broth"er (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brothered
(#).] To make a brother of; to call or
treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood.
Sir W. Scott.
Broth"er ger"man (?). (Law) A
brother by both the father's and mother's side, in
contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the
mother only.
Bouvier.
Broth"er*hood (?), n.
[Brother + -hood.] 1.
The state of being brothers or a brother.
2. An association for any purpose, as a society of
monks; a fraternity.
3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same
business, -- especially those of the same profession; as, the
legal or medical brotherhood.
4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like
kind.
A brotherhood of venerable trees.
Wordsworth.
Syn. -- Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.
Broth"er-in-law` (?), n.; pl.
Brothers-in-law (/).
The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of
one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's
sister.
Broth"er*li*ness (?), n. The
state or quality of being brotherly.
Broth"er*ly (?), a. Of or
pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming
to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly
love.
Syn. -- Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.
Broth"er*ly, adv. Like a brother;
affectionately; kindly. \'bdI speak but
brotherly of him.\'b8
Shak.
Broud"ed (?), p.a. Braided;
broidered. [Obs.]
Alle his clothes brouded up and down.
Chaucer.
Brough"am (?), n. A light,
close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore
wheels so arranged as to turn short.
Brow (?), n. [OE.
browe, bruwe, AS. br/; akin to
AS. br/w, bre\'a0w, eyelid, OFries.
br\'c7, D. braauw, Icel. br\'be,
br/n, OHG. pr\'bewa, G. braue,
OSlav. br/v/, Russ. brove, Ir.
brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor.
abrant, Gr. /, Skr. bhr/. Cf.
Bray a bank, Bridge.] 1.
The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers
it, forming an arch above the orbit.
And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes,
With solemn proof proclaims him wise.
Churchill.
2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the
eyes); the eyebrow.
'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk
hair.
Shak.
3. The forehead; as, a feverish
brow.
Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow.
Shak.
4. The general air of the countenance.
To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow.
Milton.
He told them with a masterly brow.
Milton.
5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep
place; as, the brow of a precipice; the
brow of a hill.
To bend the brow, To knit the
brows, to frown; to scowl.
Brow, v. t. To bound to limit; to be at,
or form, the edge of. [R.]
Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts
That brow this bottom glade.
Milton.
Brow"beat` (?), v. t.
[imp. Browbeat; p. p.
Browbeaten (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Browbeating.] To depress or bear down
with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic
assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words
or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat
witnesses.
My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten.
W. Irving.
Brow"beat`ing, n. The act of bearing
down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious
manners, or confident assertions.
The imperious browbeating and scorn of great
men.
L'Estrange.
Brow"bound` (?), a. Crowned;
having the head encircled as with a diadem.
Shak.
Browd"yng (?), n.
Embroidery. [Obs.]
Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel.
Chaucer.
Browed (?), a. Having (such) a
brow; -- used in composition; as, dark-browed,
stern-browed.
Brow"less (?), a. Without
shame.
L. Addison.
Brown (?), a.
[Compar. Browner (?);
superl. Brownest.] [OE.
brun, broun, AS. br/n; akin to
D. bruin, OHG. br/n, Icel.
br/nn, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun,
G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr.
babhru. \'fb93, 253. Cf. Bruin,
Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.]
Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or
yellow.
Cheeks brown as the oak leaves.
Longfellow.
Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock
smoothbore musket, with bronzed barrel, formerly used in the
British army. -- Brown bread (a)
Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted wheat flour,
sometimes called in the United States Graham
bread. \'bdHe would mouth with a beggar though she
smelt brown bread and garlic.\'b8 Shak.
(b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian
meal, or of wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread.
[U.S.] -- Brown coal, wood coal. See
Lignite. -- Brown hematite or
Brown iron ore (Min.), the
hydrous iron oxide, limonite, which has a brown streak. See
Limonite. -- Brown holland. See
under Holland. -- Brown paper, dark
colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made of unbleached
materials. -- Brown spar (Min.), a
ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part identical with
ankerite. -- Brown stone. See
Brownstone. -- Brown stout, a strong
kind of proter or malt liquor. -- Brown study,
a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie.
W. Irving.
Brown, n. A dark color inclining to red
or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of
red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.
Brown, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Browned (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Browning.] 1. To make
brown or dusky.
A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,<
qex>Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves.
Barlow.
2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to
brown meat or flour.
3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun
barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface.
Ure.
Brown, v. i. To become brown.
Brown"back` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dowitcher or red-breasted snipe.
See Dowitcher.
Brown" bill` (?). [Brown +
bill cutting tool.] A bill or halberd of
the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th Bill.
Many time, but for a sallet, my brainpan had been cleft with a
brown bill.
Shak.
black, or as it is sometimes called,
the brown bill, was a kind of halberd, the cutting
part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which
projected a spike, and another from the head.
Grose.
Brown"i*an (?), a. Pertaining
to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about
1827) the commonness of the motion described below.
Brownian movement, the peculiar, rapid,
vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of
substances when suspended in water or other fluids.
Brown"ie (?), n. [So called
from its supposed tawny or swarthy
color.] An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was
supposed often to perform important services around the house by
night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping.
[Scot.]
Brown"ing, n. 1. The act or
operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc.
2. (Masonry) A smooth coat of brown
mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the
finishing coat of plaster.
Brown"ish, a. Somewhat brown.
Brown"ism (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the
Brownists.
Milton.
Brown"ism, n. (Med.) The
doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See
Brunonian.
Brown"ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A
follower of Robert Brown, of England, in the 16th
century, who taught that every church is complete and independent
in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one
place, having full power to elect and depose its officers.
Brown"ist, n. (Med.) One who
advocates the Brunonian system of medicine.
Brown"ness, n. The quality or state of
being brown.
Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair);
Only in brownness beauty dwelleth there.
Drayton.
Brown"stone` (?), n. A dark
variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.
Brown" thrush" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A common American singing bird (Harporhynchus
rufus), allied to the mocking bird; -- also called
brown thrasher.
Brown"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A species of figwort or
Scrophularia (S. vernalis), and other
species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous
coarse flowers.
Brown"y (?), a. Brown or,
somewhat brown. \'bdBrowny locks.\'b8
Shak.
Brow"post` (?), n.
(Carp.) A beam that goes across a building.
Browse (?), n. [OF.
brost, broust, sprout, shoot, F.
brout browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG.
burst, G. borste, bristle; cf. also Armor.
brousta to browse. See Bristle,
n., Brush, n.] The
tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of
cattle and other animals; green food.
Spenser.
Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed,
On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed.
Dryden.
Browse, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Browsed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Browsing.] [For
broust, OF. brouster, bruster,
F. brouter. See Browse, n., and
cf. Brut.] 1. To eat or nibble off,
as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; -- said of cattle,
sheep, deer, and some other animals.
Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets,
The barks of trees thou browsedst.
Shak.
2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to
graze.
Fields . . . browsed by deep-uddered kine.
Tennyson.
<-- p. 186 -->
Browse (?), v. i. 1.
To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees,
as do cattle, sheep, and deer.
2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble.
Shak.
Brows"er (?), n. An animal that
browses.
Browse"wood` (?), n. Srubs and
bushes upon which animals browse.
Brows"ing, n. Browse; also, a place
abounding with shrubs where animals may browse.
Browsings for the deer.
Howell.
Brow"spot` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A rounded organ between the eyes of
the frog; the interocular gland.
\'d8Bru*ang" (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Malayan sun
bear.
Bru"cine (?), n. [Cf. F.
brucine, fr. James Bruce, a Scottish
traveler.] (Chem.) A poweful vegetable
alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of
different species of Strychnos, especially in the
Nux vomica. It is less powerful than strychnine.
Called also brucia and
brucina.
Bru"cite (?), n. [Named after
Dr. A.Bruce of New York.] (Min.)
(a) A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and
foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium
hydrate. (b) The mineral chondrodite.
[R.]
Bruck"eled (?), a. Wet and
dirty; begrimed. [Obs. or Dial.]
Herrick.
\'d8Bruh (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [Native name.] The rhesus
monkey. See Rhesus.
Bru"in (?), n. [D.
bruin brown. In the epic poem of \'bdReynard the
Fox\'b8 the bear is so called from his color. See Brown,
a.] A bear; -- so called in popular tales
and fables.
Bruise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bruised
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bruising.] [OE. brusen,
brisen, brosen, bresen, AS.
br/san or fr. OF. bruiser,
bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh.
from OHG. brochis\'d3n. Cf. Break, v.
t.] 1. To injure, as by a blow or
collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to
bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise
the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by
letting it fall.
2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals,
roots, etc.; to crush.
Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs.
Shak.
Syn. -- To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.
Bruise, v. i. To fight with the fists;
to box.
Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English
custom.
Thackeray.
Bruise, n. An injury to the flesh of
animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy
instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion;
as, a bruise on the head; bruises on
fruit.
From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no
soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises.
Isa. i. 6.
Bruis"er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, bruises.
2. A boxer; a pugilist.
R. Browning.
Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic aand,
Amid the lists our hero takes his stand.
T. Warton.
3. A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the
speculums of telescopes.
Knight.
Bruise"wort` (?), n. A plant
supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and
the comfrey.
Bruit (?), n. [OE.
bruit, brut, noise, bruit, F.
bruit, fr. LL. brugitus; cf. L.
rugire to roar; perh. influenced by the source of E.
bray to make a harsh noise, Armor. brud
bruit.] 1. Report; rumor; fame.
The bruit thereof will bring you many friends.
Shak.
2. [French pron. /.]
(Med.) An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard
on auscultation.
Bruit, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bruited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bruiting.] To report; to noise
abroad.
I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited.
Shak.
\'d8Bru`maire" (?), n. [F., fr.
L. bruma winter.] The second month of the
calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty
days after the autumnal equinox. See Vendemiaire.
Bru"mal (?), a. [L.
brumalis, fr. bruma winter: cf. F.
brumal.] Of or pertaining to winter.
\'bdThe brumal solstice.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Brume (?), n. [F.
brume winter season, mist, L. bruma
winter.] Mist; fog; vapors. \'bdThe drifting
brume.\'b8
Longfellow.
Brum"ma*gem (?), a.
[Birmingham (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., \'bdthe
great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry,\'b8
etc.] Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham.
[Slang] \'bdThese Brummagem gentry.\'b8
Lady D. Hardy.
Bru"mous (?), a. Foggy;
misty.
Brun (?), n. [See
Broun a brook.] Same as Brun, a
brook. [Scot.]
Bru*nette" (?), n. [F.
brunet, brunette, brownish, dim. of
brun, brune, brown, fr. OHG.
br/n. See Brown, a.]
A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark
complexion. -- a. Having a dark
tint.
Brun"ion (?), n. [F.
brugnon (cf. It. brugna,
prugna), fr. L. prunum. See Prune,
n.] A nectarine.
Bru*no"ni*an (?), a. Pertaining
to, or invented by, Brown; -- a term applied to a
system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John
Brown, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which
was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal
action of external agents upon the body, and that disease
consists in excess or deficiency of excitation.
Bruns"wick black` (?). See Japan
black.
Bruns"wick green` (?). [G.
Braunschweiger gr\'81n, first made at Brunswick, in
Germany.] An oxychloride of copper, used as a green
pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed.
Brunt (?), n. [OE.
brunt, bront, fr. Icel. bruna to
rush; cf. Icel. brenna to burn. Cf. Burn,
v. t.] 1. The heat, or utmost
violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any
contention; as, the brunt of a battle.
2. The force of a blow; shock; collision.
\'bdAnd heavy brunt of cannon ball.\'b8
Hudibras.
It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first
brunt with some real affair of common life.
I. Taylor.
Brush (?), n. [OE.
brusche, OF. broche, broce,
brosse, brushwood, F. brosse brush, LL.
brustia, bruscia, fr. OHG.
brusta, brust, bristle, G.
borste bristle, b\'81rste brush. See
Bristle, n., and cf. Browse.]
1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other
like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood,
bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing
dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. Brushes have
different shapes and names according to their use; as,
clothes brush, paint brush, tooth
brush, etc.
2. The bushy tail of a fox.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A tuft of hair on the
mandibles.
4. Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood.
5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs
and small trees in a wood; underbrush.
6. (Elec.) A bundle of flexible wires or
thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical current to or
from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar
apparatus.
7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's
clothes a brush; a rubbing or grazing with a quick
motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush from the
wheel as it passed.
[As leaves] have with one winter's brush
Fell from their boughts.
Shak.
8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or
collision; as, to have a brush with an
enemy.
Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong,
And tempt not yet the brushes of the war.
Shak.
9. A short contest, or trial, of speed.
Let us enjoy a brush across the country.
Cornhill Mag.
Electrical brush, a form of the electric
discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous
rays diverging from an electrified body.
Brush, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Brushed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Brushing.] [OE.
bruschen; cf. F. brosser. See
Brush, n.] 1. To apply a
brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean,
paint, etc., with a brush. \'bdA' brushes his
hat o' mornings.\'b8
Shak.
2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as
with a brush.
Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep
The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave.
Fairfax.
Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings.
Milton.
3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act
like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; --
commonly with off.
As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed
With raven's feather from unwholesome fen.
Shak.
And from the boughts brush off the evil dew.
Milton.
To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as
with a brush. -- To brush away, to remove, as
with a brush or brushing motion. -- To brush up,
to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or
improve; to renew.
You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done
my best to brush you up like your
neighbors.
Pope.
Brush, v. i. To move nimbly in haste; to
move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to
brush by.
Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the
wind.
Goldsmith.
Brush"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, brushes.
Brush"i*ness (?), n. The
quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition;
shagginess.
Dr. H. More.
Brush"ing, a. 1. Constructed or
used to brush with; as a brushing machine.
2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing
gallop.
Brush"ite (?), n. [From George
J.Brush, an American mineralogist.]
(Min.) A white or gray crystalline mineral
consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.
Brush" tur`key (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia
(Talegalla Lathami) of the family
Megapodid\'91. Also applied to several allied species
of New Guinea.
brush turkeys live in the
\'bdbrush,\'b8 and construct a common nest by collecting a large
heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat
sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel)
deposited in it by the females of the flock.
Brush" wheel` (?). 1. A wheel
without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of
bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the
circumference.
2. A circular revolving brush used by turners,
lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.
Brush"wood (?), n. 1.
Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.
2. Small branches of trees cut off.
Brush"y, a. Resembling a brush; shaggy;
rough.
Brusk (?), a. Same as
Brusque.
Brusque (?), a. [F.
brusque, from It. brusco brusque, tart,
sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild
(vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr.
brutti terror.] Rough and prompt in manner;
blunt; abrupt; hluff; as, a brusque man; a
brusque style.
Brusque"ness, n. Quality of being
brusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness.
Brit. Quar.
Brus"sels (?), n. A city of
Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace,
etc.
Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of
worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread.
The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up
in loops to form the pattern. -- Brussels ground,
a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It
is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the
threads. -- Brussels lace, an expensive kind
of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as,
Brussels point, Brussels ground,
Brussels wire ground. -- Brussels net,
an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. --
Brussels point. See Point lace. --
Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the
Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem,
numerous small green heads, or \'bdsprouts,\'b8 each a cabbage in
miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed
cabbage. -- Brussels wire ground, a ground
for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly
arched.
Brus"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Brustled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Brustling
(#).] [OE. brustlien and
brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr.
berstan to burst, akin to G. prasseln to
crackle. See Burst, v. i.] 1.
To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment.
[Obs.]
Gower.
2. To make a show of fireceness or defiance; to
bristle. [Obs.]
To brustle up, to bristle up.
[Obs.]
Otway.
Brus"tle, n. A bristle.
[Obs. or Prov.]
Chaucer.
Brut (?), v. i. [F.
brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse,
n.] To browse. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Brut, n. (Zo\'94l.) See
Birt.
\'d8Bru"ta (?), n. [NL., neuter
pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Edentata.
Bru"tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
brutal. See Brute, a.]
1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as,
brutal nature. \'bdAbove the rest of
brutal kind.\'b8
Milton.
2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish;
unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal
manners. \'bdBrutal intemperance.\'b8
Macaulay.
Bru"tal*ism (?), n. Brutish
quality; brutality.
Bru*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Brutalities (#). [Cf. F.
brutalit\'82.] 1. The quality of
being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.
2. An inhuman act.
The . . . brutalities exercised in war.
Brougham.
Bru`tal*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.
Bru"tal*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brutalized
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutalizing.] [Cf. F.
brutaliser.] To make brutal; beasty;
unfeeling; or inhuman.
Bru"tal*ize, v. i. To become brutal,
inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty. [R.]
He mixed . . . with his countrymen, brutalized with
them in their habits and manners.
Addison.
Bru"tal*ly, adv. In a brutal manner;
cruelly.
Brute (?), a. [F.
brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude,
brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp.
bruto.] 1. Not having sensation;
senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or
volition; as, the brute earth; the brute
powers of nature.
2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking;
as, a brute beast; the brute
creation.
A creature . . . not prone
And brute as other creatures, but endued
With sanctity of reason.
Milton.
3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute
beast. Hence: Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless;
as, brute violence.
Macaulay.
The influence of capital and mere brute labor.
Playfair.
4. Having the physical powers predominating over
the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent.
A great brute farmer from Liddesdale.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling.
[R.]
Brute, n. 1. An animal
destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a
quadruped; a beast.
Brutes may be considered as either a\'89ral,
terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious.
Locke.
2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners;
as unfeeling or coarse person.
An ill-natured brute of a husband.
Franklin.
Syn. -- See Beast.
Brute, v. t. [For
bruit.] To report; to bruit.
[Obs.]
Brute"ly, adv. In a rude or violent
manner.
Brute"ness, n. 1.
Brutality. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. Insensibility. \'bdThe
bruteness of nature.\'b8
Emerson.
Bru"ti*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Brutified
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutifying.] [Brute +
-fy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make
like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to
brutalize.
Any man not quite brutified and void of sense.
Barrow.
Bru"tish (?), a. Pertaining to,
or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid
nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent.
O, let all provocation
Take every brutish shape it can devise.
Leigh Hunt.
Man may . . . render himself brutish, but it is in
vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the
brute.
I. Taylor.
Syn. -- Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel;
brutal; barbarous; inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual;
bestial.
-- Bru"tish*ly, adv. --
Bru"tish*ness, n.
Bru"tism (?), n. The nature or
characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme
stupidity, or beastly vulgarity.
Bru"ting (?), n.
Browsing. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Bry*o*log"i*cal (?), a.
Relating to bryology; as, bryological
studies.
Bry*ol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in bryology.
Bry*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. /
moss + -logy.] That part of botany which
relates to mosses.
Bry"o*nin (?), n. (Chem.)
A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony
(Bryonia alba and B. dioica). It is a
white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and
cathartic.
<-- p. 187 -->
Bry"o*ny (?), n. [L.
bryonia, Gr. /, fr. / to swell, esp. of
plants.] (Bot.) The common name of several
cucurbitaceous plants of the genus Bryonia. The root
of B. alba (rough or white
bryony) and of B. dioica is a strong, irritating
cathartic.
Black bryony, a plant (Tamus
communis) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black
root; black bindweed.
\'d8Bry*oph"y*ta (?), n. pl.
See Cryptogamia.
\'d8Bry`o*zo"a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. / moss + / animal.]
(Zo\'94l.) A class of Molluscoidea, including
minute animals which by budding form compound colonies; -- called
also Polyzoa.
Ectoprocta,
Entoprocta, and
Pterobranchia. See Cyclostoma,
Chilostoma, and Phylactolema.
Bry`o*zo"an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa.
-- n. One of the Bryozoa.
\'d8Bry`o*zo"um (?), n. [NL.
See Bryozoa.] (Zo\'94l.) An
individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may be
two or more kinds in a single colony. The zo\'d2cia usually have
a wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed
stomach and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the
other zooids (Avicularia, O\'d2cia,
etc.).
\'d8Bu`an*su"ah (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) The wild dog of northern
India (Cuon prim\'91vus), supposed by some to be an
ancestral species of the domestic dog.
\'d8Bu"at (?), n. [Scot., of
uncertain origin.] A lantern; also, the moon.
[Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
Bub (?), n. Strong malt
liquor. [Cant]
Prior.
Bub, n. [Cf. 2d Bubby.]
A young brother; a little boy; -- a familiar term of address
of a small boy.
Bub, v. t. [Abbrev. from
Bubble.] To throw out in bubbles; to
bubble. [Obs.]
Sackville.
Bu"ba*le (?), n. [Cf. F.
bubale. See Buffalo, n.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large antelope (Alcelaphus
bubalis) of Egypt and the Desert of Sahara, supposed by
some to be the fallow deer of the Bible.
Bu"ba*line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling a buffalo.
Bubaline antelope (Zo\'94l.), the
bubale.
Bub"ble (?), n. [Cf. D.
bobbel, Dan. boble, Sw. bubbla.
Cf. Blob, n.] 1. A thin
film of liquid inflated with air or gas; as, a soap
bubble; bubbles on the surface of a
river.
Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow,
Like bubbles in a late disturbed stream.
Shak.
2. A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid
body; as, bubbles rising in champagne or a\'89rated
waters.
3. A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a
transparent solid; as, bubbles in window glass, or
in a lens.
4. A small, hollow, floating bead or globe,
formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.
5. The globule of air in the spirit tube of a
level.
6. Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that
which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud;
a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation;
as, the South Sea bubble.
Then a soldier . . .
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth.
Shak.
7. A person deceived by an empty project; a
gull. [Obs.] \'bdGanny's a cheat, and I'm a
bubble.\'b8
Prior.
Bub"ble, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bubbled (/); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bubbling (/).] [Cf.
D. bobbelen, Dan. boble. See
Bubble, n.] 1. To rise in
bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain
bubbles.
The milk that bubbled in the pail.
Tennyson.
2. To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming
bubbles; as, a bubbling stream.
Pope.
3. To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound.
At mine ear
Bubbled the nightingale and heeded not.
Tennyson.
Bub"bler, v. t. To cheat; to
deceive.
She has bubbled him out of his youth.
Addison.
The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was
nevertheless bubbled here.
Sterne.
Bub"bler (?), n. 1.
One who cheats.
All the Jews, jobbers, bubblers, subscribers,
projectors, etc.
Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the Ohio river;
-- so called from the noise it makes.
Bub"ble shell` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A marine univalve shell of the genus Bulla and
allied genera, belonging to the Tectibranchiata.
Bub"bling Jock` (?) (Zo\'94l.)
The male wild turkey, the gobbler; -- so called in allusion
to its notes.
Bub"bly (?), a. Abounding in
bubbles; bubbling.
Nash.
Bub"by (b, n.
[Cf. Prov. G. b\'81bbi, or It. poppa,
Pr. popa, OF. poupe, a woman's
breast.] A woman's breast. [Low]
Bub"by, n. [A corruption of
brother.] Bub; -- a term of familiar or
affectionate address to a small boy.
Bu"bo (?), n.; pl.
Buboes (/). [LL. bubo
the groin, a swelling in the groin, Gr. /.]
(Med.) An inflammation, with enlargement, of a
limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis.
Bu*bon"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes.
Bu*bon"o*cele (?), n. [Gr. /
groin + / tumor: cf. F. bubonoc\'8ale.]
(Med.) An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete
variety in which the hernial pouch descends only as far as the
groin, forming a swelling there like a bubo.
Bu"bu*kle (?), n. A red
pimple. [R.]
Shak.
Buc"cal (?), a. [L.
bucca cheek: cf. F. buccal.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the mouth or
cheeks.
Buc`ca*neer" (?), n. [F.
boucanier, fr. boucaner to smoke or broil
meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins,
boucan a smoking place for meat or fish, gridiron for
smoking: a word of American origin.] A robber upon the
sea; a pirate; -- a term applied especially to the piratical
adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in
the 17th and 18th centuries. [Written also
bucanier.]
Buc`ca*neer", v. i. To act the part of a
buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber.
Buc`ca*neer"ish, a. Like a buccaneer;
piratical.
Buc"ci*nal (?), a. [L.
bucina a crooked horn or trumpet.] Shaped
or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike.
\'d8Buc`ci*na"tor (?), n. [L.,
a trumpeter, fr. bucinare to sound the trumpet.]
(Anat.) A muscle of the cheek; -- so called from
its use in blowing wind instruments.
Buc"ci*noid (?), a.
[Buccinum + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling the genus Buccinum, or
pertaining to the Buccinid\'91, a family of marine
univalve shells. See Whelk, and
Prosobranchiata.
\'d8Buc"ci*num (?), n. [L., a
trumpet, a trumpet shell.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas. It
includes the common whelk (B. undatum).
Bu*cen"taur (?), n. [Gr. /;
ox + / centaur.] 1. A fabulous monster,
half ox, half man.
2. [It. bucentoro.] The state
barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of espousing
the Adriatic.
\'d8Bu"ce*ros (?), n. [Gr. /
horned like an ox; / ox + / horn.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of large perching birds; the
hornbills.
Buch"ol*zite (?), n. [So called
from Bucholz, a German chemist.]
(Min.) Same as Fibrolite.
Bu"chu (?), n. (Bot.)
A South African shrub (Barosma) with small leaves
that are dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves,
which are used in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs,
etc. Several species furnish the leaves.
Buck (?), n. [Akin to LG.
b\'81ke, Dan. byg, Sw. byk, G.
bauche: cf. It. bucato, Prov. Sp.
bugada, F. bu\'82e.] 1.
Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of
bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.
2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Buck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bucked (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bucking.] [OE. bouken; akin
to LG. b\'81ken, Dan. byge, Sw.
byka, G. bauchen, beuchen; cf.
OF. buer. Cf. the preceding noun.] 1.
To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; -- a process in
bleaching.
2. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later
usage, by beating them on stones in running water.
3. (Mining) To break up or pulverize, as
ores.
Buck, n. [OE. buk,
bucke, AS. bucca, bua, he-goat;
akin to D. bok, OHG. pocch, G.
bock, Ir. boc, W. bwch, Corn.
byk; cf. Zend b/za, Skr.
bukka. \'fb256. Cf. Butcher,
n.] 1. The male of deer,
especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares,
and rabbits.
fawn in
his first year; a pricket in his second; a
sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a
buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great
buck in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed
a doe. The male of the red deer is termed a
stag or hart and not a buck, and
the female is called a hind.
Brande & C.
2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a
dandy.
The leading bucks of the day.
Thackeray.
3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq.
U.S.]
buck is much used in composition
for the names of antelopes; as, bush buck, spring
buck.
Blue buck. See under Blue. --
Water buck, a South African variety of antelope
(Kobus ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of
Antelope.
Buck (?), v. i. 1. To
copulate, as bucks and does.
2. To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending
with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as
possible; -- said of a vicious horse or mule.
Buck, v. t. 1. (Mil.)
To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying
the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and
putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the
knees.
2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v.
i., 2.
The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him
out of the saddle.
W. E. Norris.
Buck, n. A frame on which firewood is
sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck.
Buck saw, a saw set in a frame and used for
sawing wood on a sawhorse.
Buck, n. [See Beech,
n.] The beech tree.
[Scot.]
Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the beech
tree.
Johnson.
Buck"-bas`ket (?), n. [See 1st
Buck.] A basket in which clothes are carried
to the wash.
Shak.
Buck" bean` (?). (Bot.) A plant
(Menyanthes trifoliata) which grows in moist and boggy
places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely
bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; --
called also bog bean.
Buck"board` (?), n. A
four-wheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame
resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed
transversely upon it; -- called also buck
wagon.
Buck"er (?), n. (Mining)
1. One who bucks ore.
2. A broad-headed hammer used in bucking ore.
Buck"er, n. A horse or mule that
bucks.
Buck"et (?), n. [OE.
boket; cf. AS. buc pitcher, or Corn.
buket tub.] 1. A vessel for
drawing up water from a well, or for catching, holding, or
carrying water, sap, or other liquids.
The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound
bucket,
The moss-covered bucket, which hung in the well.
Wordsworth.
2. A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and
conveying coal, ore, grain, etc.
3. (Mach.) One of the receptacles on the
rim of a water wheel into which the water rushes, causing the
wheel to revolve; also, a float of a paddle wheel.
4. The valved piston of a lifting pump.
Fire bucket, a bucket for carrying water to
put out fires. -- To kick the bucket, to die.
[Low]
Buck"et shop` (?). An office or a place
where facilities are given for betting small sums on current
prices of stocks, petroleum, etc. [Slang,
U.S.]
Buck"et*y (?), n. [A corruption
of buckwheat.] Paste used by weavers to
dress their webs.
Buchanan.
Buck"eye` (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) A name given to several American trees and
shrubs of the same genus (\'92sculus) as the horse
chestnut.
The Ohio buckeye, Fetid
buckeye, is \'92sculus glabra.
-- Red buckeye is \'92. Pavia. --
Small buckeye is \'92. paviflora.
-- Sweet buckeye, Yellow
buckeye, is \'92. flava.
2. A cant name for a native in Ohio.
[U.S.]
Buckeye State, Ohio; -- so called because
buckeye trees abound there.
Buck"-eyed` (?), a. Having bad
or speckled eyes. \'bdA buck-eyed horse.\'b8
James White.
Buck"hound` (?), n. A hound for
hunting deer.
Master of the buckhounds, an officer in the
royal household. [Eng.]
Buck"ie (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large spiral marine shell, esp. the
common whelk. See Buccinum. [Scot.]
Deil's buckie, a perverse, refractory
youngster. [Slang]
<-- sic. deil = devil. See deil. -->
Buck"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the
operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used.
Tomlinson.
2. A washing.
3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing
ores.
Bucking iron (Mining), a
broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores. --
Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular
boiler, or kier, used in bleaching. -- Bucking
stool, a washing block.
Buck"ish, a. Dandified; foppish.
Buc"kle (?), n. [OE.
bocle buckle, boss of a shield, OF. bocle,
F. boucle, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L.
buccula a little cheek or mouth, dim. of
bucca cheek; this boss or knob resembling a
cheek.] 1. A device, usually of metal,
consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches,
used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness,
by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the
tongue.
2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw
blade or a plate of sheet metal.
Knight.
3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl
formerly worn; also, the state of being curled.
Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern
face.
W. Irving.
Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half
year.
Addison.
4. A contorted expression, as of the face.
[R.]
'Gainst nature armed by gravity,
His features too in buckle see.
Churchill.
Buc"kle (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Buckled
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Buckling.] [OE. boclen, F.
boucler. See Buckle, n.]
1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles;
as, to buckle a harness.
2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become
distorted.
3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and
earnestness; -- generally used reflexively<-- buckle down
-->.
Cartwright buckled himself to the employment.
Fuller.
4. To join in marriage. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
<-- p. 188 -->
Buc"kle (?), v. i. 1.
To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl;
to kink.
Buckled with the heat of the fire like
parchment.
Pepys.
2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a
wall.
3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing.
[Obs.]
The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to
buckle.
Pepys.
4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in
close fight; to struggle; to contend.
The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the
Lord Protector as he was with him.
Latimer.
In single combat thou shalt buckle with me.
Shak.
To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with
zeal.
To make our sturdy humor buckle
thereto.
Barrow.
Before buckling to my winter's work.
J. D. Forbes.
Buc"kler (?), n. [OE.
bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier,
a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle,
boucle, boss. See Buckle,
n.] 1. A kind of shield, of
various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the
left) for protecting the front of the body.
buckler play of the
Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small
shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry
blows.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes.
(b) The anterior segment of the shell of
trilobites.
3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of
iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a
half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel
pitches.
Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid
buckler. -- Buckler mustard (Bot.),
a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright
yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two
bucklers or shields. -- Buckler thorn, a
plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's
thorn. -- Riding buckler (Naut.),
a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.
Buc"kler, v. t. To shield; to
defend. [Obs.]
Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,
Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree?
Shak.
Buc"kler-head`ed (?), a. Having
a head like a buckler.
Buc"kling (?), a. Wavy;
curling, as hair.
Latham.
Buck"ra (?), n. [In the
language of the Calabar coast, buckra means \'bddemon,
a powerful and superior being.\'b8
J.L.Wilson.] A white
man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies,
etc.
Buck"ra, a. White; white man's; strong;
good; as, buckra yam, a white yam.
Buck"ram (?), n. [OE.
bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran,
F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL.
buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG.
boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's
hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter
r. See Buck, Barracan.]
1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with
size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended,
and for wrappers to cover merchandise.
Buckram was formerly a very different
material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing
apparel, etc.
Beck (Draper's Dict. ).
2. (Bot.) A plant. See
Ramson.
Dr. Prior.
Buck"ram, a. 1. Made of
buckram; as, a buckram suit.
2. Stiff; precise. \'bdBuckram
dames.\'b8
Brooke.
Buck"ram, v. t. To strengthen with
buckram; to make stiff.
Cowper.
Buck's"-horn` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like
a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia
coronopifolia.
Buck"shot` (?), n. A coarse
leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and
large game.
Buck"skin` (?), n. 1.
The skin of a buck.
2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or
grayish in color, made of deerskin.
3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an
American soldier of the Revolutionary war.
Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought,
An' did the buckskins claw, man.
Burns.
4. pl. Breeches made of
buckskin.
I have alluded to his buckskin.
Thackeray.
Buck"stall` (?), n. A toil or
net to take deer.
Buck"thorn` (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or
trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long
spines or thorns. See Rhamnus.
Sea buckthorn, a plant of the genus
Hippopha\'89.
Buck"tooth` (?), n. Any tooth
that juts out.
When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded.
Thackeray.
Buck"wheat` (?), n.
[Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D.
boekweit, G. buchweizen.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum)
of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for
food.
2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for
griddle cakes, etc.
Bu*col"ic (?), a. [L.
bucolicus, Gr. /, fr. / cowherd, herdsman; / ox
+ (perh.) / race horse; cf. Skr. kal to drive: cf.
F. bucolique. See Cow the animal.]
Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd;
pastoral; rustic.
Bu*col"ic, n. [L.
Bucolic\'93n po\'89ma.] A pastoral poem,
representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation
of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and
Virgil.
Dryden.
Bu*col"ic*al (?), a.
Bucolic.
\'d8Bu*cra"ni*um (?), n.; pl.
L. Bucrania (#). [L., fr. Gr. /
ox head.] A sculptured ornament, representing an ox
skull adorned with wreaths, etc.
Bud (?), n. [OE.
budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze,
butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte
in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the
dog-rose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud,
button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E.
beat. See Button.] 1.
(Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or
branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves,
flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.
2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on
certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a
new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra.
Bud moth (Zo\'94l.), a
lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds
of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and
Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.
Bud, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Budded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Budding.] 1. To put forth or
produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower
or shoot.
2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in
the manner of a bud, as a horn.
3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and
freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding
virgin.
Shak.
Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.
Bud, v. t. To graft, as a plant with
another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an
opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the
budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally
bear.
The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are,
budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are
budded on each other.
Farm. Dict.
Bud"dha (?), n. [Skr.
buddha wise, sage, fr. budh to know.]
The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and
wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp.
Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of
Buddhism.
Bud"dhism (?), n. The religion
based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage
Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, \'bdthe awakened or
enlightened,\'b8 in the sixth century b.c., and
adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of
Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's
teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was
characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents
release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement,
Nirv\'83na) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in
transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life.
Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.
Bud"dhist (?), n. One who
accepts the teachings of Buddhism.
Bud"dhist, a. Of or pertaining to
Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.
Bud*dhis"tic (?), a. Same as
Buddhist, a.
Bud"ding (?), n. 1.
The act or process of producing buds.
2. (Biol.) A process of asexual
reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a
protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the
bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk
or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See
Hydroidea.
3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of
plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.
Bud"dle (?), n. [Prov. E., to
cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G.
butteln to shake.] (Mining) An
apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped
ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning
water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable
portions.
Bud"dle, v. i. (Mining) To
wash ore in a buddle.
Bude" burn`er (?). [See Bude
light.] A burner consisting of two or more
concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and
a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is
supplied.
Bude" light` (?). [From Bude,
in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G.Gurney, the inventor.]
A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by
introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center
of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.
Budge (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Budged (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Budging.]
[F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr.
bojar, bolegar, to stir, move, It.
bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire.
See Boil, v. i.] To move off; to
stir; to walk away.
I'll not budge an inch, boy.
Shak.
The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge
From rascals worse than they.
Shak.
Budge, a. [See Budge,
v.] Brisk; stirring; jocund.
[Obs.]
South.
Budge, n. [OE. bouge bag, OF.
boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a
leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr.
bolc, Gael. bolg. Cf. Budge,
n.] A kind of fur prepared from lambskin
dressed with the wool on; -- used formerly as an edging and
ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.
Budge, a. 1. Lined with budge;
hence, scholastic. \'bdBudge gowns.\'b8
Milton.
2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics.
Those budge doctors of the stoic fur.
Milton.
Budge bachelor, one of a company of men
clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied
the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. --
Budge barrel (Mil.), a small
copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being
closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with
strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the
magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.
Budge"ness (?), n. Sternness;
severity. [Obs.]
A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for
budgeness.
Stanyhurst.
Budg"er (?), n. One who
budges.
Shak.
\'d8budg"e*row (?), n. [Hindi
bajr\'be.] A large and commodious, but
generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the
Ganges.
Budg"et (?), n. [OE.
bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag,
wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather
bag. See Budge, n., and cf.
Bouget.] 1. A bag or sack with its
contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a
budget of inventions.
2. The annual financial statement which the British
chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It
comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with
the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is
sometimes applied to a similar statement in other
countries.
To open the budget, to lay before a
legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the
executive government.
Budg"y, a. [From Budge,
n.] Consisting of fur.
[Obs.]
Bud"let (?), n. [Bud
+ -let.] A little bud springing from a
parent bud.
We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or
the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its
offspring.
E. Darwin.
Buff (?), n. [OE.
buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F.
buffle buffalo. See Buffalo.]
1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the
buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen,
elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. \'bdA suit
of buff.\'b8
Shak.
2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading
toward pink, gray, or brown.
A visage rough,
Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff.
Dryden.
3. A military coat, made of buff leather.
Shak.
4. (Med.) The grayish viscid substance
constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under
Buffy, a.
5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff
leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.
6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the
buff. [Colloq.]
To be in buff is equivalent to being naked.
Wright.
Buff, a. 1. Made of buff
leather.
Goldsmith.
2. Of the color of buff.
Buff coat, a close, military outer garment,
with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of
buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by
soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. --
Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat;
afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.]
Nares. -- Buff stick (Mech.),
a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in
polishing.
Buff, v. t. To polish with a buff. See
Buff, n., 5.
Buff, v. t. [OF. bufer to
cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.] To
strike. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Buff, n. [See Buffet.]
A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase
\'bdBlindman's buff.\'b8
Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent
That made him reel.
Spenser.
Buff, a. [Of uncertain etymol.]
Firm; sturdy.
And for the good old cause stood buff,
'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff.
Hudibras.
\'d8Buf"fa (?), n. fem.
(Mus.) [It. See Buffoon.] The
comic actress in an opera. -- a.
Comic, farcical.
Aria buffa, a droll or comic air. --
Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera
bouffe.
Buf"fa*lo (?), n.; pl.
Buffaloes (/). [Sp.
bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F.
buffle), fr. L. bubalus,
bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the
buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. / buffalo, prob. fr. / ox. See
Cow the animal, and cf. Buff the color, and
Bubale.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A
species of the genus Bos or Bubalus
(B. bubalus), originally from India, but now found in
most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is
larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy
places and rivers.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A very large and savage
species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South
Africa; -- called also Cape buffalo.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of wild
ox.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The bison of North
America.
5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe,
below.
6. (Zo\'94l.) The buffalo fish. See
Buffalo fish, below.
Buffalo berry (Bot.), a shrub of
the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid
edible red berries. -- Buffalo bird
(Zo\'94l.), an African bird of the genus
Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon
buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. --
Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under
Carpet. -- Buffalo chips, dry dung
of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.]
-- Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of
clover (Trifolium reflexum and
T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of
the American bison. -- Buffalo cod
(Zo\'94l.), a large, edible, marine fish
(Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; --
called also blue cod, and cultus
cod. -- Buffalo fish
(Zo\'94l.), one of several large fresh-water
fishes of the family Catostomid\'91, of the
Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (Ictiobus
bubalus), the big-mouthed or black (Bubalichthys
urus), and the small-mouthed (B. altus), are
among the more important species used as food. --
Buffalo fly, Buffalo gnat
(Zo\'94l.), a small dipterous insect of the genus
Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is
often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi
valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing
large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly
is a species with similar habits. -- Buffalo
grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet
grass (Buchlo\'89 dactyloides), from two to four
inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or
bisons, feed. [U.S.] -- Buffalo nut
(Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an
American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub
itself; oilnut. -- Buffalo robe, the skin of
the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much
used as a lap robe in sleighs.
<-- p. 189 -->
Buf"fel duck (?). [See
Buffalo.] (Zo\'94l.) A small duck
(Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or
butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous
elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also
bufflehead.
Buff"er (?), n. [Prop a
striker. See Buffet a blow.]
1. (Mech.) (a) An elastic
apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the
collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a
railroad car. (b) A pad or cushion
forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; --
sometimes called buffing apparatus.
2. One who polishes with a buff.
3. A wheel for buffing; a buff.
4. A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; -- usually
said of an elderly man. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
Buff"er*head` (?), n. The head
of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad
carriages.
Buf*fet" (?), n. [F.
buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin;
perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the
root meaning to puff, hence (cf. puffed up)
the idea of ostentation or display.] 1. A
cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side
of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a
sideboard.
Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride
Turns you from sound philosophy aside.
Pope.
2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a
railroad station, or place of public gathering.
Buf"fet (?), n. [OE.
buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a
slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow,
cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff; prob. akin to E.
puff. For the meaning slap,
blow, cf. F. soufflet a slap,
souffler to blow. See Puff, v. i.,
and cf. Buffet sidebroad, Buffoon]
1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a
cuff.
When on his cheek a buffet fell.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A blow from any source, or that which affects
like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an
adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity.
Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to
brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay.
Burke.
Fortune's buffets and rewards.
Shak.
3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or
counter.
Go fetch us a light buffet.
Townely Myst.
Buf"fet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Buffeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Buffeting.] [OE. buffeten,
OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.]
1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to
beat; to cuff; to slap.
They spit in his face and buffeted him.
Matt. xxvi. 67.
2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly;
to strive with or contend against; as, to buffet the
billows.
The sudden hurricane in thunder roars,
Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores.
Broome.
You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own,
instead of being buffeted about the world.
W. Black.
3. [Cf. Buffer.] To deaden the
sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.
Buf"fet, v. i. 1. To exercise
or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to
contend.
If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse
for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher.
Shak.
2. To make one's way by blows or struggling.
Strove to buffet to land in vain.
Tennyson.
Buf"fet*er (?), n. One who
buffets; a boxer.
Jonson.
Buf"fet*ing, n. 1. A striking
with the hand.
2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of
winds or waves; afflictions; adversity.
He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted
to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm.
Wirt.
Buf"fin (?), n. [So called from
resembling buff /eather.] A sort of
coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns.
[Obs.]
Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus (?). See
Buffer, 1.
Buf"fle (?), n. [OE., from F.
buffle. See Buffalo.] The
buffalo. [Obs.]
Sir T. Herbert.
Buf"fle, v. i. To puzzle; to be at a
loss. [Obs.]
Swift.
Buf"fle*head` (?), n.
[Buffle + head.] 1.
One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow.
[Obs.]
What makes you stare so, bufflehead?
Plautus (trans. 1694).
2. (Zo\'94l.) The buffel duck. See
Buffel duck.
Buf"fle-head`ed, a. Having a large head,
like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering.
[Obs.]
So fell this buffle-headed giant.
Gayton.
\'d8Buf"fo (?), n.masc. [It.
See Buffoon.] (Mus.) The comic
actor in an opera.
Buf*foon" (?), n. [F.
bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo,
buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr.
bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out
their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See
Buffet a blow.] A man who makes a practice of
amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a
mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.
Buf*foon" (?), a.
Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon.
\'bdBuffoon stories.\'b8
Macaulay.
To divert the audience with buffoon postures and
antic dances.
Melmoth.
Buf*foon", v. i. To act the part of a
buffoon. [R.]
Buf*foon", v. t. To treat with
buffoonery.
Glanvill.
Buf*foon"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Buffooneries (#). [F.
bouffonnerie.] The arts and practices of a
buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and
postures.
Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart
piece of buffoonery with a \'bdWhat makes you
blush?\'b8
Spectator.
Buf*foon"ish, a. Like a buffoon;
consisting in low jests or gestures.
Blair.
Buf*foon"ism (?), n. The
practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.
Buf*foon"ly, a. Low; vulgar.
[R.]
Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse.
Goodman.
Buff"y (?), a. (Med.)
Resembling, or characterized by, buff.
Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood
when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum
appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions
where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser
masses than usual.
Huxley.
\'d8Bu"fo (?), n. [L.
bufo a toad.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus
of Amphibia including various species of toads.
Bu"fon*ite (?), n. [L.
bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.]
(Paleon.) An old name for a fossil consisting of
the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the
family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the
o\'94lite and chalk formations; toadstone; -- so named from a
notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.
Bug (?), n. [OE.
bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan,
hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey,
Boggle.] 1. A bugbear; anything
which terrifies. [Obs.]
Sir, spare your threats:
The bug which you would fright me with I seek.
Shak.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A general name applied to
various insects belonging to the Hemiptera; as, the squash
bug; the chinch bug, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) An insect of the genus
Cimex, especially the bedbug (C.
lectularius). See Bedbug.
4. (Zo\'94l.) One of various species of
Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug,
etc.; loosely, any beetle.
5. (Zo\'94l.) One of certain kinds of
Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait
bug; salve bug, etc.
bug, when not joined
with some qualifying word, is used specifically for
bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in
America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England.
\'bdGod's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug
that creeps.\'b8 Rogers (Naaman). \'bdThis
bug with gilded wings.\'b8 Pope.
Bait bug. See under Bait. --
Bug word, swaggering or threatening language.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
{ Bug`a*boo" (?), Bug"bear`
} (?), n. [See
Bug.] Something frightful, as a specter;
anything imaginary that causes needless fright; something used to
excite needless fear; also, something really dangerous, used to
frighten children, etc. \'bdBugaboos to fright
ye.\'b8
Lloyd.
But, to the world no bugbear is so great
As want of figure and a small estate.
Pope.
The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray.
S. B. Griffin.
The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl.
J. Burroughs.
Syn. -- Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.
Bug"bane` (?), n. (Bot.)
A perennial white-flowered herb of the order
Ranunculace\'91 and genus Cimiciguga;
bugwort. There are several species.
Bug"bear` (?), n. Same as
Bugaboo. -- a. Causing
needless fright.
Locke.
Bug"bear`, v. t. To alarm with idle
phantoms.
Bug"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The menhaden.
[U.S.]
Bug"ger (?), n. [F.
bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and
also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected
with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called
heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries
there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore
thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to
heretics.] 1. One guilty of buggery or
unnatural vice; a sodomite.
2. A wretch; -- sometimes used humorously or in
playful disparagement. [Low]
Bug"ger*y (?), n. [OF.
bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See
Bugger.] Unnatural sexual intercourse;
sodomy.
Bug"gi*ness (?), n. [From
Buggy, a.] The state of being
infested with bugs.
Bug"gy (?), a. [From
Bug.] Infested or abounding with bugs.
Bug"gy, n.; pl.
Buggies. 1. A light one horse
two-wheeled vehicle. [Eng.]
Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race
in a buggy.
Beaconsfield.
2. A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one
seat, and with or without a calash top. [U.S.]
Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a seat for
the driver. -- Buggy plow, a plow, or set of
plows, having a seat for the driver; -- called also
sulky plow.
Bu"gle (?), n. [OE.
bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle,
fr. L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of
bos ox. See Cow the animal.] A
sort of wild ox; a buffalo.
E. Phillips.
Bu"gle, n. [See Bugle a wild
ox.] 1. A horn used by hunters.
2. (Mus.) A copper instrument of the
horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet,
sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very
rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; -- called
also the Kent bugle.
Bu"gle, n. [LL. bugulus a
woman's ornament: cf. G. b\'81gel a bent piece of
metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegen to bend,
E. bow to bend.] An elingated glass bead,
of various colors, though commonly black.
Bu"gle, a. [From Bugle a
bead.] Jet black. \'bdBugle
eyeballs.\'b8
Shak.
Bu"gle, n. [F. bugle; cf. It.
bugola, L. bugillo.]
(Bot.) A plant of the genus Ajuga of
the Mint family, a native of the Old World.
Yellow bugle, the Ajuga
cham\'91pitys.
Bu"gled (?), a. Ornamented with
bugles.
Bu"gle horn` (?). 1. A
bugle.
One blast upon his bugle horn
Were worth a thousand men.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A drinking vessel made of horn.
[Obs.]
And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine.
Chaucer.
Bu"gler (?), n. One who plays
on a bugle.
Bu"gle*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the Mint family and genus
Lycopus; esp. L. Virginicus,
which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is
sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.
Bu"gloss (?), n.; pl.
Buglosses (#). [F.
buglosse, L. buglossa,
buglossus, fr. Gr. / oxtongue / ox + /
tongue.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus
Anchusa, and especially the A. officinalis,
sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue.
Small wild bugloss, the Asperugo
procumbens and the Lycopsis arvensis. --
Viper's bugloss, a species of
Echium.
Bug"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
Bugbane.
{ Buhl (?), Buhl"work }
(?), n. [From A.Ch.Boule, a
French carver in wood.] Decorative woodwork in which
tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid,
forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also
boule, boulework.]
Buhl"buhl (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bulbul.
Buhr"stone` (?), n. [OE.
bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.)
A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones.
[Written also burrstone.]
Build (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Built (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Building. The regular
imp. & p. p. Builded is
antiquated.] [OE. bulden,
bilden, AS. byldan to build, fr.
bold house; cf. Icel. b\'d3l farm, abode,
Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol,
b\'94le, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel.
b/a to dwell; akin to E. be,
bower, boor. 1.
To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind;
to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to
fabricate; to make; to raise.
Nor aught availed him now
To have built in heaven high towers.
Milton.
2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form,
establish, or produce by using appropriate means.
Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks.
Shak.
3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the
power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; --
frequently with up; as, to build up one's
constitution.
I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is
able to build you up.
Acts xx. 32.
Syn. -- To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.
Build (?), v. i. 1. To
exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.
2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground
one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed
reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or
advice of others.
Build, n. Form or mode of construction;
general figure; make; as, the build of a
ship.
Build"er (?), n. One who
builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a
shipwright, or a mason.
In the practice of civil architecture, the builder
comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans
who execute it.
Eng. Cyc.
Build"ing, n. 1. The act of
constructing, erecting, or establishing.
Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no
faster.
Bp. Hall.
2. The art of constructing edifices, or the
practice of civil architecture.
The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes
building; but building is frequently
employed when the result is not architectural.
Hosking.
3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice
constructed, as a house, a church, etc.
Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire
Have cost a mass of public treasury.
Shak.
Built (?), n. Shape; build;
form of structure; as, the built of a
ship. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Built, a. Formed; shaped; constructed;
made; -- often used in composition and preceded by the word
denoting the form; as, frigate-built,
clipper-built, etc.
Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly
built.
Landor.
Buke" mus"lin (?). See Book
muslin.
\'d8Buk"shish (?), n. See
Backsheesh.
\'d8Bu"lau (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian
insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii), somewhat
like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.
<-- p. 190 -->
Bulb (?), n. [L.
bulbus, Gr. /: cf. F. bulbe.]
1. (Bot.) A spheroidal body growing from
a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which
is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of
partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem
above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs
from a corm in not being solid.
2. (Anat.) A name given to some parts
that resemble in shape certain bulbous roots; as, the
bulb of the aorta.
Bulb of the eye, the eyeball. --
Bulb of a hair, the \'bdroot,\'b8 or part whence
the hair originates. -- Bulb of the spinal cord,
the medulla oblongata, often called simply
bulb. -- Bulb of a tooth, the
vascular and nervous papilla contained in the cavity of the
tooth.
3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube,
as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as
spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc.
Tomlinson.
Bulb, v. i. To take the shape of a bulb;
to swell.
Bul*ba"ceous (?), a. [L.
bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.]
Bulbous.
Jonson.
Bulb"ar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the
bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as,
bulbar paralysis.
Bulbed (?), a. Having a bulb;
round-headed.
Bulb"el (?), n. [Dim., fr.
bulb, n.] (Bot.) A separable
bulb formed on some flowering plants.
Bul*bif"er*ous (?), a.
[Bulb,n.+ -ferous: cf. F.
bulbif\'8are.] (Bot.) Producing
bulbs.
Bulb"let (?), n.
[Bulb,n.+ -let.]
(Bot.) A small bulb, either produced on a larger
bulb, or on some a\'89rial part of a plant, as in the axils of
leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds
of onion.
Bul*bose" (?), a.
Bulbous.
Bul"bo-tu`ber (?), n.
[Bulb,n.+ tuber.]
(Bot.) A corm.
Bulb"ous (?), a. [L.
bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See
Bulb, n.] Having or containing
bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or
structure.
\'d8Bul"bul (?), n.
[Per.] (Zo\'94l.) The Persian
nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also
applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family
Timaliid\'91. The green bulbuls belong to the
Chloropsis and allied genera. [Written
also buhlbuhl.]
Bul"bule (?), n. [L.
bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See
Bulb, n.] A small bulb; a
bulblet.
Bul"chin (?), n. [Dim. of
bull.] A little bull.
Bulge (?), n. [OE.
bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belgan to swell,
OSw. bulgja, Icel. b\'d3lginn swollen, OHG.
belgan to swell, G. bulge leathern sack,
Skr. b/h to be large, strong; the root meaning
to swell. Cf. Bilge, Belly,
Billow, Bouge, n.] 1.
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.
2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward,
esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a
wall.
3. (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. See
Bilge, 2.
Bulge ways. (Naut.) See Bilge
ways.
Bulge, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bulged (/); p. pr. &
vb.n. Bulging.] 1. To
swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to
pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall
bulges.
2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder.
And scattered navies bulge on distant shores.
Broome.
Bul"gy (?), a. Bulged; bulging;
bending, or tending to bend, outward.
[Colloq.]
{ \'d8Bu*lim"i*a (?), Bu"li*my
(?), } n. [NL. bulimia,
fr. Gr. /, lit., ox-hunger; / ox + / hunger: cf. F.
boulimie.] (Med.) A disease in
which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a
diseased and voracious appetite.
\'d8Bu*li"mus (?), n. [L.
bulimus hunger. See Bulimy.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails having an
elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are
numerous ingabundant in tropical America.
Bulk (?), n. [OE.
bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan.
bulk lump, clod, OSw. bolk crowd, mass,
Icel. b/lkast to be bulky. Cf. Boll,
n., Bile a boil, Bulge,
n.] 1. Magnitude of material
substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great
bulk.
Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred
ships; not so great of bulk indeed, but of a more
nimble motion, and more serviceable.
Bacon.
2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal
portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a
debt.
The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them,
\'bdto obtain what by labor can be obtained.\'b8
J. Morley.
3. (Naut.) The cargo of a vessel when
stowed.
4. The body. [Obs.]
Shak.
My liver leaped within my bulk.
Turbervile.
Barrel bulk. See under Barrel.
-- To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to
unload or more the cargo. -- In bulk, in a
mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into
separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be
taken or sold. -- Laden in bulk,
Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in
the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. --
Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without
weight or measure.
Syn. -- Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness;
largeness; massiveness.
Bulk (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bulked (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bulking.] To
appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.
The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for
the moment.
Leslie Stephen.
Bulk, n. [Icel. b\'belkr a
beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. &
v.] A projecting part of a building.
[Obs.]
Here, stand behind this bulk.
Shak.
Bulk"er (?), n. (Naut.)
A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in
order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.
Bulk"head` (?), n. [See
Bulk part of a building.] 1.
(Naut.) A partition in a vessel, to separate
apartments on the same deck.
2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the
pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in
a mine; the limiting wall along a water front.
Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must
not project; -- usually, the harbor line.
Bulk"i*ness (?), n. Greatness
in bulk; size.
Bulk"y (?), a. Of great bulk or
dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as,
bulky volumes.
A bulky digest of the revenue laws.
Hawthorne.
Bull (?), n. [OE.
bule, bul, bole; akin to D.
bul, G. bulle, Icel. boli, Lith.
bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ.
vol'; prob. fr. the root of AS. bellan, E.
bellow.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
The male of any species of cattle (Bovid\'91);
hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also,
the male of the whale.
wild bull of the Old Testament is
thought to be the oryx, a large species of antelope.
2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in
character or action.
Ps. xxii. 12.
3. (Astron.) (a) Taurus, the
second of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b)
A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It
contains the Pleiades.
At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun,
And the bright Bull receives him.
Thomson.
4. (Stock Exchange) One who operates in
expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to
effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n.,
5.
Bull baiting, the practice of baiting bulls,
or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack
them. -- John Bull, a humorous name for the
English, collectively; also, an Englishman.
\'bdGood-looking young John Bull.\'b8 W.
D.Howells. -- To take the bull by the horns,
to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding
it.
Bull, a. Of or pertaining to a bull;
resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.
Bull bat (Zo\'94l.), the night
hawk; -- so called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on
the wing, in the evening. -- Bull calf.
(a) A stupid fellow. -- Bull
mackerel (Zo\'94l.), the chub mackerel.
-- Bull pump (Mining), a direct
single-acting pumping engine, in which the steam cylinder is
placed above the pump. -- Bull snake
(Zo\'94l.), the pine snake of the United
States. -- Bull stag, a castrated bull. See
Stag. -- Bull wheel, a wheel, or
drum, on which a rope is wound for lifting heavy articles, as
logs, the tools in well boring, etc.
Bull, v. i. To be in heat; to manifest
sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.]
Bull, v. t. (Stock Exchange)
To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to
bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to
bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in;
as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull,
n., 4.
Bull, n. [OE. bulle, fr. L.
bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F.
bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a
ball, Boil, v. i.] 1. A
seal. See Bulla.
2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope,
written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a
bulla, and dated \'bda die Incarnationis,\'b8 i. e.,
\'bdfrom the day of the Incarnation.\'b8 See Apostolical
brief, under Brief.
A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible
the court of Rome was in the point of abuses.
Atterbury.
3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent
congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of
expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity
between the dictatorial nature of the pope's bulls and
his professions of humility.
And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic,
it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls,
as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic
schimatic.
Milton.
The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial
constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing
what became the fundamental law of the German empire; -- so
called from its golden seal.
Syn. -- See Blunder.
\'d8Bul"la (?), n.; pl.
Bull\'91 (/). [L.
bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]
1. (Med.) A bleb; a vesicle, or an
elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery
fluid.
2. (Anat.) The ovoid prominence below
the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the
tympanic or auditory bulla.
3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round
leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a
representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the
name of the pope who uses it.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine shells.
See Bubble shell.
Bul"lace (?), n. [OE.
bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of
Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael.
bulaistear.] (Bot.) (a)
A small European plum (Prunus communis, var.
insitita). See Plum. (b)
The bully tree.
Bul*lan"tic (?), a. [See
Bull an edict.] Pertaining to, or used in,
papal bulls.
Fry.
Bullantic letters, Gothic letters used in
papal bulls.
Bul"la*ry (?), n. [LL.
bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See
Bull an edict.] A collection of papal
bulls.
Bul"la*ry, n.; pl. Bullaries
(#). [Cf. Boilary.] A
place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery.
Crabb.
And certain salt fats or bullaries.
Bills in Chancery.
Bul"late (?), a. [L.
bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.]
(Biol.) Appearing as if blistered; inflated;
puckered.
Bullate leaf (Bot.), a leaf, the
membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered
elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.
Bull"beg`gar (?), n. Something
used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of
weak mind; a bugbear.
And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the
church wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward
children in the parish.
Mountfort (1691).
Bull" bri`er (?). (Bot.) A
species of Smilax (S. Pseudo-China) growing from New
Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and
farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort
of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; --
called also bamboo brier and China
brier.
Bull"comb*er (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A scaraboid beetle; esp. the
Typh\'91us vulgaris of Europe.
Bull"dog` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A variety of dog, of remarkable
ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; -- so named, probably,
from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.
2. (Metal.) A refractory material used
as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag
from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.
Bull"dog`, a. Characteristic of, or
like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage;
bulldog tenacity.
Bulldog bat (zo'94l.), a bat of the
genus Nyctinomus; -- so called from the shape of its
face.
Bull"doze` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bulldozed
(#); p. pr. & vb.n.
Bulldozing.] To intimidate; to restrain
or coerce by intimidation or violence; -- used originally of the
intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana. [Slang,
U.S.]
Bull"do`zer (?), n. One who
bulldozes. [Slang]
Bulled (?), a. [Cf.
Boln.] Swollen. [Obs.]
\'d8Bul"len-bul"len (?), n.
[Native Australian name, from its cry.]
(Zo\'94l.) The lyre bird.
Bul"len-nail` (?), n.
[Bull large, having a large head +
nail.] A nail with a round head and short
shank, tinned and lacquered.
Bul"let (?), n. [F.
boulet, dim. of boule ball. See
Bull an edict, and cf. Boulet.]
1. A small ball.
2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or
elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol,
or other small firearm.
3. A cannon ball. [Obs.]
A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece
being charged with a bullet of stone.
Stow.
4. The fetlock of a horse. [See
Illust. under Horse.]
Bul"let-proof` (?), a. Capable
of resisting the force of a bullet.
Bullet tree. See Bully tree. --
Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet
tree.
Bul"le*tin (?), n. [F.
bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of
bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla,
an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See
Bull an edict.] 1. A brief statement
of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or
the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority
for the information of the public.
2. Any public notice or announcement, especially of
news recently received.
3. A periodical publication, especially one
containing the proceeding of a society.
Bulletin board, a board on which announcements
are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices,
etc.
Bull"faced` (?), a. Having a
large face.
Bull"feast` (?), n. See
Bullfight. [Obs.]
{ Bull"fight` (?), Bull"fight`ing
}, n. A barbarous sport, of great
antiquity, in which men torment, and fight with, a bull or bulls
in an arena, for public amusement, -- still popular in
Spain. -- Bull"fight`er (/),
n.
Bull"finch` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus
Pyrrhula and other related genera, especially the
P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe
allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck,
red.
Crimson-fronted bullfinch. (Zo\'94l.)
See Burion. -- Pine bullfinch,
the pine finch.
{ Bull"fist (?), Bull"fice
} (?), n. [Cf. G.
bofist, AS. wulfes fist puffball, E.
fizz, foist.] (Bot.)
A kind of fungus. See Puffball.
{ Bull" fly` or Bull"fly` }
(?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any large
fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze
flies.
Bull"frog` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A very large species of frog
(Rana Catesbiana), found in North America; -- so named
from its loud bellowing in spring.
Bull"head` (?), n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A fresh-water fish of
many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U.
gobio of Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the
United States; -- called also miller's
thumb. (b) In America, several
species of Amiurus; -- called also
catfish, horned pout, and
bullpout. (c) A marine
fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
black-bellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); -- called
also beetlehead. (b) The
golden plover.
3. A stupid fellow; a lubber.
[Colloq.]
Jonson.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A small black water
insect.
E. Phillips.
Bullhead whiting (Zo\'94l.), the
kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).
<-- p. 191 -->
Bull"head`ed (?), a. Having a
head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate;
dogged.
Bul"lion (?), n. [Cf. OE.
bullyon a hook used for fastening the dress, a button,
stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds,
e.g., on the cover of a book, on bridles or
poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL.
bullio the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold
or silver, fr. L. bulla boss, stud, bubble (see
Bull an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. /.
billon base coin, LL. billio bullion. Cf.
Billon, Billet a stick.] 1.
Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.
bullion, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or
when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in
plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver,
both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass,
including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.
2. Base or uncurrent coin.
[Obs.]
And those which eld's strict doom did disallow,
And damm for bullion, go for current now.
Sylvester.
3. Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or
copper, on bridles, saddles, etc. [Obs.]
The clasps and bullions were worth a thousand
pound.
Skelton.
4. Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or
silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe
whose cords are prominent.
Bul"lion*ist, n. An advocate for a
metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into
gold.
Bul"li*rag (?), v. t. [Cf.
bully,n.& v., and rag to scold,
rail. Cf. Ballarag.] To intimidate by
bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger.
[Low]
Bull"ish (?), a. Partaking of
the nature of a bull, or a blunder.
Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a
toothed sleek stone, and as bullish.
Milton.
Bull"ist, n. [F. bulliste.
See Bull an edict.] A writer or drawer up of
papal bulls. [R.]
Harmar.
Bul*li"tion (?), n. [L.
bullire, bullitum, to boil. See
Boil, v. i.] The action of
boiling; boiling. [Obs.] See
Ebullition.
Bacon.
Bull"-necked` (?), a. Having a
short and thick neck like that of a bull.
Sir W. Scott.
Bul"lock (?), n. [AS.
bulluc a young bull. See Bull.]
1. A young bull, or any male of the ox kind.
Take thy father's young bullock, even the second
bullock of seven years old.
Judges vi. 25.
2. An ox, steer, or stag.
Bul"lock, v. t. To bully.
[Obs.]
She shan't think to bullock and domineer over
me.
Foote.
Bul"lock's-eye` (?), n. See
Bull's-eye, 3.
\'d8Bul"lon (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A West Indian fish (Scarus
Croicensis).
Bull"pout` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Bullhead, 1
(b).
Bull's"-eye` (?), n. 1.
(Naut.) A small circular or oval wooden block
without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it,
used for connecting rigging.
2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center,
supposed by sailors to portend a storm.
3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck,
roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light.
4. A circular or oval opening for air or
light.
5. A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side
for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens
itself.
Dickens.
6. (Astron.) Aldebaran, a bright star in
the eye of Taurus or the Bull.
7. (Archery & Gun.) The center of a
target.
8. A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by
the end of the pipe through which it was blown.
9. A small and thick old-fashioned watch.
[Colloq.]
Bull's"-nose` (?), n.
(Arch.) An external angle when obtuse or
rounded.
Bull" ter"ri*er (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the
terrier.
Bull" trout` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
(a) In England, a large salmon trout of several
species, as Salmo trutta and S. Cambricus,
which ascend rivers; -- called also sea
trout. (b) Salvelinus
malma of California and Oregon; -- called also
Dolly Varden trout and red-spotted
trout. (c) The huso or salmon of
the Danube.
Bull"weed` (?), n.
[Bole a stem + weed.]
(Bot.) Knapweed.
Prior.
Bull"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
See Bishop's-weed.
Bul"ly (?), n.; pl.
Bullies (/). [Cf. LG.
bullerjaan, bullerb\'84k,
bullerbrook, a blusterer, D. bulderaar a
bluster, bulderen to bluster; prob. of imitative
origin; or cf. MHG. buole lover, G.
buhle.] 1. A noisy, blustering
fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and
quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow.
Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal
in.
Palmerston.
2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang
Obs.]
Shak.
Bul"ly (?), a. 1.
Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang]
\'bdBless thee, bully doctor.\'b8
Shak.
2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully
horse. [Slang, U.S.]
Bul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bullied (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Bullying.] To intimidate with
threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the
part of a bully toward.
For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of
volunteers gone over to bully the French, upon hearing
the peace was just signing.
Tatler.
Syn. -- To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.
Bul"ly, v. i. To act as a bully.
Bul"ly*rag (?), v. t. Same as
Bullirag.
Bul"ly*rock` (?), n. A
bully. [Slang Obs.]
Shak.
Bul"ly tree` (?). (Bot.) The
name of several West Indian trees of the order
Sapotace\'91, as Dipholis nigra and species
of Sapota and Mimusops. Most of them yield
a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.
Bul"rush` (?), n. [OE.
bulrysche, bolroysche; of uncertain origin,
perh. fr. bole stem + rush.]
(Bot.) A kind of large rush, growing in wet land
or in water.
bulrush is applied in England
especially to the cat-tail (Typha latifolia and
T. angustifolia) and to the lake club-rush
(Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus
effusus, and also to species of Scirpus or
club-rush.
\'d8Bulse (?), n. A purse or
bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc.
[India]
Macaulay.
Bul"tel (?), n. [LL.
bultellus. See Bolt to sift.] A
bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Obs.]
Bul"ti (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Bolty.
Bul"tow` (?), n. A trawl; a
boulter; the mod/ of fishing with a boulter or spiller.
Bul"wark (?), n. [Akin to D.
bolwerk, G. bollwerk, Sw.
bolwerk, Dan. bolv\'84rk,
bulv\'84rk, rampart; akin to G. bohle
plank, and werk work, defense. See Bole stem,
and Work, n., and cf.
Boulevard.] 1. (Fort.) A
rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.
2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends
from attack; any means of defense or protection.
The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense,
. . . the floating bulwark of our island.
Blackstone.
3. pl. (Naut.) The sides of
a ship above the upper deck.
Syn. -- See Rampart.
Bul"wark, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bulwarked (/); p. pr. &
vb.n. Bulwarking.]
To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by
fortification; to protect.
Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed
With rising towers.
Glover.
Bum (?), n. [Contr. fr.
bottom in this sense.] The buttock.
[Low]
Shak.
Bum, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bummed (/); p. pr. &
vb.n. Bumming (/).]
[See Boom, v. i., to roar.]
To make murmuring or humming sound.
Jamieson.
Bum, n. A humming noise.
Halliwell.
Bum"bail"iff (?), n. [A
corruption of bound bailiff.] [Low,
Eng.] See Bound bailiff, under
Bound, a.
Bum"bard (?). See Bombard.
[Obs.]
Bum"barge` (?), n. See
Bumboat.
Carlyle.
Bum"bast (?). See Bombast.
[Obs.]
Bum"be*lo (?), n.; pl.
Bumbeloes (#). [It.
bombola.] A glass used in subliming
camphor. [Spelled also bombolo and
bumbolo.]
Bum"ble (?), n. [See
Bump to boom.] (Zo\'94l.) The
bittern. [Local, Eng.]
Bum"ble, v. i. To make a hollow or
humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to cry as a
bittern.
As a bittern bumbleth in the mire.
Chaucer.
Bum"ble*bee` (?), n. [OE.
bumblen to make a humming noise (dim. of
bum, v.i.) + bee. Cf.
Humblebee.] (Zo\'94l.) A large bee
of the genus Bombus, sometimes called
humblebee; -- so named from its sound.
Bum"boat` (?), n. [From
bum the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or
fr. D. bun a box for holding fish in a boat.]
(Naut.) A clumsy boat, used for conveying
provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or
off shore.
Bum"kin (?), n.
[Boom a beam + -kin. See
Bumpkin.] (Naut.) A projecting
beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a
vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack
bumpkin. (b) Onr from each quarter, for the
main-brace blocks, and called brace bumpkin.
(c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to
extend the mizzen. [Written also
boomkin.]
\'d8Bum"ma*lo (?), n. [Native
name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine Asiatic
fish (Saurus ophidon) used in India as a relish; --
called also Bombay duck.
Bum"mer (?), n. An idle,
worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a
dissipated sponger. [Slang, U.S.]
Bum"me*ry (?), n. See
Bottomery. [Obs.]
There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief
against a bummery bond.
R. North.
Bump (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bumped (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bumping.]
[Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to
thump, bang, and E. bum, v.i., boom to
roar.] To strike, as with or against anything large or
solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a
wall.
Bump, v. i. To come in violent contact
with something; to thump. \'bdBumping and
jumping.\'b8
Southey.
Bump (?), n. [From
Bump to strike, to thump.] 1. A
thump; a heavy blow.
2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump
or blow; a protuberance.
It had upon its brow
A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone.
Shak.
3. (Phren.) One of the protuberances on
the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or
affections of the mind; as, the bump of
\'bdveneration;\'b8 the bump of
\'bdacquisitiveness.\'b8 [Colloq.]
4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in
advance with the prow of the boat following.
[Eng.]
Bump, v. i. [See Boom to
roar.] To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the
bittern; to boom.
As a bittern bumps within a reed.
Dryden.
Bump, n. The noise made by the
bittern.
Bum"per (?), n. [A corruption
of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking
vessel.] 1. A cup or glass filled to the
brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a
health or toast.
He frothed his bumpers to the brim.
Tennyson.
2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of
some favorite performer. [Cant]
Bump"er (?), n. 1.
That which bumps or causes a bump.
2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or
shock; a buffer.
Bump"kin (?), n. [The same word
as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines thus:
\'bdBumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long
and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle
are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde.\'b8 Hence, a clumsy
man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf.
OD. boomken a little tree. See Boom a
pole.] An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a
country lout. \'bdBashful country bumpkins.\'b8
W. Irving.
Bump"tious (?), a.
Self-conceited; forward; pushing.
[Colloq.]
Halliwell.
Bump"tious*ness, n. Conceitedness.
[Colloq.]
{ Bun, Bunn } (?),
n. [Scot. bun, bunn, OE.
bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir.
bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF.
bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a kind of
pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG.
bunge, Prov. E. bung heap, cluster,
bunny a small swelling.] A slightly
sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk
on the top crust.
Bunch (?), n. [Akin to OSw. &
Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap, pile,
bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng
cluster. Cf. Bunk.] 1. A
protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.
They will carry . . . their treasures upon the
bunches of camels.
Isa. xxx. 6.
2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of
things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a
bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys.
3. (Mining) A small isolated mass of
ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein.
Page.
Bunch, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Buncheder> (/); p. pr. & vb.n.
Bunchinger>.] To swell out into a bunch
or protuberance; to be protuberant or round.
Bunching out into a large round knob at one
end.
Woodward.
Bunch, v. t. To form into a bunch or
bunches.
Bunch"-backed` (?), a. Having a
bunch on the back; crooked. \'bdBunch-backed
toad.\'b8
Shak.
Bunch"ber`ry (?), n.
(Bot.) The dwarf cornel (Cornus
Canadensis), which bears a dense cluster of bright red,
edible berries.
Bunch" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California,
Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and
several kinds of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In
Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a good bunch grass.
Bunch"i*ness (?), n. The
quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.
Bunch"y (?), a. 1.
Swelling out in bunches.
An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled.
Phaer.
2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch;
having tufts; as, the bird's bunchy tail.
3. (Mining) Yielding irregularly;
sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a bunchy
mine.
Page.
{ Bun"combe, Bun"kum }
(?), n. [Buncombe a country
of North Carolina.] Speech-making for the
gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause;
flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere
show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.]
All that flourish about right of search was bunkum
-- all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was
bunkum . . . slavery speeches are all
bunkum.
Haliburton.
To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show,
or popularly.
na\'8bve old
mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most
western country of North Carolina, near the border of the
adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his
district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was
impatiently calling for the 'Question,' and several
members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved,
however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district
expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for
Buncombe.'\'b8
W. Darlington.
\'d8Bund (?), n. [G.]
League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German
states.
\'d8Bund (?), n. [Hindi
band.] An embankment against
inundation. [India]
S. Wells Williams.
\'d8Bun"der (?), n. [Pers.
bandar a landing place, pier.] A boat or
raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and
goods.
<-- p. 192 -->
\'d8Bun"des*rath` (?), n. [G.,
from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy +
rath council, prob. akin to E. read.]
The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath
and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The
federal council of Switzerland is also so called.
Bundesrath of the German empire is
presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two
members, who represent the different states of the empire, being
appointed for each session by their respective
governments.
By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland,
-- the Bundesrath -- is chosen, and the head of this
is a president.
J. P. Peters (Trans. M\'81ller's Pol. Hist. ).
Bun"dle (?), n. [OE.
bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D.
bondel, bundel, G. b\'81ndel,
dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E.
bind. See Bind.] A number of
things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or
package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a
roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a
bundle of old clothes.
The fable of the rods, which, when united in a
bundle, no strength could bend.
Goldsmith.
Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or
pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it.
Weale.
Bun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p.pos> Bundled (/); p. pr. & vb.n.
Bundling (/).] 1.
To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.
2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony.
They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second
into our own hackney coach.
T. Hook.
To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or
without ceremony. -- To bundle one's self up,
to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.
Bun"dle, v. i. 1. To prepare
for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.
2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; --
applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus
sleeping.
Bartlett.
Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat
pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle
with the Yankee lasses.
W. Irving.
Bung (?), n. [Cf. W.
bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap,
spout, OGael. buine.] 1. The large
stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.
2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through
which it is filled; bunghole.
3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. &
Low]
You filthy bung, away.
Shak.
Bung, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bunged (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bunging (#).] To stop, as the
orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with
up.
To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over
exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action.
[Low]
He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have
spoken these three years.
Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).
Bun"ga*low (?), n. [Bengalee
b\'bengl\'be] A thatched or tiled house or
cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a
veranda. [India]
\'d8Bun"ga*rum (?), n.
[Bungar, the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.) A venomous snake of India, of the
genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a
hood.
Bung"hole` (?), n. See
Bung, n., 2.
Shak.
Bun"gle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bungled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n. Bungling
(#).] [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to
bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to beat, bang,
OSw. bunga. See Bang.] To act or
work in a clumsy, awkward manner.
Bun"gle, v. t. To make or mend clumsily;
to manage awkwardly; to botch; -- sometimes with
up.
I always had an idea that it would be bungled.
Byron.
Bun"gle (?), n. A clumsy or
awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder.
Those errors and bungles which are committed.
Cudworth.
Bun"gler (?), n. A clumsy,
awkward workman; one who bungles.
If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be
shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to
be such!
Barrow.
Bun"gling (?), a. Unskillful;
awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman.
Swift.
They make but bungling work.
Dryden.
Bun"gling*ly, adv. Clumsily;
awkwardly.
Bun"go (?), n. (Naut.)
A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a
kind of boat used in the Southern United States.
Bartlett.
Bun"ion (?), n. (Med.)
Same as Bunyon.
Bunk (?), n. [Cf. OSw.
bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf.
Bunch.] 1. A wooden case or box,
which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at
night. [U.S.]
2. One of a series of berths or bed places in
tiers.
3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to
sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local,
U.S.]
Bunk, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Bunked (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Bunking.] To go to bed in a bunk; --
sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.]
Bartlett.
Bun"ker (?), n. [Scot.
bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest,
serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank,
Bench.]
1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid
of which serves for a seat. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a
coal bunker.
Bun"ko (?), n. [Sf. Sp.
banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards.
Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).] A kind
of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham
lottery. [Written also bunco.]
Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in
bunko. [Slang, U.S.]
Bun"kum (?), n. See
Buncombe.
Bunn (?), n. See
Bun.
Bun"nian (?), n. See
Bunyon.
Bun"ny (?), n. (Mining)
A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or
going out from it.
Bun"ny, n. A pet name for a rabbit or a
squirrel.
{ \'d8Bu`no*don"ta (?),
Bu"no*donts (?), } n. pl.
[NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr. / hill, heap + /,
/, a tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the
herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; -- so
called because the teeth are tuberculated.
{ Bun"sen's bat"ter*y (?), Bun"sen's
burn`er } (?). See under
Battery, and Burner.
Bunt (?), n. (Bot.)
A fungus (Ustilago f\'d2tida) which affects the
ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also
called pepperbrand.
Bunt, n. [Cf. Sw. bunt
bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E.
bundle.] (Naut.) The middle
part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which
is at the center of the yard.
Totten.
Bunt, v. i. (Naut.) To swell
out; as, the sail bunts.
Bunt, v. t. & i. To strike or push with
the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the
boy.
Bun"ter (?), n. A woman who
picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman.
[Cant]
Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff
gowns.
Goldsmith.
Bun"ting (?), n. [Scot.
buntlin, corn-buntlin, OE.
bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus
Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the
finches and sparrows (family Fringillid\'91).
Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E.
hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the
black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American
species are the bay-winged or grass (Po\'94c\'91tes or
Po\'d2cetes gramineus); the black-throated (Spiza
Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink
(Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax
nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See
Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting,
Lark bunting.
{ Bun"ting, Bun"tine }
(?), n. [Prov. E. bunting
sifting flour, OE. bonten to sift, hence prob. the
material used for that purpose.] A thin woolen stuff,
used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.
Bunt"line (?), n. [2d bunt
+ line.] (Naut.) One of the ropes
toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard
the body of the sail when taking it in.
Totten.
{ Bun"yon, Bun"ion } (?),
n. [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small
swelling, fr. OF. bugne, It. bugna,
bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.)
An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac
(one of the burs\'91 muscos\'91), usually occurring on
the first joint of the great toe.
Buoy (?), n. [D.
boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie,
buie, chain, fetter, F. bou\'82e a buoy,
from L. boia. \'bdBoiae genus vinculorum
tam ferreae quam ligneae.\'b8 Festus. So called
because chained to its place.] (Naut.) A
float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a
channel or to point out the position of something beneath the
water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc.
Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking
the position of, an anchor. -- Bell buoy, a
large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion
of the waves. -- Breeches buoy. See under
Breeches. -- Cable buoy, an empty
cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. --
Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler
iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. -- Life
buoy, a float intended to support persons who have
fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save
them. -- Nut Nun
buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering
nearly to a point at each end. -- To stream the
buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side
into the water, before letting go the anchor. --
Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that
is blown by the action of the waves.
Buoy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Buoyed (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Buoying.] 1. To keep from
sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with
up.
2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking
into ruin or despondency.
Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous
mass of his nobility, wealth, and title.
Burke.
3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys;
as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy
off a channel.
Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not
buoyed by this floating weed.
Darwin.
Buoy, v. i. To float; to rise like a
buoy. \'bdRising merit will buoy up at last.\'b8
Pope.
Buoy"age (?), n. Buoys, taken
collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels
into or out of port; the providing of buoys.
Buoy"ance (?), n.
Buoyancy. [R.]
Buoy"an*cy (?), n.; pl.
Buoyancies (/). 1. The
property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid,
as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as
the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.
2. (Physics) The upward pressure exerted
upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of
the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured
by the volume of fluid displaced.
Such are buoyancies or displacements of the
different classes of her majesty's ships.
Eng. Cyc.
3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness;
sprightliness; -- the opposite of heaviness; as,
buoyancy of spirits.
Buoy"ant (?), a. [From
Buoy, v. t. & i.]
1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a
fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant
in mercury. \'bdBuoyant on the flood.\'b8
Pope.
2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body
by being specifically heavier.
The water under me was buoyant.
Dryden.
3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a
buoyant disposition; buoyant
spirits. -- Buoy"ant*ly,
adv.
Bu*pres"ti*dan (?), n. [L.
buprestis, Gr. /, a poisonous beetle, which, being
eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and
die; / ox, cow + / to blow up, swell out.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles, of the
genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with
brilliant metallic colors. The larv\'91 are usually bores in
timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to
trees.
{ Bur, Burr } (?),
n. [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan.
borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh.
akin to E. bristle (burr- for
burz-), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool,
stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, \'bdthe downe, or hairie
coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are
covered,\'b8 fr. L. burrae trifles, LL.
reburrus rough.] 1. (Bot.)
Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants,
whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of
the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs.
Amongst rude burs and thistles.
Milton.
Bur and brake and brier.
Tennyson.
2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or
shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2.
3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See
Burr, n., 4.
4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr,
n., 5.
5. The sweetbread.
6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.
7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular
saw. (b) A triangular chisel.
(c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the
shank; -- used by dentists.
8. [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a
knob, bunch.] (Zo\'94l.) The round knob of
an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written
burr.]
Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and
ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with
ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed
scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its
wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. -- Bur
reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus
Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.
Bur"bolt` (?), n. A
birdbolt. [Obs.]
Ford.
Bur"bot (?), n. [F.
barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st
Barb.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water
fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very
small barbels, and a larger one on the chin.
[Written also burbolt.]
eelpout or
ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota
vulgaris is a common European species. An American species
(L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great
Lakes, and farther north.
Bur`de*lais" (?), n. [F.
bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See
Bordelais.] A sort of grape.
Jonson.
Bur"den (?), n. [Written also
burthen.] [OE. burden,
burthen, birthen, birden, AS.
byr; akin to Icel. byr, Dan.
byrde, Sw. b\'94rda, G.
b\'81rde, OHG. burdi, Goth.
ba\'a3r/ei, fr. the root of E. bear, AS.
beran, Goth. bairan. \'fb92. See 1st
Bear.] 1. That which is borne or
carried; a load.
Plants with goodly burden bowing.
Shak.
2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty;
that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone,
To all my friends a burden grown.
Swift.
3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo
that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons
burden.
4. (Mining) The tops or heads of
stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.
5. (Metal.) The proportion of ore and
flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.
Raymond.
6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as,
a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.
7. A birth. [Obs. & R.]
Shak.
Beast of burden, an animal employed in
carrying burdens. -- Burden of proof [L.
onus probandi] (Law), the duty of
proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the
performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on
whom the duty is imposed.
Syn. -- Burden, Load. A
burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne;
a load is something laid upon us to be
carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a
difference between the two words. Our burdens may be
of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or
without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our
situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the
consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a
load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or
sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own
families to be a burden; but if to this be added a
load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve
and irksome.
Bur"den, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Burdened (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Burdening (#).]
1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative);
to lay a heavy load upon; to load.
I mean not that other men be eased, and ye
burdened.
2 Cor. viii. 13.
2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to
overload; as, to burden a nation with
taxes.
My burdened heart would break.
Shak.
3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place
as a burden (something heavy or objectionable).
[R.]
It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell.
Coleridge.
Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.
<-- p. 193 -->
Bur"den (?), n. [OE.
burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf.
LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule.
Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.]
1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of
the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence:
That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main
topic; as, the burden of a prayer.
I would sing my song without a burden.
Shak.
2. The drone of a bagpipe.
Ruddiman.
Bur"den, n. [See Burdon.]
A club. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Bur"den*er (?), n. One who
loads; a oppressor.
Bur"den*ous (?), a.
Burdensome. [Obs.]
\'bdBurdenous taxations.\'b8
Shak.
Bur"den*some (?), a. Grievous
to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.
The debt immense of endless gratitude
So burdensome.
Milton.
Syn. -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous;
oppressive; troublesome.
-- Bur"den*some*ly, adv. --
Bur"den*some*ness, n.
Bur"dock (?), n.
[Bur + dock the plant.]
(Bot.) A genus of coarse biennial herbs
(Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously
to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.
burdock is the Lappa
officinalis.
Bur"don (?), n. [See
Bourdon.] A pilgrim's staff.
[Written also burden.]
Rom. of R.
Bu"reau (?), n.; pl. E.
Bureaus (#), F. Bureaux
(#). [F. bureau a writing table,
desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often
covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF.
buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its
color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. / flame-colored,
prob. fr. / fire. See Fire, n., and cf.
Borel, n.] 1. Originally,
a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.
Swift.
2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office
where business requiring writing is transacted.
3. Hence: A department of public business requiring
a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who
labor under the direction of a chief.
bureaux; as, the
Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England
and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate
departments; as, the \'bdPension Bureau,\'b8 a
subdepartment of the Department of the Interior.
[Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court
of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's
household.
4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when
made as an ornamental piece of furniture.
[U.S.]
Bureau system. See Bureaucracy.
-- Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest
of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels
all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to
Paris in 1830, and re\'89stablished in Brussels in
1870.
Bu*reau"cra*cy (?), n.
[Bureau + Gr. / to be strong, to govern, /
strength: cf. F. bureaucratie.] 1.
A system of carrying on the business of government by means
of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in
contradiction to a system in which the officers of government
have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government
conducted on this system.
2. Government officials, collectively.
Bu*reau"crat (?), n. An
official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and
arbitrary routine.
C. Kingsley.
{ Bu`reau*crat"ic (?),
Bu`reau*crat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. bureaucratique.] Of, relating
to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.
Bu*reau"cra*tist (?), n. An
advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.
Bur"el (?), n. & a. Same as
Borrel.
\'d8Bu*rette" (?), n. [F., can,
cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.)
An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or
for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or
discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube,
usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.
Bur" fish` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A
spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United
States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the
power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble
a chestnut bur; -- called also ball fish,
balloon fish, and
swellfish.
Burg (?), n. [AS.
burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See
1st Borough.] 1. A fortified
town. [Obs.]
2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st
Borough.
Burg"age (?), n. [From
Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL.
burgagium.] (Eng. Law) A tenure
by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a
borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services
relating to trade or handicraft.
Burrill.
Bur"gall (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish; -- also called
cunner.
Bur"ga*mot (?), n. See
Bergamot.
Bur"ga*net (?), n. See
Burgonet.
Bur"gee (?), n. 1. A
kind of small coat.
2. (Naut.) A swallow-tailed flag; a
distinguishing pen/ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant
vessels.
Bur*geois" (?), n.
(Print.) See 1st Bourgeous.
\'d8Bur*geois" (?), n. A
burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois.
[R.]
Addison.
Bur"geon (?), v. i. To bud. See
Bourgeon.
Bur"gess (?), n. [OE.
burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr.
burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village,
fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG.
burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough,
and cf. 2d Bourgeois.] 1. An
inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a
tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough.
Blackstone.
burgess of a borough corresponds
with a citizen of a city.\'b8
Burrill.
2. One who represents a borough in
Parliament.
3. A magistrate of a borough.
4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to
vote for municipal officers.
burgesses; they are now called
delegates.
Burgess oath. See Burgher,
2.
Bur"gess-ship (?), n. The state
of privilege of a burgess.
South.
Burg"grave (?), n. [G.
burggraf; burg fortress + graf
count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See
Margrave.] (Gremany) Originally,
one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or
castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain
attached.
Burgh (?), n. [OE. See
Burg.] A borough or incorporated town,
especially, one in Scotland. See Borough.
Burgh"al (?), a. Belonging of a
burgh.
Burgh"bote` (?), n.
[Burgh + bote.] (Old
Law) A contribution toward the building or repairing
of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.
Burgh"brech` (?), n.
[Burgh + F. br\'8ache, equiv. to E.
breach.] (AS. Law) The offense
of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to
keep the peace; breach of the peace.
Burrill.
Burgh"er (?), n. [From
burgh; akin to D. burger, G.
b\'81rger, Dan. borger, Sw.
borgare. See Burgh.] 1. A
freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges
of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of that party,
among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the
burgess oath (in which burgesses profess \'bdthe true religion
professed within the realm\'b8), the opposite party being called
antiburghers.
Burgh"er*mas`ter (?), n. See
Burgomaster.
Burgh"er*ship (?), n. The state
or privileges of a burgher.
Burgh"mas`ter (?), n. 1.
A burgomaster.
2. (Mining) An officer who directs and
lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; -- called also
bailiff, and
barmaster. [Eng.]
Burgh"mote` (?), n. (AS.
Law) [Burgh + mote
meeting.] A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a
borough court held three times yearly.
Bur"glar (?), n. [OE.
burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL.
burgus (of German origin) + OF. lere thief,
fr. L. latro. See Borough, and
Larceny.] (Law) One guilty of the
crime of burglary.
Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a
door or window is opened from without.
Bur"glar*er (?), n. A
burglar. [Obs.]
Bur*gla"ri*ous (?), a.
Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of
burglary.
To come down a chimney is held a burglarious
entry.
Blackstone.
Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly, adv. With an intent
to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.
Blackstone.
Bur"gla*ry (?), n.; pl.
Burglaries (/). [Fr.
Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.]
(Law) Breaking and entering the dwelling house of
another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony
therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or
not.
Wharton. Burrill.
burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent
into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings
than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are
established.
Bur"go*mas`ter (?), n. [D.
burgemeester; burg borough +
meester master; akin to G. burgemeister,
b\'81rgermeister. See 1st Borough, and
Master.] 1. A chief magistrate of a
municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding
to mayor in England and the United States; a
burghmaster.
2. (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic bird, the
glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic
regions.
Bur"go*net (?), n. [F.
bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F.
Bouruignons, first used it.] A kind of
helmet. [Written also burganet.]
Shak.
Bur"goo (?), n. [Prov. E.
burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast +
cawl cabbage, gruel.] A kind of oatmeal
pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen. [Written
also burgout.]
Bur"grass` (?), n. (Bot.)
Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and
having burs for fruit.
Bur"grave (?), n. [F.]
See Burggrave.
Bur"gun*dy (?), n. 1.
An old province of France (in the eastern central
part).
2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in
Burgundy, France.
Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared
from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies
excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through
cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first
prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It
has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but
viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.
Burh (?), n. See
Burg. [Obs.]
{ Bur"hel, Burr"hel } (?),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild Himalayan, or
blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).
Bur"i*al (?), n. [OE.
buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS.
byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to
OS. burgisli sepulcher.] 1. A
grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.]
The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and
biriels weren opened.
Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].
2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in
the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with
attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. \'bdTo give a
public burial.\'b8
Shak.
Now to glorious burial slowly borne.
Tennyson.
Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of
iron, made to close air-tight, for the preservation of a dead
body. -- Burial ground, a piece of ground
selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated
to such use by religious ceremonies. -- Burial
place, any place where burials are made. --
Burial service. (a) The religious service
performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service.
(b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an
interment; as, the English burial service.
Syn. -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.
Bur"i*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, buries.
Till the buriers have buried it.
Ezek. xxxix. 15.
And darkness be the burier of the dead.
Shak.
Bu"rin (?), n. [F.
burin, cf. It. burino, bulino;
prob. from OHG. bora borer, bor\'d3n to
bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.]
1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used
in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being
ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the
other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly
shaped tool used by workers in marble.
2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver;
as, a soft burin; a brilliant
burin.
Bu"rin*ist, n. One who works with the
burin.
For. Quart. Rev.
Bu"ri*on (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The red-breasted house sparrow of
California (Carpodacus frontalis); -- called also
crimson-fronted bullfinch.
[Written also burrion.]
Burke (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burkeder>
(/); p. pr. & vb.n.
Burkinger>.] [From one Burke
of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.] 1.
To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of
violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for
dissection.
2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to
suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a
parliamentary question.
The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by
such a mass of a affidavits.
C. Reade.
Burk"ism (?), n. The practice
of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for
dissection.
Burl (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burled
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Burling.] [OE. burle
stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet,
bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll
of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of
bourre. \'fb92. See Bur.] To dress
or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc.,
from, as in finishing cloth.
Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or
tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.
Burl, n. 1. A knot or lump in
thread or cloth.
2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree;
also, veneer made from such excrescences.
Bur"lap (?), n. A coarse
fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer
variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc.
[Written also burlaps.]
Burl"er (?), n. One who burls
or dresses cloth.
Bur*lesque" (?), a. [F.
burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr.
burla jest, mockery, perh. for burrula,
dim. of L. burrae trifles. See Bur.]
Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant
images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of
treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock
gravity; jocular; ironical.
It is a dispute among the critics, whether
burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that
of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras.
Addison.
Bur*lesque" (?), n. 1.
Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque
satire.
Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first
represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other
describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among
the people.
Addison.
2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to
excite laughter, or to ridicule anything.
The dull burlesque appeared with impudence,
And pleased by novelty in spite of sense.
Dryden.
3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty;
a gross perversion.
Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to,
national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and
disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable
perversion of that sacred institute?
Burke.
Syn. -- Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.
Bur*lesque" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burlesqued
(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Burlesquing
(#).] To ridicule, or to make ludicrous
by grotesque representation in action or in language.
They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and
turned the expression he used into ridicule.
Stillingfleet.
Bur*lesque", v. i. To employ
burlesque.
Bur*les"quer (?), n. One who
burlesques.
<-- p. 194 -->
\'d8Bur*let"ta (?), n. [It.,
dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque,
a.] (Mus.) A comic operetta; a
music farce.
Byron.
Bur"li*ness (?), n. Quality of
being burly.
Bur"ly (?), a. [OE.
burlich strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a
lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf.
Bower.] 1. Having a large, strong,
or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used chiefly of human beings,
but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful,
and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky.
\'bdBurly sacks.\'b8
Drayton.
In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat
corpulent and burly.
Sir T. More.
Burly and big, and studious of his ease.
Cowper.
2. Coarse and rough; boisterous.
It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense.
Cowley.
Bur"man (?), n.; pl.
Burmans (/). [\'bdThe softened
modern M'yan-ma, M'yan-ma [native name] is
the source of the European corruption Burma.\'b8
Balfour.], (Ethnol.) A member of
the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also,
sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. --
a. Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to
Burmah.
Bur" mar"i*gold (?). See Beggar's
ticks.
Bur`mese" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. -- n.
sing. & pl. A native or the natives of Burmah. Also
(sing.), the language of the Burmans.
Burn (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burned (/) or
Burnt (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Burning.] [OE. bernen,
brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen,
birnen, v.i., AS. b\'91rnan,
bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS.
brinnan, OFries. barna, berna,
OHG. brinnan, brennan, G.
brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden,
Dan. br\'91nde, Sw. br\'84nna,
brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth.
brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly
to E. fervent.] 1. To consume with
fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; --
frequently intensified by up: as, to burn
up wood. \'bdWe'll burn his body in the holy
place.\'b8
Shak.
2. To injure by fire or heat; to change
destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure
to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to
char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to
burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the
grass.
3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit
to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to
destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to
fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum,
product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in
making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce
charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.
4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by
the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole;
to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a
block.
5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of,
as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does;
as, to burn the mouth with pepper.
This tyrant fever burns me up.
Shak.
This dry sorrow burns up all my tears.
Dryden.
When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the
mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth
the //ass as fire.
Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.
6. (Surg.) To apply a cautery to; to
cauterize.
7. (Chem.) To cause to combine with
oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume;
to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of
carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in
oxygen.
To burn, To burn together,
as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and
unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a
liquid state. -- To burn a bowl (Game of
Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so
displaced being said to be burned. -- To burn
daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste
time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. --
To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into
unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others,
speculation, etc. -- To burn out, to destroy
or obliterate by burning. \'bdMust you with hot irons
burn out mine eyes?\'b8 Shak. -- To be
burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of
one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. --
To burn up, To burn down,
to burn entirely.
Burn, v. i. 1. To be of fire;
to flame. \'bdThe mount burned with fire.\'b8
Deut. ix. 15.
2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of
heat.
Your meat doth burn, quoth I.
Shak.
3. To have a condition, quality, appearance,
sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to
act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively
emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to
burn with fever.
Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked
with us by the way?
Luke xxiv. 32.
The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne,
Burned on the water.
Shak.
Burning with high hope.
Byron.
The groan still deepens, and the combat burns.
Pope.
The parching air
Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire.
Milton.
4. (Chem.) To combine energetically,
with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in
chlorine.
5. In certain games, to approach near to a
concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.]
To burn out, to burn till the fuel is
exhausted. -- To burn up, To burn
down, to be entirely consumed.
Burn, n. 1. A hurt, injury, or
effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.
2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as
in brickmaking; as, they have a good
burn.
3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand,
n., 6.
Burn, n. [See 1st Bourn.]
A small stream. [Scot.]
Burn"a*ble (?), a.
Combustible.
Cotgrave.
Burned (?), p. p. & a. See
Burnt.
Burned (?), p. p.
Burnished. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Burn"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.
2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the
flame is produced.
Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of
burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg,
consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length,
having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom.
Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of
gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly
luminous but intensely hot flame. -- Argand
burner, Rose burner, etc. See under
Argand, Rose, etc.
Bur"net (?), n. [OE.
burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being
named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of
brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of
flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.) A
genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden,
burnet.
Burnet moth (Zo\'94l.), in England,
a handsome moth (Zyg\'91na filipendula), with crimson
spots on the wings. -- Burnet saxifrage.
(Bot.) See Saxifrage. --
Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium
Canadensis). -- Great burnet,
Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba)
oficinalis.
Bur"nett*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burnettized
(/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Burnettizing.] (Manuf.) To
subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a
solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process
invented by Sir William Burnett.
Burn"ie (?), n. [See 4th
Burn.] A small brook.
[Scot.]
Burns.
Bur"nie*bee` (?), n. The
ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]
Burn"ing, a. 1. That burns;
being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.
2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting;
vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal.
Like a young hound upon a burning scent.
Dryden.
Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental
shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson
berry.
Burn"ing, n. The act of consuming by
fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the
state of being on fire or excessively heated.
Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil,
as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of
turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with
alcohol. -- Burning glass, a conxex lens of
considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by
converging the sun's rays to a focus. -- Burning
house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin
ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the
pyrites. Weale. -- Burning mirror,
a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for
the same purpose as a burning glass.
Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.
Bur"nish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Burnished
(#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Burnishing.] [OE.
burnischen, burnissen, burnen,
OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish,
F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG.
br/n; cf. MHG. briunen to make brown,
polish. See Brown, a.] To cause to
shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to
polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to
burnish brass or paper.
The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare
From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air.
Dryden.
Now the village windows blaze,
Burnished by the setting sun.
Cunningham.
Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing
and polishing by compression, as in making paper
collars.
Bur"nish, v. i. To shine forth; to
brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or
filling out; hence, to grow large.
A slender poet must have time to grow,
And spread and burnish as his brothers do.
Dryden.
My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and
swell.
Herbert.
Bur"nish, n. The effect of burnishing;
gloss; brightness; luster.
Crashaw.
Bur"nish*er (?), n. 1.
One who burnishes.
2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or
surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or
polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to
special uses.
{ Bur"noose, Bur"nous }
(?), n. [Ar. burnus a kind of
high-crowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous,
Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood
attached.] 1. A cloaklike garment and hood
woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.
2. A combination cloak and hood worn by
women. [Variously written bournous,
bernouse, bornous, etc.]
Burn"stic`kle (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A stickleback (Gasterosteus
aculeatus).
Burnt (?), p. p. & a. Consumed
with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat;
baked or hardened in the fire or the sun.
Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which
destroys grain. See Smut. -- Burnt
offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as
an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were
a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some
vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called
also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv.
22.]
Burr (?), n. [See
Bur.] (Bot.) 1. A prickly
seed vessel. See Bur, 1.
2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting
or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also,
the rough neck left on a bullet in casting.
The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper,
raises corresponding ridges or burrs.
Tomlinson.
3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet
by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it
is swaged down.
4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below
the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.
5. The lobe or lap of the ear.
6. [Probably of imitative origin.] A
guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by
trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part
of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the
Newcastle, Northumberland, or
Tweedside, burr.
7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See
Bur, n., 8.
Burr (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Burred (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.] To
speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur.
Mrs. Browning.
Bur"rel (?), n. [Cf. OF.
burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or
F. beurr\'82 butter pear, fr. beurre
butter. Cf. Butter.] A sort of pear, called
also the red butter pear, from its smooth,
delicious, soft pulp.
Bur"rel, n. Same as
Borrel.
Bur"rel fly` (?). [From its reddish color.
See 1st Burrel.] (Zo\'94l.) The
botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See
Gadfly.
Bur"rel shot` (?). [Either from annoying
the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F.
bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.)
A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc.,
fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency.
[R.]
Burr"ing ma*chine" (?). A machine for
cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.
Burr" mill"stone` (?). See
Buhrstone.
Bur"ro (?), n. [Sp., an
ass.] (Zo\'94l.) A donkey.
[Southern U.S.]
Bur"rock (?), n. [Perh. from
AS. burg, burh, hill +
-ock.] A small weir or dam in a river to
direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed.
Knight.
Bur"row (?), n. [See 1st
Borough.] 1. An incorporated town.
See 1st Borough.
2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by
certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.
3. (Mining) A heap or heaps of rubbish
or refuse.
4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and
Camp, n., 5.
Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Burrowed (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Burrowing.] 1. To
excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole
excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.
2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or
concealed place; to hide.
Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into
day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another.
Burke.
Burrowing owl (Zo\'94l.), a small
owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto
cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with
the prairie dog.
Bur"row*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and
lives in it.
Burr"stone`, n. See
Buhrstone.
Burr"y (?), a. Abounding in
burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry
wool.
\'d8Bur"sa (?), n.; pl.
Burs\'91 (/). [L. See
Burse.] (Anat.) Any sac or saclike
cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces,
often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons
and bony prominences.
Bur"sal (?), a. (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to a bursa or to burs\'91.
Bur"sar (?), n. [LL.
bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See
Burse, and cf. Purser.] 1.
A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the
bursar of a college, or of a monastery.
2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid
for his complete or partial support.
Bur"sar*ship, n. The office of a
bursar.
Bur"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
-ries (#). [LL.
bursaria. See Bursar.] 1.
The treasury of a college or monastery.
2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a
university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to
pursue his studies. \'bdNo woman of rank or fortune but
would have a bursary in her gift.\'b8
Southey.
\'d8Bursch (?), n.; pl.
Burschen (#). [G., ultimately fr.
LL. bursa. See Burse.] A youth;
especially, a student in a german university.
Burse (?), n. [LL.
bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse,
and cf. Bursch, Purse.] 1.
A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull.
[Obs.]
Holland.
2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of
needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the
beneficiaries. [Scot.]
3. (Eccl.) An ornamental case of hold
the corporal when not in use.
Shipley.
4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the
cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse.
5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.]
She says she went to the burse for patterns.
Old Play.
Bur*sic"u*late (?), a. [See
Burse.] (Bot.) Bursiform.
Bur"si*form (?), a. [LL.
bursa purse + -form.] Shaped
like a purse.
\'d8Bur*si"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. E. bursa + -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of a bursa.
Burst (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Burst; p. pr. &
vb. n. Bursting. The past participle
bursten is obsolete.] [OE.
bersten, bresten, AS. berstan
(pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. b\'91rst,
imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D.
bersten, G. bersten, OHG.
brestan, OS. brestan, Icel.
bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste.
Cf. Brast, Break.] 1. To
fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or
pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force,
or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had
burst; the buds will burst in
spring.
From the egg that soon
Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed
Their callow young.
Milton.
Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a
surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc.
No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak:
And I will speak, that so my heart may burst.
Shak.
2. To exert force or pressure by which something is
made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or
limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or
unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; -- usually with some
qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth,
out, away, into,
upon, through, etc.
Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth.
Milton.
And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms.
Pope.
A resolved villain
Whose bowels suddenly burst out.
Shak.
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
Coleridge.
To burst upon him like an earthquake.
Goldsmith.
<-- p. 195 -->
Burst (?), v. t. 1. To
break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or
pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to
burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to
burst open the doors.
My breast I'll burst with straining of my
courage.
Shak.
2. To break. [Obs.]
You will not pay for the glasses you have
burst?
Shak.
He burst his lance against the sand below.
Fairfax (Tasso).
3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to
burst a hole through the wall.
Bursting charge. See under
Charge.
Burst, n. 1. A sudden breaking
forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst
of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of
passion; a burst of inspiration.
Bursts of fox-hunting melody.
W. Irving.
2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt;
as, a burst of speed.
3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an
expanse. [R.] \'bdA fine burst of
country.\'b8
Jane Austen.
4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.
Burst"en (?), p. p. of
Burst, v. i. [Obs.]
Burst"er (?), n. One that
bursts.
Burst"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant (Herniaria glabra)
supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.
Burt (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]
Bur"then (?), n. & v. t. See
Burden. [Archaic]
Bur"ton (?), n. [Cf. OE. &
Prov. E. bort to press or indent anything.]
(Naut.) A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more
blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in
the bight of the running part.
Bur"y (?), n. [See 1st
Borough.] 1. A borough; a manor;
as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; --
used as a termination of names of places; as,
Canterbury, Shrewsbury.
2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov.
Eng.]
To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's
seat, is called bury, in some parts of England.
Miege.
Bur"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Buried (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Burying
(#).] [OE. burien,
birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin
to beorgan to protect, OHG. bergan, G.
bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga,
Dan. bierge, Goth. ba\'a1rgan.
Burrow.] 1. To cover
out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing
within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to
hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury
the face in the hands.
And all their confidence
Under the weight of mountains buried deep.
Milton.
2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body
of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to
deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies;
to inter; to inhume.
Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father.
Matt. viii. 21.
I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave.
Shak.
3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to
abandon; as, to bury strife.
Give me a bowl of wine
In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius.
Shak.
Burying beetle (Zo\'94l.), the
general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe
Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; -- so called from their
habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth
beneath them. The larv\'91 feed upon decaying flesh, and are
useful scavengers. -- To bury the hatchet, to
lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; -- a phrase
used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American
Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a
peace.
Syn. -- To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover;
conceal; overwhelm; repress.
{ Bur"y*ing ground`, Bur"y*ing place
}. The ground or place for burying the dead; burial
place.
Bus (?), n. [Abbreviated from
omnibus.] An omnibus.
[Colloq.]
Bus"by (?), n.; pl.
Busbies (/). (Mil.) A
military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of
fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the
regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.
\'d8Bus"con (?), n. [Sp., a
searcher, fr. buscar to search.] One who
searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.]
Bush (?), n. [OE.
bosch, busch, buysch,
bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch,
OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel.
b/skr, b/ski, Dan. busk, Sw.
buske, and also to LL. boscus,
buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp.
& Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos.
Whether the LL. or G. form i/ the original is uncertain; if the
LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a
case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet,
Box a case.] 1. A thicket, or place
abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.
bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In
this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies,
especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and
Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.
2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from
or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.
To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling
flowers.
Gascoigne.
3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a
tree; as, bushes to support pea vines.
4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as
sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern
sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern
itself.
If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is
true that a good play needs no epilogue.
Shak.
5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a
fox.
To beat about the bush, to approach anything
in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; -- a
metaphor taken from hunting. -- Bush bean
(Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and
requires no support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety
nanus). See Bean, 1. -- Bush
buck, Bush goat
(Zo\'94l.), a beautiful South African antelope
(Tragelaphus sylvaticus); -- so called because found
mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other
species. -- Bush cat (Zo\'94l.),
the serval. See Serval. -- Bush chat
(Zo\'94l.), a bird of the genus
Pratincola, of the Thrush family. -- Bush
dog. (Zo\'94l.) See Potto. --
Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the
Vocabulary. -- Bush harrow (Agric.)
See under Harrow. -- Bush hog
(Zo\'94l.), a South African wild hog
(Potamoch\'d2rus Africanus); -- called also
bush pig, and water
hog. -- Bush master
(Zo\'94l.), a venomous snake (Lachesis
mutus) of Guinea; -- called also
surucucu. -- Bush pea
(Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be
bushed. -- Bush shrike (Zo\'94l.),
a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied
genera; -- called also batarg. Many species
inhabit tropical America. -- Bush tit
(Zo\'94l.), a small bird of the genus
Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. P.
minimus inhabits California.
Bush (?), v. i. To branch
thickly in the manner of a bush. \'bdThe bushing
alders.\'b8
Pope.
Bush, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Bushed (/); p. pr. & vb.n.
Bushing.] 1. To set bushes
for; to support with bushes; as, to bush
peas.
2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering
seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a
piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground.
Bush, n. [D. bus a box, akin
to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.]
1. (Mech.) A lining for a hole to make
it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a
plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot
or arbor.
Knight.
box, particularly in the United States.
2. (Gun.) A piece of copper, screwed
into a gun, through which the venthole is bored.
Farrow.
Bush, v. t. To furnish with a bush, or
lining; as, to bush a pivot hole.
Bush"boy (?), n. See
Bushman.
Bush"el (?), n. [OE.
buschel, boischel, OF. boissel,
bussel, boistel, F. boisseau,
LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia,
buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida,
acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. /. Cf.
Box.] 1. A dry measure, containing
four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts.
2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in
measuring; a bushel measure.
Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or
under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick?
Mark iv. 21.
3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as,
a heap containing ten bushels of apples.
4. A large indefinite quantity.
[Colloq.]
The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with
bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the
number of the pieces.
Dryden.
5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel.
[Eng.] In the United States it is called a
box. See 4th Bush.
Bush"el*age (?), n. A duty
payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.]
Bush"el*man (?), n. A tailor's
assistant for repairing garments; -- called also
busheler. [Local, U.S.]
Bush"et (?), n. [See
Bosket.] A small bush.
Bush"fight`er (?), n. One
accustomed to bushfighting.
Parkman.
Bush"fight`ing (?), n. Fighting
in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets.
Bush"ham`mer (?), n. A hammer
with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal
points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a
number of rows of such points; -- used for dressing stone.
Bush"ham`mer, v. t. To dress with
bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of
granite.
Bush"i*ness (?), n. The
condition or quality of being bushy.
Bush"ing, n. [See 4th
Bush.] 1. The operation of fitting
bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be
received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc.
2. (Mech.) A bush or lining; --
sometimes called / thimble. See 4th
Bush.
Bush"less (?), a. Free from
bushes; bare.
O'er the long backs of the bushless downs.
Tennyson.
Bush"man (?), n.; pl.
Bushmen (#). [Cf. D.
boschman, boschjesman. See 1st
Bush.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in
the bush.
2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South
African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not
classified as allied in race or language to any other
people.
Bush"ment (?), n. [OE.
busshement ambush, fr. bush.]
1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
2. An ambuscade. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.
Bush"ran`ger (?), n. One who
roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in Australia, an
escaped criminal living in the bush.
Bush"whack`er (?), n. 1.
One accustomed to beat about, or travel through,
bushes. [U.S.]
They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of
raccoons by moonlight.
W. Irving.
2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who
pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a
hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.]
Farrow.
Bush"whack`ing, n. 1.
Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the
bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a
stream. [U.S.]
T. Flint.
2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers.
[U.S.]
Bush"y (?), a. [From 1st
Bush.] 1. Thick and spreading, like
a bush. \'bdBushy eyebrows.\'b8
Irving.
2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs.
Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood.
Milton.
Bus"i*ly (?), adv. In a busy
manner.
Busi"ness (?), n.; pl.
Businesses (#). [From
Busy.] 1. That which busies one, or
that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as
his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or
shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as,
the business of life; business before
pleasure.
Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's
business?
Luke ii. 49.
2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged
in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a
profession. \'bdThe business of instruction.\'b8
Prescott.
3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic
in general; mercantile transactions.
It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any
degree of reputation for their knowledge of
business.
Bp. Popteus.
4. That which one has to do or should do; special
service, duty, or mission.
The daughter of the King of France,
On serious business, craving quick despatch,
Importunes personal conference.
Shak.
What business has the tortoise among the
clouds?
L'Estrange.
5. Affair; concern; matter; -- used in an
indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words.
It was a gentle business, and becoming
The action of good women.
Shak.
Bestow
Your needful counsel to our business.
Shak.
6. (Drama) The position, distribution,
and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as
determined by the stage manager in rehearsal.
7. Care; anxiety; diligence.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
To do one's business, to ruin one.
[Colloq.] Wycherley. -- To make
(a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a
thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] --
To mean business, to be earnest.
[Colloq.]
Syn. -- Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement;
employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation;
office; duty.
Busi"ness*like` (?), a. In the
manner of one transacting business wisely and by right
methods.
Busk (?), n. [F.
busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E.
bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood.
See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F.
b\'96che, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same
root.] A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone,
wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset.
Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall,
Is all that makes her thus angelical.
Marston.
Busk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p.
p. Busked (#).] [OE.
busken, fr. Icel. b/ask to make one's
self ready, rexlexive of b/a to prepare, dwell. Cf.
8th Bound.] 1. To prepare; to make
ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.]
Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny
bride.
Hamilton.
2. To go; to direct one's course.
[Obs.]
Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks.
Skelton.
Busked (?), a. Wearing a
busk.
Pollok.
Bus"ket (?), n. [See
Bosket, Bouquet.] 1. A
small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs.
[R.]
Bus"kin (?), n. [Prob. from OF.
brossequin, or D. broosken. See
Brodekin.] 1. A strong, protecting
covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg.
The hunted red deer's undressed hide
Their hairy buskins well supplied.
Sir W. Scott.
2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made
with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the
stature; -- worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome.
Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as
distinguished from comedy.
Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here,
No greater Jonson dares in socks appear.
Dryden.
Bus"kined (?), a. 1.
Wearing buskins.
Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn.
Pope.
2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy.
\'bdThe buskined stage.\'b8
Milton.
Bus"ky (?), a. See
Bosky, and 1st Bush, n.
Shak.
Buss (?), n. [OE.
basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus
(Luther), Prov. G. busserl, dim. of
bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw.
puss kiss, pussa to kiss, W. & Gael.
bus lip, mouth.] A kiss; a rude or playful
kiss; a smack.
Shak.
<-- p. 196 -->
Buss (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Bussed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Bussing.] To
kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely. \'bdNor
bussed the milking maid.\'b8
Tennyson.
Kissing and bussing differ both in this,
We buss our wantons, but our wives we kiss.
Herrick.
Buss, n. [Cf. OF. busse, Pr.
bus, LL. bussa, busa, G.
b\'81se, D. buis.] (Naut.)
A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; -- used
in the herring fishery.
The Dutch whalers and herring busses.
Macaulay.
Bust (?), n. [F.
buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL.
busta, bustula, box, of the same origin as
E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning, E.
chest. See Bushel.] 1. A
piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human
figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast.
Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust
The faithless column, and the crumbling bust.
Pope.
2. The portion of the human figure included between
the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the
chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.
Bus"tard (?), n. [OF. & Prov.
F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis
tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22;
\'bdproxim\'91 iis sunt, quas Hispania aves tardas
appellat, Gr\'91cia /.\'b8] (Zo\'94l.) A
bird of the genus Otis.
great or bearded
bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird
in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia,
and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little
bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe
and Morocco. Many other species are known in Asia and
Africa.
Bus"ter (?), n. Something huge;
a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang,
U.S.]
Bartlett.
Bus"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Bustled (/);
p. pr. & vb.n. Bustling
(/).] [Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr.
AS. bysig busy, bysg-ian to busy + the
verbal termination -le; or Icel. bustla to
splash, bustle.] To move noisily; to be rudely active;
to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to
bustle through a crowd.
And leave the world for me to bustle in.
Shak.
Bus"tle, n. Great stir; agitation;
tumult from stirring or excitement.
A strange bustle and disturbance in the world.
South.
Bus"tle, n. A kind of pad or cushion
worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to
the skirts; -- called also bishop, and
tournure.
<-- out of fashion by the 1900's -->
Bus"tler (?), n. An active,
stirring person.
Bus"tling (?), a. Agitated;
noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a
bustling crowd. \'bdA bustling
wharf.\'b8
Hawthorne.
\'d8Bus"to (?), n.; pl.
Bustoes (/)/plu. [It.] A
bust; a statue.
With some antick bustoes in the niches.
Ashmole.
Bus"y (?), a. [OE.
busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to
D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr.
bh/sh to be active, busy.] 1.
Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or
only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle
nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant.
Sir, my mistress sends you word
THat she is busy, and she can not come.
Shak.
2. Constantly at work; diligent; active.
Busy hammers closing rivets up.
Shak.
Religious motives . . . are so busy in the
heart.
Addison.
3. Crowded with business or activities; -- said of
places and times; as, a busy street.
To-morrow is a busy day.
Shak.
4. Officious; meddling; foolish active.
On meddling monkey, or on busy ape.
Shak.
5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied;
engaged.
Bus"y (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Busied (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Busying.]
[AS. bysgian.] To make or keep busy;
to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to
busy one's self with books.
Be it thy course to busy giddy minds
With foreign quarrels.
Shak.
Bus"y*bod`y (?), n.; pl.
Busybodies (#). One who
officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a
meddling person.
And not only idle, but tattlers also and
busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.
1 Tim. v. 13.
But (?), prep., adv. &
conj. [OE. bute, buten, AS.
b/tan, without, on the outside, except, besides;
pref. be- + /tan outward, without, fr.
/t out. Primarily, b/tan, as well as
/t, is an adverb. By,
Out; cf. About.] 1. Except
with; unless with; without. [Obs.]
So insolent that he could not go but either
spurning equals or trampling on his inferiors.
Fuller.
Touch not the cat but a glove.
Motto of the Mackintoshes.
2. Except; besides; save.
Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon?
E. Smith.
but is often used with
other particles; as, but for, without, had it not
been for. \'bdUncreated but for love
divine.\'b8
Young.
3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that;
were it not that; unless; -- elliptical, for but
that.
And but my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were
enough to put him to ill thinking.
Shak.
4. Otherwise than that; that not; -- commonly,
after a negative, with that.
It cannot be but nature hath some director, of
infinite power, to guide her in all her ways.
Hooker.
There is no question but the king of Spain will
reform most of the abuses.
Addison.
5. Only; solely; merely.
Observe but how their own principles combat one
another.
Milton.
If they kill us, we shall but die.
2 Kings vii. 4.
A formidable man but to his friends.
Dryden.
6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet;
still; however; nevertheless; more; further; -- as connective of
sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less
exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives
passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are
many, but quite of another kind.
Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but
the greatest of these is charity.
1 Cor. xiii. 13.
When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the
lowly is wisdom.
Prov. xi. 2.
All but. See under All. --
But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King
James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and
adversative force of the Greek /.
But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord
delayeth his coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in
a day when he looketh not for him.
Luke xii. 45, 46.
But if, unless. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
But this I read, that but if remedy
Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see.
Spenser.
Syn. -- But, However,
Still. These conjunctions mark
opposition in passing from one thought or topic to
another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree
of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is
almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I
shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and
throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as,
this is not winter; it is, however, almost as
cold; he required my assistance; at present, however,
I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is
still under consideration, and may yet be adopted.
Still is stronger than but, and marks the
opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are
weighty; still they do not convince me. See
Except, However.
but is to use it
where and is enough; an error springing from the
tendency to use strong words without sufficient
occasio,.\'b8
Bain.
But (?), n. [Cf. But,
prep., adv. & conj.]
The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; --
opposed to ben, the inner room.
[Scot.]
But, n. [See 1st But.]
1. A limit; a boundary.
2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the
blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st
Butt.
But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the
but end of a log; the but end of a musket.
See Butt, n.
But, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Butting.] See Butt,
v., and Abut, v.
Bu"tane (?), n. [L.
butyrum butter. See Butter.]
(Chem.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon,
C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.
Butch"er (?), n. [OE.
bochere, bochier, OF. bochier,
F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF.
boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or
Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.] 1.
One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for
market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for
food.
2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers,
or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as
in battle. \'bdButcher of an innocent child.\'b8
Shak.
Butcher bird (Zo\'94l.), a species
of shrike of the genus Lanius.
Lanius excubitor is the common
butcher bird of Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes
called the lesser butcher bird. The American species
are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird,
and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike.
The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of
suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it.
Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals
slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as
beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.
Butch"er, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Butchered (/); p. pr. &
vb.n. Butchering.] 1. To
kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to
butcher hogs.
2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually
bloody or barbarous manner.
Macaulay.
[Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered.
Ford.
Butch"er*ing, n. 1. The
business of a butcher.
2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing
cruelly and needlessly.
That dreadful butchering of one another.
Addison.
Butch"er*li*ness (?), n.
Butchery quality.
Butch"er*ly, a. Like a butcher; without
compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. \'bdThe victim
of a butcherly murder.\'b8
D. Webster.
What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly,
This deadly quarrel daily doth beget!
Shak.
Butch"er's broom` (?). (Bot.) A
genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R.
aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike
branches. See Cladophyll.
Butch"er*y (?), n. [OE.
bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See
Butcher, n.] 1. The
business of a butcher. [Obs.]
2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with
unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter.
Shak.
The perpetration of human butchery.
Prescott.
3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where
blood is shed. [Obs.]
Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery.
Fabyan.
Syn. -- Murder; slaughter; carnage. See
Massacre.
But"ler (?), n. [OE.
boteler, F. bouteillier a bottle-bearer, a
cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr.
buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow
vessel.] An officer in a king's or a nobleman's
household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the
liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house.
The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt.
Gen. xl. 5.
Your wine locked up, your butler strolled
abroad.
Pope.
But"ler*age (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine
imported into England by merchant strangers; -- so called because
paid to the king's butler for the king.
Blackstone.
But"ler*ship, n. The office of a
butler.
But"ment (?), n. [Abbreviation
of Abutment.] 1. (Arch.)
A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which
joins it to the upright pier.
2. (Masonry) The mass of stone or solid
work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are
sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is
supported.
Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of
a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the
shoulders of the tenon bear.
Knight.
{ Butt, But } (?),
n. [F. but butt, aim (cf.
butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot,
end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push,
butt, strike, F. bouter; of German origin; cf. OHG.
b\'d3zan, akin to E. beat. See
Beat, v. t.] 1. A limit;
a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end.
Here is my journey's end, here my butt
And very sea mark of my utmost sail.
Shak.
mete, and signifies properly the end line or
boundary; the abuttal.
2. The thicker end of anything. See
But.
3. A mark to be shot at; a target.
Sir W. Scott.
The groom his fellow groom at butts defies,
And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes.
Dryden.
4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is
directed; as, the butt of the company.
I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I
thought very smart.
Addison.
5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the
head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram.
6. A thrust in fencing.
To prove who gave the fairer butt,
John shows the chalk on Robert's coat.
Prior.
7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a
field.
The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in
cornfields.
Burrill.
8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where
the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing
or chamfering; -- also called butt joint.
(b) The end of a connecting rod or other like
piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and
gib. (c) The portion of a half-coupling
fastened to the end of a hose.
9. (Shipbuilding) The joint where two
planks in a strake meet.
10. (Carp.) A kind of hinge used in
hanging doors, etc.; -- so named because fastened on the edge of
the door, which butts against the casing, instead of
on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt
hinge.
11. (Leather Trade) The thickest and
stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots,
harness, trunks.
12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to
the targets in rifle practice.
Butt chain (Saddlery), a short
chain attached to the end of a tug. -- Butt end.
The thicker end of anything. See But end, under
2d But.
Amen; and make me die a good old man!
That's the butt end of a mother's blessing.
Shak.
A butt's length, the ordinary distance from
the place of shooting to the butt, or mark. --
Butts and bounds (Conveyancing),
abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular
shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F.
bouts), and bounds are those on the
sides, or sidings, as they were formerly
termed. Burrill. -- Bead and butt.
See under Bead. -- Butt and butt,
joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. --
Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made
by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron
or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See
Weld. -- Full butt, headfirst with
full force. [Colloq.] \'bdThe corporal . . .
ran full butt at the lieutenant.\'b8
Marryat.
Butt, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Butting.] [OE. butten, OF.
boter to push, F. bouter. See Butt
an end, and cf. Boutade.] 1. To join
at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be
bounded; to abut. [Written also
but.]
And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered
ground.
Drayton.
2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by
thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See
Butt, n.]
A snow-white steer before thine altar led,
Butts with his threatening brows.
Dryden.
Butt, v. t. To strike by thrusting the
head against; to strike with the head.
Two harmless lambs are butting one the other.
Sir H. Wotton.
Butt, n. [F. botte,
boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a
hollow vessel.] A large cask or vessel for wine or
beer. It contains two hogsheads.
butt contains 126 wine gallons (=
105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale
gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).
Butt, n. (Zo\'94l.) The
common English flounder.
\'d8Butte (?), n. [F. See
Butt a bound.] A detached low mountain, or
high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding
plain; -- applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain
region.
The creek . . . passes by two remarkable buttes of
red conglomerate.
Ruxton.
<-- p. 197 -->
But"ter (?), n. [OE.
botere, butter, AS. butere, fr.
L. butyrum, Gr. /; either fr. / ox, cow + /
cheese; or, perhaps, of Scythian origin. Cf. Cow.]
1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream
or milk by churning.
2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of
consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry,
the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride
of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly
solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao,
vegetable butter, shea butter.
Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name
given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow,
as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States
to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). --
Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted
butter at table. -- Butter flower, the
buttercup, a yellow flower. -- Butter print,
a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; -- called
also butter stamp. Locke. --
Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of
the upper jaw. -- Butter tree (Bot.),
a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which
yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of
India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea
tree (B. Parkii). See Shea tree. --
Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter.
-- Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter;
-- called also butter woman. [Obs.
or Archaic]
But"ter, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Buttered (/); p. pr. & vb. n.
Buttering.] 1. To cover or
spread with butter.
I know what's what. I know on which side
My bread is buttered.
Ford.
2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every
game. [Cant]
Johnson.
Butt"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, butts.
But"ter*ball` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The buffel duck.
But"ter*bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The rice bunting or bobolink; -- so
called in the island of Jamaica.
But"ter*bump` (?), n. [OE.
buttur the bittern + 5th bump.]
(Zo\'94l.) The European bittern.
Johnson.
But"ter*bur` (?), n.
(Bot.) A broad-leaved plant (Petasites
vulgaris) of the Composite family, said to have been used
in England for wrapping up pats of butter.
But"ter*cup` (?), n.
(Bot.) A plant of the genus
Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R.
bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; -- called also
butterflower, golden cup,
and kingcup. It is the
cuckoobud of Shakespeare.
But"ter-fin`gered (?), a. Apt
to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery;
careless.
But"ter*fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A name given to several different
fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the
Stromateus triacanthus of the Atlantic coast, the
Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the rock
eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.
But"ter*fly` (?), n.; pl.
Butterflies (#). [Perh. from the
color of a yellow species. AS. buter-fl\'c7ge,
buttor-fle\'a2ge; cf. G. butterfliege, D.
botervlieg. See Butter, and
Fly.] (Zo\'94l.) A general name
for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.
[See Illust. under Aphrodite.]
Asclepias butterfly. See under
Asclepias. -- Butterfly fish
(Zo\'94l.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius
ocellaris) of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also
applied to the flying gurnard. -- Butterfly shell
(Zo\'94l.), a shell of the genus
Voluta. -- Butterfly valve
(Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting
of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in
the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in
shape.
But"ter*ine (?), n. A substance
prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed,
as an imitation of butter.
The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to
England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into
butter, which is sold as butterine or suine.
Johnson's Cyc.
But"ter*is (?), n. [The same
word as buttress, noun, in a different application, F.
bouter to push.] (Far.) A steel
cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which
rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a
thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.
But"ter*man` (?), n.; pl.
Buttermen (/). A man who makes
or sells butter.
But"ter*milk` (?), n. The milk
that remains after the butter is separated from the cream.
But"ter*nut` (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) An American tree (Juglans
cinerea) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; -- so
called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called
oil nut and white
walnut.
2. (Bot.) The nut of the Caryocar
butyrosum and C. nuciferum, of S. America; --
called also Souari nut.
But"ter-scotch` (?), n. A kind
of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter.
[Colloq.]
Dickens.
But"ter*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) An annual composite plant of the
Mississippi valley (Senecio lobatus).
But"ter*weight` (?), n. Over
weight.
Swift.
But"ter*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A genus of low herbs
(Pinguicula) having simple leaves which secrete from
their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects
adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are
digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North
Temperate zone.
But"ter*y (?), a. Having the
qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.
But"ter*y, n.; pl. Buttplwies
(/). [OE. botery,
botry; cf. LL. botaria wine vessel; also
OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr.
boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter.
See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask.]
1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and
other provisions are kept.
All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries,
and butteries, to the north.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. A room in some English colleges where liquors,
fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students.
And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar.
E. Hall.
3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept.
Weale.
Buttery hatch, a half door between the buttery
or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions
were passed.
Wright.
Butt" hinge` (?). See 1st Butt,
10.
But"-thorn` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The common European starfish
(Asterias rubens).
But"ting (?), n. An abuttal; a
boundary.
Without buttings or boundings on any side.
Bp. Beveridge.
But"ting joint`. A joint between two pieces of
timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right
angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts
and braces form with the truss posts; -- sometimes called
abutting joint.
Butt" joint` (?). A joint in which the
edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead
of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8.
But"tock (?), n. [From
Butt an end.] 1. The part at the
back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded
protuberances on which he sits; the rump.
2. (Naut.) The convexity of a ship
behind, under the stern.
Mar. Dict.
But"ton (?), n. [OE.
boton, botoun, F. bouton button,
bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouter to push.
See Butt an end.] 1. A knob; a small
ball; a small, roundish mass.
2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to
fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached
to one part, and passing through a slit, called a
buttonhole, in the other; -- used also for
ornament.
3. A bud; a germ of a plant.
Shak.
4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and
elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a
door.
5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or
in a crucible, after fusion.
Button hook, a hook for catching a button and
drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and
gloves. -- Button shell (Zo\'94l.),
a small, univalve marine shell of the genus
Rotella. -- Button snakeroot.
(Bot.) (a) The American composite genus
Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers.
(b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow
leaves, and flowers in dense heads. -- Button
tree (Bot.), a genus of trees
(Conocarpus), furnishing durable timber, mostly
natives of the West Indies. -- To hold by the
button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to
bore; to buttonhole.
But"ton, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Buttoned (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Buttoning (#).] [OE.
botonen, OF. botoner, F.
boutonner. See Button, n.]
1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose
or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by
up.
He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to
the throat in a tight green coat.
Dickens.
2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.]
Shak.
But"ton, v. i. To be fastened by a
button or buttons; as, the coat will not
button.
But"ton*ball` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Buttonwood.
But"ton*bush` (?), n.
(Bot.) A shrub (Cephalanthus
occidentalis) growing by the waterside; -- so called from
its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.
But"ton*hole` (?), n. The hole
or loop in which a button is caught.
But"ton*hole`, v. t. To hold at the
button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to weariness; to
bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an
hour.
But"ton*mold` (?), n. A disk of
bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by
covering it with cloth. [Written also
buttonmould.]
Fossil buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See
Encrinite.
But"tons (?), n. A boy servant,
or page, -- in allusion to the buttons on his
livry. [Colloq.]
Dickens.
But"ton*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) The name of several plants of the genera
Spermacoce and Diodia, of the Madder
family.
But"ton*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) The Platanus occidentalis, or
American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from
which it is named; -- called also buttonball
tree, and, in some parts of the United States,
sycamore. The California buttonwood is P.
racemosa.
But"ton*y (?), a. Ornamented
with a large number of buttons. \'bdThe buttony
boy.\'b8 Thackeray. \'bdMy coat so blue and
buttony.\'b8
W. S. Gilbert.
But"tress (?), n. [OE.
butrasse, boterace, fr. F.
bouter to push; cf. OF. bouteret (nom.
sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See
Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.]
1. (Arch.) A projecting mass of masonry,
used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and
symmetry.
pier.
2. Anything which supports or strengthens.
\'bdThe ground pillar and buttress of the good old
cause of nonconformity.\'b8
South.
Flying buttress. See Flying
buttress.
But"tress (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Buttressed (/);
p. pr. & vb. n. Buttressing.]
To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.
To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress
it up for duration.
Burke.
Butt" shaft` (?) An arrow without a barb,
for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also but
shaft.]
Shak.
Butt" weld` (?). See Butt weld,
under Butt.
Butt"weld`, v. t. To unite by a butt
weld.
But"ty (?), n. (Mining)
One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or
ore.
Bu"tyl (?), n. [L.
butyrum butter + -yl. See
Butter.] (Chem.) A compound
radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.
Bu"ty*lene (?), n. [From
Butyl.] (Chem.) Any one of three
metameric hydrocarbons, C4H8, of the ethylene
series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.
Bu`ty*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
butyrum butter. See Butter.]
Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.
Bu"ty*rate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of butyric acid.
Bu*tyr"ic (?), a. (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or derived from, butter.
Butyric acid, C3H7.CO2H, an
acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of
rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste,
like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called
in distinction the normal- and iso-butyric
acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid
butter.
Bu"ty*rin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in
small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its
peculiar flavor.
Bu`ty*rom"e*ter (?), n. [L.
butyrum butter + -meter.] An
instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter
contained in a sample of milk.
Bu"ty*rone (?), n.
[Butyric + -one.]
(Chem.) A liquid ketone obtained by heating
calcium butyrate.
Bu"ty*rous (?), a.
Butyraceous.
Bux"e*ous (?), a. [L.
buxeus, fr. buxus the box tree.]
Belonging to the box tree.
Bux"ine (?), n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens,
or common box tree. It is identical with
bebeerine; -- called also
buxina.
Bux"om (?), a. [OE.
buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable,
obedient, AS. b\'d3csum, b\'d4hsum (akin to
D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam);
b\'d4gan to bow, bend + -sum, E.
-some. See Bow to bend, and
-some.] 1. Yielding; pliable or
compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek;
humble. [Obs.]
So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be,
And buxom to his bands, is joy to see.
Spenser.
I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever
buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it.
Foxe.
2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and
comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy;
jolly; frolicsome.
A daughter fair,
So buxom, blithe, and debonair.
Milton.
A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing,
singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long.
Tatler.
-- Bux"om*ly, adv. --
Bux"om*ness, n.
Buy (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Bought (#); p. pr. & vb.
n. Buying (#).] [OE.
buggen, buggen, bien, AS.
bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth.
bugjan.] 1. To acquire the
ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or
consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by
the payment of a price or value; to purchase; -- opposed to
sell.
Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou
wilt sell thy necessaries.
B. Franklin.
2. To acquire or procure by something given or done
in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or
sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain.
Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and
instruction, and understanding.
Prov. xxiii. 23.
To buy again. See Againbuy.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- To buy
off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause
to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off
conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as,
to buy off one from a party. -- To buy
out (a) To buy off, or detach from.
Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares
of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is
separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place;
as, A buys out B. (c) To
purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a
business. -- To buy in, to purchase stock in
any fund or partnership. -- To buy on credit,
to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment
at a future day. -- To buy the refusal (of
anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing,
at a fixed price, at a future time.
Buy, v. i. To negotiate or treat about a
purchase.
I will buy with you, sell with you.
Shak.
Buy"er (?), n. One who buys; a
purchaser.
Buz (?), v. & n. See
Buzz. [Obs.]
Buzz (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Buzzed (#);
p. pr. & vb. n. Buzzing.]
[An onomatop\'d2ia.] To make a low, continuous,
humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their
wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low,
humming voice.
Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him.
Longfellow.
However these disturbers of our peace
Buzz in the people's ears.
Shak.
Buzz, v. t. 1. To sound forth
by buzzing.
Shak.
2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an
under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly.
I will buzz abroad such prophecies
That Edward shall be fearful of his life.
Shak.
3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a
low humming voice. [Colloq.]
4. (Phonetics) To sound with a
\'bdbuzz\'b8.
H. Sweet.
Buzz, n. 1. A continuous,
humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general
conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of surprise
or approbation. \'bdThe constant buzz of a
fly.\'b8
Macaulay.
<-- p. 198 -->
I found the whole room in a buzz of politics.
Addison.
There is a buzz all around regarding the
sermon.
Thackeray.
2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or
cautiously.
There's a certain buzz
Of a stolen marriage.
Massinger.
3. (Phonetics) The audible friction of
voice consonants.
H. Sweet.
Buz"zard (?), n.[O.E.
busard, bosard, F. busard, fr.
buse, L. buteo, a kind of falcon or
hawk.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A bird of prey of the Hawk
family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related
genera.
Buteo vulgaris is the common
buzzard of Europe. The American species (of which the
most common are B. borealis, B.
Pennsylvanicus, and B. lineatus) are usually
called hen hawks. -- The rough-legged buzzard, or
bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis apivorus) feeds
on bees and their larv\'91, with other insects, and reptiles. --
The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus \'91ruginosus.
See Turkey buzzard, and Carrion buzzard.
Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey. See
Fishhawk.
2. A blockhead; a dunce.
It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught,
or who continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard.
Goldsmith.
Buz"zard, a. Senseless; stupid.
[R.& Obs.]
Milton.
Buz"zard*et` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A hawk resembling the buzzard, but
with legs relatively longer.
Buzz"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer.
And wants not buzzers to infect his ear
With pestilent speeches of his father's death.
Shak.
Buzz"ing*ly (?), adv. In a
buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.
Buzz"saw` (?) A circular saw; -- so called
from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.
By (?), prep. [OE.
bi, AS. b\'c6, big, near to, by,
of, from, after, according to; akin to OS.& OFries.
bi, be, D. bij, OHG.
b\'c6, G. bie, Goth. bi, and
perh. Gr./. E. prefix be- is orig.the
same word. / See pref. Be-.]
1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far
from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by
me.
By foundation or by shady rivulet
He sought them both.
Milton.
2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5.
Long labors both by sea and land he bore.
Dryden.
By land, by water, they renew the
charge.
Pope.
3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the
other side of; past; as, to go by a
church.
4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as,
a cabin twenty feet by forty.
5. Against. [Obs.]
Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].
6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through
means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of;
as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made
by commerce; to take by force.
To the meaning of by, as denoting means or
agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses
of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer;
as, \'bdWaverley\'b8, a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue
by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven.
(b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or
thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by
all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a
Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to;
by direction, authority, or example of; after; -- in such phrases
as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock
by my watch; to live by rule; a model to
build by. (d) At the rate of; according to
the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to
sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart,
eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to
board by the year. (e) In comparison, it
denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is
increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or
diminution; as, larger by a half; older by
five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It
expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within
the period of; as, by day, by night.
(g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; -- used in
expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had
risen; he will be here by two o'clock.
In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint
nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north
by east, i.e., a point towards the east from
the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point
nearer the east than northeast is.
With is used instead of by
before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat
one with a stick; the board was fastened by the
carpenter with nails. But there are many words which
may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as
instruments; and whether with or by shall
be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of
unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to
consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose
by flattery; he entertained them with a
story; he distressed us with or by a
recital of his sufferings. see With.
By all means, most assuredly; without fail;
certainly. -- By and by. (a) Close
together (of place). [Obs.] \'bdTwo yonge
knightes liggyng [lying] by and by.\'b8
Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once.
[Obs.] \'bdWhen . . . persecution ariseth because of
the word, by and by he is offended.\'b8 Matt.
xiii. 21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before
long. In this phrase, by seems to be used
in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated
for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to \'bdsoon,
and soon,\'b8 that is instantly; hence, -- less
emphatically, -- pretty soon, presently. -- By one's
self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.-
By the bye. See under Bye. --
By the head (Naut.), having the bows
lower than the stern; -- said of a vessel when her head is lower
in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the
stern. -- By the lee, the situation of a
vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring
the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the
other side. -- By the run, to let go by
the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking
off. -- By the way, by the bye; -- used to
introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject.
-Day by day, One by one, Piece
by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece,
etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. --
To come by, to get possession of; to obtain.
-- To do by, to treat, to behave toward. --
To set by, to value, to esteem. -- To
stand by, to aid, to support.
farewell, and would be better written
good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with
you (b'w'ye).
By (?), adv. 1. Near;
in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person
by at the time.
2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as,
the procession has gone by; a bird flew
by.
3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put
by.
By (?), a. Out of the common
path; aside; -- used in composition, giving the meaning of
something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter,
a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line,
by-place, by-play,
by-street. It was formerly more freely used in
composition than it is now; as, by-business,
by-concernment, by-design,
by-interest, etc.
By"ard (?), n. A piece of
leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in
coal mines.
By"-bid`der (?), n. One who
bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the
purpose of running up the price of articles.
[U.S.]
By"-blow` (?), n. 1. A
side or incidental blow; an accidental blow.
With their by-blows they did split the very stones
in pieces.
Bunyan.
2. An illegitimate child; a bastard.
The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to
court, together with her pretty by-blow, the present
Padre Ottomano.
Evelyn.
By"-cor`ner (?), n. A private
corner.
Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world.
Fuller.
By"-de*pend`ence (?), n. An
appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct
from the main dependence; an accessory.
Shak.
By"-drink`ing, n. A drinking between
meals. [Obs.]
Bye (?), n. 1. A thing
not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of
regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or
upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly;
by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the
bye.]
The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the
discipline of the Church of England.
Fuller.
2. (Cricket) A run made upon a missed
ball; as, to steal a bye.
T. Hughes.
By the bye, in passing; by way of digression;
apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by
the by.]
Bye (?) n. [AS.b/;
cf. Icel. byg/ dwelling, byggia,
b/a, to dwell
1. A dwelling.
Gibson.
2. In certain games, a station or place of an
individual player.
Emerson.
By"-e*lec"tion (?), n. An
election held by itself, not at the time of a general
election.
By"-end` (?), n. Private end or
interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage.
[Written also bye-end.]
\'bdProfit or some other by-end.\'b8
L'Estrange.
By"gone` (?), a. Past; gone
by.
\'bdBygone fooleries.\'b8
Shak
By"gone` (?), n. Something gone
by or past; a past event.
\'bdLet old bygones be\'b8
Tennyson.
Let bygones be bygones, let the past be
forgotten.
By"-in`ter*est (?), n.
Self-interest; private advantage.
Atterbury.
By"land (?), n. A
peninsula. [Obs.]
By"land*er (?), n. See
Bilander.[Obs.]
^^By"-lane` (?), n. A private
lane, or one opening out of the usual road.
By"-law` (/), n.
[Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov,
Icel.b/arl\'94g, fr.Sw.& Dan. by town,
Icel. b\'91r, byr (fr. b\'96a to
dwell) + the word for law; hence, a law for one town,
a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.]
1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or
regulation made by a corporation for its own government.
There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws,
or ordinances of corporations.
Bacon.
The law or institution; to which are added two
by-laws, as a comment upon the general law.
Addison.
2. A law that is less important than a general law
or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule
relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a
constitution and by-laws for the government of their
members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by
by, meaning secondary or
aside.
By"-name` (?), n. A
nickname.
Camden.
By"name`, v. t. To give a nickname
to.
Camden.
By"-pass (?), n. (Mech.)
A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert
circulation from the usual course.
By"-pas`sage (?), n. A passage
different from the usual one; a byway.
By"-past (?), a. Past; gone
by. \'bdBy-past perils.\'b8
Shak.
By"path` (?), n.; pl.
Bypaths(/). A private path; an obscure
way; indirect means.
God known, my son,
By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways,
I met this crown.
Shak.
By"-place` (/), n. A retired
or private place.
By"play (?), n. Action carried
on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action
proceeds.
By"-prod`uct (?), n. A
secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the
course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal
product.
Byre (?), n. [Cf, Icel.
b\'81r pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan.
buur, E.bower.] A cow
house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]
By"-re*spect` (?), n. Private
end or view; by-interest. [Obs.]
Dryden.
By"road` (?), n. A private or
obscure road. \'bdThrough slippery byroads\'b8
Swift.
By"ron`ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.
With despair and Byronic misanthropy.
Thackeray
By"-room` (?), n. A private
room or apartment. \'bdStand in some
by-room\'b8
Shak.
By"*smot`ter*ed (?), p.a. [See
Besmut.] Bespotted with mud or dirt.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
By"-speech`(/), n. An
incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the
point. \'bdTo quote by-speeches.\'b8
Hooker.
By"-spell`(/), n. [AS.
bigspell.] A proverb.
[Obs.]
Byss (?), n. See
Byssus, n., 1.
Bys*sa"ceous (?), a. [From
Byssus.] (Bot.) Byssuslike;
consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate
filamentous alg\'91.
Bys*sif"er*ous (?), a.
[Byssus + -ferous.] Bearing
a byssus or tuft.
Bys"sin (?), n. See
Byssus, n., 1.
Bys"sine (?), a. [L.
byssinus made of byssus, Gr./ See
Byssus.] Made of silk; having a silky or
flaxlike appearance.
Coles.
Bys"soid (?), a.
[Byssus + -oid.]
Byssaceous.
Bys"so*lite (?), n. [Gr./ See
flax + -lite.] (Min.) An
olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.
\'d8Bys"sus (?), n.; pl. E.
Byssuses(#); L.
Byssi.(#) [L. byssus
fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr. / .]
1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the
ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or
silk. [Written also byss and
byssin.]
2. (Zo\'94l.) A tuft of long, tough
filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue
from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the
Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach
themselves to rocks, etc.
3. (Bot.) An obsolete name for certain
fungi composed of slender threads.
4. Asbestus.
By"stand`er (?), n.
[By + stander, equiv. to
stander-by; cf. AS. big-standan to stand by
or near.] One who stands near; a spectator; one who
has no concern with the business transacting.
He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets
among them.
Palfrey.
Syn. -- Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.
By"-street` (?), n. A separate,
private, or obscure street; an out of the way or cross
street.
He seeks by-streets, and saves the expensive
coach.
Gay.
By"-stroke` (?), n. An
accidental or a slyly given stroke.
By"-turn`ing (?), n. An obscure
road; a way turning from the main road.
Sir P. Sidney.
By"-view`(/), n. A private or
selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose.
No by-views of his own shall mislead him.
Atterbury.
By"-walk`(/), n. secluded or
private walk.
He moves afterward in by-walks.
Dryden.
By"-wash` (?), n. The outlet
from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of
water.
By"way` (?), n. A secluded,
private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main
one. \'bd Take no byways.\'b8
Herbert.
By"-wipe` (?), n. A secret or
side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm.
Milton.
By"word` (?), n.
[AS.b\'8bword; b\'8b,
E.by+word.] 1. A common saying; a
proverb; a saying that has a general currency.
I knew a wise man that had it for a byword.
Bacon.
2. The object of a contemptuous saying.
Thou makest us a byword among the heathen.
Ps. xliv. 14
By"work (?), n. Work aside from
regular work; subordinate or secondary business.
{ Byz"ant (?), Byz"an*tine
(?) n. }[OE. besant,
besaunt, F. besant, fr. LL.
Byzantius, Byzantinus, fr.
Byzantium.] (Numis.) A gold
coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See
Bezant.
Bi*zan"tian (?), a.& n. See
Byzantine.
By*zan"tine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Byzantium. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes,
applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of
Constantinople. [ Written also
Bizantine.]
Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church,
as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See
under Greek. -- Byzantine empire,
the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395
to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. --
Byzantine historians, historians and writers
(Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine
empire. P. Cyc.
Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of
architecture developed in the Byzantine empire. Its
leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the
circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the
endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia,
Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent
examples of Byzantine architecture.
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